Text Book on Railroad Surveying

alinement amount angle F angles are known bench marks borrow pit C₂ cent center line central angle chord circular curve compound curve computed connecting curve construction Cosine Sine Cosine Cotan Tan Cotan cross-section crossing crossover curvature Curved Track cut or fill D₁ D₂ degree of curve determined earthwork elevations end area excavation exsec F₁ feet forward tangent frog angles frog number frog point gage lines kS³ lead rails length limit of profitable locating engineer main curve main track osculating circle overhaul point rails prismoidal method problem profitable haul radius railroad railways reconnoissance rigid frog roadbed ruling grade shown in Fig side simple curve Sine Cosine Sine slope stake Solve spiral split switch station numbers straight track superelevation survey Tan Cotan Tan tangent offsets total deflection angle transit and stadia transitman triangle value of R₁ Vers whence