A Musik Download download manager is a computer Musik Download program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly Musik Download unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent Musik Download storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web Musik Download page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover Musik Download from errors without Musik Download losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in Musik Download parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known Musik Download to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle Musik Download that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded Musik Download in Musik Download parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where Musik Download the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken Musik Download or paused downloads (especially Download Direct X for very large Musik Download files).
Downloading files Musik Download on poor connections.
Downloading several files Musik Download from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling Musik Download of different connections to download the Musik Download same file Musik Download more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are Musik Download useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically Musik Download dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and Musik Download hang-up. They Musik Download can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For Musik Download broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth Musik Download used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and Musik Download the server is not overloaded, or by automatically Musik Download navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, Musik Download etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other Musik Download information Musik Download useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications Musik Download displaying a banner ad Musik Download in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Musik Download Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer Musik Download applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to Musik Download give users greater control Musik Download over downloads, some Musik Download downloaders Musik Download are created Musik Download to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such Musik Download downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and Musik Download reduces tech support costs Musik Download to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software Musik Download (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology Musik Download and Musik Download telecommunication, on-line and off-line Musik Download are defined Musik Download by Federal Standard Musik Download 1037C. Musik Download They are states or Musik Download conditions of Musik Download a "device Musik Download or Musik Download equipment" or of Musik Download "a Musik Download functional unit". To be considered Musik Download on-line, a device Musik Download must be Musik Download at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to Musik Download a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device Musik Download that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or Musik Download turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common Musik Download use of these concepts is a Musik Download Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Musik Download Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to Musik Download check Musik Download for Musik Download new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it Musik Download is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily Musik Download reflect the connection status between the Musik Download computer on which it is running and Musik Download Internet. The user may have the computer itself Musik Download on-line, connected to Internet via a Mcafee Download cable modem Musik Download or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be Musik Download off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application Musik Download such as Outlook attempts to Musik Download make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive Musik Download telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) Musik Download and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another Musik Download example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization Musik Download master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes Microsoft Paint Download itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device is played back Musik Download on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the Musik Download playback point and wait for each Musik Download other Musik Download to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third Musik Download example of a common use of these concepts is Musik Download a web browser Musik Download that can be instructed to Musik Download be in either "on-line" or Musik Download "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform Musik Download offline browsing, where Musik Download pages can be browsed using local copies of Musik Download those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior Musik Download on-line browsing by the user, Musik Download or explicitly by the Musik Download browser Musik Download being configured to keep local Musik Download copies of Bittorrent Download certain web Musik Download pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at Musik Download regular intervals Musik Download or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date Musik Download whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available Musik Download for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download Musik Download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, Musik Download the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to Musik Download see whether they Musik Download Download Royalty Free Music are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" Musik Download entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that Musik Download is not "available for immediate use Musik Download on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it Musik Download is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is Musik Download considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" Musik Download is reality (e.g. real Musik Download life or Desktop Calendars Free Download meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships Download Free Vcd Movie are Musik Download more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some Musik Download people draw no distinction between an Musik Download "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being Musik Download pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between Musik Download the uses of Musik Download various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and Musik Download voice-over-IP) has Musik Download made it "impossible to use the term Musik Download 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense Musik Download that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts Musik Download that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce Musik Download the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to Musik Download assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line Musik Download relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as Musik Download just as "real" as Musik Download their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may Musik Download be seen by Musik Download people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" The Sims Download within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" Musik Download is seen Musik Download as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with Musik Download "on-line" concepts Musik Download being used to Musik Download define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Musik Download Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Musik Download Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", where Musik Download shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
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