An employer is a person or institution that hires Kera Knitely Nude employees or Kera Knitely Nude workers. Employers offer Kera Knitely Nude wages or a salary to the workers in exchange for Kera Knitely Nude the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the Kera Knitely Nude employee is paid by the Kera Knitely Nude hour or a set rate Kera Knitely Nude per pay period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses Kera Knitely Nude which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that Kera Knitely Nude although employees may contribute to the evolution of an Kera Knitely Nude an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous control Kera Knitely Nude over Kera Knitely Nude the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically Kera Knitely Nude also maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment Kera Knitely Nude and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An Kera Knitely Nude employers� relative level of power over employees is dependent Kera Knitely Nude upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the Kera Knitely Nude employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is Kera Knitely Nude affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors Kera Knitely Nude to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The Kera Knitely Nude balance of economic Kera Knitely Nude efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of employment relations. By meeting the needs of the employer; Kera Knitely Nude generating profits to establish Kera Knitely Nude and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social Kera Knitely Nude equity that benefits the worker so Kera Knitely Nude that he/she can fund and enjoy healthy living; Kera Knitely Nude proves to be a continuous revolving issue in Kera Knitely Nude westernised societies.
Globalisation Kera Knitely Nude has effected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the four major points of concern Kera Knitely Nude that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased Kera Knitely Nude wage disparity for unskilled workers Kera Knitely Nude in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in Kera Knitely Nude industrialized countries and foreign Kera Knitely Nude direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized Kera Knitely Nude nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will Kera Knitely Nude result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in Kera Knitely Nude un-competitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries. Kera Knitely Nude Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a Kera Knitely Nude global labour market results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that Kera Knitely Nude in industrialized countries an average of almost Kera Knitely Nude 70 per cent of workers Kera Knitely Nude are employed in the service sector, most Kera Knitely Nude of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become of this sector. Ultimately this Kera Knitely Nude is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more Kera Knitely Nude skilled and increasing highly diverse labour force, that Kera Knitely Nude are growing in non standard forms of employment
Interests can be Kera Knitely Nude best Kera Knitely Nude described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers Kera Knitely Nude facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets Kera Knitely Nude on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p Kera Knitely Nude 355) describe control can as being either output focused, focusing on desired targets with within managers Kera Knitely Nude defining, and Kera Knitely Nude using, their own methods for reaching targets, or process controls, which specify the manner in Kera Knitely Nude which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer Kera Knitely Nude and managerial control within Kera Knitely Nude an organization rests at many levels and has important Nude Girl Rompl implications for staff and Kera Knitely Nude productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental Kera Knitely Nude link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints with a Isabelli Fontana Nude maximization of labour productivity in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
Motivation is the third and most Kera Knitely Nude difficult Kera Knitely Nude of Kera Knitely Nude the factors in the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can Kera Knitely Nude often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms Kera Knitely Nude of employers, and can be broadly defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p Kera Knitely Nude 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person Kera Knitely Nude to Kera Knitely Nude action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three facets are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and Kera Knitely Nude motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual Kera Knitely Nude employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
