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2021 •
Hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte disorder, so knowledge of its diagnosis and treatment is essential in standard clinical practice. Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is defined as decreased plasma sodium concentration below 135 mEq/L, associated with a decrease in plasma osmolarity. Its speed of development and its symptoms determine the urgency of treatment. Treatment must be individualized and monitored to prevent osmotic demyelination syndrome, the most serious complication of overly rapid correction. For the writing of this review article, a search has been carried out on the UpToDate and PubMed platforms of the review articles and systematic reviews published over the past five years, in Spanish and English, with the keywords: hyponatremia, critically ill, osmolarity and volemia. Books are indicated in the references section.
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Incidencia de la hiponatremia y de sus causas en pacientes neurológicosA guide to the clinical diagnosis and urgent treatment of neonatal hyperammonaemia Abstract Symptomatic hyperammonaemia in newborn is a medical emergency that should be recognised in its early stages, specifically diagnosed and aggressively treated to improve ARTICLE IN PRESS Documento descargado de http://www.analesdepediatria.org el 26/10/2016. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato.
Revista médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Hiponatremia y su etiología en pacientes pediátricos ingresados a sala de urgencias2017 •
Background: The importance of hyponatremia is underestimated despite it is a frequent alteration in a hospital environment. Usually no cause is investigated and it is treated as an isolated data. The aim was to determine the prevalence and etiology of hyponatremia in pediatric patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 72 patients from 1-month to 15-years of age admitted to the emergency room, from May to September, 2015, with lower serum determination of Na < 135 mEq/L at admission. For statistical analysis, frequencies and percentages, as well as medians and ranges were used. Results: 72 patients (3%) out of 2400 admissions to the emergency room were detected. 42 were male (58%), 28 infant (30.5%), and 46 eutrophic (68.5%). The diagnosis at admission was sepsis in 13 (18%), mild hyponatremia in 41 (56.9%), real hyponatremia in 71 (98.6%) and dilutional in 1 (1.4%). The median serum sodium was 130 mEq/L (range 112134), and the median serum osmolality 266 mOsm/L (range 236-288)....
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