Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress Poster Communications PC001 Selenium Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide Induced Hepatotoxicity 1 1 2 1 Adnan Ayhanci , Özge Acar , Varol Şahintürk , Sibel Güneş , İlknur 3 4 5 Kulcanay Şahin , Ahmet Musmul , Sema Uslu 1 Department of Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey 2 Department of Histology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey, 3 Department of Paramedical Sciences,Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey 4 Department of Biostatistics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University,Eskisehir, Turkey 5 Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey isolation was performed by modifying the isolation method of Ricordi. Success of the isolation was determined by IEQ (islet equivalent number)/gram of digested pancreas rate. Average rate is about 4000. Isolations by 4000 and over were regarded as efficient, below 4000 was regarded as inefficient. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Isolations were evaluated with criteria such as; donor age, sex, BMI (body mass index), CIT (cold ischemia time), used pancreas weight, viability and SI (stimulation index). When evaluate all those criteria totally for efficiency, no significant difference detected (p>0.05). A significant negatively relationship was found between viability and donor age at 24th and 48th hours, and also again a significant negatively relationship was found between viability and BMI on 24th hour of culture of isolated islet cell (p<0.05). A negative relationship between CIT and SI, obtained on 24th and 48th hours, and donor age and SI measured only on 48.hour (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As a result, the viability and functionality rates of isolated islet cells are similar according to mentioned efficiency criteria. A relationship between the donor criteria and cell viability was determined. OBJECTIVES: The antitumoral efficieny of CP is directly proportional to its administrated dose. However, high doses have a tendency to result in generalized cytotoxicity. Selenium (Se) is a potent nutritional antioxidant that carries out biological effects by its incorporation into selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase. Therefore we aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of Se on CP-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS: A total of 42 male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n=7) (control, 150 mg/kg CP, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg Se and CP+0.5 and CP+1 mg/kg Se groups). In order to determine the protective effects of Se on liver toxicity, the levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Also, the liver tissues were analysed histologically. RESULTS: Serum ALT (%145), AST (%226), ALP (%88), and LDH (%73) levels increased in CP administrated rats. In groups where CP and Se were given together ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH levels decreased (p<0.05). Histological analysis of liver tissue showed that tissue damage was significantly lower in CP+Se groups. CONCLUSION: Our results show that Se has antioxidant effects and that it may be useful to eliminate CP related oxidative damage. PC003 The Modified Rat Pancreatic Beta Cell Purification Method with Flow Cytometer 1 1 1 Mehmet Sedat Feyat , Sercan Mercan , Emrullah Çalışır , Gülbahar 1 2 3 4 Böyük , Ferda Arpaslan Pınarlı , Ersin Fadıllıoğlu , Tuncay Delibaşı 1 Diskapi YB Training and Research Hospital, Adacell Translational Research Center, Ankara, Turkey 2 Diskapi YB Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Cell Research and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Ankara, Turkey 3 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 4 Hacettepe University, Kastamonu Faculty of Medicine, Internal Diseases Department, Ankara, Turkey AIM: In diabetes researches, understanding the physiology of the Islet of Langerhans and the endocrine beta cells in those islet cells is one of the fundamental issues in this area. In order to study on these two special cell types, they need to be isolated purely to have further investigations. Murine (rats and mice) are basic organism models for diabetes studies as they are for many other types of clinical studies. Therefore, development of practical and useful cell isolation techniques for murine islet and beta cells has a prior importance. In this study, we aim to develop an easy applicable rat islet cell isolation and pancreatic beta cell purification method. METHOD: The islet cell isolation method is based on the collagenase digestion of the exocrine tissue of the pancreas and the gradient centrifugation for further purification basically. In the beta cell purification, flow cytometer is used and fluorescence activated cell sorting technique is applied. RESULT: In this technique, there is no need to use any cell specific antibody that used in standart cell isolation tecnique with magnetic beads for beta cells. Their metabolic activity intensity and cell size difference are used as a distinction parameters. Additionaly, in this study there is no need to modify the flow cytometry device for purification of the beta cells as defined in other reference studies. CONCLUSION: As a result, by using these isolation and the PC002 Results of Islet Cell Isolations from the Tail Section of the Human Pancreas 1 1 1 Sercan Mercan , Gülbahar Böyük , Mehmet Sedat Feyat , Mürsel 1 1 2 3 Çalışkan , Safiye Böyük , Ceren Sucularlı , Ersin Fadıllıoğlu , Tuncay 4 Delibaşı 1 Diskapı YB Training and Research Hospital, Adacell Translational Research Center, Ankara,Turkey 2 Hacettepe University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Bioinformatics,Ankara,Turkey 3 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara,Turkey 4 Hacettepe University, Kastamonu Faculty of Medicine, Internal Diseases Department, Ankara,Turkey AIM: Islet cell transplantation is an alternative treatment method for type I diabetes. Sufficient number and the quality of islet cells increase the success of islet cell transplantation. In this study, it is analyzed whether if donor and isolation criteria have an impact on the efficiency of the islet cell isolation and to assess the cell viability and functionality. METHODS: Between 2013-2015, 32 donors (20 male and 12 female) pancreas tail sections were studied in our center. Islet cell 32 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress purification techniques sequentially, it is possible to have viable and functionally active islet and beta cells in high numbers. (RM+ED) rats received two spray puffs of 0.05% oxymetazoline into the nasal cavities three times daily for eight weeks. After determination of RM in the rats, the RM group was killed. The ED+RM group received 10 mg/kg of an ED suspension. At the end of seven days, these rats were also killed. All groups’ hippocampus tissues were obtained for the measurement of autophagy gene expressions. RESULTS: In rhinitis medicamentosa group Atg5, Atg7 and Atg10 gene expressions in the left hippocampus were reduced as compared to control group (p=0.01, p>0.05, p=0.01, respectively). Also, erdosteine treatments were restored mRNA expression of autophagy genes. In right hippocampus of rhinitis medicamentosa group, Atg5 and Atg10 gene expressions was found to be downregulated as compared to control group (p>0.05, p<0.05, respectively). Both BECN1 and ULK genes expression were found to be reduced in left hippocampus of rhinitis medicamentosa group. Erdosteine applications was restored the expression of these genes (p=0.03, p=0.03, respectively). Additionally, in right hippocampus, Erdosteine application was restored the expression of ULK gene (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that evaluated the expression autophagy genes in RM rat models and the changes observed after erdosteine applications. PC004 Effect of Azacytidine and Melatonin in Prostate Cancer Cells 1 2 1 1 Ömer Aykutluğ , Sedat Develi , Mehmet Özler , Turgut Topal , 1 Ahmet Korkmaz 1 Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men, and there is no definitive treatment. Older age, nutrition, androgens and genetic factors are important in the development of prostate cancer. As well as the mutations in DNA structure, importance of gene hypermethylation which increases proportionally with age is known in the pathogenesis prostate cancer. In our study, by administration of azacytidine which is known to be a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor and melatonin which is considered as an epigenetic regulator, to the DU-145 prostate cancer cells, effects on proliferation of prostate cancer cells was investigated. METHODS: In our study, after culture of DU-145 prostate cancer cells, it was divided into five groups as control, vehicle, azacytidine, melatonin and azacytidine+melatonin groups; with six samples in each group. 400000 units of DU-145 cancer cells were added to each sample medium to. 1 mmol/L melatonin and 3 micromol/L azacytidine was added to study groups. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), was used as solvent for melatonin, was added to the vehicle group. RESULTS: In cell count under a invert microscope made 24 hours after exposure of prostate cancer cells to the agents, statistically significant decrease were found to be in proliferation of cells in the azacytidine group compared to control group; cells in melatonin and azacytidine+melatonin groups compared to the vehicle group. CONCLUSION: Azacytidine as a DNMT inhibitor acts by reducing cancer cell proliferation. Likewise melatonin reduced the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. But the main point; implementation of azacytidine and melatonin together have revealed no significant superiority to separate administration. This situation suggests that melatonin may play a role as a DNMT inhibitor. PC006 The Effects of Dexamethasone on the Paraquat-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rat Model 1 2 1 3 Nuran Ekerbiçer , Tuğba Çavuşoğlu , Beste Ölçgen , Melike Özgül , 3 Sevinç İnan 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey 2 Department off Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey 3 Department of Histology&Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey AIM: Paraquat (PQ) is effective herbicide which is widely used in agriculture. Unfortunately PQ-poisoning caused lung injury in humans. Dexamethasone (Dexa), a long-acting synthetic glucocorticoid, is thriving used in treatment of PQ intoxication. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects of Dexa on total blood volume (TBV) and lung histopathology of paraquat-induced lung injury in rat model using indirect-immunohistochemical method. METHODS: Twenty adult male Spraque Dawley rats (240–270g) were divided as: 1) Control, 2) Dexa: 100mg/kg/ip, 3) PQ: 25mg/kg/ip 4) PQ+Dexa groups. TBV was recorded during the experimental period. Lung samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution. Routine paraffin tissue procedure was performed and sections were prepared for immunohistochemical examination for anti-eNOS, anti-iNOS, anti-VEGF, anti-Bcl-2 and anti-Caspase-3 primary antibodies. Immunoreactivities were scored as mild, moderate, strong and very strong and results were evaluated comparatively using ANOVA statistical test. RESULTS: TBV was increased when compared the values of 10th and 20th min in the PQ group (p<0.05). In the control group, immunoreactivies of Bcl-2/iNOS/eNOS/VEGF/Caspase-3 were observed as strong/strong/moderate/moderate/mild, respectively. While increase immunoreactivities were seen in PQ group, decrease immunoreactivities were observed in PQ+Dexa group as closer in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing effect of Dexa and increasing effect of PQ on TBV were found to be related to acute changes in the tissue PC005 The Effect of Erdosteine on Autophagy Genes Expression in Hippocampus on Rhinitis Medicamentosa Model 1 2 3 Recep Dokuyucu , Bülent Göğebakan , Cengiz Çevik 1 Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: In our study, rats were subjected to Oxymetazoline hydrochloride treatment and Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) was formed and then autophagy gene expression levels were determined after the application of an antioxidant agent erdosteine (ED). METHODS: After obtaining approval from The Mustafa Kemal University local ethics committee, rats were divided into three groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 (RM) and group 3 33 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress vegetables. Previous studies have been reported the association between dietary flavonoid intake and reduced cancer risk. Some flavonoids show great potential as cancer chemopreventive agents in cell culture studies.The present study was designed to evaluate possible chemopreventive effects of apigenin, luteolin and the recently synthesized N-desmethyl sinensetin (6-hydroxyluteolin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether) and its combination with imatinib on human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. METHODS: K562 cells were treated with apigenin, luteolin, sinensetin and imatinib mesylate (anticancer drug). Effect of flavonoids on K562 cell proliferation was detected by MTT (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphentyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The concentrations of the apigenin and luteolin at which 50% of the cell die (IC50) were calculated. Apoptosis was measured by annexin V-FITCH accompanied by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Concentrations of apigenin,luteolin and sinensetin ranging from 25 to 200 µM and imatinib 5 to 50 µM for 72 h was studied. The results indicated significant cytotoxic activities with apigenin IC50:140 µM, luteolin IC50: 100 µM, imatinib IC50:5 µM for the same incubation period, against K562 leukemia cells. The cytotoxic potency of sinensetin at >200 µM concentration was lower than those of apigenin and luteolin. Apoptotic effect apigenin, luteolin and 6-hydroxyluteolin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether and imatinib % 50.21, %48.17,% 58.95, %0,17 were found respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Finally,the combination of these flavonoids and imatinib mesylate were able to enhance cytotoxic effect on K562 cells via apoptotic mechanisms. Our results suggest that the flavones could be considered as chemotherapeutic agents which may help to prevent human chronic myeloid leukemia. This Project was sopported by Istanbul University Research Fund (Project number: 51936). level. It was thought that this situation was related to immunohistochemical parameters on tissue samples. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy and angiogenis were activated in the pulmonary cell of acute PQ poisoning rats. Dexa could be play a role in treatment on acute PQ injury in lung, decreasing apoptosis and angiogenesis. PC007 Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Patients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, Prostatitis and Carcinoma of the Prostate 1 2 3 3 Ali Seydi Bozkurt , Cebrail Gürsul , Merve Aydın , İlyas Sayar , 1 3 Mehmet Karabakan , Aytekin Çıkman 1 Department of Urology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey 3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey Introduction/Purpose: Prostate is a gland located under the bladder in men. Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis and carcinoma of prostate (CA) are ranked among prostate diseases (1). The aim of this study is to evaluate oxidative stress parameters of serum samples taken from patients with BPH, prostatitis and CA. Method: In the study, 40 patients, with no other diseases except for prostate disease and no drug addiction, whose ages ranged from 55-70 were divided into BPH(14), prostatitis (15) and CA (11) groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant state (TOS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), total glutathione level and catalase enzyme activity were identified from the serum samples. Findings: It was found that serum TAC level is the highest in BPH group and lowest in CA group and there is statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05); serum TOS level is the lowest in BPH group and the highest in CA group and there is statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05); serum MDA level is is the lowest in BPH group and the highest in CA group and there is statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05); serum total glutathione level level is is the highest in BPH group and the lowest in CA group and there is statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05); serum catalase enzyme activity is is the highest in BPH group and the lowest in CA group and there is statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05). Result: As a result, it was seen that prostatitis and particularly CA increase oxidant level in the body and undermine antioxidant defense when it is compared to BPH. In these patients, decrease of TAC, glutathione level, catalase enzyme activity and increase of TOS and MDA level support that. PC009 Investigation of DNA Damage using the Comet Assay 1 2 1 Pınar Altıner , Gürcan Albeniz , Leyla Türker Şener , Ferdane 3 3 1 Danışman , Hüsniye Birman , Işıl Albeniz 1 Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: There is a strong association between the deterioration in genetic structure of spermatozoa and infertility. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of smoking on fertility using the "Comet Assay" technique, because nicotine and nicotine metabolites are found in sperm of smokers and they cause damage to spermatozoa DNA. METHODS: Seminal plasma samples were obtained from infertile smoking and nonsmoking men who were admitted to our infertility center, and from fertile men, also who smoked and were nonsmokers (four groups).In total 52 semen samples were studied. DNA damage was visualized using the “Comet Assay” technique. Apoptosis in sperm cells that were exposed to DNA damage was investigated using flow cytometric analysis with Annexin-V-PI staining. RESULTS: "Comet Assay" analysis was used to determine averages of DNA with no fracture and with the greatest number of fractured fragments Comparison of these parameters among the four groups was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. A highly significant difference was found between the groups according to the results of the statistical analysis (p0.001). A highly significant PC008 Investigation of Apoptotic Effects of some Flavonoids on Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines 1 1 2 Ferdane Danışman , Hüsniye Birman , Eda Çandöken , Serap 1 3 4 Kuruca , Gülay Melikoğlu , Sevim Purisa 1 Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Biochemistry,Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Flavonoids are naturally occuring in plant foods,fruits and 34 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress converting enzyme (ACE) within the elements of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that play a role in the pathology of many diseases has been studied in a wider variety for asthma. ACE2 enzyme that causes adverse effects of ACE pathway in the RAS is a negative regulator of this system. ACE2 converts angiotensinII (AngII) to Ang1-7. Deficiency of ACE2 have been associated with increased AngII and decreased Ang1-7 levels in the circulation and tissues. Several studies have shown the vasodilator effects of Ang1-7. AngII can lead different systemic effects via AT1 and AT2 receptors. In our study we aimed to detect differences of ACE2, AT2R gene polymorphisms in patients with asthma compared to the control group. MATERIAL-METHOD: This study was performed on 45 unrelated asthma patients and 27 healthy subjects. DNA samples for each individual were isolated from peripheral blood and ACE2 and AT2R polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR and enzymatic digestion methodologies. Statistical significance of the observed genotype frequencies was evaluated according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule compared to the expected genotype frequencies. Analysis of genotype frequencies were analyzed by χ2 test. Allele frequencies were determined by gene counting. Because interested genes are located on X chromosome, all data for each sex were analyzed separately. RESULTS: The frequencies for each of the ACE2 genotype were found as 19 GG, 17 GA, 3 AA in the female asthma group; 10 GG, 11 GA, 0 AA in the female control group. The frequencies for each of the AT2R genotype were found as 7 GG, 21 GA, 11 AA in the female asthma group; 1 GG, 15 GA, 5 AA in the female control group. The frequencies for each of theACE2genotype were found as 5 G in the male asthma group, 6 G in the male control group. The frequencies for each of the AT2R genotype were found as 5 G, 1 A in the male asthma group, 3 G, 3 A in the male control group. The frequencies for each of the ACE2 and AT2R genotypes were found as 25 G, 23 A, 43 A in the female asthma group; 31 G, 11 A, 25 A in the female control group. DISCUSSION: The distribution of ACE2 and AT2R genotypes and allele frequencies were not significantly different between groups. Frequencies of ACE2 and AT2R polymorphisms in patients with asthma are defined for the first time. The study of gene products in the wider population parallel with clinical data associated with polymorphism can help to clarify pathophysiology of asthma due to reverse effects of the interest polymorphisms. difference was found among the groups according to the results of the statistical analysis carried out with sperm cells stained with Annexin V and PI (p0.001). CONCLUSION: DNA damage was more common in the semen samples of both infertile and smoker groups as detected by the “Comet Assay”. In order to understand the sperm-originated problems more clearly, visualization of DNA damage with the "Comet Assay" could facilitate and contribute to the development of clinical treatment of couples with infertility. PC010 The Effect of Bilberry on Nitric Oxide and Malondialdehyde Levels in Lung Tissue of Nicotine Applied Rats 1 1 1 2 Sibel İnik , Serap Yıldırım , Songül Doğanay , Elvin Aliyev , Yusuf 1 2 Doğru , Abdulkadir Yıldırım 1 Depertmant of Physiology,Atatürk University,Erzurum,Turkey 2 Depertmant of Biochemistry,Atatürk University,Erzurum,Turkey INTRODUCTION: Nicotine is a oxidant substance emitted in to the body through the bloodstream causing on increase in reactive oxiygen species and nitric oxid. Bilberry contains ellagic acid, bioflavonoids, antosiyonidin and have strong antioxidant properties and block the destructive effects of free radicals.The aim of this study was to investigate effects of bilberry on oxidative stress created with nicotine in lung tissue. MATERİAL and METHOD: 27 rats devided into 4 groups. Control (C), nicotine (N), bilberry (B) and bilberry + nicotine ( N+B ). Nicotine was applied 2.5 mg/kg/day at a dose subcutaneously for 30 days once a day. Bilberry was applied 100 mg/kg/day at a dose by gavage once a day. The end of experiment were measured nitric oxide and malondialdehyde level spectrophotometrically in lung tissue homogenates. RESULTS: NO and MDA levels were significantly higher in they nicotine group compared with control group (p<0.05). NO (p<0.01) and MDA (p<0.005) levels were significantly lower in the bilberry group compared with nicotine group. NO and MDA levels were not statistically significant N+B group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that orally administered bilberry extract in 100mg/kg/day dose ın rats may decrease oxidatıve stress formed by nicotine in lung tissue. PC011 Evaluation of ACE2 and AT2R Polymorphisms in Patients with Asthma 1 2 1 3 Ceylan Ayada , Ümran Toru , Osman Genç , Server Şahin , Emre 4 5 6 7 Taşkın , Zehra Yaşar , İsmet Bulut , Murat Acat 1 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey 2 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Department of Chest Diseases, Kütahya, Turkey 3 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Kütahya, Turkey 4 Karabük University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Kütahya, Turkey 5 Abant İzzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Department of Chest Diseases, Bolu, Turkey 6 Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Adult Immunology and Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey 7 Aydın General Secretary of the Union of Public Hospitals, Aydın, Turkey PC012 The Evaluation of Genotype and Allele Frequencies of Angiotensinogen M235T Polymorphism in Patients with Asthma 1 2 1 3 Ceylan Ayada , Ümran Toru , Osman Genç , Server Şahin , Emre 4 5 6 7 Taşkın , Zehra Yaşar , İsmet Bulut , Murat Acat 1 Dumlupınar University Medical Faculty Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey 2 Dumlupınar University Medical Faculty Department of Chest Diseases, Kütahya, Turkey 3 Dumlupınar University Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, Kütahya, Turkey 4 Karabük University Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, Karabük, Turkey 5 Abant İzzet Baysal University Medical Faculty Department of Chest Diseases, Bolu, Turkey 6 Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Allergic Disease, Istanbul, Turkey 7 Aydın General Secretary of the Union of Public Hospitals, Aydın, Turkey AIM: Asthma is defined as a lung disease with chronic inflammatory characteristics. Polymorphism of angiotensin 35 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress reference to the I/R groups (p<0.05). The MDA level was significantly decreased in 10 and 100 µg/kg apelin application groups with compare to the I/R group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study indicate that the apelin reduces the oxidative damage. Additional studies should figure out the mechanisms which the apelin enables these effects. AIM: Asthma is known as a chronic inflammatory lung disease which has also systemic features. Genetic polymorphisms which are related to the production of protein within the reninangiotensin system (RAS) have been associated with different clinical conditions in different populations. Studies have shown that angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T gene polymorphism is associated with inflammation. In our study we aimed to detect differences of AGT M235T gene polymorphism in adult Turkish patients with asthma compared to the control group. MATERIAL-METHOD: This study was performed on 45 unrelated asthma patients and 27 healthy subjects. DNA samples for each individual were isolated from peripheral blood and ACE2 and AT2R polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR and enzymatic digestion methodologies. Statistical significance of the observed genotype frequencies was evaluated according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule compared to the expected genotype frequencies. Analysis of genotype frequencies were analysed by χ2 test. Allele frequencies were determined by gene counting. RESULTS: The frequencies for each of the AGT genotype were found as 9 MM, 26 MT, 10 TT in the asthma group; 9 MM, 13 MT, 5 TT in the control group. The distribution of the AGT gene M alleles were found 44 in the asthma group and 31 in the control group; T alleles were found 46 in the asthma group and 13in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for genotype and allele frequencies (χ2 = 1.6; df = 2; P = 0.449, χ2 = 0.98; df = 1; P =0.322). DISCUSSION: According to our results we assume that there is no relation between AGT M235T polymorphism and asthma. On the other hand relationships of asthma with different focuses of AGT gene have been reported previously. Therefore, we believe it is necessary to clarify possible relations between asthma associated clinical data and interested polymorphism. PC014 The In Vitro Effect of Chemical Chaperones on the Viability of Rat Pancreatic Islet Cell 1 2 1 3 Mürsel Çalışkan , Sercan Mercan , Ahmet Yaşar , Ersin Fadıllıoğlu , 4 Tuncay Delibaşı 1 Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey 2 Diskapi YB Training and Research Hospital, Adacell Translational Research Center, Ankara, Turkey 3 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 4 Hacettepe University, Kastamonu Faculty of Medicine, Internal Diseases Department, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Chaperones are biological molecules, which give the proteins their three-dimensional structures in order to perform their duties within the cell after the synthesis of those proteins. The purpose of this study is, investigate the effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4-Phenylbutyric Acid (4-PBA) chemical chaperones on the rat pancreatic islet cell viability. METHODS: Islet cells isolated from rats are cultured with in a certain concentration of range from 250 to 1500 μM TUDCA and 4-PBA chemicals. Then, the viability of islet cells was assessed by the fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) dyes. RESULTS: 1000μM concentration of TUDCA and 500μM concentration of 4-PBA chemicals are added to isolated islets, and after 24th and 48th hours of cultivation the viability of those cells is evaluated. When we compare the chaperone added group with the control group, chaperon added cells were significantly higher percentage of cell viability than the control group in statistical terms (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The viability of islet cells is increased due to reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by adding mentioned chemical chaperones at defined concentrations. In islet cell transplantation, as an alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes, at cell level a therapeutic application with those chemical chaperones for isolated islet cells before transplantation might have positive effect on the viability and the functionality of those islet cells in the post-transplantation period. PC013 Antioxidant Effect of Apelin on Renal Iischemia/Reperfusion Damage 1 2 1 Burak Bircan , Murat Çakır , Sevda Kırbağ 1 Fırat University – Faculty of Science/Department of Biology, Elazığ, Turkey 2 İnönü University School of Medicine/Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Apelin is a hormone having peptide structure that is defined as ligand for APJ receptor. Apelin and APJ are known to be synthesised in many peripheral tissues and it is concerned since it is found in kidney tissue in mammals. This study aims to determine the protective role of the apelin-13 in renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) that was formed in rats. METHODS: The rats were divided into five groups as sham control (SH), I/R and three different concentrations of apelin-13 (1, 10 and 100 µg/kg) intraperitoneally (n=7) to be applied. In I/R model, the right kidney was taken and the left kidney was applied ischemia for 45 minutes and then 3 hour reperfusion. After the reperfusion, the animals were decapitated. The levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in kidney tissues spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: In the study, enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT and GSHPx were determined significantly decrease in I/R group with reference to the sham group (p<0.05). MDA levels of the kidney tissue significantly increase was seen in I/R group with compare to the sham group (p<0.05). The increase in the groups which were given apelin for SOD and CAT, were significantly in 10 and 100 µg/kg applications and for GSH-Px, 100 µg/kg application, with PC015 ACE Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with OSAS 1 2 1 1 Ceylan Ayada , Ümran Toru , Osman Genç , Hasan Şimşek , Özlem 3 4 Admış , Ali Nihat Annakkaya 1 Department of Physiology, University of Dumlupınar, Kütahya, Turkey 2 Department of Chest Diseases, University of Dumlupınar, Kütahya, Turkey 3 Department of Biochemistry, University of Düzce, Düzce, Turkey 4 Department of Chest Diseases, University of Düzce, Düzce, Turkey AIM: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), is characterized by narrowing of the upper airway and it often causes a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation during sleep. Variety of complications including cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, heart attack, acute myocardial infarction and arrhythmia is developing in 36 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress activities in RBCs and plasma of CRF-patients which may be due the effect of urea. some OSAS patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidase that converts a vasoactive substance Angiotensin-I to Angiotensin-II. Vascular tone and formation of atherosclerotic plaques were found to be associated with changes in the production of ACE. Therefore it plays a role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. ACE gene is localized on chromosome 17q23. Functionally, the two polymorphisms (I and D) and related third genotype (II,ID,DD) is defined. Plasma ACE level differences between individuals associated with ACE (I/D) polymorphism. The presence of the D allele is associated with high ACE activity. Purpose of our study is to determine the association between ACE gene polymorphism and OSAS disease. METHODS: The study was enrolled with OSAS (n=27) and healthy (n=19) subjects. DNA was obtained from venous blood samples by conventional methods. ACE polymorphisms were determined by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA. Nominal variables between the groups were compared with chisquare test. RESULTS: The frequencies for each of the ACE genotype were found as 12 DD,12 ID,3 II in the OSAS group; as 9DD,7ID,3II in the control group. The distribution of the ACE gene D alleles were found 36 in the group and 25 in the control group; I alleles were found 18 in the OSAS group and 13 in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for genotype and allele frequencies (χ2=0.364;df=2;P=0.834, χ2=0.008;df=1;P=0.930). CONCLUSIONS: We think that ACE polymorphism isn’t a risk factor in the development of OSAS disease. The study is supported by Dumlupınar University Scientific Research Project Coordinator. PC017 The Protective Effect of Pomegranate Juice against Cisplatin Toxicity in Rat Liver and Kidney Tissue 1 2 3 Salih Bakır , Ümit Can Yazgan , İbrahim İbiloğlu , Bilal 5 1 Murat Kızıl , Mustafa Kelle 1 Department of Physiology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 2 Department of Physiology, Zirve University, Gaziantep, 3 Department of Pathology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 4 Department of Immunology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 5 Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 4 Elbey , Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey AIM: The purpose of this study was to perform a histopathological investigation, at the light microscopy level, of the protective effects of fresh pomegranate juice in cisplatin-induced liver and kidney damage in rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals: Group 1: Control, Group 2: Treated for 10 consecutive days by gavage with pomegranate juice (2 cc/kg/day); Group 3: Injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin (8 mg/kg body weight, single dose) onset of the day 5, and Group 4: Treated by gavage with pomegranate juice 10 days before and after a single injection of cisplatin onset of the day 5. After 10 days, the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys and liver tissue samples were removed from each animal after experimental procedures. Cisplatininduced renal and hepatic toxicity and the effect of pomegranate juice were evaluated by histopatological examinations RESULTS: In the kidney tissue, pomegranate juice significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced structural alterations when compared to the cisplatin alone group. But in the liver tissue, although pomegranate juice attenuated the cisplatin-induced toxicity only in 2 rats, significant improvement was not observed. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the antioxidant pomegranate juice might have a protective effect against cisplatin-induced toxicity in rat kidney, but not in liver. Pomegranate juice could be beneficial as a dietary supplement in patients receiving chemotherapy medications. PC016 Study of Acetylcholine Esterase Activity Changes in Blood and Plasma of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Aydın S. Ahmed Laboratory Medicine Dept. College of Technology Kirkuk, Iraq INTRODUCTION: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive loss in renal function. Considering the fact that erythrocytes are susceptible to oxidative stress induced by toxic materials as well as that studies describing the toxicity of urea are, limited and few studies recorded involving evaluation of acetyl choline esterase activities in patients with CRF. AIM: This study aims to investigate the AChE activities in RBCs and plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. SUBJECTS & METHODS: Forty-four patients who suffer from chronic renal failure were maintained on chronic hemodialysis were investigated in Artificial Kidney Unit-Kirkuk hospital to study the changes in acetylcholine esterase(AChE) activity of red cells (RBCs) and plasma. Patients ages were ranged between 18-67 years+ 43.63. Twelve healthy subjects of same age group with normal values of renal function test were also subjected to the study and considered as a control. Blood samples were collected from all subjected individuals inK2EDTA containers. Red blood cells were purified to avoid interference with reticulocyte and leucocytes. AChE activities were measured in RBCs and plasma of all subjected individuals by electronic method. RESULTS: AChE activities,in both specimens, collected from patients was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that found in the control subjects. The values were 0.192+0.45 in plasma and 0.185 + 0.04 in RBCs of patients. While the activities showed higher values in control group (0.29+0.14 & 0.27+0.12 respectively). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was inhibition in AChE PC018 Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Nebivolol in LArginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: An Experimental Study on Rats 1 2 3 4 Bilal Elbey , Ümit Can Yazgan , Ahmet Yılmaz , İbrahim İbiloğlu , 5 6 6 7 İbrahim Kaplan , Burhan Baykal , İbrahim Yalınkılıç , İdris Keskin 1 Department of Immunology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey 3 Department of Family Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey 4 Department of Pathology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey 5 Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey 6 Department of Medical Biology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey 7 Department of Anatomy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey AIM: Nebivolol is a β1- receptor antagonist anti-hypertensive drug and has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to investigate the possible ameliorating effects of Nebivolol against harmful effect of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals: Group 1: 37 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress exerts hyperventilation effects. According to our findings, central COX and LOX signaling pathway mediates AA-induced respiratory effects. This study was supported by TUBITAK (114O093-01.08.201401.08.2015) Control, Group 2: AP, Group 3: AP+Nebivolol and Group 4: Nebivolol. Nebivolol was applied to AP+Nebivolol and Nebivolol groups via oral gavage for 5 days at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day before induction of AP. Acute pacreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal L-arginin instillation. Twelve hours after induction of AP, the animals were sacrified and blood samples, remote organ tissue samples were obtained by laparotomy. Serum amylase, TNF-α, IL1β, IL-6, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) levels were determined. Pancreatic tissues were evaluated for histopathological changes. RESULTS: Acute pancreatitis were confirmed by high level of amylase and histopathologically in both AP and AP+ Nebivolol groups. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 all decreased significantly in Nebivolol group in comparison with AP group (p=0.04, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively). Serum TAS levels was significantly higher in the AP+Nebivolol group (1.22±0.38) compared to AP group (0.75±0.14), (p=0.022). Serum TOS levels were significantly lower in the AP+Nebivolol group (1121.8±507.5) (p=0.047) compared to the AP group (1403.3±1052.3). Histopathological changes supported our result. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Nebivolol may improve the biochemical and histopathological parameters in AP. PC020 HIF-1α Levels in Different Hypoxic Conditions 1 1 1 Sacide Yıldız , Kemal Erdem Başaran , Sami Aydoğan , Emrah 2 Erdoğan 1 Erciyes University, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Erciyes University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master transcriptional activator that regulates gene expression during hypoxia. The aim of present study is to determine and compare levels of HIF-1α which is a physiologic and pathologic key mediator of hypoxia in different hypoxic conditions in the plasma, brainstem and spinal cord tissues. METHODS: In our study, 4 experimental groups were formed including seven adult rats in each group. Control group was conserved in normoxic conditons (%21 O2, %0.03 CO2), acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) group was conserved in mixture of % 10 O2 and % 0.03 CO2 for 5 minutes (5 times), chronic intermitent hypoxia (CIH) group was conserved in %10 O2 (10 times for 15 minutes each day for 10 days) and chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH) group was exposed to %10 O2 for 10 days. HIF-1α levels of tissue and plasma samples taken from brainstem and spinal cord after hypoxia applications was performed with ELISA. Comparisons between groups were analyzed by One Way Anova test. RESULTS: HIF-1α levels were higher in AIH and CIH groups but it was lower in CSH group both in plasma and brainstem samples compared to control group. There are also similar alterations in spinal cord tissue samples but it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: HIF-1α levels increased in AIH and CIH conditions but decreased in CSH conditions in plasma, brainstem and spinal cord tissues. This situation indicates that the tissue oxygen levels are arranged within this period. And experimental hypoxic modellings is also important for the measurement of this type of parameters, especially HIF-1α. This work was supported by Research Fund of the Erciyes University (Proj. No: TYL-2014-5311) PC019 The Effect of Centrally Injected Arachidonic Acid on Respiratory System Leman Gizem Erkan, Gökçen Güvenç, Burçin Altınbaş, Murat Yalçın Department Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey AIM: Arachidonic acid(AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is present in the phospholipids of membranes of the body's cells, and is abundant in the brain.AA is involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. Recently we reported that AA leads to a pressor effect by activating brain thromboxane A2(TXA2). The main object of the present study was to determine the effect of centrally injected AA on respiratory system and the mediation of central cyclooxygenase(COX) and lipoxygenase(LOX) signaling pathway in TXA2, prostaglandin(PG) E and D on AA-induced respiratory effects. METHODS: The experiments were performed in eighty male Spraque Dawley rats.AA at doses of 0.25,0.5 and 1µmol were injected intracerebroventricularly and respiratory rate(RR),tidal volume(TV) and minute ventilation(MV) were recorded. Respiratory system that continuously records physiological parameters of the transducers connected to the MP35 system(BPT300, Biopac Systems Inc.) was recorded in the via computer. To show mediation of the central COX and LOX signaling pathway in AA-evoked respiratory effects, pretreatment with COX inhibitor ibuprofen (250µg/5µl) or TXA2 synthesis inhibitor furegrelate (10µg/5µl) or LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (150µg/5µl)(NDGA) or PGE and PGD receptor antagonists AH6809 (10µg/5µl) was carried out 5 min before injection with AA (0,5µmol), and the respiratory parameters were recorded. Data are given as means±S.E.M. of five measurements.Statistical analysis was performed using two-wayRM-ANOVA with posthoc Bonferroni test. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Centrally injected AA caused dose- and time-dependent increase in RR, TV and MV of rats. Ibuprofen and furegrelate blocked AA-evoked respiratory effects while pretreatment with NDGA and AH6809 caused partial blockade. CONCLUSIONS: Intracerebroventricular administration of AA PC021 Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Respiratory System in Rats 1 2 Onur Elmas , Selçuk Çömlekçi 1 Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Mugla, Turkey 2 Suleyman Demirel University, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Isparta, Turkey OBJECTIVES: There have been a lot of reported results in the literature suggesting that an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) has possible detrimental effects on various tissue like the nerves and heart. Recent research has suggested that short-term exposure to ELF-EMF can have a greater effect than long-term exposure. However, there is no information in the literature about the effects of EMF exposure on the respiratory system, despite these previous studies. In our study, we aimed to investigate the possible effect of short-term 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure on the respiratory system through pulmonary function testing in rats. 38 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress HBOT may have protective effect against lung damage due to antioxidant activity. METHODS: Wistar albino rats were exposed to a 50 Hz, 0.3 mT EMF in a Helmholtz coil, and changes in respiratory function tests were investigated using the head-out plethysmography technique. RESULTS: According to the data we gathered, the EMF frequency and magnetic flux density that we applied did not affect the respiratory rate, respiratory cycle duration, inspiration and expiration durations, tidal volume, minute volume, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, or mid-inspiratory and expiratory flows. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory functions are directly influenced by the central nervous system, chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and respiratory muscles. The bronchial smooth muscles, which affect airway resistance, influence the dynamic parameters of respiration. Since the ELF-EMF dose that we applied did not have any effects on respiratory function, we conclude that it does not affect the centers that control respiration either. P023 Evaluation of the Pulmonary Function Test Parameters and Hemograms of Bakelite Workers 1 3 2 Aliye Kaşarcı Hakan , Nurgül Bulut , Mehmet Ünal 1 Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Istanbul Medeniyet University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul,Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: As defined in the Law No. 6331, in the international sources such as, the World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization, occupational disease is "specific to work activity, a disease resulting from exposure to occupational risks". Respiratory system, constantly and directly in contact with the external environment and due to many factors surrounding the lungs it can be easily reached, is one of our most frequently exposed system to occupational diseases. Factory workers working with Bakelite, are exposed directly to the steam and the chemical structure of bakelite, are at risk of respiratory diseases. Starting from this point, it is aimed that made of Bakelite workers pulmonary function tests and examination of the blood count values, other factory workers of similar age and socio-economic conditions of the data is compared with PFT values and hemograms. According to the determined measurement results aimed planning of precautions to be taken. METHODS: 21 people working in the business and working in different areas of bakelite 44 people, from Ortospor to PFT and which serve as the Aksen Occupational Health and Safety Company, participated in the study. In the study, after the participiant’s physical examination and blood biochemistry tests, PFT was made in Spirobank Spirometry testing device (Mir brand). In SFT and hemograms FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, FEF 25-75, PEF, the IC value, erythrocytes, leukocytes, leukocyte subsets, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit values were examined. SPSS 21 program was used for statistical analysis of our study. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and independent sample t-test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Compared PFT values of the participating groups in our study, PFT values of bakelite workers,both restriction and Obstruction, was determined as well as significantly lower than in the control group. PC022 The Antioxidant Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on Paraquat-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats 1 2 1 3 Raziye Akcılar , Aydın Akcılar , Hasan Şimşek , F. Emel Koçak , 4 5 6 Cengiz Koçak , Gündüz Yümün , Zeynep Bayat 1 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey 2 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Animal Research Center, Kütahya, Turkey 3 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kütahya, Turkey 4 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kütahya, Turkey 5 University of Namık Kemal, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tekirdağ, Turkey 6 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Kütahya, Turkey AIM: In this study, the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) were evaluated on oxidative parameters in the presence of paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury in rats. METHODS: A total of 21 Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into three groups as control (C), PQ and PQ + HBOT group. Lung injury was induced by single dose intraperitoneal injection of PQ (20 mg/kg). Three days after PQ treatment, PQ + HBOT group was administered 100% O2 at 2.0 ATA for 1 hour per day, for five consecutive days. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels and histopathological cellular structures were evaluated in lung tissues obtained after the experiment procedure in all groups. RESULTS: Tissue TAS levels of rats in the PQ group decreased when compared with the other groups. Tissue TOS values of the PQ group were higher than the C and PQ + HBOT, but the differences were not statistically significant. In addition, an increase was observed in OSI levels in the PQ group compared with PQ + HBOT group. It was observed significantly increased TAS levels and decreased TOS, OSI levels and histological injury scores in the PQ + HBOT group. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the study showed that oxidative stress and reduction of antioxidant capacity play a crucial role in the PQ-induced lung injury. HBOT markedly decreased OSI levels, and significantly increased TAS activity. In addition, it reduced lung oedema, haemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration and alveolar septal thickening on histopathologic examination. The results of this study suggest that HBOT application restored increased OSI and decreased TAS activity in rats with PQ-induced lung injury and thus PC024 The Effect of Histamine on Acetylcholine and Choline Releases from the Posterior Hypothalamus and Nucleus Tractus Solitarius of Hypotensive Rats 1 1 1 Burçin Altı ̇nbaş , Gökçen Güvenç , Leman Gizem Erkan , Mustafa 2 1 1 Sertaç Yılmaz , Özge Avşar Avşar , Murat Yalçın Yalçın 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa,Turkey 2 Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Histamine, acting centrally as a neurotransmitter, evoked reversal of hemorrhagic hypotensive shock effects by involving central histaminergic receptors, especially H1 receptors. Recently, we demonstrated that central cholinergic receptors involved pressor effect of histamine in 39 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress RESULTS: Number of TH-positive in SN was significantly reduced in P group; whereas, reduction was found 50% in DP group (p<0,05). Bcl-2 expression was decreased in P group, while it was remarkably increased in DP group. The upregulated expressions of Nrf2 and Bax were observed in P group; whereas, their expressions were down-regulated in DP group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of present study indicate protective effect of DHA administration on dopaminergic neurons in MPTPinduced experimental Parkinson model. Furthermore, the pathways of HO-1 and HO-2 are partly involved in this protective mechanism. hemorrhagic shock. In the current study, we aimed to demonstrate influence of centrally administrated histamine on acetylcholine/choline releases from the posterior hypothalamus (PH) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of hemorrhaged rats. METHODS: Ninety male Wistar rats (250-300g) were used throughout the study. Hemorrhage was achieved by withdrawing a total volume of 1.5ml blood/100g bw in 10min. Microdialysis study was performed in PH and NTS to measure acetylcholine/choline levels. Histamine (100nmol) was injected intracerebroventricularly. Dialysate samples were injected to HPLC system with an electrochemical detector. Data are given as means ± S.E.M. of five measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way-RM-ANOVA with posthoc Bonferroni test. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Hemorrhage produced a severe decrease in blood pressure and increase in PH and NTS acetylcholine levels 57/114% and choline levels 66/41%, respectively. Centrally administration histamine caused the addition increase in PH and NTS acetylcholine levels 88/55% and choline levels 59/76%, respectively. H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine completely blocked histamine-evoked PH and NTS acetylcholine/choline level increases, whereas H2 receptor blocker ranitidine and H3/H4 receptor antagonist thioperamide had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that central histamine administered reverses the hemorrhagic shock conditions by activating PH and NTS acetylcholine/choline releases, and histaminergic H1 receptors are involved. This study was supported by Uludag University (BAP-UAP(V)2010/08). PC026 Movement Intention and Brain Machine Interfaces in Chronic Stroke 1,2 2,3 2,4 Özge Yılmaz , Niels Birbaumer , Ander Ramos Murguialday , 1 Department of Psychology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Verhanltensneurobiologie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany 3 Ospedale San Camillo, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carrettere Scientifico, Lido di Venezia, Italy 4 Health Technologies Department, Technalia, San Sebastian, Spain AIM: Chronic stroke victims continue their lives as hemi-paralyzed and an effective treatment could not be applied for motor restoration. In this study, an EEG - brain machine interface (BMI) system used in chronic stoke patients. The aim was to bypass the lesioned area and providing online proprioceptive feedback by directly moving the paretic hand with the robotic arm that may activate motor re-learning processes. Additionally EEG signals related to movement intention was measured and compared as important markers of motor learning. METHODS: 20 hemi-paretic patients were rehabilitated 2 hours everyday during one month. Sensory feedback was provided with the orthotic device attached to their paretic arm and hand. In the experimental group, the robotic arm was moving the patients paretic arm based on mu rhythm desynchronization, and in control group totally random feedback was provided. Pre and post intervention measurements of movement intention related potentials were acquired during a “hand open/close” task. RESULTS: The experimental group was showing significant recovery in Fugl-Meyer physiotherapy scale (p<0.001) and significantly better BMI performance with producing more consecutive feedback in comparison to control group. The amplitude of movement intention related potentials was significantly reduced over Cz after the intervention resembling normal range of amplitude (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In this study it was shown the first time that cortical potentials emerging during movement intention may be a reliable measure for motor restoration and BMI systems can effectively be used in chronic stroke patients. PC025 The Role of Heme Oxygenase on the Protective Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid in an Experimental Model of Parkinson`s Disease 1 1 1 2 Ayşe Özkan , Hande Parlak , Seher Ülker , Sayra Dilmaç , Aysel 1 Ağar 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. AIM: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid for neural functions that resides within the neural membrane. A decline in fatty acid concentration is observed in case of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. The present study is designed to investigate the role of heme oxygenase enzyme in protective effect of DHA administration in experimental Parkinson model elicited by 1Methly-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). METHODS: Three month old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups as: Control (C), DHA-treated (D), MPTPinduced PD (P) and DHA-treated PD (DP). DHA was dissolved in corn oil and daily administered with dose of 36 mg∙kg-1∙day-1 by oral gavage to the mice in D and DP groups for 30 days. On the 23rd day of DHA administration, neurotoxin MPTP was intraperitoneally injected with dose of 4x20mg∙kg-1 at 2-hr intervals. Motor activities of mice were evaluated by locomotor cage and rotarod test on 7th day of the utilization of Parkinson model. The loss of the cells in SN was detected by immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)immunopositive cells. Intensities of the Bcl-2, Bax, HO-2, Nrf-2 proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry, while HO-1 ve HO-2 protein levels were assayed by western blot. PC027 The Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on the Altered Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Experimental Preeclampsia in Rats 1 2 1 Canan Uğur Yılmaz , Nurcan Orhan , Mutlu Küçük , Bülent 3 4 4 5 Ahıshalı , Nadir Arıcan , İmdat Elmas , Candan Gürses , Aydın 1 6 Çevik , Mehmet Kaya 1 Istanbul University, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Animals Science, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Istanbul University, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey 40 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress 3 Istanbul University, Faculty of Istanbul Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Istanbul University, Faculty of Istanbul Medicine, Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 5 Istanbul University, Faculty of Istanbul Medicine, Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey 6 Istanbul University, Faculty of Istanbul Medicine, Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey with patients. Cognitive status of patients and control group measured by Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale comprehension subtest, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Individuals with other chronic diseases and smoking and alcohol habits which may impair cognitive functions were not included in the study. RESULTS: Compared to patients and control groups according to the results obtained from intelligence tests, Wechsler adult intelligence scale and Mini-mental state examination test results were statistically different between the patient and control groups (p<0.001, p=0.001 respectively) CONCLUSIONS:Compared to the test results of the patient and control groups revealed that the impaired cognitive function in patients with end-stage renal failure. Data was analyzed according to the literature. Further studies are needed to clarify the physiological mechanisms of these detected changes. This study is supported by Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit by project number 2015/33. Department of Department of Department of Department of AIM: Preeclampsia is a disorder which is characterized by proteinuria and high blood pressure in women during pregnancy. It is known that a subseptic dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) induces proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative products in brain. In this study supported by Istanbul University Research Fund, we investigated the effects of LPS on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in experimental preeclampsia induced by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in pregnant rats. METHODS: Beginning on the 10th day of gestation, pregnant rats were given L-NAME, diluted in drinking water at 0.5 mg/mL for 10 days to produce arterial hypertension and proteinuria. Animals were pretreated with a single injection of LPS (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on 19th day of pregnancy. Arterial blood pressure and proteinuria were measured on the day of experiment. To show the functional and morphological alterations in BBB integrity, electron microscopic assessment of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) extravasation was performed. RESULTS: Varying degrees of proteinuria were seen and arterial blood pressure increased in L-NAME-treated pregnant rats (p<0.01). Ultrastructurally, frequent vesicles containing HRP reaction products were observed in the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of pregnant rats treated with L-NAME. In these animals, LPS pretreatment caused a further increase in the frequency of HRP reaction product containing vesicles. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of the present study provide evidence that LPS may aggravate the BBB disruption that occurred in preeclamptic conditions in rats, through enhancement of the transcellular transport of molecules across BBB. PC029 Temporal Analysis of Finger-Tapping Test in Individuals over 65 Years of Age: Relation of Motor Function and Energy Consumption 1 2 2 2 Leyla Aydın , Aydın Aydın , Barış Bülbül , Beliz Özkalkan , Cansu 2 2 Özaydın , Ezgi İnaltekin 1 Baskent University Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Ankara, Turkey 2 Student of Baskent University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey OBJECTIVE: Finger-tapping test (FTT) has been used to interpret upper extremity’s motor behavior, and central nervous system circuit’s effect in its control. Herein, we aimed to investigate FTT data in healthy individuals over 65 years of age using a novel approach, to constitute the relation profile between motor behavior and circuit, and energy consumption, and to establish new tools that could be used in follow-up of individual abilities, skill development, and neuromuscular diseases. METHODS: We included 30 (15 females, 15 males) healthy, righthanded volunteers over 65 years of age in our study. FingerTapping Test system was used. The volunteers were asked to tap a predetermined key of keyboard with their right index finger for 10 seconds, with maximum speed. The intertap intervals were analyzed, and behavioral equations were established regarding temporal change of FTT performance. RESULTS: Our study indicated that temporal change in FTT performance displayed a nonlinear, polyphasic behavior, corresponded to a polynomial of degree four (females: R2=0.72, males: R2=0.63). CONCLUSION: Our study suggest that polyphasic temporal behavior in FTT performance might be associated with motor function, neural control mechanism, and energy supply in healthy individuals over 65 years of age, as previously shown in young. Our results indicated that FTT behavior equations might be used as objective tools in follow-up of neuromuscular diseases, and to determine motor skills and abilities in healthy individuals. Additionally, it is important that those evaluations may be made using a low cost, noninvasive, computer based method in a shorter time, without need for a specialized technician. PC028 Investigation of Cognitive Functions with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale’s Comprehension Subtest and Mini-Mental State Examination in Patient with End-Stage Renal Diseases 1 2 3 Mehmet Karaoğlan , Memet Hanifi Emre , Yasemin Demirtaş , 4 4 İdris Şahin , Hülya Taşkapan 1 Mardin Artuklu University School of Health, Department of Nursing, Mardin, Turkey Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey 2 Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey 3 Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Malatya, Turkey 4 Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is a condition characterized by the irreversible loss of kidney function which affects negatively all systems in the body. The present study was designed to reveal the changes in cognitive function and explain the possible mechanisms in patients with CKD. MATERIALS-METHODS: The present study was conducted with 52 peritoneal dialysis patients who admitted to the Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center in the end-stage of CKD and a control group consisting of 52 healthy individuals with similar conditions 41 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC030 The Effect of Exercise Modalities on D-galactose Induced Rat Alzheimer Model 1 2 3 2 Dilek Özbeyli , Gülce Sarı , Naziye Özkan , Betül Karademir , Meral 4 3 1 Yüksel , Serap Şirvancı , Özgür Kasımay 1 Department of Physiology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Histology and Embriology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Department of Vocational School of Health Service, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey tap water (C, n=20), Se deficient diet and water (SE0 group, n=16) or Se-deficient diet and tap water (SE1 group, n=16) for 7 weeks. Rats were weighted weekly. In Morris Water Maze test; the swimming distance to platform (cm), the period of finding the platform or escape latency (sec) and staying on the platform (sec), swimming velocity (cm/sec) of groups were evaluated for 4 days. The duration of being in the target quadrant was measured on the 5th day for memory evaulation. Se values on plasma and hippocampus were measured with inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: Se values on plasma and hippocampus of SE0 and SE1groups were found different comparing to control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the swimming speeds of groups (p=0.004). SE0 group rats underperformed for swimming distance to platform compared to control (p=0.01) and SE1 (p=0.001) groups in 2.,3 and 4.days. Groups showed no statistically significant difference for the duration of being in the target quadrant. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that insufficient Se levels impaired motor function and spatial learning but there were no adverse effects on memory functions in rats. Based on our previous studies, we suggest that Se deficiency impairs cognitive functions with neuron degeneration by causing thyroid metabolism impairment or insufficient antioxidant defense. AIM: The aim of the study to investigate the effect of exercise modalities on D-galactose induced Alzheimer model. METHODS: The study was approved by Animal Care and Use Committee. D-galactose(100 mg/kg) or saline was administered by intraperitoneally to ovariectomised or sham-operated Wistar rats(n=8) and aerobic/1 hour/day (AE; swimming), resistance/8 climbing series (RE; climbing with weight 70%-100% of the body mass on vertical ladder) or combined exercises (aerobic+ resistance/alternately) (CE) were performed for 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Controls were not exercised. Novel object recognition test was performed. Malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathion(GSH), lucigenin, NO levels of brain, circulating IGF-I(Elisa), hippocampal mRNA levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Amyloid precursor protein(APP)695 (RT-PCR) were measured. RESULT: The period which was spent with novel object indicates increase of cognitive function of Alzheimer control group was decreased according to sham control, it was increased in all exercised groups(p<0.05-0.01). Increased MDA levels of the Alzheimer control were decreased via all exercise (p<0.05). Lucigenin levels were risen in Alzheimer control and AE groups (p<0.05). Serum IGF-I levels were increased in exercised groups, while there was an additional increase in Alzheimer RE group (p<0.05-0.01).The increased hippocampal NGF mRNA via Alzheimer were declined by CE (p<0.01-0.001). APP mRNA of Alzheimer control were increased compared to sham control and decreased with CE (p<0,05).Brain NO levels were increased in all Alzheimer groups compared to sham(p<0.01).GSH levels were risen in exercise groups and declined in control Alzheimer group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise modalities may have ameliorative effect in Alzheimer’s disease by reducing oxidative stress. PC032 Investigation of Regenerative Effect of Steroid Hormones on Peripheral Nerve Degeneration 1 2 3 4 Ramazan Üstün , Temel Tombul , İsmail Gülşen , Rabia Eren , 4 4 Şerife Bahtiyar Oğuz , Ömer Berkay Ertürk 1 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Basic Sciences Division Department of Physiology, Van, Turkey 2 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Van, Turkey 3 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of BrainNerve Surgery, Van, Turkey 4 Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey AIM: Researching neuroregenerative effect of steroid hormones with behavioral and electrophysiological testing techniques by forming sciatica nerve mechanical injury model. MATERIALS-METHODS: Experiment (n=14) and control groups (n=14) composed of male and female mice are formed. Sciatica nerve of mice is reached with 2-cm incision parallel to right femur bone and crush injury is carried out with a non-serrated clamp. In experiment group, 0.5 ml of steroid hormone combination including 50-mg Noretisteron enantat ve 5-mg Estradiol valerat/ml is released to tissue space including sciatica nerve. Sciatica nerve is exposed to steroid hormone for 5 minutes. However, control group is applied nothing. Incisional region is closed with suture. Functional evaluation of nerve is made with gait analysis, hot-plate pain threshold and electromyography test. RESULTS: Important difference is not observed between groups at sciatica function index calculation. Pain threshold level of 60-day after-injury experiment group is fairly lower than 60-day control group, when measured hot plate and pain threshold. Also, pain threshold level of 60-day experiment group females is significantly lower than same group males. There isn’t statistical difference when compared to before-injury level. In measurements of Compound muscle action potential CMAPs, there is no difference between groups. Latency value of 60-day after-injury experiment group is lower than control group. Latency value of experiment group females is lower than same group males. There isn’t statistical difference when compared to before-injury level. PC031 The Effect of Selenium Deficiency on Learning and Memory in Adult Rats Ercan Babur, Umut Bakkaloğlu, Ebru Erol, Nurcan Dursun, Cem Süer Department of Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: Selenium (Se) has been recognized as a vital trace element of our diet with numerous beneficial effects on health. Se is required for the expression of Se-dependent enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, iodothyronine deiodinases which are essential for several known major metabolic pathways, including thyroid hormone metabolism and antioxidant defense systems. In this study, we investigated the effect of selenium deficiency on cognitive performance. METHODS: The experiments were carried out on 2 months-old adult male Wistar rats and approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Erciyes University (Erciyes University-14/010). The rats were divided into 3 groups; fed with either standard chow and 42 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress CONCLUSIONS: It is determined that female sex steroids are effective on both sex types at regeneration and restoration of peripheral nerve, and much more effective on females. METHODS: 27 Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as control (SF, 0,5 ml, p.o.), epilepsy (PTZ, 35 mg/kg, 11 injections i.p.; final injection: 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and plant extract+epilepsy treatment (extract, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) groups. After each pentyleneterazol (PTZ) injection the convulsive behavior was observed for 30 min during kindling procedure. Bcl-2, Cyclin B1 and β-Tubulin values in whole brain and hippocampus are investigated with Western blot method. RESULTS: In plant extract administered group, occurrence of epileptic seizure activity was found more retarded compared to PTZ group. There was no significant difference in whole brain and hippocampus for Bcl-2 and Cyclin B1 values between groups. There was a statistically significant difference between control and epilepsy as well as plant+epilepsy groups for β-Tubulin values in hippocampus (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Cichorium intybus plant treatment retarded seizure development. The findings show that the PTZ-induced kindling seizures lower the β tubulin values in hippocampus. No possitive effect of this plant was detected on β-tubulin values. Since there was no significant difference for Bcl-2 and Cyclin B1 values between groups, it requires additional studies about seizure induced cell death in rats. PC033 Assessment of Oxidative Stress Parameters of BDNF Heterozygous Mice in Acute Stress Model 1 2 2 3 Gülay Hacıoğlu , Ayşe Şentürk , İmran İnce , İsmail Abidin 1 Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Giresun, Turkey 2 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey 3 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Trabzon, Turkey AIM: Exposure to stress may be related to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus, high levels of oxidative stress may cause the accumulation of oxidative damage and eventually lead to many neurodegenerative disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to protect neurons against a variety of experimental neurodegenerative conditions. Recently, there has been increasing evidence that alterations in the brain neurotrophic support and in particular in the BDNF expression and its interaction with ROS may be critical for several pathological manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if BDNF has protective effects against stress-induced oxidative damage. METHODS: The BDNF knock-down mouse model was used in this study. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were measured in brain homogenates of BDNF heterozygous and wild type mice in response to acute immobilization stress. RESULTS: Exposure to stress caused significant increase in indicators of oxidative stress in the brain cortexes of BDNF heterozygous and wild type mice. CONCLUSION: The results of current paper indicate that there might be a direct interaction between oxidative stress markers and BDNF levels in the brain, as BDNF-deficient mice were observed to be more vulnerable to stress-induced oxidative damage. PC035 Neuroprotective Role of Delta Opioid Receptors in Hypoxic Preconditioning 1 1 2 Şevin Güney , Sibel Dinçer , Güleser Göktaş , Gülnur Take 2 Kaplanoğlu 1 Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Deaprtment of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Deaprtment of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey AIM: The purpose of the present study was to explore the neuroprotective role of delta opioid receptors (DOR) in rat cortex in hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into eight groups: 1Control (C), 2-Sham (S), 3-Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC), 4-Severe Hypoxia (SH), 5- HPC+SH, 6-HPC+SH+Saline, 7- HPC+SH+ DPDPE (DPDPE, selective DOR agonist), 8- HPC+SH+NT( Naltrindole, selective DOR antagonist). Drugs were administered intracerebroventrically. 24 hours after the end of 3 consecutive day of HPC (%10 O2 for two hours per day), the rats were subjected to severe hypoxia (%7 O2 for three hours). Bcl-2 and cyt-c were measured by western blot and caspase-3 was observed immunohistochemically. One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher LSD test used for statistical analyses. P values less than 0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: Bcl-2 expressions in HPC group were significantly higher than control (p=0,002), SH (p=0,003) and HPC+SH groups (p=0.001). Changes in cyt-c expressions were not significantly different. DPDPE and NT had no significant effect on the bcl-2 and cyt-c expressions. Caspase-3 immunreactivity of cortical neurons and glial cells in SH and HPC+SH+ NT groups were dramatically higher than control and the HPC groups (p<0.001). There was no significant change between SH and HPC+SH+NT. The caspase-3 immunreactivity of neurons and glial cells in HPC+ SH and HPC+SH+DPDPE groups were lower than SH and HPC+SH+ NT groups, but were not than the control and the HPC groups (p<0.001). Caspase-3 immunreactivity in HPC+SH+DPDPE group was lower than HPC+SH group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cortical cells are resistant to apoptosis via increased expression of bcl-2 and PC034 Effects of Cichorium Intybus Extract on Seizure Development, Bcl2, Siklin B1 ve β-Tubulin Levels in Pentylenetetrazole-Kindling Model of Epilepsy in Rats 1 2 1 Özlem Ergül Erkeç , İsmail Meral , Mehmet Kara , Abdurrahim 3 4 3 Koçyiğit , Metin Armağan , Ömer Faruk Özer 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Department of Science, Faculty of Education, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey AIMS: Epilepsy is defined as a continuous tendency to produce seizures in brain and a disorder consisting of neurobiologic, cognitive, psychological and social consequences. The extract obtained by decoction of Cichorium intybus root is used for treating epilepsy in folk medicine in Bitlis and Van regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Cichorium intybus root aqueous extract on seizure development. 43 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress lowered immunreactivity of caspase-3 in the cortex and DOR is involved in neuroprotection induced by hypoxic preconditioning via caspase-3 pathway in cortical neurons. months-old) Wistar albina rats were established as follows: Group #1. Control (%1 etanol-PBS, sc), Group #2. Dimethylsulphoxite (DMSO: 100μl/bw, ip), Group #3. Melatonin (MEL:10mg/kg, sc), Group #4.Curcumin (CUR: 30mg/kg, ip), Group #5. MEL+CUR, Group #6. Salermide (SLM: 100μmol/μl, ip) and Group #7. MEL+SLM. Rats were given ad libitum access to food and water and kept on artificial light/dark rhythm of 12 h. Drug injections were done at 5:00 p.m for 30 days. The protein expressions were assayed by Western blotting. The protein expression level of SIRT2 was calculated as the percentage of beta-actin level. One-way ANOVA and LSD were used for statistical evaluation. The p values lower than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: The SIRT2 expression levels in all experimental groups (Groups #2-7: 132,95±38,71%; 138,04±6,19%; 110,46±10,91%; 91,52±15,56%; 69,39±5,66% and 90,68±4,80%, respectively) were significantly lower than that of the control group (Group#1) (215,96±0.45%) (p<0.05). Salermide (Group #6) and curcumin (Group #4) caused a significant decrease of SIRT2 expression when compared to DMSO and MEL (Groups #2 and #3) (p<0.05). Exogenous melatonin (Group #3) increased the SIRT2 expression levels when used in combination with either curcumin (Group #5) or salermide (Group #7) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: i. Salermide was used as SIRT2 inhibitor in-vitro, however in our study the effect of salermide is shown as in vivo. ii. Our data has shown that melatonin which is known for its neuro-protective effects and curcumin decrease the expression level of SIRT2 in hippocampus. The protective effects of melatonin and curcumin in hippocampal region might have appeared by decreasing SIRT2 expression. PC036 The Role of Adenosine Triphosphate and its Receptors in Migraine Pathophysiology 1 2 2 Erkan Kılınç , Kseniia Koroleva , Cindy Guerrero Toro , Fatma 3 2 Töre , Rashid Giniatullin 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2 A.I.Virtanen Institute,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey AIM: Migraine is a neurovascular disease characterized by recurrent headache. The dura mater plays a key role in the pathophysiology of headaches. Activation of the trigeminal afferent neurons innervating meninges is first stage in the induction of migraine pain. ATP is not only an intracellular energy source but it also serves as a neurotansmitter or cotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. It is known that ATP plays a key role in the tranmission of somatic pains. ATP may also lead to pain via its purinoceptors in visceral structures such as the dura mater, thus this notion is the basis of our hypothesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of ATP and its receptors in migraine pathophysiology. METHODS: Ex-vivo meningeal preparation was prepared using isolated hemiskulls obtained from adult Wistar rats (n=9, totally 18 hemiskulls, 130-170 g). ATP (100 µM) was alone applied to bath solution of meningeal preparation. α-β MeATP (20 µM) agonist of P2X2, P2X3, P2X2/3 receptors was applied alone or with the blocker of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors A-317491 (10 µM). Nociceptive firing in trigeminal nerve was recorded using suction electrode technique. Data were analyzed with paired t-test using Origin 8.5 software. RESULTS: ATP and α-βMeATP induced strong nociceptive firing in trigeminal nerve endings, respectively (p<0,05). A-317491 blocked the nociceptive firing induced by the α-β MeATP (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: Our data showed that ATP is also related in visceral pains such as migraine headache and the nociceptive firing induced by ATP in meninges is mediated by its P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors. Antagonists of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors may be new treatment options for migraine headache. PC038 Effects of the Environmental Enrichment on Learning and Memory in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats 1 2 3 Mehmet Öz , Enver Ahmet Demir , Hasan Serdar Gergerlioğlu , 4 5 Kısmet Esra Nurullahoğlu Atalık , Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya 1 Mevlana University, School of Health Services, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Turkey 2 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey 3 Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey 4 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Konya, Turkey 5 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey PC037 The Effect of Melatonin, Curcumin and Salermide on Sirt2 expression Level of Hippocampus in Middle Aged Rats 1 1 2 Kazime Gonca Akbulut , Arzu Keskin Aktan , Çiğdem Yazıcı Mutlu , 3 Hakan Akbulut 1 Gazi University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Ankara University, Institute of Health Sciences Department of Interdisciplinary Neuro Science, Ankara, Turkey 3 Ankara University. Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine / Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Recent researches suggest that consuming a high-fat diet leads to the cognitive impairments. Contrariwise, enriched environment improves learning and memory processes through enhancing the synaptic plasticity. In the present study, effects of the environmental enrichment on learning and memory performances of high-fat diet-fed rats have been investigated. METHODS: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups (for each n=8) as control (K), high-fat diet-fed (YY), and high-fat diet-fed and subjected to enriched environment (YE). For 30 days, K and YY groups were housed in the standard cages, whereas YE group was housed in an enriched environment containing toys and hiding places. The Morris swimming test was conducted to evaluate learning and memory. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups for the swimming velocity and distance travelled in the training trials (p>0.05). The latency to find the escape platform was higher in YY group compared with others in the last session of the training (p<0.05). The time passed in the target quadrant and number of AIM: The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of salermide, exogenous melatonin and curcumin on protein expression level of SIRT2 of hippocampal regions in middle-aged rats. MATERIALS-METHODS: Following the approval of ethical committee, the seven experimental groups of middle-aged (13 44 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress passages over the platform area were greater in K and YE groups than YY group in the probe trial (p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: To the results, the environmental enrichment improves the impairments in learning and memory provoked by the high-fat diet. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Grant acquired (S.U. BAP #14401047). Department, Kutahya, Turkey 6 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Histology-Embriology Department, Kutahya, Turkey 7 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Pathology Department, Kutahya, Turkey 8 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Orthopedics Department, Kutahya, Turkey PC039 Relationship of Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Transforming Growth Factor Βeta-1 1 2 3 Deniz Gökpınar , Hatice Köse Özlece , Sergülen Aydın , Orhan 1 4 5 6 Akyüz , Faik İlik , Gönül Zişan Şahin , Serpil Can 1 Kars State Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Kars, Turkey 2 Kafkas University, Department of Neurology, Kars, Turkey 3 Kafkas Univesity, Department of Family Medicine, Kars, Turkey. 4 Mevlana University, Department of Neurology, Konya, Turkey 5 Kafkas Univesity, Department of Medical Biology Kars, Turkey 6 Kafkas Univesity, Department of Physiology, Kars, Turkey. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of taurine on possible I/R related changes in rat sciatic nerve tissue. MATERIALS-METHODS: A total of 32 Spraque Dawley male rats weighing between 250 and 300 grams were equally and randomly divided into four groups as follows: control, sham, I/R and taurine+I/R. In the last group, taurine was intraperitoneally administered at 200 mg/kg dose prior to the ischemia period. Sciatic nerve tissues were bilaterally excised following the IR process. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were measured. Sciatic nerve tissues were histopathologically and immunohistochemically (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling, TUNEL; inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS; and proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA) examined. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation has indicated taurine decreased the sciatic nerve damage and apoptosis (p<0.05). Morever, taurine has also decreased MDA and NO levels and the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) positive cells(p<0.05), but significantly increased SOD, GPx and CAT enzymatic activities, (p<0.05). When compaired with I/R group. CONCLUSION: In the light of the findings should donate that 200 mg/kg taurine has protective effects against the sciatic nerve I/R injuries. AIM: Lumbar spinal stenosis is the most common cause of low back pain in the elderly. Lumbar spinal canal stenosis develops as a result of degenerative changes in the posterior canal including bone proliferation of the facet joints and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. With this study, We aimed to contribute to the literature by demonstrating that ligamentum flavum hypertrophy in lumbar spinal stenosis may be directed by increased concentrations of TGF-β1, at the stenosis site. METHODS: In our study, TGF-βl concentrations in the ligamentum flavum samples taken from patients with lumbar disk hernia and lumbar spinal stenosis during surgical intervention. In addition, thickness of ligamentum flavum in these patients was calculated by averaging the lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tissue thickness, and all these results were statistically compared among the patients. Average values of the two groups were evaluated from non-parametric tests using Kruskal-Wallis Variance Analysis. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. The tests were performed using SPSS 11.0 software. RESULTS: Ligamentum flavum thickness values in two groups were 3.46±1 mm in lumbar disk hernia and 5.63±1.35 mm in lumbar spinal stenosis and the differences were statistically significant (p=0.000). Group averages of Transforming Growth Factor β -1 were 1676.47±642 pg/g in lumbar disk hernia and 6816.68±5147.57 pg/g in lumbar spinal stenosis. The average difference in these results was considered statistically significant (p=0.000). CONCLUSİONS: In conclusion, we demonstrated in our study that TGF-β1 has an effect on ligamentum flavum hypertrophy in lumbar spinal stenosis. PC041 The Effect of Apelin-13 on Penicillin-Induced Epileptiform Activity in Rats 1 2 3 Durmuş Uçar , Gökhan Arslan , Sabiha Kübra Alıcı , Mustafa 1 1 Ayyıldız , Erdal Ağar 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey AIM: Epilepsy is the most common and chronic neurological disorder that involves sudden, excessive, synchronized and abnormal electrical discharges. Since many neuropeptides and neurotransmitters play role in epileptic activity, endogenous protective neuropeptides are of increased interest area in recent years. Experimental studies show that apelin-13 has neuroprotective role in brain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of apelin-13 on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. METHODS: In this study, 49 Wistar albino male rats (180-240 g) were divided into seven groups: control (penicillin) and apelin-13 with different doses as 1 μg, 5 μg, 10 μg, 15 μg, 30 μg and 60 μg groups (n=7). The animals under urethane anesthesia (1.25 g/kg, i.p.) were placed to stereotaxic device for electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording. After drilling 2 holes on skull using a hand drill, the recording electrode (screw) were placed into the holes and connected to the PowerLab data acquisition system. The various of apelin doses were injected intracerebroventricularly 30 minutes PC040 Investigation of the Effects of Taurine on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rat Sciatic Nerve Tissue 1 2 3 4 Ayşegül Küçük , Filiz Özyiğit , Sezer Akcer , Murat Tosun , Fatma 5 6 7 8 Emel Koçak , Ahmet Koçak , Cengiz Koçak , Hasan Metineren , 1 Osman Genç 1 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Kutahya, Turkey 2 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Pharmacology Department, Kutahya, Turkey 3 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Anatomy Department, Kutahya, Turkey 4 Afyon Kocatepe University, Medical Faculty, Histology-Embriology Department, Kutahya, Turkey 5 Dumlupınar University, Medical Faculty, Biochemistry 45 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress after penicillin (i.c., 500 IU, 2.5 μl) injection. The data obtained were compared by One-Way ANOVA with Post-Hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: Apelin-13, at doses of 1 μg, 5 μg and 60 μg, did not alter the mean frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity; whereas apelin-13, at doses of 10 μg, 15 μg and 30 μg, increased frequency of epileptiform activity without changing amplitude. The dose of 15 μg was the most effective dose of apelin-13. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study apelin-13 was demonstrated to increase epileptiform activity, suggesting proconvulsant action for apelin-13 in the experimental penicillin model of epilepsy. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the mechanism on how this effect has occurred. PC043 The Effect of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist AM-251 on Spike Wave Discharges in WAG/Rij Rat 1 2 3 3 Hatice Aygün , Gökhan Arslan , Mustafa Ayyıldız , Erdal Ağar 1 Gaziosmanpaşa University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Tokat, Turkey 2 Cumhuriyet University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Sivas, Turkey 3 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Samsun, Turkey AIM: Experimental studies show that cannabinoid system has an important role in epilepsy. Genetically epileptic WAG/Rij rats develop spontaneous absence-like seizures after 3 months of age. In this study, WAG/Rij rats were used to examine whether absence seizures are associated with the cannabinoid (CB1) receptors antagonist, AM-251. METHODS: Tripolar electrodes were placed on skull in order to perform ECoG evaluation. Following the recovery period, ECoGs were recorded at 09:00 am for 3 hours every day. Subsequently, saline (Group I; 1 μl), dimethyl sulfoxide (Group II: 1 μl), AM-251 (Group III: 0.125 μg), AM-251 (Group IV: 0.25 μg), AM-251 (Group V: 0.50 μg) and AM-251 (Group VI: 1 μg) were administered intracerebroventricularly. After injection, ECoGs were recorded for another 3 hours. The total number, the total duration, the number of spikes per cluster and the amplitude of the spike-wave discharges (SWDs) were calculated offline in every ten minutes. RESULT: Low doses of AM-251 (0.125 μg and 0.25 μg) reduced the total number, the total duration and the number of spikes per cluster of SWDs, without changing the amplitude while high dose of AM-251 (0.50 μg) significantly increased the parameters (p<0,05). AM-251, at a dose of 1 μg, did not alter any of these parameters (p>0.05). All doses of AM-251 did not cause any significance change on amplitudes in all groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cannabinoids affect multiple channel and receptors systems, simultaneously. Therefore, it is difficult to reveal in which system cannabinoids show their effects on epilepsy. It might be concluded that low doses of AM-251 may reduce absence seizures via increasing TRPV1 channel activation, whereas the high doses of AM-251 may increase absence seizures by activating serotonin 5-HT1A receptor. PC042 The Effects of Oral Nicotine Administration through Generations on Conditioned Place Preferance Müzeyyen Uğur, Sinem Demirel Balcı, Lütfiye Kanıt, Hasibe Şahin Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Izmir, Turkey INTRODUCTION: Tobacco dependence is the most common addiction type around the world. The nicotine found in tobacco cause plasticity in the brain and its addictive effects transferred genetically are known. Therefore understanding the mechanisms of addiction to nicotine, is important for the development of new treatment strategies. AIM: The project aiming to produce “nicotine-sensitive and nicotine-resistant rat strains” through selective breeding of rats according to their oral nicotine consumption is still ongoing in Ege University Brain Research Center. In this study rats were caged individually and nicotine was administered orally. Nicotine and saccharin were offered to rats and at the end of the six-week follow-up period of nicotine preference of rats was determined. In this poster, we present a study in which 12-week-old 10th generation male and female rats that never consumed nicotine were used. Aim of this study is to demonstrate possible the effects of parental nicotine consumption on the offspring’s addiction parameters. MATERIAL METHOD and RESULTS: For this purpose, we performed a conditioned place preference experiment as it is the most common setup for testing the rewarding effects of potential drugs of abuse in animal models. Rats used in this study were classified into four groups according to their parental nicotine preference as males and females which have minimum and maximum comsuption. Naive male and female rats were used as controls.In conditional place preference test, all animals that had parents belonging to either the minimum or the maximum consumption group were injected 0.2 mg/kg nicotine, animals in the control group were injected with saline. At the end of 5-day conditioning protocol, maximum consumption group showed a markedly increased preference for nicotine-paired chamber whereas minimum consumption group showed a decreased preference [F(1,35) = 4,363, p<0.05]; these observations were true for both sexes. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: Although all the test animals in the study were given the same amount of nicotine, the offspring of parents with different nicotine sensitivity and resistance profiles showed significantly different conditioned place preference. In conclusion, we have shown that the offspring of rats with high nicotine consumption have greater tendency for nicotine addiction. PC044 Assesment of Superior Colliculus with a Stereological Method in Audiogenic Epilepsy-Prone Wistar Rats 1 2 3 2 Seval Keloğlan , Niyazi Taşçı , Süleyman Kaplan , Cafer Marangoz 1 Amasya University School of Health, Amasya, Turkey 2 Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Samsun, Turkey 3 Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Samsun, Turkey AIM: Audiogenic seizures are generated in the brainstem and involve inferior and superior colliculi for their expression. The aim of this present study, total number of neurons in the superior colliculus was investigated by a stereologic method in genetically audiogenic epilepsy-prone Wistar rats. METHODS: Firstly all rats were tested for audiogenic epilepsy. Ten female Wistar rats, weighing 180-220 g were divided into two groups: control (n=5) and audiogenic epilepsy (n=5) groups The animals were anesthetized with urethane (1.25 g/kg; i.p.) and perfused through the left cardiac ventricule with 10% formalin. The brains were removed from the cranium and seperated to the right and the left hemispheres in all groups. The brains were 46 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress 2 sectioned at 40 μm thickness and stained with cresyl violet. The total number of neurones were estimated in the right and left superior colliculus in both groups by using stereological optical fractionator method. RESULTS: The total number of neurones in the superior colliculus was statistically lower in the right side of epileptic group compared with control (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between right and left side epileptic group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It has been figured out that cellular mechanisms have a significant role in audiogenic epilepsy. The fact that the number of neurons is significantly less according to the control at right superior colliculus makes us to think that this area is likely to be effective to trigger the onset of seizure activity. Mustafa Kemal University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hatay, Turkey 3 Mustafa Kemal University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey 4 Mustafa Kemal University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Hatay, Turkey 5 Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts Faculty, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Vitamin B complexes are widely used on peripheral nerve traumas in clinical practice. However, in the literature there isn't scientific data that we can get on this subject. In this study, we investigated the effect of vitamin B complexes to nerve healing in rats formed peripheral nerve paralysis. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. As nerve repair models Group 1 and 2: About 1 cm distal to sciatic notch to the blunt trauma; Group 3 and 4: Nerve injury; Grup 5 and 6: Autograft was made to these groups. Study groups (Group 2, 4 and 6) were injected intraperitoneally vitamin B complex (0.2 ml/day). Control groups (Group 1, 3 and 5) received normal saline (0.2 ml/day). At the end of 30 days the study was terminated to measure conduction velocity of nerve by electromyography (EMG). Then the nerve tissue from repair line was retrieved. Histopathological samples were stained with Hematoxyline-Eosin, Toluidine blue. Myelination, fibrosis, edema, mast cell density were assessed pathologically in the nervous tissue. RESULTS: According to evaluation of EMG and histopathology, Vitamin B-complex was determined that there wasn't positive effect on nerve regeneration in groups of the blunt trauma, nerve incision and autograft as compared to control groups (p>0.05) (Table 1). CONCLUSION: After nerve trauma, local edema develops due to increased vascular permeability and blood flow decreases. In conclusion ischemia and Wallerian degeneration develops. Vitamin B deficiency may cause many different pathological situations including convulsions, carpal tunnel syndrome and chronic pain. This case suggests that vitamin B- complexes are necessary for normal function of the nervous system. In the literature it has been reported that vitamin B gives beneficial results without lack of vitamin B-complex in many pathological conditions especially such as painful diseases. Pyridoxine and thiamine relieve the pain associated with neuropathic disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome and tension before menstruation. However, we obtained data that vitamin B-complex hasn’t changed nerve recovery in three trauma models. PC045 The Effects of Atorvastatin on Neuropathologic Changes in Diabetic Rats Induced by STZ 1 1 1 Kadriye Akgün Dar , Neslihan Ferak , Ayşegül Kapucu , Gülay 2 Üzüm 1 Istanbul Üniversity, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Istanbul Medicine Faculty, Physiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Oxidative stress, disorders of glucose, cholesterol metabolism and insulin signalization in central nervous system, formation of beta-amyloid plaques are that occur in hippocampus of brain in Alzheimer and diabetes and cognitive functions may be impaired. Neuroprotective effect and positive effect on cognitive function of atorvastatin have been shown. However, atorvastatin effect on cognitive function in diabetes has not been studied. Our aim is to study atorvastatin effects on neuropathological changes in streptozotocine (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: 36 adult male Wistar albino rats examined as 1-Saline control group (n=8); 2-Diabetes group (n=10): single dose STZ (65 mg/kg, i.p.) 3-Diabetes+Atorvastatin group (n=10): Atorvastatin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment during 10 days after 15 days diabetes induced 4- Atorvastatin control group (n=8) (20 mg/kg, i.p.). After treatment, the rats were trained by passive avoidance test. 48 and 72 hours after electrical stimulation were evaluated long-term memory retention by observing the latency. β-amyloid, S100B, nitrite-nitrate levels were assessed in plasma and hippocampus. Nitric-oxide-synthase (NOS) isoforms were examined in hippocampus. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant, after one-way variance analysis of data with post-test. RESULTS: In the diabetes group in the hippocampus and plasma βamyloid formation increased and the memory deteriorated. βamyloid and S100B levels decreased in hippocampus in diabetes+atorvastatin group (p<0.001). Plasma nitrite-nitrate levels increased (p<0.05), S100B levels decreased (p<0.001). In hippocampus iNOS experession decreased while eNOS increased. Also, retention latency time was delayed in diabetes+atorvastatin group at 48 hours (p<0.01) and 72 hours (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin improved the long-term memory by preventing the formation of β-amyloid plaque, increasing eNOS and maintaining blood- brain barrier in the diabetic rats. PC047 The Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Antiapoptotic and Insulin Secretion in β-cell with Type-I Diabetes Mellitus-Induced by Streptozotocin 1 2 1 Eylem Taşkın Güven , Celal Güven , Şahin Yeşildağ , Müfide 3 1 1 4 Ahbab , Talar Cilacı , Özge Özdemir , Türkan Merdol 1 Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey 3 Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey 4 Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey PC046 Investigation of the Efficacy of Vitamin B Complexes on Peripheral Nerve Injuries Treatments in Experimental Models 1 2 3 Metin Temel , Hasan Gökçe , Recep Dokuyucu , İbrahim 4 5 3 Kahraman , Abdurrahman Akdağ , Fatih Sefil 1 Mustafa Kemal University, School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases characterized by loss of insulin producing beta cells. Oxidative stress is the most important mechanism of its pathogenesis. Zinc is one of trace element in the body. Although zinc effect on insulin secretion is still unclear, it may have an important role to insulin packing and secretion. The aim of the study was to investigate 47 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress 5.33,9.49,16.87,30.0 Pascal. CONCLUSIONS: Increased erythrocyte aggregation and decreased red blood cell deformability in SH patients indicate adversely affected circulation in these children. The positive correlation between CAIMT and deformability is also compatible with these results. Since our data show increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in SH, treatment of these children may be suggested as an appropriate approach. This study was supported by PAU Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (2014HZL002). whether zinc is able to increase insulin secretion by its antiapoptotic and antioxidants properties or not. METHODS: The current study was used to human β-cell line. Total 4 groups were created as control (C) Zinc supplementation (C+Z), Diabetes (D), Diabetes+Zinc (D+Z). After diabetes was created by using streptozotocin (20 mM), zinc in medium (0.1 mM) was incubated for twenty-four hours. Protein was isolated to measure some apoptotic proteins and insulin secretion. Total oxidant and antioxidant status were measured then oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by using TOS/TAS. Immunofluorescence imaging was done to determine of insulin and actin distribution at beta cell. RESULTS: Diabetes caused to increase OSI by increasing TOS (p<0,05). The TOS of D+Z group was high to versus both of C and C+Z groups. However, D was initiated to apoptosis by alteration of cytochrome-c, p53, caspase-3 protein levels. D+Z was decrease to loss β-cell by restoration of cytochrome-c, p53 caspase-3 protein levels. The insulin secretion of D group was lower versus control. But the insulin secretion of D+Z was high compared to diabetic groups. CONCLUSION: Diabetes leads to diminish to insulin secretion making to lose β-cell by apoptosis. β-cell at zinc supplementation after diabetes gives rise to elevate to insulin secretion through the protection of β-cell by decreasing apoptotic proteins. PC049 Effects on Learning and Memory of Olive Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats 1 1 2 1 İrem Hüzmeli , Recep Dokuyucu , Oğuzhan Özcan , Hatice Doğan , 1 1 1 1 Okan Tutuk , Atakan Öztürk , Fatih Sefil , Cemil Tümer 1 Mustafa Kemal Universty, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey 2 Mustafa Kemal Universty, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Hatay, Turkey AIM: We aimed to investigate the effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) on learning and memory by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS-METHODS: 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups; control group, streptozotocin-induced diabetic group, and treatment groups: STZ+olive leaf extract (OLE) and OLE+STZ group (OLE was given 2 days before streptozotocin injection). We used olive leaf which we collected from Hatay. STZ+OLE group was given olive leaf extract (OLE) by oral gavage for 6 weeks (0.5 g/kg/day, respectively).OLE+STZ group received OLE for 2 days before create diabetes then a daily single dose of 50 mg/kg OLE was given by oral gavage for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks Morris water maze was performed during one week. Blood samples were collected after the sacrifice by cardiac puncture and glucose levels were measured in autoanalyzer. Hippocampal tissues are removed then oxidative stress parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured from hippocampus samples. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in body weight between days after study in diabetic group (p <0.05). Blood glucose level were found to be decreased in OLE+STZ group compared to other groups (p <0.05). Latency to find the platform was measured to be decreased in other groups compared to diabetes group (p <0.05). There was a significant decrease in the distance to find the platform in the fifth day compared to diabetes group in other groups (p=0.001). Velocity was measured to be decreased only in OLE+STZ group (p<0.05).MDA levels was found increased in diabetes group compared to control group and It was measured decreased in treatment groups compared to diabetic group (p=0.01). There was a greater decrease in MDA levels in OLE+STZ group compared to other treatment group (p <0.05). Catalase, GPX, and SOD levels were measured to be decreased in the diabetic group compared to other groups (p =0.01). SOD and GPx levels was found to be increased in OLE+STZ group compared to other treatment group (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: The ameliorating effect of olive extract on oxidative stress is more effective specially receiving it before diabetes mellitus. Additionally use at olive leaf extract in pre-diabetes and diabetes can lead to possitive effects on learning and memory. Our study was supported by Mustafa Kemal Universty Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.(no:11223). PC048 Investigation of Hemorheological Parameters and Determination of the Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with Subclinical Hypothyroidism 1 2 3 Yasemin Isik Balci , Sebahat Agladıoglu , Kadir Agladıoglu , Emine 4 4 2 1 Kilic Toprak , Ozgen Kilic Erkek , Bayram Ozhan , Aziz Polat , Melek 4 Bor Kucukatay 1 Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Denizli, Turkey 2 Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Denizli, Turkey 3 Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Denizli, Turkey 4 Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Denizli, Turkey AIM: Subclinical hypothroidism (SH) is defined as elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration associated with normal serum free thyroxine (fT4) levels. Over treatment of SH causes osteoporosis and arrhythmia. Treatment indication of SH in pediatric population is controversial. In order to contribute to the solution of this problem, we aimed determining hemorheological alterations and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CAIMT) in SH. METHODS: 53 SH children (mean age 9.2±0.5 years), 31 healthy controls (mean age 7.1±0.9 years) were enrolled. Erythrocyte deformability, aggregation were determined by a laser assisted ectacytometer (LORCA) at different shear stress and plasma viscosity (PV) by a cone-plate rotational viscometer at a shear rates of 375 s-1. CAIMT was evaluated sonographically. RESULTS: Erythrocyte deformability of SH group measured at 0.53,1.69-30 Pascal were lower, than control. Erythrocyte aggregation index, aggregation half time and PV were not significantly different between the groups. However, aggregation amplitude (AMP), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and CAIMT were significantly higher SH compared to the control group. There was a positive correlation between CAIMT and deformability values measured at 0.53 Pascal and negative correlation between TSH and deformability values measured at 48 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress (9,68 ± 1,55nmol/g tissue), TBARs levels increased significantly. When 7th day of IGF-1 treated group (0.15 ± 0.03μmol/g tissue) was compared with 7th day of the untreated group (0.12 ± 0.01μmol/g tissue), GSH levels increased significantly. However, when 7th day of IGF-1 treated group (34.33 ± 8.43μmol/g tissue) was compared with 7th day of the untreated group (205.78 ± 8.91μmol/g tissue) decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: It is thought IGF-1 which is applied topically to diabetic wounds can be protective against oxidative stress. This work was supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Commission. (05/2013-09) PC050 Comparison of NOx and TBARs Levels during Wound Healing in Normal and Hyperglycemia Rats 1 2 Kaan Kaltalıoğlu , Şule Coşkun Cevher 1 Giresun University, Espiye Vocational School, Giresun, Turkey 2 Gazi University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) is one of the most important factors that affects wound healing. It is suggested that diabetes impairs the antioxidant capacity and effect on oxidative events. Thus, we aimed to compare nitric oxide (NOx) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) levels during wound healing on normal and hyperglycemia rats. METHODS: All animal experimental procedures were approved by the Gazi University Local Ethics Commitee for Animal Experiments. Animals were divided into four groups: normal-control (n=6), hyperglycemia-control (n=6), normal-wound (n=6) and hyperglycemia-wound (n=6). Hyperglycemia groups were injected single dose streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally (55 mg/kg). For confirmation of diabetes, blood glucose was measured after 3 days of STZ injection. Two uniform full-thickness excisional skin wounds were made under anesthesia in all animals except control groups. In the wound tissues, NOx and TBARs levels were measured spectrophotometrically on day 7. Mean differences were compared by Anova Variance Analysis (ANOVA). RESULTS: In the hyperglycemia groups, the blood glucose level was 310-449 mg/dl. The results of NOx and TBARs levels are shown in Table-1. CONCLUSIONS: In the hyperglycemia groups, NOx levels significantly decreased when compared with the normal groups. In various studies, it has been suggested that diabetes caused a decrease NOx levels. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia may have altering effects on NOx levels during wound healing. PC052 Determination of Cytotoxicity Properties of Newly Synthesized Chalcone-Cyclophosphazene Compounds against Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines 1 2 2 1 Suat Tekin , Kenan Koran , Furkan Özen , Süleyman Sandal , 2 Ahmet Orhan Görgülü 1 Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey 2 Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Elazig, Turkey AIM: Phosphorous-nitrogen double bond containing compounds is called as phosphazene. The phosphazenes and chalcone derivates were recently found to be effective on various cancer types [1-3]. The present study was designed to investigate effects of the chalcone-phosphazene compounds on human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). METHODS: In the present study, chalcone-phosphazene compounds (chemical formula: compound 1; 2,2,4,4-(4'-oxy-3chlorochalcone)-6,6-bis[spiro(2',2"-dioxy-1',1"biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene(C72H51O10ClN3P3), compound 2;2,2,4,4-(4'-oxy-4- chlorochalcone)-6,6-bis[spiro(2',2"-dioxy-1',1"biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene (C72H51O10ClN3P3), compound 3;2,2,4,4-(4'-oxy-3-bromochalcone)-6,6-bis[spiro(2',2"-dioxy-1',1"biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene (C72H51O10BrN3P3) and compound 4;2,2,4,4-(4'-oxy-4-bromochalcone)-6,6-bis[spiro(2',2"dioksi-1',1"-biphenylyl)] cyclotriphosphazene (C72H51O10BrN3P3) were synthesized by the interaction of 2,2,4,4-tetrachloro-6,6bis[spiro(2',2"-dioxy-1',1"-biphenylyl)] cyclotriphosphazene with chalcone compounds in presence K2CO3. Anti-tumor activities of these chalcone-phosphazene compounds in different concentrations on PC-3 cells were determined by using [3-(4,5dimethylthiazol)-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay method. RESULTS: At 100 µM concentrations of the compounds 1 and 2 significantly reduced the percentage of viability of PC-3 cells (p<0.01). At 50 and100 µM concentrations of the compounds 3 and 4 significantly reduced the percentage of viability of PC-3 cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results displayed that cyclophosphazene bearing chalcone compounds may be useful for anticancer drug development in the future. Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the Firat University Research Found for financial support of this work (Project no: FF.12.17). References [1] Görgülü A.O., et al. (2015). Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Anti-Carcinogenic Activity of New Cyclotriphosphazenes Containing Dioxybiphenyl and Chalcone Groups", Journal of Molecular Structure, 1087, 1-10. [2] Tekin S, et al. (2014). Determination of Antitumor Properties of Synthesized Chalcone-Phosphazenes Containing Dioxybiphenyl PC051 The Effect of the Insulin like Growth Factor-1 Applied to Dorsolateral Excisional Wounds of the Diabetic Rats on Oxidative Parameters Ahsen Ece Kuş, Şule Coskun Cevher Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey AIM: It is asserted that one of the most important complications of the increased oxidative stress and declining growth factors in diabetes is the delay in wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate time-dependent effects of topical Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) administration on oxidative parameters during dorsolateral excisional wounds healing in diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was created by injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (ip, 60 mg/kg). Rats were divided into four main groups: control (n=6), untreated group (n=6), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (n=12) and BSA+IGF-1 (n=12). While they were under anesthesia, two full-thickness dorsolateral excisional wounds were made all rats except for control group. In IGF-1 treated groups, wounds were treated topically with single daily dose BSA+IGF-1 (1.5ng/ml). After these administrations, on the 3rd and 7th days of healing, rats were sacrificed and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), nitric oxide (NOx) and glutathione (GSH) were measured by spectrophotometric method. Results were compared with Anova Analysis of Variance(p<0.05) and expressed as arithmetic means±standard deviation. RESULTS: When 3rd day of IGF-1 treated groups (71,46 ± 4,44nmol/g tissue) was compared with 3rd day of untreated group 49 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC054 Investigation of Anti-Carcinogenic Properties of 2-(2,3,4trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(substituephenyl) Acrylonitrile and 7,8dihydroxy-1-(substituephenyl) Coumarine Compounds against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines 1 2 2 2 Suat Tekin , Kenan Koran , Furkan Özen , Ahmet Orhan Görgülü , 1 Süleyman Sandal 1 Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey 2 Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Elazig, Turkey Groups Against PC-3 and LNCaP Cell Lines, Acta Physiologica, 211(Supplement s697), 74. [3] Tekin S, et al. (2014). New Synthesized Phosphazenes Containing Chalcone on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines: An In Vitro Study, Acta Physiologica, 211(Supplement s697), 74-75. PC053 The Effect of Bongardia Chrysogonum on Prostate Tissue in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes 1 2 3 Recep Dokuyucu , Oğuzhan Özcan , Nebihat Kaplan Sefil , Ahmet 4 5 Nacar , Mehmet İnci 1 Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 4 Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey 5 Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Coumarin derivatives are found naturally in many plants. Recently, these compounds are important among natural compounds because of various biological activities. In this study, substitue phenylacrylonitrile and dihydroxyphenyl coumarine compounds were conducted to investigate the effects on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). METHODS: In the present study, phenylacrylonitrile compounds [chemical formula: compound 1; 2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3methylphenyl)acrylonitrile (C19H19NO3) and compound 2; 2(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4methylphenyl) acrylonitrile (C19H19NO3)] were synthesized according to the Knoevenagel condensations protocol. Compound 3 [chemical formula: 7,8dihydroxy-1-(3-methylphenyl)coumarin (C16H12O4)] was synthesized from the reaction of compound 1 with pyridinium hydrochloride in the presence silica gel by using microwave. Compound 4 [7,8-dihydroxy-1-(4-methylphenyl)coumarin (C16H12O4)], were synthesized by the interaction of compound 2 with pyridinium hydrochloride in the presence silica gel by using microwave. The cytotoxicity effects of these compounds in the different concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 µM) were determined against MCF-7 cell lines by using MTT ([3-(4,5dimethylthiazol)-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide]) assay method. RESULTS: At 100 µM concentrations of the compounds 1, 2 and 4 significantly reduced the percentage of viability of MCF-7cells (p<0.01). At 50 and 100 µM concentrations of compound 3 significantly reduced the percentage of viability of MCF-7 cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study results displayed that phenylacrylonitrile (1 and 2) and dihydroxyphenyl coumarine (3 and 4) compounds have anti-carcinogenic properties and they may be useful for anticancer drug development in the future. Acknowledgments: This work is supported by The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project Number: 110T652). The authors are grateful to the Research Fund of the TUBITAK for their support. AIM: Recently, It has been shown in studies that Diabetes has a direct effect on development of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia on prostate tissue. Bongardia chrysogonum (cracks grass) is a tuberous plant used for some diseases (urinary tract, prostate disease and hemorrhoids, etc) among people in Southeast Anatolia. In this study, the effect of Bongardia Chrysogonum on prostate tissue in experimental rat model of Streptozotocin (STZ)induced diabetes was investigated. METHODS: Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group (C) was control rats; the second group (B) received B.Chrysogonum; the third group (D) received STZ-induced diabetes; the fourth group (D+B) received STZinduced diabetes and was treated with B.chrysogonum. Diabetes was induced in the third and fourth groups by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg). After 72 hours, blood glucose of rats which were injected STZ was measured with glucometer. Rats whose blood glucose measurement was over 300 mg/dl were considered on diabetes. B.chrysogonum infusion was prepared by weighing 3 grams B.chrysogonum. B.chrysogonum infusion was given the second (B) and fourth (D+B) groups by oral gavage for 5 weeks. Blood glucose levels of rats were measured and recorded. Later prostate tissues of rats were taken under anesthesia. RESULTS: After five weeks, it was observed that the glucose levels decreased significantly in the B and D+B groups compared to diabetes group (P<0.001, P<0.05, respectively). Testosterone levels significantly decreased in the diabetes group compared to control, Bongardia (B) and D+B groups (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). Microscopic examination revealed normal prostate tissue in control and B groups. In Diabetic group glandular lumens filled with cellular debris and leucocytic infiltrate. Glandular epithelium also degenerated and thickened in some regions. B. Chrysogonum administration improved general tissue structure in the D+B group. Epithelium was better preserved and less debris was seen in the glandular lumen. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first study in the literature to examine the therapeutic effect of Bongard Chrysogonum on prostate tissue in diabetes. In our study, we observed that therapeutic effect of B. Chrysogonum treatment on diabetes caused prostatic hypertrophy. PC055 Nesfatin-1, Kisspeptin and Leptin Levels in Obese and Non-Obese Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women Muaz Belviranlı, Feyza Çelik, Nilsel Okudan Division of Sports Physiology, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nesfatin-1, kisspeptin and leptin on energy metabolism and reproduction, and investigate whether the difference on energy metabolism between pre- and post- menopausal periods arise from these hormones. METHODS: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Medical Faculty of Necmettin Erbakan University. Eighty-three women who have applied to 50 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress Consequently, zinc may be an excellent candidate as an antiapoptotic agent to protect the mass of beta cell remaining in diabetes patients. Menopause Clinic in Konya Education and Research Hospital were participated to the present study. The participants were divided into four groups as premenopausal normal weighted women (n=25), premenopausal obese women (n=18), postmenopausal normal weighted women (n=17) and postmenopausal obese women (n=23). Nesfatin-1, leptin and kisspeptin levels were measured by using commercially available kits in fasting blood samples of the participants. Height, weight, body mass index and body fat percentage of the participants were measured. Data were analyzed for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For normally distributed variables, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for non-normally distributed variables Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the nesfatin-1 and kisspeptin levels among the groups (P > 0.05). In the obese groups, leptin levels were higher than the normal weighted groups and difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), on the other hand there was no statistically significant difference in the pre and postmenopausal groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: While leptin levels were higher in the obese subjects than the normal weighted subjects, nesftain 1 and kisspeptin levels were affected from neither obesity nor menopausal status. However, further research is needed considering nutrition and activity status of the participants. PC057 The Effect of a Highly Saturated Fat Diet and Intermittent Fasting Diet on Adiponectin and Lipid Metabolism 1 2 1 Nizamettin Günbatar , Fahri Bayıroğlu , Bahttin Bulduk , Selver 1 Karaaslan 1 Yüzüncü Yıl University, High School of Health, Van, Turkey 2 Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department, Ankara, Turkey AIM: In this study, the effect of two-days food restriction per week (intermittent feeding) on the serum adiponectin and lipid profiles in rats that were subject with a highly saturated fat diet was investigated. METHODS: A population of Wistar albino rats were devided into two groups; experimental group (intermittent feeding) and control group. Both groups were fed with high-fat ratio, %32.8 fatinclusive for two weeks as an adaptation period, and following that, they were fed with high fat ratio diet for 10 weeks. The experimental group was completely deprived of food for 2 days a week nonconsecutively. RESULTS: At the beginning of the trial, at control and experimental group live weight averages were respectively 313.71±23.03 g and 312.40±25.93 g, at the end of the trial these values were found to be 400.92±27.14 g in control group, in the experimental group this was 365.73±35.02. This difference was also statistically significant (p<0.05). Analysis show serum adinopectin values were 90.58±26.14 mg/dl in control group and 103.60±14.45 mg/dl in experimental group; however, the difference between these values were found to be insignificant. Serum trigliserid levels were as 100.55±33.26 mg/dl in the control group, while this value was significantly reduced down to 80.34±9.70 mg/dl in the trial group (p<0.05). The serum VLDL levels were determined as 18.35±8.10 mg/dl in the control group and trial group had 22.35±8.75 mg/dl. Serum cholestherol levels, on the other hand, were 57.92±10.90 mg/dl in the control group, while a value of 64.00±53.79 mg/dl was observed in the trial group, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, we can say that, obesity which is the trigger of the inflammation and indicator of the state of the low degree inflammation could be modulated by some environmental factors even in the existence of high fat diet application as shown for in the study. PC056 The Relationship between Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Apoptotic Proteins in Pancreatic Beta Cell With Type-I Diabetes 1 2 3 Celal Güven , Şahin Yeşildağ , Eylem Taşkın 1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common disease in worldwide. DM is well known to relate oxidative stress, resulting in triggering apoptosis. Zinc is a trace element in the body and has antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects. Moreover, zinc has been shown to be able to restore the beta cell function, but limited data has been available the mechanism of it for how to inhibit the apoptosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on apoptosis by mitogen-activated protein kinase in pancreatic beta cell with type-I diabetes. METHODS: The groups were created as Control (C), Zinc supplementation (C+Z), Diabetes (D), Diabetes+Zinc (D+Z). After created type-I diabetes by using STZ, zinc supplementation was incubated for twenty-four hours. Then, the protein was isolated to measure extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1, ERK-2, stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), P38, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Bcl-2. RESULTS: Although diabetes decreased the protein level of ERK-1 and ERK-2 versus (vs.) control, diabetes elevated the protein level of SAPK and p38 vs. control. D+Z group was decreased the level of ERK-1 and ERK-2,although D+Z group was caused to diminish SAPK and p38 protein levels. D group was led to increase AIF and Bcl-2 protein levels. D+Z was partially restored the protein level of AIF and Bcl-2. CONCLUSION: Diabetes triggered apoptosis by increasing P38, SAP and decreasing ERK-1 and ERK-2 protein levels, zinc supplementation after diabetes was blocked the apoptosis by decreasing P38, SAP and increasing ERK-1 and ERK-2. PC058 Effects of Grape Seed Extract on Diabetic Neuropathy in Mice 1 1 1 2 Ayşegül Yurt , Burcu Köksal , Perihan Gürbüz , Azibe Yıldız , Nigar 2 3 Vardı , Ergül Alçin 1 İnönü University, Medicine Faculty, Physiology Department, Malatya, Turkey 2 İnönü University, Medicine Faculty, Histology Department, Malatya, Turkey 3 Hacettepe University, Medicine Faculty, Physiology Department, Ankara, Turkey BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes and affects more than 50% of patients with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on diabetic neuropathy. METHODS: 30 BALB/C female mice were used in the experiment. Three groups: control group (Cnt), diabetes group (DM), and 51 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress performed using the ELISA method. RESULTS: We found that neither cisplatin nor curcumin treatment disturbed the investigated parameters (p<0.05). Additionally, we noted that the co-administration of curcumin and cisplatin did not change the plasma concentrations of ACTH and CORT, and hippocampal levels of MR and GR in comparison to controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: To our results, neither individually nor combined treatment of cisplatin and curcumin alter HPA axis. diabetes+50 mg/kg GSE group (DM+50) were formed. Diabetes was induced by an 180mg/kg intraperitoneally injection with streptozotocin. At the end of the sixth week after diabetes created, tail vein blood glucose levels were measured. GSE was given by oral gavage for six weeks. Six weeks after the start of the experiment a hot plate test was performed. Sciatic nerve tissue from animals were histologically examined. RESULTS: Blood glucose levels; Cnt 119,83±29,94 mg/dL, DM 476,33±191,60 mg/dL and DM+50 369,83±170,40 mg/dl. GSE application created reductions in blood glucose levels. Compared with Cnt, statistical differences were detected between the groups (p <0.005). Hot plate test; Cnt 20,02±5,03 sec., DM 22,67±5,23 sec., and DM+50 19,17±4,36 sec. No statistical differences were observed between hot plate measurements. Histological evaluation; The sciatic nerve fibers in Cnt was found to have a regular normal histological appearance of the myelin sheath and axons, and histopathologic score was measured as 0,48±0,65. Degeneration of the myelin sheath, shrinkage in axons in the cross-section of DM was observed, histopathologic score was measured as 2.12±0.83 (p═0.000). DM+50, the myelin sheath and axonal changes caused by diabetes were seen to decrease with the effect of GSE, histopathologic score was measured as 1.64±0.91, and compared with the Cnt no statistical differences were observed. CONCLUSION: In the present study, GSE has shown antihyperglycemic effects, it provides a significant improvement in sciatic nerve damage and pain threshold values were shown to be closer to Cnt values. PC060 Disinfectant Effect of Thyme Oil in Diabetic Wound Model 1 2 3 2 Metin Temel , Recep Dokuyucu , Hasan Gökçe , Gökhan Ağtürk , 2 Hatice Doğan 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Wound healing of diabetic patients is impaired and wounds are mostly infected with multibacterial agents. We aimed to compare the efficacy of thyme oil and povidone iodine as a disinfectant in the diabetic wound model. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in groups by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg). After 72 hours, rats with over 300mg/dl of blood glucose measurement were considered on diabetes. Diabetic rats were divided into two groups; group 1(PI): diabetes+povidone iodine+thiocilline; group 2(TO): diabetes+thyme oil+thiocilline. 6 full-thickness skin defects were created 1.5 cm from the center line on dorsal of rats. In each side of dorsal 3 skin defects with 0.5 cm intervals were created. Wounds didn't receive any treatment for 3 days for infection. On the third day, wounds were determined to be infected by taking wound swab from rats in each group. Group 1 and group 2 were disinfected respectively with povidone iodine, thyme oil. Then both groups were dressed with thiocilline for 20 days. Tissue defects including the superficial fascia were removed for histopathological examination. Ulceration, necrosis, epithelialization, congestion, edema, polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PNL), monocytes, fibroblasts, neovascularization were evaluated with histopathological examination. RESULTS: According to histopathological evaluation, statistically less necrosis was seen in the group 2 (TO) as compared to group 1 (PI) (P=0.03). Monocytes were observed fewer in the group 2(TO) as compared to group 1(PI) (P=0.03). It was found that ulceration, edema, PNL, fibroblast and neovascularization decreased and epithelialization, congestion increased. CONCLUSION: Because of epithelialization break, the use of povidone iodine as a disinfectant in open wounds is controversial. So an antiseptic agent which isn't adversely affect the wound healing must use. It was determined that thyme oil effected positive the wound healing. In the light of this information we believe that thyme oil can be used as an antiseptic before dressing. PC059 Effects of Cisplatin and Curcumin on the Hypothalamic-PituitaryAdrenal Axis 1 2 3 Mehmet Öz , Enver Ahmet Demir , Hasan Serdar Gergerlioğlu , 4 5 Kısmet Esra Nurullahoğlu Atalık , Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya 1 Mevlana University, School of Health Services, Department of P.T.R., Konya, Turkey 2 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey 3 Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey 4 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Konya, Turkey 5 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey AIM: In recent years, an increasing amount of data indicates a synergistic role of curcumin, the active polyphenol of turmeric, in cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens. Because the systemic interactions of these agents need to be determined to ensure curcumin is a safe adjuvant, we aimed to investigate the effects of this polyphenol on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in cisplatin-treated rats. METHODS: A total of 34 male Wistar rats were divided into groups as control (Con; n=7), cisplatin (Cis; n=10), curcumin (Cur; n=7), and cisplatin plus curcumin (CisCur; n=10). A dose of 5 mg/kg/week, i.p. cisplatin and of 300 mg/kg/day, p.o. curcumin was administered for 5 weeks to Cis and Cur animals, respectively. CisCur group has received same doses of both cisplatin and curcumin. Only vehicles (physiological saline and corn-oil) were applied to Con group. The animals were exsanguinated to obtain blood where adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were measured. The brain was excised, and mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors were estimated in the hippocampal tissue. The analyses were PC061 Assessment of Sensitivity to the Anesthesia in a Diabetic Rat Model 1 1 1 1 Recep Dokuyucu , Hatice Doğan , Gökhan Ağtürk , Emrah Çay , 1 1 1 1 Yasemin Bilgiç , Duygu Egeli , Okan Tutuk , Fatih Sefil , Cemil 1 Tümer 1 Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa 52 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress Additionally, the serum levels of insulin and adropin were determined by ELISA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA gene expressions in pancreas tissue were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: It showed that a significant reduction in blood glucose levels, HbA1c (%), HOMA-IR and increase in HOMA-β, serum insulin levels in the DA group compared with D group. In addition, intraperitoneal adropin application can reduce serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and increase level of HDL-C. Adropin also effectively ameliorated the alterations in TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: We can say that application of adropin to type 2 diabetic rats has potential antidiabetic effect due to a decrease in blood glucose, HbA1c (%), HOMA-IR activity, Besides, increased TC, TG, LDL-C levels in diabetes were decreased and increased in HDL-C levels in the adropin treated group, It shows that it has hypolipidemic effect of adropin. Additionally, adropin is decrased TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expression and adropin can be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of type II diabetes in the future. Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Diabetes mellitus and glucose regulation have an importance for the decision of surgery in pre-surgical assessments. In our study, we aimed to investigate correlations between the induction time of anesthesia, glucose level, and weight in a diabetic rat model. METHODS: Weight-matched adult male Wistar rats were grouped as control (n=7) and diabetic (n=7). In the latter group, diabetes was induced by the single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotosin. 72 hours after the injection, animals possessing a blood glucose concentration above 300 mg/kg were considered diabetic. The weights and blood glucose levels were observed for 7 days. At the end, 80 mg/kg ketamine and 12 mg/kg xylazine were administered to both groups and the induction time of anesthesia was recorded. For anesthesia evaluation toe was pinched by using a clamp. Anesthesia assessment was regarded as “has entered in full anesthesia or hasn’t entered” by observation of two people. The Student’s t- and Pearson’s correlation tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The induction time of anesthesia was significantly reduced in diabetic group compared to the controls (p<0.01). Diabetic animals weighed less than control group (p<0.01). The correlation analysis in diabetic group showed that the weight and blood glucose level of animals do not influence the induction time of anesthesia (respectively, p=0.80, r:0.150; p=0.68, r:-0.300). A negative correlation between the blood glucose concentration and weight was found in diabetics (p<0.05, r: -0.828). CONCLUSION: The dosage of anesthetic agents has an importance in the effectiveness of anesthesia, and in surgical complications. Since our results indicate the susceptibility of diabetics to anesthesia, we suggest that the dose of anesthetics should be finely adjusted considering the presence of diabetes. PC062 Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effects Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats 1 2 of 1 Adropin PC063 Investigating the Relationships between Irisin Concentration and Serum TSH, T3 and T4 Levels by Prediction Models in the Rats 1 1 2 3 Suat Tekin , Yavuz Erden , Cemil Çolak , Fatma Özyalın , Süleyman 1 Sandal 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Irisin is a newly determined myokin having an important effect on the metabolism of the body and thermogenesis. We showed that intracerebroventricular irisin infusion is related with serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) levels and body temperature. This study aimed to predict the relationships between irisin concentration (IC) and serum TSH, T3, T4 levels using prediction models in the rats. METHODS: In the current study, 30 male Wistar-Albino rats separated into three groups (n=10 in each group) were used for experimental process. Brain infusion kits were implanted to right lateral ventricule in all rats. Via Alzet osmotic pump, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (sham group) and experimental groups (10 and 100 nM) of irisin were infused for 10 µl/h/7 days. The relationships between IC and serum TSH, T3, T4 levels were predicted. A second order polynomial regression (PR) was the best prediction model. RESULTS: The prediction models were as follows: TSH = 0.0008(IC)2 – 0.0883(IC) + 4.69; T3 = 6E-05(IC)2 – 0.0119(IC) + 1.808 and T4 = 0.0005(IC)2 – 0.0542(IC) + 2.035, respectively. Coefficient of determination (R2) was nearly 1 for all the models. The models and their coefficients were statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the relationships between IC and serum TSH, T3, T4 levels were predicted using the constructed models. It is important to predict these alterations/relationships by using statistical modeling with regard to create foresight the physiological decision mechanisms. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project no: 214S640). in 3 Raziye Akcılar , F. Emel Koçak , Hasan Şimşek , Aydın Akcılar , 4 5 5 Zeynep Bayat , Ezgi Ece , Hülya Kökdaşgil 1 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey 2 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kütahya, Turkey 3 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Animal Research Center, Kütahya, Turkey 4 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Kütahya, Turkey 5 University of Dumlupınar, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey AIM: In this study, the effects of adropin on glucose and lipid metabolism are investigated in the STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: Wistar albino female rats were divided randomly into following groups: control (C), diabetes (D) and diabetes + adropin (DA). D and DA groups were administered with orally high fat diet (10 mL/kg) for two weeks and intraperitonally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). 72 hours after the streptozotocin injection, Adropin (2.1 μg/kg/day) was given intraperitoneally to DA group for 10 days. The study involved the evaluation of biochemical parameters, including blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). 53 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress Medical Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey 7 Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey PC064 Wound Healing Effect of Centaury Oil Treatment in Diabetic Wound Model 1 2 3 Metin Temel , Recep Dokuyucu , Hasan Gökçe , Zeynel Abidin 3 2 2 2 Taş , Okan Tutuk , Hatice Doğan , Gökhan Ağtürk 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Iron overload is known to be associated with increased oxidative stress. Exenatide a glucagon like peptide -1 (GLP-1) analogue used in the treatment of diabetes is shown to improve hepatic steatosis by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in animal model and reduce malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels in cell culture. In this study we aimed to measure the effect exenatide in liver on the parameters of oxidative stress; SOD CAT and MDA in an iron overloaded rat model. For this purpose we measured the activities of in liver tissue. MATERIALS-METHODS: Eighteen male Wistar –albino rats were randomly divided into the three groups, each containing 6 rats. Rats in the control group (Group C) were given intraperitoneal injections of saline as placebo. The second group (Group Fe) was given intraperitoneal iron dextran (60mg/kg/day) five days a week for 4 weeks to develop an iron overload model. The third group (Group Fe +E) received subcutaneous injections of 10 mcg exenatide (Byetta® Lilly Pharma) in two divided doses for 4 weeks in addition to iron dextran. Hepcidin, IL-6, SOD, CAT enzyme activity and MDA levels were studied in the liver tissue samples of the rats to determine the presence of oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant activity. The data were compared by one way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey HSD tests. RESULTS: MDA level was significantly higher in Group Fe and Group Fe+E (p<0.0001, p=0,014), and SOD enzyme activity was significantly higher in Group Fe (p=0.002). There was no difference between groups when the mean CAT enzyme activities were compared. DISCUSSION: Exenatide seem to have a beneficial effect on parameters of oxidative stress in iron overloaded liver tissue. We conclude that studies with larger scales are needed to support our conclusion. AIM: We aimed to compare the efficacy of centaury oil and Thiocilline for the healing of infected diabetic wound model METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ)(60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to groups for induction of experimental diabetes. After 72 hours diabetic rats with blood glucose levels over 300 mg/dl were selected and distributed into two groups. Group 1; Diabetes+Povidone iodine+Thiocilline (D+PI+T) and group 2; Diabetes+Povidone iodine+Centaury (D+PI+C). 6 full-thickness skin defects were created 1.5 cm from the center line on dorsal of rats In each side of dorsal 3 skin defects with 0.5 cm intervals were created. Wounds didn't receive any treatment for 3 days for infection. On the third day, wounds were determined to be infected by taking wound swab from diabetic rats in each group. Two groups were disinfected with povidone iodine. However, group1 and group 2 were dressed respectively with thiocilline and centaury oil. After 20 days tissue defects including the superficial fascia were removed for histopathological examination. Ulceration, necrosis, epithelialization, congestion, edema, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL), monocytes, fibroblasts, neovascularization were evaluated in histopathological examination. RESULTS: In terms of edema and congestion a statistically significant reduction was seen in the group 2 as compared to group 1(respectively P=0.04, P=0.03). In terms of neovascularization, a statistically increasing was observed in group 2 as compared to group 1. PNL, ulceration, epithelialization, monocytes and fibroblasts were increased in group 2 as compared to group 1. But statistical significance couldn't be determined. CONCLUSION: In this study centaury oil increased PNL, monocytes, fibroblasts and neovascularization. As a result centaury oil accelerated the diabetic wound healing. Although the centaury oil is used in traditional medicine because of its antidepressant efficacy, it has antiviral and antibacterial activities. We believe that the centaury oil has an increased potential for time of diabetic wound healing because of its ingredients. PC066 Effects of Iron Overload and Exenatide on Erythrocyte Deformability in a Rat Model 1 2 3 Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz , Halil Kara , Faruk Metin Çomu , 4 5 Ayşegül Küçük , Mustafa Arslan 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of of Pharmacology, YıldırımBeyazıtUniversity Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey 3 Department of Physiology, Kırıkkale University Medical Faculty, Kırıkkale, Turkey 4 Department of Physiology, Dumlupınar University Medical Faculty, Kütahya, Turkey 5 Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey PC065 Effect of Exenatide on Liver in an Iron Overload Rat Model 1 2 3 Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz , Ali Doğan Dursun , Halil Kara , 4 5 6 Badegül Sarıkaya , Aslıhan Cavunt Bayraktar , Ayşegül Küçük , 4 6 7 Faruk Metin Çomu , Mustafa Kavutçu , Mustafa Arslan 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey 2 Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 3 Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey 4 Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Physiology, Kırıkkale, Turkey 5 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey 6 Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine Department of AIM: Iron overload is known to affect erythrocyte membrane properties and erythrocyte shape. We hypothesized that iron overload which directly affects the erythrocyte morphology may also interfere with erythrocyte deformability (ED). Exenatide a glucagon like peptide -1 (GLP-1) analogue used in the treatment of diabetes is known to have beneficial pleiotropic effects on endothelial function and blood flow which are different from its glucose lowering effects. In our study we aimed 1) to test the effect of iron overload on ED in a rat model and 2) to evaluate the effect of exenatide on ED in the same model. MATERIALS-METHOD: The animals were randomly divided into the three groups, each containing 6 rats. Rats in the control group 54 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC068 Salusin-α and β Levels in Acute Renal Failure Induced by Renal Ischemia / Reperfusion of Rats 1 1 1 3 Murat Çakır , Halil Düzova , Güler Orhan , Aslı Çetin , Fatma 2 Özyalın 1 Inonu University, School of Medicine / Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey 2 Department of Biochemistry, Malatya. Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey 3 Inonu University, School of Medicine / Department of Histology and Embryology, Malatya, Turkey (Group C) were given intraperitoneal injections of saline as placebo. The second group (Group Fe) was given intraperitoneal iron dextran (60mg/kg/day) five days a week for 4 weeks to develop an iron overload model. The third group (Group Fe +E) received subcutaneous injections of 10 mcg exenatide (Byetta® Lilly Pharma) in two divided doses for 4 weeks in addition to iron dextran. RESULTS: We observed that ED index was significantly higher in Group Fe when compared to Group C and Group Fe+E(p<0.0001, p<0.0001) (Figure 1). Administration of exenatide to the iron loaded rats (Group Fe +E) led to a significant decrease in the deformability index (p<0,017) when compared to Group Fe. DISCUSSION: Our study shows a decrease in ED with iron and beneficial effect of exenatide on ED in the iron overloaded rat model. The mechanism of action of exenatide may be subject to future studies. AIM: Salusin-α and salusin –β are consisted of 28 and 20 amino acids respectively. These endogenous peptides were identified in kidney and many others tissues. In previous studies, salusin-α urine and serum levels were found to be associated with chronic renal failure. In this study, we determined salusin-α and salusin –β levels in both the serum and kidney tissues of rats using an experimental renal I / R model. METHODS: In this study were used adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 18) at Inonu University Laboratory Animal Research Center. Animals were randomly classified into two groups. The right kidneys of Sham- control group were dissected and I / R not implemented. After the right kidney I / R groups were removed, the left kidney was subjected 1 hour ischemia and 23 hours reperfusion after ischemia. The end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed by taking blood from the heart. Salusin-α and –β levels were assayed in both the serum and left kidney tissues by ELISA. The obtained data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons between groups in Bonferronili the MannWhitney U test were used. RESULTS: In our study, serum and kidney tissue salusin-β levels of I / R group were found to be decreased compared to sham-control group (p <0.05). While serum salusin-α levels of I / R group was lower than sham-control group, kidney tissue salusin-α levels of I / R group were higher than sham-control group (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in serum and renal tissue salusin-α and –β levels occurred in acute renal failure as a result of renal I/R might have some roles in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of renal failure. PC067 Prediction of the Relationships between Irisin Concentration and Serum Leptin and Ghrelin Levels by Quadratic Polynomial Regression Models in the Rats 1 1 2 3 Suat Tekin , Yavuz Erden , Fatma Özyalın , Cemil Çolak , Süleyman 1 Sandal 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 3 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Irisin is a novel-identified peptide and is related with serum leptin, ghrelin levels, food intake and body weight as shown in our previous study. In addition, we reported that intracerebroventricular irisin infusion increased food intake. The polynomial regression (PR) models may be used to predict the relationship(s) between response and predictor variables. To achieve this objective, this study predicted the relationships between irisin concentration (IC) and serum leptin and ghrelin levels by quadratic polynomial regression models in the rats. METHODS: In this study, 30 male Wistar-Albino rats evenly divided into three groups (n=10) were employed. Alzet osmotic mini pumps (2ML1) were implanted to lateral ventricule and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (sham group), 10 and 100 nM concentrations for irisin were infused for 7 days. The relationships between irisin concentration and serum leptin and ghrelin levels were separately evaluated. Quadratic polynomial regression (QPR) was used predict these nonlinear relationships. RESULTS: Based on the results of QPR models, the predicted QPR models were leptin = 0.020(IC)2 - 2.168(IC) + 42.236 and ghrelin = -0,000151(IC)2 + 0.018(IC) + 0.233, respectively. The models had large coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.84 and 0.87, consecutively). The predicted models and the coefficients were significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The predictive results demonstrated that the models were so successful in the prediction of the relationships between IC and serum leptin and ghrelin levels. Thence, the predicted models can be useful for these relationships. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project no: 114S138). PC069 Systemic Irisin Levels in Healthy Young Adult Subjects 1 1 2 3 Bengü Avcı , Oktay Kaya , Özgür Gündüz , Gülnur Öztürk , Engin 4 1 Nakuş , Levent Öztürk 1 Department of Physiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey 2 Department of Pharmacology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey 3 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Trakya University Faculty of Health Sciences, Edirne, Turkey 4 Department of Neurology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey AIM: The so-called biological rhythms are classified as daily (circadian), monthly (circamensual) or yearly (circannual) cycle according to their lenghts. Most hormones like cortisol, have 24hour (circadian) rhythm. Some hormones like growth hormone, have ultradian rhythm. Irisin is a newly discovered hormone which is secreted from skeletal muscle. It has been known for a long time that muscle tissue secretes cytokines which are collectively called "myokines". The myokine named irisin is secreted as a response to PPAR-γ co-activator-1α activation. This hormone's most stated effect is to convert white subcutaneous adipose tissue to brown 55 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress parameters and oxidant damage. Our results suggest that ALA, AE or RE might be protective in ulcerative colitis. This is the first study examining the effects of resistance exercise on ulcerative colitis. adipose tissue. 24-hours secretion pattern of irisin is not evaluated and it is not known that whether it has a circadian rhythm. METHODS: This study included 10 healthy young adult volunteers (M/F, 5/5; Mean age ±SD, 20.6±1.4 years). All participants underwent a detailed physical examination and were free of any chronic disease and medication use. All volunteers were observed in sleep laboratory under sedentary conditions and blood samples were collected by 4-hour intervals for 24 h. Body temperature was also measured at all time points. Biochemical analyses included serum irisin, melatonin (ELISA), and cortisol (RIA) measurements. We performed correlation analyses among the all parameters. RESULTS: There were no significant correlation between irisin or cortisol levels. We found significant (r=0.40) correlation between body temperature and irisin levels. We failed to determine a significant circadian rhythm of serum irisin levels in healthy young adults. CONCLUSIONS: Determining the secretion patern of irisin hormone may help to uncover physiological action of the hormone. Lack of a circadian rhythm in the secretion of irisin may suggest a muscle activity dependent secretion patern. This study was supported by Trakya University Scientific Research Projects (Project No: TÜBAP 2014/105). PC071 Effects of Stinging Nettle, Chamomile and Chasteberry Extracts on Production of Volatile Fatty Acids and Lactic Acid using the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) in Normal and Acidogenic Conditions 1 2 Ahu Demirtaş , İlksin Pişkin 1 Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Burdur, Turkey 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stinging nettle, chamomile and chasteberry extracts compared with monensin on in vitro production of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in normal and acidogenic conditions. METHODS: Ten incubation vessels of RUSITEC with a nominal volume of 0.75 L were simultaneously used in the experiment. After an adaptation period of 7 days, fermenters were divided into 5 groups in order to investigate the effects of plant extracts in normal conditions from 8 to 14 days, and in acidogenic conditions from 15 to 21 days. First two vessels received no additives (negative control), each of second, third and forth groups of vessels received 500 mg/day stinging nettle, chamomile and chasteberry extracts, respectively. Fifth group (positive control) received 5 mg monensin daily. RESULTS: In normal conditions, while all three extracts increased (P<0.05) acetic acid production, chamomile and chasteberry also increased (P<0.05) propionic acid like monensin (P<0.05). However, the production of butyric acid was increased (P<0.05) by only chasteberry. In acidogenic conditions, plant extracts increased (P<0.05) butyric acid whereas it was reduced (P<0.05) by monensin. Propionic acid production was increased (P<0.05) by all groups except stinging nettle while acetic acid was increased (P<0.05) in only chamomile group. Chasteberry had no significant effect on lactic acid concentration like monensin while it was increased (P<0.05) in the presence of chamomile in both conditions, and stinging nettle did not change lactic acid concentration in normal conditions but increased (P<0.05) it in acidogenic conditions (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: Selected plant extracts influenced the ruminal fermentation positively by stimulating fermentative activity of rumen microorganisms in both conditions although they did not have the potential to prevent acidosis. PC070 Protective Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid, Aerobic or Resistance Exercise from Colitis in Passive Cigarette Smoking Young Rats 1 2 2 2 Dilek Özbeyli , Tunahan Şen , Anıl Özen , Ayşe Cansu Berberoğlu , 2 2 3 4 Oktay Erkan , Yunus Başar , Dilek Akakın , Meral Yüksel , Özgür 1 Kasımay 1 Marmara University School of Medicine, Physiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Marmara University School of Medicine Students, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Marmara University School of Medicine, Histology and Embriology Department, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Marmara University School of Health Services, Biochemistry Department, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: The role of passive cigarette smoking (PCS) and resistance exercise are not known. Our aim was to examine the effects of antioxidant ALA, chronic aerobic (AE) or resistance exercise (RE) on PCS rats with colitis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats (150-200g, n=54) were exposed to PSS (6 days/week, 4 cigarettes/day) while several groups were assigned to RE (climbing with weight; 3 days/week), others to AE (swimming; 3 days/week) whereas several groups were not exercised. Following 5 weeks, colitis was induced by intrarectal acetic acid. Subcutaneous ALA (50 mg/kg/day) or cornoil were injected for 3 days. Following decapitation, colon tissues were sampled to examine malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, luminol and lucigenin chemiluminenscence, macroscopic scoring and histologic examination. ANOVA and student’s t test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The increased macroscopic and microscopic scores, MPO, MDA, luminol and lucigenin measurements in colitis and PSS-colitis groups were decreased via ALA. (p<0.05-0.001). AE declined macroscopic and microscopic scores, MDA, lucigenin compared to colitis and PSS-colitis groups (p<0.01-0.001). AE with ALA decreased luminol (p<0.05). RE reduced microscopic score, MPO, MDA, luminol, lucigenin (p<0.05-0.001) that were increased with colitis. GSH levels were decreased (p<0.01) in PSS-colitis group while approaching control levels by ALA. CONCLUSIONS: PSS and colitis induction increased inflammatory PC072 Effects of Nisin and Propolis on Ruminal Microbial Fermentation in the Semi-Continuous Rumen Simulation Rechnique (RUSITEC) 1 1 2 1 Hakan Öztürk , Bahri Emre , Vedat Sağmanlıgil , İlksin Pişkin , Uivi 3 3 Reha Fidancı , Mert Pekcan 1 Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Near East University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nicosia, TRNC 3 Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nisin and propolis as natural antimicrobial agents on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a 60: 40 forage: concentrate diet using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) and to compare their effects with 56 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress transplantation, etc.) caused Thymoquinone to be both ischemia and apoptitozis is needed both in terms of our results into use in the treatment of liver-related diseases to be confirmed in clinical studies. the ionophoric antibiotic monensin (positive control). METHODS: The study was carried out using the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC. Rumen content was obtained from a pooled sample from two freshly slaughtered mature sheep and transferred to the in vitro system within 30 min. Nisin, propolis ethanol extract and monensin were added daily at 2 mg, 100 µl (contained active substances of 2 mg crude propolis) and 5 mg to the fermentation vessels, respectively. RESULTS: Monensin caused expected changes in fermentation patterns [a significant decrease in NH3-N concentration, acetate and butyrate production, protozoa counts (p<0.05), and a significant increase in propionate production (p<0.05)]. Nisin and propolis did not cause beneficial effects on fermentation efficiency, except NH3-N concentration. NH3-N concentration decreased from a control value of 11.22 mmol/l to 6.95 mmol/l (38%), 9.33 mmol/l (-17%) and 9.48 mmol/l (-16%) in the presence of monensin, nisin and propolis, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that nisin and propolis might be useful additives to decrease ruminal ammonia production and to improve nitrogen utilization by ruminants. PC074 Histopathological Effects of Erdosteine in Rat Hepatic İschemia/Reperfusion Model 1 1 2 3 Okan Tutuk , Recep Dokuyucu , Hasan Gökçe , Oğuzhan Özcan , 2 1 1 Zeynel Abidin Taş , Hatice Doğan , Gökhan Ağtürk , Sümeyye 3 4 1 1 Tutuk , Suphi Bayraktar , Fatih Sefil , Cemil Tümer 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Erdosteine (Erd) inhibits environmental oxygen radicals with its strongly antioxidant thyol groups. In our study, genetic, biochemical and histopathological effects of erdosterine on rat hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 50 male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (for each n=10): Group-I (Control), Group-II (Sham), GroupIII (I/R), Group-IV (Erd;by oral route 10mg/kg/day for 2 days), Group-V (I/R+Erd;by oral route 10 mg/kg/day, 2 days before I/R). The animals in Group-III and V were subjected to the hepatic ischemia for 45 min and reperfusion for the same duration. Following the reperfusion, blood and hepatic tissue were taken from sacrificed animals for the histopathological and biochemical analyses. According to the statistical distribution analysis, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis. p<0.05 values was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: According to analyses we have done so far, it was observed that cellular swelling, congestion, polymorphonucleic leucocytes (PNL) and apoptosis parameters significantly increased in the I/R group as compared to other groups in the histopathological examination (p<0.05). In comparison to I/R group, a significant decrease of cellular swelling, congestion, PNL and apoptosis parameters was seen in Erd+I/R group. Total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were found significantly increased in the group of I/R as compared to other groups (p<0.01). Genetics and other biochemical parameters are still ongoing. CONCLUSION: Established histopathological and biochemical studies indicated that histopathological parameters and TOS values were significantly higher in I/R group. In the groups which erdosteine was administered, these were significantly decreased. Our results need to be confirmed by clinical studies to make erdosteine treatment available for reperfusion injury after the hepatic transplantation, which is successfully applied in many centers including our country. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Granted by M.K.U. BAP (Project - 12262) PC073 The Effect of Thymoquinone in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Rat Model 1 2 3 2 Kerem Çağlar , Hasan Gökçe , Oğuzhan Özcan , Zeynel Abidin Taş , 1 1 1 1 Hatice Doğan , Gökhan Ağtürk , Fatih Sefil , Cemil Tümer , Recep 1 Dokuyucu 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: We aimed to investigate that the antioxidant and histopathologic effects of thymoquinone in Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Control; Group 2: shame; Group 3: Hepatic I/R (45min/45min); Group 4: Thymoquinone (Tmq) (50 mg/kg); Group 5: Tmq+I/R (ten days before from I/R at dose 50 mg/kg of Tmq by oral gavage). The portal vein and the hepatic artery in ischemia group was clamped and blood flow to the left and middle lobes of the liver with atraumatic vascular a clamp was interrupted. Thus segmental (70%) and non-lethal hepatic ischemia was generated. 45 minutes of ischemia with atraumatic vascular clamp was applied. Clamps were removed after 45 minutes and ischemia was completed. Blood samples for biochemical measurements and histopathologic evaluation result of the application and liver tissue were taken. According to the statistical distribution analysis ANOVA or KruskalWallis tests were used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 values was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation in cellular swelling, congestion, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) and the value of apoptosis compared to control and sham group, I/R group were increased significantly (p<0.01). Cellular swelling, congestion, PNL and apoptosis parameters a significant decrease was seen in group of Tmq and Tmq+I/R as compared to I/R group (p<0.01). Biochemical parameters, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, creatinine and urea levels in control, shame, Tmq and Tmq+I/R group compared with I / R group revealed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05). SONUÇLAR: Liver I/R in the treatment of diseases (hypovolemic shock, chronic liver disease, larger tumor resection, hepatic trauma surgery, vascular reconstructions and hepatic PC075 The Effect of Spexin on the Contractility of Isolated Rat Small Intestine 1 2 2 1 Özge Darakcı , Bahar Akyüz , Süleyman Sırrı Bilge , Ayhan Bozkurt 1 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Samsun, Turkey 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Samsun, Turkey 57 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress which was significantly (p<0.05 at 20 and 40 mmHg; p<0.01 at 60 and 80 mmHg) attenuated by NPS pretreatment. Following CHS, GE was significantly (p<0.05) lower in MS rats (36.3 ± 5.0%) compared to control (63.1 ± 8.4%). In MS rats, NPS administration significantly (p<0.05) restored the CHS-induced delayed GE (59.6 ± 5.4%), while decreasing the fecal output. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in central NPS expression may contribute to the MS-induced changes in GI motor dysfunctions. NPS/NPSR system may be a novel candidate for treatment of stress-induced GI motility disorders. AIM: Spexin, is a novel gastrointestinal peptide, which is expressed in submucosal layer of mouse esophagus and stomach and, also has been shown to be caused contraction of the stomach fundus smooth muscle strips. This effect of spexin on gastrointestinal functions is limited to this information. The aim of the present study is to investigate possible effects of spexin on isolated rat small intestine motility and roles of the muscarinic and the serotonergic receptors (5-HT3 and 5-HT4) on this effect. METHODS: Experimental protocol was approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Ondokuz Mayıs University. Nine male SpragueDawley rats (250-300 g) were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg; i.p). The 1.5 cm strips were removed from the parts of proximal jejunum and distal ileum of rat small intestine. The strips were placed in organ baths. Isometric tension was recorded by PowerLab data acquisition system. The tissues were washed after each application and waited for equilibration period during 20 minutes. Acetylcholine was administrated at the concentration of 10-5 M. Spexin was administrated at between 10-9-10-6 M concentration on cumulative dosages. Then, cumulative administrations of spexin were repeated in the presence of 10-6 M atropine, ondansetron or GR113808. Results were expressed as percent of maximal contraction induced by acetylcholine. Oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for statistical evaluation. Additionally, Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test was used for multiple comparisons between groups. RESULTS: Spexin induced the contractile response of both proximal jejunum and distal ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. (p<0.05-0.01). However, spexin-induced contractions did not change with muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine and selective 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonist ondansetron and GR113808, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that spexin can cause contraction by effecting neuromuscular tissue of rat small intestine. Our results also suggest that muscarinic, 5-HT3 and 5HT4 receptors do not play a role in the contractile effect of spexin. PC078 Effects of Slow Liquid Transit on Colonic Fermentation in the Semi-Continuous Colon Simulation Technique (COSITEC) 1 2 3 Hakan Öztürk , Vedat Sağmanlıgil , Gerhard Breves 1 Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Near East University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nicosia, TRNC 3 University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology, Hannover, Germany AIM: The colonic microflora and their fermentation end-products play important roles in host health. The aim of this study was to determine the responses of colon microflora to slow colonic transit by measuring of the main fermentation parameters (pH, redox potential, total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate and organic matter digestibility). METHODS: The study was carried out with a five-fermenter Cositec system and lasted for a total period of 14 days. Inocula and fermentable substrates were obtained from colon contents of slaughtered pigs. The first 5 days period represented an equilibration period (to achieve steady state conditions) and the following 4 days were used to determine basic parameters of colonic fermentation under control conditions at a buffer infusion rate of 625 ml/day. The last 5 days served as the experimental period. In this last period, the liquid turnover rate in the Cositec system was decreased by about 50% to simulate slow colonic transit. RESULTS: Slow liquid transit caused a rapid decrease in the mean colonic pH from 6.70 to 6.42 (p<0.05). The redox potential as a measure of anaerobic conditions was significantly (p<0.05) increased from -246 to -236 mV. When compared to control conditions, slow liquid transit did not affect butyrate production. However, total VFA production was decreased by 15% (p<0.05). This reduction was mediated by respective changes in the production rates of acetate and propionate. Organic matter digestibility increased (p<0.05) in response to slow liquid transit. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant delay in colonic transit occurs in a variety of diseases and conditions. Delayed transit may also occur due to functional disorders of no known etiology such as nonulcer dyspepsia, idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, and idiopathic constipation. The results of the present study, in which slow colonic transit was simulated, have shown that slow liquid transit alters the biochemical milieu of the colon contents and these changes may have an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal diseases. PC076 The Effect of Central Neuropeptide-S on Gastrointestinal Motor Dysfunction Induced by Maternal Separation Mehmet Bülbül, Osman Sinen, Nimet Vecihe İzgüt Uysal Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey AIM: Chronic stress exposure plays an important role in developing functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). In rodents, postnatal maternal separation (MS) of newborns is a wellestablished model of early life stress that results in permanent changes in central nervous system, triggering visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and FGID. Neuropeptide-S (NPS), a novel brain peptide, selectively binds to its receptor NPSR that is expressed in several brain regions mediating autonomic network, stress response, fear and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether central NPS administration can restore MS-induced VH and chronic stress-induced alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) motor functions. METHODS: Newborn Wistar pups underwent MS for 180 min from postnatal day-2 to day-14. Experiments were performed in 3month-old male rats. VH was assessed by recording abdominal contractions during colorectal distension at 20, 40, 60, 80 mmHg. Gastric emptying (GE) was measured following chronic homotypic stress (CHS) comprised of 90-min restraint stress for 5 days; whereas, fecal output was recorded daily. NPS (16 µg, icv) was administered 30 min prior to measurements. RESULTS: Compared to control, high VH was detected in MS rats 58 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC079 Treatment with Milk Thistle Extract (Silybum Marianum), Ursodeoxycholic Acid or their Combination Attenuates Liver Injury and Stem Cells in Bile Duct-Ligation Induced-Cholestasis in Rats 1,2 1 3 4 Nuray Alaca , Dilek Ozbeyli , Serap Uslu , Hasan Hüseyin Şahin , 5 1 5 1 Gürkan Yigitturk , Hızır Kurtel , Gülperi Oktem , Berrak C. Yeğen 1 Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2 School of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Vocational School of Health, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey, 4 Family Medicine, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. 5 Histology and Embryology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey primarily produced in the stomach and inhibits apoptosis and oxidative damage in various tissues. This study was designed to evaluate the expressions of mTOR signaling pathway components (p-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-tuberin) in stomach tissue of rats and to compare with sulfite and sulfite +ghrelin exposed groups. METHODS: Male Wistar rats weighing 250-450g were equally divided into three groups; each consisting of 10 rats. Control group (C), rats treated with sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) (S), rats treated with Na2S2O5 + ghrelin (SG). Sodium metabisulfite (100 mg/kg/day) was given by gastric gavage and, ghrelin (20 µg/kg/day) was given intraperitoneally for 5 weeks. We have applied immunohistochemistry for mTOR signaling pathway components. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis. Significant findings were further compared by Holm Sidak test. P value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences for p-mTOR (C: 0.32, S: 0.33, S+G: 0.39 p-tuberin expresed cells/total cells) and pp70S6K (C: 0.24, S: 0.24, S+G: 0.26) expression C, S and SG groups. P-Tuberin expression increased in sulfite group when compared to control group (C: 0.35, S: 0.75) (p<0.05). Moreover, its expression decreased in sulfite + ghrelin group (S+G: 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Present study demonstrates the expression of mTOR signaling proteins rat gastric mucosa for the first time in the literature. In addition, this study demonstrated that, ghrelin treatment attenuates ingested-sulfite induced p-Tuberin expression. However, further studies are needed to verify the role of mTOR pathway in gastric cells. AIM: Cholestasis results in hepatic cell death, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually liver failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of milk thistle extract (MT, Silybum marianum) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or their combination on the activation of hepatic stem cells and on the severity of cholestatic liver injury in rats. METHODS: Under anesthesia, bile ducts of female Sprague Dawley rats were ligated (BDL, n=24) or sham-operated (n=6). BDL rats were administered saline, UDCA (15mg/kg/day), MT (600mg/kg/day) or UDCA+MT by gavage for 10 days. On the 10th day rats were sacrificed, blood and liver samples were obtained. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured and histologically evaluated. Stem cell markers c-kit, c-Myc, Oct3/4 and Stagespecific embryonic antigen (SSEA) were determined via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Histological scores, serum ALT and hepatic MDA levels were higher in saline-treated BDL group as compared to the sham rats (p<0.001), while all treatments significantly reduced these levels (p<0.05). The reduction in ALT was significantly greater in UCDA+MT-treated group (p<0.05) than in other groups. c-Kit, cMyc, Oct3/4 and SSEA were increased in saline-treated BDL group with respect to sham (p<0.001), and these markers were reduced in all treatment groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: UDCA, MT and their combination demonstrated similar anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects on cholestatic rat liver injury by modulating the regenerative response. PC081 Effect of Apelin-13 on Liver Damage Following the Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion 1 2 1 Burak Bircan , Murat Çakır , Sevda Kırbağ 1 Fırat University – Faculty of Science/Department of Biology, Elazığ, Turkey 2 İnönü University School of Medicine/Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey AIM: In ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage, other organs may also be damaged together with ischemic organ. Following renal I/R, the liver has clinic importance as the target organ. This study was conducted to determine the effects of apelin-13 on renal I/R that was formed in rats on Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), Total Protein and Albumin which are the reagents of the liver damage. METHODS: 35 male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into five groups as sham control (SH), I/R and three different concentrations of apelin-13 (n=7) were applied. In I/R model, right kidney was taken and left kidney was applied ischemia for 45 minutes and then 3 hour reperfusion. The apelin application groups were given apelin-13 (1, 10 and 100 µg/kg) intraperitoneally at the ischemia initiation. After reperfusion, the animals were decapitated. AST, ALT, GGT, total protein and albumin were determined. RESULTS: While the total protein and albumin levels were decreasing, the AST and ALT levels increased in I/R group with reference to the SH group (p<0.05). The total protein level increased meaningfully in apelin 100 µg/kg group with compare to the I/R group (p<0.05). The ALT level decreased in all the groups which were given apelin with compare to the I/R group, meaningfully (p<0.05). On the other hand, 10 and 100 µg/kg apelin groups had lower AST levels with reference to the I/R group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In renal I/R model, since the apelin-13 decreased PC080 Evaluation of mTOR signaling Pathway Proteins in Rat Gastric Mucosa on Exposed to Sulfite and Ghrelin 1 2 3 Sevim Ercan Kelek , Pınar Şahin , Göksun Başaranlar , Ceren 2 2 3 Kencebay , Narin Derin , Çiler Çelik Özenci 1 Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya, Turkey 2 Akdeniz University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey 3 Akdeniz University, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey AIM: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling serves as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation and survival. Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) is commonly used as preservative in foods, beverages and drugs. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone 59 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress METHODS: Two groups were composed, each containing average weighs 250 grams, 10 male Sprague Dawley rats. Dietary restriction was carried out first group while second group was consist of control rats and fed by ad libitum. Faeces samples were collected from both groups at 0th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, 150th days. De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) Agar were used to Lactobacillus isolation and incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37ºC for 72 h. Development showing yellow-cream colored colonies were identified as Lactobacillus spp. RESULTS: In first group Lactobacillus average count was detected 7.88 log10 kob/g on 1st day and it rised 8.84 log10 kob/g on 150th day. 1 log10 increase, after long time dietary restriction was obtained statistical significant (p=0.02). Lactobacillus average count was defined 8.45 log10 kob/g -1st day, 8.62 log10 kob/g150th day on second group and was not found statistical significance (p=0.32). But in the second group significance was occured on 1-90th (p=0.03), 30-90th (p=0.01), 60-90th (p=0.01) ve 90-120th (p=0.03) days. Results of statistical comparison between groups was not found significance (p=0.222). CONCLUSIONS: The data showed that long-term diet restriction was the increase 1 log10 number of Lactobacillus. Although statistical significance was not appeared when compared with the control group, determined that 150-day dietary restriction was caused positive effect on the number of Lactobacillus in the intestine as a result. the levels of AST, ALT and increased the levels of total protein, it has a protective effect on the liver. PC082 Investigation of Possible Protective Effect of Propolis Extract against Bile Acid Induced Hepatotoxicity 1 1 2 Ümmügülsüm Benek , Bedri Selim Benek , Recep Bayram , 3 1 1 1 Ertuğrul Karğı , Hakan Şakar , Ferda Tonyalı , Kenan Gümüştekin 1 Department of Physiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2 Department of Pharmacology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 3 Department of General Surgery, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey AIM: We investigated possible protective effect of propolisextracts against bile-acid induced hepatotoxicity on viability of hepatocyte. METHODS: We used C3A-human hepatoma cell line. Cells were seeded at concentration of 3x104 cell/100µl into 96-well-plate. We allowed cells to attach to plate during 24h. GCDCA (concentration of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2mM) was added in medium (n=3). After 24h bile-acid application, we determined toxic dose of GCDCA as 1mM by MTT assay. Propolis- extracts (concentration of 50, 10, 5, 1µg/ml) were administered before and after 3h treatment of determined effective dose of bile-acid. Possible protective effects of propolis were measured using MTT assay 24h later. Cells morphology was evaluated by acridine-orange staining under fluorescent-microscope. RESULTS: Comparing alone with treatment group of propolis extracts with control group didn’t show significant effects (p>0.05). It was shown that all dose of propolis aqueous extract treatment before toxicity induced by 1mM-GCDCA and 10 to 50µg/ml propolis aqueous extract after toxicity induced by 1mMGCDCA significantly increased cell viability (p<0.05). Before toxicity induced by 1.5mM-GCDCA, 10 to 50µg/ml propolis aqueous extract showed positive effect (p<0.05). Before and after toxicity induced by 1mM-GCDCA, 1µg/ml propolis ethanol extract showed positive effect (p<0.05). Before and after toxicity induced by 1.5mM-GCDCA, propolis ethanol extract did not show positive effect (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Because there is no sufficient therapy for protection of liver during waiting period before cholestasis operation, and because in-vitro protective effect of propolis has been shown by this study, in-vivo and clinical studies are required to show its effect in human being. PC084 The Investigation of Effect of Dietary Restriction and Beta Glucan on Thyroid Hormones 1 1 2 Gözde Yılmaz Akça , Füsun Ak Sonat , Duygu Udum Küçükşen , 1 Nilay Seyidoğlu 1 University of Uludag, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey 2 University of Uludag, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bursa, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Dietary restriction is a calorie reduction along with essential food intake whitout disturbing the body homeostasis in human and the other species. Dietary restriction is one of the most effective ways known for prolonging the life span and the delay disease in mammals. Beta Glucans are polysaccharide structure compound which are found in variety species’s cellwalls. The aim of this study is investigation of the thyroid hormone levels in long term dietary restriction apply with beta glucan that adult male rats. METHOD: This study planned for four grup. In each group there are 10 male Sprague Dawley rats race: I.Group: Control group fed with ad libitum (Control), II.Group: applied dietary restriction (DK), III.Group: fed ad libitum and applied Beta Glucan (βG), IV.Group: applied Beta Glucan and dietary restriction (βG +DK). Dietary restrictions application is continued for 6 months. Beta Glucan applies 20 mg/kg doses per day for along 14 days by oral feeding tube. The end of this study, TSH, T₃ (triiodothyronine) and T₄ (thyroxine) hormones levels was measured in from blood samples taken from rats. RESULTS: End of the research, significantly increase ( respectively p:0.000, p:0.003, p:0.015) was observed in TSH hormone levels in DK, βG and DK+ βG group compared to the control group. T₄ hormone concentration significantly increased (p:0.001) only in DK+ βG group, also it was higher in DR and βG groups (P＜0.05) but not significantly. However, reduction was observed in DR group and increase in βG group in T₃ hormone levels. The result unchanged in DR+ βG group compared to the control group. T₃ hormone concentrations were not statistically significant. PC083 Effect of Dietary Restriction on Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus 1 2 2 Tülay Elal Muş , Füsun Ak Sonat , Burçin Altınbaş 1 University of Uludag, Vocational School of Keles, Food Technology Programme, Bursa, Turkey 2 University of Uludag, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Dietary restriction is defined as eating less than normal but without malnutrition. The diet is one of the factors that play a role in the regulation of intestinal microflora. Lactobacillus are among the probiotic bacteria, which are desired to be in the digestive system has many useful health effects such as antidiarrheal, hypocholesterolemic, inhibitor on diabetes, protective to cancer. Aim of the present research, evaluate to effect of dietary restriction on Lactobacillus counts in faeces on rat model. 60 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress RESULTS: Gastric mucosal injury caused by I/R was significantly reduced in OXA infused rats while the blood flow significantly increased. Lesion index and blood flow did not change in I/R groups with L-NAME, capsaicin or vagotomy alone, but in LNAME+OXA, Capsaicin+OXA and Vagotomy+OXA groups protective effect of OXA diminished and approached to I/R group levels. I/R also caused an increase in MPO enzyme activity which decreased by OXA infusion. I/R groups with L-NAME, capsaicin and vagotomy did not change the MPO levels. However, when these agents were applied with OXA infusion, the decline in MPO activity diminished. CGRP levels decreased by I/R, but significantly increased by the OXA infusion. CGRP levels did not change in LNAME, capsaicin and vagotomy groups, but decreased in OXA groups. NOx levels increased by I/R, did not change by OXA infusion and decreased in L-NAME group. NOx levels of LNAME+OXA and Capsaicin+OXA groups were significantly lower than the OXA group. I/R increased the iNOS protein expression and it decreased significantly in the OXA and L-NAME groups. CONCLUSION: Sensory neurons and NOS-NO system mediate the protective mechanisms of OXA against I/R related gastric mucosal injuries. CONCLUSION: Based on findings, TSH and T4 hormones levels were affected when coadministered with dietary restriciton and beta glucan. PC085 Investigation of Antiproliferative Effect of Tarantula cubensis Extract against Hepatocellular Carcinoma 1 3 3 3 Recep Bayram , Ertuğrul Karğı , Mustafa Şit , Hayri Erkol , 1 2 2 Muhsine Zeynep Yavuz , Şaban Bayram , Hakan Şakar , Bedri Selim 2 2 Benek , Kenan Gümüştekin 1 Department of Medical Pharmacology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 3 Department of General Surgery, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey AIM: We investigated whether tarantula cubensisextract using in septic conditions, dermatitis, ulcers, pathological changes of proliferative and necrotic formation effects proliferation and viability of C3A cell line of human hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: We used C3A human hepatoma cell line in this study. Cells were grown in DMEM/F12 medium containing %10 FCS and %1 antibiotic under condition with humidified atmosphere (37°C, %5 CO2). Cells were harvested using trypsin/EDTA and were counted with a hemocytometer. Cells were seeded at concentration of 3x104 hücre/100µl into 96 well plate. We allowed for all cells attach to plate during a day. Tarantulacubensis (1/10, 5/100, 1/100, 5/1000, 1/1000 of dilution rate) was added in medium of cells (n=3). After 24h and 48h administration of the tarantula cubensis extract, we determinated influence of tarantula cubensis by MTT assay. The cell morphology was evaluated under the phase-contrast invert microscope. RESULTS: Comparing treatment group of 1/10 diluted tarantula cubensis extract with control group shown any effects on cell viability and proliferation (p>0.05). The results of MTT assay confirmed to observational results. CONCLUSIONS: There have been many studies relating to be effects of tarantula cubensis extract on papilloma, adenocarcinoma and breast tumor in literature. In our study the effects of tarantula cubensis extract was not seen on hepatocellular carcinoma. This situation suggest that tarantula cubensis extract was rapidly metabolized by liver cells that have a highly metabolism activity. PC087 Protective Effect of Possible Olive Oil, Olive Leaves and Olive Seeds on Ethanol Induced Experimental Ulcer Model in Rats 1 1 2 3 Zehra Vural , Mustafa Kahraman , Hilal Şehitoğlu , Ahmet Vural , 4 5 6 1 Kasım Arık , Tuncer Şimşek , Şule Çetiner , Mustafa Deniz 1 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Physiology, Çanakkale, Turkey 2 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University of Medical Biochemistry, Çanakkale, Turkey 3 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University of Medical Microbiology, Çanakkale, Turkey 4 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine General Surgery,Çanakkale, Turkey 5 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Reanimation,Çanakkale, Turkey 6 Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology,Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Rats in the experimental peptic ulcer model created with ethanol in olive oil, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of olive leaf and olive seeds. METHODS: Twelve weeks old eighty male Sprague Dawley rats (weight range 250-300 g) were used in the present study. Olive oil, granulated olive leaves and granulated olive seeds were used from Ayvalık sort olives grown in Çanakkale. Acute pretreatment (1 dose pre-treatment) and chronic (pretreatment for 21 days) as pretreatment olive rats were randomized into two groups (5ml / kg), olive leaves (80 mg / kg) and olive seeds (30mg / kg) orogastric It has given way. After 1 hour the treatment of acute group 24 hours after the last treatment group orogastric chronic 96% ethanol (5mg / kg) by applying an experimental ulcers. An hour later the rats were sacrificed and their stomachs were removed. After macroscopic evaluation of the gastric, tissue samples were taken for the determination of biochemical parameters (Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Catalase (CAT)), and histological examination. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean macroscopic damage was as following; in the acute groups: saline solution control group 0,075; ethanol control 46,1; olive oil group 4,1; olive leaves group 15,2; olive seeds group 31,2; in the chronic groups: saline solution control group 0,075; PC086 Contribution of Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves and Nitric Oxide to the Protective Action of Orexin-A against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats 1 1 2 Ruken Tan , Burcu Gemici , Nimet İzgüt Uysal 1 Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Depatment of Physiology, Nicosia, Cyprus 2 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Depatment of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey AIM: To investigate the protective mechanisms of Orexin-A (OXA) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced gastric injury. METHODS: Male Wistar rats divided into Sham, I/R+Saline, I/R + OXA, I/R+L-NAME, I/R+L-NAME + OXA, I/R + Capsaicin, I/R + Capsaicin+OXA, I/R+Vagotomy,I/R+Vagotomy+OXA groups. 30 min ischemia/3 hours reperfusion was applied to the I/R groups with parallel infusion of saline or OXA (500 pmol/kg/min). Statistical significance of difference was determined using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney-U test. p<0.05 was considered as significant. 61 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress 1 2 3 4 Recep Dokuyucu , Cem Oruç , Oğuzhan Özcan , Hasan Gökçe , 4 1 1 Suphi Bayraktaroğlu , Hatice Doğan , Fatih Sefil 1 Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 4 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey ethanol control 49; olive oil group 8,7; olive leaves group 19,3; olive seeds group 13,8. Acute and especially olive oil in chronic group, olive leaf and olive seeds ulcer increased inflammatory parameters during and ulcers (MDA, MPO) decreased significantly (p <0.05-p <0.001), SOD, CAT and GSH levels increased. The protective effect of olive oil and olive leaf was observed to be more effective than the core (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Test results in the formation of the ulcers olivederived substances and to reduce damage to the mucous membrane was observed to heal ulcers. We believe that these ulcers due to the effect of different antioxidants present in the preventive effect. The consumption of olive and its derivatives in the diet may lead to treatment of various clinical disorders, especially ulcers. AIM: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is known to use due to anticancer, powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects in traditional medicine. We aimed to investigate the genetic, biochemical and histopathological effects of CAPE in a model of liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: The study was planned on 5 group of rats. Group 1: control; Group 2: sham; 3: Liver I/R (60 min/60 min); Group 4: CAPE (7 days, 10 μmol/kg/day); Group 5: CAPE+I/R (before I/R, 10 μmol/kg/day CAPE intraperitoneally applied for 7 days). In I/R group, the hepatic artery and portal vein was explored and blood flow to the left and middle lobes of the liver was cut with atraumatic vascular clamp. 60 minutes ischemia was applied by the atraumatic vascular clamp. After 60 minutes, ischemia was terminated. Blood samples and the tissue samples from the liver were taken to histopathological examination. Liver dysfunction was assessed as histopathological and biochemical parameters. In statistical analysis, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. RESULTS: In terms of oxidative stress index (OSI), a significant increase was recorded in I/R group compared to the control, sham and CAPE groups (p<0.01). A significant reduction in OSI level of CAPE+I/R compared to I/R was calculated (p<0.05). In I/R compared to the control, sham and CAPE groups, cellular swelling, congestion, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) and a significant increase in apoptosis parameters were recorded in histopathological evaluation (p<0.05). A significant reduction in cellular swelling and in the number of PNL and apoptosis were recorded in CAPE+I/R compared to I/R (p<0.05). Other parameters are presently being studied. CONCLUSION: we think that in the cases (before transplantation, chronic liver disease, surgical intervention to hepatic trauma etc.) causing I/R, before I/R, CAPE implementation has healing effects in liver. Our results needs to be confirmed in clinical studies in terms of the introduction of CAPE treatment. Our study has received the support of Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research Project (Project No. 12382). PC088 Effect of Quercetin on Colonic Anastomosis Wound Healing 1 2 1 Ufuk Demı ̇r , Mustafa Edremitlioğlu , Emel Kandaş , Müşerref Hilal 3 Şehitoğlu 1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Canakkale, Turkey 2 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Canakkale, Turkey 3 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Canakkale, Turkey AIM: Colon cancer is the 3rd frequent reason of death according to World Health Organisation statistics. The surgery is substantial in between the treatments. After removing the tumor and remaining portions anastomosis, leaks from the operation area and the complete lack of wound healing may result death. The objective of this study is to discover how quercetin affects the healing of wounds after intestinal anastomosis. METHODS: In this study, eight different groups are designed from Wistar albino rats(n=80) weight of 230-260 g. A 1 cm part of the left colon removed from the colorectal junction under aseptic conditions by opening the abdomen. Then standard process which is end to end anastomosis is applied and abdomen is closed. 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of quercetin is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and administered intraperitoneally for 3 and 7 days. Animals are sacrificed at the end of the 3rd and 7th days and anastomosis area is isolated. Bursting pressure was measured with a pressure transducer and infusion pump. RESULTS: In the study, between the groups performed 3 days application, the burst pressure of 100 mg/kg quercetin treated group (68±9.67 mmHg) showed a significant increase compared to control group (33.48±5.03 mmHg). In the 7-day groups, 20 mg / kg quercetin treated group (319.84±9.67 mmHg) had a significantly increased burst pressure compared to the control group (261±27.58 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, in short time period, 100 mg/kg of quercetin is more helpful in wound healing according to 20 mg/kg dose, on the other hand in long time period, 20 mg/kg dose is found more useful. The relationship of the results with the antioxidant and oxidative parameters on the wound area are examined. This study supported by Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project No: TSA2014-187 PC090 Protective Effects of Curcumin against Formaldehyde-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats 1 2 3 2 Ümit Şener , Ramazan Uygur , Ömer Kurt , Veli Çağlar , İbrahim 4 5 1 Gelincik , Ahmet Gürel , Hasan Erdoğan 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey 3 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey 4 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey 5 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey PC089 The Amelorative Role of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Cape) in a Rat Model of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Model OBJECTIVES: To explore the protective effects of curcumin against 62 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress Supporting Institution: This study was supported by Trakya University (TUBAP-2014/35). renal injury induced by formaldehyde in rats. MATERIALS-METHODS: A total of 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats were included. The animals were divided into three groups. The control group, received 10 ml/kg of physiological saline intragastrically and intraperitoneally on a daily basis. The formaldehyde group were given 10 ml/kg of physiological saline intragastrically plus 10 mg/kg of formaldehyde intraperitoneally. The formaldehyde+curcumin group, received 10 mg/kg of intraperitoneal formaldehyde daily as well as 100 mg/kg of curcumin intragastrically. After the completion of 14 days, the kidneys were removed. Tissue microscopic examination was performed with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were measured in tissue samples. RESULTS: Formaldehyde induced renal injury. The degenerative tissue changes in the formaldehyde+curcumin group seemed to regress, exhibiting similar characteristics to those of the controls. MDA, XO and NO were significantly higher in formaldehyde group than in controls, while a significant reduction occurred in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity in the formaldehyde group. Also, renal tissue MDA, XO and NO were significantly lower in the formaldehyde+curcumin group than in the formaldehyde group, while tissue SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: Curcumin improved the formaldehyde-induced renal degeneration. Also, curcumin was found to prevent the reduction in SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activity, while preventing MDA, XO and NO levels, exhibiting a protective effect against the formaldehyde induced oxidative renal injury. PC092 Electric Field Effects on Rat Kidney Tissue and Role of Resveratrol 1 1 2 2 Rahime Aslankoç , Nurhan Gümral , Nurgül Şenol , Melda Azman 1 Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, Isparta 2 Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Health Sciences of Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Isparta AIM: In recent years, the rapid development of technology increases the exposure to electric and magnetic fields on people. Experimental studies on electric and magnetic fields showed that create stress in different tissues and disrupt organs function. There were no studies in the literature showing any damage to the kidney tissue of 50 Hz electric field. In our study, the protective role of resveratrol on the kidney damage caused by the 50 Hz electric field is investigated. METHODS: A total of thirty two male Wistar albino rats (3-4 month old) were used in this study. These animals were separated into four groups; 1.control, 2.electric field, 3. electric field+resveratrol, 4. resveratrol. The control group was performed saline by gavage. 2. groups 50 Hz (10/kV/m) electric field and saline, 3. groups 50 Hz (10/kV/m) electric field and 20mg/kg/day resveratrol, 4. groups 20mg/kg/day resveratrol were performed. Resveratrol was administered by gavage to the animals. After 30 days the kidney tissue from sacrificed animals were examined as histopathological. RESULTS: The rats in the control group, histological structure of the kidney tissue was determined to have a normal appearance. Exposed to electric field of rats in kidney tissue, tubular dilatation, hydropic degeneration in tubular cells, glomerular contraction and congestion were observed. Electric field+resveratrol group in kidney tissue was obtained similar findings to electric field group. Histopathological changes such as mild tubular dilatation and mild degeneration in tubular cells were observed in resveratrol group. In evaluating the number of cells undergoing apoptosis between the electric field and the control group was statistically significant (p=0.001). Compared to electric fields and electric fields+resveratrol groups difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).There was a significant difference between the resveratrol group and the control group (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological changes in the kidney tissues was found to occur with the electric field. 20 mg/kg/gün resveratrol in the prevention of the damage was not effective. It also shows that resveratrol only group victim of histopathological changes and apoptosis of cells used in the study are doses can be toxic. PC091 The Effects of Lycopene on Myoglobinuric Acute Kidney Injury 1 1 2 Semiha Uzun , Nurettin Aydoğdu , Ebru Taştekin 1 Department of Physiology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey 2 Department of Pathology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey AIM: It is reported that the nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen metabolites have an important role on the physiopathology of myoglobinuric acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene, as an antioxidant, on the kidney injury, renal functions and NO in the myoglobinuric AKI. METHODS: Rats were left thirsty for 24 hours and in group 1 and 2 were received saline, group 3 and 4 were received 8 ml/kg intramuscular glycerol (50 %). Group 1 and 3 were received corn oil, the ones in group 2 and 4 were also taken 10 ml/kg lycopene via gavage after 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The 24-hour urine samples were collected. The rats were euthanized at the 96th hour by taking the blood under anesthesia. Mann-Whitney U test was used to investigate the difference between groups. p<0.05 is accepted as significant. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the serum urea, creatinine and NO levels, ALT and AST activities, kidney glutathione and the malondialdehyde levels in AKI. Histopathological renal damage and tubular cast accumulation were also higher in AKI. In the same group, there was a significant decrease in the renal NO level and in the clearance of creatinine ratio (p<0.05). We have observed that lycopene treatment had some positive action on renal functions and oxidative stress indicators (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lycopene was found to be potential protective agent on renal failure and renal functions. We suggest that it could be useful to add lycopene to the treatment protocols against AKI development after rhabdomyolysis. PC093 The Effects of Lycopene on Experimental Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury 1 1 2 Meryem Demircan Poyraz , Nurettin Aydoğdu , Ebru Taştekin , 3 Necdet Süt 1 Trakya University Medical Faculty Physiology Department, Edirne, Turkey 2 Trakya University Medical Faculty Pathology Department, Edirne, Turkey 3 Trakya University Medical Faculty Biostatistics Department, Edirne, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: It’s indicated that lycopene is protective in many experimental models including renal injury models. We aimed to search the effects of lycopene upon nitric oxide, eNOS, 63 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress these findings into consideration on mathematics education in general and provide information on the similar research subjects peculiar to Turkey. iNOS, malondialdehyte, KIM-1 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and renal functions. METHODS: 4 groups were formed (n=8). Corn oil (group 1 and 3) and lycopene (10 mg/kg) (group 2 and 4) were given on the 60 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 days via gavage without dissecting the renal vessels (group 1, 2). The same treatment were repeated to group 3 and 4 without applying ischemia. 60 minutes ischemia and 24 hours reperfusion were performed. Just after closing the incision in all groups, the rats moved a metabolic cage and euthanasia was applied. Mann-Whitney U test was used for testing the difference between two groups. P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in malondialdehyde level between group 1 and 2. While we compared group 1 and 3, there were significant increases in serum urea, creatinine, NO, malondialdehyde levels, fractional Na release (p<0.01), creatinine kinase activity, urine KIM-1 levels and renal injury and tubular caste accumulation (p<0.05). On the other hand, creatinine clearance, urine NO (p<0.01) and renal glutathione level (p<0.05) were decreased. Lycopene was significantly reduced the MDA levels (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although lycopene increases lipid peroxidation in healthy rat kidneys, it may play a protective role by decreasing MDA level in ischemia/reperfusion injury. We suggest that the mechanism of lycopene should be searched with detailed studies against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Supporting Institution: This study has been supported by Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Unit (TÜBAP-2013/162). PC095 Investigation of the Effects of Melatonin Administration at Experimental Epilesy Model that Induced by Pentylenetetrazole 1 1 1 1 Ferhat Şı ̇rı ̇nyıldız , Rauf Onur Ek , Gökhan Cesur , Yüksel Yıldız , 2 1 1 Kemal Ergin , Cenk Orak , Gül Taşlı Yeşilçayır 1 Adnan Menderes University, Medical School, Physiology Department, Aydın, Turkey 2 Adnan Menderes University, Medical School, Histology Embriology Department, Aydın, Turkey AIM: Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent symptoms/seizures, which are a result of abnormal, excessive or synchronous electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is an agent that triggers tonic-clonic epileptic seizures by affecting reticular formation neurons and cortex neurons. This experimental study aims to investigate the protective effect of dose-dependent melatonin administration on PTZ-induced epileptic rats. METHODS: In this study, 12/14-week-old male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups as (n=10); Control, Epileptic (35mg/kg PTZ), Treatment25 (35mg/kg PTZ+25mg/kg MEL), Treatment100 (35mg/kg PTZ+100mg/kg MEL) groups. Rats’ blood glucose levels(PTZ+30min), epileptic score determination scores(ESD), histological cerebellum analyze, rectal body temperature levels (PTZ+30min) and hot plate test scores were measured all in the same groups and between the groups. Optimum sub convulsive dose for PTZ (35mg/kg) and minimum/maximum effective MEL doses (12,5-50mg/kg/day) that indicated previous researches were injected intraperitoneal cavity(i.p.) on every second day. Appropriate doses of MEL were calculated as 25-100mg/kg considering injection time (PTZ-30min) and half-life of MEL. RESULTS: PTZ and MEL were injected 12 times in 23 days. ESD was measured on injection days. Statistically significant results were found intragroup and intergroup measurements of ESD (p<0,05). Although there was no statistically significant differences (p>0,1) for glucose levels and rectal body temperature levels on Day0 however, the glucose levels of Day23 and body temperature levels of Day11 and Day21 have been found statistically significant. For both hot plate test (Day19) and histological cerebellum analyze (after decapitation), no significant data has been found between groups (p>0,1). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that, melatonin has dose depended therapeutic and prophylactic effects on ESD, body temperature and blood glucose levels during epileptic seizures that affect adversely these parameters, which induced by PTZ. PC094 Literature Review Related to Brain Activation Structures of Individuals during the Implementation Processes of Arithmetical Operations Soner Durmuş, Sefa Dündar, Nazan Gündüz Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Contemporary interdisciplinary research involving neuroscience and education have revealed important findings and provided interesting opportunities for not only educators but also mathematics educators. There has been an increase in the studies on the behavioral dimension related to mathematics education as well as on neuroscience recently. The purpose of the study is to compile the findings on the brain activation structure during the implementation processes of arithmetical operations. METHOD: The study has classified the studies on arithmetic, numbers and operations in terms of certain criteria. The classification is based on age, gender, status of mathematical talent, different forms of representations, simplicity and complexity of arithmetic operations, use of positive and negative real numbers. These studies were also evaluated in terms of fMRI and EEG devices. The different areas of brain that were active in these conditions were compiled by taking into consideration the results of these studies. FINDINGS: The studies examined show differences in the brain activation structures of the individuals in terms of specified classifications. The prefrontal areas of children are more active than that of adults in developmental neuro-imaging studies on arithmetical operations. Individuals with a high degree of mathematical talent have higher activation in the areas of middle temporal gyrus, supplementary motor area and middle superior frontal gyrus compared to those with a low degree of mathematical talent. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study present oppurtunities to researchers to have an insight and design researches that take PC096 Effect of Emotional Behavior Investigation E621 's in Male and Female Rats 1 1 2 Asuman Gölgeli , Kamile Yazgan , Betül Yalçın 1 Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: E621 known as monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) is an additive used to improve aroma food product. MSG, strengthens the flavor of food by increasing saliva properties, raises more frequent and fast food cravings.its is known to cause headaches, 64 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC098 Assessment of Literature about Brain Activation Structures of Gifted Individuals during a Mathematical Activity Soner Durmuş, Sefa Dündar, Ülkü Ayvaz Abant İzzet Baysal University, Education Faculty, Primary Mathematics Education, Bolu, Turkey depression and anxiety, when used as a flavoring chest pain.This study aimed in effects of MSG use to investigate anxiety in rats. MATERIALS-METHODS: This study were used in adult female and male Wistar albino rats. Control and MSG group were generated having four groups each containing 10 rats. MSG group was provided to take for 12 weeks, MSG is added to drinking water. It joined MSG 0.5 liters of drinking water based on total weight of the animals in the cage 250 mg / kg of the subject. Rise on the back of two limbs in open area assembly and T-maze were evaluated of emotional behavior and anxiety.Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test on IBM 21 programs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Treatment group in MSG, number of behavior on rear extremities rise in open space arrangement according were significantly more to be seen, indicating change of curiosity behavior the control group (p <0.05). T-maze test was significantly delayed fear responses in both sexes use of MSG (p <0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the emotional behavior among men and groups, outside. RESULT: Wistar male and female rats were used MSG application in open field locomotor apparatus in both sexes has increased its exploration activity and behavior. T-maze test using the resulting anxiety made it difficult to learn the fear of MSG in male and female rats. It indicates that the fear response develops regardless of sex. This work was supported by Erciyes University Research Fund project by No. TYL-2014-5462. AIM: It is expected that individual differences at a partricular level as giftedness bring about individual differences in neural system. Together with neuroscience studies took place in education field, giftedness studies have a new direction. These studies went beyond behavioral data and how do brain activation structures of gifted individuals differentiate according to that of nongifted ones has been investigated by various studies. In this respect, the aim of this study is to examine the results of EEG studies investigating brain activation structures of gifted and nongifted individuals during a mathematical activity with a critical approach. METHOD: Studies in which gifted and nongifted individuals took place as participants and investigating brain activation structures during any mathematical activities were included in the study. Among these studies having these criteria, only using EEG were evaluated. In the scope of this study, it was achieved that interpretations and evaluations by compiling the results of obtained studies. RESULTS: When conducted the studies were investigated, it appeared that differences existed between gifted and nongifted individuals’ brain activation structures during neutral and a mathematical activity situation. It was prominently found that gifted indviduals showed less intellectual effort during cognitive activity and used their left hemispheres more while nongifted individuals showed more intellectual effort and used their rigt hemispheres more. Moreover, it was also a significant result distinguishing gifted indivduals from nongifted ones that the former showed more cooperation between brain areas. CONCLUSIONS: When the results of the studies in literature are taken into account, it is seen that gifted individuals have different brain structures. The results appearing from this study gain importance in terms of informing studies that will be conducted in the field of mathematics education. PC097 Effect of Ethyl Alcohol of Short Term Consumption Pain Threshold and Addiction in Rats 1 1 2 Kamile Yazgan , Asuman Gölgeli , Receb Tayyib Yıldırım , Zeynep 2 1 İnce , Sacide Yıldız 1 Erciyes University Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Erciyes University Medical School Phase III, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: Alcoholic beverage alcohol contained in ethyl alcohol (ethanol) since ancient times pleasing, soothing, used as drugs and painkillers. Positive reinforcement, such as reducing alcohol intake and relieve anxiety properties as are known to cause this behavior after the first increased intake of alcohol dependence. This study we aimed to the effects different doses in a short time investigate of ethyl alcohol consumption and dependence on pain threshold in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult female Wistar albino rats were used in the study. Control, 10% and 20% ethyl alcohol were formed consumption (n = 7), three groups. The experimental group alcohol added was the drinking water of 10% and 20% ethyl and water was allowed to take 10 days. This study after pain threshold, in Hot plate and von Fray test, in dependence were evaluated on conditional place preference in experimental groups. Data were analyzed with ANOVA-Tukey test IBM 21 programs. RESEARCH FINDINGS: Hot plate test while licking paws in the ethanol group (sn) increased significantly (p <0.05). The von Fray test increased thickness of the submerged filament to paw paw withdrawal response was significantly delayed in etanol group (p <0.05). Conditional place preference test of time is spent in target region (sn) has been extended significantly in ethanol group (p <0.05). RESULT: Female Wistar albino rats by 10% and 20% ethyl alcohol suggesting for 10 days that of hot plate and von Fray increase the pain threshold tests that they decrease free nerve endings perception. The conditioned place preference test dependence tendency is observed ethanol group. PC099 The Efects of Curcumine on the Oxidative Stress in the Aged Rat Brain 1 1 2 Kazime Gonca Akbulut , Arzu Keskin Aktan , Çiğdem Yazıcı Mutlu 1 Gazi University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Ankara University, Institute of Health Sciences Department of Interdisciplinary Neuro Science, Ankara, Turkey AIM: In aging process, the production of radicals in several tissues increases while antioxidant capacity reduces. Curcumin is a polyphenol which has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of curcumin treatment on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), i.e. an oxidative stress indicator, and glutathione (GSH) which functions as an antioxidant system indicator in various brain regions of aged rats. METHODS: Following the approval of the ethical committee, a total of eighteen male Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups; 1.Young-control (4 months-old, n=6), 2.Aged-control (2022 months-old, n=6), 3.Aged-Curcumin (20-22 months-old, n=6). Control groups received PBS (sc), while Aged-Curcumin group treated with curcumin (30mg/kg, ip) for 30 days. Brain tissues were sampled from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and 65 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC101 Effect of Timokinon and 7-Nitroindazol Combination on Penicilin Induced Epileptiform Activity in Rat 1 2 3 Elif Altınkaynak , Gökhan Arslan , Sabiha Kübra Alıcı , Mustafa 4 4 Ayyıldız , Erdal Ağar 1 Department of Nursing, Nursing High School, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Medical School, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey 3 Department of Physiology, Medical School, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey 4 Departmentof Physiology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey cerebellum. MDA levels (nmol/g) were measured by formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and GSH levels (μmol/g) were determined by a modified-Ellman method. MannWhitney U test and Spearman' Rho were conducted at p<0,05. RESULTS: The MDA levels were significantly higher in the cortex, and the GSH levels were significantly lower in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of the aged-control group when compared to the young one. Exogenous curcumin treatment significantly decreased the MDA levels in cortex, and significantly increased the GSH levels of all the examined brain regions when compared to aged-control group (p<0,05). However the MDA level of hippocampus and serebellum were not significanty different in curcumin and control groups. No correlation was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that curcumin has a neuroprotective impact against to oxidative stress in the aging process of brain. AIM: It is well known that free radicals are a cause of epilepsy. Nitric oxide (NO) also plays role in epilepsy. The effect of NO on epilepsy is still controversial. The role of specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-Nitroindazole (7-NI) was investigated in anticonvulsant effect of Timokinon (TQ) on Penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. METHODS: 28 Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups as control group (penicillin), TQ, 7-NI and the combination group (7NI + TQ). Rats were anesthetized with 1.25 mg/kg (ip) urethane and placed in a rat stereotaxic apparatus. Bipolar two electrodes were placed over the somatomotor cortex of the left hemisphere and the ECoG activity was monitored on PowerLab data acquisition system. 500 IU Penicillin-G was injected intracortically to the rats brain cortex in all groups. In the experimental groups; nNOS inhibitor 7-NI (40 mg/kg) and TQ (80 mg /kg) were applied intraperitoneally. One-Way ANOVA Post-Hoc Tukey Test was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: While TQ (80 mg/kg) and 7-NI decreased the mean of frequency of epileptiform activity in the 40 (p<0.01) and 50 minutes (p<0.05) compared to control group without changing amplitude, respectively. The administration of 7-NI + TQ decreased the mean of frequency of epileptiform activity in the 40 minutes (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of present study show that TQ and 7-NI are anticonvulsant in the penicillin-induced epileptic activity. TQ does not show its effect via NOS/NO pathway, since 7-NI did not inhibit the anticonvulsant effect of TQ. However, further studies will be needed for the certain mechanism. PC100 Effects of Fasting in the Month of Ramadan on Circadian Cortisol Levels 1 1 2 1 Tuba Özgöçer , Cihat Uçar , Hilal Yıldırım , Pınar Çakan , Sedat 1 Yıldız 1 Inonu University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey 2 Inonu University, Health Faculty, Department of Public Health, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Long term fasting and sleep disturbances are stressor that affects the body. The fasting which is a prayer of Muslims on Ramadan, stay away from food and water about seventeen hours along day for one month. Aim of the current study was to investigate effects of long daytime fasting on circadian cortisol secretion during summer period and asses its relationship with sleep and physical activity. METHODS: Fasting women (n=42) and men (n=27) volunteers aged 14 to 46 years participated to this study. Saliva samples were collected before morning breakfast (02.30 am), before and after night breakfast (about 19.00 pm and 21.00 pm, respectively). Free cortisol was measured by ELISA method. Moreover, STAI I and STAI II anxiety scales were used to assess information on sleep and physical activity. All procedures were conducted according to the Clinic Research Ethics Committee of Malatya (protocol No. 2013/204). Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test or by Kruskal Wallis and data which are not normally distributed were analysed by Friedman test. p<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: Cortisol concentrations were not different among periods of study time points (p>0.05). Gender did not affect cortisol concentrations. However, cortisol levels were lower in participants sleeping less (approximately 4-6 hours/day) than sleeping longer (approximately 10 hours/day) period of time (p<0.05). The cortisol levels were lower in participants who performed mild physical activity after night breakfast (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ramadan fasting for approximately 16-17 hours did not appear to influence circadian cortisol secretion. It was thought that this could be due (1) to adaptation of body to fasting as the study was carried out in the last week of Ramadan month and (2) to mental preparedness to the fasting due to Islamic precepts. Additionally, shorter sleep time and mild physical exercise were associated with lower cortisol concentrations. PC102 Examination of Emotional State and Cognitive Functions of Parents with Mental Disabled and Physically Handicapped Children 1 1 1 2 Necip Kutlu , Nuray İnci Can , Beste Ölçgen , Erol Ozan 1 Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Manisa, Turkey 2 Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey AIM: We think providing support services for situations in which families with handicapped children found, would be useful in reduction of anxiety levels of parents and depression levels and handling with stress.Also we aim to reveal relations between response rate and quality,continuous attention-problem solving skills and comprehension and evaluation of relations between events, under physiologically intense stimulus flow and stress. METHODS: We planned to study on voluntary parents who are elder than 18 years old, living in Manisa or around, having handicapped children. As control group psychological surveys and physiological tests will be performed on voluntary parents who 66 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC104 Effects of Ingested Sulfite on Glutamate Synthesis and Release in the Hippocampus 1 1 2 Narin Derin , Ceren Kencebay , Mehmet Bülbül , Dijle Kipmen 3 4 3 Korgun , Ayşe Güzide Ocak , Mutay Aslan 1 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey 2 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey 3 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey 4 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey have healthy children. Personal information form is given to individuals and physiologic skills involving continuous attentionproblem solving, reasoning, response rate-quality are measured by SPM,COG,İİB and DT tests which are found in the Vienna Test System Psychotechnic battery.Emotional state is evaluated by Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale(HAD) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI1-STAI2).After all datas will be evaluated by SPSS15.0. RESULTS: Results from researches shows that mothers who have handicapped children have higher anxiety and depression levels than average.And some individuals are in normal range, but close to the upper cut-off score. In examination of cognitive functions correct response number under physiologically stress was normal and decrease in comprehension and attention tests scores was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety has an important role in cognitive skills and it is believed to affect cognitive performance usually in negative manner. According to the obtained results we claim that parents who have handicapped children are under risk of depression and anxiety,this affects cognitive performance and cognitive skills of attention and comprehension in negative manner.Our study is continuing. AIM: Negative effects of dietary sulfite intake on learning have been determined recently, without any underlying mechanism being proposed. Whether sulfite exerts negative effects on learning and memory by manipulating mentioned glutamate cycle was studied in this project. METHODS: 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (K) and, sulfite (S) groups which were given distilled water and sodiummetabisulfite (25mg/kg/day) via gavage for 35 days. Radial arm-maze and open field tests were performed in order to evaluate learning and memory functions. Glutamate and glutamine levels were determined in the dialysate collected by microdialysis. Additionally, VGLUT-1, EAAT-1, EAAT-2 levels were measured by PCR method and glutaminase, glutamine synthetase levels were determined by ELISA method in hippocampal homogenate. RESULTS: While no significant difference was observed between open field results of groups, radial arm maze data revealed that sulfite caused learning impairment in S group. In molecular aspect, glutamate, glutamine, VGLUT-1, EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 levels did not differ between the groups. Nevertheless, a significant decrease was shown in glutamine synthetase and glutaminase levels of S group. CONCLUSIONS: Since these results implies that negative effects of sulfite might be partially mediated by the manipulation of glutamate cycle, future studies, investigating the interaction between sulfite and glutamate receptors, should be conducted. Our project is supported by TÜBİTAK (project number: 213S090) PC103 Effects of Low Calorie Diet Started In Adolescence and Continued Through Adulthood on Learning-Memory; Serum Levels of Oxidant and Antioxidant Markers 1 2 1 Zülal Kaptan , Şule Batu , Gülay Üzüm 1 Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Oxidative stress plays a major role in decline of cognitive functions. It is known that, calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity and can prevent age-related disease and cognitive decline. One of the proposed mechanisms for protection of CR is antioxidant effect. We investigated the effects of low calorie diet (LCD) started in adolescence and continued through adulthood on learning/memory and serum oxidant/antioxidant levels. METHODS: 28 days-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into 2 groups: 8 weeks standard diet (SD); 8 weeks LCD. After the related feedings of groups, spatial learning/memory was evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test and non-spatial memory was evaluated by passive avoidance test. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels-indicator of lipid peroxidationtotal thiol and SOD levels both are antioxidant, were measured with enzymatic spectrophotometric methods. Comparison between groups was made with Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: LCD reduced MDA (p<0.01), elevated thiol (p<0.05) and SOD (p<0.01) levels in serum. However, LCD impaired consolidation and long-term memory in the passive avoidance test. LCD did not adversely affect the performance in MWM task, but increased thigmotactic swimming (p<0.05) which is stress indicator. CONCLUSIONS: We thought that despite the increase in antioxidants, negative effect of LCD on nonspatial memory is connected to the potential stress effect of LCD and sex. It was showed that stress impairs memory in female rats but not in male rats. Our original results suggest the necessity of further studies about the effects of CR on memory types, in the context of gender and duration of CR. PC105 Investigation of the Effect of Macrophage-Mediated Pulsed Magnetic Field to the Sciatic Nerve Regeneration 1 2 3 İbrahim Kahraman , Mustafa Güven , Recep Dokuyucu , Fatih 3 2 Sefil , İsmail Günay 1 Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Cukurova University, Hatay, Turkey 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Peripheral nerve injuries can be caused by mechanical trauma, thermal, chemical, congenital or pathological etiologies. If the restoration of damaged nerves is not provided, it can cause the loss of muscle function, the sensory disorders and painful neuropathies. The injured region distal to the injury undergoes Wallerian Degeneration (WD). The role of macrophages during WD has been the subject of many experimental studies. During axonal regeneration, macrophages secrete more than 100 factors including cytokines, growth factors and proteolysis enzymes. It has been suggested that these factor modulate tissue growth, wound 67 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC107 Anxiyolitic Effects of Duloxetine in the Mice Predator Avoidance Test 1 2 2 2 Hasan Çalışkan , Çiğdem Altınsaat , Nesrin Sulu , C. Etkin Şafak 1 Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department, Ankara, Turkey 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology Department, Ankara, Turkey healing and phagocytosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the Effect of Macrophage-Mediated Pulsed Magnetic Field (PMA) in Traumatic mononeuropathy model. METHODS: Total numbers of 30 rats were enrolled for the study. Rats were divided into 3 groups. Group 1: control group; Group 2: Injured; Group 3: Injured+PMA. Injuries were formed at right sciatic nerves by crushing. In the study sucrose-gap technique was used and histomorphometric analysis was performed. After injury, 4-Aminopiridin (4-Ap) was used to determine Potassium (K+) channel development and localization in myelin development. After sciatic nerve injury, rats were subjected to PMA application for 4 weeks (1 hour /day, violence: 1.5 m, pulse frequency: 1-1020-40 Hz). RESULTS: Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Compound action potential (CAP) amplitude and latency of the control group was measured as 68,5 ± 1,2 mV and 0,22 ± 0,07, respectively. In the injury group, it was 23,8 ± 2,1 mV and 0,76 ± 0,03 ms and in PMA group it was 32,8 ± 2,2 mV and 0,51 ± 0,03 ms. Changes in BAP parameters are significant at the p <0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, results of the current study suggest that PMA may have functional healing effect in myelin development after peripheral nerve damage. AIM: Panic attack includes emotion feelings such as sudden fear and anxiety that can be both serious health problem and affect social life. Duloxetine is an antidepressant drug that affects noradrenerjic and serotenerjic system. Our goal is to investigate the effect of Duloxetine in anxiety and panic attack like behavior in mice by exposure of the predator. METHOD: Our study was carried out on 15 male, 10-12 weeks old Swiss Albino mice. Male, 230 g Wistar Albino rat was used as a predator stimuli during the course of the study. Mice were divided into three groups. Duloxetine was applied 5mg/kg, 130mg/kg and saline 10 days i.p in group I and group II respectively. The rat exposure test was conducted in a 46 cmx24 cmx21 cm glass chamber. Mice encounters rat in chamber that was divided into 2 equal chamber. The shelter chamber was 7 cm x 7 cm x 21 cm glass chamber. Chambers were connected with a tunnel. Mice can pass shelter chamber via this tunnel. All subject was retrieved adaptation before the trial 4 consecutive days and 10 minutes daily without rat. Duloxetine was Exposure chamber time, shelter chamber time, tunnel time, rearing was recorded. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 30 mg/kg Duloxetine group showed anxiyolitic effect. Exposure chamber time and rearing increased, shelter chamber time reduced in this group. Shelter chamber time showed significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The shelter time increased in 5mg/kg Duloxetine group compare to control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 30 mg/kg Duloxetine showed anxiyolitic effect that the new environment explorer behavior, rearing number and the exposure time increased. The shelter time increased in 5mg /kg Duloxetine group compare to control group as an unexpected result. PC106 Investigation of the Healing Effects of Selenium on Learning Deficit is caused by Lactation Period Created Hyperthyroidism 1 1 1 1 Burak Tan , Umut Bakkaloğlu , Marwa Wael Yousef , Ercan Babur , 2 1 1 Soner Bitiktaş , Meral Aşçıoğlu , Cem Süer 1 Department of Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey AIM: Hyperthyroidism leads to adverse changes in the hippocampal-dependent learning and memory ability. In the present study, the healing effect of selenium on learning defict was investigated in the offspring of mother rats given L-thyroxine in lactation period. METHODS: 24 pregnant rats were used in this study. Male offspring of mothers (LH group) were treated with L-thyroxine (0.2 mg kg–1 body mass, 1 mL) during the lactational period to produce hyperthyroidism. Some of these offsprings were treated with Selenium (tap water containing 10 ppm Se) (postnatal 39-60), after induced lactational hyperthyroidism (SE group). Control group (CG) consisted of male rat offspring from control mothers. Spatial learning and memory performance was measured in the Morris Water Maze (n=12-16 per group). Measurements were all done in rats are 60-66 days old. RESULTS: One way ANOVA followed by LSD test showed that LH rats swam more distance and spent more time to find the hidden platform accompanied with slower swimming speeds and higher anxiety by comparing with control rats (P< 0,005). Compared with the control group rats were no significantly differences in the selenium group rats (p>0.05). There was no significantly differences between the groups in terms of time spent in the target quadrant in the probe test. CONCLUSION: These results have suggested that selenium could have therapeutic effect on the impairment of hippocampaldependent learning ability induced by high thyroid hormone levels in the offspring of mothers with hyperthyroidism in the lactation period. Acknowledgements: This study was supperted by TÜBİTAK (113S345) and Erciyes University Scientific Research Foundation (TYL-2014-5377). PC108 Reducing Effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Rats Bedri Selim Benek, Erkan Kılınç, Hakan Şakar, Ümmügülsüm Benek, Şaban Bayram, Fatma Töre, Kenan Gümüştekin Department of Physiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey AIM: Epilepsy is a common serious neurological disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Epileptic seizures result from an abnormal and excessive electrical discharge of a group of neurons in the brain. Epilepsy affects people of all ages but it exhibits distinct characteristics among different groups of age. Even though some organic causes are asserted about epilepsy pathophysiology, its exact pathophysiology remains unclear. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a strong neuroprotective neuropeptide synthesized by neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Vasoactive intestinal peptide may has a modulatory role in regulation of intra-thalamic ritmic activity in the thalamo-cortical circuit as associated with epilepsy pathophysiology. We aimed to investigate effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats. 68 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress saline/PTZ groups. Microscopically, neuronal damage observed in the cortex and hippocampus was alleviated in obestatin-PTZ group. CONCLUSIONS: Obestatin, which alleviated severity of PTZinduced seizures, reduced memory dysfunction and neuronal damage, appears to act by inhibiting the generation of ROM, neutrophil infiltration and oxidative damage. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats (totally 15, weight 250–300 g) were used. Control-group (n=5) was applied saline (0,2 ml, i.p.), pentylenetetrazole- group (PTZ, n=5) was applied alone PTZ (56 mg/kg, i.p.) and PTZ+vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-group (PTZ+VIP, n=5) was applied a combination of PTZ (56 mg/kg, i.p.) and VIP (25 ng/kg, i.p.). Rats with ketamine anesthesis(60 mg/kg, i.p.) were placed in the stereotaxic apparatus. After craniotomy, two ball electrodes were placed over the left somatomotor cortex. Epileptiform activity was recorded using electrocorticogram (ECoG). Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: PTZ produced significantly epileptiform activity (increased frequency of spike wave discharges) compared with its basal activity (p<0,001) in PTZ-group. On the other hand VIP reduced significantly the increases induced by PTZ (p<0,05) in the combine-group (decreased frequency of spike wave discharges). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that vasoactive intestinal peptide ameliorates pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures reducing frequency of spike wave discharges result from cortical neurons. Probably, vasoactive intestinal peptide as a co-transmitter may modulate the release of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters from neurons in thalamo-cortical circuit. This research was supported by the Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Committee (2013.08.01.637). PC110 The Effects of Bilberry in Oxidative and Antioxidative Systems of Nicotine Treated Brain Tissue of Rat's 1 2 3 1 Serap Yıldırım , Songül Doğanay , Arzu Şahin , Saime Şebin , Engin 4 4 Şebin , Abdulkadir Yıldırım 1 Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Erzurum, Turkey 2 Sakarya University Health Services Vocational High School, Department of Physiotherapy, Sakarya, Turkey 3 Ordu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ordu, Turkey 4 Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey AIM: It was shown in previous studies that bilberry has antioxidant potential. The aim of this study is to inspect the effects of bilberry on oxidant/antioxidant balance against oxidative stress which is generated by nicotine in rat brain tissue. METHODS: 27 Sprague-Dawley type male rats were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into four groups; control group (n=6), bilberry group (n=7), nicotine group (n=7) and nicotine + bilberry group (n=7). The rats were fed by 100 mg/kg/day of bilberry extract through gavage and by nicotine extract 2.5 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for 30 days. Total oxidant condition (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in brain tissues by spectrophotometric method and oxidative stress status was determined. Collected data was analyzed using SPPS statistics program. RESULTS: When results were compared, it was found out that TAC levels of the nicotine group were less than (p<0.05) control group, while TOC levels were higher in (p<0.05) nicotine group. It was determined that TAC and TOC values were significantly different in bilberry group (p<0.005 for both) compared to nicotine group. However, TAC and TOC values did not show any statistically significant difference between control and nicotine+bilberry group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that nicotine may affect the TOC levels in rat brain tissue and accordingly cause oxidative stress, while bilberry extract may provide antioxidant protection against oxidative stress by increasing TAC. PC109 The Protective Effects of Obestatin on Oxidative Brain Damage of Rats with Pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced Epileptic Seizures 1 2 2 Türkan Koyuncuoğlu , Doğan Üren , Sefa Semih Atal , Hakan 2 2 2 3 Yılmaz , Çağan Yıldırım , Caner Vızdıklar , Dilek Akakın , Elif 3 4 1 Kervancıoğlu Demirci , Meral Yüksel , Berrak Çağlayan Yeğen 1 Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul, Turkey 2 Marmara University School of Medicine 4th Medical Students, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: In generalized epilepsy, generation of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) triggers convulsions. Obestatin, that exerts antioxidant effects in several models, was investigated for its impact on severity of seizures, memory performance and oxidative brain injury. METHODS: Following a learning-trial using passive-avoidance test, Wistar male rats (n=60) were injected intraperitoneally with saline or obestatin (1 μg/kg) and 30-min later with pentylentetrazol (PTZ; 45 mg/kg). In the control group, PTZ was not administered. Videotaped seizures were evaluated by Racine’s scoring method. Rats were decapitated on the 24th or 72nd hour of PTZ-injection. Brain malondialdehyde, glutathione levels, myeloperoxidase activity and chemiluminescence, showing generation of ROM, were measured and histopathological analysis was made. ANOVA and Student’s t tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Generation of tonic-clonic seizures was reduced in obestatin-PTZ group (25%) compared to saline-PTZ (58.3%) and seizure scores were lower (p<0.01). Compared to control group, reduced memory performance in saline-PTZ (p<0.01-0.001) was reversed with obestatin (p<0.05). Increased brain malondialdehyde, luminol/lucigenin chemiluminescences, myeloperoxidase activity in saline-PTZ group (p<0.05) were reversed by obestatin in 72-h-PTZ group (p<0.05); but not in 24-hPTZ group. Glutathione levels, which were increased by obestatin in 24-h PTZ group (p<0.001), were not different than 72-h PC111 Effect on Pain of Sodium and Calcium Channel Inhibitors in Parkinson Rat Model Nadide Özkul Doğru, Davut Sinan Kaplan, Cahit Bağcı University of Gaziantep, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep, Turkey AIM: James Parkinson described Parkinson’s disease (PD) as “shaking palsy” in 1817 and said that “pain” or “rheumatism” often accompanies this disorder. Pain, a non-motor symptom of PD affects 40-75% of patients. While nociceptor’s peripheral tip, affects pain sensory, has many ion channels, it has been shown especially voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels play a role in the pathogenesis of pain. The aim of this study is to investigate effects on pain formation and analgesia of impaired channel 69 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress axonal degeneration and decrease in myelinated sheet thicknesses were determined in the first trimester of ethanol group. The number of glia cells reduced in all trimesters. Increase in myelinated sheet thicknesses and axonal diameters were detected in especially 1st and 3rd trimester of Ethanol+Melatonin group when compared with ethanol group. RESULTS: According to biochemical and histological results, it was demonstrated that melatonin showed a neuroprotective effect as an antioxidant agent as well as the teratogenic effect of ethanol especially in the first trimester in this study. homeostasis in patients with PD. METHODS: In this study, 50 rats were divided into 5 groups: control, PD (6-OHDA group), PD+jetocaine, PD+verapamil and PD+jetocaine+verapamil. An experimental model of PD induced using sterotactic method in all rats except control group. In this model, substantia nigra’s coordinates were determined using of the Paxinos-Watson atlas and 6-OHDA was injected here. Effect of drugs on pain sensation were evaluated by using tail-flick device in 3. weeks after surgical procedure. The values were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: When pain status before and after surgical procedure were compared in groups, the difference was statistically significant in all groups except control group. When measurements of pain, after treatment, were compared with PD+jetocaine, PD+verapamil and PD+jetocaine+verapamil groups, difference was statistically found significant in all these groups. However, when PD+jetocaine+verapamil groups compared with others, value of p had significantly higher (p=0.003) and combination of these two channel blockers is performed more effective analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: According to findings, analgesia can be achieved by using sodium and calcium channel blockers in PD. Analgesic effect of calcium channel blockers appeared to have more powerful than sodium channel blockers. PC113 Evaluation of Spatial Learning and Memory Performance in Congenital Hyperthyroidism Rats 1 1 2 1 Umut Bakkaloğlu , Burak Tan , Soner Bitiktaş , Kalender Özdoğan , 1 1 Meral Aşçıoğlu , Cem Süer 1 Department of Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey AIM: In this study, hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory performance was aimed to investigate the negative impact of thyroid hormones in the male offspring of hyperthyroid mothers. METHODS: 24 pregnant rats were used in this study. Male offspring rats of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg kg–1 body mass, 1 mL) administered mother rats (n=8) for 21 days consisted of congenital hyperthyrodism group (CH). Pups were treated with L-thyroxine from PND39 to PND60 (postnatal day) were consisted of adultonset hyperthyroid group (AOH). Saline injected the pups were the control group (CG). Spatial learning and memory performance was measured in Morris Water Maze (n=12-16 per group). Serum thyroxine levels were measured by ELISA (n=6 per group). Measurements were all done in rats aged 60-66 days. RESULTS: fT4 levels were significantly higher in CH rats (2.95±0.18 ng/dL) and AOH rats (2.96±0.17 ng/dL) than CG rats (1.64±0.18 ng/dL). A one way ANOVA followed by LSD test revealed that the CH and AOH rats swam more distance and spent more time to find the hidden platform than CG rats (p< 0.005). This finding was accompanied with slower swimming speed and higher anxiety level in the CH rats (p< 0.005). There was no significant differences in spend time in the target quadrant in probe trial amongst groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that high thyroide hormone level of mother rats in gestation period causes a longlasting effect on hippocampus function of male offspring rats. It has been supporting that these effects responsible for learning disorders in adulthood. Acknowledgements: This study was supperted by TÜBİTAK (113S345) and Erciyes University Scientific Research Foundation (TYL-2014-5377). PC112 The Protective Role of Melatonin against the Teratogenic Effect of Ethanol on the Optic Nerve 1 2 3 Orhan Akyüz , Yunus Yılmaz , Hatice Köse Özlece , Deniz 1 4 5 6 Gökpınar , Gülname Fındık Güvendi , Sergülen Aydın , Serpil Can , 7 8 Başak Büyük , Mehmet Turgut 1 Kars State Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Kars, Turkey 2 Kafkas University, Department of Pediatry,Kars, Turkey. 3 Kafkas University, Department of Neurology, Kars, Turkey 4 Kafkas Univesity, Department of Pathology, Kars,Turkey. 5 Kafkas Univesity, Department of Family Medicine, Kars, Turkey. 6 Kafkas Univesity, Department of Physiology, Kars, Turkey. 7 Ataturk University, Department of histology, Erzurum, Turkey. 8 Adnan Menderes University, Department of Neurosurgery, Aydın, Turkey. AIM: The malformations in pregnancy may change in a time and dose dependent manner of teratogen. It is well-known that ethanol is a kind of teratogen. In this study, our aim was to investigate the teratogenic effect of ethanol on optic nerve and the efficiency of melatonin as a possible neuroprotective agent. METHODS: Wistar albino female rats (200-250 gr) were used for this study. The rats were divided into mainly 4 groups as following; Control, Ethanol, Melatonin and Ethanol+Melatonin, then divided into 3 subgroups according to trimester terms. Totally, rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. Rats were intraperitoneally treated with single doses of ethanol (2 g/kg), melatonin (10 mg/kg) and saline solution (1 ml/kg). Optic nerves from 72 fetuses were dissected and examined by biochemical and histopathological methods. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test. FINDINGS: It was detected that MDA level significantly increase (p<0,05) only in the 1st trimester in contrast to 2nd and 3rd (p>0,05) when antioxidant activities were examined. Additionally, SOD activity also increased in the 1st trimester in Ethanol+Melatonin group (p<0,05). No significant differences were detected in other trimesters. Myelinated sheets improvement of optic nerves were histologically normal appearance in all trimesters both control and melatonin groups. However, the PC114 Dynamics of Serotonin-Modulating Anticonsolidation Protein in the Early Stages of Xenopus Laevis Development Adil Vagif Aminov A.I.Karaev Institute of Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan AIM: The role of serotonin-regulating proteins such as serotoninmodulating anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) in the said processes is poorly studied. METHODS: The study was conducted on the embryo of frog Xenopus laevis. SMAP level was analyzed with an ELISA method in the embryo cells in different stages of the early development with. Embryonic cells were incubated in the media containing SMAP at 70 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress glutation sythetase and HSP70 genes, RAPD band pattern and genomic template stability were determined to be acceptable biomarkers of oxidative stress sources from pinealectomy treatment in both TA and LV tissue of Sprague Dawley rat. concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/ml. RESULTS: SMAP level gradually decreased from the zygote stage (stage1-2) to metamorphosis stage (stage 53) statistically significantly (p<0.001). SMAP level curve presented a complicated pattern. Particularly, at the beginning of blastula (stage 7) SMAP level was downregulated significantly (p<0.01) leaving stable at late blastula (stage 7), gastrula (stage 11) and whole neurula (stages 13-20) stages. While passing to the next early tailbud stage (stages 22-28) SMAP was downregulated by over 32% (p<0.001). In the onset of late tailbud stage (stage 37) SMAP level continued going down (p<0.001). In the next stage, middle of late tailbud stage (stage 42), significant upregulation of SMAP was noticed (p<0.001). In the next stages (44, 45, 49 and 53) SMAP level decreased in linear manner. In the second series exposure of embryos at zygote, blastula and gastrula stages to SMAP at both doses leaded to delay in development and death in 4 days in all groups. CONCLUSION: The results show that SMAP level decreases depending on the early development stages, with exclusion of middle and end of late tailbud stages. On the other hand, incubation of embryos with SMAP on the early stages of embryogenesis is not compatible with life. Based on these data, it can be concluded that SMAP inhibits proliferation process in the early development stages. PC117 Effect of Picroside-2 on Erythrocyte Deformability and Lipid Peroxidation in Rats Subjected to Lower Extremity Ischemiareperfusion Injury 1 2 2 3 Faruk Metin Çomu , Yiğit Kılıç , Abdullah Özer , Mehmet Kirişçi , 4 2 2 Ali Doğan Dursun , Tolga Tatar , Mustafa Hakan Zor , Hakan 2 5 6 7 Kartal , Ayşegül Küçük , Hakan Boyunağa , Mustafa Arslan 1 Kirikkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kirikkale. 2 Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Turkey 3 Necip Fazıl State Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kahramanmaras, Turkey 4 Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 5 Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey 6 Kirikkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale, Turkey 7 Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey PC116 Potential Biomarkers for Melatonin Deficiency in Thoracic Aorta and Left Ventricle of Pinealectomised Rats 1 2 1 Oğuzhan Doğanlar , Metehan Uzun , Zeynep Banu Doğanlar , 2 3 Mehmet Akif Ovalı , Gülin Öngören 1 Trakya University, Department of Medical Biology, Edirne, Turkey 2 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Physiology, Canakkale, Turkey 3 Trakya University, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic, Edirne, Turkey AIM: Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a major problem frequently encountered in vascular surgery. Thus we aimed to investigate Pikrosid - 2 ' s effect on red blood cell deformability and lipid peroxidation in wistar albino rat model of lower limb ischemia reperfusion METHOD: Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups - each containing 6 animals (Control, IR, Picroside-2, IR-picroside-2 groups). Infrarenal abdominal aorta was occluded with an atraumatic microvascular clamp in IR groups. Clamp was removed after 120 minutes ve reperfusion was provided for another 120 minutes. Picroside-2 (10 mg.kg-1) was administered intraperitoneally to the animals in drug containing groups (picrosid-2, IR-picroside-2 groups). All rats were euthanized by intraperitoneal administration of ketamine (100 mg.kg-1) and taking blood from the abdominal aorta. Erythrocytes were obtained from heparinized complete blood samples. Deformability measurements were done by erythrocyte suspensions in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer. MAD and NO levels were also measured. RESULTS: Deformability index was significantly increased in the IR group compared to Group C, Picroside-2 and IR-picroside-2 (p<0,0001, p<0,0001, p=0,007). MDA and NO levels were evaluated. CONCLUSION: IR impairs erythrocyte deformability while enhancing lipid peroxidation. Conversely, picrosid-2 administration decreases lipid peroxidation while improving erythrocyte deformability. We conclude that studies with larger scales are needed to support our conclusion. AIM: The study was designed to detect the potential biomarkers for monitoring melatonin deficiency mediated physiological and genetic response in left ventricle (LV) and thoracic aorta (TA) tissues. METHODS: As subjects of the study, 18 Sprague Dawley male adult rats, kept under 12:00L-12.00D schedule at 22 °C, were randomly divided into three groups as following; SHAM operated control group, pinealectomised groups and pinealectomised plus melatonin administrated (s.c. 5 mg/kg/day) group. At the end of the treatment, the LV and TA tissues were removed and processed to examine physiological and genetic biomarkers. In this study, biogenic amine levels were determined by micro liquid chromatography triple quadrupole time of flight spectrometer, elemental concentrations were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, gene expressions of antioxidant and heat shock proteins were determined by qRT-PCR and total DNA damage were detected by RAPD assays. RESULTS: The relevant results revealed that pinealectomy treatment causes traumatic conditions and DNA damage possibly involving an interaction between oxidative stress, disrupting equilibrium of essential elements and biogenic amine alterations. Melatonin plays protective roles on pinealectomy-mediated DNA damage and stressful condition via inhibition of reactive oxygen species overproduction, induction of antioxidant systems mRNA levels, regulation effect in the elements equilibrium and biogenic amines. CONCLUSIONS: The result of the present study emphasizes relative expressions of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, PC118 Agent Based Modeling and Simulation of Human Cardiovascular Physiology: Construction 1 2 2 2 Vedat Evren , Şebnem Bora , İbrahim Çakırlar , Sevcan Emek , 2 Rabia Korkmaz Tan 1 Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey 2 Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer 71 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress biomarker in the assessment of predisposition to MI. CONCLUSIONS: According to findings from the literature; prenatal testosterone lowers the 2D: 4D ratio. Studies show that increased ratio 2D:4D increases the risk of infarction. Positive relationship has been shown between coronary heart disease and 2D:4D that is regarded as an indirect measure of exposure to androgens. This ratio can be included in the coronary heart disease risk factors. Thus, negative impacts of the disease might be minimized by following risk groups by covering the prenatal period. This review is made for 2D: 4D and relationship between with cardiovascular diseases based on embryonic period, the lack of availability of prenatal screening test and establishing a clear awareness that issue. Engineering, Izmir, Turkey AIM: The aim of this study is to create an agent based modeling and simulation environment for the cardiovascular system (CVS) based on circulation mechanics. Although the aorta flow has been modeled during the initial stage of this project, all components of the system will be modeled using homeostatic principles in the long run. METHODS: Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) is a powerful research method used to predict behaviors of complex dynamic systems based on interactions of autonomous structures called agents which can learn, adapt and evolve via feedback mechanisms. Agents follow predefined rules and are designed as circuits in our model whose parameters are determined by homeostasis. Agents represent various CVS organs, functional components of vascular bed and target tissue supply/demand relationships. Our initial model captured the functional characteristics of aorta. We utilized a unique modeling approach by dividing the aorta into virtual segments that are represented by independent system agents. Agent parameters include, besides others, initial diameter, tapering factor, viscosity and density. Blood is not an agent by itself. We used Repast Symphony 2.1 and Java version 1.7 RESULTS: Flow is modeled as a data transfer between agents representing aortic segments. For instance the radius, elasticity, length and initial flow speed for a given segment are used to model the physical behavior of the agent then the results are fed to the next agent as input. The simulation results are presented as an aortic pressure waveform graph for a normal individual. During our simulation we observed that the maximum aortic pressure reached 130 – 135 mmHg. CONCLUSION: The next step of our study is to model unit amount of tissue within target organs and obtain more realistic simulation results. Our project objective is to develop a simulation environment that can be used for education, research and clinical studies. PC121 The Contribution of Carbon Monoxide to Vascular Tonus in Pulmonary Vascular Bed 1 2 1 Seher Ülker , Günnur Koçer , Ümit Kemal Şentürk 1 Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey 2 Near EastUniversity, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Nicosia, TRNC AIMS: Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important regulatory factor of vascular tonus in pulmonary arteries. Although it is well known that levels of a lot of mediator and their bioavailability diminish by aging, there is no information about CO. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible differences of CO effects on vascular tonus by aging. METHODS: Young (6-8 months) and aged (24 months) Wistar rats were used in this study. Main-pulmonary artery (2100-2300µm), pulmonary artery (1500-1700µm), pulmonary artery 1. branch rings (300-400µm) were dissected from lung and then mounted to organ bath or wire myograph. For evaluating the contribution of endogenously produced CO to vascular tonus, seratonin (Ser) contraction response of vessel segments were assessed before and after incubation with heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor. Exogenous CO relaxation responses were evaluated by CO donor. HO-2 protein expression was determined in vessels by westernblot analyses. Repeated measures variance analyses for doseresponse curves and t-test for Emax values were used statistical analyses. RESULTS: The contraction responses of aged animals to Ser were increased in main-pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery (p<0.01). Contribution of endogenously produced CO to vascular tonus was diminished in same vessel segments (p<0.05). There weren’t differences in 1. branch of pulmonary artery contraction response and also endogenous CO response. Relaxation responses to exogenous CO donor incubation were reduced in mainpulmonary artery and pulmonary artery of aged rats (p<0.05). There wasn’t difference in protein levels of HO-2 between groups. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that reducing in contribution of endogenously produced CO to relaxation in conduit types arteries of pulmoner vascular bed, meanwhile diminishing relaxation response to exogenous CO due to aging. However there is no difference in resistance types of pulmonary arteries on these parameters. When we combine CO responses and HO-2 levels, this mismatch might be explained that posttranslational modification or changing in substrate levels. PC119 Relationship between Ratio of the Lengths of the Second and Fourth Fingers (2D: 4D) with Cardiovascular System Diseases Mehmet Günata Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey AIM: There are numerous studies showing that the ratio of the lengths of the second and fourth fingers (2D: 4D) positively correlated with prenatal estrogen and negatively correlated with prenatal testosterone. Nowadays, mortality due to cardiovascular events ranks first among all causes of death. Beneficial effect of testosterone on endothelial function and myocardial ischemia has been known since 1985's. In this study, literature related to cardiovascular system diseases and 2D: 4D as an indirect measure of prenatal testosterone exposure have been reviewed. MATERIALS-METHODS: By using the keywords ‘2D:4D’ and ‘heart’ on 17/06/2015 has yielded 93 and 205 articles in PubMed and Science Direct, respectively. The inclusion criteria of the article were that it should have investigated the relationship between coronary heart disease and 2D:4D. All age groups and both sexes were included in the study. RESULTS: An article (Xing-li Wu et al.,) that researced 93 different articles, shows a positive relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and predisposition to coronary heart disease. Ioannis Kyriakidis et al., found average ratio of the 2D: 4D numerical value was higher in myocardial infarction (MI) group than that of the control group; so, they predicted that ratio of the 2D: 4D will be used as a 72 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC122 Buthionine Sulfoximine (BSO) Applications Decrease Sodium Clearance and Cause to the Development of the Hypertension in Rats Treated with Low Doses of N-Nitro-L-Arginine (L-NNA) 1 1 2 3 Hakkı Engin Aksulu , Coşkun Sı ̇lan , Buket Güngör , Seçil Akdur 1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale, Turkey 2 Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Clinical Trials Department, Ankara, Turkey 3 Turkish Ministry of Health, Canakkale Government Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey investigate the effects of intensive exercise, and high salty diet applications on water-salt balance, blood pressure, changes in intrarenal dopamine synthesis and oxidative stress generation in rats. METHODS: Intensive exercise applied on the treadmill by 25 m/min speed and %5 slopes for 30 minutes in a day and %4high salty diets to rats through 7days, separately and together. The blood pressures of rats were measured at the first and the last days of the study and they were taken to the metabolic cages. Their water intakes and urine outputs were measured in a day. Sodium, urea and creatinine levels in urines and blood samples taken from rats at the end of the study were measured. The renal parameters such as GFR, %FeNa and CNa were calculated. Dopamine levels of urines in 24hours were measured to determine the intrarenal dopamine synthesis. Besides, oxidative stress parameters in blood samples; TAS, TOS and OSI levels were measured and calculated. RESULTS: The blood pressures were not changed in group that applied high salty diet or intensive exercises. But increased blood pressure (median±SD of Control, high salty diets (YT), exercise (E), exercise+high salty diets, groups are 127.70±1.1; 129.86±1.4; 134.92±2.93 and 140.85±1.96mmHg respectively) was determined in experimental group that exposed to the high salty diet and intensive exercise in the current results. Intensive exercise and high salty diet applications increased dopamine levels (median±SD of Control, high salty diets (YT), exercise(E), exercise+high salty diets, groups are 12.5±2.1; 16.9±3.3; 8.8±3.1 and 46.4±14.8 µg/L respectively) in urine, but there are no changes when these are applied separately. CONCLUSION: Coapplication of severe exercise and high salty diet can cause to the development of hypertension. This work is supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Found (2012/32). AIM: Low doses of NOS inhibitors did not cause to the development of hypertension in short-term applications. Addition of salt load can promotes of the development of the hypertension. BSO inhibits synthesis of glutathione and causes to the oxidative stress (OS). It is well know that OS is contributed to the development of the hypertension by affecting intrarenal dopamine, an endogenous natriuretic system. In this study we aimed to demonstrate the effect of BSO applications on the development of hypertension induced by low doses of N-nitro-Larginine (L-NNA). Therefore, we applicated a NOS inhibitor L-NNA and BSO alone and together in rats. METHODS: Rats(Sprague-Dawley) are divided into 4 groups; Control, L-NNA, BSO, L-NNA+BSO. L-NNA (50mg/L) applied with drinking water along 21days and at the same time doses of 125mg/kg BSO applied intraperitoneally twice per day only last week. At the last day of the survey the rats had taken to metabolic cages and their urine samples are collected for 24hours. Blood pressure, salt&water balance, total oxidant and antioxidant capacities, urine dopamine, adrenalin and noradrenalin levels are calculated for each experimental animal. Also glomerular filtration rate (GFR), flow rate of urine (UF), clearance of sodium (CNa), fractional sodium excretion (FENa) and tubular sodium rejection fraction (TRFNa) are evaluated. RESULTS: It is shown that if L-NNA or BSO are used alone; statistically they are not changing the blood pressure significantly, but when used together they cause hypertension (median±SD of Control, LNNA, BSO and LNNA+BSO groups are 126.7±5.62, 142.05±5.7, 139.6±6.11 and 152.64±8.09mmHg respectively) and they decreased CNa, TFRNa, FENa (median±SD of Control, LNNA, BSO and LNNA+BSO groups are 1.55±0.04, 0.55±0.1, 0.7±0.3 ve 0.3±0.04 respectively) levels and it seems that these happened as a result of the increased tubular sodium reabsorption. CONCLUSIONS: It is shown that partially NOS inhibition applied with BSO causes development of hypertension on experimental animals. This work is supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Found (2010/83). PC124 The Effect of P450 Enzyme Inhibition on Vascular Responsiveness in L-NAME Hypertension Model Filiz Basralı, Nur Özen, Seher Ülker, Ümit Kemal Şentürk Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey AIM: The P-450 metabolite of arachidonic acid, 20hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), is a potent vasoconstrictor and has important regulatory function on vascular tone. It has been demonstrated that inhibition of 20-HETE effects the vascular dilation/constriction responses in several experimental hypertension model. It is not known that inhibition of 20-HETE on vascular responsiveness in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension model. The aim of this study was to reveal weather in-vitro inhibition of 20-HETE on dilation and constriction responses of conduit and resistance type arteries in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. METHOD: Twenty Wistar male rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into two groups as control (C) and hypertensive (H). Hypertension was induced by oral administration of the L-NAME (25 mg/kg/day), for 5 weeks. The blood pressure measured by tail-cuff method. At the end of experiment thoracic aorta and third-order branch of mesenteric artery were isolated and inspected those of dilation and constriction responses using organ bath and wire myograph. Nhydoxy-N′-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016), an inhibitor of P450 was added to the bath solution to inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis. Student-t and ANOVA tests were used for evaluation of results. P value <0.05 was considered significant. PC123 Intensive Exercise Developt Hypertension in Rats Fed with High Salty Diet 1 2 3 1 Coşkun Silan , Buket Güngör , Seçil Akdur , Hakkı Engin Aksulu 1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale, Turkey 2 Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Clinical Trials Department, Ankara, Turkey 3 Turkish Ministry of Health, Canakkale Government Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey AIM: Separately salt loading or intensive exercise applications in certain conditions can cause to the oxidative stress but cannot increase the blood pressure. In this study, it was aimed to 73 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress RESULTS: The blood pressure significantly increased in H group compared to that of C group (p<0.001). Increased constriction and decreased dilation responses of aortic rings obtained from H animals were improved by adding HET0016 to the bath solution (p<0.01; p<0.001). Decreased dilation responses of mesenteric vessel in H group increased by 20¬-HETE inhibition (p<0.05; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that 20-HETE inhibition improved the vessel responsiveness in L-NAME hypertension model. AIM: In this study,the curative effect of resveratrol on the possible changes of arrhythmias of the rats which were acquired cronic flourozis by sodium flouride were researched. METHODS: Each group consisted of 4 female and 4 male rats with 200-300 gr. live weight. First group was selected as control group. Second group was treated with 50 mg/lt/day resveratrol. Third group was treated only with 10 mg/lt/day NaF finally, fourth group was chosen as the group to be treated with both 10 mg/lt/day NaF and 50 mg/lt/day resveratrol. During the 12 week study, resveratrol was fed to rats via their drinking water. At the end of the study, rats were anesthesized and were laid to table in right lateral position for ECG procedure. They were shaved above elbow and knee articulations and electrode gel was applied to shaved areas. Serrated-mouth electrode clips were placed above elbows on forelegs and above knees on hindlegs. ECG device settings were arranged as 1 mV= 10 mm with 50 mm/sc print speed. It was looked for the P(sec), P(mV), PR(sec), QRS(sec), T(sec), QT(sec) and the number of heart rate RESULTS: The shortening on QRS and QT waves on NaF treated group compared to other groups was found to be relevant. The pulse rate of the group treated only with NaF increased, while no change was detected in the pulse rate of the group treated with NaF + Resveratrol. The values of P(sec), P(mV), PR(sec), QRS(sec), T(sc), QT(sec) and heart beat number in groups treated with resveratrol stayed parallel to those in control group. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol is found to have curative effects on the raise of pulse rate of rats induced by Sodium Fluoride (NaF) application. For future studies, inspection on effects of different doses of resveratrol on rats’ ECG values is advised. It is considered that the effect of resveratrol on ECG values will be much more comprehensible by sthe studies that are carried on with different dosages and times. PC125 The Effect of NMDA Receptor Antagonis, MK-801, on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Zehra Gül Koçaklı, Kübra Akıllıoğlu, Ayşe Doğan Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey OBJECTIVE: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are known to play a role in developmental plasticity, apoptosis and memoryrelated processes. The recent studies, it has been reported that NMDA receptors are not only effective central nervous system, but also vascular smooth muscle cells. In our study, the vascular effect of NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells was investigated. METHOD: Third generation vascular smooth muscle cells that isolated from rat thoracic aorta primarily incubated at 37 ° C were used. Cells were plated on each well of a 12 well cell culture plate it was made to be equal number of cells and homogeneous. For three days, the cells were allowed to propagate to the surface. The experimental group were formed by applying MK-801 to 6 well of 12 well cell culture plate and the control group was formed by adding normal cell medium to another 6 wells. Glutamate is not added to the cell medium. At the end of seventy-two hours incubation period, each of the wells trypsinization procedure was performed after the removal of the medium within the culture vessel. The cells obtained after procedure were counted on Thoma counting chamber. The number of cells per milliliter was determined manually. Any application were not made to the cells in order to stimulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells during operation. RESULTS: MK-801 application significantly increased the number of vascular smooth muscle cells compared to controls (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that MK-801 caused an increase in vascular smooth muscle cell number. It could be argued that proliferation occurs by blocking the NMDA receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells. The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has been shown to cause calcium entry into cell via NMDA receptors and activate the apoptosis pathway. Consequently, it is considered that inhibition of the apoptotic pathway by blocking the NMDA receptors and increase in cell number. PC127 Molecular Basis of Sinus Bradycardia in Hypothyroidism 1 2 1 Sunil Jit Logantha , Dilek Özbeyli , Joseph Yanni , Halina 1 2 1 Dobrzynski , Ozgur Kasimay , Mark Boyett 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. 2 Department of Physiology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Hypothyroidism in man and animal models manifests in a low heart rate (bradycardia) and cardiac output. Automaticity in the SN is due to the spontaneous diastolic depolarization initiated by the synergistic interaction between two clock mechanisms: the ‘membrane-clock’ and the intracellular ‘Ca2+-clock’. The Ca2+clock involves the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a). We hypothesise that the bradycardia is due to remodelling of the pacemaker, the sinus node (SN). The aim of this study was to characterise the hypothyroid SN and identify the mechanism(s) underlying the bradycardia. METHODS: Hypothyroidism was induced in Sprague Dawley rats (male, 260-330 g, n=8) with 6-n-propyl-2-thio-uracil (PTU, 10 mg/ kg / intraperitoneally/ day for 15 days). The control cohort (n=8) received vehicle treatment. ECGs were recorded in vivo, in anesthetized (ketamine, 100 mg/kg) animals. SN, atrial and ventricular biopsies were collected. Funny channels (HCN1 and HCN4), T-type Ca2+ channel (CaV3.1), RyR2, NCX1, SERCA2a and phospholamban mRNA abundance was measured using qPCR. RESULTS: PTU administration for 15 days induced hypothyroidism and this was associated with a 6% increase in body weight and a 42% reduction in heart rate (both P<0.05). No changes were observed in the control cohort. In the hypothyroid SN, mRNA expression levels of transcripts corresponding to key membrane- PC126 The Effect of Resveratrol Treatment on ECG Values of Cronical Flourozis Induced Rats 1 2 2 Bahattin Bulduk , Gökhan Oto , Hülya Özdemir , Nizamettin 1 3 4 Günbatar , Mehmet Bulduk , Sadi Elaslan 1 Yüzüncü Yıl University, High School of Healthy, Van, Turkey 2 Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, Van, Turkey 3 YüzüncüYıl University, Ercis Vocational School, Van, Turkey 4 YüzüncüYıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistic Department, Van, Turkey 74 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress clock components: funny current and T-type Ca2+ channel remained unaltered. Hypothyroidism did not affect RyR2 and NCX1 levels; however, SERCA2a mRNA levels were reduced by 37% (P<0.05). SERCA2a mRA levels were negatively regulated by phospholamban and this transcript was upregulated by 289% in the hypothyroid SN (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PTU causes hypothyroidism with severe bradycardia in healthy rats. In the hypothyroid SN, SERCA2a downregulation coupled with phospholamban upregulation would compromise the Ca2+-clock component, causing bradycardia. INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate surface electrocardiography records (sECG) in differently anesthetized adult BALB-C mice weighting 26,2 ±2,1g (BW). METHOD: Three groups were constructed according to anesthetics/drugs applied: Mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) Na-Pentobarbital (75 mg/kg BW, n=7), or with Na-Pentobarbital+Fentanyl (75 mg/kg BW, i.p. + 0,04 mg/kg BW i. p, n=7), or with Ketamine+Xylazine (100 mg/kg BW + 8 mg/kg BW, n=7). The rectal temperatures were kept around 36,0 °C using a heating pad; sECG recordings were performed using needle electrodes as DII (PowerLab-Australia), with the sampling rate of 4 kHz; highpass and lowpass filter setting were 0,3 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. For electrocardiographic examination, we have measured not only surface ECG parameters but also the heart rate variability (HRV). HRV analysis were presented using frequency domain analysis; the band widths were assessed as Very Low Frequency (VLF): 0-0,15 Hz, Low Frequency (LF): 0.15-1.5Hz, High Frequency (HF): 1,5-5Hz. RESULTS: The ECG values in Na-Pentobarbital group (I) were found as: PR interval: 28,6±2,4 ms, RR interval: 158,1 ±2,0 ms (HR:379,5 ±4,8 bpm), QRS duration: 7,7±1,2 ms QT:12,3± 2,8 ms QTC: 31,2 ± 7,8ms ECG values in Na-Penthobarbital+Fentanyl group (II) were found being much closed to those of group (I), only the PR interval is slightly increased (p<0.05).The heart rate was drastically decreased in Ketamine-Xylazine group (III) to 213, 5 ± 25,1 bpm (p<0,01). Ketamine-Xylazine combination prolonged the both QT and QTc to 20,7± 2,0 ms (p<0,05), and to 39,2 ± 3,3 ms (p<0,02), respectively. The results of HRV analysis of Na-Penthobarbital and Napentobarbital+Fentanyl groups showed no difference. But, Ketamine-Xylazine (III) has remarkablely changed HRV, compared to Na-Pentobarbital (I): the component of LF band is increased (p<0,01) whereas both VLF and HF components are decreased (p<0,01 and p<0,05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that HRV analysis may be a sensitive method to evaluate electrocardiological effects of anesthesia procedures for mice. Autonomic nervous system controlling the heart may be differently modulated by anesthetics used here. PC128 The Effect of Picroside-2 on Erythrocyte Deformability and Lipid Peroxidation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats subjected to Left Anterior Descending Artery-Ischemia reperfusion 1 1 2 2 Faruk Metin Çomu , Yücel Polat , Abdullah Özer , Dilek Erer , 3 4 2 2 Mehmet Kirişçi , Ali Doğan Dursun , Tolga Tatar , Hakan Kartal , 5 6 7 Ayşegül Küçük , Hakan Boyunağa , Mustafa Arslan 1 Kirikkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kirikkale, Turkey 2 Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Turkey 3 Necip Fazıl State Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kahramanmaras, Turkey 4 Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 5 Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey 6 Kirikkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale, Turkey 7 Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a notorious phenomenon following vascular interventions. Antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti-inflamatory effects of picroside-2 have been established by recent studies. We decided to investigate the effects of picroside2 on erythrocyte deformability and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) artery ischemia reperfusion. METHODS: There groups were diabetes control (DC-group), diabetes-picroside-2 (DP-group), diabetes IR (IR-group) and diabetes-IR-picroside-2 (IR-P-group). Rats were kept alive for month. Then all rats were sacrified after a period of 45 minutes ischemia followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion and blood samples were collected simultaneously. Deformability measurements were conducted in erythrocytes that were kept in serum physiologic solutions buffered with phosphate. MAD and NO levels were also measured. RESULTS: The induction of diabetes was found to increase the relative resistance compared to the control group (p<0,0001). IR was found to influence the erythrocyte deformability compared to the other groups (p<0,0001,p=0,009,p=0,013,p=0,009) Picroside-2 implementation to the IR generated diabetic rats was found to have therapeutic effect on erythrocyte deformability (p=0,009). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that further studies can be conducted to display the beneficial effects of picrosid-2 against IR injury and extend its indications. PC130 Effect of Smoking and Exposure Cigarette Smoke on Cardiac Autonomic Function of Healthy Young Adults 1 1 2 1 Bedri Selim Benek , Yusuf Arpacık , Fatma Erdem , Tuğba Kırboğa , 2 1 Alim Erdem , Kenan Gümüştekin 1 Department of Physiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2 Department of Cardiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey AIM: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) that are indicators of cardiac autonomic functions in young adults who are either active smokers or passive smokers. METHODS: 18-24yo patients were selected and allocated into three groups as active smokers (group-1), passive smokers (group2) and non-smokers (group-3). Dependence of patients was evaluated with Fagerstrom Test. Subjects were performed cardiological examination and record ECG, EKO and then values of HRT and HRV of subjects were evaluated after taking record of rhythm holter for 24h. RESULTS: According to holter recordings of mean heart rate; no PC129 Measurements of Surface ECG Parameters And Heart Rate Variability In Anesthetized Spontaneously Breathing Mice Mustafa Özbek, Hasan Kazdağlı, Şüheda Alpay, Mürüvvet Alenbey Department of Physiology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey 75 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress 1 2 1 1 Selçuk Yaşar , Tülin Fırat , Firdevs Erim , Didem Ekşioğlu , Ömer 1 Bozdoğan 1 Department of Biology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2 Department of Histology and Embriology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey differences were found between group-1 and group-2, nevertheless, group-3 were found lower than from other groups(p<0.001). No difference was found between group-1-2 in terms of total ventricular additional beat, nevertheless, in group-3 this value was found significantly lower from other 2 groups(p<0.001). Statistically significant difference was found in Total Onset(TO) and Turbulance Slope(TS) value that were calculated from analysis of 24h holter recordings of groups (p<0.01). In HRT analysis; there were 21 cases in group-1, 10 cases in group-2 and 2 cases in group-3 which have TO value (p<0.05). Similarly, significant TS values observed in three groups were as follows: 21 cases in group-1, 8 cases in group-2, 1 case in group-3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown that value of HRV and HRT in cigarette smokers and in passive smokers, are high enough that can cause cardiovascular risk. This research was supported by the Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Committee (2013.08.01.637). INTRODUCTION: Exercise is cardioprotective against arrhythmia by increasing the expression of KATP channels was shown previously. In this study the effect of exercise, food restriction and combination of both on the number of myocardial KATP channels in rats fed with standart and protein rich food were aimed to investigate. METHODS: In this study, 64 male and female Sprague Dawley rats in 15 months old were used for immunohistochemical staining and 141 rats were used for evaluating the arrhythmias followed by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Animals were divided into two main groups, standard and protein rich foods. Both main groups were divided into four subgroups, these are control, exercise, food restriction and exercise + food restriction groups. Forty min/days swimming exercise were applied in 5 days/week during 6 weeks. Food restriction was performed by reducing 50% of daily food. Ischemia was produced by the ligation of left coronary artery for 6 minutes and reperfusion by the releasing of this artery for 15 minutes. The arrhythmia scores were determined from ECG during I/R and differences between groups determined by One-way ANOVA. SUR2A was determined by immunoblotting method for analyzing of number of KATP channels in myocardial tissue sampled from 64 rats that no I/R were performed. Density of SUR2A was determined by light microscopy. RESULTS: The density of KATP chanels were not different between control group. Exercise and exercise+food restriction increased density of KATP channels in male and female groups in rats fed with standard food in respect to their control group. Arrhythmia score in ischemia was also significantly lower in this group than the control (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is shown in this study, exercise alone and in combination with food restriction increases the density of KATP chanels. Arrhythmias was also less than the controls in this groups. This result support the suggestion that cardioprotection against arrhythmia increases with the increasing the number of KATP chanels in myocardial cell. PC131 The Contribution of Carbon Monoxide to Age-dependent Changes in Renal Vascular Tonus 1 2 2 Günnur Koçer , Seher Ülker , Ümit Kemal Şentürk 1 Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nicosia, TRNC 2 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey INTRODUCTION: Carbon monoxide (CO) is considered as an important mediator released from endothelium and smooth muscles and is responsible for regulating vascular tonus. Depending on age, the production of many endogenous mediators and their bioavailability are reduced. Because of these reasons, our aim is to evaluate the contribution of CO to renal vascular tonus in aged rats. MATERIALS-METHODS: Young (6 to 8 months) and aged (24 months) Wistar Albino rats, were used in our study. Isolated renal arteries segments were mounted on wire myrograph. CO response of renal vascular bed were studied endogenously and exogenously. All vessel segments were treated with HO inhibitor in order to assess the endogenous CO contribution to vascular tonus and were contracted with phenylephrine (PHE) before and after the HO inhibitor (CrMP) treatment. The CO releasing molecules, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM) vasodilatory response, with the effect mechanism of CO was examined in the presence of cGMP inhibitor,1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), and non-specific potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA), following CO exogenous vasodilatory response to CORM. Additionally, HO-2 protein expression was studied with western blot analysis in isolated vessel segments.. Paired t test, variance analysis of repeated measurements and Tukey test as post-hoc were used. RESULTS: There was no contraction effect on Phe in the presence of CrMP in aged rats. CORM dose dependent vasodilatory response decreased in renal artery, 1st branch and 3rd branch of renal artery (p˂0,01) and only TEA supressed this vasodilatory response in aged rats (p˂0,01). HO-2 expression decreased in aged rats. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that diminished CO production and vasodilatory effect in vessel of aged animals. PC133 Effect of Carnosine Pretreatment against Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage in Rat Heart 1 1 1 Kalender Özdoğan , Sinan Hamarat , Nurcan Dursun , Fazile 2 1 Cantürk , Burak Tan 1 Department of Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Department of Biophysics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: Increased intracellular H+ ion concentration is one of the most important causes of cellular death induced by ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide consisting from beta alanine- L-histidine. It decreases the I/R injury because it’s a good antioxidant and intracellular H+ buffer. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of the CAR during I/R injury on cardiac cells. METHODS: The study consisted of a control group with global I/R (ischemia time is 30 min and reperfusion time is 60 min.) in cardiac tissue (CONT) and a second group with I/R after two weeks of carnosine treatment (200 mg/kg i.p.) (CAR). The heart tissues were isolated under anesthesia and then they were perfused using Langerdorff perfusion system. Left ventricular systolic pressure PC132 The Role of ATP-Dependent Potassium Channels in the Effect of Exercise and Nutrition on the Ischemia Reperfusion Arrhythmias 76 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC135 Effects of Resveratrol on Hypertension Developing by NOS inhibition 1 1 2 3 Hakkı Engin Aksulu , Coşkun Silan , Buket Güngör , Seçil Akdur 1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale, Turkey 2 Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Clinical Trials Department, Ankara, Turkey 3 Turkish Ministry of Health, Canakkale Government Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey (LVSP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured by a balloon implanted into the ventricule. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and maximum-minimum pressure change rates (±dP/dt) were obtained by using above parameters. Necrotic area was determined in the same cardiac tissues.Two new groups (CONT, CAR) were made for the evaluation of ECG and biochemical parameters (n=9). ECG parameters of animals in each group were recorded and the hearts of these animals were homogenized and then malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and mitochondrial ATP levels were measured. RESULTS: The carnosine prevented the increase of LVEDP (p<0.03) and pathologic changes during the reperfusion in ECG. MDA value was statistically decreased in and SOD and CAT activites were statistically increased in CAR group (p<0.001). Carnosine caused an important increase in the mitochondrial ATP production (p<0.001). Development of necrotic area in heart was completely prevented. CONCLUSIONS: Carnosine prevented lipid peroxidation and strengthened the antioxidant defense mechanism and protected mitochondrial structure during I/R injury. AIM: Too many factors are effective in hypertension pathogenesis because the blood pressure is controlled by participation of systems which affect each others: the factors have a role in synthesis and/or release of NO which regulate local blood flow and modulate sodium reabsorption are important participants for hypertension development. Therefore, hypertension by NOS inhibition became as a good model. For the hypertension development by NOS enzyme inhibitors in L-Arginine-NO pathway; water and salt retention comes forward by application of NOS inhibitors as long term in low doses but with higher inhibitor doses, vascular resistance increase takes over. Deficiencies of endogenous natriuretic and vasodilatory systems prominence in development and progression of essential hypertension. It is thought that oxidative stress participates to development of hypertension. Oxidative stress develops due to the degradation of oxidant-antioxidant balance by the over production of oxidant agents and/or efficiency of antioxidant agents. Resveratrol has potent antioxidant property. This is aimed in this study to explore the effect of resveratrol on blood pressure increase and water-salt balance by its antioxidant feature in rats which became hypertensive by L-NNA application. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats (200-250g) were divided in to 5groups. Control group (K), L-NNA group, Resveratrol-eluent group (RSV-CK), RSV group and L-NNA+RSV group. Blood pressures were measured by tail-cuff method in the first and the last days of the study (10days totally); rats were taken to the metabolic cages and their water intakes and urine amounts for 24hours were measured. Blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical measurements. RESULTS: Eventually; Resveratrol application alone for 10days didn’t alter blood pressure but L-NNA aplication increased the blood pressure by itself. Resveratrol application together with LNNA couldn’t prevent blood pressure(median±SD of Control, LNNA, RSV, RSV-CK and LNNA+RSV groups are 123±5,5; 117.8±3.5; 122.4±3.8; 126.6±6.4 and 122.8±7.3 mmHg respectively) increase. CONCLUSION: Application of resveratrol with L-NNA did not prevent the increase in blood pressure. This work is supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Found (2010/06). PC134 The Na+/H+ Exchanger Inhibition Cardiac Ischemia / Reperfusion Injury Effect in Rats 1 1 1 1 Kalender Özdoğan , Sinan Hamarat , Nurcan Dursun , Burak Tan , 2 Fazile Cantürk 1 Department of Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Department of Biophysics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey INTRODUCTION-AIM: Increased H+ and hyperactivation of Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE1) are the causes contracture and cell deaths induced by ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury of the heart. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the NHE inhibitor (cariporide, CRP) on the function and biochemistry of cardiac cells and to demonstrate the protective effect of CRP the heart in rats. METHODS: The study consisted of a control group with global I/R (ischemia time is 30 min and reperfusion time is 60 min.) in isolated rat cardiac tissue (CONT n=6) and a second group with I/R with cariporide treatment (10µm/L, in Krebs-Henseleit solution) (CRP, n=6) during reperfusion. The heart tissues were isolated under anesthesia and then were perfused using Langerdorff perfusion system. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured by a balloon implanted into the ventricule. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and maximum-minimum pressure change rates (±dP/dt) were obtained by using above parameters. Necrotic area was determined in the same cardiac tissues. two new groups (CONT, CAR) were made for the evaluation of ECG and biochemical parameters (n=9). ECG parameters of animals in each group were recorded and the hearts of these animals were homogenized and then malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and mitochondrial ATP levels were measured. RESULTS: CRP didn’t prevent the increase in LVEDP and decrease the development of elongation in the QTc interval but prevented the increase of ST interval. MDA value was decreased (p<0.003) and SOD and CAT activites were increased (p<0.006). CRP caused more decrease in the mitochondrial ATP production compared to CONT group. Nevertheless, formation of necrotic area was decreased in CRP group(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cariporide decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant defense mechanism however mitochondrial function was abolished due to intracelluler increased H+ concentration. PC136 Changes of the Renal Dopaminergic Activity during the Hypertension Generation with L-NNA Application and Salt Load in Rats 1 1 2 3 Hakkı Engin Aksulu , Coşkun Silan , Buket Güngör , Seçil Akdur 1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale, Turkey 2 Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Clinical Trials Department, Ankara, Turkey 3 Turkish Ministry of Health, Canakkale Government Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey AIM: The failure of this system has an important role in the 77 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress performed by Elisa. Urine dopamine levels were measured with HPLC. CNa, TRFNa, FeNa and GFR were calculated by using the urine and serum measurements. RESULTS: By the applications of benserazide for 10days: There was no significant alteration in blood pressures of rats fed with normal salty diet. Urinary sodium excretions of these rats decreased. This indicates the salt retention but serum sodium concentrations did not change. Also, their daily urinary dopamine excretions decreased. Serum sodium concentrations (median±SD of Control, Salt, BSZ and Salt+BSZ groups are 132,5±1,17; 134,8±1,83; 134,6±1,53 and 138,2±0,86 respectively) and blood pressures (116,41±4,04; 114,10±3,12; 119,54±5,97 and 141,28±6,79) of rats which were fed with high salty diet increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that intrarenal dopaminergic system becomes more important when the salt consumption increased. These results indicate to the importance of the intrarenal dopaminergic system in salt loaded situations. This work is supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Found (2012/27). development of essential hypertension. Measurements of the urine dopamine levels represent intrarenal dopaminergic system activity. This study to investigate blood pressure, water-salt balance and changes of intrarenal dopamine synthesis as a result of NOS inhibition with or without high salt diet and the effects of these interventions on the development hypertension. METHODS: For this purpose, male Wistar albino rats (200-250g) were divided into four groups. The control group(K); High-salt group(YT); LNNA group; LNNA+YT group. Blood pressure measurements in the first and last day of the experiment was performed by tail-cuff method and the rats were taken into metabolic cages for 24 hours, the water take and urine output were measured. Blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical measurements. RESULTS: Only LNNA or high-salt diet applications did not do any change in blood pressure but when they used together cause to the development of the hypertension. The blood pressure (median±SD of Control, high salty diets (YT), LNNA, and LNNA+YT groups are 122.7±1.28; 123.1±1.55; 128.1±1.89 and 147±3.37 mmHg) of LNNA+YT group was higher than the other groups. LNNA+YT application did not change the water intake but urine volume reduced, so the water balance has been found higher. High salt diet or LNNA alone had no effect for urinary sodium excretion, sodium clearance and GFR but when they used together this decreased urinary sodium excretion, sodium clearance and GFR however they have no effect for the fractional sodium excretion. In addition LNNA with/without high salt diet, urine dopamine concentrations (median±SD of Control, high salty diets (YT), LNNA, and LNNA+YT groups are 9.36±2.75; 9.24±0.71; 35.88±6.28 and 20,6±3,33 µg/L) were increased. CONCLUSION: The development of hypertension with coadministration of LNNA and salty diet are not associated with the urine levels of dopamine. This work is supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Found (2010/125). PC138 Oxidative Stress, Platelet Indices and Lipid Profile in Essential Hypertension Patients Hatice Şulul, Ali Ziya Karakılçık, Hakim Çelik Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Oxidative stress may increase during hypertension, and it may affect lipid parameters, antioxidants and thrombocyte indices, and this progress may be an important in the etiology of disease. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the values of lipid profile (TG, CHOL, HDL, LDL and VLDL), platelet indices (PLT, PCT and MPV), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), and activities of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) in hypertension patients. METHODS: Blood samples were taken from the patients in Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital. The blood were centrifuged, plasma were removed for biocehemical analysis. By courtesy of ethical committee, the blood were taken from 46 patients (54.95±8.44) and 39 healthy people (56.87±7.50). The values of TG, CHOL, HDL, LDL ve VLDL, PLT, PCT, MPV, TAS, TOS, OSI and the activities of ARE and PON1 were measured in all samples. Data was analyzed using SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: The values of TG (p=0.058), CHOL (p=0.001), LDL (p=0.001), VLDL (p=0.053), TOS (p=0.001) and OSI (p=0.001), and the activities of ARE (p=0.031) and PON1 (p=0.044) enzymes significantly increased, while TAS-level decreased (p=0.033) in patients. But, the values of HDL, PLT, PCT and MPV were statistically not different in patients comparing with the controls. CONCLUSION: The values of TG, CHOL, LDL, VLDL and oxidative stress were increased while total antioxidant status significantly decreased in hypertension. According to these results, we think that the increasing of TG, CHOL, LDL, VLDL and oxidative stress are important in etiology of the hypertension; however, there is a need for more detailed studies to assess all molecular mechanisms induced in hypertension. This study was founded by the Commission of Scientific Research Projects of Harran University. PC137 Benserazide Applications Cause to the Hypertension in Salt Loaded Rats 1 2 3 1 Hakkı Engin Aksulu , Seçil Akdur , Buket Güngör , Coşkun Silan 1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale, Turkey 2 Turkish Ministry of Health, Canakkale Government Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey 3 Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Clinical Trials Department, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Dopamine is locally synthesized in renal tubular cells and inhibits the Na+-K+ ATPase and Na+/H+ exchanger systems. Affection of the intrarenal dopaminergic system, an endogenous natriuretic system, may cause to sodium retention and to the development of the hypertension. In this study, it was hypothesized that the inhibition of dopa-decarboxylase enzyme by benserazide may decreased renal dopamine synthesis and so leads to water&salt imbalance and dysregulation of the blood pressure. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of benserazide on blood pressure, salt&water balance and sodium clearance in rats fed with normal and high salty diet. METHODS: Benserazide was given to rats which fed on normal and high salty diet by 10days. Blood pressures and weight were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. All rats were taken to the metabolic cages on 10.day of the study, their water intakes measured and urines were collected by 24hours. Urea, creatinine&sodium measurements in serum&urine were 78 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC139 The Effect of Respiratory Muscle Trainig on Physiological (Respiratory) Parameters of Karate Kumite Athletes Gökçe Akgün, Serdar Orkun Pelvan, Adil Deniz Duru Marmara University, School of Physical Education Sports, Istanbul, Turkey Turkey 5 Biochemistry, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 6 Physiology, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: This study was to evaluate the effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies (continuous, short bout and weekend warrior type) on streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA) induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: The T2DM was induced in Sprague Dawley rats (n:7 per group) by nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip) administration. Rats were included when blood glucose concentration was between 126 and 300 mg/dl. Groups were named as sedentary control (SC), sedentary diabetes (SD), diabetes plus continuous exercise (DcE, 30 min/d, 5 d/wk), diabetes plus short bout exercise (DsbE, 3x10 min/d, 5 d/wk), diabetes plus weekend warrior (DwwE, 35+40 min/d, 2 d/wk). The swimming exercise period lasted for 6 weeks. On the last day, rats were sacrificed; blood and muscles samples were obtained. Biochemical parameters including cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a), insulin, glucose, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured and histomorphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS: Blood levels of glucose, cytokines as well as HOMA-IR index, muscle contents of connective tissue, MPO, MDA, and weight loss were higher in SD compared to the SC (p<0,05). Exercise interruption (DsbE, DcE, DwwE) significantly reduced blood glucose levels, muscle contents of connective tissue, MPO, MDA and weight loss, (p<0,05). There were no significance between exercise groups in any parameters studied (p>0,05) CONCLUSION: Beneficial effects of exercise modalities seemed comparable in all exercise groups. Exercise accumulation in short or long periods improves diabetic parameters as long as the total time spent for aerobic exercise is the same. AIM: Strengthening training of the respiratory muscles increase the inspiration rate and efficiency of the oxygen uptake.The development of the respiratory muscles will reduce the expenditure of energy that is used by respiratory muscles.Therefore, it affects the total energy capacity of the field will be reduced.The aim of the study is to determine the effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory parameters of karate athletes. METHODS: In this study, 12 volunteers are divided in to two groups.First group(n=6), performed respiratory muscle training in addition to routine trainings.Respiratory muscle training support mask is used by the volunteers in the first group while it is not used during warm up/cooling periods.Trainings were performed with a period of 8 weeks,3 days in a week.The training consists of 8 types of exercise. In the first 4 weeks, 6 repetitions, in the second 4 weeks time period, 8 repetitions are performed. The duration of each repetition is set to 10 seconds for the 1st and 2nd week, while it is increased to 10-20 s for 3th-5th weeks and 30s for 6th-8th weeks, respectively. Respiratory function tests were measured using a spirometer before and after the training period and several non-parametric statistical tests were performed.This study was approved by Marmara University, Institute of Health Science,Ethical Comitee with the protocol number 22.10.2014-2. Written consent was signed by the participants. RESULTS: It has been observed that Tidal Volume(TV) and maximal voluntary ventialation(MVV) parameters did not differ in the pretraining measurements of the two groups(Z=-0.314p=0.75,Z=0.10p=0.91).After the respiratory muscle training period,TV values(%23,37,n=6,Z=2.2,p<0,03) and MVV values were found to have a significant increment(%9,83,Z=1.99,p<0,05) when compared with the pre-measurements.For the control group, no significant differences were observed for pre-post TV and MVV values(TV,Z=0.10,p=0.91,MVV,Z=0.94,p=0.34).Finally, after the training period,TV values of the first group were found to be greater than the control group(%31,Z=2.2,p<0,03) while the difference for MVV values were not significant(Z=0.94,p<0,34). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory muscle fatigue has an influence on the deep breathing which is extremely important for the performance for gaining the points in karate kumite sports.The deep breathing capacity can be measured with MVV.The respiratory muscle training improves the TV, which may enhance to contribute to the implementation of the karate technique during performance. This work was supported by Research Fund of the Marmara University.Project Number: SAGC-YLP121114-0358. PC141 Non-Invasive Determination of Stress Hormone Cortisol in Saliva of Elit Archers 1 1 2 Yı ̇ldı ̇rı ̇m Kayacan , Deniz Günay Derebaşı , Tuba Tapan , Cihat 2 2 Uçar , Sedat Yıldız 1 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yaşar Doğu Sport Sciences, Samsun, Turkey 2 İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Arching, requiring both physical and mental focusing, is one of the sport branches where stress has dramatic effects upon precision of shooting arrows to the dartboard. Aim of the current study was to measure, non-invasively, the changes in the rise of salivary cortisol during awakening in the morning of the day and during the course of competitions. METHODS: The study included elite male archers (n=19), ageing 16-20 year, who attended Saloon Turkish Championship. Saliva samples were collected at three different days of championship (namely gradation shootings-Day 1, elimination shootings-Day 2 and team shootings-Day 3) for the assessment of cortisol awakening response at the time of awakening (0. min), +30, +45 and +60 min post-awakening. Additionally, on Day 1-gradation shootings and on Day 2-elimination shootings, saliva samples for cortisol were taken 30 and 15 min before shootings, at half-time and at the end of shootings. Salivary cortisol levels were measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and p<0.05 denoted statistically significant difference. RESULTS: Data analyzed show that salivary cortisol levels rise PC140 Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Type 2 Diabetes in Rat: Continuous Versus Weekend Warrior Exercises 1,2 3 4 5 Nuray Alaca , Serap Uslu , Ümit İnce , Mustafa Serteser , Güldal 6 Suyen 1 Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2 School of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Histology and Embryology, Vocational School of Health, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Pathology, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 79 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress during day 2 of the competition and comes back to the day 1 level in the following day (P<0.05). Additionally, both during gradation and elimination shootings, cortisol levels rise 15 min before the competition and come back to pre-competition levels during with half-time (P<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: According to the data obtained, salivary cortisol level (1) increases on the most important day of competition (elimination), (2) increases immediately before competitionregardless of gradation or elimination, (3) decreases with the commencement of the competition. Hence, cortisol seems to be an important parameter needs to be assessed for stress screening and strategies development in sport branches like arching that poses mental and physical stress. AIM: Trimetazidine used for the treatment of ischemic diseases is thought that it reveals its effects by preventing acidosis, blocking Na+ and Ca2+ ion channels, decreasing free oxygen radical formation and inducing variety of signal pathways for inhibition of apoptosis. Muscle damage resulted from excessive muscle activation and free oxygen radicals may decrease the performance in sportsmans related in such as swimming, running, biking and in persons work heavy labors. We aimed to investigate effects of trimetazidine on the exercise performance in rats exposed to swimming exercise. METHODS: All procedures applied were approved by Animal Research Local Ethics Committee (Abant Izzet Baysal University, 2014/38). In the study, 14 male Wistar rats were used. Control group(n=7) were administered saline(0,2 ml; i.p.), trimetazidine group(n=7) were administered trimetazidin(10 mg/kg, i.p.) and swum in Morris water maze for 21 days. The exhaustion criteria was to remain under water for 10 seconds. Time began to swim up to the moment of exhaustion of rats were recorded by the time the timer. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS: While swimming time of trimetazidin applied rats at the end of twenty-one days rose from 70.37±22.49 to 82.54±5.64 minutes (p<0,05), there is no a significant difference in control group (from 38.43±26.90 to 44.74±7.88 min) furthermore in TMZ group, a significant increase occurred in swimming time than the control group (from 44.74±7.88 to 82.54±5.64 min) (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effect of trimetazidine on the time of skeletal muscle strength may increase sport performance of athletes in various fields and may reduce their healing times to make them active again after sports injuries. Trimetazidine may reveal its effects preventing free oxygen radical formation in skeletal muscle and prevent the formation of Caspase_3 stimulating MAPK/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis. PC142 The Effects of Exercise on Kidney Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems in Rats with Experimental Hyperthyroidism 1 2 3 3 Hilal Urçar , Serap Yıldırım , Abdülkadir Yıldırım , Elvin Aliyev 1 Artvin Coruh University, School of Health, Department of Nursing, Artvin, Turkey 2 Atatürk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Erzurum, Turkey 3 Atatürk University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey AIM: Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state accompanied by increased oxygen utilization, increased production of reactive oxygen species and consequentially measurable changes in antioxidative factors. Several studies have reported that regular endurance exercise may increase the antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether if there is any protective effect of a regular endurance exercise on oxidative stress in kidney tissues of hyperthroid rats. METHODS: Twenty-three male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control, hyperthyroid, exercise and hyperthyroid with exercise. Hyperthyroid was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections at a dosage of 250 µg L-Thyroxine per kg body weight. Endurance training lasted 8 weeks and consisted of 45 minutes daily treadmill running at a speed of 23 m/minute for 5 days a week. The levels of MDA, GSH and GSH-Px activity were measured in kidney homogenates. RESULTS: MDA level of the hyperthyroid group was significantly higher than the those of the control group (p=0,022). On the other hand the MDA level of the exercise group was significantly lower than the MDA level of the hyperthyroid group (p=0,001). GSH level and GSH-Px activities were lower in the hyperthyroid group comparing the control group (p<0,05). GSH level and GSH-Px activity in the exercise group were higher than compared with the hyperthyroid group (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that L-Thyroxine injection may increase oxidative stress by causing lipid peroxidation at kidney tissues and endurance training may decrease oxidative stress. PC144 Hemorheological Effects of Exercise Training and Detraining In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Ozgen Kilic Erkek, Emine Kilic Toprak, Vural Kucukatay, Melek Bor Kucukatay Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Denizli, Turkey AIM: Favorable effects of exercise in hypertension and hemorheological responses to various exercise types have been studied extensively. Cessation of exercise (detraining) after a short period is a common problem. Hemorheological responses to swimming exercise and detraining have never been investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We aimed to investigate the effects of moderate intensity swimming exercise followed by detraining on erythrocyte deformability and aggregation in SHR. METHODS: Animals were randomized into exercised, detrained (510 weeks) groups. Corresponding sedentary rats were grouped as Time 1-2-3. Exercise of 60 min, 5 days/week/10 weeks was applied. Detraining rats discontinued training during 5-10 weeks after exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured every 2 weeks by tail-cuff method. Erythrocyte deformability, aggregation were determined by ektacytometry. RESULTS: Exercise training reduced SBP in both normotensive and SHR rats, decreased erythrocyte aggregation in SHR compared to control rats. SBP lowering effect of exercise was maintained until a detraining period equal to the duration of the exercise protocol, while 5 weeks of detraining reverted the improvements observed in erythrocyte aggregation of SHR. Although exercise did not affect erythrocyte deformability, detraining for 10 weeks decreased RBC deformability in normotensives, but not in hypertensives. PC143 Trimetazidine Improves Exercise Performance in Rats Exposed to Swimming Exercise 1 1 2 1 Ferda Tonyalı , Erkan Kılınç , Recep Bayram , Hakan Şakar , Bedri 1 1 1 Selim Benak , Şaban Bayram , Kenan Gümüştekin 1 Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bolu, Turkey 2 Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bolu, Turkey 80 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC146 The Determination of Weight Perception and Physical Activity Levels on University Students 1 2 3 4 İnci Arıkan , Ezgi Ece , Ayşegül Küçük , Ahmet Koçak 1 Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Kutahya, Turkey 2 Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Art Science, Department of Biology, Kutahya, Turkey 3 Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey 4 Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology-Embriology, Kutahya, Turkey CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that, the exercise training applied herein has positive effects on circulation not only by lowering blood pressure, but also by decreasing erythrocyte aggregation which was reversed after 5 weeks of detraining in SHR. In conclusion, life-long regular exercise with only short-term pauses may be adviced to both normotensives and individuals who are genetically under risk of hypertension. This Project was supported by Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (2012ARŞ002, 2013SBE003). PC145 Exercise Capacity and Mortality in Veterans with and without Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis Using Propensity Matching 1 2 1 Mehmet Akif Baktır , Yasin Ceran , Jonathan Myers 1 VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA 2 Santa Clara University, School of Business, Santa Clara, CA, USA AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the physical activity levels and weight perception of the university students. MATERIALS-METHODS: This is a study which was conducted on 1830 age of 1891 university students residing in Kutahya. Physical activity was measured using the short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short form. For each physical activity (high, low and medium), the day and minute values were found and scores were determined by MET (metabolic equivalaent) values. Total MET scores were seperated into three groups: <600 METmin/week: insufficient physical activity, 600-3000 MET-min/week: minimal physical activity and >3000 MET-min/week: sufficient activity. Accurate weight perception (AWP) was defined as the concordance between BMI category and weight perception. Chisquare test was used in statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean energy expenditure from physical activity was 1486 MET-min/week. Physical activity levels of students were found as sufficient at 13.9% rate only. Physical activity levels of male students were significantly higher than those of the females (p<0.001). Perceived weight category of the participants were underweight (10.7%), normal weight (69%) and overweight-obese (20.4%). 72% of males and 65,7% of females have accurately perceived their weight. Male students with AWP were more physically active than females. (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Approximately 70% of university students have AWP, however physical activity rate was only 13%. Suitable weight perception and physical activity educations can be designed especially for female students. AIM: Recent studies have demonstrated a strong association between exercise capacity and mortality in various clinical conditions, but potential bias due to differences in the distribution of baseline variables has not been adequately considered. For example, in earlier studies focusing on diabetes, the stratified hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for those with and without diabetes were reported despite the fact that the two groups had differences in their baseline variable distributions. Similar to randomization in controlled experiments, propensity scoring removes the effect of confounding by forming groups of treated and untreated subjects having similar distributions of baseline covariates. In the current study, we used a cohort of veterans with and without Type-2 diabetes to assess the association between exercise capacity and mortality using a propensity score matching method. METHODS: A retrospective review of a clinic-based cohort was conducted. Included were male veterans with (n=592) and without (n= 6,167) Type-2 diabetes who underwent maximal exercise testing for clinical reasons between 1986 and 2011. Three fitness levels were established (low, moderate, and high) based on peak METs achieved. Propensity scores were used to balance covariate distributions between groups with and without Type-2 diabetes. All-cause mortality was the end point. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards approved by the institutional review board at Stanford University, and all subjects gave written informed consent before undergoing ETT. RESULTS: Significant predictors for all-cause mortality were: age (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.05-1.06), hypertension (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.231.47), smoking (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.17-1.46), Type-2 diabetes (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.99-1.38), body-mass index (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.9880.997), and exercise capacity. For each 1 MET increase in exercise capacity in the unmatched group, the adjusted HR for mortality was 0.83 in those with diabetes (95% CI 0.77-0.89; p<0.0001) compared to 0.87 in those without diabetes (95% CI 0.86-0.89; p<0.0001). Similar trends were observed for the matched dataset: the HR for adjusted mortality was 0.83 for subjects with diabetes (95% CI 0.77-0.90; p<0.0001) compared to 0.88 for those without diabetes (95% CI 0.82-0.94; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise capacity is a strong predictor of mortality in veterans with and without Type-2 diabetes. Although the trend in the association between exercise capacity and all-causemortality was similar for matched and unmatched data, the mortality risks were relatively inflated when using unmatched data. Such differences suggest that, without minimizing the impact of confounding variables, results derived from an unmatched dataset may be biased. PC147 Effect of Prepubertal High Intensity Training on Bone Mineral Content in Young Adult Period of Female and Male Rats 1 2 3 Gülay Durmuş Altun , Selma Arzu Vardar , Nesrin Turan , Mevlüt 2 Yaprak 1 Trakya University, Department of Nucleer Medicine, Edirne, Turkey 2 Trakya University, Department of Physiology, Edirne, Turkey 3 Trakya University, Department of Biostatistics, Edirne, Turkey AIM: The effect of high intensity training in prepubertal period on bone mineral content and the role of gender on this effect were investigated in this study. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 month were divided as exercise ( E) (n=30; 16 male/14 female) and sedentary (S) groups (n=27; 13 male/14 female). The timing of puberty onset were determined of all rats. E group were subjected to progressively increasing running speed (4-8 m/min) and slope (0-6°) during 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks sedentary period. Bone mineral content (BMC) of whole body were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, when the rats were 12 weeks old and 16 weeks old. One-way, two-way, repeated measures of ANOVA tests were 81 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress with VO2max in athletes in interval and continuous running. Ethical commitee report was receved by the Atatürk University (2012.2.57) for the study and also volunteering approval was taken from each student. used in this study. RESULTS: Time dependent alteration were observed in BMC values in female and male rats (p=0.0001; p=0.0001); the alteration was in the same way (p=0.159). BMC values in 12th week were significantly different when compared independent of sedentary and exercise, and the difference was affected from gender (p=0.0001). BMC values in female were 4.8±1.2 gr in E group and 6.5±2.9 gr in S group, in males 6.5±1.1 gr in E group and 6.4±0,9 gr in S group (p=0.03). When compared independent of sedentary and exercise, BMC values in 16th week were significantly different (p=0.0001), and the difference was affected from gender (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: High intensity exercise in prepubertal period may affect bone mineral content differently in female and male rats. Gender can consider as an effective factor on the relation between prepubertal exercise and bone metabolism. This study was supported by a grand from Trakya University Research Fund (TÜBAP-729). PC149 Comparison of Glutathione Reductase and Glutathione STransferase Levels of Two Different Running Training Groups 1 2 3 4 Murat Taş , Esra Şentürk , Murat Şentürk , Ramazan Demirdağ , 4 1 5 1 Veysel Çomaklı , Murat Akyüz , Recep Soslu , Öznur Akyüz , Metin 6 Bayram 1 Department of Sports Health Sciences, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey 2 Department of Nursing, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 3 Department of Chemsitry, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 4 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 5 Department of Sports Manegement, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey 6 Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey PC148 Carbonic Anhydrase Activity as a New Parameter in Exercise Physiology 1 2 3 4 Murat Taş , Esra Şentürk , Murat Şentürk , Veysel Çomaklı , 4 5 1 Ramazan Demirdağ , Metin Bayram , Murat Akyüz , Mehmet 6 Göktepe 1 Department of Sports Health Sciences, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey 2 Department of Nursing, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 3 Department of Chemsitry, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 4 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 5 Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 6 Department of Recreation, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the change in high altitude and cold weather runners’ enzyme levels of Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) in two different training programs. METHODS: After baseline test, male participants aged between 20-22 were randomly allocated into three groups: the interval exercise training group (IETG, n=7), continuous training group (CTG, n=7) and the control group (n=6). Our study was done 1640 meter sea level and avarage temperature -15ºC. Each participant’s blood samples GR and GST activity were measured at the baseline, as well as after one mounth ( every week) of the experimental period. GR activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring NADPH level at 340 nm. RESULTS: Results of this study showed that there is a significant difference in GR, GST activity and BMI (p<0.05) levels between the two groups. Both groups also had increase in BMI (INT 21,9 ± 1,621,4 ± 1,7 kg/m2; CON 21,6 ± 1,6-20,9 ± 1,6 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS: A steady increase was determined both in GR and GST activity iin the exercise programs. Moreover, both groups had better BMI values as compared to the control group. Ethical commitee report was receved by the Atatürk University (2012.2.57) for the study and also volunteering approval was taken from each student. AIM: The effects of high intensity interval (INT) and continuous (CON) exercises on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme effects are not clear.There is an evident lack of studies focused on CA activity experienced following INT and CON running. Thus, our aim in this study is to determine the relationship between Ca activity and VO2max. METHODS: Following the baseline test, male university students, aged 20-22 years, were randomly allocated into three groups: the interval exercise training group (n=7), continuous training group (n=7) and the control group (n=6). Continuous running group was done 25 to 60 min duration runnig exercise on 3 days per weeks for six weeks. Common interval exercise running was done exercise on 3 days per weeks for six weeks. Subjects were required to run intensity of 60 to 80%. The exercise was applied 3 sets. Each participant’s VO2max and CA activity were measured at the baseline, as well as after 6 weeks of the experimental period. CA activity was assayed by following the change in absorbance at 348 nm of 4-nitrophenylacetate (NPA) over a period of 3 min at 25ºC using a spectrophotometer according to the method described by Verpoorte. RESULTS: Results of our study showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in CA activity and VO2max (p<0.01). Both groups also had significant iincrease in VO2max (INT 42.6±5.3-47.6±4.1 ml/kg/min; CON 41.3±3.0-50.2±3.5 ml/kg/min). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CA activity is in parallel PC150 Responses of Exercise and Detraining on Heart, Lung, Liver and Kidney Tissues Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats 1 1 1 Özgen Kılıç Erkek , Emine Kılıç Toprak , Sadettin Çalışkan , Yusuf 1 2 1 Ekbiç , İsmail Hakkı Akbudak , Vural Küçükatay , Melek Bor 1 Küçükatay 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey AIM: Favorable effects of exercise in hypertension are well-known. Cessation of exercise (detraining) is a common problem. Oxidant/antioxidant responses to exercise and detraining have never been investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 82 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress was significantly increased (p<0.05) with exercise and exercise plus vitamin C treatment. CONCLUSION: Based upon these results, exercise may play an important role in increasing of amylase activity and in decreasing of total iron-binding capacity. Vitamin C may play a considerable function in increasing of total iron-binding capacity and in decreasing of the prostatic acid phosphtase activitiy. This study was partially founded by the Commission of Scientific Research Projects of Harran University. We aimed to investigate the effects of swimming exercise followed by detraining on heart, lung, liver and kidney total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative status index (OSI) in SHR. METHODS: Animals were randomized into exercised, detrained (510 weeks) groups. Sedentary rats were grouped as Time 1-2-3. Swimimng of 60 min, 5 days/week/10 weeks was applied. Detraining rats discontinued during 5-10 weeks after exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff method. TOS, TAS and OSI were detected by a kit. RESULTS: Exercise training reduced SBP in SHR rats. Although exercise didn’t affect TAS levels, TOS levels of SHR tissues were higher than normotensive groups. Statistical significance has emerged from the detraining period. Consistent with these data, the value of the OSI was increased especially in hypertensive group. Although this increment in OSI was reduced by exercise in the tissues, OSI was increased again during detraining period. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that the exercise protocol reduced SBP and has positive effects on OSI levels of especially in SHR. Oxidant/antioxidant system is -at least partly- involved in maintaining the effects of exercise and detraining on SBP in hypertension. This Project was supported by Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (2015HZL010). PC152 Skin Conductance Levels and Responses at Different Sports Branches Osman Özocak, Sami Aydoğan, Nazan Dolu Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: Skin conductance level which is the relaxation state of eccrine sweat glands is sympathetic skin response which reflects attention level and it is used for attention assessment. Skin conductance response is conductance alteration which is forming against stimulant series. The study has aimed to compare by looking into skin conductance level and responses of four different individual athlete groups and the sedentary. MATERIALS: In total between 18-25 year-old 50 male students whose right hands are dominant and studying at Physical Education and Sports High School, Erciyes University have taken part in the study. There have been five groups consisting of 10 students each from four different sports branches (swimming, skiing, tennis, taekwondo) and the sedentary from the same age group. Recording of SCL and SCR are taken from 2nd and 3rd fingers of each hand by the aid of electrodes which are placed distal phalanx of fingers and MP30 system. Tonic and phasic SCL of right and left hand and phasic SCR parameters have been evaluated. SCL and SCR values of right and left hand have been compared with in-group matching t-test. RESULTS: When SCL and SCR values of individual athletes have been compared with the sedentary, it is detected that tonic and phasic SCL and phasic SCR values of swimmers’ right and left hands have been more than the sedentary (p<0,05). But when the groups are compared, tonic and phasic SCL values of taekwondo players’ left hands are quite less than swimmers’ (p<0,05).When SCL values of right hands and left hands are compared, the sedentary, whose right hands are dominant, tonic and phasic SCL values of them and taekwondo players’ right hand SCL values are higher than left ones. Skiers’ right hands phasic SCL values are lower than left ones (p<0,05) CONCLUSIONS: While skiers’ right hands phasic SCL values are lower than left ones, swimmers’ SCL and SCR values are higher than the sedentary and taekwondo, which proves that swimmers’ sympathetic SCR and accordingly their attention are higher. This study has been supported with project (number TYL:20145483) by Erciyes University Researching Fund. PC151 Effects of Vitamin C on Prostatic Acid Phosphtase Activity and Iron Panel in Preseason Exercise of Soccer Players 1 1 2 1 Ali Ziya Karakılçık , Hakim Çelik , Resul Halat , Mustafa Zerin , 3 Yaşar Nazlıgül 1 Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey 2 Departments of Physical Education of Sport Sciences, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey 3 Departments of Internal Siseases, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: There are considerable variations for physiological and biochemical parameters related to differences in participant age, gender and exercise training. Exercise may increase free radicals indusing oxidative stress in biomolecules such as enzymes, nucleic acids, proteins. Vitamin C may modulate oxidative damage of biomolecules affected by ROS. This study was carried out to investigate the possible effects of vitamin C on iron panel and acid phosphtase activity in preseason exercise of soccer players. METHODS: This study was carried out on the volunteer players divided into three groups. The first group was examined as a control. The second group was only exposed to exercise. The third group was exposed to exercise plus vitamin C (500 mg/day) administered per oral. The activities of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), amylase (ALZ), total (TAP), prostatic (PAP) and nonprostatic (NPAP) acid phosphtase (PAP), and the values of iron, iron percentage (Fe%), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), transferrin (TRF), transferrin saturation (TRFS%), direct bilirubin (DBIL), creatinin (CRE), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) were determined in all samples. RESULTS: The activitiy of PAP and the values of Na, Ca, Mg, DBIL, CRE were significantly decreased (p<0.05-p<0.01), ALZ-activity was increased(p<0.05) with exercise plus vitamin C treatment. While TIBC was decreased (p<0.05) in exercise group, it was significantly increased(p<0.05) with exercise plus vitamin C treatment. UIBC PC153 The Comparison of Fat Oxidation of Sedentary Women at Different BMI during Rest and Exercise 1 1 2 Özgür Günaştı , Çiğdem Özdemir , Cemil Çağlar Bıldırcın , Selcen 2 2 1 Korkmaz , Abdullah Kılcı , Kerem Tuncay Özgünen , Sanlı Sadi 1 Kurdak 1 University of Cukurova, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Adana, Turkey 2 Department of Physical Education and Sports College University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey 83 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress <0.05). Only OSİ index is significant difference between acute and chronic groups (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, acute and chronic exercise does not have a positive effect on plasma MMP. It can say that exercise, oxidative stress appears with the development of oxidants, inhibits antioxidant enzymes decreasing antioxidant synthesis. AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the differences of fat oxidation between resting and fatmax (maximal fat oxidation) in sedentary women having different body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Twenty sedentary women, normal group (n=10, age 23.4±2.9, BMI 20.3±1.5kg/m2) and overweight group(n=10,age 23.5±2.1,BMI 29.5±4.4 kg/m2) were participated the study. Indirect calorimeter was used for metabolic evaluation. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fatmax measurements were performed in the morning after at least 8hours of fasting. Exercise tests were performed on a treadmill with an incremental test protocol. The participants recorded their food consumption the day before and their caloric intake was evaluated by BEBIS program. The results are given as mean±SE. Student-t-test used to compare the groups, and paired samples-t-test was used to evaluate the different parameters of each group. RESULTS: Total caloric uptake was similar between groups both quantitatively and qualitatively. Also RMR and substrate sources for RMR was similar. The energy produced from fats during resting and fatmax in both groups 350.9±161.0kcal/day, 2714.9±752.3kcal/day and 609.0±406.2kcal/day, 4660.7±2704.8kcal/day respectively. The resting values were similar between groups. However fatmax values were significantly different (p<0.05). In addition the rate of increase from resting to fatmax was similar in both groups. DISCUSSION: At exercise, metabolic increases and the substrate usage increases to overcome metabolic requirement. Also overweight individuals are predicted to have higher fatty acid mobilization during exercise and rest. The raito of energy produced from fats during fatmax to resting might indicate the subject’s ability to utilize fatty acids. There is a necessity of further studies for different BMI groups to show how this ratio changes. PC155 Investigation of Effect of Exercise on Physical Parameters on Football Referees at Van Region 1 1 1 1 Erol Kı ̇na , Okan Arıhan , Özlem Ergül Erkeç , Mehmet Kara , Seda 2 2 Karaöz Arıhan , Yener Bektaş 1 Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Van, Turkey 2 Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Literature, Department of Anthropology, Van, Turkey AIMS: It was aimed to evaluate the differences between anthropometical characters of football referees and sedentery people in Van region. METHODS: Two study groups were formed composed of 24 referees (referee group) and 24 control individuals (control group). From each group, height, BMI(Body Mass Index), triceps SFT(Skin Fold Thickness), supscapular SFT, supraspinal SFT, calf SFT, calf circumference, arm circumference, elbow width, knee width were obtained and lateralization as well as ratio of second digit to fourth digit(2D/4D) were assessed. RESULTS: Control group (74.8kg) was lighter compared to referee group (75.4kg). Referee group (176cm) was higher compared to control group (171cm). Referee group was found at a lower mean for BMI (24.1kg/m2) compared to control (25.4kg/m2). For triceps SFT, control (12.1mm) was higher in value compared to referee group (10.2mm). Triceps SFT was highest at the beginning period of referee position and with time this value decreased. In other SFT values a similar situation was observed. For lateralization referee group used two arms more whereas control group was more right handed. When groups were assessed for 2D/4D ratio, control group (0.97) and referee group (0.97) was found to have similar ratios. Differences between groups didn’t reach statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Training performed to be a referee is found to exert a positive effect on BMI and SFT values. Although no significant differences were found between anthropometric values, this result may be related with the fact that referees perform this activity as a free time activity rather than a full time position including regular training programs. PC154 The Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase and Total Antioxidant Levels in Rats Melek Tunc Ata, Mukaddes Mergen Dalyanoğlu, Sebahat Turgut, Günfer Turgut Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey AIM: Developing research has demonstrated that many of the benefits of exercise are mediated through the role of skeletal muscle. MMPs play an important role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle. Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) inhibit thereby limit the extent of extracellular matrix degradation. Hyaluronic acid is a negatively charged high-molecular-weight polisaccharide distributed in the extracellular space. Physical exercise creates various changes in the oxidant-antioxidant balance. The purpose of this study was investigate the levels of MMP-1, TIMP-1, HA, TAS and TOS following acute and chronic exercising in rats. METHODS: Twenty-six Wistar Albino male rats were divided in to three groups: control (n=10), acute exercise (n=7) chronic exercise (n=9). A treadmill exercise was performed 3 days/week, 10 min/day for 4 weeks in acute groups. In chronic group, exercise performed 7 days/week, 60 min/day for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, plasma MMP-1, TIMP-1, HA, TAS, TOS levels were measured. RESULTS: In our study, no significant difference in the level plasma MMP-1, TIMP-1, HA and TOS but TAS levels and OSİ index were found significantly different among three groups (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed for these parameters between acute and chronic groups. TAS and TOS levels were found significantly different between control and chronic group (p PC156 Comparison of Anthropometric and Somatotype Features of Individual Athlethes Kürşad Şahin, Osman Özocak, Sami Aydoğan Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: It is known that structural characteristics of body show diversities in different sports branches and even different classes of the same sports branch. This is vitally important for directing of athletes to different sports branches, training of junior athletes and increasing performance of professional athletes. For this reason determination of athletes’ morphological and physiological structure is quite important. In our study it is aimed to compare four different individual athlete groups and the sedentary anthropometric and somatotype features. 84 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress on BMR and BMI. METHODS: In our study, 26 female patients in postmenopausal period with primary osteoporosis participated from Ortospor Sports Injuries, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center. Microvibration before and after BMR and BMI measurements were taken. HHP brand andullation the bed (vibration frequency of 5060 cycles/sec) was used as a micro-vibration source. BMR measurements were carried out with Cosmed brand Umeda Pro Fit metabolism devices and BMI values were carried out with Tanita BC-1000 model scale. The data, obtained from treated patient (n=17) and untreated patient (n=9), analized with SPSS 21 Statistical program. p<0,05 was considered significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The participants Metabolic Age (MA), Free Fat Mass (FFM), Body Fat Mass (BFM), BMR, BMI and body water percentage values were compared with the control group. In micro-vibration administered group, it was determined that body muscle mass and body water percentage increased, body fat mass and metabolic age reduced, no change in the other parameters. MATERIALS: 40 volunteers study at Physical Education and Sports High School, Erciyes University. Their ages are between 18-25 and they are from 4 different branches (swimming, skiing, tennis, taekwondo). 12 sedentary students are of the same age group. In total 52 male students has joined the study as sample group. Somatotype classification has been evaluated with Heat-Carter method. For anthropometric features; skinfold thickness and diameter measurements have been measured with caliper, body size(waist measure)has been measured with tape, body height and weight have been measured with height measurement scale and weighing scale. SPSS 21.00 Windows packaged software has been used for statistical analyses. This study has been confirmed by ERU Clinical Ethic Committee (2014/445) and informed approval form was filled. RESULTS: There are not big difference between the sedentary and individual athlete groups in terms of skinfold thickness and demographic features. Individual athletes’ diameter and waist measurement, bitrochanteric diameter of their foot, wrist, neck, shoulder, forearm and calf of the leg are more than the sedentary (p<0,05). According to Heat Carter classification it is detected that skiers’ ectomorphic- endomorphy as (5-2-4), taekwondo players’ mesomorphic- endomorphy as (6-4-3), tennis players’ balanced endomorphy as (5-2-2), swimmers’ ectomorphic- endomorphy as (5-2-3) and the sedentary mesomorphic-endomorphy as (6-3-2). CONCLUSIONS: Sample group forming 4 athlete groups have endomorph and mesomorph qualifications but our sample group is not solid performance group so conglomeration is detected towards endomorph body type. Athletes who perform sports branches which are pertinent to their body structure are increasing their performance and it is in need of a study with broad participation. This study has been supported with project (number TYL:20145483) by Erciyes University Researching Fund. PC158 Salivary Cortisol Levels in Elite Male Handball Players during a Match 1 2 1 2 Yı ̇ldı ̇rı ̇m Kayacan , Tuba Tapan , Yücel Makaracı , Cihat Uçar , 2 Sedat Yıldız 1 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yaşar Doğu Sport Sciences, Samsun, Turkey 2 İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey INTRODUCTION: Anxiety is a natural reaction given in certain time by an individual and stress manifested as result of this might negatively affect performance in competitive and score-driven exercise forms. In human body, salivary cortisol reflects rapidly changing free cortisol levels within minutes in response to stress. Salivary cortisol studies are carried out as reliable and practical method for the assessment of various stress types such as psychological stress, chronic stress, acute stress and physical stress. Aim of the current study was to assess stress levels in a team game like handball and to measure the salivary cortisol levels in players before match, half-time and after the match. METHODS: Elite handball players (n=14) who were playing for Ondokuz Mayıs University male handball team were included in the study. In a semifinal match, salivary samples were taken 3 times: before the match, in the half-time and after the match. Salivary cortisol levels were analyzed by ELISA. Data were analysed by paired t-test and p<0.05 denoted statistical significance. RESULTS: Analyses show that three samples taken from the players have different levels of cortisol (P=0.042). Half-time cortisol levels were higher than the levels before the match (P=0.006). There were statistical differences between before and after the match samples (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As a team game, stress hormone cortisol has risen in the half-time and has dropped back to pre-match levels afterwards in a handball game. In this regard, salivary cortisol seems to be a useful parameter to assess stress level in a physically demanding game like handball. By the assessment of the effects of cortisol on success, strategies might be developed for the games and players. PC157 Evaluation of The Body Mass Index and Basal Metabolic Measurement Parameter on Micro-vibration Applied Postmenopausal Women 1 2 3 Mehmet Tolgahan Hakan , Aliye Kaşarcı Hakan , Mehmet Ünal 1 Hitit University,Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Corum, Turkey 2 Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Unfortunately, the progress of the age of menopause it is commonly seen in women. Decrease of basal metabolic rate and increase of person's weight is seen with the onset of menopause. Decrease in basal metabolism and physical activity coupled with the increase in body mass index, it leads to the formation of obesity and diseases such as metabolic syndrome. Implementation of Micro-vibration method can eliminate the disadvantage of lack of physical activity and postmenopausal period. The vibration applied to the body work began to eliminate muscle and bone loss in astronauts and nowadays progress, in order to improve the individual's quality of life, for treating physical/psychological stress, pain treatment, lymphatic system diseases treanment and various metabolic and systemic diseases treatment. In this study aimed to investigate the effect on the metabolism of the application and minimize the disadvantages of the postmenopausal period with analyzed micro-vibration effects 85 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC159 The Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Sedantary Adults 1 2 Ferihan Çetin , Elçin Baykal 1 Izmir University Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department, Izmir, Turkey 2 Izmir University Arts and Sciences, Psychology Department, Izmir, Turkey 2-2.5 months that weighed 150-200 g. First group (n=10) intrarectally received a placebo (0.9% NaCl) and the second (n=10) intrarectally received 2 mL of 5% acetic acid and the placebo. The third group (n=10) intrarectally received 2 mL of 5% acetic acid plus commercial NSO (produced with cold press) 1 mL/kg of body weight via gastric gavage. Colon injury were scored according to histopathological appearances. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and arylesterase (ARE) activities, and total thiol (T-SH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were analyzed in plasma and colon. Data were analyzed by variance analysis and Mann–Whitney U test using SPSS 11.5 program. RESULTS: In plasma, while CAT (p=0.034), TOS (p=0.041), LOOH (p=0.034) and OSI (p=0.007) increased following the administration of AA, TAC (p=0.006) decreased. OSI were decreased (p=0.049) while TAC increased (p=0.01) in response to NSO treatment. While MPO (p=0.001) and CAT (p=0.001) activities, and TOS(p=0.001), LOOH (p=0.025), and OSI (p=0.001) were increased, ARE (p=0032), T-SH (p=0.001), and TAC (p=0.001) were decreased in the colon in response to AA treatment. On the other hand, MPO (p=0.028) and OSI (p=0.049) decreased, but TAC (p=0.014) increased in response to NSO. Colon injury increased (p=0.001) in response to AA, they decreased (p=0.001) in response to NSO. CONCLUSIONS: The values of TAC were increased, while OSI, MPO and colon injury were decreased in response to NSO treatment. Based on these results, NSO might play an important role in modulating of oxidative stress-increasing and colon injury produced by AA in rats This study was partially founded by the Commission of Scientific Research Projects of Harran University. INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Physical activity has a role in developing attention, cognitive functions and episodic memory. Sedentary people who participated in cardio-aerobic exercise protocol, has been shown to increase the volume of prefrontal and temporal cortex. In a randomized study of 37 sedentary adults participated in a short-term aerobic exercise, shown to provide positive gains in memory and cognitive performance with increases blood flow in hippocampus. We aimed to investigate the effect of submaximal exercise on cognitive function in healthy sedentary men. METHOD: In 7 healthy sedentary men, maximal heart rate (according to Karvonen) of 60-70% is determined for submaximal exercise. In a gym at 25°C, subjects performed calisthenic exercise including large muscle groups for 3 days per week, 60 min/day for 3 weeks. Exercise programme included 5min warm-up, submaximal exercise and 5 min cooling period. Cognitive tests were performed before starting the first exercise training. Letters span, serial position paradigm and cognitive fluency tasks are applied that measure cognitive processes such as capacity of short and long term memory and cognitive fluency. Total test time was 15 minutes and were performed in the Psychology laboratory of the university. Tasks were created by researchers, programming and implementation was done by e-prime Professional Edition 2.0. The same battery of tests were performed again at the end of a 3week exercise training. RESULTS: Results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon method. Significant difference was found between recalled average number of letters in the pre-exercise and post-test (p<0.05), but there was no significance in the the average number of words recalled and number of words produced test (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Although this work is a preliminary study, there was significant difference after 3 weeks of submaximal aerobic exercise in cognitive tests of the letter span battery, however, it must be performed on more subjects. PC161 On Use of Dermatoglyphical Model in Neurophysiology Ulduz F. Gashimova, S. I. Gasanova Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan AIM: The study explores the possibility of using the bilaterally represented system of dermatoglyphics as model of structural organization of brain two hemispheres. The very idea is based on literature data, which are indicative of genetic and phenotypic correlation between the brain motor functions and the asymmetry of finger dermatoglyphics. METHOD: The indicators of bilateral asymmetry of finger dermatoglyphics were studied and compared in two groups of volunteers with different type of hemispheres' dominance in organization of brain motor function (“dominant” hand) and sensory function (“dominant" eye). RESULTS: The findings reveal statistically true difference in asymmetry level between the right-handers and the left-handers, irrespective of sensory asymmetry profile. CONCLUSION: The right-handers appeared to show more asymmetry in comparison with the left-handers. This trend is particularly manifested for functionally active field of hand (Field R), covering I-III fingers. PC160 Modulating Effects of Nigella sativa Oil on Stress-Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats 1 2 1 Ali Ziya Karakılçık , Muharrem Bitiren , Hakim Çelik , Mustafa 1 3 Zerin , Mete Köksal 1 Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey 2 Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey 3 Departments of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey AIM: Excessive production of free radicals (FRs) including reactive oxygen species may contribute significantly to development of the colon injury in ulcerative colitis. Biochemical components of nigella sativa oil (NSO) have been reported to have benefit properties for health, including antioxidative and immunomodulative activities. The present study was designed to investigate the possible role of NSO in experimental colitis induced by acetic acid in rats. METHODS: This study was conducted with Wistar albino rats aged PC162 Lipid profiles and body mass index of young students in Jordan Balasim Rasheed Habeeb Alquraishi Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Jordan OBJECTIVE: To analyze the lipid profile in a population of young university students in relation with their BMI. 86 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress macrophages was observed when the macrophages were incubated with apelin (p<0.01 vs control). Incubation of macrophages with the APJ antagonist F13A prevented the suppressive effect of apelin on phagocytic activity (p<0.01 vs apelin group). Peritoneal macrophages incubated with apelin exhibited a decrease in chemotactic capacity compared to the control macrophages (p<0.05). Incubation of peritoneal macrophages with F13A prevented the decrease in chemotactic activity by apelin (p<0.05 vs apelin+F13A). Furthermore, the presence of the APJ receptor in macrophages obtained from rat peritoneum was showed. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that apelin may be a mediator that regulates the function of macrophages during the inflammatory response. METHODS: This study assessed 96 students with age between 18 and 31 years old who were classified according to their sex and their body mass index (BMI). The fasting serum submitted to lipid profile analysis, including serum level of total cholesterol (TC), High(HDL-c), triglycerides (TG)were measured by using enzymatic method and Non HDLD and a fraction of cholesterol of low (LDL-c) which calculated mathematically besides of life habits and atherogenic data. RESULTS: The mean BMI (Kg/cm2) in male (27.75±5.76) is higher than the mean BMI in female (23.17±2.78), P value (0.0001). The mean total concentration of cholesterol, LDL-c and Non HDL (mg/dl) in males (165.88±32.20, 85.00±39.94, 105.09±34.22) respectively is less than in females (194.27±52.04, 125.32±50.39, 139.14±51.35) correspondingly. The mean total concentration of HDL-c and TG (61.97±13.29, 94.80±53.65) respectively are higher in male than those in female (54.57±13.14, 71.75±35.51) correspondingly. Lipid indices, total cholesterol/HDL, LDL/HDL and Non HDL/HDL in male (2.91±1.02, 1.50±0.86, 1.87±0.99) respectively are less than those in female (3.73±1.24, 2.47±1.24, 2.75±1.25). CONCLUSIONS: The obesity of young males (25.00%) is more prevalence than the obesity of young females (2.28%). The risk concentration of total cholesterol,LDL-c and Non HDL and the lipid indices (Total cholesterol/HDL,LDL/HDL and Non HDL/HDL) are higher in females than males and this indicate that the young females have more risk to develop cardiac problems in older ages. PC164 The Effect of Boric Acid and Borax on Blood Pressure in the Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) Applied Rats 1 2 2 Bahattin Bulduk , Gökhan Oto , Hülya Özdemir , Nizamettin 1 2 3 4 Günbatar , Hasan Uyar , Mehmet Bulduk , Sadi Elaslan 1 YüzüncüYıl University, High School of Healthy, Van, Turkey 2 YüzüncüYıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, Van, Turkey 3 YüzüncüYıl University, Ercis Vocational School, Van, Turkey 4 YüzüncüYıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Statistic Department, Van, Turkey PC163 The Effect of Apelin on the Function of Peritoneal Macrophages 1 2 3 3 İlknur Birsen , Burcu Gemici , Nuray Acar , İsmail Üstünel , Vecihe 1 Nimet İzgüt Uysal 1 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey 2 Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Lefkosia, Cyprus 3 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey AIM: In this study the thereaupetical effect of boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) on possible changes of blood pressure of the rats which were applied benzopyrene (B(a)P) and 3-methylccholonthrene (3MC) were researched. METHODS: Rats were separated into 9 groups as 6 in each. 1st group was chosen as control group. 100 mg/kg total dosages of B(a)P and 3-MC ( B(a)P to the 2nd group, 3-MC to the 3rd group) were applied twice a week in total 4 equal dosages by intraperitoneal way. Only BA 300 mg/L was applied to the 4th group and only BX 300 mg/L to 5th group via drinking water. B(a)P+BA were applied to 6th group, 3-MC+BA to 7th group, B(a)P+BX to 8th group and 3-MC+BX to 9th group at the same dosages of other groups. At the end of the study the blood pressure values of conscious rats were measured by tail-cuff method. RESULTS: The blood pressure values of 3-MC(135), B(a)P+BX (134,5), 3-MC+BX(136,5) applied groups indicated a significant increase as to control group (119). As the raise of blood pressure of B(a)P applied groups (125) wasn’t found significant,on the other hand the raise of B(a)P+BX applied group (134,5) was accepted purposeful. The blood pressure values of B(a)P+BX (134,5) and 3MC+BX groups (136,5) were found meaningful, however the increasing values of BX applied groups had no significance. CONCLUSION: It has seen that boracs causes solo or combination raises of blood pressure of B(a)P and especially 3-MC applied groups. AIM: Apelin, the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled orphan receptor (APJ), plays an important role in the physiological response to homeostatic perturbations. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of apelin on peritoneal macrophages function. METHODS: The peritoneal macrophages obtained from the rats were randomly separated into three test tubes including control, apelin and apelin+F13A groups (n=10 per group). Before the incubation period, in the apelin group, apelin (10 ng/mL); in the apelin+F13A group, the apelin receptor antagonist (F13A, 20 ng/mL) and apelin were added into the tubes containing peritoneal cells (2x10⁶ cells/mL). Phagocytic and chemotactic activities of peritoneal macrophages were measured. In the phagocytic activity measurement the cell suspension was incubated with an equal amount of 1% activated charcoal and the number of particles phagocytosed by each macrophage was counted under a light microscope. The chemotaxis assay was performed by Boyden’s method using a nitrocellulose filter. The distance of the macrophages to the lower face of the filter was determined under a light microscope. Furthermore a double staining immunofluorescence technique was used to determine the expression of APJ receptor in peritoneal macrophages. Data are presented as the mean±standard error. In the statistical evaluations, the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests are used and the level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. RESULTS: A significant decrease in phagocytic activity of peritoneal PC165 Effects of Exogenously Ghrelin on Apoptosis and Inflammation in Lung Tissue during Sepsis 1 2 3 2 Elif Özkök , Gülten Ateş Uluçay , Hatice Yorulmaz , Şule Tamer 1 Deparment of Neuroscience, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, 87 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC167 Blood Gas Analyzer Utility in Evaluating Oxygen Kinetics of the Aqueous Humor 1 1 2 1 İsmail Erşan , Sedat Arıkan , Hüseyin Toman , Selçuk Kara , Baran 1 2 1 3 Gencer , Mesut Erbaş , Hasan Ali Tufan , Metehan Uzun 1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, School of Med., Dept. of Ophthalmology, Çanakkale, Turkey 2 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, School of Med., Dept. of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Çanakkale, Turkey 3 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, School of Med., Dept. of Physiology, Çanakkale, Turkey Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Acute lung injury is one of the lethal complications in sepsis. It has been demonstrated that cytokines affect gene transcription and expression via mediator molecules in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced expression levels in lung tissue of septic rats. Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on organ damage in sepsis. It has been informed that exogenously ghrelin lead to alterations of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-10, via regulation of neutrophil mediated immune response and T-cell proliferation. We aimed to investigate the effects of exogenously ghrelin on TNF-α, IL-10, Bcl2, Bax, Caspase-3 gene expressions levels in lung tissue in septic rats. MATERIALS-METHODS: In our study, male Wistar albino rats (200250g) were separated into four groups including; Control (n=10), LPS (E.coli O127:B8, 5 mg/kg, n=10), Ghrelin (10 nmol/kg, n=10), LPS + Ghrelin (LPS 5 mg/kg, Ghrelin 10 nmol/kg, n=10). Rats were decapitated 24 hours after first injection and lung tissues were removed. TNF-α, IL-10, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 gene expression levels in tissue were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). RESULTS: There were no differences among experimental groups for caspase-3 levels. Bcl-2 gene expression levels were increased in both Ghrelin and Ghrelin+LPS groups compared to LPS. In all experimental groups, TNF-α and Bax levels were higher than control. In LPS+Ghrelin group, IL-10 levels were found to be increased. AIM: Most of the data about oxygen kinetics in the anterior chamber of the eye stems from measurements, including the application of polarographic electrodes inside the eye or on the corneal surface, ocular scanning fluorometry, and optical oxygen sensors. To the best of our knowledge, there is no more data exist on the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and pH of aqueous humor (AH) evaluated simultaneously with the PO2, PCO2, and pH of arterial blood samples. We aimed to measure the PO2, PCO2, and pH of blood and AH samples of rabbits, using gas blood analyzer. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine and xylazine, and then were allowed to breathe room air. Using a gas blood analyzer, arterial and AH samples were analyzed for PO2, PCO2, and pH. The measurements were presented as mean±standard deviation. The Spearman correlation test was used to explore the relationship between measures of arterial and AH samples. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean arterial blood pressure was 87.14±15.0 mmHg. The mean blood and AH PO2 were 95.18±11.76 mmHg and 88.83±9.92 mmHg, the mean blood and AH PCO2 were 25.86±5.46 mmHg and 29.50±5.36 mmHg, and the mean blood and AH pH were 7.38±0.06 and 7.33±0.09, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The blood gas analyzer was easily employed to evaluate the aqueous humor in rabbits. To measure AH PO2, PCO2, and pH levels with an easily accessible single device - the blood gas analyzer- give an opportunity to the investigators dealing with anterior segment pathologies. PC166 The Effects of Ex Vivo Ozone Treatment on Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme 1 1 2 2 Gülten Erken , Haydar Ali Erken , Çiğdem Bilen , Nahit Gencer 1 Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Balikesir, Turkey 2 Balikesir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Balikesir, Turkey AIM: Medical ozone generates beneficial effects by stimulating the endogenous antioxidant systems. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1.) are metalloenzymes and play a significant role in acidbase regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of medical ozone on human red blood cell CA (hCA) enzyme activity. METHODS: Human blood samples were treated with different doses of ozone (10, 20, 30 µg/ml) and the erythrocyte total CA enzyme activities were determined. Also, purified hCA I and hCA II isozymes were treated with same doses of ozone and enzyme activities were measured. The hCA I and II enzymes activities were assayed by following the hydration of CO2 according to the method described by Wilbur and Anderson (1976). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey test were used to compare the experimental groups. p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant alteration in activity of purified hCA I and hCA II treated with ozone compared to untreated control. Total CA activity of 30 µg/ml ozone-treated group was significantly higher than the 10 µg/ml ozone-treated group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ex vivo ozone doses used in this study did not cause any negative effect on erythrocyte CA enzyme activity. PC168 Study on Anti-inflammatory Effects of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) in Paw Edema Model Induced by Carrageenan 1 2 3 Elif İlkay İkitimur Armutak , Cihan Coşkun , Nadim Yılmazer , İlhan 4 5 6 Yaylım , Hakan Eraltan , Ebru Gürel Gürevin 1 Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Biochemistry, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey 4 Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 5 Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey 6 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is one of the most important traditional folk medicinal plants, which has been used for over 2000 years in Polynesia. It was shown in limited animal models that the Noni plant has wide ranging therapeutic properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Carrageenan is a substance used to set up 88 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress and disease activity indexes(PASI, BASDAI, BASFI, HAQ) were recorded. Serum IL-17a and IL-1a levels were measured by ELISA. Independent T-test was used to compare the measurements at control and patient groups. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to analyse different symptoms. A p˂0.05 value was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: Demographic and clinical assessment of the study patients were as follows: 18(45%) were smokers and 20(50%), 19(47.5%), 33(82.5%), 36(90%), 23(57.5%), 23(57.5%), 26(65%), 11(27.5%) had family history, HLA-B27 positivity, sacroiliitis, enthesitis, DIP joints, nail, wrist and ankle involvements, respectively. 20(50%) and 25(62.5%)patients had elevated CRP and ESR levels, respectively. There was statistically no significant difference between control group and the PsA patients at serum IL-1a levels (p=0.959). But, the PsA patients had elevated IL-1a in patients with wrist (p=0.032) and ankle involvements (p=0.047), and also with fatigue symptoms (p= 0.042). The difference in IL17a was significant in the PsA patients when compared to the controls (p=0.0001). However, there was no significant difference among the disease symptoms within the PSA patients. CONCLUSION: The elevated IL-17a levels in the PsA patients imply that it may be an important marker for diagnosis. Although, serum IL-1a levels did not differ between the study and control groups, there was a significant difference between some symptoms including fatigue, wrist and ankle involvements associated with PsA, suggesting its role in certain disease symptoms. inflammation model in experimental animals. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of oxidant and antioxidant capacity of Noni with its inflammatory parameters in a rat model using the Carrageenan induced left hind paw edema. METHODS: Thirty one female Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200 g were employed in the present study. The animals were divided into four groups as one control (n=7) and three experimental (n=8) groups. Group 1 was the control group which received 0.9% saline (0.2 ml), while group 2, 3 and 4 were experimental groups which were administered Noni (2 ml/bw) by gavage, Noni (2 ml/bw) by gavage + Carrageenan (1% w/v) subcutaneously into the left hind paw, and Carrageenan (1% w/v) subcutaneously into the left hind paw, respectively. Noni was given 30 min prior to the injection of Carrageenan. The blood was collected from the animals at zero time and 2 hours after Carrageenan injection. Total oxidant and antioxidant capacity was photometrically measured by FRAS 4 (Free Radical Analytical System), whereas Endothelin-1 and Leptin were determined by ELISA. All data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The “KruskalWallis” test was used to compare differences between the groups, while the “Mann Whitney U” tests for comparing two groups and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for the comparison within the group. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Oxidant capacity of Noni-treated group was declined at 2nd hour (p=0.017), while antioxidant capacity increased (p=0.036). As to Carrageenan-treated group, antioxidant capacity was found to be decreased at 2nd hour (p=0.028). There was no difference between antioxidant capacities of zero time and 2nd hour in the group treated both Noni and Carrageenan (p=0.263). In taking inflammatory parameters into consideration, levels of endothelin-1 and leptin of Noni-treated group were notably lower when compared to Carrageenan-treated group (p=0.001 and p=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Effects of Noni on inflammatory parameters imply that in addition to its antioxidant activity, Noni also has an antiinflammatory activity. PC170 Effect of age on the Relationship between Blood Pressure and Erythrocyte Indexes 1 2 3 Belkıs Salman Koçtekin , Ayşegül Uğur Kurtoğlu , Erdal Kurtoğlu , 4 Nimet Ünay Gündoğan 1 Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Transfusion Center, Antalya, Turkey 2 Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey 3 Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, Antalya, Turkey 4 Medical Faculty of Başkent University, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey PC169 Evaluation of Serum IL-1a and ILl-17a Levels in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients 1 2 3 4 Tennur Atabay , Şenol Kobak , Muhittin Akyıldız , Hakan Cengiz , 1 Hakan Mollaoğlu 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey 2 Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey 4 Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey AIM: Although the relationship between blood pressure and red blood cell (RBC) count and hematocrit (Hct) is still investigated, it is not clear yet. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between high blood pressure and RBC count and Hct, and the role of age on this relationship. METHODS: Total of 2742 donors (age range, 18-60), admitted to the transfusion center of Antalya Research and Training Hospital in 2014, were included in this study. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), RBC, hemoglobin(Hb) and Hct were recorded. Subjects were divided in to two groups, as age<40 and age≥40. p values below 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The number of donors age below 40 was 2037, and mean was 28.98±5.81. In this group the relationship between RBC, Hb, Hct and SBP was statistically significant and %61.7, %75.2, and % 89.9 in order. Also the relationship between RBC, Hb, Hct and DBP was statistically significant, and %63.7, %77.5, and %90.2 in order. The number of donors age above 40 was 705, and mean was 45.84±4.96. In this group the relationship between RBC, Hb, Hct and SBP was statistically significant and %52.5, %69.9 and % 87.6 in order. Also the relationship between RBC, Hb, Hct and DBP was statistically significant, and %54.4, %71.4, and %89.5 in order. AIM: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) characterized by peripheral joint involvement is a chronic inflammatory disease in patients with psoriasis. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine occuring as IL-1a and IL-1b implicated in the pathogenesis of PsA. Inflammation and epithelial changes in PsA are controlled by T cell-derived cytokines, including (IL-17) in autoimmune diseases. The role of IL-17a on the pathogenesis of arthritis has been reported in experimental arthritis models. In this study, serum IL17a and IL-1a levels were examined in patients with PsA to determine possible relationship with the disease findings. METHODS: In this study, 40 patients diagnosed as PsA according to CASPAR classification criteria and 40 healthy volunteers were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data 89 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress the differences were statistically significant only for the shear rates of 150 s-1and 300 s-1. The EI was found significantly decreased only at two among ten different shear stresses. EImax was significantly higher in the patients than the control and SS1/2 was significantly increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that uremic conditions, loss of plasma proteins and increment of oxidative risk, which are previously reported for the peritoneal dialysis patients in the literature, may raise erythrocyte rigidity. Deteriorated mechanical properties of erythrocytes with peritoneal dialysis may have crucial effects on impaired blood flow dynamics and cause inadequate microcirculatory perfusion. CONCLUSIONS: It has been found that there is a positive relationship, which is not effected by age, between factors effecting viscosity such as RBC, Hct, and SBP, DBP. PC171 Effect of Ventilation with Different Oxygen Concentrations on Erythrocyte Mechanical Properties and Plasma Viscosity 1 2 Pınar Ülker , Melike Cengiz 1 Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey 2 Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya, Turkey PC173 Effects of Exercise Training and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Markers in Heart Tissue of Aged Rats 1 1 2 3 Nilsel Okudan , Muaz Belviranlı , Ayşe Özdemir , Mehmet Öz 1 Division of Sports Physiology, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Necmettin Erbakan University Konya, Turkey 3 Mevlana University School of Health Services, Konya, Turkey AIM: It has been demonstrated experimentally that the differences in the blood oxygen levels causes hemorheologic alterations. However considering ethic carethe studies investigating this issue only performed in patients with pulmonary pathologies. The aim of this study is to eveluate hemorheologic alterations in response to ventilation with air that has different oxygen concentrations in patients with brain death without pulmonary injury. METHOD: Apne test was performed in order to diagnosis of brain death in 3 patients with serebral injury but without pulmonary injury, after establishment of brain and brainstem injury in neurologic consultation. Patients were ventilated with %40, %100 and %21 oxygen during 30 minutes, respectively. In these time scales arterial blood samples were obtained from patients and erythrocyte deformability, erythrocyte aggregation and plasma viscosity were eveluated. One way- ANOVA test was used for evaluation of results. P value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Erythrocyte deformability, erythrocyte aggregation and plasma viscosity did not significanly changed in blood samples obtained from patients ventilated with %100, %40 and %21 CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstated that ventilation with different oxygen levels in apne test did not cause any significant hemorhelogic alterations. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise training and/or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense changes in heart tissue of aged rats. METHODS: Twenty-seven young (3-months of age) and 27 aged (20-months of age) Wistar male rats were used in the study. Each group was further divided into four subgroups: Control, training, CoQ10 and CoQ10+training. The training program consisted of swimming exercise one hour per day, five days a week, for eight weeks. The CoQ10 were given at a daily dose of 300 mg.kg-1 of body weight five days/week via oral gavage. Heart tissues were taken under anesthesia then rats were sacrificed by servical dislocation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were analyzed in samples. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the main effects. If a main effect was noted, post hoc comparison was performed with Bonferroni correction. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant difference among the groups with respect to MDA, 8-OHdG and GSH levels. SOD and CAT activities were lower in the young CoQ10 and in the CoQ10 plus training groups than the young control, young training and all aged groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although aging, CoQ10 supplementation and exercise training have limited effect on lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels. PC172 Effects of Peritoneal Dialysis on Erythrocyte Deformability in Chronic Renal Failure 1 2 3 Nesrin Zeynep Ertan , Özlem Yalçın , Semra Bozfakıoğlu , 1 4 Mukaddes Sinan , Hülya Gül 1 Department of Physiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Nephrology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Department of Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: Previous studies on this subject showed different results contrarily. The aim of the study was to evaluate selected rheological parameters in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: Venous blood samples were obtained from 35 volunteers (20 patients/15 controls). Blood viscosity was measured at both native hematocrit (Hct) and corrected as 45% using a cone-plate viscometer. Deformability Indexes (Elongation index (EI), maximum elongation index (EImax) and Half-maximal shear stress (SS1/2)) were measured with an ektacytometer (LORRCA). T-test and Mann-Whitney U were used for statistics. RESULTS: Average Hct of the patients (33%±6) was significantly less than the control group (44%±3). While plasma viscosity in the patients was significantly increased, whole blood viscosity of native Hct was significantly decreased at all shear rates resulting from low Hct. Blood viscosity of corrected Hct was increased at each shear rate in the patients compared to the control, although PC174 Effects of Maternal and Post-Pubertal Endotoxin Exposure on Immune Stress and Gonadotropins in Female Rats Hilal Yildirim, Tuba Özgöçer, Sedat Yildiz Departmen of Physiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey AIM: It has been reported that endotoxins (or lipopolysaccharides, LPS) exposure incrases sytemic proinflamatory cytokines. Aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of maternal and post-pubertal endotoxin exposures on blood leukocyte formula, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, corticosterone and gonadotropin (LH ve FSH) concentrations in female rat pups. 90 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress CONCLUSION: Obstacles in economic and academic advancement were seen as the main problem of the participants. It is thought that physiology specialists appointed by Compulsory Health Service Obligation need improvements in terms of opportunities provided for their financial and academic processes. METHODS: Rats were injected sterile saline (n=5) or endotoxin (n=6) on days 17-18 of pregnancy. Following birth, female pups were subdivided into two groups and injected either strerile saline (SF, n=17) or endotoxin (LPS, n=17) on postnatal day 60 and four experimental groups were formed (SF+SF, SF+LPS, LPS+SF ve LPS+LPS). Escherichia coli endotoxin was injected intraperitoneally (50 μg/kg) and blood samples were taken under anaesthesia 4 hours postinjection. Leucocyte formula was made from and immunoassays for corticosterone, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, LH and FSH were carried out in the blood samples collected. Kruskal-Wallis and Conover test were used for comparing data between the groups RESULTS: Neutrophil % ratio of SF+SF group was higher than SF+LPS, LPS+SF and LPS+LPS groups (P=0.001) and TNF-alpha level of LPS+LPS groups was higher than SF+SF and LPS+SF groups (P=0.005). IL-1beta level of SF+LPS group was however different from the LPS+SF and LPS+LPS groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: A successful inflammation model has been established as % neutrophil ratio and TNF-alpha levels were increased. However, this inflammation model was not sufficiently effective at changing gondotrophin and corticosterone levels. On the other hand, higher than control levels of % neutrophil ratio in groups exposed to LPS maternally but given SF postnatally suggests an evidence for maternal programming. PC176 Estimated Dialysate Magnesium Clearance in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients 1 2 3 4 Süleyman Köz , İdris Şahin , Sema Tulay Köz , Zafer Terzi , Engin 2 2 Ataman , Hadi Akkuş 1 Malatya State Hospital, Nephrology Clinic, Malatya, Turkey 2 Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Malatya, Turkey 3 Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Sivas, Turkey 4 Adiyaman State Hospital, Internal Medicine Clinic, Adıyaman, Turkey AIM: It has been reported that hypomagnesemia is seen in a significant proportion of patients using peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution with low Mg concentration (6 mg / L). Our aim was to investigate the dialysate Mg clearance and plasma Mg levels of our own patients. METHODS: Plasma and peritoneal fluid Mg determination was done by ICP-OES. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of controls were ≥ 90 ml / min. Fresh PD solutions were containing 6 and 12 mg /L of Mg. Peritoneal fluid samples were obtained from the night exchanges. It was assumed that mean daily quantities of fresh dialysate (FD), ultrafiltration (UF) and total waste dialysate were 8, 2 and 10 L, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software; Mann Whitney U, Correlation analysis and Chi-Square tests were used where appropriate. RESULTS: The cohort (PD patients) consisted of 27 women (50.9%) and 26 men (49.1%) with a mean age of 44.9 ± 13.8. Control group consisted of 10 women and 19 men with a mean age of 46.9 ± 13.3. Mg levels are shown in Table 1. As a whole, Mg balance was negative. Average Mg loss (mg / day) was 0.32 ± 2.25 [median 0.42 (min -4.53, max +5.20)]. Majority of patients (66%) were in state of negative Mg balance. This ratio was 77% in those using solution with low dialysate Mg. The difference between plasma Mg levels of patients with positive and negative Mg balance was not significant (p = 0.229 MWU) CONCLUSION: The majority of patients have net loss of Mg through dialysate with the present PD solutions. The study was funded by the Department of Scientific Research Projects of Inonu University (INUBAP). Project No: 2012/98 PC175 The Impact of Compulsory Health Service Obligation on PsychoSocio-Economic Status of Physiology Specialists 1 2 Ayhan Tanyelı ̇ , Onur Elmas 1 Department of physiology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey 2 Department of physiology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey OBJECTIVE: In this study, it has been aimed to investigate the psycho-socio-economic status of physiology specialists appointed to various state institutions by “Compulsory Health Service Obligation” lottery conducted by the Ministry of Health after the Medical Specialist Training. METHODS: In the present study, names of the physiology specialists appointed to various state institutions by “compulsory health service obligation” lottery and list of these institutions were obtained from the internet address “www.saglik.gov.tr”. Physiology specialists have been contacted by telephone and email, and they were asked open-ended questions to reveal their professional, academic, psychological and financial situations. RESULTS: 44 physiology specialists were appointed by CompulsoryHealthServiceObligationLottery. We could contact only 29 of these specialist. 86%of the participants think that they work with low wages. 74%of the specialists stated that they could not find the opportunity to study academically. This rate is 92%for those working in the institutions affiliated to the Ministry of Health, whereas it is 54% for those working at the universities. 91%of the participants stated that compulsory health service obligation has negative impacts on their academic career. This rate is 98%for those working in the institutions affiliated to the Ministry of Health, whereas it is 67%for those working at the universities. The ratio of the participants indicating that they would choose the same field of expertise was found as 94%. It has been determined that although the participants working at the universities have the opportunity to involve in academic studies, the specialists working in the institutions affiliated to the Ministry of Health are employed in services such as HomeCareService, smoking cessation, obesityclinics, billing operations, dialysis, blood bank and apheresis. PC177 Investigation of the Urotensin-II Gene Thr21Met and Ser89Asn Polymorphisms in Migraine 1 1 2 Betül Ozan , Şeniz Demiryürek , Serdar Öztuzcu , Muhammad 2 3 1 Safdar , Remzi Yiğiter , Beyhan Cengiz , Abdullah Tuncay 4 Demiryürek 1 Department of Medical Physiology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 2 Department of Medical Biology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 3 Department of Neurology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 4 Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 91 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress adhesion was observed. While, there was no significant difference between viability rates of cells cultured with ITS and FBS, viability rates of the cultured cells with BSA was significantly lower than the cells cultured with ITS and FBS (p<0,05). Even though viability rates of the cultured cells with both ITS and FBS was in the reasonable level for transplantation, after the 48th hour the adherence was observed in the group with FBS but not observed in the group with ITS. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, ITS premix could be preferred to FBS and BSA in long term islet cultures and coculture studies. AIMS: Migraine is a primary episodic headache disorder.Exact pathogenesis of migraine has not been clarified yet.Urotensin II (U-II) is a vasoactive peptide.U-II could play an important role in migraine pathogenesis.We evaluated the possible role of the U-II gene polymorphisms (Thr21Met and Ser89Asn) in the migraine in a Turkish population. METHODS: Total number of 146 patients with migraine ( with aura 14 and without aura 132), 154 non- migraine healthy controls, were included to this study. We analyzed the genotype and allele frequencies of the U-II (UTS2) gene polymorphisms Thr21Met and Ser89Asn in patients with migraine and in controls.The detection of UTS2 gene polymorphisms was achieved with PCR-RFLP technique. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Instat (version 3.05, GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). RESULTS: The distribution of SS and SN genotypes of UTS2 gene Ser89Asn polymorphism was 90.4%, and 9.6% in migraine patients compared with 92.2%, and 7.8% in the controls.The distribution of MM,MT and TT genotypes of UTS2 gene Thr21Met polymorphism was %46.9, %45.5 ve %7.6 in migraine patients compared with %39.9, %53.1 ve %7.0 in the controls.. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in allele frequency and genotype distribution (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the relationship between UTS2 gene polymorphisms and migraine. No statistically significant associations between migraine and the studied Thr21Met and Ser89Asn polymorphisms were demonstrated. Our findings suggest that the UTS2 gene Thr21Met and Ser89Asn polymorphisms were not involved in the migraine pathogenesis in Turkish population.Further studies are required to verify these findings in larger populations, and different ethnic groups. PC179 Laboratory Findings in Poisoning with Atropa Belladonna: 174 Pediatric Cases 1 2 3 4 Yunus Yılmaz , Fatih Kara , Sergülen Aydın , Hatice Köse Özlece , 5 1 Serpil Can , Sefer Üstebay 1 Kafkas University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Kars, Turkey 2 Kafkas University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Kars, Turkey 3 Kafkas University, Medical Faculty, Department of Family Medicine, Kars, Turkey 4 Kafkas University, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Kars, Turkey 5 Kafkas University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kars, Turkey INTRODUCTION: Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) cause clinical picture of anticholinergic toxicity. Intoxication with this plant is endemic in Eastern Anatolia especially in springtime. This retrospective study examines laboratory and clinical findings of 174 pediatric Atropa belladona intoxication cases who consulted to one of the state hospitals in this region. METHODS: Hospital official database was searched for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of intoxication. The inclusion criteria were age under 18 and history of deadly nightshade ingestion. RESULTS: Agitation, mydriasis, flushing and nonsense speaking were common symptoms among the cases. There was significant rise in only AST levels out of liver function tests (AST, ALT, TBIL, DBIL). There was significant rise in CRP, WBC and PLT levels of 22, 60 and 14 cases respectively. Glucose and sodium values of 21 and seven cases, respectively were significantly decreased on the contrary of the calcium values of 19 cases. Urea, creatinine, potassium and chloride values were in normal ranges. CONCLUSION: There is no patognomonic laboratory finding for Atropa belladonna intoxication. History of ingesting a suspicious plant and clinical picture should be the clues for clinicians to recognize the situation. PC178 An Optimization of Long Term Culture of Rat Islet Cells 1 2 3,4 Ayşe Arzu Yiğit , Gülbahar Böyük , Tuncay Delibaşı 1 Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kirikkale, Turkey 2 Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, ADACELL Laboratory, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey 3 Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, ADACELL Laboratory, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey 4 Hacettepe University, Kastamonu Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kastamonu, Turkey AIM: It is known that isolating pancreatic islet cells are transplanted after 48-hour culture. In this study, it was aimed to provide an appropriate medium for islet cells by protecting their viability and culturing them longer than their standard culture time. METHODS: In this study, rat islet cells, which were isolated according to the standard protocol, were cultured with RPMI1640. In addition, 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) was added to the medium of the first group, 0.3 % BSA (bovine serum albumin) was added to the medium of the second group and 1% ITS (insulin transferin-selenium) Premix was added to the medium of the third group. Viability analysis were conducted on the islet cells that were picked in 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th hours by Propidium Iodide and Fluorescein Diacetate staining, and cells were examined on an inverted microscope in terms of adhering. Statistical evaluation of viability analysis was performed by Oneway ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. RESULTS: Viability of cells, that were cultured with BSA, significantly decreased after 48th hour (p <0.001) and cell PC180 Relation of Action Potential with Lateralizatoin in Chewing and Swallowing Muscle of Right and Left - Handed People 1 1 2 Yusuf Ziya Doğru , Serap Yıldırım , Volkan Gelen 1 Department of Physology Human, Atatürk University Erzurum, Turkey 2 Department of Physology Animal, Atatürk University Erzurum, Turkey BACKGROUND AND AIM: Right and left-handedness is a priority of preferred hand use in normal daily life. Peoples are approximately 70-90% right-handedness, 10% left-handedness and 30% bothhandedness. Right hand action potential is higher than left hand in 92 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC182 The Role of Pentraxin 3 in Idendification of Slow and Rapid Aortic Stenosis Progressions 1 2 3 Habibe Derya Özdemir , Nazan Dolu , Nihat Kalay , Metin 4 3 4 Aytekin , Ebru Altunel , Gamze Dursun 1 Amasya University, Sabuncuoğlu Serefeddin Vocational School of Health Care Services, Amasya, Turkey 2 Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey 3 Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey 4 Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kayseri, Turkey right-handed subjects and left hand action potential is higher than right hand in left-handed subjects. The present study aims to determine whether there is also the difference in action potential of chewing and swallowing muscle via electromyography (EMG) measurements. MATERIAL-METHOD: In our study, there were measured healthy 10 right and 10 left handed women aged ranges in 19-24 years old and 10 right-handed and 10 left handed men by EMG. Biyopac MP 100 EMG device and superficial electrode were used. Chewing muscle left and right masseter right and left temporal, helping swallowing right and left digastric muscles and finally right and left biceps muscles action potential were measured. Each chewing and swallowing muscle’s four depolarization and contraction actions and lifting action in biceps muscle were measured by EMG. RESULTS: There was significant relation between right and left chewing and swallowing muscles of right handed men and left handed men (p<0.01). It was significant relation between right and lefts chewing and swallowing muscles of right-handed subjects (p>0.33). Also, there was significant differences between right chewing and swallowing muscles of right handed women and left handed women (p<0.33). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, it was determined that right handed people had stronger right masseter, temporal, digastric chewing and swallowing muscles than left side. Right handed people have unconsciously started chewing with right side. These left muscles were stronger than right side muscles in left handed people. PURPOSE: Pentraxin 3 is secreted by damaged tissue and directly indicates inflammatory situation of vascular structure. This study aims to find whether PTX-3 is a distinguishing indicator for slow and rapid aortic stenosis progressions. METHOD: This study included 21 patients with rapid aortic stenosis (Group 1) and 23 patients with slow aortic stenosis (Group 2). For both aortic valve flow velocity and aortic valve pressure values, the patients showing higher increase than expected were included to the group with rapid prognosis while the patients showing lower increase than expected were included to the group with slow prognosis. Blood samples from the patients were maintained at -80°C in separate serums until the study day. PTX-3 calculation was realized with ELISA kit method. Statistical analyses were evaluated with 2 independent sample Student-t tests. RESULTS: While comparing PTX-3 values of the groups, PTX-3 value of rapid aortic stenosis was found significantly higher than that of slow aortic stenosis (t=3.93, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that PTX-3 can be used routinely for both slow and rapid aortic stenosis, however it may not be a sufficient indicator only itself and needs to be supported with other measurements. PC181 The Effets of Achillea Millefolium (Yarrow) Extract and Luteolin on the in Vitro Rat Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Contractions Emin Şengül, Fikret Çelebi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey AIM: Yarrow extract (CPE) has inhibited the induced contractions in ileum. Luteolin, one of the compounds in the structure of yarrow, is determined that the aorta and ileum smooth muscle contraction to be effective relaxing. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CPE and luteolin on urinary bladder smooth muscle contractions. METHODS: The doses final concentration of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2-mg/ml of CPE and the logarithmic doses final concentration (4x10-9-4x10-5M) of luteolin was prepared. The smooth muscle strips prepared from urinary bladders of rats which were placed in bath. The end of incubation period was applied to the bath doses determined of the CPE and luteolin. The end of 15-min exposure time, the dose response curves was obtained that cumulative doses of ACh (10-9-10-3M) or KCl (20-100 mM) by adding in the bath. The data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey test. RESULTS: It was determined that 0.125-mg/ml dose of CPE was not changed the ACh and KCl-induced contractions (P>0.05). The other doses of CPE were decreased as statistically significant the ACh and KCl-induced contractions (P<0.05). The doses of Luteolin 4x10-9 and 4x10-8M not affect the KCl-induced contractions (P>0.05), other doses were determined that ACh-induced contractions reduced significantly (P<0.05). 4x10-7 and 4x10-6M dose of luteolin were increased the contractions at 20, 80, 100mM and 100-mM KCl, respectively (P<0.05). However, 4x10-5M dose of luteolin was reduced responses at 100-mM KCl (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study, the low doses of CPE and luteolin had no effect on urinary bladder smooth muscle contractility and the highest doses were inhibited the phasic contractions. PC183 Behavioral Observation of Antidepressant Effect of the Duloxetine in the Mice Forced Swimming Test 1 2 1 1 C. Etkin Şafak , Hasan Çalışkan , Nesrin Sulu , Çiğdem Altınsaat 1 University of Ankara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 University of Ankara, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It is generally used for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain treatment. The aim of this study is to observe the effects of Duloxetine on depressive behaviour which is astimated by immobility time in forced swim test. METHODS: In our study, 10 -12 week years old, eighteen male Swiss albino mice weighting 25 - 35g were used. The mice were divided into 3 different groups by considering mean body weights. Saline, 5 mg / kg duloxetine and 30mg / kg duloxetine was injected intraperitoneally for 7 days. The body weights were recorded daily. At the 8’th day, the mice were subjected to forced swimming test at 26 ° C water for 6 minutes. The testing process is recorded with the camera, swimming and immobility time calculated by the two researcher and averaged. Statistically control of significancy of variability between the variable was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation between groups were analyzed by Pearson correlation 93 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC185 Effect of Resveratrol on Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rat Liver Tissue 1 2 1 1 Duygu Altın , Filiz Sezen Bircan , Atakan Besnek , Çiğdem Özer 1 Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey test. All statistical analyzes were examined with a minimum 5% margin of error. RESULTS: There are no statistically significant result at the immobility time of mice between groups. There are no statistically significant result was found between the body weights and immobility time (p>0,05, r= -0,092). CONCLUSIONS: Although the body weights of the mice were standardized at the beginning, by the effect of duloxetine on appetite and serotonin on intestinal motility during the experimental period; differences were occured in the body weight of mice on the experiment day. It can be suggested that no significant differences were observed between dose groups considering immobility time of the mice, due to intra-group differences in body weights. AIM: Resveratrol(RSV) is a polifenolic compound, commonly presents in red wine, peanut. It is stated that RSV is in anticancerogenic, anti-inflammory and cardioprotective characteristics. Streptozotisin (STZ) is a frequently used agent in generating experimental diabetes on destruction of pancreas β cells.In the study it is aimed to investigate the effects of RSV over oxidative stress in liver tissue in rats, which are being generated diabetes with the use of STZ. METHODS: 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1.Control Group 2.RSV, Group 3.Diabetes, Group 4.Diabetes + RSV. Intraperitoneal (i.p) single dose STZ 65mg/kg 0,1M (pH:4,5) were injected with dissolved in citrate buffer to diabetes groups. After 48 hours from the administration, fasting blood glucose levels 250 mg / dL were included in the diabetes group. I.p. single dose citrate buffer were injected to control groups. Application of RSV(10/mg/kg/day dose(dissolved in 0.1M ethanol) has been started 2 weeks after diabetes formation and continued through 8 weeks by using oral gavage. The control groups were performed 0.1 Methanol. Rats were sacrificed under intramuscular (IM) Rompun+ketamine (50+60-100mg/kg) anesthesia by taking blood from hearts. Liver tissue oxidant(Malondialdehit/MDA, and antioxidants (glutathione/GSH)) parameters were studied,total nitric oxide(NOx) levels were also determined.Results One Way ANOVA test were compared using,p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Liver MDA levels of diabetics rats are significantly increased against its control groups and application of RSV increased MDA levels were decreased. GSH levels are somewhat decreased,no significantly difference is determined between the groups with diabetes. There were no significant changes in levels of NOx. CONCLUSIONS: Literature shows that RSV has positive effects over oxidative stress on liver tissue of rats which are being generated diabetes with STZ. In our study, we can say that it reduces the increased MDA levels with diabetes have a positive effect on oxidative stress but significant effects aren’t seen on NOx and GSH levels. Investigation of oxidant and antioxidant levels in liver tissue, is thought to be helpful to clarify the subject. PC184 Therapeutic Effects of Thymoquinone and Peanut Oil in an Infected Diabetic Wound Model 1 2 3 1 Recep Dokuyucu , Metin Temel , Hasan Gökçe , Hatice Doğan , 1 4 1 1 Gökhan Ağtürk , Abdurrahman Akdağ , Okan Tutuk , Cemil Tümer 1 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Phyiology, Hatay, Turkey 2 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hatay, Turkey 3 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hatay, Turkey 4 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Hatay, Turkey AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the potency of thymoquinone with povidone iodine, as well as of pistachio oil with an ointment containing bacitracin and neomycin (Thiocilline®) in an infected diabetic wound model in rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg/kg streptozotocin to induce diabetes. After 72 hours, tail blood glucose concentrations were measured by using a glucometer and animals whose blood glucose exceeds 300 mg/kg were considered to be diabetic. Afterwards, 3 randomly assigned groups were defined as PT (povidone iodine and Thiocilline®; n=7), PP (povidone iodine and pistachio oil; n=7), and TT (thymoquinone and Thiocilline®; n=7). On each side of the dorsum of animals, 3 full-thickness skin defects were created paravertebrally (1.5 cm to the midline and 0.5 cm apart from one another). No treatment was applied for 3 days to let the wounds get infected. On the third day, smear samples were taken to confirm the wound infection. According to the belonging group, povidone iodine or thymoquinone was used as the disinfectant, and Thiocilline® or pistachio oil was used for the wound dressing. Following 20 days of wound care, skin defects were excised including the superficial fascia for the histopathological examination. RESULTS: The ulceration, necrosis, PNL, monocyte and fibroblast count, and neovascularization were reduced in TT compared to PT (p<0.05). In comparison to PT, the epithelization, fibroblast count, and neovascularization were increased in PP (p<0.05). The necrosis was higher in PT than PP and TT (p<0.5). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that pistachio oil improves the wound healing through supporting the epithelization, fibroblasts, and so that neovascularization in infected diabetic wounds, although it decreases PNL and monocyte counts. The administration of thymoquinone for disinfection alleviates the epithelization, fibroblast count and neovascularization, and hence, diminishes the wound healing. PC186 Evaluatıon of Olivocochlear Efferent Supression and Auditory Frequency Perception in Musicians 1 2 1 Erdogan Bulut , Gülnur Öztürk , Memduha Taş , Mehmet Turgay 3 4 5 Türkmen , Dilek Gülmez , Levent Öztürk 1 Trakya Universtiy Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Edirne, Turkey 2 Trakya Universtiy Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Edirne, Turkey 3 Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Edirne, Turkey 4 Istanbul Universtiy Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Istanbul, Turkey 5 Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Edirne, Turkey 94 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress modality, 160 stimuli (120 standard + 40 target) were applied, and P300 amplitude and latency were assessed. RESULTS: A+V (asynchronous) stimulus latencies on Fz (p<0.01) and Cz (p<0.01) regions were found significantly shorter than those in auditory (p<0.05) and visual (p<0.04) modalities. On Cz (p<0.006) and Fz (p<0.01) regions, amplitudesto target stimuli were higher for auditory than for visual stimuli. CONCLUSION: It has been shown that stimulus modalities affect the attention process. Faster detection of concurrent A+V stimuli, despite division of attention, suggests that different stimulus types lead to a faster focussing of attention, while larger P300 amplitudes to auditory stimuli over fronto-central region suggest that the phase difference of the processing of information from visual and audio modalities. This study was supported by TÜBİTAK for Scientific Research Grant 114E440. AIM: In musicians, especially in professional musicians, auditory perceptual processes including auditory skills, frequency discrimination, auditory memory and auditory attention show remarkable differences. The neural basis of higher auditory perceptual performance in musicians has not yet been fully explained. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the olivocochlear system on the auditory perception in the presence of contralateral acoustic stimuli. METHOD: After obtaining ethical approval and informed consents, 11 adult subjects (n=22 ear; Mean age ± SD: 34,3 ± 1,4) with normal otoscopic examination and professional music career of at least 5 years were included in the study. Tympanogram test (226 Hz) was performed in all cases via immitancemeter instrument, and acoustic reflexes were tested at 0.5 – 4.0 kHz frequency range in subjects without middle ear problems., Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) measurements were performed in ipsilateral ear of the subjects during the presence and absence of broadband noise sent to contralateral ear at 60 dB SPL in linear stimulus mode. After measuring both ears, TEOAE responses before and during the presence of contralateral broadband noise were compared. Signal to noise ratios obtained at 1000 Hz, 1414 Hz, 2000Hz, 2828 Hz, 4000Hz median frequencies were used as study parameters. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically after testing their fit to normal distribution. RESULTS: In our study, the hearing thresholds of all subjects were determined as 15 dB HL. TEOAE results obtained during absence and presence of broadband noise at the contrlateral ear showed statistically significant differences at 1000 Hz, 1414 Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz median frequencies (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Olivocochlear efferent system can be used as a tool for evaluating auditory perception in individuals dealing with music professionally and determining increased auditory perception capacity in non-professional musicians. PC188 Role of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor AM-251 in Proconvulsant Effect of Apelin Experimental Epileptiform Activity Generated with Penicillin Fatma Banu Şen, Durmuş Uçar, Mustafa Ayyıldız, Erdal Ağar Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey AIM: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds which have many functions in the central nervous system. We found that the neuropeptide apelin-13 showed a proconvulsant effect. The aims of this study was to evaulate interaction between cannabinoids and apelin-13 in experimental models of epilepsy. METHODS: 36 male albino Wistar rats (180-270 g.) were divided into 6 groups. Groups: 1- Control, 2-Apelin-13 (15 µg, i.c.v.) 3- AM251 (0.25 µg, i.c.v.) 4- Effective dose of apelin (15 µg, i.c.v.) + effective dose of AM-251 (0.25 µg, i.c.v.), 5- Effective dose of apelin (15 µg, i.c.v.) + ineffective dose of AM-251 (0.125 µg, i.c.v.) 6- Ineffective dose of apelin (5 µg, i.c.v.) + ineffective dose of AM251 (0,125 µg, i.c.v.). Rats were placed in the stereotaxic frame after anesthetized by 1.25 g/kg urethane (i.p.). Substances were applied 30 minutes after penicillin injection. Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS: The effective dose of apelin (15 µg) increased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity starting from 20 minutes after apelin injection. AM-251 caused proconvulsant activity starting from 30 minutes after AM-251 injection. Administration of apelin and AM-251 also increased the frequency of epileptiform activity starting from 30 minutes after injection. Administration of the effective dose of apelin and non- effective dose of AM-251 did not alter the epileptiform activity. The non-effective doses of apelin and AM-251 did not alter the frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rat. RESULTS: Since the co-administration of apelin and AM-251 did not cause an additional proconvulsant activity in this study, it might be assumed that they use separate pathways for their effects. PC187 Analysis of the Effect of Auditory and Visual Stimuli on Divided Attention via P300 Wave 1 2 1 3 Ayşegül Güven , Nazan Dolu , Turgay Batbat , Mahir Demir 1 Erciyes University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Erciyes University, Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Kayseri, Turkey 3 Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: Attention is the focussing of the brain resources on a mental activity; can be classified as selective, sustained and divided. Sustained attention is the ability to focus on arousal state and the maintenance of a certain task without a break, selective attention is directed to the attention of a certain stimulus whether neglect of other stimulants and divided attention is the situation to be dealt with simultaneously with two or more stimuli. Evoked Potentials (EPs), especially the positive wave around 300 ms (P300), is a frequently used recording method of cognitive functions such as attention. In this study, the reltionship of attention mechanisms and EP has been investigated using P300 values, and the effects of auditory, visual and audio-visual stimulus modalities on attention are investigated. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers in the range of 18-25 years participated in the study. EPs were recorded with MP150 System with four 100C EEG amplifiers. Signals were recorded from Frontal (Fz), Central (Cz), Parietal (Pz) and Occipital (Oz) regions. EPs were obtained by four different stimulation modalities as auditory (A), visual (V), A+V (concurrent) and A+V (asynchronous); for each PC189 Determination of Cognitive Function with Evoked Potentials in Individual Athletes 1 2 2 2 Nazan Dolu , Esin Erdoğan , Ferhat Pektaş , Osman Özocak , Sami 1 Aydoğan 1 Erciyes University, Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Kayseri, Turkey 95 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress 2 Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Physiology Department, Kayseri, Turkey This study is supported by project FBD 12-4080 by Erciyes University. AIM: It has been showed that sports have improved effect for cognitive function. However, there is no a study related to which branch of sports could be more effective. In this study, cognitive function of four different individual athletes and sedentary group were investigated by measuring the auditory evoked potentials METHODS: The study was carried out in four individual sports groups (18-25 years old), [Group 1 (n = 10, ski), Group 2 (n = 10, taekwondo, judo and karate athletes), Group 3 (n = 10, tennis), Group 4 (n = 10, swimming), Group 5 (n = 12, sedentary)]. Evoked potentials were recorded with MP150 system and EEG100C amplifiers at oddball auditory task. Ag / AgCl electrodes were placed parietal (P3, P4) and temporal (T3, T4) regions. P300 and N100 wave amplitude-latency were analyzed. RESULTS: When we compared the groups with ANOVA test according to brain region, there were no significant differences in P300 latency, N100 amplitude and latency among groups (p> 0.05). Post Hoc Scheffe test results showed that Group 2 had smaller P300 amplitude than other groups at P3 and P4 regions (P3, P4; Group1 (p<0,000), Group 3 (p<0.01), Group 4 (p<0,04), Group 5 (p<0,05), but larger amplitude at T4 region (Group1 (p<0,01), Group 3 (p<0.001), Group 4 (p<0,01), Group 5 (p<0,01). CONCLUSIONS: The sportsmen who engage with taekwondo, judo and karate athletes had smaller P300 amplitudes which marker of cognitive functions at P3 and P4 brain regions. We concluded that this decrease may result from blows to their heads. This work was supported by Erciyes University Research Fund (TSL2014-5494). PC191 The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Absence Epilepsy Model of Wag/Rij Rats 1 2 1 1 Elif Şen , Hatice Aygün , Mustafa Ayyıldız , Erdal Ağar 1 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Physiology Department, Samsun, Turkey 2 Gaziosmanpaşa University, Physiology Department, Tokat, Turkey AIM: Absence epilepsy is a non-convulsive type of epilepsy that is characterized with spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) on the electroencephalogram(EEG). There are several causes for epileptic activity, including the increase of reactive oxygen species in the brain. Ascorbic acid, is a strong antioxidant, provides neuroprotection in the brain. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on absence epilepsy in Wag/Rij rats, which is a genetically determined model for absence epilepsy. METHODS: Six adult male Wag/Rij rats were used. Tripolar electrodes were placed on the skull. Animals were allowed to recovery after electrode implantation for a week. After basal electrocorticogram (ECoG) activity was recorded was administered ascobic acid, at a dose of 100mg/kg/a day,( i.p.) for 4 weeks and at the end of every week ECoG activity was recorded. RESULTS: Ascorbic acid significantly increased the SWDs numbers, duration and spike numbers in each cluster(p<0.05). Spike numbers in the last ECoG recording was increased almost 3 fold compared to basal ECoG record(p<0.05) without changing amplitude of spikes in all animals(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although ascorbic acid has anticonvulsant role in various model of experimental epilepsy, increment of absence epileptic activity in Wag/Rij rats, suggests the proconvulsant role for the ascorbic acid in absence epilepsy. PC190 Effect of 5-HT2a Receptor Agonist DOI on Epileptiform Activity 1 1 2 Mehmet Taşkıran , Abdulkadir Taşdemir , Mustafa Ayyıldız , Erdal 2 1 Ağar , Nusret Ayyıldız 1 Erciyes University, Department of Biology, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Department of Physiology, Samsun, Turkey PC192 Effect of Selenium on the Learning/Memory Impairment Induced by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in Rats 1 2 3 3 Melek Batakcı ̇ , Soner Bitiktaş , Burak Tan , Marwa Yousef , 3 3 Nurcan Dursun , Cem Süer 1 Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Department of Vocational School of Healthy Services, Karaman, Turkey 2 Kafkas University, Department of Physiology, Kars, Turkey 3 Erciyes University, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey AIM:(±) -1-(2,5 - Dimethoxy – 4 - iodophenyl) – 2 - aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI) is one of the selective agonists of serotonin receptor, 5HT2A. Although relationship between serotonin and epilepsy has been shown by various previous studies, the present study is the first study that aims to reveal the role of 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI on penicillin induced epilepsy. METHODS: In this study, 36 wistar albino rats were allocated to six groups: control, penicillin and DOI (0,5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg). After animals were anesthetized, screw electrodes were placed into scalp. Epileptiform activity was initiated by injection of penicillin (500 IU, i.c). 30 minutes after injection, doses of DOI were applied intraperitoneally. EcoG was recorded for 180 minutes. RESULTS: Mean spike frequency in penicillin group was 29,32 spike/min. DOI decreased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity to 34.33±4.95, 37.17±4.60, 26.83±3.88 and 19.50±2.72 spike/min after 30, 60, 90 and 120 min, respectively. The most effective anticonvulsant activity dose between DOI groups was determined at 1 mg/kg dose. During 180 minutes recordings, difference of spike frequency between DOI 1 mg/kg and control group was statistically significant (p<0,05). DISCUSSION: With the present study, it was determined that the serotonin agonist DOI at 1 mg/kg dose suppressed the epileptiform activity by showing most effective agonist effect. This pathway is further to be explored by advanced molecular studies. AIM: In this study, effect of selenium on the learning /memory impairment induced by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil in rats was investigated. METHODS: Hypothyroidism was induced by PTU on Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into groups; control, hypothyroid, 5 ppm Se and 10 ppm Se supplemented hypothyroid ( n=16). The groups plasma levels were measured via ELİSA kit and the plasma and hypocompus. Se levels were measured via atomic absorpsiyon spektrometres. In Morris water maze test –the learning evaluation was made the. Long Term Potentiation which is the indication of synaptic plasticity was shown with the PS and EPSP amplitude evaluation. RESULTS: T3 and T4 levels of the hypothyroid groups were found lower than the control (p<0,001). The plasma and hypocampus Se levels of the Se supplemented groups increased than the control group (p<0,001). From the 1st day to 4th day of learning test, a decrease was observed (p<0,01). At the comparison between groups, swimming distance showed increase in the hypothyroid groups than the control group and decrease in the Se 96 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress supplemented hypothyroid groups (p<0,04). The duration of finding the platform or escape latency markedly showed increase on the three days than the control group. The swimming velocity of groups didn’t show a remarkale difference between among the groups. The ratio of being in the target quadrant showed decrease with hypothyroid and increase in 5 ppm Se supplemented group than not Se supplemented hypothyroid group (p<0,011). When created synaptic plasticity, it was observed that PS amplitude had remarkably decreased in hypothyroid group than control group, that decrease had remarkably increased again with Se supplementation and approximated to control levels (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: This thesis revealed that hypothyroid affected the hypocampus learning/memory function negatively and Se supplementation eliminated the hypothyroid’s negative effect. processes using with a visual go-nogo paradigm. METHODS: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded with 30 electrodes (10/20 system) using a visual go-nogo paradigm from sixteen healthy male volunteers (ages between 19 and 28 years). Go and nogo stimuli were pseudo-randomly presented with 1.5 s inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) and probabilities of 0.28, and 0.72 respectively. According to stimulus type (go or nogo with five different difficulty level) of preceding go stimuli, they were divided into six groups. Means of go-go intervals were equal for all go response groups (5.25 s). The amplitude and latency values of N2 and P3 potentials in the averaged responses to go stimuli were measured and analyzed by repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) for each go stimulus group. RESULTS: Reaction time was longer, amplitudes of P3 were lower and amplitudes of N2 were higher in the go responses preceded by go stimuli as compared to the five go response groups preceded by nogo stimuli (p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). However, amplitudes and latencies of N2, and P3 potentials were not significantly different among the five different go response groups preceded by nogo stimuli (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that changes of the difficulty level of nogo stimuli did not affect the N2 and P3 potentials occurring in the go responses thet were preceded by nogo stimuli in healthy adults. PC193 Evaluation of the Information in the Records of the Patients who received in VEP-ERG Laboratory of Department of Physiology of Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty in 2014 Hakkı Oktay Seymen, Cemile Özdemir Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to share information of our own physiology laboratory with the community. METHODS: Recordings of Visual evoked potential (VEP) and Electroretinogram (ERG) is based on methods developed by us with using EEG module of Biopac MP150. For the VEP of each patient, N2, P2 latency and potential values and p-p' amplitude values were calculated. Negative a, positive b, amplitude differences between a and b and b/a rates for ERG were determined. Comparisons were made according to standard ISCEV. RESULTS: From 2002 to today 11500 patients were admitted to the lab. In 2014, it has 605 patients. 605 patient demographic breakdowns from our laboratory in 2014 was made. Obtained and reported electrophysiological recordings were evaluated. 40% of patients were female. Incoming patients including 300 children, 305 were adults. 60% of patients has come from several clinics of Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. Eye clinic had sent the most patients (316). Children and neurology departments had sent 23 patients sooner. 32% of patients coming from outside Cerrahpaşa Beyoglu Eye Research and Training hospital. 4 patients came from Hacettepe Medical Faculty. If we look at the distribution of the disease; Epilepsy (46), hypertension (44), Retinitis Pigmentosa (42), diabetes mellitus (40), strabismus (39), nystagmus (36), cataract (30), ROP (28), glaucoma (17), hydrocephalus (16 ), brain tumor (12) Keratoplasty (12), Biotin deficiency (5), respectively. 475 patients had come from Istanbul. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In accordance with the findings of the disease pathology is determined according to the survey. PC195 The Investigation of Age-Related Changes in Cognitive Functions with Evoked Potentials during an Auditory Oddball Paradigm Task 1 2 1 1 Ferhat Pektaş , Nazan Dolu , Mahir Demir , Ali Yücel Kara , Hale 1 Acer 1 Erciyes University, Institute of Health Science, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Erciyes University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kayseri, Turkey AIM: Age-related decline in cognitive function does not apply to all areas of cognition. In this study, changes of cognitive functions with aging were investigated with evoked potentials using the auditory oddball task. Our study was conducted in young, middle and old aged which providing originality in auditory evoked potential studies. METHODS: This study was carried out on 10 child (7-12 yr), 10 young (22-25 yr), and 6 old adult (50-60 yr) men. Evoked potentials were recorded on central, parietal, temporal and occipital regions through Ag/AgCl electrode. P300 wave’s amplitude and latency were evaluated. RESULTS: P300 latency was found statistically different among the groups (p<0.05). Both young adults’ and children’s P300 latencies were significantly shorter than those of old adults. P300 amplitudes of old adults were significantly larger than those of children and young adults at frontal site (p<0.02). There were no significant differences of P300 amplitudes and latencies between children and young adults (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the time to pay attention was delayed but attention response was increased at frontal region in the old adults. Frontal cognitive compensation in older adults are consistent with Wong et al. study (2010) which using fMRI to evaluate cortical processing. The declines in sensory processing in older adults are compensate by recruitment of other cognitive areas especially frontal area. PC194 The Effects of Preceding Context on Response Activation Processes: An Event-Related Potential Study Berrin Maraşlıgil, Tolgay Ergenoğlu, Leyla Şahin, Dilan Deniz Koyuncu Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey AIM: Go-nogo paradigm is a neuropsychological test that is designed to measure response inhibition (Nogo condition) as well as response activation (Go condition). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of preceding context on response activation 97 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC196 Evaluation of Bilateral and Unilateral Visual Stimulation Response Using Evoked Potentials 1 2 Neslihan Engür Aksoy , Gökçer Eskikurt , Mehmet Numan 3 1 Ermutlu , Ümmühan İşoğlu Alkaç 1 Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey papaverine on the epileptiform activity induced by penicillin. METHODS: In this study adult female Wistar rats weighing 220±30 g were used (n=30). The left cerebral cortex was exposed by craniotomy under urethane anesthesia (1.25 g/kg). The epileptiform activity was induced by microinjection of 500 IU penicillin G sodium salt (200 IU/1 μl) into the left lateral ventricle. Papaverine was given at doses of 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes before penicillin G sodium salt injection. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between papaverine (5 mg/kg), papaverine (10 mg/kg) and the control group. Papaverine (20 mg/kg), papaverine (40 mg/kg) significantly increased the spike frequency (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that papaverine enhanced the epileptiform activity induced by penicillin. It should be noted that papaverine may start seizures at least in patients with a history of epilepsy. Further studies are needed to explain the proconvulsant effect of papaverine on epilepsy. OBJECTIVE: Recording of pattern visual evoked potentials (pVEP) is a method that allows assessment of visual pathways as a whole. In our study, we aimed to assess pVEP latency and amplitude to checkerboard pattern stimuli presented bilaterally and unilaterally (left and right). METHODS: 12 (6 female) volunteers participated in our study. The brain electrical activity was recorded from 19 channels while volunteers were looking at the fixation point in the center of the screen during the reversals of black and white squares on checkerboard pattern. Amplitude and latency values of N70, P100, N140 waves were measured in the occipito-parietal region. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS 20 with repeated measures ANOVA (I.U. Ethics Commission File No: 2009/2648-43). RESULTS: P100 wave amplitude was significantly higher during bilateral stimulation condition than the P100 amplitude during unilateral stimulation (F(2,22)=13,230,p=0.0001). P100 amplitude was higher in occipital than parietal area (F(1,11)=133,431,p=0.0001). Negative waves’ (N70, N140) amplitudes in parietal region were higher than at occipital region (N70:F(1,11)=7,386,p=0.02; N140:F(1,11)=47,555,p=0.0001). In parietal area, N140 latency was significantly earlier than at occipital area (F(1,11)=5,259,p=0.043). In unilateral stimulation, P100 wave amplitude was significantly higher ipsilaterally (Left:F(1,11)=17.170,p=0.002;Right:F(1,11)=18.107,p=0.001). P100 wave amplitude in occipital area was higher than at the parietal area (Left: F(1,11)=13.701,p=0.003; Right: F(1,11) =50.910,p=0.0001), while parietal N140 wave amplitude was significantly higher than occipital one (Left:F(1,11)=15.037,p=0.003;Right:F(1,11)=13.824,p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Higher amplitude responses to bilateral than unilateral stimuli suggest that bilateral stimulation provides more efficient synchronization. The higher amplitudes of P100 wave in occipital region suggest the generation of this wave in the primary visual cortex. In view of spatial properties of the stimuli, higher amplitudes and earlier latencies of N140 wave in parietal channels might reflect the processing in dorsal visual pathways. PC198 The Assessment of Physiology Education by Student Feedback 1 1 2 Hasan Erdoğan , Ümit Şener , Serdar Resul Balkaş , Zekeriya 1 3 Soydan , Miray Sağbaş 1 Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey 2 Abant Izzet Baysal University, Institute of Education Sciences, Educational Sciences, Bolu, Turkey 3 Namik Kemal University, Institute of Health Sciences, Cardiovascular Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey AIM: It was aimed to evaluate the observation of second year of medical school students on physiology education in Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine by means of a feedback survey. METHODS: For our study, "The Evaluation of Students' Views about Physiology Education" survey has been applied to 94 person at our sophomore in 2014-2015 academic year our faculty. In the survey, 51 questions were asked and answered a score of one to five themes. Thus the observations of students about physiology education were received and evaluated via a feedback survey. Descriptive statically research method was employed. RESULTS: Our study has shown that students preferred medical education as their own choice (n=62, %65.96), they are interested in the physiology education (n=64, %68.09) and physiology training they received is in accordance with their expectations (n=51, %54.26). They suggest an increase in the hours for practical education (n=61, %64.89), while reducing the number of students in the practical groups (n=70, %74.47). However, they do not tend to choose the physiology specialty for their training (n=59, %62.77). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the student feedback surveys reflecting the students' views may be one of guide in an effort to display for the development of physiology education in medical school. Use of standardized survey could be encouraged for their implementation in every physiology department. PC197 Papaverine Increases Penicillin Induced Epileptiform Activity 1 2 Abdullah Hilmi Marangoz , Süleyman Emre Kocacan , Enis 1 2 Kuruoğlu , Cafer Marangoz 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey PC199 Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Organic Phosphorus Pesticide Poisoning 1 2 3 Bahattin Avcı , Süleyman Sırrı Bilge , Gökhan Arslan , Turkhan 1 4 5 6 Baratzada , Özge Darakcı , Engin Çiftçioğlu , Türker Yardan , Ayhan 4 Bozkurt 1 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Samsun, Turkey 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical Faculty, Department of OBJECTIVES: Papaverine is an opium alkaloid and a vasodilator. It shows pharmacological effects by inhibiting phosphodiesterase. Papaverine infusion is a commonly used treatment for patients in conjunction with symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of 98 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress Pharmacology, Samsun, Turkey 3 Cumhuriyet University, Medical Faculty, Physiology, Sivas, Turkey 4 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical Faculty, Physiology, Samsun, Turkey 5 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical Faculty, Anatomy, Samsun, Turkey 6 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Medical Faculty, Emergency Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Department 800 EU/mg protein and 43.75% yield. Sheep kidney CA II enzyme was purified 99.8 fold with 1283 EU/mg protein and 68.75% yield. ACHN CA II enzyme was purified 85.6 fold with 667.8 EU/mg protein and 36.3% yield. Anions were observed to inhibit these enzymes at low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition effects of some anions on CA II enzymes from different mammal tissues was investigated. It was observed that bovine and sheep enzymes had similar succeptibility to the anions. However, AHCN CA II enzyme was ihibited at lower concentrations. This study was financed by Turkish Research Council-TÜBİTAK (KBAG 114Z731). We are thankfull to TÜBİTAK for supporting. of Department of Department of Department of AIM: Organic phosphorus pesticides (OPP) are widely used in agriculture or as insecticides in home and workplace. Chlorpyrifos is one of the most commonly used OPP. We aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of docosahexaenoik acid (DHA) supplementation, an omega-3 fatty acid, on poisoning symptoms and oxidant/antioxidant system changes caused by chlorpyrifos. METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. DHA (50, 100 and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally for 5 days. On the sixth day, chlorpyrifos (279 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered. Twenty four hours after chlorpyrifos administration, body weights, locomotor activities and body temperatures of rats were measured. Following the measurements, rats were decapitated and the blood, brain and liver tissue samples were taken and prepared for the biochemical and histopathological measurements. RESULTS: Chlorpyrifos administration increased the MDA levels but decreased CAT, SOD and GPX concentrations in the blood samples, brain and liver tissues compared with the control group (p<0.05-0.001). The concentration of AOPP were increased only in the brain tissue after chlorpyrifos administration (p<0.001). DHA administration reduced all of these changes (p<0.05-0.001). Similarly, DHA at the doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg reduced (p<0.05-0.01) the decreases in body weight, body temperature and locomotor activity with chlorpyrifos (p<0.001). Additionally, the histopathological damage scores induced by chlorpyrifos (p<0.05-0.01) were decreased by the administration of DHA (p<0.05-0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that DHA supplementation can ameliorate the poisining effects of chlorpyrifos via supporting the antioxidant mechanisms. This study was supported by the Ondokuz Mayıs University Research Fund PC201 Purification and Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme from Bovine Heart Tissue and Investigation of Inhibition Effects of Some Sulphonamide Derivative Drugs 1 2 3 Deniz Ekinci , Murat Şentürk , Esra Şentürk 1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey 2 Department of Chemsitry, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 3 Department of Nursing, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey AIM: It was aimed in this study to purify and characterize carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme from healthy bovine heart tissue by means of newly synthesized affinity gel and to investigate inhibitory effects of sulphapyridine, sulphadiazine, sulphanilamide, mafenide and acetazolamide. METHODS: Bovine hearth enzyme was isolated by means of cellulose-phenyl-sulphonamide affinity column. Molecular weight and purity of the enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE. CA activity was determined by the esterase method which follows the formation of 4-nitrophenylacetate to 4-nitrophenol at 348 nm. Activit%--[Inhibitor] and Lineweaver-Burk graphs were drawn and I50 and Ki values were calculated. RESULTS: Bovine hearth CA II enzyme was purified 47.87 fold with 617.5 EU/mg protein and 44.4% yield..Optimum pH was determined as 8.0 (Tris-sulphate), optimum ionic strenght as 50 mM and molecular weight as 32 kDa. Most of the drugs were observed to inhibit these enzymes at low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine CA II enzyme was purified and characterized and inhibition effects of some drugs on the enzyme was investigated. Sulphapyridine and sulphadiazine ahd no inhibition effects on the enzyme wheras sulphanilamide, mafenide and acetazolamide had strong inhibitory actions. This study was financed by Turkish Research Council-TÜBİTAK (KBAG 114Z731). We are thankfull to TÜBİTAK for supporting. PC200 Comparison of Inhibition Effects of Some Anions on Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes from Mammalian Kidney Tissues 1 2 3 Esra Şentürk , Murat Şentürk , Deniz Ekinci 1 Department of Nursing, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 2 Department of Chemistry, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey 3 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey PC203 Effect of Acute Hypoxia to the Homeostasis of Underage Organizm Elnare Mehbaliyeva Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan AIM: It was aimed in this study to purify carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes from healthy bovine and sheep kidney and human kidney cancer cell lines (ACHN), and to investigate inhibitory effects of the anions Cl-, F-, Br-, I- on pure enzymes. METHODS: Bovine, sheep and human enzymes was isolated by means of cellulose-phenyl-sulphonamide affinity column. CA activity was determined by the esterase method which follows the formation of 4-nitrophenylacetate to 4-nitrophenol at 348 nm. Activit%--[Inhibitor] and Lineweaver-Burk graphs were drawn and I50 and Ki values were calculated. RESULTS: Bovine kidney CA II enzyme was purified 44 fold with INTRODUCTION: Main haemostatic index, preventing blood loss of organism is the coagulation of blood. It is very important defense reaction of the body. Final stage of coagulation is very important. In this stage, plasma is in relation with factors like thrombin ferment, changing it in to fibrin and solved protein-fibrinogen in plasma and depends on them strongly. Fibrinisation process may strengthen or weaken while under some external effects. Effect of 99 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress I/R+MEL group. CONCLUSIONS: Combinatorial use of Melatonin and Vitamin C has a higher protective effect against renal I/R injury in rats compared to their individual protection. This protection possibly could be due to the synergy between anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the both molecules. several hypoxia regimes to this process is researched less and presently, attention to this process enhances. Especially, there is no complete idea on effect of severe hypoxic influence to coagulation ability peculiar to the blood of organism which is at early postnatal growth. We try to enlighten this issue. METHOD: Trial is carried on the rabbits of a month age. Volume of fibrinogen and thrombin time in the blood of baby rabbits under trial and in normal (control) condition is studied. Animals, under trial, breathe in the chamber with mixture of nitrogen 95% (N2) and Oxygen 5% (O2) for 20 minutes. Then blood samples are taken from their eyes, MARTY TOKRA test is used for the determination of hemostat fibrinogen in plasma and thrombin time. CONCLUSION: volume of fibrinogen in the blood of baby rabbits is 218±11.4 mg/dl, thrombin time is 10.8±1.3 sec. in normal condition. Fibrinogen declines after hypoxia (182±6.2 mg/dl, p<0,05), thrombin time prolongs (15.2±1.7 sec., p<0,05). At the result of this trial, it is obvious that acute hypoxia effects to the coagulation indices. Presumably that the reason of it is dysfunction of synthesis of coagulate proteins at the result of severe hypoxia. Frequently, this process may happen in liver. There is information that other factors, especially β- globulins, participating at coagulation process while hypoxia, produce less. Therefore, start and end of coagulation, in other words, period of coagulation extends significantly. In general, negative effect of hypoxia to homeostasis, relation with post hypoxic negative effects in neural system, immune system, endocrine system, as well as in metabolism, doesn’t make any suspicion. PC205 The CYBA A649G Polymorphism Frequency in Coronary Heart Disease Patients 1 1 Güldal İnal Gültekin , Özlem Timirci Kahraman , Bahar Toptaş 1 1 1 Hekimoğlu , Özlem Küçükhüseyin , A.begüm Ceviz , A.burak 2 3 2 Dalan , Selim İsbir , Turgay İsbir 1 Istanbul University, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Yeditepe University, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Marmara University School of Medicine, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey INTRODUCTION: The development of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading mortality cause worldwide, specifically in the western populations. The CAD pathophysiology is a complex mechanism, involving genetic and environmental factors. There is an increasing number of researches conducted for the discovery of new parameters for the early detection and prevention of CAD. Some researches are focused on the lower unit of NADPH oxidase system, coded by the CYBA (or p22phox), and its polymorphism A640G located in the 5’ region of the gene. It has been suggested that this polymorphism might have either a protective or a detrimental effect on the formation of CAD. Furthermore, the CBYA variant is postulated to be a possible early detection parameter for CAD patients. AIM: The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate the A640G polymorphism with Turkish CAD patients. METHODS: 10 ml EDTA peripheral blood samples were collected from volunteer CAD patients (n=51) and controls (n=27) at the Marmara University Department of Cardiovascular Surgery. Samples of patients were diligently collected from patients who do not show clinical evidence of type 2 diabetes. Genomic DNA was isolated with the salt precipitation method, then polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were utilised to identify the genotypes. RESULTS: The preliminary results obtained in this study indicate that the A640G mutation did not have an effect on CAD patients (p=0.2). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results failed to indicate a relation between the A640G polymorphism and CAD in Turkish patients. However, these results will need to be further evaluated with the frequently observed additional polymorphisms on the CYBA gene. Last but not least, it is important to note, that recently developed ‘patient specific treatment’ strategies put emphasis on patient specific polymorphisms. PC204 The Protective Effects of Melatonin and Vitamin C Agains Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats 1 2 1 Yüksel Yıldız , Akın Soner Amasyalı , Ferhat Şirinyıldız , Gül Taşlı 1 1 3 4 Yeşilçayır , Cenk Orak , Kemal Ergin , Mustafa Yılmaz , Rauf Onur 1 1 Ek , Gökhan Cesur 1 Adnan Menderes University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Aydın, Turkey 2 Adnan Menderes University, Medical School, Department of Urology, Aydın, Turkey 3 Adnan Menderes University, Medical School, Department of Histology & Embryology, Aydın, Turkey 4 Adnan Menderes University, Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Aydın, Turkey AIM: Renal I/R injury may cause the renal failure, tubular necrosis, the lower glomerular filtration and the increased renal vascular resistance. This study was designed to determine the protective effects of Melatonin and Vitamin C against renal I/R injury in rats METHODS: 40 wistar albino female rats were divided into five groups: Sham, I/R, I/R+MEL, I/R+VitC and I/R+MEL+VitC. While nothing was done in left kidney in Sham group, all I/R groups were subjected to I/R Procedure (45 min occlusion and 60 min reperfusion). In I/R+MEL group, all rats were injected by Melatonin 50 mg/kg i.p. for 3 days plus the morning of operation day. In I/R+VitC group, all rats were injected by Vitamin C 500 mg/kg/day i.p. 24 hours before I/R Procedure. In I/R+MEL+VitC group, all rats were injected by Melatonin and VitC by the same dose and intervals as in I/R+MEL and I/R+VitC groups. After 3 days, rats were exposed to renal I/R following right nephrectomy. After sacrification, blood and left kidney parts were subjected to biochemical and histopathological examinations. RESULTS: In histology, the highest injury was in I/R group, whereas the lowest injury was in I/R+MEL+VitC group (p<0.05). In MPO, MDA, SOD, CAT and IMA analyses, the marked results were in I/R+MEL+VitC group. Second best results were observed in PC206 Role of LDH, AH, MDH and SDH in the Development of Compensatory- Adaptive Mechanisms in Brain under Hypoxia Afag M. Rashidova, Salim N. Baba Zadeh, Vefa V. Mamedkhanova, Elnaz Sh. Abiyeva Institute of Physiology n.a. A.I.Karayev, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan AIM: Developing brain is hypersensitive to hypoxia. There is very 100 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress at 180˚/sec angular velocity, 7.8±2,64 on left-hand; right-hand concentric extensor muscle strength peak value was 5.35±1.87, 5.4±1.35 on left in patient-group. According to measuring, peak value of right-hand extensor muscle strength in patient-group was significantly different than control-group at 120-180 range/sec(p<0.05). According to measuring of right flexor range value in patient-group was significantly higher than control-group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in gender, age and BMI between two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It shows that hands muscle strength was affected in patients of with CTS. high level of energy metabolism in brain body's activity must be directed to brain's requirements. The aim of our research is study the activity of the enzymes involved in brain energy metabolism: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aconitase (AH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in brain structures of rats exposed to hypoxia prenatally. METHODS: The 20 female rats were exposed to hypoxia with 5% O2+ 95% N2 inorganogenesis stage during 3 days for 10 min. The progeny was divided into 3 groups and was bred until 17-,30-, 90days-old ages. Orbital, sensorimotor, limbic cortices, hypothalamus and cerebellum were separated for study of enzymes activity in tissue homogenates, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. RESULTS: It was revealed that increasing in LDH- and MDHactivities (<0.001; <0.01) in brain structures of rats prevented metabolic disturbances in the regulation mechanisms of biosynthetic and bioenergy processes in the brain. AH-activity increased which is reversible (<0.01). The highest indices of SDHactivity showed hypothalamus and cerebellum of 30-day old rats as compared to other structures (<0.001). This can be explained by the activation ofbiosynthetic reactions in these brain structures. At the same time, different purposefulness in the changes of these enzymes can be related with structural organization on organogenesis stage. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the changes in the enzyme system during ontogenesis allows adaptive mechanisms being formed in this period to be revealed and study the dynamics of changes in their activity under changed functional state after hypoxia which will give an opportunity to reveal adaptive reserves of the enzymes in the organism. PC208 Cerebral Artery Remodeling Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rodent Models 1 2 2 Bilge Güvenç Tuna , Nadia Lachkar , Judith De Vos , Erik Ntp 2 2 Bakker , Ed Van Bavel 1 Department of Biophysics, Yeditepe University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands AIM: Vasospasm is known to contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We hypothesized that vasospasm initiates structural changes within the vessel wall, possibly aggravating ischemia and leading to resistance to vasodilator treatment. Structural changes within the arterial wall known as vascular remodeling. We investigated the effect of blood on cerebral arteries with respect to contractile activation and vascular remodeling. METHODS: Middle cerebral and basilar arteries isolated from rats were incubated with culture medium (control), hemolyzed blood or hemolyzed blood with transglutaminase inhibitor (TG2i, 10-5 M) for 16 hours. The mechanical properties of the arteries were measured by the wire myograph before and after incubation. The in vivo effect of SAH and TG2i administration on the biomechanics of the middle cerebral arteries and basilar artery were investigated, in rats; using both a single prechiasmatic blood injection model and a double cisterna magna injection model, and in mice; using a single prechiasmatic blood injection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments on rodent basilar and middle cerebral arteries showed a gradual contraction in response to overnight exposure to blood. After incubation with blood, a clear inward remodeling was found, reducing the caliber of the passive vessel (p<0.05). TG2i fully prevented this remodeling (p<0.05). However, we found no substantial changes in active or passive biomechanical properties in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that extravascular blood can induce matrix remodeling in cerebral arteries, which reduces vascular caliber. This remodeling depends on transglutaminase activity. However, the current rodent SAH models do not permit in vivo confirmation of this mechanism. PC207 Evaluation of Wrist Flexor - Extensor Muscle Strength in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1 2 1 1 Hamit Yılmaz , İsmail Boyraz , Bedri Selim Benek , Hakan Şakar , 1 1 Şaban Bayram , Kenan Gümüştekin 1 Department of Physiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey AIM: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome(CTS) occurs as a result of compression of the median nerve passes through carpal tunnel. Frequencies of the CTS in studies were reported to be 0.1-0.5% in the general population. Aim of our study was to evaluate the wrist muscle strength that was affected by CTS. METHODS: 20 healthy people and 20 patients with CTS identified by EMG were recruited. Cases wrist muscle strength measurements were made using isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: There were bilateral CTS in 15 patients, mild CTS in 12 patients and mild-to-moderate in 5 patients, moderate in 2 patients on right side and light in 12 patients, 5 patients with mildto-moderate, moderate in 1patient, severe in 1 patient on left side. Body mass index(BMI) was calculated 28.7 in patients and 29.8 in control-group. 32˚ on right-hand, 32.85˚ in left-hand was found average extensor range in patient-group, and 31.65 on right, 33.8 on left was found in control-group. 63,3˚ on right-hand, 59,65˚ in left-hand was found average flexor range in patientgroup, and 56,8˚ on right, 57,95˚ on left was found in controlgroup. Right-hand concentric flexor muscle strength peak value was found to be 7.95±3.83 at 120˚/sec angular velocity, 7.7±3.37 on left-hand; right-hand concentric extensor muscle strength peak value was 5.1±1.5, 5.3±1.41 on left in patient-group. Right-hand concentric flexor muscle strength peak value was found 7,7±3.93 PC209 Methotrexate Effect on Lung Tissue; the Role of Gallic Acid 1 2 3 4 Mustafa Saygın , Halil Aşçı , Önder Öztürk , Ilter Ilhan 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 3 Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 4 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 101 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the lung tissue and the role of gallic acid (GA). METHODS: Our study were designed 24 Wistar-Albino male rats for 3 groups. Group I: Control group (0.1 ml / oral saline, 7 days+2th day i.p.). Group II; MTX group (20 mg / kg, i.p., single dose, 2th day). Group III; MTX+GA group (15 mg / kg, oral, for 7 days). Blood and lung tissue; comet analysis, total oxidant system (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) were evaluated. RESULTS: Oxidative stress and comet analysis evaluated in the blood tissue; DNA damage, TOS and OSI values increased group II compared with group I (p <0.05). TOS and OSI values increased in group II compared with group I in the lung tissue (p <0.05). GA were significantly reduced comet score, TOS and OSI values in the blood and lung tissue in group III compared with group II (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MTX caused oxidative stress in the blood and the lung tissue. GA plays a protective effects against to oxidative stress. of Physiology, Aksaray, Turkey 2 Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kırıkkale, Turkey INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Under in vitro conditions, the maturation of bovine oocytes occur at very low levels due to the incubation media used for these purposes not corresponding to in vivo conditions. Several factors are influential on in vitro embryo production. One of these factors is the season in which the oocytes are collected. This study was aimed at the investigation of the effects of different doses of FSH on the in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes during different seasons. METHODS: The follicles on the ovarian surface, ranging 2-8 mm in diameter, were aspirated. Oocytes were incubated for 22 h in TCM199 supplemented with 0.2 or 0.8 µg/ml. FSH. Incubation took place in an incubator, 5% CO2, at a humidity level of 95% and, 38.5 °C. Maturation of the oocytes was assessed on the basis of the expansion of the cumulus cells. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the spring oocytes administered with FSH doses of 0.2 and 0.8 µg/ml for maturation. On the contrary, in the oocytes collected in autumn, it was observed that the administration of FSH dose 0.2 µg/ml resulted in a maturation rate significantly lower than that achieved with the administration of FSH dose of 0.8 µg/ml (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adding even a low dose of FSH, in vitro maturation medium of bovine oocytes proved to be sufficient for obtaining an optimal maturation level in the spring season, during which animals are well fed. On the other hand, it was determined that, optimal oocyte maturation levels could not be achieved with low FSH doses in the autumn season, during which animals are poorly fed. This study was financed by TAGEM. PC210 Vitrification of Bovine Embryos Developed in Vitro in Culture Medium Containing Oleic and Linoleic Acids 1 2 Tahı ̇r Karaşahin , Şevket Arıkan 1 Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. Aksaray, Turkey 2 Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. Kırıkkale, Turkey AIM: One of the major reasons for relative inadequacy of in vitro embryonic development is generation of free oxygen radicals (ROS). Under in vitro condition, there is no antioxidant system apart from embryos own system for protecting embryo from oxidative stress. Thus, antioxidant addition is necessary to in vitro cultures. Aim of present study was to investigate effect of oleic and linoleic acids, added to culture media, on survival rate of embryos produced after vitrification. METHODS: Fertilization and embryo culture were performed in incubator (5% CO2, 95% air and 38.5 °C). Oocytes and spermatozoa were incubated for 6 hours for fertilization. Thereafter, fertilized oocytes were incubated in CR1aa medium containing oleic and linoleic acids (0, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µM) for 7 days. Attained embryos were frozen with vitrification methods. Finally, after thawing and devitrification, survival and hatching rates of embryos were calculated. Khi-Square test was used in analyzing data. RESULTS: Embryo survival rate after thawing was 73.07%, 64.29%, 71.43% and 75.00% for linoleic acid, and 77.42%, 83.78%, 84.62% and 86.05% for oleic acid groups at the doses of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µM, respectively. This ratio was 70.59% in control group. Hatching rate after thawing was 23.08%, 14.29%, 19.08% and 21.43% for linoleic acid, and 26.67% 29.73%, 33.33% and 37.21% for oleic acid groups at the doses of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µM, respectively. Hatching rate was 17.65% in control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although both linoleic and oleic acids have positive effects on survival and hatching rates of embryos after thawing, oleic acid is more effective than linoleic acid. This study was financed by TAGEM PC212 Effects of Paroxetine, Bupropion and Agomelatine on Reproduction Hormones and Sperm Parameters in Male Rats 1 1 1 1 Özgür Bulmuş , Ahmet Yardımcı , Nazife Ülker , Gökçen Özdemir , 2 1 1 Mete Özcan , Sinan Canpolat , Haluk Keleştimur 1 Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey 2 Department of Biohysics Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey AIM: Antidepressants are drugs commonly used in the treatment of many psychiatric disorders. There is limited edition study about effects of paroxetine, bupropion and agomelatine on male rats reproductive system. In studies, it has been shown that sexual dysfunction was caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and it can be treat by bupropion. Also it is known that agomelatine doesn’t lead to sexual disorders. The aim of study was to investigate possible effects of these antidepressants on serum gonadotropins and testosterone levels, male reproductive organs and sperm parameters. METHODS: For the experimental studies, totally 32 male rats were used (n=8 each groups). Daily orally paroxetine (0.36 mg/100g), bupropion (17 mg/100g) and agomelatine (1 mg/100g) were received from post-natal day 21 to 90. The control group received only saline. At the end of study the rats were killed by decapitation, then blood samples and reproductive organs were collected, sperm parameters assessed. RESULTS: Serum LH level was significantly higher in bupropion group (3.66±0.1 ng/ml) compared with control rats (2.73±0.1 ng/mL, p<0.01). No significant differences were found in FSH levels PC211 The Effects of Low Doses of FSH and Season on the in Vitro Maturation of Bovine Oocytes 1 2 Tahı ̇r Karaşahin , Şevket Arıkan 1 Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department 102 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress in all group. Serum testosterone levels were found significantly higher in bupropion (47.74±2.33 ng/mL) and agomelatine (48.82±2 ng/mL) groups compared with control rats (39.69±2.27 ng/mL, p<0.05). It has also been found a significant reduction on epididymal sperm count in all treatment groups compared with the control group (107.25±7.09 x106/mL, p<0.001). Sperm motility was significantly lower in the bupropion-treated animals (64.28±4.80 %) compared with control rats (80±1.88 %, p<0.05). Testicle weight was found significantly lower in bupropion group (860.4±51.96 mg/100 gr BW) compared with control rats (1037±62.31 mg/100 gr BW, p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: With used of paroxetine, bupropion and agomelatine, antidepressant treatment, which is commenced in early period and has longtime, can affect negatively gonadotropins and sperm parameters. system in a sexually dimorphic way and are associated with perturbed neuronal development. High energy diets increase body fatness and generally cause earlier puberty. Aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of neonatal bacterial challenge and high fat diet on vaginal opening and blood gonadotropin levels in male and female rats. METHODS: Female (n=32) and male (n=32) rat pups were injected intraperitoneally either 100 ug/kg Escherichia coli cell wall constituent (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or sterile saline solution on postnatal day 7. Following weaning, they were divided into two subgroups and were either offered standard chow or high fat diet until day 150. Timing of puberty was assessed by daily observation of vaginal opening. All animals were decapitated and blood samples were removed for gonadotropin analyses. Data were analyzed by General Linearized Models (GLM) and an alpha level of P<0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: Body weight was higher in males (P<0.001) and in rats offered high-fat diet (p<0.001) but no effect of bacterial challenge was observed (P>0.05). Puberty was earlier in males (P<0.05) and in rats given high-fat diet (P<0.001) but no effect of bacterial challenge was observed (P>0.05). FSH and LH levels were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Diet did not affect gonad weight (P>0.5) but LPS injection increased it (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, (1) high fat consumption increased body weight and resulted in earlier puberty, (2) a single bacterial challenge did not affect timing of puberty but it was associated with increased gonadal weight. Altogether, it appears that effects of neonatal bacterial challenge may not be visible in the beginning of reproductive life but may be more pronounced later in adulthood. This study was supported by TÜBİTAK-SBAG (Project # 111S440) PC213 Effects of Repeated Bacterial Challenges during Neonatal Period and Long-Term High Fat Diet on Timing of Puberty and Gonadotropin Secretion in Rats Tuba Özgöçer, Cihat Uçar, Sedat Yıldız University of Inonu, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Repeated bacterial infections early in life cause permanent reorganisation of body weight regulating system and of immune mechanisms. High energy diets might interact with immune challenges to affect timing of puberty. Aim of the current study was to investigate effects of repeated bacterial challenges during neonatal period on timing of puberty and gonadotropin secretion in rats fed with high-fat diet. METHODS: Female (n=32) and male (n=32) rat pups were injected intraperitoneally either 15 µg/kg Escherichia coli cell wall constituent (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or sterile saline solution on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19. Following weaning, they were divided into two subgroups and were either offered standard chow or high fat diet until day 150. Timing of puberty was assessed by daily observation of vaginal opening in female rats or preputial separation in male rats. All animals were decapitated and blood samples were removed for gonadotropin analyses. Data were analyzed by General Linearized Models (GLM) and an alpha level of p<0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: Body weight was higher in males (p<0.001) and in rats offered high-fat diet (p<0.001) but no effect of bacterial challenge was observed (p>0.05). Puberty was earlier in females (p<0.05) and in rats given high-fat diet (p<0.001) but no effect of bacterial challenge was observed (p>0.05). Bacterial challenge did not affect FSH and LH levels. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated low grade bacterial challenges did not appear to influence body weight regulating system and timing of puberty. This suggests that initial low levels of bacterial challenges were not sufficient to evoke a strong response but, instead, resulted in resistance against later challenges. This study was supported by TUBITAK-SBAG (proje # 111S440) PC215 Reaction to Escherichia Coli Endotoxin in Adult Rats Neonatally Exposed to Different Endotoxins: Timing of Puberty and Levels of Gonadotropins Cı ̇hat Uçar, Tuba Özgöçer, Sedat Yıldız Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Neonatal bacterial infections appear to program immune system in a sexually dimorphic way and are associated with perturbed neuronal development. Similarly, bacterial cell wall components or endotoxins mimic bacterial infection and are known to cause reduction in body weight and suppression in luteinizing hormone secretion. As different endotoxins have diverse effects in the body (i.e. cytokine secretion), we hypothesised that neonatal injection of endotoxins from different bacterial sources will have divergent effects on timing of puberty and on gonadotrophin secretion. METHODS: Female (n=28) and male (n=28) rat pups were injected intraperitoneally with sterile saline solution (n=7), 100 ug/kg Escherichia coli (O111:B4) endotoxin (n=7), Salmonella enterica typhimurium endotoxin (n=7) or Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin (n=7) on neonatal day 7. Timing of puberty was assessed daily by observing vaginal opening. All animals were injected intraperitoneally with a different E. coli serotype (O26:B6) at 100 ug/kg doses on postnatal day 80 and four hours post-injection, blood samples and gonads were collected. Blood was used for gonadotropin (LH and FSH) analyzes. Females and males were compared by Kruskall Wallis H test. Multiple comparisons were made by Mann Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. An alpha level of P<0.05 was accepted as significant. PC214 Effects of Neonatal Bacterial Challenge and High Fat Diet on Timing of Puberty and Plasma Gonadotropin Levels in Rats 1 1 2 1 Cı ̇hat Uçar , Tuba Özgöçer , Ergül Alçin , Sedat Yıldız 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Neonatal bacterial infections appear to program immune 103 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC217 Does Maternal Viral Infection At A Critical Window Of Fetal Hypthalamic Nuclei Development Program Puberty And Gonadal Development In Male Rat Offsprings? 1 1 1 2 Pınar Çakan , Sedat Yıldız , Tuba Özgöçer , Azibe Yıldız , Nigar 2 Vardı 1 İnönü University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey 2 İnönü University, Medical School, Department of HistologyEmbryology, Malatya, Turkey RESULTS: No effects of neonatal and adulthood endotoxin exposures were observed on body weight (p>0.05) No effects of neonatal endotoxin exposures were observed on timing of puberty (p>0.05). Neonatal and adulthood endotoxin exposures did not affect FSH and LH levels and gonad weights (p>0.05). CONCLUSİONS: It might be concluded that effects of single neonatal exposure to different endotoxins are corrected before the commencement of the puberty, and hence, pubertal development is not affected. PC216 Effect of Extremely Low Frequency and Radio Frequency Fields on Oxidant Stress in Testes Tissues of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats 1 2 3 3 Dilek Kuzay , Çiğdem Özer , Bahriye Sırav , Nesrin Seyhan 1 Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kırşehir, Turkey 2 Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 3 Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara, Turkey AIM: To investigate the effecs of maternal viral infection at a critical time window of fetal hypothalamic nuclei development on puberty and gonadal development in male pups born to these mothers. METHODS: Pregnant rats were injected with a viral mimetic (polyinosinic: polycytidilic acid, or poly i:c) at the level of 10 mg/kg at the beginning or end of the fetal hypothalamic nuclei development (day 12 or day 14 of pregnancy, respectively) and male pups born the these mothers (n=8 and n=14, respectively) were included in the experiment. For control group, male pups of mothers that were injected with the steril saline at both periods (n=12 and n=9, respectively) were included in the trial. Following weaning, preputial separation was monitored daily starting from postnatal day 30. Blood samples taken at postnatal day 70 were used for the measurement of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Testicular tissue was examined histologically. RESULTS: Comparison of poly i:c treated groups with their respective controls revealed that maternal poly i:c injection on day 12 of pregnancy increases germinal epithelial thickness (p=0.001) and reduces mitotic index (p=0.001). Maternal poly i:c injection on day 14 of pregnancy, however, increased the weight at weaning, (p<0.01), delayed the puberty (p<0.001), reduced the germinal epithelial thickness (p=0.001) and the tubule diameter (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown for the first time that maternal viral infections at the beginning and at the end of fetal hypothalamic nuclei development might differentially program pubertal and gonadal development. Supported by İnönü University BAP (Project#2012/41) AIM: With the development of technology human beings are increasingly under the exposure of electromagnetic fields, mainly extremely low frequency magnetic fields(ELF-MFs) and radio frequency radiation(RF). There are many studies related with electromagnetic field exposure and testes tissues. However there is no study that used two different frequnecies at the same study and included diabetic and non-diabetic animals.The aim of this study is to investigate oxidative effects and antioxidant parameters of ELF-MFs and RF radiation on testes tissue in the diabetic and healthy rats. METHODS: The study was performed with 60 adult wistar albino rats. There were 10 groups (n=6 for each group)1.Non-diabeticControl, 2.Non-diabetic-Sham, 3.Non-diabetic-RF, 4.Non-diabeticELF,5.Non-diabetic-RF+ELF,6.Diabetic-Control,7.DiabeticSham,8.Diabetic-RF,9.Diabetic-ELF, 10.Diabetic-RF+ELF. Diabetic groups were prepared with administration of intraperitoneal, single dose 0.1 M (pH 4.5) STZ dissolving in citrate buffer (65 mg / kg). ELF (50 Hz) and RF (2100 MHz) radiation were used as an electromagnetic exposure for 20 min/day, 5days per week for one month. Rats were sacrificed under the anesthesia and their blood removed from the heart tissues. Oxidative damage of testes tissue examined (malondialdehyde, MDA), nitrite+nitrate (NOx) and antioxidant parameters examined with glutathione (GSH). MannWhitney U test and ANOVA were used for pair wise comparisons among groups. The accepted level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Non-diabetic rats ELF radiation increase MDA and NOX levels (p<0.05). Non-diabetic and Diabetic rats RF and ELF+RF radiation increase MDA and NOX levels (p<0.05) and caused a decrease in GSH levels (p<0.05) in testicular tissue. Also we have detected increase MDA and NOx levels and caused decrease in GSH levels in diabetic rats compared to control (p<0.05). We have shown that maximum change was observed in diabetic ELF+RF exposure groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both irradiation significantly increases oxidative stress and caused a decrease in antioxidant levels in non-diabetic and diabetic animals. The most pronounced effect was recorded in diabetic animals. This study performed under the grant from Gazi University Scientific Researchs Commission with ID number 01/2011-18. PC218 N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) Preeclampsia Model in Rats to Examine the Effect of Curcumin 1 2 1 3 Hasan Erdoğan , Cevat Aktaş , Ümit Şener , Bahadır Kumral , Filiz 4 1 2 Erdoğan , Zekeriya Soydan , Mustafa Erboğa 1 Department of Physiology, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey 3 Department of Forensic Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tekirdağ State Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey AIM: We aim to examine the effect of Curcumin on blood brain barrier (BBB), parameters of oxidative status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in pregnant rats with experimental preeclampsia. METHODS: The groups of Wistar Albino female rats were arranged as Control, Curcumin (100 mg/kg/day, gastric gavage for ten days), L-NAME (80 mg/kg/day, drinking water for ten days), L-NAME (80 mg/kg/day, drinking water for ten days)+Curcumin (100 mg/kg/day, gastric gavage for ten days). Indirect Systolic and 104 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that CL 316,243 administration was associated with no of teratogenic and toxic effects. However, from first concentration we used, (1 mg//L) length of embryos (8.497± 0.301 mm) reduced significantly (p<0.001) when compared to control of Xenopus embryos (10.31±0.336 mm). CONCLUSION: Further studies should be conducted with different concentrations in order to investigate the optimal concentrations for treating preterm labour with these substances. diastolic blood pressures were measured in the 0th, 15th and 20th day of gestation. In 20th day of gestation, rats were sacrificed. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Species (TBARS), Protein Carbonyl (PC) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels were assessed in plasma. Occludin, Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) were assessed by immunohistochemical semi-quantitative method. RESULTS: TBARS level of L-NAME group were higher than Control (P<0.001), Curcumin (P<0.001) and L-NAME+Curcumin (P<0.001) groups. PC level of L-NAME group were higher than Control (P<0.006), Curcumin (P<0.006) and L-NAME+Curcumin (P<0.002) groups. NO levels of Curcumin group were higher than Control (P<0.002), L-NAME (P<0.001) and L-NAME+Curcumin (P<0.001) groups. SBP of L-NAME group in the G20.day were higher than Control (P<0.001), Curcumin (P<0.001) and L-NAME+Curcumin (P<0.001) groups. DBP of L-NAME+Curcumin group in the G20.day were decreased than Control (P<0.027) and L-NAME (P<0.001) groups. Furthermore, DBP of L-NAME group in the G20.day were higher than Curcumin group (P<0.027). Staining of AQP-4 in L-NAME group was intense whereas Occludin and Caveolin-1 were stained low intense. In L-NAME+Curcumin group comparison to L-NAME, AQP-4 was stained less intense, whereas Occludin and Caveolin-1 were stained more intense. CONCLUSION: Curcumin reduced plasma lipid and protein oxidation levels whereas it increased NO levels in our experimental preeclampsia models. It has also protective effect on integrity of BBB. We concluded that Curcumin could have a useful treatment in preeclampsia. PC220 Effects of Hypoxic Pre-Conditioning on Testicles 1 1 1 2 Gamze Bilgili , Şevin Güney , Sibel Dinçer , Cemile Merve Seymen , 2 Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu 1 Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Histology and Embriology, Ankara, Turkey AIM: Objective of this study is to determine whether hypoxic preconditioning has a protective effect on testicles against severe hypoxia. METHODS: 24 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups as Control (C), Pre- Conditioning (PC), Severe Hypoxia (SH), PC+SH. Rats in PC group were exposed to %10 of O2 for 2 hours/day through 3 consecutive days. Rats in SH group were kept under standard atmospheric conditions for 3 days, then were exposed to %7 of O2 for 3 hours at the fourth day. The rats in PC+SH groups were exposed to %10 O2 for 2 hours/day through 3 days then were exposed to %7 of O2 at fourth day. Plasma testosterone levels, number and mobility of sperms were measured for evaluation of testicle function. Moreover histological examination of testicles and tissue oxidant and antioxidant parameters such as nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and glutathion were used for evaluation of testicle injury. Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses; p values less than 0.05 were accepted as significant. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant changes in the meaning of functional parameters (e.g. testosterone levels, testicle weight, sperm number). However, histological findings showed that severe hypoxia caused significant morphological abnormalities in testicles, even though it has no effect on oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters, and hypoxic preconditioning partially protected the tissue against severe hypoxia. CONCLUSION: It was thought that severe hypoxia may distort sperm morphology by several other mechanisms rather than oxidative stress and cellular damage could not be seen at functional level with our experimental hypoxia protocol. Moreover hypoxic preconditioning may have mild protective effect against severe hypoxia PC219 Evaluating the teratogenicity of the selective ß3adrenoceptor agonist, CL-316.243 Hydrate by employing FETAX (FROG EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS) test 1 2 1 Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek , Yasar Sertdemir , Seçil Binokay 1 Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey 2 Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey AIM: It is located mainly in adipose tissue and is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis. A previous study describes β3 adrenergic agonists as new potential tocolytic agents for preventing preterm labour, and suggests that they have a better safety profile than beta-2 adrenergic agonists. In another studies were concluded that; beta-3 adrenoceptor agonists, CL 316.243 and BRL 37344 reduced pregnant myometrial contractility in vitro on rats. As a result of inhibiting myometrial contraction, ß adrenoceptor may play an increasingly more prominent role in preterm labour. In this study, the FETAX technique was employed to evaluate the potential teratogenicity of the selective ßadrenoceptor agonist, CL 316,243. In this context, CL 316,243 was applied to the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos. METHODS: The FETAX media containing the CL 316,24-exposed embryos (1-5mg/L) was monitored and changed/replaced once every 24 hours. Using FETAX, we determined the Minimum Concentrations to inhibit growth (MCIG) for CL 316,243. The 96Hour No Observable Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC), the 96-Hour Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC), the 96-hour EC50 (Malformation), and the 96-hour LC50 (Lethal concentration) for mortality and malformation could not be determined, because the used concentrations did not affect viability or the presence of abnormalities. On the other hand, the Minimum Concentration to Inhibit Growth (MCIG) of CL 316.243 was determined as 1 mg/L. PC221 The Amelorative Role of Thymoquinone on a Rat Model of Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 1 2 1 1 Recep Dokuyucu , Tümay Özgür , Hatice Doğan , Okan Tutuk , 2 Zeynel Abidin Taş 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey AIM: Polycystic Ovary Sendrome (PCOS) characterized with anovulation, hyperandrogenism signs and abnormal ovarian 105 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress morphology is seen the most common endocrinological disease in reproductive age. The efficacy of thymoquinone was investigated in experimental PCOS model. METHODS: The study was planned on 4 groups (Group 1: Control; Group 2: PCOS; Group 3: PCOS+Metformin; Group 4: PCOS+TMQ). The PCOS was induced by oral gavage with letrozole at a concentration of 1 mg/kg for 21 consecutive days. Estrous cycle was determined by taking daily vaginal smear. Following PCOS induction, the third group received metformin (500 mg/kg/day) and the fourth group received thymoquinone (50 mg/kg/day) with oral gavage for 30 days. Control group received orally saline. After two months oophorectomy was done to rats under anesthesia of Ketamin+Xysilazine and the euthanasia was performed by taking cardiac blood. Histopathologic and biochemical assessments were done on the taken tissue and blood samples. RESULTS: According to analysis we have done so far, it was found that weights of ovarian tissues and the atretic follicle number significantly increased in the PCOS group as compared to control (p<0.05). Weights of ovarian tissues decreased in PCOS metformin and thymoquinone groups by comparison with the PCOS group (p<0.05). The atretic follicle number significantly decreased in PCOS-metformin and thymoquinone groups as compared to the PCOS group (respectively p<0.01, p<0.001). The cystic follicle number increased in the PCOS group as compared to control group (p<0.01); decreased meaningfully in PCOS metformine and Thymoquinone as compared to group of PCOS (respectively p<0.01, p<0.05). It was determined that the corpus luteum number decreased in group of PCOS as compared to control group (p<0.05); increased meaningfully in PCOS metformin and thymoquinone groups as compared to PCOS (respectively p<0.01, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings we believe that Thymoquinone can be used in treatment of PCOS alternatively to Metformine. Halil Şener, Şeref Erdoğan Department of Physiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey PC222 Determination of C-Kit Expression by using Immunohistochemistry in Experimental Varicocele Rat Model Semih Tan, Erdoğan Kocamaz, Gülçin Abban Mete Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Denizli, Turkey AIM: We have come across apoptosis of germ cells, oxydative stres, change in testicular blood flow, renal adrenal reflux, hormonal dysfunction and patologieslike autoimmunities in varicocele discoveries. However, in cited literature there is a very limited information about the case of spermatogenic stem cells in varicocele conditions. DAZL (Deleted in Azospermia-like) gene is an autosomal homologue of the Y chromosomal DAZ gene cluster and considered master regulators of spermatogenesis.The VASA gene which ekspressed by whole spermatogonial cell types from spermatogonial stem cells to alongated spermatids at different stages of gonadal development is a highly specific marker of germ cells and essential for human germ cell determination and function. The aim of the study is to investigate varicocele effect on expression of DAZL and VASA proteins which regulates spermatogonial stem cell’s functions. METHOD: In our study, experimental varicocele created rat testis tissues (n=40) were evaluated by immunohistochemical method used with DAZL and VASA antibodies. RESULTS: DAZL antibody has weak staining on spermatogonia in control and sham groups and negative on all spermatogonial cells in varicocele group. VASA antibody has very strong staining on spermatogonia, strong on primer and seconder spermatocytes and middle level on spermatids in control group. VASA antibody has strong staining on spermatogonia, middle level on primer and seconder spermatocytes but no staining on spermatids in varicocele group. CONCLUSION: In the light of our finding our results showed that varicocele reduces the expression of VASA and DAZL. AIM: The intracellular pH (pHi) regulation is one of the basic homeostatic mechanisms. The defense mechanism of embryos against alkalosis is important for the healthy embryo development in the milieu of alkaline oviduct. The aim of the study was compare alkalosis defense mechanism of embryos, which were developed in culture medium with those of in vivo embryos. MATERIALS-METHODS: In vitro 2-cell (2-c), 4-cell (4-c), 8-cell (8-c) and the morula stage embryos were obtained by zygote culture. Same stages in vivo embryos were retrievaled from superovulated female mice. pHi was recorded by using microspectrofluorometric technique. Alkalosis was induced with ammonium pulse method and recovery responses were evaluated. RESULTS: Determined resting pHi values of in vivo developed embryos were significantly different when compared with those of developed in vitro. Induced-alkalosis was completely recovered in all “in vivo” developed embryonic stage. However, incomplete recovery was observed at “in vitro” developed embryos of 8-c and morula stages. CONCLUSION: Due to incompetence of alkalosis defense mechanism of 8-cell and morula embryos obtained from zygote culture, especially these embryonic stages must be manipulated more carefully during in vitro fertilization procedures. This study was supported by the Scientific Research Office of Cukurova University (TSA-2015-3634). PC224 Determination of Dazl and VASA expression by using Immunohistochemistry in Experimental Varicocele Rat Model Semih Tan, Erdoğan Kocamaz, Gülçin Abban Mete Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Denizli, Turkey AIM: The role of varicoceles in the etiology of male infertility is still controversial. Recent studies at the molecular level have demonstrated that varicoceles can cause testicular nuclear DNA damage, apoptosis, and raised levels of reactive oxygen species. However, in cited literature there is a very limited information about the case of spermatogenic stem cells in varicocele conditions. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of varicocele on C- Kit expression in rat testis. METHODS: The impact of varicocele on spermatogonial stem cells has been put forward using the C- Kit marker with immunohistochemical analysis on varicocele rat testis. RESULTS: Our results showed that varicocele reduces the expression of C- Kit expression in rat testis. CONCLUSIONS: C- Kit expression which is one of sprematogonial stem cell markers and has a crucial role on spermatogenesis. It has been observed that varicocele reduces the C-Kit expression on rat testis. The reduction of the C- kit expression may explain the observed decline in sperm count in varicocele. PC223 Comparison of Alkalosis Defence Mechanism Developing in In Vivo and In Vitro Embryos during Preimplantation Stages 106 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress PC225 Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Networks Can Predict UCP2 mRNA Levels According to Irisin Dose and Time of Application in the Cerebellum of Rats 1 1 2 1 Yavuz Erden , Suat Tekin , Cemil Çolak , Süleyman Sandal , Ahmet 3 3 4 Tektemur , Ebru Etem Önalan , Sevda Kırbağ 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 3 Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey 4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey isotonic NaCI (vehicle); the apelin-1 and apelin-10 groups were given 1µg/kg and 10µg/kg apelin-13 intraperitoneally between 9:00-10:00 h every day. The vaginal opening of the rats was checked on a daily basis and their onset of puberty was determined. The brain tissues were taken on puberty rats and GnRH levels in hypothalamus were determined immunohistochemically. The collected serum samples were analyzed LH, FSH, kisspeptin and estradiol levels by using ELISA. RESULTS: Onset of puberty in both apelin-13 groups (35.6±1.63 day for apelin-1; 34.5±1.87 days for apelin-10) were shorter than control group (35.8±1.66 days). Additionally, it was determined increases in the GnRH levels in the hypothalamus and serum kisspeptin, LH, FSH and estradiol levels, but the increases were no statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It was considered that the apelin-13 application in offspring rats decreased the onset of puberty; and also increased partly the mechanisms that triggered reproduction behaviors. It was also considered that a proper dose and application method defined for the peptide may have important roles in reproductive axis. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Inonu University BAP (Project no: 2012/158). AIM: Uncoupling proteins (UCP1-5) are members of mitochondrial anion carrier protein family. They are important roles such as regulating neuroendocrine functions, neuroprotection and neurotransmission in central nervous system. Irisin is a newlydefined myokine that it has the potential to stimulate “browning” of white adipose tissue in rodents by activating the UCP1. The aim of the current study was to predict UCP2 mRNA levels according to irisin dose and time of application via radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural networks (ANN). METHODS: In this study, eighteen female Sprague Dawley rats were used and animals were divided into four groups (n=3 or 5). The animals were intracerebroventricularly injected at 1, 3 and 10 µM concentration of irisin or vehicle (control group) in the right lateral ventricle. After the 16h, the rats were decapitated and taken cerebellum tissues. UCP2 mRNA levels were determinated by using RT-PCR method. RBF ANN was built to predict UCP2 MRNA levels according to irisin dose and time of application, and was evaluated using sum of squares error (SSE) and relative error (RE). RESULTS: RBF ANN model had 1.597E-24 of SSE and 3.993E-25 of RE. Predictor importance values were 51.5% for irisin dose, and 48.5% for time of application. CONCLUSIONS: The RBF ANN can predict well UCP2 mRNA levels according to irisin dose and time of application. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Firat University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: FF.13.26). PC227 The Effect of Atorvastatin on the Decrease of IGF-1 Level at Diabetic Rats' Kidney 1 2 3 Nuran Ekerbiçer , V. Sevinç İnan , Caner Çetinkaya , Ali Rıza 4 3 3 Şişman , İlkay Aksu , Nazan Uysal Harzadın 1 Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Manisa, Turkey 2 Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embriology, Manisa, Turkey 3 Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İzmir, Turkey 4 Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, İzmir, Turkey AIM: Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels is decreased on diabetes which necessary for normal growth and development of renal tissue.It was showed that, atorvastatin protect renal tissue against a variety of damage the case reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IGF-1 is in the protective effect of Atorvastatin on kidney's tissue at diabetic rat model. METHODS: 28 adult Wistar rats used in this study. After the the ethics committee of approved the design and protocol of the experiments diabetes induced by steptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, dissolved in citrat buffer (pH 4.5, i.p). Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (CT) (n=7); STZ-induced diabetic group (STZ) (n=7); control group received statin 10 mg/kg (CT+AT) (n=7);, and STZinduced diabetic group received statin 10 mg/kg (STZ+AT) (n=7). 4 weeks after the drug administration experimental protocol terminated. Under the ether anesthesia, intracardiac blood obtained and the kidney tissue removed. Blood glucose, creatinin, BUN, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were evaluated otoanalyser by the serum samples. Renal histology was evaluated and IGF-1 levels were determined in kidney tissue. RESULTS: Microscopic examination of rat kidney revealed that normal tissue organization was disrupted in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Treatment with Atorvastatin reduced the histological damage and protected the morphological integrity of the renal tisssue in streptozotocin induced diabetes. It was observed that IGF-1 level decreased in diabetic group's PC226 The Effects of Apelin-13 on Puberty in Female Rats 1 1 2 3 Yavuz Erden , Suat Tekin , Fatma Özyalın , Hasan Özen , Cemil 4 1 Çolak , Süleyman Sandal 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey 4 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Apelin and its receptor, APJ, is found densely in brain areas like SON, PVN; in testicle and ovary tissues of humans, and rats and mice makes us consider that apelin may have an effect on the reproduction system. This study has been conducted to determine the effects of apelin-13 on puberty. METHODS: 30 female young rats weighing 40-60 g were used in the study. The rats were separated into 3 groups as the control, apelin-1 and apelin-10 groups. The control group was injected 107 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress kidneys, on the contrast it was not altered by the Atorvastatin treatment. CONCLUSION: This result revealed that IGF-1 didn't take part in the protective effect of Atorvastatin. such as weight change. There are few studies in literature about how antidepressants affect the feeding and weight change in female rats. The aim of this study was to determine the different antidepressants (paroxetine, bupropion and agomelatine) on weight change, food and water intake in female rats. METHODS: For the experimental studies, totally 40 female Sprague Dawley rats were used. All animals were randomly divided into four groups (control, paroxetine, bupropion and agomelatine) and each group consisted of 10 rats. The animals started to receive daily oral paroxetine (3.6 mg/kg), bupropion (17 mg/kg) or agomelatine (10 mg/kg) from post-natal day 21 to 90 days. Similarly, the control group received only physiological saline. RESULTS: Food intake was significantly higher in paroxetine (from 22 to 90 days), bupropion (from 53 to 90 days) and agomelatine (from 26 to 90 days) groups compared to vehicle group (p<0.05). There were no significant changes between the all groups in terms of water intake. When compared to vehicle group, although not significant, water intake of paroxetine-treated group was slightly lower. Body weight change was significantly higher in paroxetine (from 48 to 90 days) and agomelatine (from 45 to 74 days) treated groups compared to control group (p<0.05) while body weight change was not significantly affected by administration of bupropion compared to control group. Also, there was no statistically significant difference in serum leptin levels in antidepresants groups compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of present study suggest that antidepressants changes food intake and body weight in different days. This study was supported by Firat University Scientific Projects Coordination Units (FUBAP, Project no: TF. 14.69) PC228 Evaluation of Naringenin Chelating and Hepatoprotective Potential against to Lead Acetate Administration 1 2 2 3 Zafer Şahı ̇n , Ahmet Özkaya , Üzeyir Dağ , Mustafa Özkaraca 1 Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Konya, Turkey 2 Adiyaman University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Adiyaman, Turkey 3 Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erzurum, Turkey BACKGROUND-AIM: Lead (Pb) is among of the most abundant elements, which commonly used in the industry, and is one of adverse effects on the health of the environmental pollutants. Naringenin is a flavonoid-derived natural antioxidant. The present study designed to investigate the effects of naringenin on the oxidative stress and the liver damage against lead acetate treatment in the rats. MATERIALS-METHODS: Twenty-eight male wistar rats were divided as control, lead acetate, naringenin and naringenin+lead acetate groups. Naringenin was administered to animals by orogastric gavage at the dose of 50 mg/kg and the lead acetate was given into drinking water as daily 500-ppm concentrations during 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Pb levels were measured in the liver, also performed the histopathological evaluation of the hepatic tissue. RESULTS: MDA, CAT, and Pb increased whereas GSH significantly decreased in the liver of lead acetate group compared to control (p=0,000). In naringenin+lead acetate group, MDA and CAT were same levels with control, but GSH-Px was higher (p=0,000), and GSH was lower than control (0,000). Naringenin group MDA, GSH, CAT, and Pb were same with control levels. The hepatic lesions such as necrosis, periportal cell infiltration, sinusoidal congestion, hepatic steatosis, hydropic degeneration, capsular fibrosis, and hepatic cord disorganization occurred in both lead acetate and naringenin+lead acetate group. Compared to lead acetate group significantly decreased grade of necrosis, hydropic degeneration, and hepatic cord disorganization in naringenin+lead acetate (p=0,0342). However, there were no differences in the degree of hepatic periportal cell infiltration, sinusoidal congestion, hepatic steatosis, and capsular fibrosis between lead acetate and naringenin+lead acetate. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that naringenin has antioxidant and chelating potential on lead acetate induced oxidative stress in the liver. Nevertheless, this protective effect is not enough against lead acetate induced the hepatic injury. PC230 Effects of Kisspeptin-10 in Methionine Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Liver Tissue of Young Male Rats 1 2 3 Hatice Akkaya , Gözde Erkanlı Şentürk , Siğnem Eyüboğlu , Bayram 3 Yılmaz 1 Yeditepe University, Medical School, Experimental Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Bahçeşehir University, Medical School, Department of Histology & Embriology, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey AIM: High methionine diet-induced elevation of plasma homocysteine levels are associated with oxidative stress. Kisspeptin (metastin) is a peptide that has anti-metastatic effects and plays a regulatory role in reproductive functions. Effects of kisspeptin on methionine-induced lipid damage and oxidative stress in liver tissue have not been reported. In the present study, we have investigated effects of kisspeptin on methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in the liver tissue of young male rats. METHOD: Young male Wistar rats (about 100 gr) were divided into four groups (n=6/group). Control animals received saline (sc) alone. In the second group, L-methionine (1 g/kg) was administered for induction of injury by hyperhomocysteinemia for 30 days per oral dose. The rats in the third group were given saline for the first 18 days and then kisspeptin-10 (20 nmol, sc) for 12 consecutive days. Group IV received L-methionine for 30 days and the same animals were injected kisspeptin-10 for the last 12 consecutive days. At the end, the animals were decapitated. The liver tissues were histologically examined by using haematoxyleneosin staining method. Biochemical analysis was performed to determine oxidative stress level. PC229 Effects of Treatment of Paroxetine, Bupropion and Agomelatine on Feeding and Weight Change in Female Rats 1 1 1 1 Nazife Ülker , Ahmet Yardımcı , Gökçen Özdemir , Özgür Bulmuş , 2 1 1 Mete Özcan , Sinan Canpolat , Haluk Keleştimur 1 Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey 2 Firat University, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Elazig, Turkey AIM: Use of antidepressants causes several important side effects, 108 Turkish Society of Physiological Sciences 41st National Physiology Congress 2 RESULTS: There was significantly more morphological damage in the methoinine treated group compared to control and kisspeptin groups (p<0,05). Although the liver damage was not significantly different between the kisspeptin and control groups, it was significantly less in the kisspeptin-methionine group compared to methionine-treated group alone (p<0,05). CAT enzyme activity was significantly higher in the kisspeptin group compared to control and methionine group values (p<0,05). No significant change was observed in the metiyonin-kisspeptin group. Total SOD activity did not significantly differ among the groups. Methionine administration resulted in significant increase in MDA levels (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that kisspeptin-10 may protect against morphological damage and especially oxidative stress in methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 3 Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey AIM: Loneliness levels of international students were investigated by UCLA loneliness scale. METHODS: In our study, 46 international students Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) were included. Survey consists of demographic data and UCLA loneliness scale were applied under observation. Analysis for the data single-factor analysis of variance and pearson correlation analysis were used. RESULTS: Mean ages of the students between of 19-25 were found. Eighteen students female were (39.1%) and 28 male were (60.9%). UCLA loneliness scale score were found 39.8 ± 6.3. According to gender evaluated; for male were 39.37 ± 6.10 and for female were 40.14 ± 6.71. UCLA scores were statistically significant between medical faculty and FHS and was higher in the FHS (p <0.05). UCLA score were found higher in the students of Turkish langue bad reading (p <0.05). UCLA score were found positively correlate with faculty (r = 0.335, p = 0.030), alcohol consumption (r = 0.314, p = 0.048) and physical fitness (r = 0.366, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: International students loneliness levels can be affected by many factors. This can bring to problems of adaptation and failure of lessons. PC231 Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Changes in Exfoliated Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Collected from Lactating Mothers 1 1 1 2 Sami Ağuş , Özge Atasayan , Siğnem Eyüboğlu , Süleyman Sandal , 1 Bayram Yılmaz 1 Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Inonu University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey AIM: Exfoliated epithelial cells can be used to detect DNA damage in human body using single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet Assay) as a biomonitoring tool. The present study was designed to investigate presence of DNA damage in human mammary epithelial cells collected from 100 healthy lactating mothers (90 of them are post-partum 1 to 4 weeks and 10 of them at after postpartum period of lactation) who were resident in Istanbul. METHODS: Volunteer mothers were asked to fill a questionnaire form including demographical and nutritional information. Sample collection procedure was approved by the local ethics committee. Collected milk samples (10 ml) were centrifuged. The supernatants were stored and the pellet washed twice by re-suspending the cells in phosphate buffer saline and centrifuging. In order to determine cell viability 0.4% tryphan blue was used and the cells were counted with a hemocytometer before the assay protocol. DNA damage was assessed by using comet assay. Fifty cells per slide and two slides per sample were scored to evaluate DNA damage. The slides were examined under a fluorescent microscope equipped with suitable filters at 200× magnification. The cells were scored by using Comet Assay IV software. RESULTS: Tail intensity values represent DNA damage. Mean value of tail intensity was 11,4. Mean of Body Mass Index (BMI) values of mothers was 26,9. Correlation between BMI and tail intensity was highly significant (p<0,01). Mean of mother’s age was 26,2. There was no significant correlation between age of lactating mothers and tail intensity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high DNA damage is observed in women with high BMI. It may be attributed to bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in fat tissue. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project # 113S155). PC233 Investigation of Depression and Anxiety Levels in the International Students 1 2 2 Mustafa Saygın , Arif Demirdaş , Caf Çağrı Korucu 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey AIM: Depression and anxiety levels were investigated in foreign students by Back scale. METHODS: In our study; 42 international students Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Health Sciences (SBF) were included. Survey consists of demographic data and Back depression (BDS) and anxiety (BAS) scale were applied under observation. Analysis for the data, single-factor analysis of variance and pearson correlation analysis were used. RESULTS: Mean ages of the students between of 19-25 were found. Fifteen students female were (35.7%) and 27 male were (64.3%). BDS score were 35 ± 12.6 and BAS score were 33± 9.26. According to gender evaluated; for male BDS score were 35 ± 12.8, BAS score were 33± 9.5 and for female BDS score were 31 ± 9.8, BAS score were 21± 7.2. BAS score were found positively correlate with smoke (r= 0,395, p=0,023), social activities of university (r= 0,353, p=0,025). BDS score were found negatively correlate with speak the Turkish language (r= -0,338, p=0,027). CONCLUSIONS: International students depression and anxiety may be affected by many factors. This may bring to psychiatric problems and failures of lessons. PC232 Investigation of Loneliness Levels in the International Students 1 2 2 Mustafa Saygın , Arif Demirdaş , Cafer Çağrı Korucu , Emre 3 Yorgancıgil 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 109