Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period

Brandon the Archivist

The goal of this anthology, consisting of ten essays on the history of the Nuevomexicano experience from the short Mexican period to the post-Chicano movement era of the 1960s and 1970s, is to present a Chicano perspective on the Nuevomexicano historical experience. Divided into two parts, the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the collection\u27s essays deal primarily with twentieth-century themes, a reasonable approach given the brevity of the Mexican era and the much longer period after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which initiated the era of United States rule. The dominant theme affirms that Nuevomexicanos have always contested their rights to equal citizenship in New Mexico, sometimes faring well, at others suffering the burden of being a racial or ethnic minority. Amidst this cultural conflict, much adaptation has characterized Nuevomexicano society in its interaction with the dominant forces since the coming of Anglo Americans

Abstract [eng] There is a vast body of literature and knowledge on and about articulating tradition and heritage as a resource to construct identity. It is so to the point that both concepts become reliable tools that would speak as symbolic and tangible arguments in the identity build-up. This thesis brings the case of ‘Hispano’ Newmexicans, the Spanish lineage-related community in the southwestern American state of New Mexico. The case’s singularity comes from the circumstances in which that community’s identity articulation gets produced. Newmexican ‘Hispano’ proclivity to engage in tradition and heritage discourse delves into the fascination for the past. Memories and customs become recurrent, coherent, and cohesive cultural artifacts, immovable devices to endorse social presence, voice cultural relevance, and vent past grievances. Such an emphasis somehow brings not just an act of agency into the open, showing value and the community’s character. Stressing the accent on heritage and tradition often conceals inter-ethnic social tensions and blurs too many cultural similarities. That specific condition, the one of a society functioning on a multi-ethnic pattern, provides the necessary tools for debate. New Mexico had been conceptualized as a tri-ethnic-cultural state, around Native Americans -Pueblo, Navajo, Apache-, ‘Hispanos,’ and Anglos, regardless of much social and academic grumble. This has posed an elusive concern. That reductionist approach subsumed diverse ethnic groups into a solid three-grouping entity and fabrication. Moreover, it blocked each group’s tradition and heritage-specific production for a more standard and carefully customized version by local cultural institutions. The School for Advanced Research - SAR- and the Spanish Colonial Art Society -SCAS- were the gate openers in the building up, implementing, delivering, and promoting the commodified optics of the state’s cultures for outer exposure. Those conditions only messed with the internal social perception of the ‘other’ while exposing New Mexico’s complex society’s structure and history to foreigners' consumption. The two case studies - the Santa Fe Fiesta and the Museum of Spanish Colonial Art- brought here for analysis look to shed light on the current conditions of societal power relations. Both are meant to fully display and dissect the usage and channeling of identity and heritage discourses. That is meant by a functional artifact that aligns in time the inception of New Mexico as the political unit that led to its current existence, and the historical process that informs the massive growth in the production of social and behavioural knowledge. We have considered particularly relevant some specific lines to develop this task: • The social structure and hierarchy in New Mexico after the independence of Mexico and the After the 1848 Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty -1848-, at the end of the war with the United States. • The account of social bonds or cultural ties - linguistic, religious, territorial, historical, traditional- Spanish-lineage Newmexicans perceived as theirs. • The effects of the political program behind the U.S. Manifest Destiny ideology. • Tracking the systematization and production of knowledge of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ethnography, and Anthropology included, as shapers of discourse and social narratives. The proposition weighs the relevance of both case studies that set off from the same historical moment, regardless of their subsequent functional trajectory. A trajectory that eventually would mesh them both in the public scene. Both also occupy a proper place as self-representational 'loci' for New Mexican narratives, whether institutional or 'Hispanic', that we portray as confronting discourses. The display of identity manifestations has the purpose to provide clues to the connect/disconnect relationship of the ‘Hispano’ community to and with the neighbor communities, as well as the terms of entitlement that ensue through identity production.

La: Cinco Chagas do mi Scnhor, .cuul Ciuro (fham-3 (Iv azul cn or . . . g IC HMS " "I IN THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD IN TWO PARTS: THE SEVENTEENTH (1598-1693) AND THE EIGHTEENTH (1693—1821)CENTURIES By , FRAY ANGELICO CHAVEZ With Four Illustrations by José Cisneros MCMLIV THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW MEXICO SANTA FE DESIGNED AND PRINTED BY LOUIS SCHIFANI FOR THE AUTHOR AND THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 01-‘NEW MEXICO Copyright, 1954, by Fray Angelica Chavez CON LAs DEBIDAS LICENCIAS DEL P. PROVINCIAL, FR. VICENTE KROGER, O.F.M., Y DEL ORDINARIO, EL SR. D. EDvINo VICENTE BYRNE, ARZOBISPO DE SANTA FE. I \. ~" bl‘ L. _ To MY TRUE FATHER SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI Failing to find a Maecenas or a Lord Ches t-erfield to finance this venture, even among those who ought to care, I dedicate it to thee, so lacking in funds, like myself. INTRODUCTION HIS WORK is a sort of by-product. While going through count less old manuscripts for data on the Franciscan Missions of New Mexico,more particularly in an effort to further clarify the his tory of the venerable statue of La Conquistadora in Santa Fe, I began collecting bits of information on people appearing in these ancient documents. After several years of digging, Mission facts . were still relatively scanty, while notes on the lay pioneers had piled up considerably. It was like the case of a miner who sifted a hill of ore for gold, setting aside any silver he encountered; in the end the silver far outweigh ed the gold. The only thing to do was to render the silver useful. After much cross-filing and comparing, and some additional research, the present work took shape. As I had hoped, it aided me greatly in reconstructing the beautiful story of La Conquistadora in intimate detail. But, to my surprise, it also turned out to be a comprehensive, if incomplete, record of the original Spanish families of New Mexico. The full stories behind each nznne and note, too lengthy to include here, have furnished me with a knowledge of Spanish times that could not have been acquired in any other way. This knowledge will serve me in good stead in various fields of endeavor. This printed compilation will also prove useful to others, I am sure, who are working in any field of research having to do with the first two centuries of New Mexico’s existence as a Spanish colony. New Mexicans interested in their remote forebears will find it intriguing as well as revealing. If I restrict ed myself to this particular period, it was because my original project on the Missions covered the same time and territory. It might as well be also empha sized here that this survey is possible because, in these first two centuries, the population was a homogeneous whole and relatively small, due to the region’s almost complete isolation during all that time. (The story changes in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Even be fore the American Occupation of 1846, there was a great influx of French Canadians and Anglo-Americans who married New Mexico women. After 1846, besides Americans from the “States,” there were also Englishmen, Irishmen, Scots-—Danes,Germans, and Jews, too. When Fort Marcy and Fort Union were in their heyday, such intermarrying was more pronounced, and to a degree not generally known or realized. The result was not merely an addition of non Spanish names and the infusion of non~Latin blood in the roster of New Mexico families, for a goodly number of these outsiders later took their half-Spanish families to the Pacific coast, while many went “back East,” so that even then “Coronado’s Children”—or better still, “Oﬁate’s Orphans” —— began contribut ing substantially to the American melting-pot. What two major wars have done in this present century is beyond imagining.) The Two Colonizations The Spanish Franciscan Missions and the Spanish Colony of New Mexico began together with the ONATE CONQUEST, or the arrival of his colony in 1598.Both the Mission and the Colony suffered defeat and exile in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, and both returned as one in a second act of colonization and conquest in 1693, the VARGAS RECONQUEST. Since the surviving refugee colonists of the Oﬁate period were greatly augmented by new colonists brought _byVargas, the Reconquest of 1693 was really a new and distinct colonization of New Mexico. llcnce the major tlivisiv-u mzule here of New l\’le.\'.icol“:mlilics into the Seventeenth and the liligliteentli Centuries. While the pioneer Oﬁatc colonists actually were sixtcenth—century people, their activities in New Mexico, and those of their children and grandchildren, covered practically all of the Seventeenth Century, from 1598to 1693.Likewise, the remnants of these people who returned with Vargas, as also his new colo nists, were seventeenth-century folk who, with their descendants, made civil and church history in New Mexico throughout the Eighteenth Century, and two decades of the Nineteenth, until the end of Spanish Rule in 1821. Families of the Seventeenth Century, 1598-1693 The Ofiate Conquest Don Juan de Oﬁate, first colonizer of New Mexico, arrived at San Juan de los Caballeros in the summer of 1598 with about a hundred and thirty Spanish soldiers, many of these with their families, as well‘as some Indian servants from New Spain. About eighty additional soldiers arrived in 1600,some of these with their families. However, mutinies, battle casualties, and a major desertion from the colony, reduced the number of original pioneers considerably. Of more than two hundred names found in the Oﬁate lists, less than forty established themselves permanently in the new land. From 1610 to 1680 other officers and soldiers came, singly or in very small groups, and these married the daughters and granddaughters of the first col onists. In 1677,three years before the Rebellion, the Viceroy sent up fifty con victs to serve as soldiers for some years; of these fifty, not more than two re mained to found a family. Geographically, the “Kingdom of New Mexico” reached from Taos Pueblo down the Rio del Norte to Guadalupe del Paso (now Ciudad Juarez). Outside the Rio del Norte Valley, the Missions as far west as the Moqui (Hopi) Pueblos were considered part of the Kingdom; in the same way, those east of the valley at Picuris, Pecos, the Galisteo Basin, and the Tigua and Piros Pueblos east of the Manzano range. There was only one Spanish town, Santa Fe. The rest of the settlers lived in what they then called “estancias” up and down the river from Taos to Socorro. Some families resided at short-lived Tajique east of the Manzanos, while others, at least that of the “Alcalde Mayor” of a Pueblo, lived near the Pueblos west of the valley. Guadalupe del Paso also belonged to the xi Kingdom; it was founded as one of the New Mexico Missions, its first white settlers and officials were New Mexicans, and its inhabitants considered tl1em selves natives of New Mexico throughout‘ this early period. In 1680 the northern Pueblos banded together in one big effort to drive out the Spaniards, killing a score of missionaries and some families, and taking some women and children captive. The rest of the colony fled south to the re gion around Guadalupe del Paso, where they founded the towns of El Real de San Lorenzo, Ysleta, Senecﬁ, Socorro, and others. Here they stayed for thirteen years, during which time ineffectual attempts were made to reconquer the Kingdom. During this exile, too, some of the best and most numerous families abandoned their fellow-refugees and went south into New Spain. Families of the Eighteenth Century, 1693-1821 The Vargas Reconquest Don Diego de Vargas, second colonizer of New Mexico, was appointed to lead the refugee colonists back to their homeland. In 1692 he made his first “Entrada” into New Mexico, in which he peacefully received the submission of the Pueblos, now weakened by wars among themselves. But he had already not ed that the original New Mexicans, considerably reduced by the 1680massacre and by the subsequent desertion of families that left for New Spain, were too few for an effective attempt at re-colonization. So he recruited soldiers in Spain and New Spain, as well as civilian colonists with their families in the Valley of Mexico and the country around Zacatecas. Hence his Reconquest colony con sisted of various distinct groups. 1. The Native New Mexicans. Here were the faithful Archuletas, Bacas, Chavez, Luceros, Montoyas, etc., whose families had increased during the thir teen-year exile at Guadalupe del Paso. 2. The Soldiers from Spain{\Howmany of Vargas’ “hundred gentlemen sol diers froin Spain” actually came is not known, but only a few remained to found families, like Paez Hurtado, Fernandez de la Pedrera, Roybal, and others. 3. The “Espaﬁoles Mexicanos.” The Viceroy himself had selected these “six ty-seven” Spanish families living in the City and Valley of Mexico. They were assembled by Cristobal de Velasco, but came under the supervision of Fray . Francisco Farfan, their number decreasing somewhat during the long journey. Here came the names of Arag(m, l\’le(li.v1a,Ortiz, Quintana, and many others. While some individuals seem to have hurried up to join the expedition as sol diers for the Reconquest in December, 1693, the bulk of these people did not ar rive in Santa Fe until June, 1694. 4. The Families from Zacatecas. These people were recruited at Zacatecas and the Mines of Sombrerete by Juan Paez Hurtado. There is no known list of them extant, so that families belonging to this group are known from refer ences in scattered sources. Here came such names as Armijo, Vigil, Vargas, etc. These people did not arrive in Santa Fe until May, 1695. 5. New Mexicans of Guadalupe del Paso. Some people who had lived, or were even born, at Guadalupe del Paso, and considered themselves New Mexi cans, decided to move north, like the Padillas and Pereas. Similarly, several northern New Mexicans were allowed to remain in the new settlements they had founded in 1680,where their descendants are found to this day. By this time, however, the Crown had decided that this southern district did not belong to the Kingdom of New Mexico, but to the Province of Nueva Vizcaya. Geographically, the Kingdom was smaller in extent than before the Rebel lion. For Guadalupe del Paso had been separated, the Moqui Missions were not re-founded, the Manzano or Salinas district lay uninhabited, as also the area around Socorro. However, new settlements sprang up along the Rio del Norte from Taos Valley down to Tomé. Two new “Villas,” besides Santa Fe, were Santa Cruz de la Caﬁada and Alburquerque. On the sites of former “estancias” the in creasing number of settlers formed into hamlets on either side of the liver. In the second half of the century, people ventured away from the main valley, as at Abiquiu and Ojo Caliente, then Santa Barbara, Truchas, and Trampas on the mountains northeast of Santa Cruz; there were also some small outposts in the Jémez and Cabezén area. It was not until shortly after the turn of the century that settlers ventured further south to Socorro,or west to the Cebolletacountry; to the east, some families went to live at San Miguel del Vado when a military outpost was established there. Otherwise, people had stuck close to the Rio del Norte because the roving tribes of Indians had made life precarious away from it; in fact, raids by them into the valley settlements were severe and frequent. New settlers came sporadically between 1700and 1800,bachelors who mar ried local women and left many descendants. There were two Frenchmen al ready in Vargas’ time, Archevéque and Grolet, and two others who came later, xiii Alarie and Labadie. Other newcoincrrzwere officers and soldiers sent to the San ta Fe Presidio who‘decided to stay permanently, like Delgzulo, de la 0, Miera, and Villanueva. Some others were merchants travelling between Mexico City, Chihuahua, and the “Kingdom,” like Pino, Clemente Gutierrez, and Duran Ba chicha. Still others were nephews or brothers of the missionaries, like Gabaldon, Mariﬁo, and Sanchez Vergara. Occasionally, descendants of old New Mexicans who had stayed at Guadalupe del Paso in 1693,like Telles, Bernal, and Tapia, re turned to their ancestors’ land of birth. New blood was also introduced, though rarely, when some New Mexican returned from a business trip in Mexico City with a bride. A mixture of all these closely inter-related people, hemmed inside a short stretch of the Rio del Norte Valley for more than two centuries, was what made up the Spanish population in 1821,when New Spain broke away from the Crown and became the Republic of Mexico,automatically including the ancient Kingdom of New Mexico within its borders. It was the same population found by the American Army of Occupation twenty-fivelyears later, in 1846.‘ Genealogical Note Many people will naturally be interested in the origin and development of their own particular ancestry and family name. Here they will meet each fam ily as found “in the record.” Some initial Aztec admixture, which has to be men tioned here for having already appeared in print, was admitted by individuals in some cases, but often as not was cast as a false aspersion on a par with im morality or a lack of culture. In brief, it was small enough to be absorbed by the general preponderance of Spanish blood. The main fact is that these New Mex ico pioneers, the great majority of them, were people of whom we can be justly proud. However, many of us New Mexicans have dreamed of our Conquistador forefathers as some sort of knighted gentry—to the secret, and sometimes un disguised, mirth of our non-Spanish neighbors, who wrongly believe them to have been nothing but peons and convicts. This present work, I trust, will tem per both extreme opinions to the benefit of all. 1. Another element of the population were the genizaros, who were descended from diverse Plains Indians and other nomadic Indian captives. They now had Spanish surnames, many had Spanish blood, and all knew only the Span ish language. Generally, these were the “poor ig norant Mexicans” described by American writ ers and travellers of those times. xiv As will he noticed, some of the Con-inistzulores appear to have had noble an tecedents in the dim past, but all were now or(linary military and pastoral peo ple, good folks in the main, who were neither pcons nor convicts. True, the mis deeds of some have come down to us, while the good deeds of most were in terred with their bones, since court records do not concern themselves with men’svirtues. But enough material exists to picture their fortitude and piety, their constant courage, and a marked innate sense of idealism. As I have else where tried to bring out, these pioneer New Mexicans did not come seeking re ligious and civil liberty for their own group, like the New England colonists. Nor were they looking primarily for mere material benefits and a new home, like those of New France. Rather, in the truly characteristic fashion of south ern Castile (La Mancha and Extremadura), they risked life and limb chiefly because they had been promised the title of “hidalgo” if they came and stayed. An empty incentive, this, to any other people, but not to these whose names and blood went back ultimately to that stark land of central Spain where Cervantes had his Don Quijote and Sancho Panza seeking for “islands” to rule. Their penchant for adding ancestral names to their own immediate ones, ridiculous as it may seem to our modern democratic brevity, was one external feature of this Castilian spirit of the times. Another was that of attaching whatever titles they could lay claim to. Thus a third-generation Lopez became Lopez Sambrano de Grijalva. Or some individual strung out his titles of “Capi tan, Alcalde Mayor, Regidor que fué, I-Iermano de laTercera Orden, Alguacil del Santo Oficio’_{—-ad infinitum. (The author’s name and appendages on the second title-page of this book are in playful reference to this practice.) The most’ important feature brought out here is the inter—relation of all New Mexicans in one big family, at least as far as the first two centuries are concerned. To this purpose, I have appended genealogical footnotes, as well as intricate diagrams, showing lines of ancestry running down from every direc tion, and from the most diverse sources, to my own father and mother. This looks, I know, like the height of presumption on my part, to intrude into a work of such general scope with strictly peisonal particulars that should interest no one else. But there was need for a graphic unifying medium to hold these thou sands of loose facts together, to lend direction to their compilation. I would much have preferred to use the family trees of noted historical figures, and also of leaders of our times. However, these were not available (some of them I sought in vain), while I did happen to have a wealth of personal material per fectly suited to this end; its rich cmuplexity, which only :1(lt‘(ll(‘Ill.C(l1‘cse:u‘cl1c1' might garner in no less than a (leczulc,made possible the various combinzitions shown on the charts. This use of one and the same family in all the diagrams does bring out the points discussed much more graphically than if various sep arate groups had been treated. This, of course, brings out no noble'pedigrees, and none were sought, but does forcefully illustrate the thesis by indicating the many-faceted relationship that exists among Hispanic New Mexicans. Many as these lines of descent may seem, they are but a fraction of a possible total, since, for example, an adult liv ing today would have to find over five hundred contemporary grandparents in Vargas’ time. Yet, this fraction is a good indication of what the total would be —a more widespread inter-relation. The method adhered to in this work is one of definite proof in linking par ent and child at each generation. Where enough material is not available, espe cially in the more remote Seventeenth Century,. reasonable assumptions are made, but the assumptions are stated as such. For the links in a chain of ances try cannot be merely guessed at from a similarity in na1nes—eachlink of par ent-child relationship must be forged with definite proof, or at least a plurality of circumstantial indications. And if the skipping of one such little link is so vi tally important, and disastrous, it can readily be seen how a long jump to Queen Isabella or William the Conqueror can be so silly.’ I + + + + + + + + + This is the time to thank those in charge of the institutions named in the Bibliography where the material used is preserved, for their unfailing helpful ness and courtesy. Personal thanks are due in particular to Dr. Arturo J. 0. Anderson, who is actually the Historical Department of the Museum of New Mexico,‘for his constant help and interest in making documents available and 2. There are professional hawks who prey on the gullibility of people by connecting them with a noble or famous ancestor at a price. Last year a New Mexican living in Arizona showed me a beautifully hand-printed and crest-illuminated volume which he obtained for several hundred dollars. The clever compiler of it furnished the heraldic history of some noble house of that par ticular name in Spain, and also of a member 01 the family who came to Mexico City in the Sixteenth Century—all presumably correct. But then he had the cheek to make up a long string of fake ancestors down to this poor man's grand father in New Mexico. The victim now wanted me to check these names with local records, and I had to disillusion him. Still, I could see that he thought I was all wrong, and the “expert" who made such a beautiful volume must be right. It all began with his answering an ad of a Chi cago firm which, because his name was Spanish, referred him to a similar establishment in Mex ico City. xvi in the tedious work of preparing the nmnuscript for the printer. In this connec tion his secretary, Rosita Roybal, and my sister, Nora (lh:'1vo7.,share in this ap preciation. No less grateful am I for the exquisite drawings, to me the best part of this otherwise drab study, from the pen of my friend, J osé Cisneros, of Mexico City and El Paso, whose talents as an illustrator are already known in the world of fine books. To those ladies, young and younger, who worked so hard at gathering pre publication subscriptions, my heartfelt thanks. Foralthough published under the imprint of the Historical Society of New Mexico, this book had to be launched on a subscription basis because the Museum and Historical Society lacked funds from the State Legislature and other sources for this purpose. And here the highest thanks must go to the printer himself who, in the face of a woefully inadequate inflow of needed subscriptions in these days of high printing costs, offered to bring forth the work at his own financial risk, and in no less a superb example of book-making than you see here. Fa. A. C., O.F.M. xvii_ CONTENTS Frontispiece vii ONATE ENTRADABY José Cisneros DEDICATION . ix INTRODUCTION PART ONE: THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY FAMILIES ALPHABETICALLY:Abendaﬁo 1-114 TO Zamorano DEMONSTRATION CHART (Chcivez) PAGE FROM INQUISITION RECORDS, 1626 67 DEMONSTRATIONCHART (Robledo-Romero) 96 PART TWO: THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 116 VARGASENTRADABY José Cisneros FAMILIES ALPHABETICALLY:Abeyta . 119-314 T0 Zamora 130 PAGE/FROM MATRIMONIAL INVESTIGATION, 1716 DEMONSTRATION CHARTS I AND II . 142-143 (Baca) PAGE FROM SANTA FE MARRIAGE REGISTER, 1734 210 PAGE FROM SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO, 1712 237 DEMONSTRATIONCHART (Espaﬁoles-Mexicanos) 248 DEMONSTRATION CHART (French and North-South Spanish) 274 APPENDIX ADDITIONAL FAMILY COUPLES IN CHARTS AND OTHER PERSONS DEMONSTRATIONCHART (Ortiz BIBLIOGRAPHY Clerical) . 315 330 337 ABENDANO SIMON DE ABENDANO, or /lvCndm'io, was the son (or son—in-law) of Juan Lopez Holguin and Catalina de Villanueva. He was born in Ciudad Rodrigo,‘ and was already dead by 1622,when he is mentioned as having been married to Maria Ortiz in Santa Fe; she was also dead at this time.‘ His wife appears to have been a daughter of Cristobal Baca (Vaca) and Ana Ortiz who came with her parents in the same group of the year 1600,where she is listed as Maria de Villanueva.” Their daughter, Maria de Abendafto, mar ried Diego de Vera in 1622,and later became the wife of Antonio de Salas. It seems as though there were no other Abendaﬁo chil dren, the parents having died early. That Si mon had this surname, and his wife had other ones than that of “Baca,” shows how people in those times often harked back to grand parents for their surnames. This practice of ten creates a difficulty in establishing rela tionships. Maria is mentioned as a sister-in law of Maria de Albizu.‘ 1. AGN, l\lnx., Inq., t.-I95 fi'., 89-103: scc BACA. this sec 2. 3. 4. Loc. clt. . Oﬁnte, p. 209; see note 1. B-H. III, p. 183. tion, for difficulties regarding this particular relationship. AGUILAR NICOLAS DE AGUILAR was a native of Yurirapundaro, Michoacén. He was the son of Pedro de Aguilar, deceased, and of Isabel de Villagomez, a native of the same village. His maternal grandparents were Fernando de Villagémez, an original Conquistador of Mi choacén Province, and Luisa Pérez, also born in the same village. When eighteen years old, Nicolas left his widowed mother and went to the northern frontier settlement of Parral, where he worked as a miner and soldier for six years. From here he fled to New Mexico after committing a murder.‘ Aguilar lived in New Mexico for some time prior to 1660,serving as an unscrupulous lac key of Governor Lopez Mendizébal. As Al calde Mayor of the Salinas district he perse cuted the missionaries with devilish fury and humor. The friars referred to him as “At tila.”"’-Finally he was summoned before the Inquisition in Mexico City, where he had to answer for his crimes; found guilty, he was banished from New Mexico for ten years and deprived forever of holding any office.“ On coming to New Mexico he had married Catalina Marquez, daughter of Francisco Marquez and Maria Nunez of Santa Fe. At the time of his trial, between 1660 and 1665, they had four children: Gerénima, Maria, Isabel, and Nicolas.‘ An Ynez de Gracia, liv ing in the Salinas country near Cuarac, was mentioned as being his sister-in-law.“ After this, no more is heard of Aguilar. The family either followed him to New Spain, or stayed in New Mexico under their mother’s name, and with good reason. Ii! * Ii! =i< III * * III Francisco de Aguilar, Sargento, married but without children, was among the New Mex ico people when the Indians rebelled in 1680.“ He was one of the fifty convicts brought to New Mexico in 1677, sentenced to serve as soldiers. Then he is described as thirty-eight {1} O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES years old, the son of Francisco Aguilar and a native of Puebla, s_cntenced to two year.-: of service withoutvpayf He was gone from the exiled colony at Guadalupe del Paso by 1681, 1. AGN, Mcx.. Inq.. t. 512. ft. 85-90. 2. Ilpl(l.. I‘. 113. probably l).'1(~kto l’u(-hla, since he had stayed longer than his term cullul for and \V:lSun der no obligation to remain with the real New Mexico colonists. AGN. Inc. 1-It. H-ll. III, p. 1621. 3. Ct. 'l‘rouI»lous Tlnu-5 for his brief but tclllnsz stny In N:-w Mexico. 7*.‘-‘T~":*“ ll:-nun. I, pp. 1-121,176. 12-11, Ill, pp. .'llT-.".2I. ALBIZU TOMAS DE ALBIZU (Alvizu or Arvizu) is mentioned as early as 1623,when he went to the City of Mexico with a message for the Viceroy. Returning with the 1625wagon-train escort to New Mexico, he was referred to as a captain.‘ In 1632,already an encomendero, he led the soldiers sent to Zuni to avenge the death of Father Letrado.” Religious—hating Governor Eulate reprehended him and an other officer in 1626for singing in the Santa Fe church choir.3 By 1636,he had risen to the rank of sargento mayor, when he gave his age as forty—two.‘His origin, however, is not known. ‘ His wife was Beatriz de Pedraza.‘ The old est Albizus mentioned ‘in the 1680Indian Re bellion, to all appearances their sons, were Felipe and Antonio. Felipe de Albizu, Sargento Mayor, was mar ried, having two grown sons and six small sons and daughters in 1680.“ In 1681 he de clared that he was fifty-two years old and suffering from a stomach ailment. He signed his statement.’ The name of his wife is not known. I A Antonio de Albizu was a captain, and a resi dent of the Rio Abajo district, when he es caped the 1680 Indian massacre.” He Was for ty—threeor forty-five years old in 1681,when he signed a declaration that he was a native of New Mexico and married; he was de scribed as having a good stature, a thick and partly gray beard, chestnut hair, and a lame finger on the right hand.” [2] Antonio’s wife was Gregorio Baca, a daugh ter of Antonio Baca. They had a son, Juan, and also a daughter, Maria, who married Francisco Pérez Granillo in 1681.” The wife and son are ascertained from charts of the Baca and Jorge de Vera families. Juan de Albizu was described in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, single, and as having a good build, a plump face, no beard, and fine, chestnut hair.“ i! * * Bl‘ * * * 1| Two other Albizus described in 1681were: Mateo (Matias) dc Albizu, seventeen years old and single,” and José dc Albizu., twenty—eight years old and married.” Both were born in New Mexico. and looked alike with their good features and chestnut hair. They could well have been the sons of Antonio de Albizu. Two other young Albizus were: Tomris de Albizu, born in New Mexico, twenty—nineyears old and married, but dark complexioned," and another Tomds dc Alhizu, also a native of New Mexico, eighteen years old, single, of good and slender build, with an aquiline face, no beard, and straight hair.” How these two and the preceding pair were related is hard to say. All might have been the children, except the younger Tomas, of Felipe dc Albizu. Other people of this name living in this century were: IN IWar2'.a,dc /llbizu, forty yem-s ()l(l in l(i(3l,‘“ and most likely a dziugliler of old 'l‘on1;'i:~:; mid, in the same period, . Felipe dc /ll.bizu.," perhaps the man of this name previously treated; Juana de Arvizu, wife of Felis de Carvajal, H A(:l, p. 110. . Conlml.. Benavidcs. legs. 725. 7136. 729, Data; UL‘l1.'1\'ltlt'S,1615-1, 1631, p. 301. AGN. Mt-x‘.. lnr|., L 356, 1'. 285. BNM. leg. 1. pp. 470-5011. AGN, Inn. c|t.. t. 372, 1. 14. l'le\'nlt., I, p. 141. Ihl(l.. II, p. 57. lhld., Y-°S‘."$7‘E-":“9-"N I. DD. 69, 79. Ibld., II, pp. 52, 114. '1‘ 11 I‘) S E V 1') N '1' 1'1 IGN '1' ll l(i’.iA1,"‘ per|i:ips L‘ 1'}N TU It Y the :::mie woman: who was a [{l‘.'Hl(l(l.'lll]{lll.l‘I‘of l"r:im-i::i~o (ioiiii-7.;"' and Luisa dc /lIvi:u, wife of Gabriel de Soto, resident of Guadalupe del Paso in l715.'-"' No people of this name returned to New Mexico with Vargas in 1693. 10. 11. 12. 155. 1-]. 15. l)_\l, 1081. No. IL R:-run. H. p. IIKH. ll»ld., pp 6;’), 11-1. lhId., pp. «IT. Ill. “|lll., pp. ."-5!.111. lhi«l., pp. G3. 138. 16. 17. AHN, loc. clt., t. 5387, pp. 362. 375, 386. llilil. 18. 19. 20. ll»i«l., t. 507. p. 281. B-11, III. p. ‘.233. D.\!. 1715, No. 5. ALISO TOMAS DE ALISO, twenty years old, the son of Juan Manso and born in Valle de San Miguel in New Spain, came to New Mexico with the convicts of 1677.He had a good phy sique, a dark, long face, a large forehead, and thick eyebrows, and was sentenced to serve with pay for as long as he wished!‘ He was still in New Mexico when the Pueblos re belled; he was described in 1681 as twenty seven or twenty-nine years of age, a native of San Miguel el Grande, and married in New Mexico.” Not being bound to return to New Mexico proper, he either stayed at Guadalupe del Paso or returned further south to his place of origin. 1. 2. I3—Il. II]. pp. 317, 32-1. Revolt, I, p. 69; II. p. 153. \ ANAYA ALMAZAN FRANCISCO DE ANAYA ALMAZAN was already in New Mexico in 1626 and married to Juana Lopez, daughter of the late Fran cisco Lopez and Maria de Villafuerte.‘ He was born in Mexico City, the son of Pedro de Almazan, who came from Salamanca to the capital city of New Spain. There he was in charge of metals at the royal mint until his death. His mother was Ynez de Anaya, also a native of Salamanca. One brother, Agustin, was an encomendero at the Alondiga in the Valley of Mexico; another was an Augustin ian.priest who died in the Amilpas district of Mexico City; while a third had gone to the Philippines and had not been heard of since. Two sisters of his were Maria de Anaya, mar ried and residing in Mexico City, and Ana Maria de Guzman, wife of Baltasar de Viana of Mexico City and mother of Fray Pedro de Viana, a Dominican.’ In 1642, Francisco and his Rodriguez son in-law were in jail when Governor Rosas was murdered. Francisco served as a prominent captain in New Mexico until his death in 1662 while Alcalde Ordinario of Santa Fe. He was buried in the Santa Fe Parroquia.” His death was at tributed to sorrow when his son, Cristobal, [3] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES was arrested by the Inquisition and taken to Mexico City for trial. Following his death, Governor Peﬁalosa confiscated the tributes of his encomienda at Cuarac, Picuris, and Ciene ga.‘ His wife was Juana Lopez de Villafuerte, daughter of Francisco Lopez of Jerez and Maria de Villafuerte, a native of Quatitlén. She was twenty—three in 1626, and survived her husband.“ Their four children were Cristobal, Fran cisco, Ynez, and Ana Maria de Guzman!‘ Ynez married Alonso Rodriguez, and Ana Maria became the wife of Andrés Lopez Sam brano. Cristébcxl de Anaya was born around the years 1626-1629,having been baptized and confirmed by Fray Alonso Benavides.“ Very much involved in Church—State politics of his time, he was arrested by the Holy Office in 1661for supposedly heretical remarks. Af ter almost four years in prison, during which he stood trial various times, he was lightly punished by taking part in a ceremonial pro cession in Mexico City and in others at San dia on his return. But still he had the bold ness to come back home on,a white horse and wearing a red burnoose to prove, as he said, that the Holy Office had dismissed him with honor.’ Unintimidated by all these experi ences, he continued in his old mocking ways, for as late as 1669 complaints were being made against him by Fray Juan Bernal, a fu ture martyrﬁ Although only thirty-eight in 1663,when he stated that he was a native of Santa Fe but a resident of the Sandia juris diction, he had served as Royal Standard bearer (Alférez Real), Inspector, and Cap tain of Militia. He had started soldiering at the age of eleven.” His wife was Leonor Dominguez de Men doza, daughter of Captain Tomé Dominguez 1. 2. AGN, Mr-x., Inq.. t. 356. 11. 310-314: t. 372. 1. 18. Ibld., t. 582, pp. 80-8-1. 3. Ibld., p. 80; Ortiz Trlnl, ft. 21v, sqq. . 507, pp. 276. 327-328. . 356, I. 310-314; t. 372, 1. 18: t. 582. 119- 80-84: .' 532. pp. 80-34. 85. . 582, exp. 2, contalnlng entlre trlal. . 666. ft. 532 am]. and Elena Ramirez de Mendoza; they had these four children in 1663: Cristobal II, clev en years old; Catalina, eight; Francisco, five; and Maria, two.” In 1680 death fell suddenly on Cristobal, his wife, six children, and four others of his household, when the Santo Domingo Indians pounced on his estancta at Angostura, leaving their naked bodies across the threshold.“ Two of his adult sons are mentioned as being soldiers. When Vargas’ forces came in 1692, a youth was brought to the general who claim ed to be a son of Cristobal, having been a cap tive since 1680; he was placed in the care of his uncle, the Armorer Francisco Lucero de Godoy.” This youth was most likely the Ad jutant Francisco de Anaya. Almazdn who drowned when crossing the Rio del Norte in June, 1694.” A curse, it appears, had decreed that this entire family should perish. Francisco de Anaya II, Captain and Alcalde Mayor of the Tanos pueblos, was married to Geronima Pérez de Bustillo, daughter of Her nando de Hinojos and Beatriz Pérez de Bus tillo. They had two children in 1663: Juana, nine years old, and a boy, five.” After his wife’s death, he married Francisca Domin guez, a sister of his brother’s wife. In 1680 he was in command of a squad which was attacked by the Santa Clara In dians on August 9 or 10. He and five soldiers escaped and subsequently took part in the defense of Santa Fe.” Meanwhile, his wife and children were reported killed, and his son, Francisco, “el mozo,” was slain at Galis teo.” Two years later a‘ captured Indian de posed that he had seen Francisca Dominguez’ nude body out on a field, her head bashed in, and a very small infant dead at her feet." Francisco passed muster in 1680, declaring that the enemy had killed his entire family 9. ll)|d., t. 582. PP. 80-84. 10. lhld.; also 1).“, 1680. No. 1. 11. 12. Revolt. 1. PD. 23. 66. First Expcrlltlon, pp. 130. 134. 13. lhmcrurt. N.\l(), fragment, Vargas Journal. 1-1 15. 16. 17. AGN. Inc. <-.lt.. t. 582, pp. 80-84, 1303-1304; t. 596, PL 2 ; L 507. pp. 28. 348. Ila-volt. I. pp. 5), 16. lhId.. DD. 16. 96-97. D31, 1682, No. 6. IN TIIIC Sl'IVI'iN'l‘l“.l')N'l‘1I CFN'1‘Ul(Y and that he had nothing left.” In 1681he said that he was forty-eight years old, a widower; he was described as having a _medium build, protruding eyes, a thick and partly gray beard, and wavy chestnut hair.” During the 18. Revolt, I, p. 151. 19. lbld, Otermin Campaign of 1681, he declared that he had served years.”" llis lVl:ijr~sty for thirty—ei_r:ht In 1691 he was lVl(l_l/U)'(l()In.()of the Conquistadora Con fraternity,‘-" and in 1693he returned to New Mexico with a third wife. II, pp. 412. 115. 20. 'mm., pp. 319. 33.1. ‘.21. OLC. pp. 8, GD. APODACA DIEGO GONZALEZ DE APODACA, an Alférez, is mentioned in New Mexico as being in prison in October, 1661,and at least until May, 1662, condemned to death for incest with his step-daughters. Their mother was a sister of Captain Andrés Lopez de Gracia.‘ His place of origin is not known. He resided with his wife and family in the Salinas dis trict,’ probably at Tajique. From the mar riage of his son, J osé, we learn that his wife’s name was Sebastiana Lopez de G7-acia.3 Diego was not executed, for he was report ed two years later as staying with his family at a brother—in-law’s house on the Rio del Norte.4 After this period he is not heard of again, having died or left New Mexico prior to 1680,for he does not appear in the Revolt lists. His wife’s antecedents are difficult to un ravel. Apparently, she had been first married to a Montaﬁo; at least this was the surname of her three daughters, Magdalena, Catalina, and Maria Montaﬁo, the probable principals in the incest cases" I Iosé Gonzdlez de Apodaccr, legitimate son of the foregoing couple, and widower of Anto mlaMartin (who died in 1683) married Isabel Gutiérmez on August 12, 1686. He was thirty at the time.“ In 1681he signed the muster-roll at Guadalupe del Paso, stating that he was 54 . AGN. Mex., Tlormn, Pt. 1. 1. 23. t. 3268. 1. 4-18; Ihlil., Inq.. lhld. DM. IGRG. No. 1. :'*‘.“"‘5"f‘S-'-’!" AGN, l\lex., luq., t. 507. Pt. 1. I. 23. Cl. Lopez dc Gmcln and Montana. DM, loc. clt. Revolt, II, pp. 76, 192. L 507. twenty-eight years old and married.’ He was described as a native of New Mexico, of me dium build, with a pock-marked, aquiline face, and straight hair.“ Like other people of the Salinas country, he was proficient in the Indian tongues, and so rendered valuable ser vice as an interpreter during the Otermin Campaign of 1681.”He and his family return ed to New Mexico with the Reconquest. Francisco de Apodaca was a brother of Jose.” He was married to Maria Mmtin, and both returned with their family with Vargas in 1693. Cristobal de Apodcxccxpassed muster with his wife and two children in 1680,“ but there is no mention of him in 1681.His wife’s name was Regina Peralta.” He, if not also his wife, returned with the Reconquest. What relation he was to the other Apodaeas cannot be es tablished. Most likely he was their brother. 314 333 =.’- * * * * ik Juana dc Apodaca, alias Arzatc and Maesc, was the natural daughter of Catalina Mon taﬁo by a Spanish-born father, Domingo [de Arzate]. She was taken captive as a girl in 1680and was rescued twelve years later with a small daughter. Her colorful life and con nections help in establishing several relation ships.” “lll1., pp. 98-99: Ill '8. .~l:ikv. El. 10. lhlrl.. p. his age h('l'C ls f0l'I,\'-(‘l[ZlIl, apparently 11 .'l.’y.‘). Rl‘l.'l1ll>llSll|[\ﬁ oslnlillshed .\l«mlm'm. i\liu-su 1'h:u'l.<. 1|. IK4-wilt, I. p. 139. 1'2. IL“. 1707, No. 2. from 1).“. 1691, No. 1, nnd 13. CI. Monlnﬂo, Mm-ac, Lapel dc Gracln; Rudriuiu-z, Sebas [51 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES ARAGON (See Lopez dc Aragén) ARCHULETA ASENCIO DE ARIECHULETA was one of the Oﬁate soldiers who came in 1598.He was twenty-six years old, the son of Juan de Are chuleta and a native of Eibar in Guipuzcoa. He is described as having a medium build, black beard, and a slight wound on the fore head.‘ At the famous battle of Aeoma, Janu ary 23, 1599, he accidentally shot his bosom partner-in-arms, Lorenzo Salado de Ribade neira.2 In 1603 he escorted four friars from Mexico City to San Gabriel.“ During Gov ernor Pera1ta’s term, 1610-1614,he acted as an ecclesiastical notary and was thus involved in many a fracas which resulted in a strong anti-Peralta faction composed of Archuleta’s relatives, “of whom there were many.”“ Asen cio was dead by 1626, when he was cited as living three or four years previously, and when he was the Syndic of the\Franciscans.” His wife was Ana Pérez cleBustillo, daugh ter of Juan Pérez de Bustillo, and they had a son, Jua-n. One daughter, Maria, was the wife of Captain Juan Marquez; another, Lucia, married Diego de la Serna; a third, unnamed, was the Wife of Matias Lopez del Castillo; a fourth, Gregorio, married Diego de Santa Cruz.“ not encountered his wife's name or identity. Juan’s name, as a Sargento Mayor and cap tain, is on Inscription Rock, dated 1632, and also in 1636.“ Juan de Archuleta II, presumably the son of the preceding Juan, was thirty-eight years old in 1664 and a resident of La Canada. His wife was Maria. Lujrin, a daughter of Juan Lujén.° As a Rio Arriba leader, he was a sort of lackey'to Governor Peﬁalosa.“’ Before this, in 1661,he had acted in the same capacity to Governor Mendizabal." Around this time, or later, he was sent to the bison plains to bring back the Taos Indians, who had fled from their pueblo." Melchor de Archuleta, mentioned in these connections, seems to be the man of this name who had an estancia at La Canada in pre Revolt times.” Hence, he and Juan can be considered as, most probably, the sons and heirs of the first Juan de Archuleta. Considering their respective ages and the time in which they lived, other brothers and sisters of Juan and Melchor were the follow ing: Juan de Archuleta was an outstanding citi zen like His father. (The family dropped the first -e of the name at this early stage.) He, too, was most active as a captain in the politi cal life of the times, especially in the drawn out affair which ended in the assassination of Governor Rosas in 1642. As Rcgidor of New Mexico at the time, he belonged to the anti Rosas faction; on July 21, 1643, he was be headed with some of his political associates and in-laws by Governor Pacheco.’ I have [5] , Francisco de Archuleta-, who married Ber nardina Baca at Guadalupe del Paso, on No vember 29, 1678;” Joscfa de Archulcta, wife of Bartolomé Ro mero III of Santa Fe;"’ and Arm dc A7‘ch.uleta, wife of a certain Du ran.” In the Revolt lists of 1680-1681, only two male Archuletas appear, and both named “Juan de Archuleta." One is twenty or twen '1‘ ll E ty-six years old and inarricil, born in New Mexico, of medium height, with large eyes and long thick hair." The other is nineteen or twenty, born in New Mexico, but single; he is accompanied by a family of twelvc—mo— ther, brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, nephews and nieces. His height runs from 1 tnllish S l". V l-I N 'l‘ l‘? l‘) N 'l' ll (‘ 1') N 'l' U R Y to lll(‘(llLlln, tlll(.‘l{SL‘l.,and he, too, has large eyes and long black hair.” Apparently, these two are first cousins, the older one a son of Juan de Archuleta II, the younger a son of Melchor. They will be dis cussed with other Archuletas who returned with the Vargas Reconquest in 1693. 0ﬁ:I((‘u DD. 187-3. 11. 12. Ianle, 13. 14. 2 Villagrfi. Canto XXVII; Doc. Incd., Vol. XVI, pp. 270-76. 3 AG], (/‘nnl:ul., leg. 70!. Data. 4. Ct. Church and state. pp. 27-40. 5. AGN, Mt-.\‘.. lnq.. t. 356, t. 260. 6. Ihld., t. 372. If. 7, 9. 1]; t. 356. f. 266; t. 587. PP. 317-8. 7 Cf. Church mul State, pp. 127-177;: Orllz Trial, f. 9. 8 Art and Art-lme0lo;:_v, Vol. 34, p. 147. 9. AGN. Inc. clt., 1:. 507, pp. 291-8, 1686. 10. Ibld., p. 457. AGN, l\lox., Tlcrrns, t. 3208. ft’. G37, G60. Dau‘., llist. do Mi-x., p. 125; statement of Fr. Velez Esca ‘I778. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 2. First M-Book. Gum]. (I:-I Pnsn. t. 2'2. Bnndoller Notes. This is the very first Spanish \\'odilim_zat that Mission. 15. AGN. Mex.. 1111]..t. 666. ff. 561-2. 16. Sp. Arch., loc. tit. 17. Revolt, I. p. 157; II. pp. 71, 116. 18. lbid., p. 149; II, pp. 61. 106-7, 129. ARRATIA GASPAR DE ARRATIA was a twenty year-old Alférez, married and living in Santa Fe in 1628.1By 1631 he was dead, his young widow being Maria de los Angeles Martin. She was the daughter of Captain Alonso Martin Barba.’ Francisco de Arratia lived in the following generation. He was one of the Governor's henchmen who violated the honored right of sanctuary by arresting one of the Chaves men in the Santo Domingo Pueblo church in 1663.” Very likely he was the son of Gaspar. nose, ruddy, beardless face, and large eyes.‘ Perhaps he was the son of Francisco. He re turned to New Mexico in 1693. * >l< =|¢ 4| * Ik it I A different Arratia clan was brought from Parral sometime before 1664 by Governor Peﬁalosa. He took Mar1'aBarrios, daughter of Catalina de Arratia, as his public coneubine. She and her relatives who came with her made the Palace of the Governors resound with their wild merrymaking. She bore Pen alosa at least one daughter.“ It is not known if any of these people mixed with the colon ists. Felipe de Arratia is the only one of this name mentioned in the Revolt lists of 1681. He was twenty years old and a native of New Mexico, single, having a tall figure, broad AGN, .‘\[ex.. 11111.,t. 363. I. 6. )hId.. t. 372, exp. 19, 1’. 10. S":"“.'*’.*°!" lhld., t. 507, Pt. 3, f. 346; Pt. 4, f. 479. R1-volt, II, p. 118. AGN, loc. clt., t. 507, pp. 232, 250. 591. AR TEAGA PEDRO DE ARTEAGA was in the wagon train escort to New Mexico in 1658.‘ He and his wife, Josefa de Sandoval, came as settlers during Governor Lopez Mendizébal’s term. He was a native of Mexico City and twenty six "years old in 1661; Josefa was twenty.’ Nothing more is known about them, nor were there any Arteagas left in New Mexico when the Indians rebelled in 1680. A Maria de Sandoval, wife of Cristobal Trujillo," might have been a daughter of Ar teaga. But, more likely, she was related to Ana Manzanares y Sandoval (q.v.). 1. AG]. Contn.d.. Inn. 749. Data. 2. 3. AGN. Mr-1., lnq., t. 587, pp. 361, 375, 387; t. 594, p. 313. DM. 1687, N0. 1. - ll 71 ORIGINS OF NEVV MEXICO FAMILIES AVALO S ANTONIO DE AVALOS (Abalos) first ap pears as superintendent of the Salinas salt Antonio de Avalos, fifteen or nineteen years old, was mentioned as the son of the elder mines in 1660.‘Although born in New Mexico ' Antonio in 1682.” He and a Gerénima. de Her around the year 1630,as he later deposed, he rera were wedding sponsors together in 1694 has no antecedents of this name, unless there at Guadalupe del Paso.“ She was most prob is a connection with Cristobal de Avilcs, of ably his wife, as a brother of his married an Of1ate’s troops.’ In 1680 he is mentioned as Herrera. being married, with eight children.“ The fol lowing year he is described as being fifty years old, a native of New Mexico, of good Juan de Avalos, thirty years old in 1705, is stature, tall and slender, dark, with an aqui then mentioned as Pedro’s brother” and as a line face and crooked nose, and coarse hair.‘ soldier of the Presidio of Guadalupe del In all these depositions he is mentioned as a Paso.” His wife was Josefa d.e PIc2'rera, and captain, and able to sign his name. His wife their daughter Isabel married an Antonio de was the daughter of an Isabel Baca, who was la Pena at Guadalupe del Paso in 1711.“ the Padre’s cook at Tajique in 1662:" From his son’s marriages we learn that her name was Juana Ruiz Cdceres. These sons were as follows. Leonardo de Avalos, twenty—two years old and a native of New Mexico, the son of Cap tain Antonio de Avalos, deceased, and Juana Pedro de Avctlos,residing with his parents Ruiz, married Francisca de Valencia-, on Au at the Real de San Lorenzo in 1681,married gust 25, 1699. He was a soldier of Guadalupe Francisca de Torres on October 12.“He was del Paso at the time.” described in September, 1681,as twenty-four or twenty-five years old, single, with a good build, long, straight face, scant beard, and bushy eyebrows.’ While a soldier at Guada Salvador dc Avalos married Lugarda Tor lupe del Paso he signed as a matrimonial wit res at Guadalupe del I-‘asoin 1718.” Perhaps he was a brother to Pedro, who had also mar ness in 1694and 1695,giving his age as thirty ried a Torres. nine and forty.“ In 1685, Pedro registered a mine in the Fray Cristobal Range, saying Maria de /lvalos, wife of Antonio de Padil that he had discovered it during an entrada la, and both dead by 1718, might well have into New Mexico (Otermin’s 1681Campaign). been a sister of the foregoing men." Part of the stakes he gave to his brother An The Avalos family did not return to New tonio.” Mexico with the Vargas Reconquest. AGN, M4-x., lnq., L 587, p. 171. Oﬁnhn p.191 Revolt, I, p. 43. -Ibld., II, pp. 76. 98. 110. P°.“5-"’f~":‘*.°’!*’§" [3] AGN, lot‘. DM, 1681, R:-volt. II, DM, 1694, 1%., No. pp. No. t. 512, f. 156. 1. 7.‘), 138. 11; 1695. Nil. 15. 9. Np. An-h.. 1, Nu. 1. ltl. .11. H\'.‘!, I011. 1.’. Pl. 3, f. Iilil. H“, IIETH, NH. 1'}. 12. J3. ‘H. lhizl., 170.‘), Nu. 10. IIJIIL, lli$)3, Na. 9. lhitI., 171]. NH. 6. 15. ]hl«|., 13 17. l')llI.. 1718. N0. 1'2. ll)Id., 1718, N0. 2. 1659, I‘Cn_7. '1‘ H l'} S P} V 1') N 'l' .1‘?l’) N 'I‘ ll (T I‘) N T U R Y A’V1LA NICOLAS DE AVILA was one of twelve soldiers recruited at Zaeatecas for New Mex ico in 1633.‘ A Luisa dc Avila and her mother, Juana de Bohérquez, were in the prison of the Holy Office in Mexico City when some New Mexi cans were on trial in 1662-1663.’If New Mex icans, they were very likely the wife and daughter of Nicolas. At any rate, neither they nor their name are heard of again for the re mainder of the century. 1. 2. AG], Conlml., leg. 8~i.'iA. Dnln. AGN, l\l('X., Inq., t. 512, 1. 180. AYALA LUIS DE AYALA came to New Mexico in 1677 as a volunteer guard of the prisoners sent in that year. He was seventeen years old, the son of Luis de Ayala and a native of Mex ico City at San Lorenzo. He had agood phy- _ sique, a fair and ruddy complexion, blue eyes, and a large forehead.‘ He was still in New Mexico when the Indians rebelled in 1680. From Guadalupe del Paso he fled to Casas Grandes in 1681, but returned at the Gov ernor’s call.’ ANTONIO DE AYALA was one of the con victs of 1677,the son of the same, twenty-one years of age and born in Mexico City at San Lorenzo? His description is so much like that of Luis that they might well have been first cousins. He, too, was in New Mexico in 1680. The following year he signed the muster-roll, and was described as being twenty-one years old, married in New Mexico, but without children; a native of Mexico City, he was tall and slim, with a scant beard, long and wavy hair, and a small scar on his right eyebrow. He acted as notary in several proceedings.‘ Neither Ayala returned to New Mexico with the Reconquest. B-H, III. p. 317. Revolt. I, p. 69; II, pp. 155, 187. B-H, loc. ell. :“.°’!°!" Revolt I, pp. 16, 119; II, pp. 38, 106, 144, 146 sqq. BACA CRISTOBAL BACA (Vaca) was one of the captains who came to reinforce the Oﬁate colony in 1600. He was the son of Juan de Vaca, born in Mexico City, of good stature, dark complexioned, well-featured, and thirty three years of age.‘ He brought his wife, three grown daughters, and a small son. His wife was Dofta Ana Ortiz, daughter of Fran cisco Pacheco, also born in Mexico City. The children were Juana dc Zamora, Isa bel [de Boho’rquez], Maria de Villanuevav, and the boy, Antonio, all of them born in Mexico City. With them came a female servant, Ana Verdugo.” Baca’s family was among the few who re mained at San Gabriel when the rest of the colonists deserted; Cristobal himself was very critical of some friars who led the desertionﬁ In 1603 he commanded the escort which brought four new Franciscans from Mexico City.‘ In 1613he was acting as Syndic for the friars.“ After this he disappears from the re [9] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO 3‘AMILII'JS cords, but his descendants begin to fill the were only four adult male Baeas listed: Cris annals of New Mexico. tobal, Ignacio, Mmmcl, and José. Of the three daughters, Juana became the CrislébcxlBaca, just referred to as a nephew wife of Simon Perez de Bustillo, Isabel mar of Antonio Bacti, signed the muster-roll as a ried Don Pedro Duran y Chaves, and Maria was the wife of Simon de Abendaﬁo. The captain, married, with three grown sons and three daughters.‘-" lie was the son-in-law of family name was passed on down by /lntonio Diego de Trujillo, both of whom were perse and a younger brother, Alonso, born in New cuted by the ill-famed Governor, Lopez Men- ' Mexico. (For further speculation on Juana dizabal.” de Zamora, see Montoya, note 4.) His wife was Ana Moreno de Lara, and it seems as though Cristobal was dead by 1687, Antonio Baca was a captain by 1628 and when she and some of their children are men twenty—eight years old, he said, married and tioned. These were the girls: Catalina, Juana, living in Santa Fe.“ He was the main ring and Luisa; and the sons, Jose’, Manuel," and leader in the anti-Rosas faction which caused Ignacio, who must have been the third son this Governor’s death.’ He also was the leader mentioned by his father in the muster-roll. of the people who defied the Governor by Jose and Manuel were mentioned with their barricading themselves with the friars at father in 1682.” Of the daughters, Catalina Santo Domingo Pueblo. His turbulent career married’ Antonio Gallegos, Juana became the ended on July 21, 1643,when he was behead ed with others in Santa Fe.“ wife of Francisco Xavier II, and Luisa ap pears to be the woman of this name who was His wife was Yumar Pérez de Bustillo, for the second wife of Ignacio de Aragén. ty years old in 1631.9She, too, had come to New Mexico as a child with her parents. Of their three known daughters, Gertrudis mar Iosé Baca was described in 1681 as being ried Antonio Jorge, Ana was the wife of seventeen years old, single, and having a ine dium thick-set stature, a beardless face, large Francisco Lopez de Aragén, and Gregoria married Antonio de Albizu. What later Bacas eyes, and chestnut hair.” At Guadalupe del were their sons, if any, cannot as yet be as Paso he married Josefa Pacheco. On July 3, certained. 1687,he got into a fight with his brother-in law, Silvestre Pacheco, who killed him.” He Alonso Bcrccz,a contemporary of Antonio, had a daughter, Juana, who became the wife was to all appearances Antonio’s younger of Nicolas Ortiz III, after the Reconqucst. brother. As a young captain he led a small exploratory expedition three hundred leagues into the eastern plains in 1634. He gave his age as fifty-five in 1644,but must have been a year or two younger.” In the middle of the century, he uncovered a serious Indian plot.“ He was 'one of fourteen conspirators ordered executed by Governor Pacheco in 1643 (when Antonio died),” but all these fourteen es caped death; Alonso was still living at his place in the Rio Abajo district as late as 1662.” Nothing more is known about him, not even his wife’s name. Cristobal Baca, men tioned in 1663 as sobrino carnal of Antonio Baca, was apparently his son.“ * * * * 7'19 =14 * * When the Pueblos rebelled in 1680, there I 10] Manuel Baca: was described in 1681 as twen ty-five years of age, married, with a good, thick-set build, a ruddy face, thick beard, and wavy hair.“ He was a soldier with Ignacio Baca at Guadalupe del Paso in 1684 under Captain Roque Madrid.” His wife was Maria de Salazar (Hurtado), who returned with him and many children in 1693. Ignacio Baca was twenty—four years old in 1681when he signed up as a captain, married, with four small children and twenty ser vants; he was tall and slim, with an aquiline face, fair complexion, wavy red hair, no beard.“ By 1684 he was a Srzrgento Mayor at the Presidio of Guadalupe del Paso.“ As As IN 'I‘lIE SEVENTEENTII sistant Alcrilde oi."the Real de San Lorenzo he arrested Silvestre Pacheco for killing José Baca in 1687, but by October, 1689, he had died.” His family was an ill-fated one. His widow, Juana de Anaya Almazcin, returned to New Mexico in 1693with her two sons, Alonso and Andrés, and five daughters. When the Indians rebelled again in 1696,she was killed at San Ildefonso with Fathers Corvera and Moreno. With her died Alonso, while Andrés was mas sacred at Nambé, thus ending the male line of this family. Two daughters were also killed, Leonor, married to Pedro Sanchez, with a daughter and son of her own. and Rosa, who was still single.“ Of the three surviving girls, Maria had married Tomas Gutiérrez; Geronimo and Margarita, probably living with relatives since childhood, later married Francisco R0 1. Oﬂate, p. 206. — Here Hammond has “Maria de Villa rubia," but to me the manuscript reads more like \'llln.nueva (AGI Patronato, leg. 22, Rama 4, t. 511). This, and the {act t.hat the same source gives Juan Lopez Holguin two daughters, llinriu Ortiz and Ann Ortiz, and his wife as Catalina de \'ili-n. nueva (lbid., 1. 490), poses an unresolved problem. It mixes up this family with that ol Captain Cristobal Baca. whose wire was Ana Ortiz, while one of their grown daughters was Maria de Viiianueva. The two other Baca girls are Juana de Zamora and Isabel, who turns out to be Isabel de Bohorquez. \Vere the H01 guin girls the same women named as the wife and one daugh ter oi Cristobal Baca? (Holguin, by the way, was Captain Baea's sergeant major.) It would seem so from other sources, and from relationships in this book. Yet, what the actual rela tionships were in this Holguin-Baca group remains a mystery. For this reason, the relationship between Simon de Abendafiu and Holguin is left unsolved, and that of Simon's wire, Maria Ortiz. as Baca's daughter, assumed for the present as a work ing hypothesis. 2. lhid., p. 209. 3 4. 5. 6 lh|d., pp. 148 sqq. AG], Contad.. leg. 707. Date. AGN, MCX., Inr|., t. 316. f. 164. Ibld., t. 356, f. 302,’ t. 363. If. 4, 12; t. 372, ff. 3, 4. CENTURY drigucz Caicro and Diego Luccro de Godoy, respectively. 1! in It t It -0- nu The correct spelling of this family name is “Vaca,” but already in the Seventeenth Cen tury “'Baca” had come into common usage, and was the accepted spelling alter the Re Conquest. Although it is derived from “Ca beza de Vaca,” a title and name received by a Spanish hero in the year 1212,“ the full name was never once used by this New Mex ico family for over two centuries. Several Vacas came to the New World shortly after its discovery. Among those in Cortés’ time were Diego de Vaca, a native of Mancilla in Leon, and Luis Vaca, a native of Toledo.” Either of these could have been the father of Juan Vaca, the father of our Cris tébal Baca. ' 7. Ci. Troublmis Times, pp. 127-176; his wife's niece was a principal in the affair, Ortiz Trial, ff. 1-80. 8. 9. 10. Rama 11. 12. lhld., p. 175; AGN. loc. clt., pp. 59-1, 263. AGN, ioe. cit... t. 372, t. 18: t. 350, ff. 253-254. Doc. Hist. dn Mt-x., p. 218; AG], Patrunato. leg. 244, 7, Doc. 16, p. 119. Revolt. II, p. 299. 'l'\_\'it. Coll., No. 2380. copy. 13. ANN, lm‘. cit., t. 512, I. 130. 14. ll»Id.. t. 372, p. "03. 15. Revolt. I, p. 1537, II, p. 197. 16. AGN, ioc. clt., t. 59}, p. 203; ll)ld., Mex. Tlerras, 1. 3263. 17. Sp. /\rch., II. No. 45, murder of Jose. 18. HNM. leg. 2. Pt. 3. 19. Revolt. II, pp. 66, 129-130. 2 . Sp. Areh., inc. rlt. Revolt, Ii, pp. 123, 186. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. IISNM, N0. 2315. Revolt. I. p. 13!); U. PD. 46. 107. HSNM, inc. cit. Sp. Arch., loo. cit. Old Santa Fe, III. pp. 332-373. I-lodge. Spnnl.-ah Explorers. etc., p. 3. AG], Mex. Aud., leg. 106i. Pt. 1. BAR RIOS“ Alvaro de Barrios, son of Luis Gonzalez, twenty-six years old and born in Coimbra, Portugal, was in Oﬁate’s forces of 1598.‘ Francisco de Barrios was a soldier in the 1608wagon-train coming to New Mexico; the name appears again in another escort of the year 1655.’There is no known connection be tween these two men. Nicolas dc Barrios, a native of Tocotitlan, was among the convicts of 1677. He escaped from his guards on the way to New Mexico,‘ on but might have been recaptured, for a man of this name, twenty years old, was a witness at Guadalupe del Paso in 1683.‘ Then there is the Barrios woman and her relatives brought up from Parral by Govern or Peﬁalosa.” These disconnected facts are here recorded in an effort to shed light on this name as it appears after the Reconqucst. (Dilute. D. IRS. /Nil, ('untnd.. legs. 748, 850. Data. B-ii. Ill. pp. 317-324. 1).“. 1683, No. 1. 5":“€-’.”?" See Arratin £11} ORIGINS OF NEVVMEXICO FAMILIES BERNAL FRANCISCO BERNAL came to New Mex ico as a boy in 1598, or else was born at San Gabriel sometime after. He was a brother of Catalina and Maria Bernal, and of Juan Griego the younger, all children of Juan Griego and Catalina Bernal, His wife was Bernardina Moran, who was twenty years old in 1631,the last time either of the two are mentioned.‘ Who their chil dren were cannot be ascertained. Why Fran cisco took his mother’s name, while Juan took his father’s, is not known, unless they were half-brothers. There is a Juan Bernal in the soldier escort of 1608who very likely was the younger Juan Griego.’ Isabel Bernal, another sister of Francisco, married Sebastian Gonzalez; these were the progenitors of the numerous clan that went under the name of Gonzalez Bernal. Marta married Juan Gomez Barragan, Catalina married Juan Duran, and Juana was the wife of Diego de Moraga. The Bernal individuals living at the time of the 1680 Indian Rebellion were descend ants either of Francisco Bernal or of the Ber nal sisters, choosing this appellation instead of their father’s. Catalina Bernal, a widow, extremely poor, who passed muster in 1680 with a family of nine persons, children and grandchildren, was in all likelihood the wi dow of Juan Duran} A Francisco Bernal, single and twenty-two years old, is the only male Bernal listed. He had a family of eight, mother, brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces. He was described as a native of New Mexico, of medium, thick set build, very swarthy, with curly hair, and somewhat bow-legged." Most likely he was a son of the first Francisco Bernal and Bernar dina Moran. Several Bernal folks, mostly women, re turned with the Reconquest. f. 1. -L AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 304, 1:. 187-188; t. 356, 1. 312; t. 372, 2 AGI, Conuul., legs. 707, 8:30. Data. |—l 3 4I Revolt, I. p. 157. mm., 1, p. 151; II. pp. 60. 134. BOHORQUEZ Cristobal Romero de Bohorquez was men tioned in 1625as residing in New Mexico but holding no .encomienda.1 Nothing more is known about him; perhaps he resided in Nu eva Vizcaya. 1. AGE, Contnd. leg. 729, Data. Francisco de Bohérquez was in the escort of the wagon-train of 1640.‘ For Juana de Bohorquez, see Avila. None of these were related to Isabel de Bo hérquez, wife of Don-Pedro Duran y Chaves. 2. lbld., leg. 736. Data. BRITO Cristobal Brito, a sixty-five-year-old Can any Islander, and Juan de Leon, a thirty—year old native of Cadiz, were with Or'1ate’searly troops,‘ but no connection can be found be {12} tween them and certain people of low estate who were natives of New Mexico in 1680 and 1693.Perhaps they were descendants of the Indian slaves which Brito brought along. IN THE SEVEN'l‘l'IEN'l'll CENTURY Juan Brim and his wife, /lnI.oni(L Ursula Durdn, had lived in Santa Fe before the Re bellion.” Also, ' Britos; hence those who returned to New Mexico in 1693 were minor children at that time. Antonio Brito and his wife, Magdalena de Dios.3 The 1680 Revolt lists carry no male 1. omm-. pp. 202, 193. ' 2. DM. 1692, No. 3; 1694. No. 12. 3. mm., 1706, No. 2. PCABINILLAS Juain Velcisquez de Cabinillas (or C«abaniZ Las) was the son of Cristobal de Hidalgo de Cabanillas, a native of Zalamea la Serena, and twenty-four years old when he came in Oﬁate’s army of 1598.He was small in stature and had a chestnut beard.‘ He was one of the soldiers who leaped down from the cliff of Acoma and lived to tell the tale? Isabel de Cabinillas, mentioned in 1631,was the sister-in—law of Maria de los Angeles, daughter of Alonso Martin Barbaf Her hus band was Diego Martin Barba.“ The name does not appear again after this date. Perhaps there is some connection with the Hidalgo family. Oﬁatc, p. 189. Ibid., p. 114. José Veldsquez was a soldier who sought the right of sanctuary in the Santa Fe church in 1613.3 53.55"!‘-’!" AGN, ‘Mt-x., Inq., t. 316, f. 153. Ih|d., L 372, exp. 19. I. 10. Ibld., 1. 7. CADIMO FRANCISCO CADIMO was also an Ofiate soldier of 1598,thirty-six years old, the son of Pedro Cadimo, and a native of Salaices de los Gallegos, having a good stature, black beard, and a freckled face} Two women mentioned in 1631 could well have been his daughters: Franciscal Cadimo, twenty, who was the wife of Geronimo Pa checo, and Ana Cadimo, wife of Alonso Gu tiérrez.’ The name appears again, and for the last time, in 1667. Alonso Cadimo, known mostly as Alonso Romero, and nicknamed “Jola,” lived with his wife at the estancia of Felipe Romero near the Pueblo of Sevilleta. He was a native of Santa Fe, and married to Maria de Tapiaf‘ Alonso apparently died prior to 1680; but his widow, married to Mateo Tru jillo, did return to New Mexico in 1693 with two children: Ana Maria Romero, who mar ried Juan de Villalpando, and Diego Romero, who married Maria de San Jose and thus founded a distinct Romero family. 1. 2. 3 Oﬁntv, p. 189. AGN, Mt-x.. Inq., t. 372, exp. 19. II. 13-15. lbl(I., t. 608, f. 427. [131 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES CAMPUSANO Francisco Campusano does not appear in the 1680-1681lists, but he was living in the Guadalupe del Paso area in 1682 with his wife, Ana de Aragén, a daughter of Captain Francisco Lopez de Aragén and Ana Baca.‘ He gave his age as nineteen in that year.” He does not appear with the Reconquest sol diers and settlers. But two female Campusanos did come up to New Mexico in 1693. These were Micaela Campusano and her sister Magdalena dc Ogama, mother-in—law of a Felipe Padilla of Santa Fe.“ Magdalena cooked the meals for the workmen while they were restoring the ancient chapel of San Miguel in 1710.‘ She was living in Santa Cruz three years later when she gave her age as sixty? 1. AGN, Mex” Inq.. t. 1551, 1!. 375-378. 2. 3. 4. D31, 1682, No. 5. Sn. Arch.. 1, No. 1071. Kubler, pp. 11. 18. Sp. Arch., II, No. 187. 5. CANDELAR IA BLAS DE LA CANDELARIA does not ap pear in any records of the 1680Indian Rebel lion or those prior to it. But among the native New Mexicans in dire need at Corpus Christi de Ysleta in 1684appears “the widow of Blas de la Cande1aria.”1 She was Ana de Sandoval y Manzanares, who returned with her chil dren after the Reconquestﬁ This shows that Blas had died before 1680, and that his sons were minors at that time and, therefore, were not listed among the exiled colonists. 1. AGN, Pmv. Int., t. 37, pp. 100-104. 2. Cl. Sp. Arcl|., I. p. 141. CAR VAJAL (Vitoria Carvajal) JUAN DE VITORIA CARVAJAL (Carbu jal) came as an Alférez under Ofiate in 1598. He was thirty-seven years old, the son of Juan de Carvajal, and a native of the town of Ayotepel in the Marquisate of the Valley, having a medium stature and a chestnut beard.‘ Oﬁate sent him back to New Spain to bring back the reinforcements of 1600.At this time he was a ‘captain, and was described again as before, with the added observation that he was well-featured and had a mark on the right side of the face above the left eye. He was now returning to New Mexico as a member of Of1ate’s war council.“ As Alcalde Ordinario in 1614he was accused of illegally [14] assuming authority in ordering the execution of an Indian assassin while Governor Peralta was in prison.“ He is mentioned in 1622as be ing the Syndic of the Franciscans." He then referred to himself as a married man and a “first founder of this land/"" As Standard bearer for the Holy Office he accompanied Father Perea, head of the church in New Mexico, in a memorable procession which went out from Santa Fe to meet an incoming Governor, Don Francisco Nieto de Silva.“ Carvaja1's wife was Isabel Holguin, daugh ter of Juan Lopez Holguin and Catalina dc Villanueva. She was accused of trafficking in “magic roots” in 1626.’ Their three known 1 T0 sons were, in all likelihood, Agustin, Geroni mo, and Felis. A daughter, whose name is not known, was the wife of Don Fernando Duran y Chaves. Most likely another daugh ter was Magdalena, wife of Domingo Gonza lez. Agustin de Carvczjcxlwas one of the fourteen men ordered executed for sedition by Gov ernor Pacheco in 1643, but he escaped the sentence” with his Chaves brother-in-law and the others. He is mentioned in 1660 as being thirty years old and residing in the jurisdic tion of Galisteo. He had lost his first wife, Maria Marquez, and was now accused of hav ing married a close relative, Estefania Enri quez, nineteen years old.” Agustin was men tioned as a brother-in-law of Don Fernando Duran y Chaves and a brother of Geronimo de Carvajal.” The two brothers had married two Marquez sisters. Widowed again, Agustin had taken a third Wife prior to 1680. She was Damiana Domin guez de Mendoza, widow of Alvaro de Pare des and daughter of old Tomé Dominguez. He was sixty in April of that year, and Damiana was fifty. With them was Dona Ana de Car vajal, fifty-six years old, perhaps the widow of Don Fernando Duran y Chaves.“ That fol lowing August both Agustin and Damiana, with a grown daughter and “another woman” (Ana?), were massacred by the Santo Do mingo Indians at their Angostura home. Two weeks later their bodies were found by the fleeing refugees of Santa Fe, who found no signs of his sons or the rest of the family.” Who these surviving sons were is impossible to say. I Geronimo de Carvajal was a brother of Agustin, as just noted. In 1661 he was re ferred to as being thirty-one years old and the husband of Margarita Marquez.” At this time he was also Alcalde Mayor and Captain of the Tanos in the Galisteo Basin, and also claimed half of the Awatobi encomicnda." His'hacienda was located at “Nuestra Senora 'I‘IIE SEVENTEEN'I‘ll CENTURY de los Remedies de los Ccrrillos,” in the jur isdiction of San Marcos Pueblo. At this time, 1669,he claimed the Sandia jurisdiction as his birthplace.“’ In this connection, his wife was referred to as being twenty-six years of age, a native of Santa Fe, and a daughter of Dofia Bernardina Marquez. In 1656she figured in a scandalous but colorful incident involving Governor Manso, together with the fake bap tism of one infant and the fake burial of an other, so that her child by Manso could be spirited to Mexico City to be reared by his natural father.” Yet by 1669,when Fray Juan Bernal recommended Geronimo as a virtuous and honorable man, he also spoke highly of Margarita." Geronimo must have been dead when the Indians rebelled in 1680, for he does not ap pear in the Revolt lists. But Margarita was still living in 1682, when her daughter, Ana Marquez Carvajal, wife of Don José de Cha ves, attempted to poison her husband with a designedly non-fatal dose.” Another daugh ter seems to have been a Josefa de Carvajal, wife of Cristobal de Velasco at this time; also, a “Dofia Maria Marquez.”1° Their two sons could well have been Antonio and Ambrosio, described further on. Felis de Carvcxicxlis mentioned in 1661-1664 as being twenty-six years old, born in the Estancia of San Nicolas in the Sandia dis trict, and married to Juana de Arvizu.” He had part of the Senecu encomienda, and was referred to as a “noble man, the son of Cap tain Juan de Victoria Carvajal.” His wife might well be the woman of this name who was referred to as a grandchild of Francisco Gomez, the Portuguese. No mention of Felis is found in the 1680 Revolt lists; hence he can be presumed dead by then. However, the journals mention the hacienda of “Luis" de Carvajal on the Rio del Nortef‘ undoubtedly, the refugees (or the transcribers) meant to write “Felis.” Other early Carvajal persons were: Alonso de Carvajal, mentioned in 1663 as [15] I ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES "fulano dc Carvajal,” brothcr—in-lawof Pedro Varcla.“ He was a brother or son of the pre ceding man. He and his wife, Ana Varela, had a son, Juan Antonio, who married a Josefa Martin in 1701; both his parents were re ferred to as deceased.” . Magdalena de Carv-ajal, forty years old in 1631, and wife of Captain Domingo Gonza lez," was most likely the eldest child of Juan de Vitoria Carvajal. Juana de Carvajal, the second wife of Juan Lucero de Godoy, could have been Magda lena’s sister. She died at El Real de San Lo Carvajal. Ambrosio was twenty—five years old in 1681,having a medium stature, a large face, black hair and beard.“ Luis de Carvajal, a minor in 1680, was de scribed in 1682 as a bachelor, twenty-one or twenty-two years of age, a native of New Mexico, of good build and features, with’ black hair and beard, and a long nose.“ He followed Antonio in the muster-roll, whose younger brother he might have been, or else a son of Felis (Luis) de Carvajal. renzo in 1683.25 Nicolas de Carvajal was mentioned merely The Carvajals mentioned in the 1680 Re volt rolls are all relatively young men. Antonio de Carvajal, a native of the Sandia district,“ signed his declaration in 1680as be ing married and accompanied by his wife, mother, and four younger brothers and sis ters.” In 1681he declared himself to be twen ty-three years old and married. He was very sick at the time as a result of falling off a horse. His family, including his mother and other relatives, consisted of thirty-three per sons in all, and was accused by fellow-refu gees of taking more than their share of relief rations. Antonio himself was indicted for profiteering with the Pedro de Chaves clan.“ In the same year he left the exile colony Without permission, and is mentioned in this connection with Pedro Marquez as being a son-in-law of Pedro de Chaves.” Hence, An tonio was not a son of Agustin, but of Geron imo de Carvajal; and it appears as if his fam ily cast their lot with the Pedro de Chaves group and never returned to New Mexico. Ambrosio de Carvajal distinguished himself in the flight south from Santa Fe by captur ing a Tewa Indian for interrogation, August 23, 1680.“ In 1681he signed the muster-roll as a bachelor accompanied by his mother and three grown sisters.“ This would tie him in with Antonio, just treated. The fact of his knowing the San Marcos Pueblo area so well also suggests his being a son of Geronimo de [15] as a bachelor, twenty-one years old, in 1681.3‘ That his Christian name derived from the es tancia of San Nicolas suggests his being a son of Felis de Carvajal. Few Carvajal people returned with the Re conquest in 1693 and, except for Juan Anto nio, son of Alonso, none can be connected ‘with their ancestors. Nor do they play a ma jor role in later times as did the Carvajals of the Seventeenth Century. II * =1! it It =F 1% I There was another Juan de Vitoria Carva jal with Oﬁate’s forces. He is generally re ferred to as “Juan de Vitoria,” and was en tered in the Casco muster-roll, on February 17, 1597, as a native of Mexico City and the son of Alonso Ruiz,“ but does not appear in the 1598 or 1600 Oﬁate lists. However, he did arrive in New Mexico, for in 1609 he was in Governor Peralta’s escort,” and again in 1613, identified once more" as the son of Alonso Ruiz de Gusman.-”” He is last mentioned in 1617as an Alférez thirty-six years old, and in the company of Captain Juan de Vitoria Car vajal, fifty-five years of age.” These two men were most probably closely related, but what part the younger man played as a Colonist and progenitor cannot be ascertained. The Carvajal individuals who first came to the New World were above the average in es IN THE SEVF.N'l‘El'IN'I‘ll CENTURY tate. The genealogy of a Luis Maria de Carva jal in New Spain was linked with that of Ofiate. Among the Cortes Conquistadores was an Antonio de Carvajal, a native of Zamora, who could have been the grandlaither of Juan de Vitoria Carvajal.‘“’ Oﬁnle. p. 189. 21. Revolt, II, p. 255. AGN, loc. cit., t. 507, Pt. 5, I. 575. lb|d., p. 205. Church and State. p. 36. AGN, Me.\'., lnq., t. 485, I. 61. 22. 23. 24. l|)ld., L 336, I. 302. lhld., S59°r‘S7’$":“9’!-"E" 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.' 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. t. 15711,exp. .19, ft. 3-14. l|)ld., L Ilﬁli. I. 310. Twit. Culh, No. 280. ‘ AGN. Inc. (-M., t. 587. PD. 305. 321—322. 386-388, 457-459. lhld., p. 316; t. 507, pp. 39-42; t. 608, 1. 433. D31, 1680, No. 1. Revolt, I. pp. 23, 66. AGN, loc. clt., t. 587, DD. 247, 361-362, 375-386. Il)hl., Ibid., Ibld., Ibld., Ihld., BNM. AGN, 2.’). 26. ‘J7. 28. Tlerras. t. 3268. p. 307. Mex” Inq., t. 666, If. 559-563; t. 507, pp. 409-415. t. 507, pp. 39-42. t. 666. it. 532-533. t. 1551, t. 382. leg. 2, Pt. 3, ft. 290-291. loc. clt., t. 507, p. 281. DM. 1701. No. 1. l.(iN, Inc. ('10., t. 372. 1'. 8. DM, 1688, Nu. 1. ANN, lnr. ML. 1. SS7, 1. 51. llvvull, I, pp. 37, 1-18. lhI¢l., II, pp. 511, 150. 162, 150. ' 29. I!l\'.\l. leg, 2, Pl. 3, II. 354-357. 30. ll:-volt, I, p. 20. 31. lbld., II, pp. 54, 150. 32. I|)ld., p. 118. 33. Ihld., p. 139. 34. lhld.. p. 78. 35. AGI, .\I¢=x., Aud., leg. 25, Pt. 1. 3G. lhld., Contn.d.. leg. 711. Dnlu. 37. Ihid.. Inc. clt., leg. 716. Data. 38. AGN, i\Inx., Inq.. t. 316. f. 175: t. 318. 3!). Pt. AGI, 1064. 1. Mex., Aud.. leg. 72, list-title 148:1; leg. 227: leg. CASAU S DON ROQUE DE CASAUS first came north from Mexico City as a soldier in the wagon-train escort of 1625. He brought his wife and children with the intention of re siding in the new settlement of “N. S. de Piedad de Cerra1bo,”‘ which was not in New Mexico proper. However, in 1629 he was the leader of another escort that reached Santa Fe; here his name was given as Don Roque Medén de Casaus.” By 1626he was a resident of Santa Fe and a captain. His wife’s name was Doria Isabel de Lujcinx‘ He was an evil counselor of Gov ernor Rosas.‘ The last mention of Casaus was made in February, 1639,when he was a mem ber of the Santa Fe council? No other Casaus persons are mentioned in the Seventeenth Century, nor are there any descendants found in the 1680lists or after. The name is not to be confused with that of the Casados family of the Reconquest. AG], Conlnd., leg. 729, Data. Ib|d., leg. 731. Data. BNM, leg. 1, Pt. 1. PD. 470-501. T-"'."*.°’!~’!" AGI. Patronato. leg. 244, Rama 7, doc. 22. p. 161. 13-1-1, III, p. 57. CASTI LLO (See Lo’p-ezdel Castillo) . CEDILLO (See Sedillo) [17] M4988 I18CG/MP0 PEDRO DURAN y CHAVES—Isabel de Bohorques Baca S4799"-30 I —(Maria)de Carrvajal . M0901’ l FERNANDO DURAN .y CHAVES l -AGUSTIN D. 3' CHAVES CRISTOBAL D. y CHAVES — Catalina Dominguez de Mendoza I PEDRO DURAN y CHAVES II —-Elena DomI’rLgu.ezde .'-lendoza Sargento Mayor Fl.-3RNANDO‘DURPiNy CHAVES III-- Elena Ruiz Czfceres _ , _ _ I , Cap1'ta"n Capztan Sebastian Martin Serrano— MAR/A LUJAN (CHAVESJ Margarita Martin Juan Padilla I 7 V PEDRO A. CHAVES Catalina Baca _ J°"f‘1 “bad” Manuel Rrbera a JULIAN CHAVES Maria Luz Garcia ' [Rm Simm -7059 Marla A131’! na I Capita'n Juana Montoya Am id 0 ores Célonel "USA Manuela r ' V B.:.-';ara .‘._’:-.:c~.3 Lugarda Tafoya Paulin Baca _ Manuel L'.:CEl’(; " ’ Pablo Em _ Mam“ “Cm - ' -I ' ~, JOSE CHAVES I H J?,?]:,?':SGBc:E.:b EUGEN1o;_cHAv1«:z _. Nicano,-,1Bum Nicolasa Roybal ra. Aucéuco CHAVEZ ROMUALDOE. cIIA’vI:z Major AUS — NGUS Sergeant NG — AUS LL_'CK~l 53".’.-IVES Miguel ..Z:r.toya Aqustina Silva lsedm mm ' LJOSBET1Vé‘:§g£IlC5I$.’§1VEzj Encanwcwn Luna Romua do Roybal—l-Monica Gonzalez trade-0 Romero Marta ma Torres JOSE CHAVES I Montaﬁo r Desiderio Roybal Juam gum 4 1 CRIs;l‘0BAL CHAVES GERTRUDIS CHAVES Maria Josefa Niiriez ANTONIA CHAVES F1‘3nCl5C0SHVB Isabel Afmiio Mariano Torres [FRANC sco A cHAvI:s] Tmbio Luna -Vicenta Labadia J FRANCISCO de c:—:Av.-cs Juana Montarir) OSE MARIANO CHAVBS —Manuela Romero | MANUE_rl A CRAVE , NICOLAS de CHAVES Antonia Bum I CUADALUPE CH.flVES GERTRUDIS CHAVES Jose D. de Armuo Miguel Gabalddn I Juana Maria Gabaldo'n' 059'Enrique Luna O DURKN y CHAVES II —- Lucia Hurtado dc Salazar ANTONIO de CHAVES . Juana Silva ——DIEGO ANTONIO CHAVES 5 : V [TOMAS .BAcA'CHAVEs] Guadalupe Pablo Labadia Ma _ . I PEDRO de CHAVES | Micaela Padilla Domingo Labadia Rib?” Caplta'n I-‘ERNA FABIANICHKVEZ MARI‘/1-CONSUELOcHA'V£z Ensign, USNR FRANCISCO EUGENIO cn.a1vE'z Sergeant AUS FABIAN cIIAvEz, JR. Corporal USA ANTONIO E. cmivzz Corporal USMC CHAVEZ CHART—-Thisand succeeding diagrams, built around one and the same family, for which facts were at hand, are designed to demonstrate different aspects of New Mexican descent and inter-relationship. They are applicable to any old New Mexico family, though in an infinite variety of combinations. This is a plural name-ancestor chart, in which at least six Chévez lines descend to a single family, over and above the one transmitting the name. For curiosi ty’s sake a military twist is added, to include known military figures who descend from the first known resident “Field Commander” of all colonial troops in New Mexico. The bottom line shows, too, how one single family, typical of so many large families in New Mexico, has contributed to the national defense in our time. Jose’ A. c:—I.-'v£z ‘Sergeant US IN THE SEVEN’l‘El!)N'l‘Il CENTURY CHAVEZ (Duran y Chaves) DON PEDRO (GOMEZ) DURAN Y CHA famous citizen is Don Luis Zapata de Chaves VES, progenitor of the numerous Chavez (1526-1594), a Knight of Santiago who was family of New Mexico, finds first mention once imprisoned as unworthy of his knight under this name in 1613when as a captain he hood for being a Don Juan; he wrote a fa was sent to Taos Pueblo to collect the Gov mous historical poem, Don. Carlos Famoso, on ernor’s tribute.‘ By 1626 he was Maese de the deeds of Charles V, which Cervantes did Campo, or Commanding General, of all royal not consider very highly as literature.’ Part troops in New Mexico, when he testified that of this poem, describing the origin of the he was sixty years old, a native of Llerena, Chaves name and crest, together with a gold and one of the founders of the Villa of Santa signet bearing the family coat-of-arms, was Fe.” In February, 1610, the year Santa Fe is inherited by Colonel Manuel A. Chaves, but believed to have been founded by Governor everything has been lost.“Since the first New Peralta, he was down at the Port of Acapul Mexico Chaves was always addressed as a co, taxing the cargo of a ship being fitted for “Don,” and he brought along a quotation of a Philippine voyage; the ship's Admiral, Ze Don Carlos Famoso, what was he to the noble vallos, did not make the voyage, but succeed poet, a close relative?) ed Peralta as Governor in 1614.3Hence, Cha ves must have reached New Mexico later in The wife of Don Pedro Duran y Chaves that year, 1610,for the founding of Santa Fe was Doﬁa Isabel de Bohérquez, who was forty years old “more or less” in 1626, and knew This, apparently, was not his first trip to New Mexico, for other data identify him as the how to write, She had a sister, Juana.” She Sargento, Pedro Gomez Duran, of Of1ate’s owned an hacienda at a place called Arroyo troops of 1600.‘ Here he was described as a del Tunque in the vicinity of San Felipe Pu eblo, where a mulatto servant of Chaves had well-built man of good features, “fifty” years old, the legitimate son of Hernan Sanchez married a San Felipe woman.” Don Pedro Rico, and born in Valverde in the jurisdiction was a brother-in-law of Antonio Baca;“ hence Isabel was really a Baca, one of the of the Grand Master of Santiago.-‘ In 1602 he signed a petition to the Viceroy, asking that three girls mentioned with their parents in the infant colony be made a full “Reptiblica” 1600. She was, perhaps, a second wife of his, but his first in New Mexico, since she was with a “Capital,” and that large grants be made to the supplicantsf’ some twenty years younger. A Sargento in 1600, a Capitcin by 1613, a (Valverde de Llerena is a village some ten miles east of the city of Llerena in Estrema dura, once famous as the headquarters of the Grand Master of the Order of Santiago. In June, 1952,I visited these places and exam ined the parish books. The sixteenth-century registers have been lost, but the seventeenth century volume was full of the names, Cha ves, Sanchez, Gém-ez,Duran, and Rico, in va rious combinations. Half of the population of Valverde is still named Chaves (and Chri vez,), and practically all of the folks in the neighboring hamlet of Verlanga.——Llerena’s Sargento Mayor (major) by 1623“during the Jémez Campaign/'11’ Don Pedro had become over-all commander by 1626. How long he lived after this is not known. As a faithful executor of Governor Eulate’s orders, he in curred the enmity of the Mission friars, sev eral of whom berated him in writing, in 1621 and 1626,for impeding the Mission program.” His known children were Fernando, Pedro II, and, most likely, a daughter Isabel, wife of Juan Dominguez de Mendoza. Don Femcmdo Durdn y Chaves, the “eldest son of his father,” and named presumably af [191 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES ter his grandfather, llernzin, inherited Don Pedro’s encomienda and lost it later during a political fracas,” during the termof Govern or Pacheco. He is first mentioned in contem porary documents of 1638 when, as Lieuten ant Governor of the Sandia or Rio Abajo jun isdiction, he testified that he had accompa nied Governor Rosas in an expedition to the Apotlapihuas.” Testifying many years later, in 1660, he gave his age as forty-three,‘° so that, if born in 1617,he was the son of Isabel de Bohorquez; nevertheless, he was older than his brother Pedro II. In 1644,August 17, he had testified that he was born in New Mexico and was thirty-five years old. His brother Pedro was thirty-three?“ His land holdings, as can be inferred from those of his heirs, were those inherited from his father in the Sandia jurisdiction, from the boundaries of San Felipe Pueblo down through Bernalillo to Atrisco. His wife was a Carvajal, a sister of Agustin de Carvajal. Their known children were Agustin, Cristo bal, and Fernando II. Don Agustin Durém y Chaves is first men tioned when he accompanied Don Fernando in escorting Governor Guzman from Mexico City to Santa Fe.” For reasons unknown he went to Parral in 1665and never returned.“ A later Fernando, of Taos, seems to have been his son. Don Fernando was embroiled in two major political crises, the first around the year 1640, and the second around 1660.The first was the Don Cristobal Durérn y Chaves was impris Governor Rosas affair when he testified oned with his father and his uncle Pedro in against him in favor of the friars, being a 1663.Still single in that year, he gave his age captain at the time." He got into Governor as twenty—four,stating that he was a resident Pacheco’s good graces by attending the exe of the Sandia district."-7In the following year cution of eight conspirators in Santa Fe, July he said that he was twenty-five, still at San 21, 1643, and was appointed an Alcalde by. dia, and married to Cat-alina Dominguez d.e him; but when Pacheco turned against the Mendoza,” who was a daughter of Tomé Do friars, he took the friars’ part.“ Pacheco then minguez II and Catalina Lopez Mederos.'~”'In condemned him and thirteen others to be ex 1667 he pulled out a dagger on a friar for writing satires on certain New Mexicans.” As ecuted for sedition. It seems that he escaped execution by fleeing from New Mexico, thus he does not appear in the 1680lists, it is pre losing his encomienda.‘-" For in 1646, he and sumed that he was dead or had left New Mexico. his son, Don Agustin de Chaves, were in the soldier-escort that brought a new governor, The two later men called Fernando Durdn Don Luis de Guzman, from Mexico City to y Chaves, the Sargento Mayor and the Capi Santa Fe.” The next major issue, in 1660and tdn, were too old in 1680 to have been his sons, after, and for the same reasons, took place under the tenures of Governors Lopez Mendi zabal and Peﬁalosa. At this time he was a Don Fernando Duréin y Chaves H, the Capi Sargento Mayor.“ The crowning incident took tcin, was, to all appearances, the third son of place in August, 1663,when Penalosa violated Don Fernando and his heir in New Mexico.~‘°“ the right of sanctuary by removing Fernan He was mentioned as an Alférez and “youth do’s brother Pedro from the Mission at Santo of good repute” by Father Bernal in 1670.“ A Domingo Pueblo, and subsequently imprison captain by 1680,he fled the Indian Rebellion ed him in the Palace of the Governors with with the Rio Abajo people, but was the only Fernando and the latter’s son Cristobal.“ He one among the leaders who voted to turn died some years after, for in April, 1669,he is back and help the Santa Fe colonists." Un referred to as recently deceased." He might like the rest of the Chavcs family, his uncle have died in an Indian expedition he led in Pedro's family, and his first cousin Fernando, 1668.“ the Sargento Mayor of Taos, he did not try to [20] '1‘ ll E impede the resettlement ol"New Mexico, nor did he ask to return to New Spain.“-" He passed muster in September, 1680, as a mar Sl'2VICN'l‘EF.N’I‘lI CENTURY guez."’ In l(i8(),his family joined the ltio Aha jo settlers in their flight to Guadalupe del Paso. He gave his age as seventy, declaring a ried man with four small children and two son already bcarin_s;arms, ten minor children, servants, and was described in 1681 as a set and thirty servants.” In 1681 he complained tler willing to return, thirty years old, mar of his poverty, the fact of having served the ried, and having a good stature with a fair King without salary or an encomienda, boast and ruddy complexion.“ He must have been ing that his grandparents [the Bacas] had somewhat older than this, for he later testi been among “the first conquistadores and fied at Guadalupe del Paso that he had wit pacifiers” of the Kingdom, and that his father nessed the beheading of eight men in 1643.35 [Don Pedro I] and “those others ended their Or else, chary of signing a paper against the lives there in the royal service.”“ But the Governor, he was referring to his father’s ex other refugees contradicted him by proving perience in that year. that he had not only deprived some families His wife, as learned from post-Reconquest of their rations by taking an undue share, but sources, was Lucia Hurtado de Salas, who was also profiteering in stock and textiles; fled with him and their four little children they agreed that his forebears had done great in 1680.They returned with a much increased things, but that he himself had been a mili family in 1693. This is the most important tary slacker as_well as a commercial profiteer Chaves family, being the only one to return all his life.“ In the years following, he secret with Vargas, and is thus the parent stem of ly did his best to impede the return of the succeeding generations in New Mexico. colonists for the reconquest and resettlement of New Mexico“, and finally the intermarried * * * it * * * #1 families of Pedro de Chaves and Tomé Do Don Pedro Durémy Chaves II was the second minguez were allowed to leave the Guada son of the original Chaves and younger bro lupe del Paso district and move south into ther of Don Fernando I. Still much alive in New Spain.“ This is how the greater portion 1680,he gave his age as seventy. Those who of the Chaves family failed to repopulate testified against him at Guadalupe del Paso New Mexico after the Reconquest; however, for taking an undue share of the refugees’ ra they are the progenitors of old families of tions deposed that in 1637 he was still a boy this name in what is now northern Mexico. in his mother’s care, which also shows that * * 4: it * =1! fl! * his father was dead by this time.“ But by 1642he was already married. As a youth he Don Fernando Durém y Chaves, Sargento Vwent on three campaigns, one of them with Mayor, has been confused by historians in the his uncle, Antonio Baca.“ In the Governor past with the Captain of the same name, who Rosas affair, he was one of the four masked was, to all appearances, a first cousin. This men who accompanied the assassin, Nicolas one resided in Taos valley in<1680,when the Indians massacred his wife and three chil Ortiz,” and for this complicity he was later banished from New Mexico by Governor dren. He and a grown son, Cristobal, were Guzman.” His arrest, not a political one but away from home on that fateful day; on re over a question of livestock, in the Santo Do turning that evening to find everything lost, mingo Church, has just been cited, at which they made their way to Santa Fe and found time he held the rank of Sargento Mayor.“ that city besieged by the Indians, so they continued on south and caught up with the His estancia lay four leagues north of Isleta Rio Abajo refugees, to bring the first news of Pueblo on the Rio del Norte.“ In 1667he gave Santa Fe’s resistance to the rebel Pueblos.” his age as forty, giving Santa Fe as his birth Fernando was described in 1681 as a wi place. His wife was Elena Dominguez de Men doza, the daughter of Captain Tomé Domin dower, thirty-four years old, tall, thin, of [21] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES good features, and having a thick black beard. lie war; a first cousin of Pedro Varela. Ile was His son Crislrilml was entered on the muster perhaps a son of Don Pedro ll, siding with roll with him.‘“’Down in Guadalupe del Paso him and the Dominguez clan against return he sided with his uncle Pedro and the Do ing to New Mexico. minguez de Mendoza clan. He even fled to Don Juan Durdn y Chaves was eighteen Mexico City with his son to make a complaint years old in 1681, described as having a good before the Viceroy in their na1ne.”“He had a body, fair complexion, a ruddy pockmarked sister, Maria de Chaves, who was the wife of face, with red and curly hair?’ He was the Bernabé Marquez.“ His wife, murdered at one who drank the poison meant for José de Taos, was Elena Ruiz Cdoeres, as we learn Chaves, and was a brother of Maria de Cha from two daughters of his who as little girls ves,-"Sand therefore also of Fernando, the escaped the massacre of 1680; possibly, they Sargento Mayor of Taos. In 1682 Juan killed were captured by the Taos Indians and were a certain Diego Dom1'nguez,"”and this is the rescued in 1692,or else they were with their last we hear of him. mother’s relatives who escaped. One of these Don Tomds Durdn y Chaves, nineteen years was Maria who became the wife of Sebastian old in 1681,and married in this year, declared Martin Serrano, and the other was Josefa, that he could not take part in the Otermin who married Antonio de Cisneros_ But Fer Expedition because he had no one with whom nando and young Cristobal never returned to to leave his wife and livestock; yet at the New Mexico; yet his name remained in the same time he was trafficking in cattle and valley of Taos in the “Rio de Don Fernando,” other trade with old Don Pedro de Chaves and the lands which “Don Fernando de Cha and others.” His excuses and actions show ves” owned at present Ranchos de Taos be him to be the “son bearing arms” which Don fore 1680.“ By elimination, he can be pre Pedro mentioned in 1680. sumed to be the son of Agustin de Chaves. These are all the Chaves men listed in the Cristobal de Chaves, son of the above Fer 1680-81muster-rolls. As previously stated, nando, was mentioned in 1680-81 as having they moved to what are now the northern escaped from Taos with his father; he was States of Mexico, some of them perhaps fur ther south. sixteen or seventeen years old, single, tall and swarthy, with a mole on the right 5.1 * 3k 3|! * * * III cheek.“ Three years after the Reconquest, in Others of the name who figured in the ini 1695,he was stationed at Cuquiasachi in the tial years of New Mexico’s colonial history, frontier of Sonora.“ but who left no trace, were Diego Ntiiiez de Chaves and Alonso de Chaves. The first was Other Chaves people of the younger gener an Alférez, native of Guadalcanal (in Estre ation who appear in the 1680-81Revolt lists, madura near Llerena), who came in 1598and were members of the Pedro de Chaves clan was killed at the famous battle of Acoma.“ and faction who did not return to New Mex He could have been related to Don Pedro de ico with the’Reconquest. Chaves. His wife was a daughter of the Con Don José Durcin y Chaves had his wife, a tador Sanchez of the same Expedition, all of child, and ten servants. He was described as whom returned to New Spain.—Alonso de being twenty-six years of age, married, and Chaves was one of the loyal soldiers who did having a good stature, a thin aquiline face, a not desert the colony in 1601, but he is not thick beard, and half—closedeyes.“ His wife heard of again. He is most probably Alonso was Ana Marquez Carvajal, daughter of Mar Sanchez, Or'1ate’streasurer and father-in-law garita Marquez. His wife tried to poison him of Diego Nunez dc Chaves.“ at El Real de San Lorenzo in 1682, but an .other Chaves by the name of Juan took the The name of Cha-ves (Latin, clavis: plural, non—fatalpotion by mistake and became ill.“ clarves) is the old Spanish and Portuguese [22] I N word for “Keys.” As related by the poet Za pata de Chaves, it was first given to two Ruiz brothers who were knighted for wresting the Portuguese town of Chaves from the Moors in the year 1160;its coat-of-arms of five keys was also bestowed on them. The origin and development of the name, as well as of the family of New Mexico, was treated by me in an article, “Don Fernando Duran y Chavez.” Some suppositions made in it are confirmed or corrected in this present writing.” The correct spelling of the name is “Cha ves,” for it is not a patronym to merit the fi nal “z” like most Spanish names of this end ing. But all of Latin America, Portugal, and in some instances in Spain, the “z” ending is used. On a couple of occasions others inverted THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY the name as “Chaves y l)ur;'m,” but this was their error; nor was this family related to the one known simply as “Duran.” A curious fact regarding the New Mexico family is that the title of “Don” was used for all of them during the seventeenth century, when the prefix was otherwise applied only to the Governor. Not even the more promi nent Gomez Robledo and Dominguez de Men doza men were accorded this title of nobility. The signatures of Don Pedro and the two succeeding Don Fernandos also bear the pre fix.“ After the Reconquest the title of Don was applied to all landholders and magistrates and, by the Nineteenth Century, to almost any man reaching old age. 1. AGN, Mex., lnq., t. 316, I. 152. 2. lbld, t. 356, I. 268. 3. A61, Contad., legs. 713, 720, Data. Revolt. I. p. 79. Ihld.. II, pp. 25-6, 391. lbld.. p. 141; Sp. A|'(‘lI., II. No. 5. AASF. Sp. Period, No. 5, I. 2. Revolt. II, p. 166. 4. See Don Fernanda I). y Chaves, 18th-century section, and youngest son, Pedro Gomez Durzin. 5. Oﬁute, p. 202; AG}. Patronuto, t. 22, pt. 5, doc. 3, 1. 503. 6. AG]. Mex., Aud., leg. 121, No. 165. 7. Cejador, Julio, Hlstorla de la Lengua y Lltcratura Cas tellnna, t. III, p. 90; Ferlus y Flestns en Ll:-rena, Llerena (Ba dejoz), 1947, pp. 2, 3. 8. NMHR, Vol. VI, No. 1. pp. 101-4. 9. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 356, I. 301. 10. Ibld.. t. 372, exp. 19, f. 17. 11. Ihld., t. 356, t. 302. 12. Ibld., I. 266. 13. 1bld., ft. 266, 285-7, 290. 14. Revolt, II, p. 66. 15. AGN, luc. clt., t. 385, ff. 8-9. 16. Ibld., t. 666, f. 533. 16a. AG], Patronato; leg. 244, Rzlmo 7. pp. 86, 92, 102. 17. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 385, it. 8-9; t. 425, 1. 611. 18. Ct. Ch. and State, pp. 175-85. 19. Twlt. Coll., No. 280; Revolt II, pp. 148, 166. 20. A61, Contad., leg. 740, Data. 21. AGN, loc. clt., t. 507, pp. -15-6, 85-6, 126, 744. 22. Il)ld., t. 507, pt. 2, t. 361v. 23. Ihld., t. 666, f. 533. 24. B-H, III, p. 279. 25. AGI. loc. clt. 26. AGN, loo. clt., t. 608. 1'. 420; t. 666. f. 552. 27. Ibld., t. 507. pt. 2. ft. 134, 232, 271-2, 784. 28. 1hld.. p. 239. 29. Dominguez-Chaves charts. 30. AGN. Mt-x.. Inq., t. 610, ff. 123-4. 30a. Chaves charts and fact or lnherltlng Sandla lands. 31. ER, III. pp. 278-9. Ihld. Ch. and State, p. 162. Revolt, loc. clt. 43. AGN, Inc. cIt.. t. 507, pt. 4, H. 361, 479. lbId., t. 595, t. 272: t. 529, 1'. 558. lbld.. t. 608, ff. 38-1. 379: t. 507, pt. 5, f. 576. Revolt, I. pp. 67-8. 75. 169, 142. Ihld., II, pp. 22. 52, 148. Ihld., pp. 162-80. IhId., p. 399. BNM, leg. 2, pt. 3. fl’. 354-7. Revolt, I. IMd.. II, . BNM, leg. 2, pt. 3, ft. 267, 275, 283, 290, 357-8. lblrl.. 1. 290. Sp. Arch., I, No. 2-10: Cf. Solinsllﬂn Marlin Serrano and Cm-Ins Fon1.’Indt-z, next century. 53. Revolt. I, p. 152; II, pp. 71, 108. 54 AG], Giindnlnjnrn. I02. 151, pt. 6. f. 1. R('\'0|f. I. pp. 140, 176: II, pp. 40. 130. 318. AG-N, I\lrx., Inq.. t. 1551, ft. 379-83. R:-volt. II. p. 139. AGN. Inc. rlt., fl’. 379-81. Ihld., f. 382. Revolt, II. pp. 53. Oﬁntn, pp. 114, 1510150. 162-6. 176. lhlll.. PD. 147m, 117, 145-6. 150. El l’nlm'ln, Val. 55. No. 4, pp. 103-21. . AGN, .\l«-x., lnq.. t. 356. f. 268: t. 385, exp. 15, f. 9: lhld..Arch.. Tl:-rrns, t. 51]. Sn. II, No. 120.series No. 4-186; BNM, leg. 2, pt. 3. 1'. 397; CRUZ (Cruz Catalzin) JUAN de la CRUZ, also known as Juan Catalan because he was from Cataluﬁa, came with the Oﬁate forces in 1598.He is described then as being thirty-two years old, a native of Barcelona, the son of Antonio de la Cruz, having a bright reddish beard and a wounded right arm.‘ He was in the wagon-train escort of 1613 between Mexico City and Santa Fe,’ and by 1631 he held the rank of Alfércz. his wife being a Beatriz de los An_qcles,~‘a native of the valley of Mexico who figured in sev eral instances concerning witchcraft.‘ She [23] ORIGINS OF N.EW MEXICO FAMILIES appears to be the woman of this name who came in 1700 as a servant of Cristobal de Briton‘ Their two known children were Pedro and Juana, who married Juan Griego II. Pedro de la Cruz was twenty-four years of age in 1632 and serving as a soldier.“ In 1660 he stated that he was fifty years old; his wife was Bernardina Morcin.The fact that he was an uncle of Maria de la Cruz Alemén, daugh ter of Juan Griego II and Juana de la Cruz, shows that he was the son of Juan de la Cruz.’ His residence was at La Cafiada, still standing after the Reconquestf but he was already dead by 1680as his name does not ap pear on the Revolt lists. There are no individuals of this name in the 1680-81muster-rolls, hence any male de scendants of this family were minors at the time. Post—Reconquest records, however, show that there were several women, and also some male minors, who escaped the In dian -massacre. One individual of this name who acted as town-crier or herald for the Governor was a Nicolas (or Sebastian) de la Cruz,“ but there is no way of linking him with the above fam ily. He could well have been Sebastian Rod riguez. (q.v.) AGN, loc. 1-IL, t. 304, I. 195. Ihid.. t. 587. pp. 315-6. 1. Oﬁatc, p. 190. 2. AGI. Contml.. leg. 718, Data. 3. AGN. Mcx., Inq., t. 304, I. 189. 4. Ih|d., t. 304, t. 186 ct seq. Sp.lArch.. I. No. 818. In-volt, I, p. 116; II, p. 151‘. S4"$°.°°.“$” (male. p. 210. CUELLAR PEDRO de CUELLAR CORSADO, thirty years old, son of Juan de la Cruz and born in the Kingdom of Guatemala, came to New Mexico as a convict in 1677,to serve as a sol dier for four years.‘ He must have married in New Mexico after his arrival, for the Indians killed his wife and daughter in 1680while he was with the Leyva party that had gone down to Guadalupe del Paso to meet the Mexico City wagon-train. His estancia near 1. 2. B-H. III, pp. 317-22. Rlevolt. I, pp. 23, 37, 143. San Felipe Pueblo was sacked and destroy ed.’ He does not appear in the 1681 lists, but in 1683he is mentioned as having run away from the refugee colony.“ Andrés de Cuélla-r, eighteen and a native of Mexico City, was also in the 1677 convict group, sentenced to two years.‘ He must have left on finishing his term before 1680. 3. 4. BNM. leg. 2. pt. 3, H5267-83. B-H. loc. clt. DOMINGUEZ de MENDOZA TOME DOMINGUEZ (without “Mendoza”) came to New Mexico with his grown family around the middle of the century.‘ His sons settled in the Sandia jurisdiction where they intermarried with the Chavcs clan. Elena Ramirez de Mendoza, wife of Tomé testified that he had died around the year 1656at the age of ninety-six.’ His family had “el Vilejo,”and who gave the “Mendoza” end ing to this family, was already dead by 1661, [24] I ll as was also her husband.” She had :1 sister, Juana de la Cruz y Mendoza, who was Gov ernor Pef1alosa’s housekeeper; her son, Luis de Ulloa, was the Governor’s page." The Do minguez de Mendoza children, born in Mex ico City, played important roles in seven teenth—century New Mexico history. The sons were Tomé the Younger, Juan, and Francisco. Of the daughters, Damiana married Alvaro de Paredes in 1660,and later, Agustin de Carvajal; Leonor was the wife of Cristobal de Anaya; Francisca became the wife of Antonio Marquez, and then of Fran cisco de Anaya; Elena married Don Pedro Duran y Chaves. In April, 1680,Tomé II was fifty-four years old, Damiana was fifty, Juan was forty-six, and Leonor was forty, all living on their lands south of Sandia Pueblo.‘ Tomé Dominguez de Mendoza II, “uelMaze,” had a flourishing estancia below Isleta Pueb THE SEVl~}N'l‘l'Il'IN'1‘ll (‘ENTURY killed many of his sons, daughters, grand sons, :1 grzu1d—dzn1ght,er,two sons-in-law, his brothers, nephews, and two callados.“ Oth ers, however, thought otherwise of his con duct, accusing him of moving all his hacienda goods out of New Mexico, burying plough shares and other implements on the way to lighten the wagons, when he well knew that the Santa Fe people were besieged and in need of help; now, in 1681, the entire family was profiteering on the misery of the exile colony.” The next year, 1682,Tomé and Don Pedro de Chaves got permission to depart with their families for New Spain, and so they never returned to New Mexico. This particular Tomé’s name has been per petuated in the village on the site of his es tancia which now bears his name.” His childrenlwere ‘Tomé III, Jwan, Diego, Francisco, and Antonio, who are treated fur ther on. Probably his daughter was Juana, wife of Cristobal Duran y Chaves. 10 as early as 1662.“It was he who obtained the release of Don Pedro Duran y Chaves af Iucm Dominguez de Mendoza was already ter the famous “right of sanctuary” case. His an adult taking an active part in New Mexico wife was Catalina Lopéz Mederos, sister of political life in 1662,having come from Mex one Pedro Lopez.’ In 1666 he was named in ico City “a few years ago.”“‘ In the spring of terim Governor when Gov. Villanueva re 1680he gave his age as forty-six,” but in 1681 turned to New Spain for eye-treatment.“ he said he was fifty-two, a native of Mexico In August, 1680, Tomé and his family fled City, married and accompanied by his wife, south with the rest of the Rio Abajo people.“ children, and a son-in-law.” An able com He passed muster as a Maese de Campo with mander, he was placed in charge of Guada a full complement of arms, four soldier sons lupe del Paso in that year by Gov. Otermin, and thirty horses, declaring that he himself and as Lt. General of Cavalry was also en - was married, as also three of his sons, with trusted with a campaign against the New eight children among them—the entire fam Mexico Pueblos. This latter turned into a fi ily consisting of fifty-five persons, including asco due to his own machinations contrary to servants. He also claimed that thirty-eight the Governor’s policy.” Still with the exile relatives had been killed by the Indians.” colony after his brother Tomé had left, Juan The following year he claimed to be sixty led a memorable Expedition into the Texas one years old with gout and stomach disor interior in 1684,” but in the following year he ders, and boasted of having served the King was the leader of a desertion plot involving in New Mexico since he had ,“reached years others of his family, including his son Batta of discretion.” Since last year, one of his sons, sar.” Juan must have fled around this time, Tomé III, had died in battle; two others, Juan for in March, 1689, his son Baltasar obtained and Diego, had been seriously wounded by permission to leave for New Spain with his poison arrows; and the fourth, Francisco, had mother, Isabel Duran y Chaves, and her ser taken part in the latest Indian conflicts. In vants.” Coming together sometime after the 1680 outbreak, said he, the Indians had wards, Juan and his son made a voyage to [35] 0 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO ls‘./\MII.ll".S Spain, undoubtedly to seek royal favors. They and married in 1680, was the third son of lost all but tlicirlives in a shipwreck, and 'J‘om(r ll. He was also wounrlml in l)(llll(‘ in Juan died shortly after in a Madrid hospital 1681 and claimed to be suffering from poi after forty—fouryears of Indian fighting in soned arrow wounds in the leg and arm when New Mexico.“ he passed muster.-"’ He survived, however, Baltasar Dominguez de Mendoza, the only ' for he was active in black market dealings known son of Juan, returned from Spain and shortly after between Guadalupe del Paso, in October, 1692,was asking for the Govern Parral, Sonora, and Casas Grandes.“ He ap- — orship of New Mexico, or at least some other pears to be the Diego Dominguez killed by important post in Sonora. (See preceding Juan de Chaves in 1682:” note.) J uan’s only known daughter was Francisco Dominguez de Mendoza, the Maria, wife of Diego Lucero de Godoy, who fourth adult son of Tomé II, was twenty-five also got permission to leave for New Spain in years of age and married in 1681, and also 1689.” took part in the Otermin Campaign. He, too, Francisco Dominguez de Mendoza, forty engaged in profiteering with his brothers.“ seven years old in 1664 when Captain of the Antonio Dominguez de Mendoza, a fifth son jurisdiction of Zia and Cochiti, was also born of Tomé II, was a minor in 1680, and there in Mexico City. His wife was Juana de Ruecla, ‘ fore not on the muster-rolls. He is without who most probably came to New Mexico with doubt the one unmarried son, age twenty, her husband.” Old and blind in 1680,he sur who was still in his father’s care in 1681.“ In vived the Indian Rebellion with his family of that year Antonio, son of the Maese de Cam five.“ His name appears no longer after that po Tomé D. de Mendoza and Catalina Lopez date, having perhaps died before the fall of Mederos, married Juana Romero.“-"The next 1681. Their son, Antonio Dominguez de Rue year he fled from Guadalupe del Paso with his wife.“ da, asked for permission to leave for New Spain in 1684.25A sister of Antonio, Petrona, Presumably, all the surviving sons of Tomé seems to be the woman who married a Barto II, including the families of the two deceased lomé Trujillo at Guadalupe del Paso in Feb sons, left south for New Spain, with or with ruary, 1681,and later married a Simon Mar out permission. tin in New Mexico after the Reconquest.” * * * # * * * * The following are other members of this large family mentioned at the time of the In dian Rebellion of 1680 and succeeding years. Tomé Dominguez de Mendoza III, eldest of the, four sons of Tomé II, was killed as a Sar gento Mayor in a battle with the Indians in 1681.“ His wife, to all appearances, was Cata lina Varela de Losada, native of Santa Fe and residing in Chihuahua as late as December, 1737, with a son, Julian; another, Cristobal, had moved up to Santa Fe and died there around this time.” Juan Dominguez de Mendoza, Captain and second son of Tomé II, was thirty-five years old and married in 1681. He was seriously wounded in battle shortly after,” but noth ing more is known about him. Diego Dominguez de Mendoza, thirty—seven [25] Antonio Dominguez de Mendoza (or de Rueda) was the son of Francisco D. de Men doza and Juana de Rueda. A Captain in 1680 81, he was described as married, thirty-two years old, a native of New Mexico, tall and slender, having good features and long red hair. He also took part in the Otermin Cam paign of 1681:" He was mentioned in 1682 as being the son-in-law of Alonso Garcia, the Lt. General of the Rio Abajo, and father-in law of Don Juan Severino.” His wife was Juana Garcia de Noriega. Antonio asked to leave Guadalupe del Paso in August, 1684,” but was apparently turned down, for by 1689 he had died and his widow was still with the exile colony.” This family is important because the chil dren, all daughters, returned to New Mexico with the Vargas Reconquest. These girls IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY were: Antonia, who first married Andres Hurtado and then Tomas Jiron do Tejeda; Maria, wife of Antonio Godines; Teresa, mar ried to Diego Gonzalez de la Rosa; Leonor, wife of Miguel Martin; and one whose name is not known, the wife of Juan Severino Ro driguez de Zeballos. José Dominguez de Mendoza was a soldier with the Leyva party which had gone to meet the Mexico City wagon-train at Guadalupe del Paso when the Indians struck the north ern colony in 1680; in this recorded instance he signed his name without “Mendoza.”“ But in the following year he used the full name, AGN, M1.-.x.,Inq., t. 507, pt. 6, I. 785. DM, 1680, No. 1. AGN, loc. clt., t. 582, p. 36. lbId., t. 507. pp. 415, 1231, 1303-4. DM, loc. clt. AGN, loc. clt., t. 595, 1. 272. Ibld., t. 507, pp. 49, 239. AGI, Contu.d., leg. 768-A. Data. Revolt, I. pp. 39, 55-60, 89-90, 106. 10. 1bltl.. p. 138. 11. ]b|d., pp. 35. 145. 151. 12. Ibid., pp. 162, 172. $«°9“."‘57‘.‘-":“S*'.'°"' 13. AGN. Inc. clt., t. 595, f. 272; Bancroft. 232. ft. 123-52. 14. Ilild., t. 507, pt. 6, 1. 785. 15. DM, loc. clt. Mex. Mss., No. ' 16. Revolt, II, p. 95. 17. Ilild., pp. 69, 183. 215-17 et seq. 18. Ct. AGN, loc. clt.. t. 37. 19. Sp. Arch. II. No. 35 20. Ihld.. No. 48. 21. A01. Guadn.laJarn. leg. 151. pt. 6, series No. 8949 et 5011.} leg. 73, t. 158. and was described as a bachelor, newly ar rived from a trip to Parral, twenty-four years old, swarthy, with an aquiline face, coarse hair and bezu'd."“In 1682he was mentioned as a native of New Mexico, the natural son of Ana,Velésquez, when he asked to marry a Juana Lopez.” In that same year he ran away from the refugee colony,” but must have re turned or was apprehended, for he came to New Mexico with the Reconquest, In 1692he rescued his sister Juana and her four daugh ters and one son from Indian captivity.” He and Juana were some of the callados, or ille gitimate children, of the Tomé Dominguez family. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Sp. AI-ch., II, No. 49. AGN, loc. eit., t. 610, I. 990. Revolt, I. p. 151. HSNM, No. 2844. DM, 1681, No. 6; Sp. Arch., II. No. 137b. Revolt, I, p. 138; II. PD. 145-51. Sp. Arch., I, No. 422. Revolt, I, p. 67; II. pp. 35, 145-51. 30. Iblal., I. PD. 79, 119, 138; II. DD. 37, 145-51. 31. Ibld., II. pp. 165-6, 176. 32. AGN, loc. clt., t. 1551. ft. 379-81. 33. Revolt. II, pp. 36, 145, 151, 165-6, 176. 34. ll)ld., p. 35. 35. DM. 1681, No. 2. 36. BNM, leg. 2. pt. 3. f. 356. 37. Revolt. I, p. 176: II. PR 80, 100. 38. BNM. Inc. clt.. i. 320. 39. HSNM. No. 2844. 40. DM. 1689, No. 2. 41. Revolt, I, pp. 37-151. 42. Ibld., pp. 71. 142. 43. DM. 682, No. 5: also. 1680. No. 1. for sister Juana. 44. BNM, loc. e|t.. f. 274. 45. First Expedition, 1). 184. DURAN JUAN DURAN is mentioned as early as X1628as the husband of Catalina Bernal, daughter of Juan Griego.‘ He was also called “Juan de la Cruz” when involved in a case concerning pagan Indian rites.’ Most likely he is the Juan de la Cruz, nineteen years old, who came with Oﬁate in 1598,the son of Juan Rodriguez and a native of the Valley of To luca; he was described as somewhat swarthy, beardless, and tall.“ Possibly ‘he began using the name Duran to distinguish himself from another Juan de la Cruz, the Catalan. In 1632, Juan Duran and his wife were involved in a hex trial; here mention was made of a son, NicolcisDuran.‘ A daughter, Catalina, was the wife of Juan Moran. Nicolcis Duran. was sheriff of the Council in 1642. He was mentioned in 1663 as being an “aide” to Governor Peﬁalosa, and having a wife and children in Santa Fe.-‘ To all ap pearances, he was the Nicolas mentioned above. He was not alive by 1680,but from the marriage of a daughter, Catalina, we learn that his widow’s name was Antonia Trujillo.“ Iucm Durém II, thirty-five years old in 1657 and a native of Santa Fe, was a soldier who {Z71 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES accompanied wagon-trains to and from Mex ico City in 1657, 1658, and 1661.’ He seems to have been a grandson of the first Juan Duran through his daughter Catalina, wife of Juan Moran.” In 1680,Juan Duran and his family of eleven persons, including his brothers and sisters, escaped the Indian massacre." But he himself is not mentioned in the following year, having died or run away from the exile colony. Other Duran persons in the 1680-81 lists were as follows: Salvador Durc'xn,Adjutant, thirty-one (or forty—one)years old, escaped with his family of twelve, including daughters and servants. He wasa native of New Mexico, married, of good stature, with a swarthy complexion, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. legs. AGN, M9x., Inq., t. 304, 1. 188; t. 372, exp. 19, t. 13. lbld., t. 363, I. 12. Oﬁntc, p. 191. AGN, Inc. ('it.. if. 187-8. IhId.. t. 596. pt. 2. I. 157; Ortlz Trlnl. If. 20, 21v, 36-39. 1).“, 1693. No. 5; 1693, No. 5; 1695. No. 13. AGN. loc. clt., t. 571, exp. 8, ft. 226, 232; AGI, Contad., 749, 754. 755, Data. straight coarse hair and long, and a scant beard.” Ilis wife's name was Ana Miirqucz (or Lujcin), as we learn from the marriages of their children: Miguel, Diego, Lcizaro, and Juana, wife of Tomas Nunez.“ Another daughter, very likely, was Josefa, married to Agustin Griego.” Salvador was most likely the son of Nicolas Duran since both, more ad vanced in the social scale than the other Du ran people, consecutively held the same po sition of “Ayudante.” Luis Dunin, thirty years old and married in 1681, was described as being of medium height, slender, swarthy, with eyes having much white showing.” Nothing more is known about him. This family was altogether distinct from the Duran y Chaves group. 8. 9. AG-N, loc. clt.. t. 596, pt. 2, f. 157; t. 608, {. 431. l'lc\'uH. I. D. 151. 10. 11. 10. lh|d., I. p. 148; II. pp. 49. 142. DM, 1705. No. 10; 169-]. No. 29; 1697, No. 1; 1698. No. 12. Sp. Arch., II, No. 187. 13. Revolt II, p. 133. DURANVCHAVES (See Chdvez) ENRIQUEZ CRISTOBAL ENRIQUEZ was a thirty-year old Alférez in 1636.‘ Apparently a native of New Mexico, and, considering a custom of reaching back to a grandparent’s name, he could well have been the son of Juan Rangel, an Alférez who came in 1600 to‘join Oﬁate’s forces; he was described as tall and well fea tured, twenty—fiveyears old, a native of Mex ico City and the ‘son of “Cristobal Gaspar Am'r1'quez.”’ Cristobal Enriquez was a first cousin of Agustin de Carvajal, hence their respective mothers must have been sisters. In 1660,Car vajal was accused of having married a close relative, Estefania. Enriquez, Cristobal’s [23] daughter. This girl was, moreover, a second cousin of Carvajal’s first wife, Maria Mar quez; hence, Cristobal’s wife and Maria Mar quez had mothers who were first cousins. Cristobal was beheaded with eight other men in 1643 by Governor Pacheco.“ Cristobal En7'iqu.ezII was forty years old in 1680-81,married, and with a family of seven small children and nine servants. In the lat ter year he claimed to be in poor health and unwilling to join Otermin’s Expedition back into New Mexico, unless the government took care of his family and unusually large stock in the poverty-stricken exile colony at Guad IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY alupc dcl Paso.‘ He was also accused of tak ing an undue share of the King’s relief sent to the refugees.“ This Enriquez could well have been the son of the previous man of this name. He is the only Enriquez among the ref ugccs, and he did not return to New Mexico with the Reconquest. 5*‘."‘f-‘J3-"E" AGN. Mnx., lnq., L 505, 1. 407. (mute. p. 206. (ill. run] Slnlc, p. 175. luwult, I, pp. 68, 76, 147-8; 11, p. 149. Ibld., p. 162. AE S CALLADA JUAN de la ESCALLADA is first noted as a soldier escorting the Wagon-trains in 1652and 1658.‘He died before the Indian Re bellion in 1680. His‘widow, Ynez Lucero (or Gonzdlez) escaped the massacre with two wi dowed daughters and four small children.” Her name is given as Gonzalez in 1682when identified as the mother of Maria de la,Escal lada, twenty-five years old, widow of Andrés Manuel de Peralta.” In that same year, Maria gave Juan de la Escallada and Ynez Lucero de Godoy as her parents when she married Sebastian de Herrera.‘ There were no male children to pass on the name. Escallada’s origin is not known, unless his name was a corruption of “Escarramad.” 1. AG], Contad.. legs. 74?, 749, Data. 2. Revolt. 1, p. 151. 4. DM, 1682, No. 4. 3. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 1551, ft. 375-8. de Peralta, and her sister Juana, widow of E SCAR RAMAD DON JUAN de ESCARRAMAD was an other single individual who carried the title of “Don” before his name. As such he appears in the Oﬁate lists of 1598, a soldier twenty six years old, the son of Don Juan Escarra mad and a native of the City of Murcia. He was short of stature, having a chestnut beard and “changeable eyes.”‘ His signature in 1617, when he declared himself forty—eight years old, carries the title. In that year he was liv ing in Santa Fe with his wife and children.’ Between the years 1613-17he was a key-fig ure in serious disputes between Gov. Peralta and the friars. It began with his wounding of a certain Simon Pérez, followed by the entry of the latter’s many relatives, then the friars, into the controversy. He then ‘went to Mexico City in 1614, “on business,” where he made depositions against the Franciscans. On his return he was imprisoned for scurrilous re marks against the friars which he would not retract.“ 3! 1! III I # II It 1 In 1636, a certain Alférez Francisco de Ribera of Santa Fe, widower of Melchora de Escarramcin, asked to marry again.‘ And in 1640, a Polonia Varela, widow of Julian Es carramcin, asked that her marriage to a sub sequent husband be annulled} Were these two people children of old Juan de Escarramad? They might have been ser vants of his, as they seemed to be of low es tate, The name was not passed on, not even by Juan de la Escallada, if he was his son or grandson. Oﬂnto. p. 121. AGN, Men, Inq.. L 316. (1. 176-8. Ct. Oh. and state. pp. 29-45. I~‘:"‘.'-".53!" AGN. loo. en... t. 595, 1. 407. Ibld.. L 425. 1'1. 633-44. £39} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES FERNANDEZ de la FUENTE (See Fwente) FONTE Cristobal Fonte lived in New Mexico around the year 1663.His wife was Maria Ra mos, alias Varela, twenty-two years old and a native of New Mexico.‘ It could be that his name was a misspelling of “Fuente.” 1. AGN, Max" lnq., t. 507. pt. 2, I. 136. FRESQUI JUAN FRESCO first came to New Mexico about the year 1617with two other Flemish men. They were residents of Mexico City on a tour of mineral exploration. They went back to New Spain for mining equipment; on their return to Santa Fe, the people destroyed their equipment out of envy and resentment.‘ \This return of Juan Fresco, or Frescos, took place in 1625,in the wagon-train that brought Fray Alonso Benavides. Juan deposed at this time that he was Flemish, fifty-five years old, and a miner by trade. His signature ap pears to spell out the name “Frishz.”’ Having stayed and married in New Mexico, he be came Juan Fresqui, unless the individual of this name was his son—or an altogether dif ferent person. By the end of the following century this 1. 2. Doc. lllst. dc Mex., p. 25. AGN. Men, lnq., t. 356, 1. 266. 3. 11:141.’ 1.. 608, family ,name was further hispanicized into “Frésquez.” Juan Fresqui, a Captain already dead by 1667,had been Alcalde Mayor of Isletaﬁ Al though there were no adult male Fresquis in the 1680-81Revolt lists, several people of this name after the Reconquest give proof that some minor children or grandchildren of his escaped the massacre. A Juana Fresqui, wife of José de Leyva, was killed by the Indians in 1680.‘ Her two daughters were rescued from captivity in 1692 by a relative, Juan Holguinf‘ The lat ter’s mother was Magdalena Fnesqui, already dead by 1695.“These two women were appar ently daughters of Juan Fresqui. 4. 5. 6. f1. 379-88. DM, 1682. No. 3. . Flr.-it Exp:-dlllon. p. 184. DM. 1695, No. 8. FUENTE,de la Bernardo de la Fuente was one of the con victs of 1677 sent to serve as soldiers in New Mexico, He was forty-eight years old, the son of Francisco and a native of Mexico City at La Merced, condemned to four years without {sci pay. He had a good build, dark complexion, a large forehead and short nose.‘ it It # 1! ¥ # i I Juan Fernandez de la Fuente was a Captain stationed at Casas Grandes in 1681-84,in the TIIE SEvI~:N'1'I-:r~:NT1I CENTURY company of New Mcxicziiis from Guzldulupo del Paso, like Francisco Ramirez dc Salazar and Alonso Garcia de Noriega? Another “Juan de Fuentes” died at Casas Grandes in 1682.3 This surname appears after the Reconquest in the GL1(1(l(llllpCdel Paso di.st1‘ict, very like ly the children and other descendants of Juan Fernandez de la Fucnte. One of these, J-osefa de la Fuente, married a New Mexico refugee, Diego Hurtado. 1. ii-H. III. pp. 317-24. 2. HSNM. 3. BNM, leg. 2. pt. 3. ft. 354-7. NO. 2S-13. GALLE G O S JOSE and ANTONIO GALLEGOS were brothers who came to New Mexico sometime prior to the 1680Rebellion. J osé was married and had three children by 1680, the family escaping the massacre while he was with the Leyva escort party at Guadalupe del Paso.‘ He does not appear in the 1681 lists because he had fled the refugee colony.’ Having re turned or been brought back, he and his fam ily came to New Mexico with the Reconquest. In 1694 he declared that he was forty-one years old and a native of Parral.3 From post Reconquest marriages we learn that his wife was Catalina Hurtado, and their children: Diego, Nicolas, Juan, and Maria. and had two very small children.5 He was present at Guadalupe del Paso the following year and signed up for the Otermin Cam paign.° He is undoubtedly the Antonio Laces [?] who was twenty-six years old in 1681and a native of New Vizcaya [Parral] married in New Mexico; he was then described as tall and slim, having a long face, large eyes, blond hair and beard.’ In 1683he was declared a de serter, like his brother.“ His wife was Catalina Baca. Both appear to have died before the Vargas Reconquest; however, their children returned to New Mexico, probably with their uncle José’s fam ily. They were: Antonio II, Elena, and Felipe. Antonio Gallegos was a brother of J osé.‘ He escaped in 1680with the rest of the Rio Aba jo people, probably taking his absent broth er’s family with him. He himself was married Rt-volt. 1. pp. 37, 14-1. 173. BNM. leg. 2, pt. 3. If. 267-83. 356. 1).“. 169-1. N0. 20. BNM. loc. cllv., I. 356. R0\'()l|. I. pp. 140, 173. ."‘.°‘5":“S*’!°!" Ibld., II, p. 151. lbldu PD. 54. 119. GAMB OA I JUAN de GAMBOA figured in 1661 as the father of Petronila de Gamboa, a girl of low estate who was supposedly raped or seduced by Gov. Lopez Mendizébal. Her mother's name was Maria Pacheco.‘ The child of this affair was Juan de Gamboa II who figured in a marriage squabble in the following cen tury.’ The first Juan seems to have had an other wife, Luisa (or Lucia) Martin, by whom he had a daughter, Felipa, who later married Agustin de Salazar. Petrona had married an Andrés Ramirez del Prado, the latter having died before 1680.Their identities are deduced from eighteenth-century marriages of their children. Only three adult male Gamboas are found in the 1680-81 lists. Lucas de Gamboa was killed by the Indians [31] ORIGINS OF_NEW MEXICO FAMILIES when Gov. Otermin sent him with a message to Alonso Garcia in the Rio Abajo district.’ His widow, Isabel de Archuleta, passed mus ter with their six small children.‘ Lucas was most likely a son of Juan de Gamboa, 1 Juan de Gamboa II, eighteen years old and single, passed muster in 1681with his widow ed mother [Maria Pacheco], and his brothers and sisters. He was small of stature, beard less, with long straight hair.‘ Antonio de Gamboa, was also eighteen and single in 1681,but was not described further.“ He was, no doubt, the Antonio Ramirez de Gamboa, son of Andrés Ramirez del Prado and Petrona Gamboa, both deceased and na tives of New Mexico, who married Luisa de Tapia four years later.’ . AGN, Me-x., Tlerrns. . DM. 1705, No. 10. . Revolt, I. p. 12. bl :7 .. :2. 1.. 3268. pp. 182-5. w: : xma.. p. 80. . DM. 1685, No. 1. -Jmmazmnu GARCIA GARCIA is one of the most common Span ish surnames. Among the Ofiate soldiers of 1598 was Marcos Garcia, thirty-eight years - old, the son of Tomé Garcia and a native of Sanlucar de Barrameda; he was greyish and dark with a good physique.‘ By 1608he was a Captain, when he led a soldier-escort back to New Mexico? Nothing more is known about him, or who his descendants were, if any. Alonso Garcia was in the wagon-train es corts of 1636 and 1643.3He was in New Mex ico too early to be Alonso Garcia de Noriega, treated further on. Some unidentified Garcias of later generations, and not of the Garcia Holgado group, might derive from either of these two men. 1. Oilnte. p. 192. 2. AG}, Conmd.. legs. 70']. 712. Data. 3. Ibld., legs. 736, 738, Data. GARCIA HOLGADO ALVARO GARCIA HOLGADO and a Si mon Garcia were mentioned as soldiers of the Oﬁate troops that came in 1600,but were not described.‘ In 1609Alvaro was an Alférez es corting the wagon—train that brought Gov. Peralta to New Mexico.’ By 1625 he was a Captain, forty-eight years old, and living in Santa Fe. He gave a Captain Juan Gomez, “the interpreter,” as his brother-in-law.‘ His wife was,Juana de los Reyes, forty or fifty in 1631, and a sister of Juana Sanchez, thirty-five [wife of Gomez]. These two wo men were accused of using bizarre remedies tohold their husbands’ affections.‘ Their chil dren were Diego, Juan,“ and, possibly, Fran cisco. A daughter (or grand-daughter), Lucia Lopez de Gracia, was the wife of J osé Nieto. [32] Alvaro appears to be the progenitor, either by a second wife, or else through one of his sons or daughters, of the Lopez de Gracia family group. Diego Garcia Holgado, son of Alvaro, was mentioned as a soldier of Santa Fe, twenty seven years old in 1632and thirty-two in 1636. His wife was a daughter of the Alférez Se bastién Gonzalez. Diego was killed sometime prior to 1644in an Indian campaign.“ Iuan Garcia Holgcxdo,brother of Diego, was living at the Isleta district in 1638.’He held the office of Alcalde of Alameda Pueblo around the year 1650.‘He was still living in IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY the Rio Abajo country as late as 1667 with the rank of Captain, his_ wife being Ana Pacheco.“ Francisco Garcia (Holgado) is first men tioned in 1632 as being twenty-two years of age and a soldier of Santa Fe.” He later es tablished his residence in the Rio Abajo area near Isleta, having also lived in the Salinas region of Tajique and Cuarae when those Missions were in existence. He was a brother in-law of J osé Nieto and Pedro de Leyva.“ A weaver by trade, he was once forbidden by Gov. Lopez Mendizabal to make cloth for the Franciscans’ habits.” In 1665 he declared himself to be a captain fifty—sevenyears old and a native of San Gabriel del Yunque. A resident of Isleta and a widower at this time, 1. Oﬁate, p. 209; “Holgado" name not given here. 2. AG], Contn.d.. leg. 711. Data. 3. AGN, Mex.. lnq., t. 356, 1. 316. 4. Ihld.. t. 732. f. 14. 5. Ibld., t. 304. ft. 190-1: BNM, leg. 1, pt. 1, ft. 470-504. 226. . p. AIGN. 61. loc. clt.; AG], Pat:-onnto, leg. 244, Rama 7, doc. 7. Ibld.. t. 304. 1. 190; t. 385. 1. 12. 8. Revolt, II, p. 299. he said that he had two daughters living with him.” After the Indian Rebellion, though dead prior to 1680,he was still remembered as a good “Protector of the Indians.”“ Diego Garcia. Holgado, twenty-six or twen ty-eight years of age in 1681,is the only adult male of this surname mentioned during the Revolt period. He was described as a native of New Mexico, married, with a good slender build, swarthy, and having thick black hair and beard.” In the first Vargas Entry in 1692, he rescued a relative of his [Juana de Apo daca] with her two children.“ He was the son of any of the above three men. A Magdalena Garcia who passed muster in 1680 with eight persons in her family was most likely Magdalena Montarrio." 9. AC-N. loc. clt., t. 608, ff. 419-37. 10. Ihld., t. 304, f. 196. 11. Ibld Ibld., t. 512, It. 7, 8. 156; t. 587. DD. 81-129. 13. Ibld., t. 507. PD. 732-3: Tlerrns, t. 3268. 14. Revolt, II 290, 301. 15. Ibld.. pp. 72. 124. 16. Ftrst Expedition, p. 184. 17. Revolt, I, p. 149. GAR CIA MUERTE Francisco Garciét Muerte, forty-two years old and a native of Cadiz, where he still had a wife, was among the refugees at Guadalupe del Paso where he enlisted as a soldier in 1681.‘ He came with the convicts of 1677, when he was listed as the son of Antonio, twenty [?] years old and a native of Cadiz, having a good physique, a broad face, thick eyebrows, and sunken eyes. He was sen tenced to eight years.” The description of his features suggests the possibility of his having received the “Muerte” as a nickname. He did not return to New Mexico, apparently. 1. Revolt. II. p. 136. 2. B-H, III, pp. 317-22. GAR CIA de NORIEGA ALONSO GARCIA (without “Noriega”) came to New Mexico in the middle of the century from the City of Zacatecas, his birth place. In 1660he gave his age as thirty-three; he owned the Estancia de San Antonio in the Rio Abajo, twenty leagues from Santa Fe.‘ By 1667 he was a Captain; his wife was Teresa Varela.’ He was the Lieutenant General of the Rio Abajo area, and holding the rank of Maese de Campo, when the Indians rebelled in 1680,and as such was held responsible for [33] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES the flight of the Rio Abajo people without going to the aid of the colonists in Santa Fe. For this reason he underwent a court—martial by Gov. Otcrmin.“ He was also Alcaldc of Sandia at this period.‘ In the following year he still held his old titles, showing that he had exonerated himself. Ill in bed in September, 1681,he was ready to return for the recon quest of New Mexico; he was described then as being fifty—fouryears old and a native of Zacatecas, having a good physique, partly grey hair, protruding eyes, and an aquiline face, A married man, he had a large family of children and sons-in-laws" In 1682 he de posed that he had three sons and two sons in-law bearing arms.“ One of his sons, Lazaro, had been killed by the Indians in 1680.7The others were: Alonso II, Juan, and, most likely, Tomas. Of his two known daughters, Juana was married to An tonio Dominguez de Mendoza, and Josefa la ter became the wife of Alonso Rael de Agui lar. These children added “de Noriega” to their family name, derived most likely from their father’s parents or grandparents. Iucm Garcia de Noriega, also known simply as Juan de Noriega, or de Noriega Garcia, lived with Alonso Garcia before and after 1680.3He passed muster in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, married, twenty—three years old, of medium build with a long face and chestnut hair.9 A later matrimonial investi gation of his daughter states that he was born in Zacatecas, but this looks like a mistake of the informants. Juan took part in the Oter min Campaign of 1681,and in the first Entry of Vargas in 1692.” He was a member of the Confraternity of La Conquistadora.“ His first wife was Margarita Marquez, dead prior to 1690 when a daughter, Maria Ana, AGN, Mr~.x., Inq., t. 587, I. 97. lbld., t. 608. ft. 379-84. . Revolt, I, pp. 62 et seq. 9°.*'9‘:"":"§*’.'°?“ 1).“. 1680. No. 1. R4-volt, II, pp. 82. 95. BNM. log. 2, . 3, I. 310. Revolt. I, p. 5L151. BNM, loc. clt.; DM, 1680. No. 1. [34] married Miguel dc Ilcrrern. By his second wife, Frrzmristta S(l.1L('lLCZ,’ (L0 Yﬁigo, he had a son, Francisco, and two daughters, Maria and Juana. This family did not return with the Reconquest, remaining at Guadalupe del Paso where the following generations rose to prominence; some intermarried with Santa Fe people in the following century. Alonso Garcia de Noriega H, “el Mozo,” passed muster in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, married, and thirty years old; he was swarthy and pockmarked, with a large nose and long straight hair.” He took part in the Otermin Campaign as a very useful Alférez, and is not to be confused with the youth Alonso Garcia [de Gracia] who also figured in it.” Alonso took part in the Reconquest of New Mexico by Vargas in 1692 and 1693. From other documents of the period we learn that his wife was Ana Jorge de Vera, by whom he had these sons: Luis, Alonso III, Tomas, and Vicente. Alonso’s second wife was Ma'ria Luisa Godines, whom he married sometime after the Reconquest, and whom he left a wi dow when he was wounded by an Apache arrow, sometime before or during 1696, an the road from Guadalupe del Paso to Santa Fe at the Paraje del Agua Escondida; he died at Sevilleta.” Tomas Garcia (without “Noriega”) passed muster in 1680,extremely poor, with a fam ily of six, wife, children, and grandchildren.” He is not listed in 1681,having perhaps died. Nor is it known if he belonged to the Noriega family group, the third living son of old Alonso Garcia. Perhaps he was a Garcia Hol gado, as he seemed to be too old to be a son of Alonso. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. I14-volt. II, pp. 883-4; 102-3. lhltl» PD. 221-3, 378; First Expedition, p. 253. OLC. p. 65). lb-volt, II, pp. 80, 100. 192. lh|d., pp, 263. 339. DM. 1696. No. '23. R4-volt. I. p. 140. IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY GOMEZ BARRAGAN JUAN GOMEZ BARRAGAN was already dead in 1631 when his widow, Maria Bernal, is mentioned.‘ He seems to be the Juan Go mez, deceased by 1626, who had come in the soldier-escort of 1613-16,and acted as a Tewa interpreter in 1621.2 He had a daughter, Maria Barragcin, who was the first wife of Diego Lopez del Cas tillo.3 Cristobal Gomez Pcxrrcxgcxwas a Captain who in 1661-2was appointed the leader of the soldiers and wagon-train to Mexico City.‘ He might have been a son of the preceding man, having corrupted the name as so often happened; or he might have been altogether unrelated. Andrés Gomez Parra was a Sargento Mayor in Santa Fe at the time of the 1680Rebellion. By some error he was reported killed during the siege of Santa Fe, whereas it was a dif ferent officer, Andrés Gomez Robledo. Go mez Parra was active in the Otermin Cam paign the following year when he hanged an apostate Indian at Jémezf‘ Perhaps he was a son of Gomez Parraga. He is the only man of this name in the Revolt lists, there being no others with the last name of Parraga or Bar ragdn. The other Parra people mentioned be longed to the Cobos de LaParra group. AGN. Mex.. 1114].,t. 372, I. 10. ."‘:“P°¥*’!" ll)ld., t. 356, ff..263\', 282\‘; A011, Contud., leg. 718, Data. 1nm., t. 557. pp. 315-6. nm1., t. 535, 1. 511. Revolt, I, p. 59: II. p. 300. GOMEZ ROBLEDO FRANCISCO GOMEZ, born in “Coina,” five leagues from Lisbon, was the son of Manuel Gomez and Ana Vicente, both of whom died when he was a child. Reared at first by his elder brother, Fray Alvaro Go mez, a Franciscan of Lisbon and Commis sary of the Holy Office, he passed on into the household of Don Alonso de Oﬁate at the Court of Madrid. Oﬁate brought him to Mex ico City, and from there Francisco came to New Mexico to join the young colony of Don Alonso’s brothel‘, Don Juan de Oﬁate.‘ 1604 is probably the year in which Don Alonso sailed for the New World.’ Francisco Gomez became the most outstanding military official in New Mexico during his life,-time, occupy ing every office of importance, including that of High Sheriff of the Holy Office.” In 1641, Governor Flores on his deathbed appointed him as interim Governor, but he was not ac cepted by the hostile council of native New Mexicans. He was fifty-four at the time.‘ Go mez died at the ripe old age of eighty and was buried in the Santa Fe parish church, some time around the years 1656-7.5 His name appears often. In 1616 and 1625 he was the leader of the Mexico City wagon train escort; in the latter year he conducted Gov. Sotelo and Fray Alonso Benavides, and a statue of the Virgin which, as La Conquis tadora, became forever famous in New Mex ico through the initial efforts of his wife and children.“ Father Benavides showered him with praise and favors in the beginning, but later suspected him of too much attachment to an anti-religious Governor, Don Juan de Eulate.’ Gomez had always been a critic of certain friars in power, thus incurring their enmity and that of a local political faction. His Portuguese origin did not help, so that even after his death he was accused of being a Jew, not only by birth, but in secret prac tice. It is very possible that he was of Jewish extraction.“ [35] O L ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Gomoz had married /lmz Robledo, a native of San Gabriel del Yunque, and daughter of Bartolomé Romero and Luisa Robledo.” A woman of spirit, she stood up for her husband and family. The precious dresses of La Con quistadora were in her care. She was still liv ing in 1664when she stated that she was six ty years old and a native of San Gabriel.” They had seven children who were known under the compound name of Gomez Rob ledo. They were named as follows in 1663: Francisco, on trial by the Holy Office in Mexico City; Bartolomé, single, Regent and High Sheriff in Santa Fe; Juan, a young sol dier, single, in Santa Fe; Andrés, twenty years old, a soldier of Santa Fe, still single; José, eighteen, and serving as an aide to a major official; Francisco, married to Pedro Lucero de Godoy; and Ana Maria, maiden, living with her mother in Santa Fe.“ Francisco Gémez Robledo was most active in the civil and military life of his day, espe cially after his father’s death. Family ene mies accused him and his brothers, as also his deceased father, of Judaical tendencies, so that he had to undergo trial in Mexico City, where he cleared himself and the family name. Thanks to this trial, we know the fam ily’s story in great detail. Francisco declared that he had been baptized by Fray Pedro de Ortega in Santa Fe, with Governor Sotelo and Doﬁa Isabel de Bohérquez, wife of Don Pedro D. y Chaves, as sponsors; the same Governor was his godfather in confirmation, administered by Fray Alonso Benavides. (Part of the J udaical evidence in the eyes of ignorarit accusers was an abnormal coccyx or “little tail” that Francisco and a brother had!)” Francisco was most devoted to the Confra-. ternity and devotion of La Conquistadora, of which he was Mayordomo at the time of his trial, and perhaps continually after that until 1684,when he was still mentioned in this ca~ pacity.” Together with his brothers, Bartolo mé and Andrés, he served as member of the Cabildo of the Kingdom.“ At the time of the 1680Rebellion he held the rank of Maese de [35] Crnnpo and played an important part before and during the siege of Santa Fe.‘-" He fled south with Governor Otermin and the Santa Fe colonists; he passed muster in 1680 as Lieutenant to the Governor, married, with one grown son besides two small ones and five daughters, an unmarried sister, a sister in-law with seven small children, and twenty ‘ servants.” In 1681he was described as being fifty-three years old, a native of New Mex ico, married, of good stature and features, with red hair and mustache, and partly gTay_17 The grown son mentioned was a natural son, Antonio, twenty-eight years of age, sin gle, having a robust body, plump beardless face and thick black hair.“ In 1663,his father had declared him, then five years old, and a sister Maria, five or six, as his natural chil dren.” Francisco remained with the exile colony, but is mentioned as deceased by December, 1693,“hence did not return to his pre-Revolt lands north of Santa Fe.“ Nor is it known who his wife was, or his minor children, or if any of them returned with the Reconquest. A Maria Gomez who appears in the follow ing century could Well be his natural daugh ter. (As for Antonio, a guess of mine is that he was the son of a Lopez del Castillo wo man; that he had certain natural children by Juana Lujén at Guadalupe del Paso, 1681 1693, and these came to New Mexico as “Go mez del Castillo.” Moreover, they were very close to the Roybal—G6mez Robledo clan in the Pojoaque area.) Bartolomé Gémez Robledo was an Alférez and single in 1663, While his brother Fran cisco was on trial in Mexico City he had fled to New Spain with all of Francisco’s horses and mules, as well as the tribute from Acoma Pueblo, probably to aid him in his need.” Later he appears holding high posts with Francisco and Andrés. He was still mentioned as being single in 1681, a Sargento Mayor forty-one or forty-two years of age. He was a native of New Mexico, tall and slender, with red hair, beard partly gray, and a wound TIIE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY mark on the forehead. With him was a nat ural son, twenty years old.“ This son, Buartolomé II, was tall and thin, with a ruddy beardless face, pleasing fea tures, and long straight hair.“ (This man might well be the culprit of my “Gomez del Castillo” guess, instead of his cousin Anto nio.) Neither he nor his father appear in New Mexico after the Reconquest. Iuan Gomez Robledo was mentioned as a young soldier in 1765, when he and his bro ther Andrés set aside a large quantity of piﬁon, from Pueblo tributes, for Governor Peﬁalosa.” He was supposed to have a “little tail,” like Francisco, which others had seen while bathing in a stream during an Apache Campaign; hence the nickname of “Las Coli tzas”for all the brothers.” Juan does not ap pear in the 1680-81Revolt lists, having either died or left New Mexico before this period. Andrés Gomez Robledo, twenty years old and single in 1663, said he was twenty-four, a native of Santa Fe, and still single in 1665, when he and his brother Juan helped Gov. Peﬁalosa cheat on sacks of piﬁon kept at the Gomez estancia of Las Barrancas in the Rio Abajo.“ Andrés served with two of his elder 1. AGN, Mex.. Inq., t. 583. ft. 341-6; B-H, III, p. 253: El Pnlncio, Vol. 55, No. 8. pp. 235-7. 2. B-H, I, p. 212. 3. AGN, loc. cit. 4. Ch. and State. p. 175; Ortiz Trial, ft. 43. 44, 57, 58, 61v. 5. AGN. loc. cit., 1. 275. 6. AGI, Gontad., legs. 718, 726, Data; V110; OLC, pp. 34-6; El Palacio, 7. 8. B-I-I, 9. 10. Benavldes, 1634, p. Vol. 57, No. 10. DD. 299-301. Ch. and Staten pp. 101-2; AGN. loc. clt., t. 356, if. 270-1. Ch. and State, pp. 85-184; Troublous Times, pp. 190-5; III, p. 253; AGN, loc. cit... t. 507, p. 318. AGN. loc. clt., t. 583, (1. 341-6. Ibid., t. 507, 1. 306: DD. 186, 312, 318, 327. 336. 405. 11. Ibld., t. 583, ff. 341-6. 12. Ibid., t. 583, 1;. 278, 341-6. 13é010LO, pp. 5, 16, 55. 68; El Pnlnclo, Vol. 57, No. 10, pp. brothers in the General Council of the King dom prior to 1680. When the Indians struck he was a Maese de Campo, most active in the defense of Santa Fe in which he lost his life, the only officer killed.” Andres had married Juana Ortiz, a daugh ter of Maria Ortiz de Vera, or Baca, by Diego de Montoya or a previous husband. Juana escaped with the Santa Fe refugees; with her went her orphaned children, all girls, most of whom figured after the Reconquest as the wives of prominent leaders. Their names were: Margarita, wife of J acinto Peléez; Mm ria, who married Alonso Romero and then Diego Arias de Quiros; Fmncisca, wife of Ig nacio de Roybal; Lucia, married to Miguel de Dios Sandoval; and Rosa, who died single. Perhaps a Juana, who married Domingo Roy bal, was a sister of theirs. Iosé Gomez Robledo, mentioned in 1663 as being eighteen years old, is not heard of again. Like his brother Juan, he either was dead by, 1680 or had left New Mexico. Apparently, not a single male of the famous Gomez Robledo family returned to New Mex ico with Vargas, for the name is not met with again, except in connection with the daugh ters of Andrés who made much of it. 14. B-H, III. p. 294. 15. R4-volt, I, pp. 4, 9, 96, 100. 16. lbid., pp. 137-8. 17. lbid., Ii, pp. 36, 109. 18. lbid., I, pp. 137-8; II. pp. 3-6, 137; not to be confused with Antonio Gomez. .Tigua Indian in same narratives. 19. AGN, loc. cit. ' 20. Ritch Coll.. Box 2, N0. 25. 21. Sp. A.rrh.. I, No. 818. 22. B-H, III. p. 138. 23. Revolt. II, pp. 36, 137. Ibid. 25. AGN, inc. cit., t. 507, pp. 726-7. 26. Ibld., t. 585. t. 511. 27. Ibid., t. 507. pp. 726-7: has Andres‘ only known signs 28. AG], Glmdalajura, leg. 138. pt. 2, No. 3690: Revolt. I, p. 16; El Pnlncio, Vol. 55, No. 8. PD. 234-5. GOMEZ de LUNA (See Luna) GCMEZ PARRA (See Gomez Barragén) [37] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES GOMEZ de TORRES (See Torres) GONZALEZ DOMINGO GONZALEZ, “El Gallego,” (The Galician) was a native of the Spanish province of Galicia and forty years of age in 1664.He was living in Santa Fe with his wife, Francisca Martin.‘ Three years later he was dead when his wife related an incident as to how her husband, a native of Spain, had been entrusted with some valuables by Gov. Lopez Mendizabal and his wife prior to their im prisonment by Gov. Peﬁalosa? Nothing more is known about him. Antonio Gonzérlez de Escalante is known to have lived in New Mexico prior to 1680. He was, perhaps, the “Antonio Torivio Gonza les,” a bachelor, seventeen years of age, who signed the muster-roll in 1681.“And he might have been a son of the preceding Domingo Gonzalez, since he distinguished himself from the numerous other Gonzalez people. All that is known for certain is that he did not return to New Mexico with the Reconquest, and that two children of his, by his wife Luisa Lucero de Godoy, married in Guadalupe del Paso long after the'Reconquest. Their mother had died by 1715,but their father was still living in 1718. ' These children were: Dionisio, twenty—five, who married his first cousin, Geronima Ro mero, at Guadalupe del Paso, September 30, 1715; and Antonio, born in Guadalupe del Paso, who there married Beatriz Suazo in 1718.‘ t . 1.218.AGN, l\Icx., Inq., t. 507, pp. 370, 382. 644; t. 596, pt. 2, 2. ll)ld., t. 608, ff. 412-14. 3. Revolt. II, . 66. 4. D31. 1715. No. 4: 1718, No. 3. GONZALEZ LOBON DOMINGO GONZALEZ was a native of Portugal, the brother of another soldier in New Mexico, Sebastian Gonzalez. Domingo is first mentioned in 1617 as an Alférez forty-five years old who knew Gero nimo Marquez for seventeen years,‘ hence had been in the New World since 1600. In 1625he was mentioned as a Captain, with his son Domingo, as escorts of the wagon-train to Mexico City.’ He must have brought his whole family back to New Spain with the in tention of not returning to New Mexico, for in 1627 he was ordered to return with his wife and children or else incur heavy penal [38] ties.3 Later, in 1660, his children mentioned this trip when they testified that, after hav ing been confirmed by Fr. Perea in New Mexico, the entire family, including the par ents, had been re—confirmed by a Bishop in New Spain.‘ In 1631, Domingo declared that he was sixty years old and a brother of the Alfér-ez Sebastian Gonzalez. His wife was Magdelena de Carva.jal.5 His wife was most likely a daughter of Juan de Vitoria Carvajal. Their known chil dren were Jwm, Diego, and Domingo, and their sisters, who came to be known as the “Gonzdlez Lobén” family,“ probably harking 'l‘llE Sl"IVl'lNTl'Il<‘.N'1‘ll CENTUICY back to a Lobon grandparent; as such they were (listinguishcd from their first cousins, the “Gonzdlcz Bern.al” family group. ness concerning gubernatorial scandals in 1664,when she was forty-eight years old and a widow.” Again she was an important wit ness late in 1705, when she was too old to re Juan Gonzdlez Lobén, eldest of the family, was forty years of age in 1660 and, as a henchman of Gov. Lopez Mendizabal, a bait er of the friars who was described by them as a buffoonf Diego and Domingo Gonzalez ‘ Lobon were his brothers, and they had sis ters, all living in Santa Fe.” Dieg-o Gonzalez Lobén was a resident of Santa Fe in 1661 when his wife, Margarita Pérez, was unjustly imprisoned by Gov. L6 pez Mendizabal.” It was told that Diego had stolen something from this Governor and had fled to New Spain,” while others reported (in 1663) that the Governor had sent him into exile.“ Anyway, he was on the good side of the next Governor, Peﬁalosa, who sent him to Mexico with the proceedings of his pre decessor’sresidencia and trial." Domingo Gonzfxlez Lobén, except when mentioned with his two brothers, cannot be distinguished elsewhere because the “Lobén” name is not used. Antonia Gonzdlez de Vitoria was a sister of Diego Gonzalez Lobon and an aunt of a Pedro de Montoya.” Her full name also links her with her mother’s Carvajal family. A na tive of Santa Fe, she was an important wit AGN, Mex.. Inq., t. 318. Am, Contad., legs. 726, 729, Data; Benavides. 1634, p. Ibld., leg. 728, Data. AGN. Ibld., Ihld., lhld., ]bId., . lbul., 10. Ihld., “-'9".“S"F-"!“5".°.N!" loc. en... t. 587. pp. 309-10. t. 372, I. 14; 1hld., exp. 19, t. 18. t. 587. p. 307. pp. 17, 215. {$09-10; t. 594. pp. 192, 358-60. t. 587, p. 307. TIL-rrns, t. 3268. Mcx.. l.nq.. L 594. p. 280. 11. IbId.. p. 314: since Lobfm is omitted here, it might refer to Diego Gonzalez B:-mn.l. call her years.“ Perhaps she is the Doﬁa An tonia Gonzalez mentioned in 1682 as the wi dow of Esteban Macse.” Gonzalez people who passed muster in 1680-81,and are not positively identified as Gonzalez Bernal, might belong to the Lobén group. Domingo Gonzcilez, single, passed muster in 1680with a family of seven, which consist ed of his mother, brothers, and sisters.“ He does not appear in 1681, unless he is a “Pe dro” Gonzdlez, native of New Mexico, twen ty-one and married; he had a robust medium build, with a plump face, large eyes, thick black hair, beard, and eyebrows.” Sebasticin Gonzcilez, Adjutant, signed his name every time he was required. He was married in 1680and had eight children.” In 1681 he gave his age as twenty-six, and was described as married, of medium height, with a swarthy aquiline face, thick beard, and partly gray black hair?" He had owned lands near Santa Cruz which were asked for by others in 1700, since he had not returned to New Mexico with the Reconquest but had stayed at San Lorenzo del Paso.“ There he signed two testimonies at this period.” He might be he same man who married a Maria del Rio at Guadalupe del Paso in 1714.“ 12. lhld.. t. 507. pt. 1. L 1'23. 13. lM(]., L 596. pt. 2, I. 157. 1'1. lhld., t. 507. D9. 405-6. 15. D31. 1703. No. 10. 16. AGN, Inc. cit. L 1551. I. 382. 17. Rovuli, I. p. 150. 18. IbId., II. DD. 51. 130. 19. Il)lIl., I. pp. 119, 153-3. 178. 20. lhltl., II. P11 53, 123. 2]. Sn. Arch” 1, No. 400. 22. DM. 1699. N0. 9: 1705, N0. 1U 23. lhId., 1714. No. 2. "£391 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES GONZALEZ BERNAL SEBASTIAN GONZALEZ is first mention ed in 1626as an Alférez of Portuguese birth} He said he was forty years old in 1632,‘aresi dent of Santa Fe, and father—in—lawof Diego Garcia, brother of Juan Garcia [Holgado].2 He was one of the four Regents of New Mex ico in 1642, when he gave his age as forty five. His wife was Isabel Bernal, daughter of Juan Griego and Pascuala Bernal.3 She and her family did not get along very well with her brother —in - law Domingo Gonzalez,‘ founder of the Lobon group. To all appearances, the children of this family were Diego, Antonio, and Juan, all known as “Gonzalez Bernal”; and also their sister, name not known, who was married to Diego Garcia. Though first cousins to the Gonzalez Lobén family, they formed a dis tinct clan, identified for generations with that of “los Griegos.” as secretary of the Cabildo. He gave Santa Fe asthis birthplace.” Iucm Gonzalez Bernal and his wife, Apolo nia, are mentioned in 1663as belonging to the “Griegos.” A daughter of theirs was involved in an affair with a Pedro de Arteaga.” As late as 1703,two daughters of Juan Gonzalez Bernal, Melchora and Antonia Gonzalez Bas, were claiming Santa Fe property that had once belonged to Isabel Bernal [their grand mother]." * It If 3 II * 1! # Francisco Gonzalez Bernal was the only one who registered with the full name in 1680. He signed as a widower, accompanied by his mother, a widowed sister-in-law, and five nieces.” This mother was most likely Felipa Jiménez Garcia, widow of Diego Gonzalez Bernal, while the widowedisister-in-law was the widow of Juan Gonzalez Bernal, with her Diego Gonzalez Bernal was Alcalcte Mayor of San Marcos Pueblo in 1661,“Provincial de daughters Antonia, Melchora, and three younger ones. la Hermanclad,” as well as Regent and Pro A Francisco Bernal who passed muster in curator General of the Kingdom? In 1663,as Alcalde Mayor of the large Pueblo of Galis— 1681, and a Francisco Gonzalez, married and twenty-three years old,“ might be this same teo, he wrote to Governor Mendizabal against the friars,“ and so might be the Diego Gon Francisco Gonzalez Bernal, since they are not mentioned in 1680. zalez (if not the Apodaca one) who with Ni colas de Aguilar tried to debase the poor, aged Padre of Tajique.' In that year he fled Sebastian Gonzalez (without “Bernal”) to New Spain.“ He and his brother Antonio passed muster in 1680,married and with four are often mentioned together.” children." He registered in 1681 as a native Diego’s wife was Felipa Jiménez Garcia, of New Mexico and married, and was de still living as a widow in 1687;‘° she was the scribed as slender with a long face, scant daughter of 'a certain Juan Jiménez.“ Which beard, and having thick, black hair.” His of the Gonzalez Bernal individuals of the home before the 1680 Rebellion was in the next generation were their children is hard Canada district.” Unlike the other man of the to say. same name who stayed in Guadalupe del Paso, he returned with the Reconquest, later Antonio Gonzalez Bernal was twenty-six to identified as a Gonzalez Bas, but coming thirty years old in 1661when he was acting somehow under the Bernal classification. [40] IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Domingo and Sebastian Gonzalez, the Port uguese brothers, might have been the sons of Diego Blandin, one of Oﬁate’s soldiers. He 1. AGN, M:-x.. 1nq., t. 356. ft. 277-316. 2. lbld., t. 304. ft. 190. 193-194; Ortiz '1‘:-ln.l,it. 44-46; AGI, Pain-onato. leg. 244, Rama 7, doc. 16, p. 90. 3. IbId., t. 372, 1. 10. 4. Ihld., 1. 14. 5. lhld., Tlcrms, t. 3268, pp. 353. 384-448; he can easily be confused with Dlcgo Gonzalez Lohon and Diego Gonzalez do Apndnﬂl. 6. Ib|d., Mex., Inq., t. 594, f. 6. 7. Ibld., I. 46. 8. B-H. III, p. 138. 9. AGN, loc. dt., 1:. 587. DD. 361. 375, 386; t. 507, p. 1665. was forty years of age in 1598, a native of Coimbra in Portugal, and the son of Diego Gonzalez." 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1G. 17. 18. 19. 20. DM. 1687, No. 1. AGN, loc. clt., t. 594, exp. 1, t. 7. See Note 9. IAGN, loc. clt., t. 596, Pt. 2, f. 161. Sp. Arch.. 1. N0. 929. Revolt, I. p. 146. lhld., II, pp. 44, 197. IbId.. I, pp. 146. 177. lbld., II, pp. 198, 132. Sp. Arch., I, No. 818. Ofinte. p. 188. GONZALEZ de APODACA (See Apodaca) GRIEGO JUAN GRIEGO answered the Oﬁate mus ter-roll at Casco in 1597, declaring that he was accompanied by his wife, and that he was a native of the City of Candia in Greece, the son of Lazaro Griego} On another occa sion, the same year, he gave “Negroponte” as his birthplace,2 and this is the place he also gave in 1598,when he was entered as the son of Lazaro Griego, thirty—two years old, a na tive of Greece in “Negropote,” of good sta ture, gray—bearded,with a big wound on the forehead? If born in or near Candia, in Crete, he was not only a contemporary but also a fellow-townsman of the great painter in Spain, Domenico Theotocopuli, otherwise known by his Italo—Spanish nickname of “El Greco.” Was Juan Griego’s family name also so hard to pronounce that even his father was known as “the Greek”? Still living, and an Alférez, in 1631, Juan gave his age as sixty.‘ His wife, Pascuanla Ber nal, was dead by 1626.5 Their known sons were: Juan II, Lazaro, and Francisco (this latter went by the name of Bernal). Their daughters were Catalina Biernal,wife of Juan Duran,‘ Maria Bernal, married to Juan G6 mez Barragan, Isabel Bernal, wife of Sebas tian Gonzalez, and Juana Bernal, married to Diego de Moraga.’ Iucm Griego H was already married to Juana de la Cruz in 1626;she was the daugh ter of Juan de la Cruz, “el Catalan,” and Bea triz de los Angeles.*‘In 1661 he declared that he was born in Santa Fe, and was a captain fifty-six years old at the time.” In this same year he was referred to as being of the same age and having recently returned from a pro longed stay outside New Mexico.” Although dead before 1680, he was still remembered after the Reconquest in connection with his old homestead at La Canada.“ His known children, all Griegos, were Ni colas, Blas,” Maria de la Cruz Aleman, wife of Diego Lopez del Castillo,” Graciana, mar ried to Francisco Xavier,” and Juana, nick named “La Clériga.”” Lazaro Griego is mentioned briefly in 1628 as the son of Juan Griego. Nothing more is known about him, except that he is mention ed in 1642with his brother, the Captain Juan Griego (II).“’ For Francisco (Griego) Bernal, see Bernal. [411 O OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES ORIGINS Nicolés Griego, son of Juan Gricgo II, was dead before 1.680,since he does not appear in the Revolt lists. His wife was Antonia Mar tin, by whom he had three daughters, Cata lina, Juana, and Maria, who were claiming their father’s land in Santa Fe years after the Reconquest. Catalina was married to Diego Trujillo.“ Blas Griego escaped the 1680massacre with seventeen persons in his family, made up of wife, children, and servants.” In 1681he was described as a native of New Mexico, thirty four to thirty—seven years old, married, tall and thin, swarthy, with black hair and beard.” As late as 1703, he and his sister Juana, “La Clériga,” had not returned to San ta Fe from Guadalupe del Paso.” He was an officer of the Confraternity of La Conquista dora in 1685.“ >1! * * * * * =0! =1! Other Griegos listed in the 1680-81Revolt documents are the following: Juan Griego, extremely poor, with wife and child. He was twenty-nine, born in New Mexico, with a good stature, slender and swarthy, having an emaciated face, black hair and beard.“ In 1682 he was bedridden and unable to answer a muster-roll call.” He AG], Mex., Aud., leg. 25, Pt. 1. ll)l1l., Pt. 2. I~°9°."9‘f-":“‘.°’!°!" 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Ofmtc, p. 192. AGN, Mex.. Inq., t. 372, Exp. 19, f. 13. Ibld.. t. 356. I. 312. Ihld., ff. 312-313: L 372, Exp. 19, f. 13. lhId., t. 372. I‘. 9. Ihld., t. 304. ff. 186, 312-313. lhId.. t. 596. Pt. 1, f. 30. Ibld.. t. 587, pp. 362, 375, 386. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 818. IhId., Nos. 294, 337, 929. AGN, loo. cit., t. 587. pp. 315-316. Ibld.. t. 596. Pt. 2. I. 212. Sp. Al-ch.. loc. clt. was perhaps a son of Juan Gricgo II, or per haps of Lazaro, if the latter ever had a fam ily. Juan Griego, a contemporary of the same name, was not married when he passed mus ter in 1680 with seven persons, his mother, brothers and/or sisters, “and another boy.” He was nineteen or twenty, a native of New Mexico, possessing a good physique, large eyes, a pointed, beardless chin, and long hair.“ He very probably was the son of the late Nicolas Griego, and was accompanied by the widowed Antonia Martin and his three sisters. Bartolomé Griego was a youth killed by the Santa Clara Indians in August, 1680.“ Agustin Grtego, single, passed muster with his mother, brothers and/or sisters, and was proficient, and very useful to the Governor, as an interpreter in the Tewa language.” In 1681 he was described as a bachelor twenty four years old, born in New Mexico, tall and slender, swarthy, having a long, beardless face, a long nose, and black hair.“ He was still living in 1690,“ but it is not known if he actually returned with the Reconquest. His widow, Josefa Lujdn, and their son, Miguel Angel, were living in the Rio Arriba area in 1713.2“ 16. 160. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. W. 23. 24. AGN, Inc. (-IL. t. 30-1, 1. 190; Ortlz Trial, Sn. Ax-ch., Inc. clt. RA-will. I, pp, 16. 119, 145. Ibld., II, pp. Sp. Arrh.. I, 01.0, p. 55. R:-volt, I, p. BNM. log. 2. fl. 14v, 18. 45, 127. No. 294. 150; II, p. 121. Pt. 3. ft. 338-340. Ih‘\'ul(. I, p. 1-18; II, p. 140. lbld.. I. p. 10. l|)l(I., pp. 4, 150. lhId.. II. pp. 140-141, 195. 1).“. 1690. No. 1. '25. 26. 27. 28. Sp. Ar('h.. II. No. 187. GUADALAJARA DON DIEGO DE GUADALAJARA was in Santa Fe as early as 1636.‘He was a member of the Cabildo in 1639.’ In 1643 he accompa nied the Mexico City wagon train as an es cortf’ By 1660 he had a flourishing estancia [42] on the Rio del Norte six leagues from the Pu eblo of Alamillo.‘ Don Diego was a native of Oaxaca, and “married in New Mexico,” al though there is no record of his wife’s name or relationships. By 1665 a grown son of his, Francisco, had left New Mexico and was re THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY siding in Ch:il(.'o.” As ¢'nornn.r’u(l.r'mof the .l'u eblo of Sovillcta, Diego employed Indians for his personal profit, making them haul salt from the Salinas district.“ In 1654 he had led an expedition to the Rio de las Nueces coun try in present Texas.’ A (laughter of his, .lm'in!u. liwnardo y Quiros, was the wife of Felipe Romero, who had his homestead in the same Rio Abajo area. She gave her age as twenty-seven in 1667.“ No male children were left in New Mexico to pass on the family name. 1. BNM, leg. 1, Pt. 1. PD. 470-504. 2. B-H. III. P. 57. 3. AGI, Onnta,d., leg. 738. Dnm. 4. AGN, Mex., Inq.. L 587, p. 17. 5. G. 7. 8. lhld.. t. 507, Pt. 4, f. 450. lhld., t. 594, f. 112. BNM, leg. 2. Pt. 3. HP. 410-411. AGN, loc. ('lt.. L 610, Exp. 7. 1. 63: l. 608. ff. 417-427. GUILLEN Francisco Hernandez Guillén was entered in the Oﬁate lists of 1597,accompanied by his wife, two daughters (one of them married), his son-in—law,and a granddaughter.‘ Anoth er source states that both girls were over fif teen years old? Fifty years of age in 1598, Francisco was a native of Sevilla, the son of Hernan Pérez; he had a good stature, grayish hair, and a red beardﬁ Cristobal Guillén, twenty, the son of Diego Guillén and born in Mexico City, also came in 1598;he was of medium height and beard less.‘ through 1600 to 1680,without its being men tioned in between, remains to be discovered. Only one Guillén appears in 1681. Salvador Guillén, thirty-three, married, and born in New Mexico, had a good stature, swarthy complexion, no beard, black and thick hair, and scars like those of a bum on his neck.",No connection has been found be tween this man and some individuals of this name in New Mexico shortly after the Re conquest. Juan Guillén was in the guard escorting AG], Pntrnnnto, 22, Pt. 5. p. 771. ll)ld.. Mt-x.. Aud., Pt. 2. Oﬁnte, p. 192. Illlll. the wagon-train in 1608.5 Which of these three passed down the name .°‘5":“P°.'~".*‘ AG], Contnd., leg. 850, Data. Revolt, II. p. 140. GUTIERREZ ALONSO GUTIERREZ is first mentioned in 1626as a fortyiyear-old married soldier of Santa Fe.‘ By 1641 he was an Alférez, fifty five years of age, accordingto his testimony, and residing in Santa Fe.’ His wife was Ana Cadimo, thirty years old in 1631,”most prob ably the daughter of Francisco Cadimo, and sister to Francisca Cadimo, wife of Geronimo Pacheco. A1onso’s origin is not known. In 1600 there came a Domingo Gutiérrez, thirty years old and a native of La Palma in the Canary Is lands; he was short, round-faced, well-beard ed.‘ Then there was Captain Juan Gutiérrez B-ocanegra, forty-four, son of Alonso de Cuen ca and a native of Villanueva de los Infantes. He was tall and black-bearded.“ No connec tion has been found between either of these two and Alonso. [43] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Roque Gutierrez was a native of New Mex ico who lived in the middle of the century and had died before 1680. He was present at the dedication of the Guadalupe del Paso Mission in 1668,“probably stationed there as a soldier. What relation he bore to the pre ceding Alonso Gutiérrez is not ascertainable either; nor is there further direct mention of him. We know of him and his wife, Maria de Tapia, through marriages of their children in the years following the Indian Rebellion. These children, minors in 1680-1681,were: Alejo, who married Maria Naranjo; Maria, wife of Juan Cedillo; Lucia, who married Bal tasar Francisco de la Peﬁa; Isabel, wife of José Gonzalez de Apodaca; and, perhaps, a Juan Roque associated with them. Felipe Gutiérrez was twenty-five years old when the Indians rebelled, but was away in 1680,perhaps with the Leyva party waiting for the wagon-train at Guadalupe del Paso. 1. AGN, M1-.x., !nq.. In 1681 he passed mu:;i.er as :1native of New Mexico, married, twenty-six years old; he was tall and slender, beardless, and pack marked.’ From post-Reconquest data we know that his wife was Isabel de Salazar and that they had a son, Francisco. Felipe was most likely a younger brother of Roque. Lorenzo Gutierrez passed muster in 1680 with his wife and one small child.“ But he is not heard of in 1681or after, having died or left the exile colony. * * * * * * Ill =0! Antonio Gutiérrez de Figueroa was not re lated to the preceding family. A native of Za catecas, he first appears in the muster-roll of 1681as a nineteen-year-old bachelor, describ ed as tall' and slim, with a fair complexion, red hair, and no beard.” He joined the Vargas colonists in their return to New Mexico in 1693. , Ibld., p. 188. Ocaranza. p. 69. Revolt. II. pp. 86, 104. t. 356, 1'. 299. 2. Ibld., t. 425, 1. 638; Ortiz Trial. 1!. 39. 49v. 3. AGN. Mex., I.nq., t. 372. I. 12. 4. Oﬂnm. p. 202. 7 $"9°.“.°’SJ‘ HERAS , de las MARCOS DE LAS HERAS came to New Mexico as a volunteer guard of the convicts sent up in 1677.He was twenty-two years old, a native of Santander, the son of Martin de las Heras. He was described as having a good physique, small forehead, and thick eyebrows, his face marked by smallpox.‘ Three years later, in 1680,he was Alcalde Mayor of Taos.’ Mentioned in April of that year as a sort of official} he does not appear in the Revolt an nals of the following August or afterwards. 1. B-H, III, p. 317. 2. Doc. Hist. do Mox., p. 1.17. [441 An incomplete matrimonial investigation in 1694 concerns the marriage of Manuel Fer nandez de Vargas and Luisa Pascuala, daugh ter of a Marcos Sanchez de la Cruz and Ber nardina de las Heras, both deceased. Since this man’s name occurs nowhere else, it could be, as sometimes happened, that the parents’ names were transposed, and the girl was the young daughter of Marcos de las Heras and Bernardina Sanchez de la Cruz, both of whom had died before August, 1680.‘ 3. 4. DM, 1680. No. 1. lbld., 16'.)-1, No. 18. T1111‘.SEVEN'l'l‘JEN’l‘ll CENTURY ,HERNANDEZ There were several Herndndez individuals in the Ofiate troops of 1598 and 1600. Besides Francisco Hernandez Guillen (see Guilten), there were the following: Francisco Herndndez Cordero, twenty-two, a native of Guadalajara in New Galicia, the ' son of Rodrigo Fernandez Cordero, of good stature and beardless} Gonzalo Herndndez, fifty, a native of Coim bra and the son of Pedro Alonso Falcon, hav ing a good stature and gray hair.” Antonio Hermindez, thirty-three years of age, the son of Francisco Simon, and likewise a Portuguese soldier of Braga; he was tall and chestnut-bearded? This same man ap pears also in the 1600lists, having gone down to New Spain to bring back new troops.‘ Diego Hernandez Barriga, twenty-five, a native of Mogucr, was well—built and well bearded.-" Francisco Herncindez (Guillen?) was in the wagon—train escort of 1617.“ Bartolomé Hermindez was in the Peralta escort of 1609.’ Rodrigo Herndndez, Sargento M-ayor, ac companied Juan de Mondragon back to New Mexico in 1653.5 Diego Herndndez was killed by the J émez Indians in 1626.9 There were no adult male Hernandez peo ple among the refugees of 1680. A widow, Maria, Herncindez, appeared with her four children.” Who her husband was, or her par ents, is not known so far; any of her children who might be boys would most likely bear their father’s name. oﬁate, p. 190. lhId., p. 192. AGI. Cnntad.. leg. 723, Data. IhId., leg. 711. Data. lbld., leg. 747, Data. lhld. lhld., p. 202. S":'“S*’!‘7!“ AGN. 1\[ex.. Inq.. t. 356, 1. 299. 0. Revolt, I, p. 159. Ibld., p. 207. "S°9°."9‘ HERRERA JUAN DE HERRERA, according to his children and grandchildren, was a “first Con quistador,” that is, he had come with Of1ate’s troops or in the first years of the New Mexico colony.‘ However, it is impossible to identify him with several of the same name in that period. A Juan de Herrera, twenty years old, came in 1600; he was the son of Francisco de Her rera and a native of Mexico City, of medium height, round—faced,with a beard starting to grow? Another Juan -deHerrera, also a native of Mexico City, the son of Cristobal de Avila, came with the wagon—train escort guard of 1613.“This was perhaps the man married in 1626 to a Leonor Hermindez of Querétaro,‘ whose likely son was another “Juan de Her rera,” of the same social scale, who was in the guard that took Governor Mendizabal back to New Spain in 1661.5 Our Juan de Herrera, therefore, was most likely the twenty-year-old soldier described in 1600.He held the encomienda of Santa Clara and Jémez throughout his lifetime, and was a member of the Council in 1642.“He donated some of his land before 1680to the Franciscan Mission of San Juan.’ Other lands of his in the Canada area were inherited after the Re conquest by an Isabel Gonzalez.” His old es tancia there was still remembered in 1696.” He had died well before 1680, but we know that the same man is meant in the foregoing citations because some of his children appear in the documents cited. From the marriage of two of his children, Miguel and Isabel, we know that his wife was Ana Lopez del Cas tillo, who had also died before 1680. [451 D ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES 'I‘hcir known children were as follows: Juan II, Antonio, Miguel, Ana Maria, Euge nia, who married" Antonio de Cordoba, Isabel, wife of Cristobal Tafoya, and, possibly, Jose fa, wife of Domingo Martin Serrano. their son, Domingo, was thirty-three years old in 1683;” hence Marcos was an adult al ready in the first half of the century. Domingo -de Herrera, son of Marcos, was re Iuan rde Herrera II was already married prior to 1680,” but he must have been away from New Mexico at the time the Pueblos rebelled. However, he passed muster in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, twenty—three years old, married, having a good and slender build, a long face, and good features.“ His wife’s name is not known, nor those of his children, if any. He and his brother Antonio were stationed as soldiers at Guadalupe de] Paso as late as 1715, when he gave his age as forty-nine;” however, both were back in New Mexico when the estate of their brother-in law Cristobal Tafoya was probated.” Antonio Id'e Herrera Was twenty-eight in 1681,single, and holding the position of adju tant. He was then described as a native of New Mexico, having a good stature, and black hair and beard.“ Following the Reconquest the family kept on living in Guadalupe del Paso, but in 1705,his sister Eugenia returned to New Mexico with the rest of the family.” Two children of his married at Guadalupe del Paso; Antonia with J osé de Padilla in 1711, and Victoria with Ignacio Padilla in 1718. Their mother was Agustina (or Francisca) Gomez.” The story of Miguel de Herrera and the rest of the family belongs in the next century. * * * * * * * * MARCOS DE HERRERA may or may not have belonged to the preceding family group. He had died or was gone from New Mexico before 1680.His wife was Francisca Gutiérrez; Bancroft MSS. SWO, 1784. Oﬁnle, p. 205. AG]. Contnd.. leg. 716, lbata. AGN. Me-x., Inq., . 356. I. 310. Ibld., t. 587. p. 401. Sp. 1, No. 311; Ortlz Trial, I. 12 mm. lhld.,Arch.. No. 823. Ihld., No. 311. lbld.. N0. 818. 10. Ibld., No. 311. 11. Revolt. II. pp. 60, 126. Twenty-throc seems too young an I-".°°.“S7‘S":‘-".°’.'°!“ siding at Taos when the Indians struck in 1630.They killed his wife, seven children, his mother-in-law, and two brothers-in—law.” He was spared because at the time he was with the Leyva escort guard at Guadalupe del Paso. This he mentioned when he -applied to marry again in 1683.Here he said that he was thirty-three years old, born at La Canada, and a resident of Taos when the Indians kill ed his first wife, Maria Ramos. The woman he now married was Maria Martin, widow of Antonio Lujén.” Very likely he returned with the Reconquest. His widow was living in Santa Cruz in 1710with her sons, Juan and Francisco.” Leonor de Herrera, wife of Agus tin Séez, might have been her daughter. * * * * * =1: * Other Herreras mentioned in 1680-1681Re volt annals were the following: Cristobal de Herrera was a youth killed at Tesuque in August, 1680, on the day Father Sanchez de Pro was slain.“ Nicolas cle Herrera, twenty-four and a na tive of New Mexico, single, passed muster in 1681. He was of medium height with broad shoulders, very swarthy, with black, curly hair and beard, and large eyes with much of the white showing. With him were his wi dowed mother and several brothers and/or sisters.” Francisca de Abrega escaped with eight children and grandchildren.“ She might well have been the Francisca de Herrera Abrigo who in 1634 was the twenty-year-old second wife of Alonso Martin Barba. 12. 13. 14. 1:"). 16. 17. 18. Sp. Arch., Inc. (-ll. Bancroft. Inc. (‘IL Revolt, II, pp. 81. 101. 124. Sn. Arr-|I., II. No. 108. D31. 1711. No. 4; 1718, No. 2. Ihld.. 1683, No. 1. llnvolt. I, pp. 1-17. 176. DM. Inc. rlt. 19. N. Sn. An-h.. II. No. 160. 21. Revolt. I. pp. 7-10. 22. lhId.. II, pp. 81. 101. 131. 23. Ibld., I. pp. 151-152. THE Sl')VlL‘N'l‘lSl'3N'l‘ll Cl£N'l‘UI{Y HERRERA CORRALES SEBASTIAN DE HERRERA CORRALES was not related to the foregoing Herreras. He was in New Mexico already in 1661,when he was twenty-six years old.‘ He was also the Royal Standard Bearer in that year when he declared that he had been born in Conil in Lower Andalue1'a.2Having deserted his post at the Presidio of Cerro Gordo, or Parral, he had fled north to Santa Fe and married there? In 1663 he made a complaint against Governor Mendizabal for sending him to Taos right after his wife had given birth to their child.‘ In 1680, by then a Sargento Mayor, he chanced to be in Taos on a Visit, together with his wife, mother-in-law, and a brother-in law. On the August days that the Indian Re bellion broke out he happened to be in the Ute country with the Sargento Mayor, Don Fernando D. y Chaves (his host, probably). Finding their families massacred on their re turn, they slipped past the Taos rebels, as also those of La Canada, and Santa Fe, and caught up with the fleeing Rio Abajo people, to AGN, Mex., 11111.,t. 587, pp. 361, 375, 386. 7. 8. lhId., II. PD. 38-39. D31, 1682. No. 4. AGN, loc. 1:12., t. 594, p. 59. 9. Revolt, I, p, 139; II. p. 136. lhld., t. 596, Pt. 1. 1. 16. Ibld., t. 594, p. 278; Tlerras, t. 3268. Pp. 300-302. ‘f-"’S*":“S”!"!" whom they gave the first news about the sit uation in the north.” He passed muster short ly after with one son of military age, two other younger sons, and two small daughters, declaring that the enemy had killed his wife, mother-in-law, and brother—in-law.“ In the following year he gave his age as forty-two.’ In 1682Sebastian asked to marry Maria de la Escallada-, widow of Andrés Peralta. Here we learn that his parents were Juan de Her rera Corrales and Juana Garcia Yngenia, both natives of Conil. His first wife, slain in Taos, was Juana de Aragénf‘ The children by this first marriage were: Sebastian, “el mozo,” the young son of mili tary age, sixteen years old in 1681, and de scribed as a native of New Mexico, tall, with a beardless, aquiline face and long red hair;" Marria, already married to Nicolas Lucero de Godoy;‘° Juana, who married Pedro Varela de Losada;“ Josefa Gertrudis, seventeen and single at San Lorenzo in 1682,” who might be the Josefa de Herrera who married Juan de Avalos. It cannot be ascertained if any males of these Herreras returned to New Mexico. 10. Revolt, I. pp. 57-59, 175. Ibld., p. 139. AC-N, Inc. (-It., t. 1551, 1. 385. 11. Ihld., Inc. ('It.; Sp. Areh., I. No. 7'28. 12. AGN, loc. cIt., 11. 375-385. HIDALGO (See Cabinillas) PEDRO HIDALGO is first heard of when he escaped the Tesuque Indians, August 10, 1680,after he saw them kill Father Sanchez de Pro.‘ He passed muster with a family of eight persons, and was described as being thirty-four years old, a native of New Mexico, of good stature, swarthy, with a thick beard and short, curly hair; he also had the sear of a burn on his neck. (See Guillen.)2 At Guad alupe del Paso he was an officer of the Con quistadora Confraternityﬁ From later sources we know that his wife, and mother of his son Alfonso, was Ana Gricgo Montoya,‘ also referred to as Ana Martz'n Gricgo in 1705, residing as a widow in Guadalupe del Paso.“ A literate man, Hidalgo [47] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES had acted as a notary for the friars, as may be seen in diligcncias matrimonialcs between 1682and 1694.He also acted as interpreter for the Pecos when Vargas made his first Entry 1. Revolt, I, pp. 5-7, 96. 2. lMd., I, p. 149: II, pp. 43, 128. 3. OLC, pp. 55. 63. in 1692."Neither he nor any of his family re turned to New Mexico in 1693 or after. Alfonso Hida-lgomarried Ana Maria Maese at El Real de San Lorenzo in 1701.’ 4. I 5. (3. 7. DM, ll)ld.. First DM, 1701. No. 5. 1705, N0. 10. Expvtlltloll. p. 169. 1701, No. 5. HINOJOS HERNANDO DE HINOJOS (Ynojos) and his brother SEBASTIAN appear in the 1597 Casco roll of Of1ate’sforces as natives of Car taya, Condado de Niebla, the sons of Juan Ruiz.‘ Hernando was thirty-six years old in 1598,when he was described as having a good stature and a chestnut beard; here again he was mentioned as a native of Cartaya, the son of Juan Ruiz, and brother of Sebastian Rodri guez? He might be the Hernando “Yﬁiguez” who escorted Father J iménez to New Mexico in 1608.3 As a captain, then also Procurator General for the Kingdom, he accompanied the wagon-trains in 1613 and 1617.‘ His bro ther Sebastian was killed at Acoma in 1598. Hernando’s wife was Beatriz Pérez de Bus tillos, who was mentioned as his widow by 1632.5A known son of theirs was Miguel, and a daughter, Geronima, was the wife of Fran cisco de Anaya;° also, it seems, another Hino jos by the name of Juan. Miguel de Hinoios, son of Fernando, held the Alcaldia of Jémez until Governor Mendi zébal took it from him prior to 1663.He acted as bondsman for Nicolas Ortiz in 1642.7 In 1651he claimed the encomienda of Humanos Pueblo by reason of his being the son of “one of the Conquistadores, Hernando de Hinojos.” He also said that he had ,a brother [Juan?], whose name he did not mention." Miguel also owned lands on the Santa Fe River about a league south of the Villa.“ It is not known if he was married or, if so, .who his wife was. A daughter of his, Maria, [48] wife of a certain Juan de Vega, seems to have had an Apache mother.” Iucxn Ruiz d-e Hinoios was one of the eight soldiers of the anti—Rosasfaction beheaded by Governor ‘Pacheco in 1643.“ He could well have been the brother mentioned by Miguel. Other people of this name mentioned brief ly in the early part of the century were as follows: Agustin de Hinoios and Catalina de Hinojos acted together as wedding sponsors in 1639.” Agustin was a member of the Santa Fe Ca bildo in 1639.” In 1646 he was in the guard that escorted Governor Guzman.” He carved his name on Inscription Rock in 1636. Matias de Hinojos was in the escort guard of 1640.“ Cristobal de Hinojos was present in 1668at the dedication of Mission Guadalupe del Paso." The adult male Hinojos living at the time of the 1680Indian Revolt were the following: Hernando de Hinojos, Adjutant, who with a family of five persons escaped the massacre.” In 1681 he was described as a native of New Mexico, thirty—six years old, married, with a good stature, a thick and partly gray beard, and thick, black hair.” The following year, giving his age as thirty—eight,he testified con cerning some persons who had run away from the exile colony.’-’° '1‘ ll Diego dc llinojos passed muster in 1681 as a bachelor twenty—three or twenty—l'nuryears of age, and all alone. He was a native of New Mexico, having a good slender build, wavy hair, curly mustache and beard, and small, black eyes.“ Juan Ruiz de Hinojos, twenty—three, passed AGI, Mex” Aud., leg. 25, Pt. 1.. 1'} S I". V 1'} N 'l‘ 1*‘.1') N '1‘ I! L‘ H N 'l‘ U It Y muster in 1681 without further description, and is not heard of .'1;§:1in.'~"~’ These men were descendants of either lli nojos brother of Oﬁate’s times, as also some women married or single who appear in New Mexico in Reconquest times. But it seems as though no male member returned.“ 11. Ch. and State, p. 175; Ortlz Trial, 1'. SV. 13. AGN, Inc. cIl.. t. 571, esp. 8, I. 230. Ofmtc. p. 200. AG], Contml., leg. 707, Data. Ibld., leg. 716, Data; AGN, l\Iex., Inq., t. 318. AGN, Ioe. clt., t. 372, 1. 8. Ilild., t. 596, Pt. 2, I. 161. Ibld., 1. 156; Ortlz Trlal, ft. 39 sqq. AGN, Tlerrns, t. 3268, pp. 262-263. 9. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 488. 10. AG-N, Mex., Inq., t. 596, Pt. 1, f. 66: this Vega, not a .°“:~‘F”S":“.°’!"!" New Mexican, was Peﬁa1osa's barber and back In Mexico City by 1% (lbld., t. 594, Pt. 2, 1. 594). 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. B-ll, III. p. 57. AGI, Contml., leg. 740, Data. Ibid., leg. 736. Data. Ocaranza. p. 69. Revolt. I. p. 150. Ihld., II, pp. 42, 113. 352. 20. 21. 22. 23. BNM, leg. 2. Pt. 3, p. 279. Revolt, II. pp. 64, 134. 195. Ibld., p. 68. Ct. El Paltwlo, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 99-101. HOLGUHJ (See Olguin) HURTADO The Hurtado soldiers in the Oﬁate lists seem to be identical with individuals later re ferred to as “Jiménez.” The large Hurtado family of this century stemmed from a dif ferent person who came much later. ANDRES HURTADO is first mentioned in 1661as a captain thirty-three years old} He was born in the city of Zacatecas and was then living in the Sandia district. In 1664he was a captain of cavalry and also Syndic of the Franciscans. His wife was Berna?-clina de Salas y Orozcoﬁ Andrés also held the enco mienclas of Santa Ana and neighboring pu eblos; in this capacity he was cruelly perse cuted by Governor Lopez Mendizébal for his friendship with the friars. Though a regent and a procurator-general of the Kingdom, he was made to take his entire family from San die to Santa Fe in the dead. of winter, in 1661.3He was dead when fateful 1680 came around, but his widow and several of children not only escaped the massacre returned with the Reconquest in 1693. His wife, known also as Bcrnardina Salas, simply, or de Salas y Trujillo her but de (or Osorio), "was a grand-daughter of Maria de Vera, one of whose daughters had married Francisco de Trujillo, The Hurtado children were numerous: Lucia de Salazar (Salas, or Hurtado), wife of Captain Don Fernando D. y Chaves; Isabel de Salazar, third wife of Juan Lucero de Godoy; Maria de Salazar, la ter married to Manuel Baca;‘ and their Hur tado brethren, Andrés, Diego, Francisco, Mar tin, Marriana, who later married Manuel Val lejo; Catalina, later the wife of José Gallegos; and Juana, captured by the Indians in 1680 and rescued by her brother Martin in 1692. In the muster—rol1sfollowing the Indian Revolt, the Hurtados appear as follows: Diego Hurtado, married, declared a daugh ter and his mother, with five young sisters and two servants.” These were undoubtedly Dona Bernardina and the as yet unmarried sisters, Isabel, Catalina, Maria, Mariana, and a fifth whose name has not been encountered. In 1681Diego was described as being twenty three or twenty—four years of age, married, tall and slim with good features, wavy hair [49] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO Ir‘/XMILIES and no beard. He passed muster with his bro ther Andrés." Diego and his wife, Josefa dc la Fuentc, were dead by 1694when their daugh ter, Juana, married Cristobal de Cuéllar.’ Andrés Hurlado H, mentioned as Diego’s brother, was a bachelor twenty or twenty two years of age in 1681; he was described as a native of New Mexico, swarthy and beardless, of good stature, with an aquiline face and curly hair? He was a soldier at the 1. 2. Prcsidio of Guadalupe del Paso in 1689when he married Antonia Dominguez." Francisco Hurtado enlisted in 1681with An drés. He was sixteen, single, a native of New 'Mexico, with an aquiline nose, no beard, and short, curly hair.” Marlin Hurtcxdo,too young to pass muster in 1680-81, was a soldier in Vargas’ Expedition of 1692, when he rescued his captive sister and her children.“ AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 587, ‘pp. 361. 375-386. lbid., t. 507. DD. 276, 548, 1327, 1680. Revolt. I, p. 144. Ii)ld., II, pp. 60, 111-112, 186, 199. 3. AGN, Tierras, t. 3208, p. 97; B-H, III, pp. 186-193: ct. El Paiacio, Vol. 55, No. 4, p. 117. 4. This use or the maternal surname by the three eldest girls suggests who the possibility of their name. being half-sisters to the younger children used the Hurtado DM. 1694, No. 30. Revolt, II, p. 138. D.\1, 1689. No. 2. . Revolt, I1, I00. cit. . First Expedition, p. 237. HQ. .. I-ll-|(2®~ld:Ul JIMENEZ JUAN JIMENEZ HURTADO, Alfér-ez, and his brother, ALONSO, were in Oﬁate’s mus ter-roll of 1597. They were the sons of Fer nando Jiménez Hurtado and natives of Me dina Sidonia in Spain.‘ Nothing more is heard about them under this full name; a Juan Hur tado, however, is listed among Oﬁate’s troops of 1600 without being described? But in the ' 1598 lists there is a Juan Jiménez, thirty years of age, the son of Francisco (Fernan do?) Jiménez, black-bearded and of medium height, who says he is a native of Trujillo.“ Perhaps this Juan was an altogether distinct individual, Iucm Iiménez, “the younger,” was living in New Meiéico in 1665 with his wife Catalina Durtin.‘ He was, therefore, the son of an “el 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. AG], Mex., Aud., leg. 25, PL 1. Oﬁntc, pp. 128, 209. IbId., p. . AGN, l\Iex., Inq., t. 608, L 431. Ibld., t. 594, t. 6. ‘ [ 50 Ii der” Juan Jiménez in New Mexico, any of the men previously listed. He was also referred to in 1663 as the father—in-law of a certain Diego Velésquezﬁ and also of Diego Gonzalez Bernal.“ It could be that Velasquez and Ber nal were one and the same man. Anyway, we learn many years later that Gonzalez Bernal’s wife was Felipa Jiménez Garcia.’ Francisco Iiménez was referred to in 1663as belonging to the Griego clan.“ Hence he was either a son or a nephew of Felipa Jiménez. He seems to be the Captain Francisco Jimé nez who was massacred at Pojoaque with his wife and entire family in 1680.9No other Ji ménez is given in the Revolt rolls. The house of Francisco Jiménez was still remembered at La Canada after the Reconquest.” IhId.. f. 7v. earn G. I-II: C) DM, 1687, AGN, Inc. Revolt, I, . . 1. Arch., No. 1. cit... t. 596, Pt. 2, L 161. pp. 10, 96. I, No. 818. '1‘ ll 1“. S 1'} V E N '1' 1'2 1'}N '1‘ II C I‘) N T U It Y JORGE JUAN JORGE, the son of Juan Jorge Griego [the Greek?], was a native of the town of Los Lagos and thirty-five years old when he came with Oﬁatc’s troops in 1600. He was tall and dark.‘ Manuel Iorge is mentioned as the armorer or blacksmith imprisoned by Governor Men dizébal in 1661.2He was married at the time.3 In 1658he received pay as official Armorer of New Mexico, having been appointed in 1655 to succeed Gaspar Pérez.‘ Apparently, Man uel was the son of the Greek (or half-Greek) Juan Jorge. His trade as a worker in metals confirms this supposition. If the following Jorge is his son, his wife might have belonged to the family of Diego de Vera and Maria Or tiz Baca.” Antonio Jorge de Vera was a resident of the Rio Abajo in 1661; he is mentioned posthu mously as a captain who had died before the Indian Revolt of 1680.His wife was Gertrudis Baca“ and their known children were Anto nio, Ana, wife of Alonso Garcia de Noriega, and Isabel, wife of Antonio Montaﬁo de Soto mayor. Antonio Jorge, the only adult male of this name in the Revolt lists, escaped the Indian massacre with a family consisting of his mo ther and two sisters,’ as given above. He was described in 1681 as a bachelor twenty or thirty years old, a native of New Mexico, having a fair complexion, good physique, and a broad face.” A captain by 1692,he took part Oﬁntc, p. 208. AGN. Mcx.. Inq., t. 507. p. 1319. lbld., t. 596, Pt. 2, 1. 156v. AG-I. Contmh, legs. 748, 759, Data. Cl. Vern nnd Alwndnﬁn. HM, 1694. No. 28; 13-11, III. p. 145. :*’9‘5".-“.‘*’!°" Revolt, I, p. 157. in the Vargas Expedition of that year; he ae companied the Royal Standard—Bearer, Don Fernando D. y Chaves, in leading the ceremo nial parade in the Conquest of Santa Fe." A Sargcnto Mayor in 1694, Antonio mar ried Catalina de Espinola in Santa Fe on De cember 28; here he gave his parents’ names as Antonio Jorge de Vera and Gertrudis Baca, both natives of New Mexico and deceased; he also declared that he was forty years old, sin gle so far, and a native of El Alamo, five leagues from Santa Fe.” The following year, less than eight months after the wedding, he was dead. From a subsequent marriage docu ment of his widow we know that he was buried at Santa Cruz. Isabel Jorge de Vera, Antonio’s sister, and Wife of Antonio Montaﬁo, is important be cause facts known about her shed light on many relationships concerning her family and some early Bacas. She was a grand daughter of Captain Antonio Baca and first cousin to Juan de Albizu.“ She was seventy years old in 1733,a very poor widow living in Albuquerque,” where she died, on November 25, 1736.” Bernabé Jorge is mentioned in 1701as hav ing received the first grant of the old Pueblo of La Ciénega from Vargas.“ He is not heard of again, but there is a strong possibility that he is none other than Berna-bé Baca of the early Eighteenth Century. The name of Jorge died here; if other male Jorges returned with the Reconquest, they might have become Bacas also. 8. lhld., II. pp. 83, 102. S). BNM. leg. 4, No. 1. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1):“. Inc. clt. Su. Art-lI.. I. No. 4113. lhld.. II, No. 37!). Bur-2. Allmqm‘rqu:-. Sp. Arch., I, No. 732. [511 ORIGINS OF NEVVMEXICO l"AMILlES IJURADO de GRACIA PEDRO JURADO DE GRACIA, Captain, and his wife Brianda de Salazar are mentioned as living in New Mexico in 1654.‘ It appears as though he moved south pormanently to the new post of Guadalupe del Paso. ther, a son of Pedro Jurado de Gracia, had come to New Mexico where he married a Va rela girl, then returned to Guadalupe del Paso after Maria’s birth. He is most likely the Francisco Jurado de Gracia, married, who signed up with the New Mexico soldiers at Guadalupe del Paso in 1681.4 Both he and F“m°is°° Iumd° de Gracia and his Wife Lucia were members of the Confraternity of Lucia Varela de Losada. were mentioned in La Cehquistedera; 1695 as natives and residents of the Real de An Isabel Jumdo de Gracia had been the San Lorenzo» When their daughter: Marta: wife of Diego Romero de Pedraza, according married Juan Fernandez de la Pedreraﬁ to the marriage of a daughter, Gerénjma, at Maria, however, declared that she had been Guadampe del P350 in 1715_6There were no born at El Bosque in the jurisdiction of San— people of this name living in New Mexico diaf‘ From this it appears as though her faproper when the Indians rebelled in 1680. 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., Exp. 8, t. 231. 2. DM, 1695, No. 3. 3. lbld. 4. Revolt, II. p. 37; BNM, leg. 2. Pt. 3, f. 335. OLO. pp. 63, 69. DM, 1715, No. 4. 5. 6. LEDESMA FRANCISCO DE LEDESMA, twenty-five years old, a native of Talavera de la Reina and the son of Juan Fernandez de Ledesma, daughter of Hernando Martin Serrano, for the latter was the executor of Ledesma’s es ‘Cate?It Seems 35 theugh Ledesme W35 the came with Oﬁate in 1598. He was described briefly as b1aek_bearded and of medium Same Perseh 35 the Captain, Barteleme (719 Salazar, who died as Alcalde Mayor of Zufii height} he was to the following men eannot beWhat ascertained. and Moqui. In 1662hisconduct. widows,Maria, was ac cused of scandalous The existence and lives after the Reconquest of some Ledes mas and Salazar people tend to confirm this _ Bcrrtoloméde Ledesma resided in the Span _ suspicion. ish settlements near the Salinas Pueblos dur— An Ynez de Ledesma) dead before 1693’had ing the middle part of the century. His name been the Wife of Antonie Martin Serrano’. appears in connection with the itinerant Ger— both most likely members of the Ledesma Than, BeI‘ha1‘d0Gruheh He Was dead by 1657: his widow being Maria Martin, perhaps a 1. Oﬁntc p. 193. 2. AGN,'Mcx., I 52] Inq., 1‘..666, ft. 393-400. and Martin Serrano family group of Las Sa 1jnas_ 3. Il|l.. L '95, II. 121- 4_ phi, 1593‘: N0, 11. 127 . JN '1']! 1'". S I". V I‘) N 'l‘ I‘) I‘) N '1' H (7 E N '1' U It Y LEON’ (See Brito) LEYVA PEDRO DE LEYVA first appears in New Mexico in 1661, a man forty-two years old.‘ By 1664, when he gave his age as fifty, and his birthplace as El Valle de San Bartolomé in New Spain, he was a Captain and Lieute nant Governor for the Salinas Pueblo district. His wife was Catalina Garcia.” He was a compadre of Diego Gonzalez Lobén, whom he helped to escape from Governor Mendizabal’s wrath to New Spain? In 1669, as Alcalde Mayor of the Salinas, Leyva exiled Alonso Martin Barba because of concubinage.‘ His wife, Catalina, belonged to the Garcia Holgado family.-"Their children were: Pedro II, José, Juan, Nicolas, and Dorotea. The last three were massacred with their mother at Galisteo in 1680.“ Pedro himself was away from home at the time, in command of twen ty-seven men who went to Guadalupe del Paso to escort the Mexico City wagon-train to Santa Fe. There he and his companions learned about the Pueblo Rebellion in New Mexico.Under the presumption that the Gov ernor and the northern refugees were dead, he was elected and installed as temporary Governor for a short-lived term, until he met Governor Otermin and the Santa Fe refugees at El Alamillo; there he learned about his family’s fate. At this time, also, he held the high military rank of Maese de Campo, and was well thought of by all, having been a res ident of New Mexico since 1637.’ He signed the muster-roll in 1681 as a Maese de Campo sixty-eight years old, a widower without chil dren; he then took part in the Otermin Cam paign against the Pueblos.” Not all of his sons were lost, as will be seen. Pedro de Leyva H was not home at the time of the Revolt, perhaps with his father’s escort party. In 1681 he signed up as a captain, “el Mozo,” thirty-four or thirty-six years old, a native of New Mexico, and married. He was described as having a good stature, red bearded, and with curly, chestnut hair; the left thumb was missing, and the other in jured. He also took part in the Otermin Cam paignf’ As late‘as October, 1694,he appeared as a marriage witness,” but was dead by March, 1696,when his daughter Angela mar ried Sebastian Fernandez de Vargas, She was sixteen then, having been born in the Rio Abajo area. Her mother’s name was Maria de Nava.“ Iosé de Leyva, who for some reason added “cle Nevares” to his name, also was away from home when the Indians struck. In 1681 he signed up as a captain, thirty—two years of age, and the son of the Maese cle Campo Pe dro de Leyva, both widowers.” He was de scribed as a native of New Mexico, of good stature, having a long face, thick hair and beard.” He served as a Tigua interpreter dur ing the Otermin Campaign,“ a linguistic gift acquired, no doubt, in the Tigua pueblos of the Manzano range. José’s wife, Juana Fres qui, had been killed by the Indians in 1680, and he remarried in 1682,at the Real de San Pedro de Alcantara. The new wife was Este fania Marquez Dominguez.” When his first wife died, his two daughters were taken captive, most likely by the Tanos of Galisteo. These two were found in 1692 when a certain Juan Olguin claimed the two [53] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES daughters of José Ncvares, soldier of Janos, as his rclatives."‘ The elder sister, single, and daughter of Nevares, then a soldier at Janos, was found at San Juan Pueblo," and seems to be the same Angela de Leyva, wife of Cristo bal Torres, at whose daughter’s wedding, her first cousin of the same name appears as sponsor with her husband, Sebastian de Var gas.” S9?°.‘4?’$-":"?’!°!“ AGN, Mex.. Inq., t. 587, pp. 361-362, 375-386. lbid., t. 507, p. 728; ibid., Tierra.-1, t. 3268. l'bld., Mex., Inq., t. 594, p. 280. Ibid., t. 666, t. 555. mm, :. 512, ft. 7, 3, 156: t. 587, pp. 31-129. Revolt. I, pp. 11, 25, 97. Ibld., II, pp. 163-166. Ibid., pp. 95. 157-342. lbld.. pp. 122 sqq. Some of these Lcyvas returned with the Reconquest, as will be seen. * * ti: * * * * * A new settler by the name of F7‘-anciscodc Leiva appears among the new settlers of the .1693colonists from Mexico City. He was a na tive of Villafranca and a miner by trade, but ran away before the colony reached New Mexico.” 10. 11. 12. 13. . 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. DM. 1694. No. 6. lhid., 1696, No. 10. Iuevoit. II. p. 55. IbId., p. 119. l'bld., p. 342. DM, 1682. No. 3. First Expedition, p. 134 Ihid., p. 144. DM, 1708, No. 1. BNM, leg. 1, Pt. 1, p T90. LOPEZ FRANCISCO LOPEZ, a native of Jerez, was already dead in 1626 when his family was involved in some dark doings in Santa Fe. His widow was Maria de Villafuerte, forty years of age and a native of Quatitlan. They had a grown daughter, Juana, married to Francisco de Anaya Almazén} Father Bena— vides made some uncomplimentary remarks about her and her sons, whose names we do not know? Perhaps this family is the origin of the Lopez de Gracia group. Francisco, early in the century, fired his arquebus at Governor Argiiellof‘ and this might be the cause for his early demise. It * II * * * * * JUAN LOPEZ, a native of Cartagena de Levante, came to New Mexico with the twelve soldiers recruited at Zacatecas in 1633,"and was married in Santa Fe, February 17, 1634, to Ynez de Zamora, daughter of Diego Montoya and Ana Martin Barba.5 This Juan Lopez ran into difficulties with the friars at Cuarac,“ and Governor Zevallos tes tified in March, 1634,that Lopez already had a mulatto-mestiza wife in Habanaf It is not known if this charge of bigamy was proved. AG-N, Me-x., Inq., t. 356. I. 310. li)|ll.. I1. 314, 293. Ii;id.. i.. 507. I. 1229. .“9‘S-“:“S*’!°!" AG], Contact, leg. 8-15A. Dam. AGN, inc. cii.. t. 380, M. 233-247. B-H, III, p. 129. AGN. ioc. cit. LOPEZ de ARAGON FRANCISCO LOPEZ ,DE ARAGON, or simply de Aragon, is mentioned among the soldiers escorting the wagon-train from Mex ico City in 1640 and 1646. In 1642 he acted as attorney for Nicolas Ortiz} By 1661he is re .fe.rred to as dead. His widow, Ana Baca, a sister of Antonio Jorge’s wife, lived in her [54] “estancia del Alamo” about four leagues from Santa Fe. Governor Mendizabal berated her for being devoted to the Franciscans, also claiming that she owed him money borrowed for her daughter’s wedding.’ A daughter, Juana, ‘married to Sebastian de Herrera Corra les, was massacred at Taos together with her IN TIIE SEVENTICENTII CENTURY mother and, it seems, a brother.“ Another daughter, Ana, was the wife of a Francisco Campusano, both still living in 1682.‘ No male Aragons are mentioned in the Revolt lists or later. This was the end of this family, entirely distinct from the one which came from Mexico City in 1693, 1. AG]. Contad., legs. 735. 736, 740, Dnla; Ortiz Trial. ft. 27. 39-43. HL52. 2. AG-N, l\l(~.x., Tlenus, t. 3268. PD. 1023-108. 3. DM, 1682, No. 4; Revolt, I. pp. 57. 175. 4. AGN, Mt-x., Inq., t. 1551. ft. 375-378. LCPEZ del CASTILLO DIEGO LOPEZ DEL CASTILLO had been in New Mexico twenty-six years around the year 1660.He had first married Maria Barra gdn in Santa Fe, and after her death got a dispensation to wed her first cousin, Maria Griego, also known as Maria de la Cruz Ale main,daughter of Juan Griego II.‘ Diego, who gave-his age as sixty-four in 1664,was a na tive of Sevilla, and residing in Santa Fe.’ When the Indians rebelled in 1680he was a Sargento Mayor more than eighty years old, according to his testimony; he was married and had two daughters with him? The fol lowing year he said he was ninety-six and a native of the “Kingdoms of Castile,” and was described as “a very old man” with a family of daughters. The scribe noted that he was slender and healthy in spite of his many years.‘ In marriage investigations of this pe riod he gave his age as ninety-six and ninety seven.“ 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 587, pp. 305-316. 2. Ibld., t. 507, 1). 351. MATiAS LOPEZ DEL CASTILLO was thirty-five years old in 1626; hence he could not have been Diego’s son or father, but a brother, very likely. He was married to a daughter of Ana de Bustillos and living in Santa Fe.“ His wife was therefore an Archu leta, daughter of Asencio. Matias was also in the soldier-escort of 1628.7One daughter of his seems to have been Ana Lopez del Cas tillo, the wife of Juan de Herrera. After the Reconquest there were more family matches between this Herrera family and that of Pe dro Lopez del Castillo. (Cf. Gonzcilez Bas.) Pedro Lopez, married, escaped the 1680mas sacre with his wife and infant daughter. He was thirty-one, tall, and slender, with a long face.” He returned to New Mexico in 1693, and from data of this period we know that he belonged to this family group. 5. 6. DM, 1681. No. 1; 1682. No. 4. AGN. loc. cit... t. 356. I. 266v. 7. A61, Oontnd., leg. 728, Data. 8. Revolt, I, p. 143; II, p. 99. 3. Revolt, I, p. 143. 4. Ibld., II, pp. 34, 106. LOPEZ de GRACIA ANDRES LOPEZ DE GRACIA was an Al férez, residing at San Antonio de Isleta in 1638,when he also acted as Royal Standard Bearer in an expedition.‘ He had wagons run ning the route between Santa Fe and Mexico City in 1662.2In 1663-1664he is mentioned as the father-in—law of a certain Ramirez and the brother-in-law of Diego Gonzalez de Apo daca.3 Maria Lopez de Gracia, wife of Fran cisco Ramirez, was therefore his daughter.‘ Sebastiana Lopez de Gracia, wife of Diego de Apodaca, turns out to be his sister? By 1661Andrés was a captain and the first Alcalde Mayor of the new settlement of [55] O ORIGINS or NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Guadalupe del Paso.’ In this capacity he was present at the dedication of the Mission in January, 1668.“In 1680-1681he held this post at Casas Grandes when he was instructed to prevent New Mexican refugee colonists from going south into New Spain." A José Lopez dc Gracia was his assistant Alc-aide at Casas Grandes and was most likely his son. The name of his wife is not known, nor his origin. Governor Lopez Mendizabal, among other wild statements against the friars, once mock ingly declared that Andrés was the son of a friar of Isleta, who, in the dim past, had ap propriated Indian land and there founded the settlement of Pajarito for his mistress and their seven or eight children, called “los Gra cias.”9 The charge is absurd, as it does not fit in with other facts. Andrés and his sisters might well have been the children of an Este ban Lopez stationed in Santa Fe in early times.” Yet Mendizébal’s canard could have some innocent basis, and what follows is a bit of conjecture. On February 10, 1605, a Fray Antonio de Gracia entered the Franciscan Order in Mex ico City. He was a native of Sevilla, the son of Juan Lopez and Geronima Milldn.“ Now, no such friar ever came to New Mexico. But he could have lawfully left the Order after investiture and before ordination, and come to New Mexico as a soldier; or a brother of AGN, Ibld., Ihld., Ibld., E°5‘“:"9"E-":“‘F*’!°!" Mex., Inq., t. 385, t. 10. t. 512. I. 88. t. 594, p. 340: t. 507, p. 39. t. 587, p. 454. DM, 1686, N0. 1. AGN, loc. (‘lt.. p. 284; lbld., Pmv. Int.. 1:.37, p. 352. Ocaranza, p. 69. Revolt, I, pp. 87, 156-158, 185. AGN, loc. clt., t. 594, p. 340. his. Anyway, this could account for the sur name of Anclros and his sister Scbastiana; also, for the unique name of a member of this family, Maria Lopez Milldn, wife of Francisco de Valencia, apparently Andrés’ sister.” Even if this conjecture is not correct, the circum stantial similarity of names is most interest mg, =I~' =l< * an =1: at at drés, escorted Governor Guzman in 1646.13 Nothing more is known about him. Isabel Lopez de Gracia, wife of Pedro de Cedillo, very likely a daughter of Andrés.“ Lucia Lopez dc Gracia, wife of José Nieto of the Salinas district,” perhaps a sister of Andrés. Esteban Lopez de Gracia, Captain, passed muster in 1680 with two sons-in—lawof mili tary age and two daughters.” He might be the “Esteban de Gracia” who fled the exile colony at Guadalupe del Paso sometime la ter.” Among other fugitives mentioned with him was an “Esteban Lopez” who is else where mentioned as escaping with his family in 1680.“ What relation these men bore to the other Lopez de Gracias cannot be ascertained. 10. mm., 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. t. 5552. p. 85. Bxuicroft Coll., Mex. MSS, No. 218. t. III, f. 17v. AGN, loc. clt., L 666. f. 406; L 512. 1. 102. AG], Contad., leg. 740, Data. DM. 1695, No. 16. AGN. loc. clt., t. 507. p. 732. RI-wilt. I, p. 152. 17. BNM, leg. 2, Pt. 3, ft. K 356. 18. Revolt. I, p. 148; II, pp. 51. 108. LOPEZ HOLGUlN (See Olguin) [56] =1: Other persons of this name who cannot be classified within the family were as follows: Pedro Ventu-ra de Gracia, who, with An IN THE Sl'JVENTEEN'.[‘II CENTURY LOPEZ MEDEROS JUAN LOPEZ MEDEROS, a captain, resid ed with his wife at Isleta in 1626.‘He appears to be the Ofiate soldier of 1600, Juan Lopez Medel, thirty—six years old, tall and black bearded, the son of Pedro Lopez Medel and a native of the Isle of La Palma.” He brought along three female Indian servants, two of them single with a daughter each, and the third with her husband,“ which leaves much room for conjecture. Nothing more is known about him. Pedro Lopez Mederos lived in 1664 at the estancia of Tomé Dominguez de Mendoza in the Rio Abajo. The latter was his brothcr-in law." From other sources we learn that Do minguez’ wife was Catalina Lopez Mederosﬁ Pedro and Catalina must have been children of Juan Lopez Mederos. He was a captain fifty-five, or sixty-five, years old in 1681, when he was described as being married, of medium height, robust, and swarthy.° 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 356, 1. 260. 2. Oﬁate, p. 203. 3. Ibld., p. 210. 4. 5. 6. AGN, lac. clt., t. 507, p. 49. DM, 1681, No. 2. Revolt, I, p. 143. LOPEZ de OCANTO JUAN LOPEZ DEL CANTO, twenty-five years of age, the son of Pedro del Canto and born in Mexico City, came with Oﬁate in 1598,He was described as having a good sta ture, a black beard, and a cross on his fore head} Juan Lopez de Occmto,a captain thirty-five years of age in 1642,2was in all likelihood the father of the next man, Domingo Lopez de Occmto, twenty-seven in 1661,was clerk of the Cabildo of Santa Fe in 1661,holding the rank of'Alférez. His wife was Juana de Mondmgonﬁ In this year he complained that Governor Mendizébal had taken from him the encomienda of Nambé and Jémez which had belonged to his Con quistador father, Juan Lopez de Ocanto. Men dizébal retorted that Nambé had been given to Domingo’s elder sister, since he was but a Oﬁnlm. p. 189. (mu Trial. rt. 27, 46. S-".".°’.*°!" AGN, Mcx., lnq.. t. 582. pp. 250-252. lbl(l.. Tlnrrns. t. 3268. p. 207. lbld., Mex" Inq., t. 666, 1. 530. child when his father died.‘ Father Bernal re ferred to him in 1669 as a man of virtue.5 Domingo was a Sargento Mayor, forty-two years old, in 1680.He claimed to be ill at the time, declaring that he was married and had six children.“ The following year he was in good health and took part in the Otermin Campaign.’ In 1682 he is mentioned as hav ing died en route to New Mexico.“ Iosé Lopez de Occmto was nineteen years old and single in 1681; he was described as a native of New Mexico, of medium height, with a round, beardless face and black, wavy hair. He also went on the Otermin Campaign.” He is numbered in 1682among those who ran away from Guadalupe del Paso.” Apparently he was a son of Domingo. Mario Lopez de Ocanto, wife of Salvador Romero, and Luisa Lopez dc Oc-anto, wife of Juan de Ribera, were most likely sisters of Jose.“ Revolt. I. p. 141. lluI:l.. I. p. 17]; II, p. 35). BNM. leg. 2. Pl. 3, f. 354. Revolt. II. pp. 136. 264. . llN.\l, Inc. clt.. p. KY2‘ pg... . DM, 1702, N0. 3; 1710, No. 10. |-"."aG3~I3 [57] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES .LOPEZSAMBRANO ANDRES LOPEZ SAMBRANO first ap pears in 1642at Parral, testifying against the Baca faction. He was back in 1661-1664 as a forty-three-year—old captain acting as Lieu tenant General of the Zuﬁi—Moquidistrict, He was a native of San Miguel in Culiacan. His wife was Ana Maria de Anaya.‘ Fray Juan Bernal thought little of his character.“ His wife was a daughter of Francisco de Anaya Almazan and Juana Lopez de Villafuertef’ and they had a son, Diego.‘ A daughter, Jo sefa, was the first wife of Francisco Lucero de Godoy. Another Lépez Sambrano (Hemc‘rn?),hus band of an Elena Gomez, who had had the encomienda of Awatobi, was a brother of An drés.5 An Herndn Sambrano, Alférez, men tioned in the soldier-escort in 1625,“ might well be this man. He and Elena had a son 1. Trim, AGN. 1. Mex., Ortiz 2. Inq., t. 507, pp. 2A5, 259; t. 585, f. 511: . AGN, loc. clt.. t. 666, 1'. 533; t. 594. pp. 386-388. Ibld.. t. 507, pp. 257, 276. Ibld., t. 594. p. 378. Ibid., t. 507, p. 248. Bemwldes, 1684, p. 110. .°‘.°":”‘.°"° Francisco Lopez] named Diego Lopez.” and perhaps another, Diego Lopez Sambrcmo was a tliirty—year old captain, born and residing in Santa Fe in ‘ 1669,with his wife Maria Suazo. Father Ber nal thought little of him." In 1680, by then a Sargento Mayor and forty-two years of age, he escaped the Indian ‘massacre with his wife, six small children, and seven servants.” He was described in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, thirty-eight years old, married, and tall with red hair and small eyes.” His daughter, Juana, married José Dominguez de Mendoza.” Lands that once belonged to him were re called as late as the year 1705.” It was this individual who, along with Luis de Quintana and Francisco Xavier, was not wanted back in New Mexico by the Indians parleying with Vargas in 1692.“ 7. AGN, Tlerras, t. 3268. p. %2. 8. lh|d., Mex., Inq., t. 507, p. 1300. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Ibld., t. 666, 1. 564. Revolt, I, p. 141; II, p. 39. Ibld., II. p. 96. DM, 1682. No. 5. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 932. First Expedition, p. 83. LOPEZ (Unclassified) Several Lopez persons living in New Mex ico at the end of the century, who did not add another surname, could have belonged to any of the foregoing family groups. Luis Lopez was an illiterate captain living in Senecu as Alcalde Mayor of the Piros in 1667.‘ His estancia lay between the old Pu eblos of Socorro and Qualacu and was re ferred to under his full name? As late as 1769,Bishop Tamaron was told that the site was called “Luis Lopez” after its original owner prior to the Indian Uprising of 1680.3 [58] Nicolos Lopez was killed at Santo Domingo in 1680." Children of his by his wife, Ana Lujdn, find mention after the Reconquest. Francisco Lopez, a captain, escaped the massacre in 1680 with his wife.“ He was de scribed the following year as a native of New Mexico, forty—twoyears of age, tall and slim, having a swarthy complexion, black, curly hair, and the last joint of the little finger on the left hand broken." lie was, perhaps, the son of Elena Gomez and her Lopez Sambrano husband. TIIE SEVEN'1‘EEN’l‘ll CENTURY Diego Lopez, a bachelor, was twenty-six or twenty—scvcn in 1681; he was described as a native of New Mexico, having a good stature, a fair and ruddy complexion, and large eyes? His description compares well with that of DiegoLopez Sambrano, who might have been his father. A Diego Lopez, “the Younger,” is mention ed briefly in 1681,“ and might be the same man. Also mentioned in passing was a José Lo pez, sixteen years old and single.” Cristobal Lopez, forty years old and mar ried, appears in 1681,described as a native of New Mexico, tall and slender, with a very dark complexion and long, coarse hair.” =l= * * * * * * >11 Felipe Lopez (Garcia), twenty years old, AGN, Men, Inq., t. 608. Revolt. II, p. 364. Tnmnrén, L 132. .“F’.”‘:“‘S*’E°!" the son of Juan and born in Mexico City at San Pablo, came to New Mexico in 1677 as a convict.“ He seems to be the soldier, Felipe Lopez, reported killed at Santa Clara Pueblo in 1680.” José Lopez was another convict of 1677.He was then twenty-five, the son of Francisco Ybarra Salazar, and also born in Mexico City at San Pablo,” and hence very likely a cou sin of the preceding man. He might have gone back before 1680, since he is not mentioned again. * * =I= >1: =1: * 1|: :9: Bernardo Lopez de Peﬁuela, single, and a native of Agreda in Spain, appears in the muster-rolls of 1681.He had a good physique, an aquiline, pock-marked face, and a scant beard.” 8. lb|d., pp. 187-188. 9. Ibld., p. 44. . IbId., pp. 84, 103. Revolt, I, p. 66. Ibld., p. 151. Ibld., II. DD. 73. 116-117. Ibldu PD. 51. 140. 11. B-H, 111, pp. 317-322. 12. Revolt, I, pp. 9-10. 13. B-H, loc. clt. 14. Revolt, II, pp. 63, 139. LUCERO de GODOY PEDRO LUCERO was the name of two distinct persons, both captains, who were cousins. One was forty years old in 1628, re ferred to as “El Viejo.” The other was twen ty-eight, and known as “El Mozo.”‘ Together they had gone in the military escort of the Wagon-trains in 1616-1617, 1621, and 1631.2 Since the “Godoy” surname was applied only to the younger Pedro, and since the latter was already married in Santa Fe in 1628,plus other contributing facts, it can be assumed that he is the founder of this New Mexico family. The other Pedro disappears from the scene in those early years. , PEDRO LUCERO DE GODOY was a na tive of Mexico City, where he had a brother, Francisco. Another, Diego, was a secular Priest there. Pedro was involved in most of the church and political intrigues of his time, although he managed to steer clear of un pleasant consequences experienced by others. By 1663,when he gave his age as sixty-three, he had attained the rank of Maese de Campoﬁ In this same year he was Lieutenant Govern or of the Kingdom as well as Syndic of the Franciscans.‘ His first wife was Petronila de Zamora, who married him, she later claimed, when but eleven years old.”To all appearances, she was the Petronila listed as the youngest child of Bartolomé Montoya and Maria de Zamora when they came to New Mexico in 1600.“ They had a daughter, Ca-talina, who married Diego Romero, son of Gaspar Pérez,’ and also a son, Juan, also prominent in public affairs. Another son, Pedro, Alcalde of Santa Fe at this time (1663), might have been a child by Petronila, or else by his second wife. Pedro’s second wife was Framcisca Gomez [59] I ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Robledo, who was also active in affairs con nected with the I?alace of the Governors in Santa Fe.“ In 1663they had five daughters “of marriageable age,” and the young Pedro, just mentioned." Another son, Francisco, figured in later historical events. One of the daugh ters, Mar1'a, who was perhaps the youngest, became the wife of,Lézaro de Misquia. Two other Lucero women, Ynez, wife of Juan de la Escallada, and Luisa, married to Pedro Montoya de Esparza, were most likely his daughters. Lucero also had a stepson, An tonio de Salas (q. 1).). Pedro died well before the Rebellion of 1680. His second wife appears to be among the colonists who were massacred, from a statement of Diego Lucero de Godoy. Iucm Lucero de Godoy, Pedr0’s eldest son, was Secretary of Government and War in 1663.” Up until 1693, he claimed to have served the King for fifty-two years, from the time that he was seventeen until his present age of sixty—nine.He had resided in Santa Fe for forty years; his property there was at the “Pueblo Quemado.”" Juan was a Sargento Mayor and the Alcalde Mayor of Santa Fe when he escaped the Indian siege of 1680with his wife, four grown sons bearing arms, and four grown daughters.” The next year he was described as having a good stature with a large, pock-marked aquiline face, crooked nose, and fifty-nine years old.” His sister, Catalina de Zamora, escaped with four grown nieces and five servants. The Indians had killed two of her nephews and more than thirty other relatives.“ Juan’svfirst wife was a Luisa Romero. The second was Juana de Carvajal, who escaped with him in 1680 and died at San Lorenzo three years later; on January 14, 1689, he married Isabel de Salazar, daughter of An drés Hurtado and Bernardina dc Salas.” They returned with the Reconquest. His four sons by either or both of the first two wives were Juan II, Antonio, Nicolas, and Pedro. [60] Pedro Lucero dc Godoy II, mentioned by his father as being /llcaldc of Santa Fe in 1663, is not heard of again. Diego Lucero de Godoy, a young Alférez in 1663,was a Sargento Mayor residing in Taos in 1680.A widower, he had applied to marry a supposed daughter of Tomé Dominguez de ' Mendoza in April of that year, but no mar riage took place.” He was with the Leyva escort party when the Indians struck in Au gust, and later he declared that thirty-two persons of his household had been massacred, including his brothers and sisters, sons, and servants.“ On February 16, 1681, he married Maria Dominguez de Mendoza,” and in September he passed muster as a married man, thirty eight years old and a native of New Mexico, of tall and slender height, with a fair, ruddy complexion and long, red hair.” In 1685 he was involved in the Juan Dominguez plot to abandon the colony,” but in 1689he received permission to move south to New Spain with his wife Maria Dominguez." Since his entire pre-Revolt family was killed, Diego left no descendants to re-settle New Mexico. Francisco Lucero de Godoy, Alférez and Armorer, escaped in 1680 with a family of twenty—two, including wife, children, and servants. He was tall and erect with a thick beard, a wound-scar on his mustache and an other on the right side of his nose.“ His lands in Santa Fe, which formerly belonged to An drés Lopez, were on the Ciénega road.“ In 1692 he took part in the Vargas Entry as a captain of artillery and armorer.“ His first wife was Josefa Lopez de Grijal va, daughter of Andrés Lopez Sambrano.“ Her daughter testified years later that it was she who took out the venerated statue of La Conquistadora when the besieged people of Santa Fe withdrew to Guadalupe del Paso in 1680;she also personally brought it back, and was still living in Santa Fe in March, 1695.?“ Josefa died shortly after, and Francisco then "'II|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY married Cata.i.inr1.do Espi,nolo., the young wi was "married to /lnimzirz, Vr1.'rr'ln.do I,o.s‘ad(L,or dow of Antonio Jorge de Vera.“ He also was devoted to La Conquistzidorzﬁ“ The children by his first wife were: Frant cisco Mateo, Beatriz, Josefa, Maria, wife of Juan de Alderete, and Lucia, wife of Francis do Perca, with whom he returned to New follows: turned with the Reconquest. Mexico in 1693. Juan de Dios Lucero de Godoy passed mus ter in ,1681as a bachelor twenty-five years of co del Rio. age; he was of robust, medium height, having good features, a thick, black beard, and wavy hair.-“‘ Between September 23 and 26, when NicolétsLucero de Godoy, Adjutant of the Kingdom and twenty-seven years old in 1680, he passed muster again, he had taken a wife. This was Maria Varela, as we learn from a seems to have been a brother, the youngest, son’s marriage later on,“ probably a sister of of the preceding Luceros. He was married, his brother Antonio’s second wife. In 1705he tall and slim of stature, with a reddish beard, was assistant Alcalde at Guadalupe del Paso, long and straight chestnut hair, and large, and still living there in 1718.His son, Tomds, blue eyes.” His wife’s identity is not known, but he was a brother-in-law of Pedro Va "was married there to Maria Madrid.” rela.“ It is not known if he or any children of his returned with the Reconquest. Iuan Lucero de Godoy passed muster on =11 * * III * * -K * September 12, 1681,as a married man twenty Other members of this vast Lucero family six years of age.” He is hard to place, yet mentioned in the 1680-1681Revolt lists are as seems to be the man of this name who re NicolcisLucero de Godoy, distinct from the preceding Adjutant, is first mentioned in 1681 as a married native of New Mexico, thirty four or thirty-six years old, of medium height, with good features, a thick beard, and long, wavy hair.“ He was most likely a son of Juan Lucero de Godoy and Juana de Car vajal. Antonio Lucero de Godoy, Alférez, passed muster in 1680,declaring that the Indians had killed his wife, two children, and four ser vants.” In the following year, still a widower, he enlisted as a colonist for a return to New Mexico.” He had a brother, Juan de Dios Lu cero.“ From a general view of various rela tions he seems to have been a son of Juan Lucero de Godoy. His first wife had been a blood-niece of Juan Dominguez de Mendoza.-*5By 1685 he Francisco Mateo Lopez de Godoy thus sign ed an auto of Otermin in 1680,” and again some minutes of the Confraternity of La Con quistadora in 1685.“ His name points to his possibly being a son of Francisco and Josefa Lopez Sambrano. He is met with again after the Reconquest. Pedro Lucero de Godoy passed muster on September 26, 1681, and was described as a bachelor of twenty-two, with a medium sta ture, broad shoulders, good features, long and black wavy hair, and a black beard.” A Pedro Lucero passed muster on Septem ber 30; he was nineteen years old and single, described as having a medium, thiekset sta ture, with a beardless face, black hair, and large eyes.“ If not the same man, one of these [61] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES seems to be the youngest son of Juan Lueero de Godoy, whom the latter mentioned as be ing eighteen years old the previous year. Matias Luccro, thirty-six or forty, and a na tive of New Mexico, signed two testimonies at Guadalupe del Paso in 1689.“ 1. AGN, Mox., Inq., t. 3&1, ff. 2-12. 2. lbld., t. 316. I. 176; A011, Contml., legs. 718, 723, 732, Twit. (}0lI., no number. First Expedition, p, 134, Lopez-Anaya charts. mg. AGN, Tlerrns, t. 3268, ft. 548-557. 4. IhId., Ms-x.. mm. L 507. pp. 295. 1693. 5. 6. 7 AGN, Tlvrrns, loc. clt. 8 9. llilil., Tlcrras, loc. clt. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 701, I. 322; El Pulaclo, Vol. 57, No. '. 301. lbld., t. 372, 1'1. 9-12. Oﬂnlv, D. 209. DM. 1651?. No. 6. OLC. p. 62. Rm-alt. I, p. 139; II. pp. 42, 1.17, 139. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 728. Revolt, II, p. 113. Il1Id., Mi-x., Inq., t. 507, pp. 300-330. lbld. SD. Arch., I, No. 422. Revolt, I, p. 137. lhld., II. PD. 45, 107, 177-181. lbld.. I. p. 151. DM, 1689, No. 1; 1st M-Book, Gund. del Paso. lbld., I, p. 45. Il)id., II, pp. 48, 112. BNM, leg. 2, pt. 3. f. 338. Sp. Arcln., II. No. 35. Revolt, II, pp. 37, 110, 113, 200. DM, 1711, No. 3. Ibld., 1705, No. 10; 1711, No. 3; 1718, No. 2. Revolt, II, p. 59. DM. 1680. No. 1. Revolt, I, pp. 28. 140-141. 1st M-Book. Guad. del Paso. Revolt, II, p. 101. Sp. Arch., II, No. 35. Ibld., No. 49. Revolt, I, p. 148; II, pp. 19, 135. 197. lbld., I, p. 119. . 0 LC, z_.. pp. 55. 59: my error here in transcribing “Lucero" for “Lope 42. Revolt, II, p. 113. 43. Ibld., pp. 141-142. 44. DM, 1689, Nos. 2, 9. LUIS JUAN LUIS, “El Viejo,” passed muster in 1680with his wife, one grown son, and three small children} In 1681 he said that he was sixty to sixty—sixyears old, a native of New Mexico, and was described as having a good and robust stature, a long face, and gray hair.’ Later, in 1689,Captain Juan Luis, with his wife and children, is mentioned among the refugees at Guadalupe del Paso who are related in some way to José Baca, recently murdered by Silvestre Pachecoﬁ The name “Luis” is heretofore unknown in New Mexico. A clue as to its origin comes la ter when this individual appears as a witness under the names, “Juan Luis Lujdn” and “Juan Ruiz Lujan.” He is, moreover, a native of Santa Fe, from seventy to eighty years of age at the time.‘ In other words, this Luis family belonged to the Ruiz Céceres-Lujén 1- Revolt. 1, p. 140. 2. 1ma.. 11. pp. 74-75, 95-97. 3- Sn. Arch., 11, No. 45. 194. mi, clans, the name having become corrupted as in other instances. Apparently, Juan Luis’ wife was a Baca, perhaps the Isabel Baca who was the mother of Juana Ruiz Caceres, wife of Antonio de Avalos. Iucm Luis, “the Younger,” passed muster in 1680with his wife and one child? He was de scribed in 1680 as being forty-one years of age, a native of New Mexico, tall, with good features and large eyes.“ Among those who fled to New Spain in 1682were a son of Juan Luis and his son-in-law.’ A Pedro Lujétn is mentioned in 1695 as the SOD perhaps, Estela Lujcin, wife of Francisco Mar quez in the following century. ~ 1689, No. 2; 1693, No. 1; 1694, Nos. 3, 27; 1695. No. 9'-’.*’5'-"."‘ (531 of Juan Luis Lujanﬁ He could have been one of the three small children of 1680; also, Revolt. I, p. 140. Ih|(l., II, pp. 74-75, 97. BN1“, leg. 2. PL 3. D. %4. Sp. Arch., II. No. 198. IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY LU JAN Among the soldiers sent to Oﬁate at San Gabriel in 1600, there were three from the same place of origin, and with parents of identical surnames, all of whom must be con sidered in dealing with the large Lujdn fam ily of New Mexico. JUAN LUJAN was twenty-seven years old and short of stature, born on the Isle of La Palma, the son of Francisco Rodriguez.’ JUAN RUIZ CACERES, thirty, was also a native of La Palma in the Canaries, the son of Pedro Ruiz [or Rodr1'guez].3 PEDRO RODRIGUEZ, thirty years old and short of stature, no father given, was also a Canary Islander of La Palma.4 All more or less of the same age, and most probably related in some way, were perhaps first cousins. The descendants of the first two became confused already at the end of the century, when the word “Lujén” is used in discriminately. The Luis Lujdn family just treated is an example; also, Maria Lujdn (Ruiz Caceres), wife of Sebastian Martin Serrano in the next century. as “El Viejo” in relation to a younger Juan Lujén, who was most likely his son.” A daugh ter,nMa-Tia,was the wife of Juan de Archuleta. Juan died on November 15, 1663.” Francisco Lujém,apparently J uan’s brother, was an Alférez in 1641and thirty years old.” As early as 1631 he was married to a Lucia Rodriguez, aged twenty.“ With Juan he was involved in the Rosas murder affair, and with him escaped the capital fate of their less for tunate compatriots. His sphere of action was in the Queres territory of Santo Domingo and Coehiti.” He died before 1663. His second wife was Maria Ramos, the daughter of his “sister,” Maria Lujén. Ene mies of the friars later accused them of granting Francisco a dispensation to marry his blood-niece.” But Mariana, wife of Juan Ramos, was not necessarily his blood-sister; she appears to have been the bastard child of Maria, Indian servant of Juan Lopez.“ * * * * * * * * The Lujén people listed in the refugee rolls of 1680-1681 are as follows: JUAN LUJAN, the Canary Islander cited above, arrived in 1600 with a female Indian servant, single, Francisca J iménez by name.‘ Many things in the records point to the prob ability of his having married this servant, or someone else like her. His known children were Juan II, Francisco, and, perhaps, a Ma riana Lujén who was the wife of Juan de Perramos, or Ramos? His name, or else the younger Juan’s, is found on El Morro with the date “1632.” Juan Lui<’mII finds mention as an active participant in the political intrigues of Gov ernor Rosa’s times and after. He was a cap tain and Alcalde Mayor of the Taos-Picuris district.“ He was a brother-in—law of Francis co Gomez [de Torres or Robledo?] and a kinsman of Pedro Lucero.’ In 1661he had an estancia in Taos Valley, and was then known Matias Lujém,soldier, passed muster with a family of eight, including wife, children, and brothers—in-law.” In 1681 he was described as a native of New Mexico, twenty-five to twenty-nine years old, married, having a good stature, slender, with a dark complex ion, thick, black hair and beard." He had been born in the Canada area, at the place called San Cristobal after "the Reconquest, and there he had his residence before the Re bellion.” He might have been a son of Juan Lujén II, if not a member of the Ruiz Céceres group. His wife, Francisca Romero, and their family returned to New Mexico with the Re conquest. Domingo Lujémwas twenty-six and married in 1681,He was described as a native of New Mexico, of good stature, swarthy, with black hair and a thick beard. He had been stationed [631 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO F.'\lVlILIl'lS outside New Mexico proper, perhaps at Guad alupe del Paso, when the Rebellion came; hence he was not among the refugees of l680.'“ Apparently he is the man of this name who, against strict orders, gave some gun powder to a Cochiti [half-] brother of his during the Otermin Campaign in 1681,” as well as the soldier of this name who was kill ed in 1693 when chasing a cow on horse back.“ Meanwhile, between 1680and 1692,his wife and children had been held captives in the Pueblos, as will be seen later. His Cochiti connections make him a possible son of Fran cisco Lujén. Antonio Luic'1nescaped the 1680 massacre with his wife and children. He was described in 1681as a native of New Mexico, forty-two years of age, married, of slender medium height, with a thick beard and straight, partly gray hair. He had a son, eighteen years old.” Antonio died the following year, after six years of marriage, and was buried in the So corro del Paso church; his widow, Maria Martin, married Domingo de Herrera in 1683,“and returned to New Mexico with her family in 1693. Agustin Luiémescaped in 1680with his wife, two children, and three sisters-in-law. He was described in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, twenty—sixyears of age, with a good, robust stature, aquiline face, and good features, black hair and beard.“ Perhaps he is the in dividual who married a Luisa Varela in Santa Fe after the Reconquest. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5865. 7. Oﬁnte, p. 203. lbld., p. 902. IbId., p. 204. Ihld., D. 210. AG-N. Men, Inq., t. 372. exp. 19, t. 8. Ch. and State, pp. 138, 173; Tmub. Times. pp. 7, 73-74, AGN, loc. clt., t. 596, Pt. 2, I. 160. 8. Ibld., Tlcrms, t. 3268. IhId.. Men. Inq., t. 507, pp. 291-298. 564. 910. 1112. lbldu L 425. f. 638. "WI-u t. 372. exp. 19. I. 8. lbld.. t. 507, p. 59; (.‘-II.and State, pp. 173-184; Ortlz Trial. 13. AGN. loc. clt., t. 587, pp. 805-311. 14- Oflntv. [L 210. 15. AGN,Tlerrnl, t. 3%. p. E. [641 Miguel Luidn is mentioned briefly as a re eruit in 1681,“ and is very likely the same man, a brother or brother—in-law of Juan Ruiz Cziceres, who was left by Vargas to guard the tower-chapel in the Governors’ Palace in December, 1693;he barely escaped from it with his family when the Indians de cided to keep the city. At this time he had a young son who is called both Agustin and Cristobal in the same incident.“ Diego Lujc’malso escaped in 1680 with his wife and two small children. A native of New Mexico, twenty-four years old and married, he was further described as having a good stature and features, with large eyes and long, straight hair.” His wife was Juana de Salazar, a coyota of Zuni.” Both ran away from the Real of San Lorenzo to Parral in 1682. Their son, Sebastian, returned to New Mexico with the new colonists of 1693, but they remained at E1 Real de San Juan in Nueva Vizcaya.” Juan Luidn, twenty years old and single, registered as “Juan Barba-” in 1681, having escaped the previous year's massacre with his widowed mother and his brothers and sisters. He had a long face, straight hair and notice able smallpox scars.“ His father was the Al férez Esteban Barba who was killed at Santo Domingo Pueblo in August, 1680.31In 1682 he fled to New Spain (Parral)," where he married and later joined the 1693colonists as Juan Luja'.n.33 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Revolt, I, p. 158. Ihld., II. PD. 62, 124. Sp. Arcli.. I. No. 818; II. No. 89. Revolt, II, pp. 38, 137. Ihld., p. 263. AG], omuinmlarn. leg. 140. t. 68. Revolt, I, p. 138: II, pp. 64, 125-126. DH. 1683, No. 1. Revolt. I. p. 145; II, p. 126. l|)|d., II, p. 195. 2G. Rllch COIL, BOX 1. N0. 22.’). 27. Revolt, I. DP. 144-145; 11, p. 1%. 28. DM, 1705, No. 6. 20. l|»|d.: Sp. An-h., II. No. 109. 30. Ilovolt, II, pp. 99-100, 78-79. 31. lhId., I, D. 55. 32. BNM. leg. 2. Pt. 3. M’. 354-857. 33. Sp. Arch., II, No. 54c. IN T II E S E V 1!}N '1‘ I5‘ I‘) N '1‘ ll C E N T U It Y LU NA JUAN GOMEZ DE LUNA was a captain and interpreter in the Indian languages whosewife was Juana Sanchez, forty to fifty years of age in 1631, sister of Juana de los Reyes, who was marriedto Alvaro Garcia Holgado.‘ In 1621 he had traveled down to Zacatecas and there visited an uncle, Mateo de Luna, who was a secular priest.” All this and other passing mention were in connection with certain unorthodox remarks attributed to him, one of these by the wife of Pedro D. y Chaves.3 Still, he was the Syndic of the Franciscans in 1636. As a captain in 1664 he was accused, with Matias Romero, of trading illicitly and capturing slaves for Governor Rosas.‘ There was a Melchor de Luna in Or'1ate’s 1597list who was a native of Puerto de Santa Maria, and the son of Baltasar de Morales? He seems to be identical with a Melchor G6 mez and a Melchor de Torres. Hence there seems to have been a very close relationship between this Melchor, Juan Gomez de Luna, and Francisco Gomez de Torres (q.v.). 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 372. 1. 18; t. 356, 1. 316v. 2. Ib|d.. t. 356, t. 260v. 3. Ibld., It. 285, 301. 4. BNM, leg. 1. Pt. 1, ti. 370-504; AG], Patronato, Rama 7. doc. 22. p. 161. 5. AG], Mex., Aud., leg. 25. G. AGN, loc. clt., exp. 8. t. 227v. leg. 244. Diego de Luna is mentioned, in passing, in 1654as being nineteen years old." He was the only adult male Luna at the time of the 1680 Rebellion, reporting with his family of three children and thirty other persons, including his mother—in-law,brothers- (or sisters-) in law, and servants.’ He was an Alférez forty eight years old, a native of New Mexico, tall, with a long face and long straight hairf‘ He and his wife were mentioned as kinfolk of the Francisco de Torres family, all natives of New Mexico.” In this year, 1687,the family of Captain Diego de Luna, consisting of twenty nine persons, was numbered among those in dire need at the exile settlement of Corpus Christi de Ysleta.” In 1692he was ordered to assemble his men for the first Entry of Var gas into New Mexico.“ He was a witness on August 31, 1693,at a wedding in Ysleta, when he gave his age as more than sixty." Presumably, he returned with the Recon quest in the following months of 1693,but is not heard of again. He was listed as a mem ber of the Conquistadora Confraternity in 1689.” Several Lunas re-settled the Rio Abajo district. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Revolt, I, p. 150. lbld., II, pp. 76, 98. DM, 1687, No. 1. AGN, Prov. Int., t. 37, pp. 100-104. First Expedition. 1). 51. DM. 1693. No. 5. OLC, p. 70. MADRID I FRANCISCO DE MADRID came to New Mexico in 1603 as a chirrionero de los carros, bringing ten new soldiers and four friars.‘ In 1626he said that he was thirty—two years old and married, boasting that he was one of the “ancient settlers.” (Hence he must have been several years older.) At this time he was mentioned as a brother-in—law of Pedro Mar quez. He signed his name “Madri1.”” His wife was Maria de la. Vega Marquez, or simply without the “Vega” name? By 1639he was a captain, when he gave his age as forty—six,‘ and two years later he was a member of the Santa Fe Cabildof‘ His children, to all appearances, were: Francisco ll, Francisca, wife of Juan Varela de Losada;“ and Maria, nicknamed “Maria ca.”’ An Alférez, Cristobal de Madrid, who escorted some colonists to New Mexico in 1641, might have been another son,” or per [55] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES haps the older l"1'ancisco was meant since Crist()bal is not heard o_fagain. Francisco de Madrid II was despised by GOV ernor Lopez Mendizabal for “his pretension.”° His wife was a daughter of Juan Ruiz Ca ceres.‘° His sons were Lorenzo, Roque, and, perhaps, Francisco III, Pedro, and Juan, treated further on. Lorenzo de Madrid, an elder brother of Roque de Madrid and son of Francisco de Madrid II, boasted in 1698 that he was the oldest Conquistador and settler in the King dom.“ He was at Guadalupe del Paso when the Indians rebelled, and there he passed muster in 1680 as a Sargiento Mayor with his Wife, a son of military age, and three ser vants." He was described as a native of New Mexico, married, forty-seven years old, tall and swarthy, with black hair and beard; he was also lame in one arm.” His first wife was an Antonia Ortiz [Baca?], who bore him these sons: Nicolas, José, Ja cinto, and Francisco Tomas Simon.“ Of these, José seemed to be the only one living and with him in 1680. His second wife, the one with him at this time, was Ana de Almazcin, widow of Andrés Lopez de Sambrano, by whom he had no children; but they did have six adopted ones, the eldest of whom might be the Lucia who was made captive in 1680 and rescued by her “brother” José in 1692.” The rest of Lorenzo’s life is told in the next century. Roque de Madrid, son of Francisco de Mad rid II and grandson of Juan Ruiz Caceres, was the husband of Juana de Arvid (Lopez), daughter of Maria Pacheco and grand-daugh ter of Geronimo Pacheco.” He escaped the 1680 massacre with his wife and two small children, and was describediin 1681 as a na tive of New Mexico, a captain, married, thir ty-seven years old, tall and slim in stature, swarthy, with a gray beard and thick, black hair." In the Vargas Entry of 1692, Roque Rescued from captivity a certain Petrona, {G6} wife of Crist()bal Nieto, and her children, all of whom were related to his wife.” The an nals of subsequent campaigns are filled with his activities as a military leader. These, and his descendants, are treated in the following century. * =l< at =1: :1: * * :0 Other Madrid men who appear in the 1680 1681muster-rolls are the following: Juan de Madrid escaped with his wife and six small children, and was described in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, forty years old, of thickset, medium build, dark, with curly, gray beard and thick, black hair; also, a cata ract over the left eye.” He had three succes sive wives: Micaela Martin, Maria de Man dragon, and Ana Holguin_ His family stayed at Guadalupe del Paso where a son, Francis co, married Maria de Salazar at Socorro del Paso, in 1703; a daughter, Manuela, became the wife of Antonio Valencia in 1710; and an other, Maria, married Alonso Cisneros in 1690.” Francisco de Madrid III appears to have been an older brother of Roque; also, the pre ceding Juan, for that matter. Francisco es caped in 1680 with his wife and four small children, and in the following year was de scribed as a captain forty—twoyears old, a na tive of New Mexico, married, of medium height, swarthy and gray-haired.“ He seems to have died by 1705,when a Juan de Avalos testified that he (Francisco) was the father of two now adult illegitimates, and that he had heard this from both_ Francisco and Roque de Madrid; Roque wrote back indig nantly denying the charge.” Pedro de Madrid also appears to be a bro ther of the foregoing men. He passed muster in 1680with his wife and five small children. In 1681he held the post of adjutant and was from forty to fifty years of age. He was de scribed as a native of New Mexico, of good stature, with very thick and partly gray beard and long, wavy hair.“ His wife was Yumar Varela Jaramillo. 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Sample page from AGN, I'n.quisicio'n,tomo 356, foja- 268, dated Janu ary 30, 1626.Signed attestations by Don Pedro Durén y Chaves and Francisco de Madrid. ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES have stayed permanently at Guadalupe del Paso. One son, José, born there after the Re bellion, married a Josefa de Contreras at Senecu del Paso.“ A daughter, Lucia, also born there, married Pedro Meusnier.“ tioned by Lorenzo de Madrid the previous year. An adjutant in 1692, Jose found his “sister,” Lucia de Madrid, a captive at Zuni; single when captured in 1680, she had two children, one about twelve.“ 'José’s wife was Maria Trujillo, with whom Iosé de Madrid, not mentioned in 1680, passed muster in 1681 as a native of New he was a sponsor in 1686.”‘'He might be the man of this name who was on trial in 1693 Mexico, married, and twenty-two to twenty five years old. He had a good, robust stature, dark complexion, thick, black hair and beard.“ He was the son of military age men for living in concubinage and for trying to kill his wife.” He was dead by 1711 when a daughter, Maria, married Tomas Lucero at Guadalupe del Paso in 1711.” AGI, Contn.d., leg. 842A, Data. AGN, Mnx., Inq., t. 356, 1. 268 1G. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 486. 17. Revolt, I, p. 142; II, p. 122. 1I)ld., t. 372, ft. 11, 1'7. 18. First Expcdltlon, p. 184. 19. Revolt, I, p. 145; II, pp. 56, 122. Ibld.. t. 369, f. 4v. B-H, III, p. 57. AGN, Ioc. cit... t. 507, p. 1646. Iblrl., t. 596, Pt. 2, I. 156v. 55‘?’.'~‘.°‘5":“5'°!°!“ 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. AGI, Contnd., leg. 736, Data. AGN, loc. clt., t. 596, Pt. 2, I. 156V; 1.. 587. pp. 386-388. Sp. Arch., I, No. 486. DM, 1697, No. 17, b. Revolt, I, pp. 35, 143. Ibld., II, pp. 66, 129. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 502. Ibld.; DM, 1694, No. 34; AGI, Gumdnlnlsra, leg. 139. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. %. 29. 30. DM, 1690, No. 2; 1703, No. 1; 1710, No. 13. Revolt, I, p. 141; II, pp. 75, 98, 331. DM, 1705, No. 10. nu-on, I, p. 151; II, pp. 44, 112. DH. 1709. No. 13. lbld., 1699, No. 9. llevnlt, II.-DD. 85, 103-104, 142. First Expedition, 13.237. DM. 1686. N0. 1. lblrl., 1693, NO. 2. Ibld., 1711, No. 3. MAESE JUAN MAESE, a Sargento twenty-eight years old in 1632,had an estancia somewhere in New Mexico. He is mentioned in passing and is not heard of again.‘ Esteban Maese lived in the middle of the century; his widow, Antonia Gonzalez, was still alive and quite old in 1682.” Among the refugees of the 1680Indian Re bellion, only two male adults of this name can be found, Alonso and I/uis. I Alonso Mcrese, married, escaped with fif teen persons in his family, including his mo ther [Antonia Gonzélez?] and children, all very poor.” In 1681 he stated that he was forty years old, and had a son who was twen ty. Alonso was briefly described as being of medium height and having thick hair.‘ Else - 12. 3-1. AGN. M.-x.. lnq., t. 372, t. 15; t. 304, 1. 187v. Ibldop L 1551. L 382. Revolt. I, p. 147. Ibld.. II» Dp. 58. 125. [63] where, this son of his is referred to as Juan Maeseﬁ Alonso’s wife was Catalina Montario. They did not return with the Reconquest but re mained at El Real de San Lorenzo, as may be seen from their children’s marriages. Juan had married an Estefénia Gonzalez, whose daughter, Maria, married a Juan de Varela there in 1709;“Gabriel applied to marry Bea triz Lucero de Godoy in 1691, but it is not known if the marriage took place;’ Francisco married Juliana del Rio at Guadalupe del Paso in 1701;and Ana Maria became the wife of Alfonso Hidalgo in the same year.” Luis Maese was most likely Alonso’s broth er. In 1681 he was described as a native of New Mexico, thirty years old, married, of medium build, having good features, black hair and heard." His wife was Josefa dc Arch uleta, and both returned to Santa Fe in 1693. .‘°9°."E-7”?‘ mm. leg. 2, Pt. 3, 2. 22:». DH, 1709. No. 3. llild., 1691, N0. 1. llihl., 1701, Nos. 2, 5. Ilovolt, II, pp. -13, 126. IN TIIE SEVEN'I‘EEN’1‘II CENTURY MARQUEZ (Marquez Sambrano) GERGNIMO MARQUEZ was the Ma-ese de Campo of the troops which joined Oﬁate in 1600.He was forty years old, a native of San lucar de Barrameda, the son of Hernan Mu ﬁozZamorano. He was described as swarthy and black-bearded.‘ In the Puana muster-roll of 1597he had the rank of Captain of Artil lery, when his father’s name was written as Hernan Martin Sambrano, and his birthplace as San Luear la Mayor.” With him came his wife and five grown sons? His name runs through all the Ofiate annals as an adventur ous leader. He was exiled from New Mexico,‘ but he returned—if ever the sentence was carried out. As’ late as 1631 he was living at his estancia at Acomilla in the Rio Abajo dis trict.‘ His wife’s name is not known, but an am biguous statement makes her seem to be a Dona Ana de Mendoza, daughter and grand daughter of leading Conquistadores of New Spain. She had three sisters who were nuns, and was a niece of Don Fernando de Oﬁate as well as a first cousin of Francisco de Zaldi Var.“Their five sons were: Francisco, Pedro, Juan, Hernando, and Diego. A daughter, Ma ria, became the wife of Francisco de Madrid. Frcmcisco Méxrquez was forty-three in 1631 when he was mentioned as the brother of the late Hernando Sambrano, and the husband of Maria Nanez, sister of Diego Bellido.’ His wife was from Socorro de los Piros.” They had a daughter, Catalina, who married Nico las de Aguilar. Pedro Métrquez was an Alfér-ez thirty-five years old, married, and living in Santa Fe in 1626,the brother—in-law of Francisco de Ma drid, and brother of Hernan Marquez Sam brano.” He died shortly after, for his widow, Catalina Pérez dc Bustillo, nineteen, was liv ing at her estancia at La Canada in 1631.“ Juan Marquez is mentioned as the son of Captain Geronimo Marquez as early as 1613.” Ile, too, died early, for his wife, Maria dc Archuleta, was a widow, thirty years old, in 1631.” There was another Juan Marquez, thirty six years old in 1639-1641,who was an Al;fé rez and Treasurer of the Holy Crusade, and is said to have been murdered by order of Governor Rosas.“ He was a son, no doubt, of any of the Marquez brothers, perhaps of Juan. Hernando Mfrrquez was an Alférez in 1625.” He was dead by October, 1628,when his bro ther Pedro accused a Mexican Indian wo man, Beatriz by name, of causing Hernando’s death through witchcraft.“ Hernando had been living in coneubinage with a Juana de la Cruz, also accused of hexing him after he spurned her." Diego Mértzfuezwas accused as a major ae complice in the death of Governor Rosas, and was beheaded in Santa Fe with seven other captains in 1643.“ His widow, Dona Bernar dina Vasquez, was still living at the est-ancia of Los Cerrillos in 1660 with her daughter Margarita.” Their children were: Cristobal, Pedro, Bern.abé, Margarita, wife of Geronimo Carvajal, and, perhaps, Catalina. Diego also had a natural half-breed son, who lived as an Indian at Santo Domingo by the name of Alonso Catiti. 1&1 * * =0! * It II! II Members of this family living in 1680 and after were the following: Pedro Mdrquez escaped the Indian massacre with one son. The enemy had carried off his wife and daughter.” In 1681he gave his age as forty, saying he was a native of New Mex ico and a widower. He was described as thick set, with a plump face pitted by smallpox." [59] 6 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES In 1672, Francisco M'.'1rquczrescued his aunt, Lucia» -~ -, wife of Pedro M:'1rquc7.residing at Casas Grandes, and her dauglitcr.“ This Pc dro was from Nambé.“ Ilc was a cousin of the namesake who follows. This family prob ably never returned to New Mexico. brother of Diego Mzirquez. Ilis wife was David Maria dc CI1.(mr'.x', sister of the Sargent!) Ma? 07', Don Fernando D. y Chaves, who had es caped from Taos in 1680:“ Bernabé fled to Mexico City in 1683with this brother-in-law, to get permission to abandon New Mexico for good, but turned back.~"” Pedro Mdrquez, a captain, escaped with his wife, two children, and six servants.“ He gave his age as thirty in 1681, saying he was married and ill in bed. He was accused of profiteering with the Chaves - Dominguez clans at the expense of the refugee colony at Guadalupe del Paso.“ This was natural, as his wife was a daughter of Don Pedro de Chaves, with whom he left the colony in 1682.“As a brother of Bernabé Marquez,“ he was a son of Diego Marquez and Bernardina Vazquez. Alonso Catiti, a coyote Indian lead er of Santo Domingo Pueblo, was referred to as a brother of Pedro.” This family, with its kindred Chaves and Dominguez families, did not return with the Reconquest. Bernabé Marquez was besieged by the In dians at his ancestral place of Los Cerrillos, and was rescued on the night of August 12, 1680, by a force sent by Governor Otermin from Santa Fe. With him were his wife and six half-grown children, seven servants, and a brother-in—law[a Chaves] of military age.” He was described in 1681 as thirty-eight or thirty-nine years old and married, a native of New Mexico, having a good, slender build, a thick beard, and chestnut hair.“ He was a Oliace, p. 208. onaw. DD. 104-150. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 304. t. 189. 50-1» Mex.. Aud., leg. 72, Tltle 1489. AG-N. Ioc. clt., t. 372, Exp. 19, 1!. 18-19. IbId., 1. 20. lbld., t. 512. 1. 90. 10. lbId., t. 304, t. 186; t. 356, M. 267-303. 11. 1bld.. t. 356, Exp. 19. 1. 7. 12- AGI. 0ontn.d., leg. 716. Data. S‘°F°:~'P.°".“$-°!°!" 12-- doc», 2h'6«;o,11637_Ii, III, p. 49, A01, Patronnw, <i0ntad'-t. lie.. 726. Data. oc. c . _ - _ , leg. _ 17' “M”. t. 304' 1.. 183114, 1 186, t 372, Exp 19. rt. 1819. 18. Ch. and State, pp. 127, 162, 175-176 19. AGN. loo. ell‘... t. 581, p. 69; t. 507, 1. 24. [70] de Levya in 1682.3’ Francisco Mérquez, not listed in 1680, is mentioned as married and twenty-two years of age in 1681.38He is the one who in 1692 res cued his aunt Lucia and her daughter from Indian captivity.” He ran away from the exile colony with a Domingo»Lujén in 1682, but both came back or were caught.” He and his family returned with the Reconquest. Revolt, I. p. 145 1hld., II, pp. 133, 145. First Expcdltlon, p. 184. BNM, log. 2. Pt. 3, If. 354-347. Revolt, I, p. 148. Ihld., II, pp. 55, 162-165. BNM, Ioc. clt. lbId.. 1. 364. Revolt, II, pp. 261. 279, 295, 386. lbld., I. PD. 11. 20. 97, 119, 152. IhId., II, pp. 40, 109. 31. BNM, Ioc. 1-IL. f. 290. :oc&2gic.!. L 372, ft. 11-17. 2“. Ramgz. Antonio Mcirquez, Captain, escaped in 1680 with his wife, five children, and eight ser vants.“ He was thirty-eight in 1681,described as a native of New Mexico, with a good sta ture and features, black hair and beard. He went on the Otermin Campaign of that year.” The Antonio Marquez mentioned in 1668 as having three oxen that belonged to the Ger man trader, Bernardo Gruber, was most like ly this man, and so a resident of the Rio Abajo area.“ His wife was Francisco Domin guez. Their daughter, Estefdnia, married J osé Z3. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. AGI, Guadalajara. leg. 25, Pt. 1. lbld» Pntroqato, leg. 22, Pt. 5, t. 719. 3- The name of his eldest son was Diego Mdr quez.” This entire family did not return to New Mexico, presumably leaving for New Spain with the Dominguez and Pedro de Chaves clans, 32. lbId., ff. 275-283. 33. nc-volt. II, p. 115: Bnrloltnné ls very llkcly an en-or. 34. lhld., I. p. 145. 35. Ihld., II. PD- 125, 319, 391. 36. AGN, Ioc. c|t., t. 608. 37. 38. 39. 40. DM, 1682. No. 3. Revolt. II, p. 72. First Exp;-dlllon, Ioc. clt. BNM, Ioc. clt., t. 290. ‘TIIE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY MARTIN BARBA ALONSO MARTIN BARBA was a fifty year-old captain living in Santa Fe in 1632.‘ His wife was Maria Martin, allegedly poison ed by a Maria Bernal with whom Alonso was having relations. A daughter of his, Maria de los Angeles, twenty-two, was the widow of I Gaspar de Arratia, and a son, Diego, was mar ried to Isabel de Cabinillas.2 In 1634 his grand-daughter, Ynez de Zamora, child of Alférez Diego de Montoya and Ana Martin, married a Sarrgento Juan Lopez, Alonso him self, fifty-three at the time, and his second wife,Francisca de Herrera Abrego, were the wedding sponsors.3 This Francisca de Abrega escaped the Indian massacre of 1680 with eight children and grandchildren, all very poor.‘ Alonso’schildren were: Diego, Alonso, Ma ria de los Angeles, Ana, and another daughter [Maria?] who as early as 1613was married to a Francisco [de Salazar? Montoya?] whose last name is illegible.” Diego Martin Barbcr, son of Alonso, was a captain living in Santa Fe in 1637 with his wife, Isabel de Cabinillasﬁ In 1642 he gave his age as thirty. He was one of the eight captains ordered beheaded in 1643 for com plicity in the death of Governor R0sas.7 His name is carved on Inscription Rock with the date “1636.” M‘-N. Mex.. Inq., t. 304. :1. 191-195. 1ma.. t. 372. Exp. 19. 1:. 7-10. ma. t. 380. H. 233-247. Revolt. I. pp. 151-152. AGN. loc. c|t., t. 316. I. 172. IbId.. t. 304. 1. 7; t. 372. Exp. 19. tr. 7-10. ."9’?':“5-"E0!" on. and State, 1). 175; om; mu, 1:. 6v, 30-32. Alonso Martin Borbcx II was mentioned in 1660 as a son of Alonso Martin Barba of La Canada.‘ He was an Alférez living in Chililif’ Sometime later he was exiled from the Sa linas country for concubinage with his com adre Ynez. He was dead by 1669.” Alonso had a younger brother, referred to once in 1663 as “Fulano” Barba,“’ who might be either the Domingo or Esteb-an mentioned in the Rebellion records. The three Martin Barbas found listed in 1680-1681are the following: Domingo Martin Barba, forty-two or forty four years of age, escaped with his wife and five children. He was described as a native of New Mexico, of good, slender stature, swar thy, with a thick, black beard, and some up per teeth missing.“ Esteban Barba was an Alférez killed at Santo Domingo with the friars and two other soldiers." Juan Barba, twenty years old and single, escaped with his widowed mother and young brethren; he was described as having a long face, straight hair, and smallpox scars.“ He was the son of Esteban Barba. Years later he returned to New Mexico as Juan Lujan. His sister J osefa, daughter of Esteban Barba and Maria Lujdn, appeared as a marriage witness in 1687.“ 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. AGN, loc. clt... t. 587. pp. 45, 80. Ibld., t. 666. 1. 555. Ibld.. t. 594, Exp. 1. 1. 7v. Revolt, I, p. 68: II, pp. 105, 123. 146. Ibld., I, p. 66. lbId., II. DD. 99-100. DM, 1687, No. 1. _ MARTIN SERRANO HERNAN MARTIN SERRANO came with the original Oﬁate colony of 1598. He was then forty years old, the son of Hernén Mar tin Serrano and a native of Zacatecas, tall of stature, sparse—beardedand poekmarked.‘ He is designated in the 1597 muster-roll as the {'71} O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Sargcnto of the Expedition. His wife, Juana Rodriguez, and family are with him; he has cattle, horses, utensils, and even a -millstoneﬁ In 1626, Captain Hernan Martin Serrano, seventy years of age, was considered an an cient settler and resident of Santa Fen“ He had two sons, Hernan II and Luis. Maria Mar tin, first wife of Alonso Martin Barba, was very likely his daughter. Heman Martin Serrano II gave his age as twenty-five in 1632, when he was known as Hernén Martin “el Mozo.” He was involved at this time with a woman of low estate in Santa Fe‘ although his residence was at La Canada.“ In 1635 he gave his age as twenty seven, and in 1641 as forty, and in 1642 as over thirty-eight? He declared himself to be fifty-eight in 1664, an encomendero and a captain, and a widower at this time. He also said that he had been born at El Yunque.“ By 1660he was living in Santa Fe, while his bro ther Luis lived in the paternal lands at La Canada.’ Some years later, 1667-1669,he ap pears to have been living in the Salinas dis trict, along with José and Juan Martin Ser rano and a Maria Martin, widow of Bartolo mé de Ledesrna.“ These three were his chil dren, apparently. Juan ‘died prior to 1680,for he is not mentioned then, and his widow was living with in-laws at Corpus Christi de Ysleta in 1684;” José, also, who is not men tioned again. Hernén, or Hernando, appears to have had at least three successive wives: Maria Mon tano, mother of Pascuala Martin who mar ried Diego Duran;‘° Catalina Griego, mother of another Cristobal Martin who married Juana de la Cruz;“ and Josefa de la Asencién Gonzalez, several of whose children were liv ing in Santa Fe after the Reconquest. Hernén’s activities at the time of the In dian Rebellion testify to his vigor. He passed muster in 1680,in the company of the Salinas Socorro area, as a captain more than eighty years old. With him was a family of nine— wife, children, and grandchildren." In the following year he gave his age as seventy-six or seventy-seven, and was ready to serve as [72] a soldier. lie was described as a native of New Mexico, married, of good stature, ro bust, with gray beard and partly gray hair, and a film on his left eye.” He had become proficient in the Indian tongues, so that he served as an officer and interpreter of the Jumana language during the Dominguez Ex pedition into Texas in 1683-1684.“ Born around the year 1604, he would have been close to ninety if he was alive to return with the Reconquest; anyway, his Vast and di verse progeny did come back to New Mexico in 1693. Luis Martin Serrano, brother of Hernén, was disliked by Governor Mendizabal for his friendship with the friars; he also accused Luis of being the man who broke down the door wh'en Governor Rosas was assassinat ed.” He lived at La Canada, where he alleg edly hid an illegitimate child of Governor Manso before it was spirited off to Mexico City.” ‘His wife was Catalina de Salazar, who was a widow by 1663.At this time we learn that Luis had been the Alcalde Mayor and Captain of the Tewa jurisdiction." Catalina was very likely a daughter of Captain Sebastian Rodri guez de Salazar. Luis’ descendants can be distinguished from those of his brother Her nan because they sometimes appended her Salazar name to that of their father. Luis Martin Serrano II was, in all likeli hood, their son, as also a Pedro Martin Ser rano de Salazar. Luis Martin Serrano II escaped the 1680mas sacre with his wife and twelve children, four of these being sons of military age. Luis held the rank of captain.” The next year he gave his age as forty-eight or fifty, and declared that a son of his, eighteen years old, was ready to beararms. He himself was described as a native of New Mexico, married, having a good, slender physique, dark complexion, black hair and beard, and a mole on the left cheek.” Two sons who were described as his were Antonio, twenty-six, and Luis, “the 'ru1«‘. sis:vi«;N'r 1-:1«:N'riI CENTURY Y.mmger,”thirty—fou1‘; both were marricd.”" His wife was /ln.ton.ia dc ’Miran.da, as we learnfrom later sources. Their children were, besides Luis III and Antonio, another who has been identified as Francisco. Two daugh ters are also known: Maria, wife of Antonio Lujan, and Maria Rosa, who married Nicolas Lépez. Since this family returned to New Mexicoin 1693, they will be fully treated in ' the next century. Cristobal Martin Serrano appears in 1681 as a married man of twenty-six, having a good stature, but slender, with black eyes, thick, blackhair and heard.“ To all appearances, he was a son of Herman Martin II. He and his wife,Antonia de Moraga-, are met again after the Reconquest with their children, Cristobal II, Diego,Maria, wife of Manuel Antonio Do minguez, and J osefa. Domingo Martin Serrano escaped in 1680 with his wife and two children. He said that Ofmte, p. 193. Ptl AGI, Patronuto, t. 22, Pt. 5: AGI, Mex., Aud., leg. 25, AG-N, Mex., Inq., t. 356. I. 267. Ibld., t. 304. if. 184-185: t. 372. Exp. 19. ff. 5. 9. Ibld., t. 425. 1. 639; t. 380, 1.’.250: his signature appears in several of these references; Ortiz Trlnl, ff. 47v. 48v. . AGN, loc. clt., t. 507. pp. 1758-1768, 388-674. lbId.. t. 587. pp. 87-88: t. 594, p. 267. Ibld., t. 666. ff. 393-400. Ibld., Prov. Int.. t. 37, pp. 100-104. . DM, 1694. No. 20. . Ibld.. 1697. No. 5. l_'_,‘35°9°."°" 5-":“5*" 5”." he was thirty—two in 1681, and was described as a man of good stature with a long face, thick beard, and long, black hair.‘'“ He and his family returned with the Reconquest and settled in Santa Cruz; hence he can be pre sumed to be the fourth son mentioned by Luis Martin H. His wife was Josefa de Herrera, and their children: Diego, Blas, ZVI-atias,Maria, wife of Juan Lujén, and, perhaps, another daughter who married Pedro Sanchez de Yﬁigo. Apolinar Martin (without “Serrano”) pass ed muster in 1680with his wife, two children, and three servants. He was described as a na tive of New Mexico, thirty-three to thirty seven years of age, of medium, robust size, swarthy, much pitted by smallpox, and hav ing thick, black hair and beard.“ Nothing more is heard of him after 1684,when he was residing at Ysleta del Paso with four Martin Serrano families, those of Juan Martin’s wi dow, and of Antonio, Cristobal, and Domingo Martin.“ 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Revolt, I. p. 157. Ihld., II. DD. 48, 128. AGN, Mcx.. Inq., t. 37; NMHS, No. 2854. AGN, Ioc. clt., t. 594. pp. 261-267; Ortlz Trial, f. 6v. Ibld., pp. 39-42. Ihld., Tlcrrns, t. 3268, pp. 265-268. Revolt, I, pp. 143, 173. IbId., II, pp. 55. 131. IbId., pp. 67, 120, 185, 194, 197. lbld., p. 120. lhId., I. p. 142; II. pp. 65-66. 128-129. lhld.. I. p. 145; II, pp. 68, 121. AGN, Prov. I.nt., t. 37, pp. 100-104. MESTAS JUAN DE MESITAS, or de Mesta, was an Asturian (Montaﬂés) who lived briefly in New Mexico between the years 1655 and 1560}he probably belonged to Governor Man S0’spersonal retinue. Some brothers of his Werewith him, and these also returned with him to Mexico City, where he was living in 15.51.‘ From his association with the infamous Nicolas de Aguilar we can presume that he Spentmuch of his time in the Salinas district, fromwhence, legitimately or otherwise, came tW0Mestas individuals. Tomés de Mestas (here also de Amestas) and his brother Juan escaped the 1680 mas sacre with only a horse and sword between them. They had a family of seven persons their mother, brothers, and nephews. Both passed muster together in the following year.’ Tomas was described as a native of New Mexico, twenty-two or twenty-three years old and a widower, having a medium stature and broad shoulders, with a long face, very small eyes, wavy, chestnut hair, and no beard —'-orrather, a very scanty red beard. With [73] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES him were his mother and brothers.“ lie is not heard of again. Juan de Mestas was described as a native of New Mexico, single, twenty years old, having a good stature, a fair complexion, a long face, and chestnut hair and beard." Juan returned to New Mexico with the Vargas Reconquest, having married during the 1680-1693exile. At his second marriage in Santa Fe he said that his parents were unknown and called himself “Juan de Mestas Peralta.” The description of the two Mestas brothers shows the blood of the northern Spaniard who came with Gov crnor Manso; the Peralta name suggests their mother's family origin, or else they were reared by a person of this name, perhaps the Sargiento Mayor Andrés de Peralta who was killed at Santo Domingo Pueblo in 1680. Anyway, Juan dc Mestas, through his seven sons and numerous daughters, is the founder of a vast family of the next century which in modern times corrupted the name to “Maes— tas.” 1. AGN. Mex., Inq., t. 512, f. 116; Cont-ad.. leg. 748, Data. 2. Revolt. I, pp. 148, 176: II, p. 50. 3. 1bId., II, pp. 105, 130-131. 4. lbld., p. 151. t. 587, p. 416; AG], MIRANDA ANDRES DE MIRANDA is mentioned briefly in 1617.1It could be that Blas de Mi randa was meant, or he could have been the latter’s father, if related at all. Maria de Archuletaﬁ He went with another soldier-escort in 1658.‘His lands were in the valley of Taos, referred to by Vargas in 1692 as “lo de Miranda.” The name did not exist Blas de Miranda was among the fourteen soldiers escorting the wagon—train to New Mexico in 1636.2However, he had been living in New Mexico prior to this time. His wife, in 1631,was Juliana Pérez de Bustillo, niece of da, wife of Luis Martin Serrano II, who was perhaps his daughter. in 1680 or after, except for Antonia de Mirarn— S":“‘5‘°!°!“ AGN. Max., Inr|., t. 316. f. 183. AG], Con(ad., leg. 736. Data. AGN, loc. c|t., t. 372, Exp. 19. t. 9. AG]. loc. elt.. leg. 749. Data. Doc. Hist. de Mex., p. 128. MIZQUIA LAZARO DE MIZQUIA was the officer in charge of the convicts sent to New Mexico in 1677. He Rivastwenty-four, the son of Domin go, and a native of Villa de Motrico in Gui puzcoa. He was tall and fair, with a broad face, large forehead, and thick eyebrows.‘ He stayed in New Mexico and married Maria Lucero de Godoy, daughter of Pedro Lucero and Francisca Gémez Robledo.’ In 1680 he took an active part in the de fense of Santa Fe, and from there went with [74] the refugees to Guadalupe del Paso, with his wife and two children? In 1681 he said he was twenty-nine, a native of Motrico, and married in New Mexico. He was described as having a good stature and features, a fair and ruddy complexion, with a thick, reddish beard and long, reddish, straight hair.‘ He and his family remained at Guadalupe del Paso after the Reconquest, where he was Procurator of the Kingdom for that area in 1695.5 His daughter, Francisca, married Bernardo IN ’l‘IIE SEVENTEENTII dc Chavcs on J:mu:n'y 7, l6.‘).‘)," and later Juan de Ulibarri. In her last will she left her three CENTURY small Chaves children in the care oI her bro ther Domingo dc Mizquia. 1. 13-11,III, pp. 317-822. 2. DM, 1694, No. 34, Del Rio-Lucero Case. 3. Revolt, I, pp. 16, 146. 4- IhId.. II. pp. 37. 109-110, 150 sqq. 5. mi. 1695. No. 9. 6. 1ma., 1699. No. 4. MOHEDANO IucznMohedano, a native of Mexico City, came in the escort of the wagon-train in 1641.‘Nothing more is known about him. In 1660,Diego Romero, son of Gaspar Pérez of Flanders and Maria Romero, was accused of having had a child by his first cousin, “La Mohedana,” wife of a certain “Mohedano.”? This means that a grand-daughter of Bartolo mé Romero and Luisa Robledo had married this Juan Mohedano. But if they had any male children, they must have changed their name, for it does not appear again. 1. A61. 0ontad., leg. 926. Data. 2. AGN, Mex., 11111.,t. 587, p. 93; t. 512, ff. 179-181. MONDRAGON _JUANDE MONDRAGON was an Alférez, thirty-four years of age, who was a Regent of Santa Fe in 1637.‘The house of Juana Stin chezand Juan de Mondragén is mentioned in 1641;’this woman was most likely his wife, from the name “Sanchez de Monroy” used by a descendant. It could be that she was the same “Juana Sanchez” who had been mar ried to Juan Gomez. In 1642, as a captain, Mondragonacted as a witness? A Juan Alonso Mondragén is mentioned in the matter of train-escorts from Mexico City in 1629;and Juan, already a captain, did go with the escorts of 1639, 1643, and 1653.‘ He held the encomienda of Senecu in 1660, and in 1664was also High Sheriff of Santa Fe? He was more than eighty years old and very poor, when he passed muster in 1680 with twenty-four members in his refugee family.“ He died two years later in Guadalupe del Paso.’ Juana ________ de Mondragén, wife of Domingo L6 pez de Ocanto in 1669, was most likely his daughter.” Two others, Melchora de los Reyes and Sebastiana-,were living in Santa Fe after the Reconquest and claiming land owned by their father before the “uprising of the In dians.” 9 Sebastiém Sénchez de Mondrcxgén, also known as Scinchez de Monroy, was the only Mondragon, besides old Juan, who passed muster in 1680-1681.He was reported as being married and very poor, with a family of three (not necessarily his children)?“ -In 1681 he gave his age as twenty-three or twenty-five, and was described as a native of New Mexico, married, having a medium build, swarthy complexion, with black and very curly hair, a black mustache and scant beard.“ In 1692 he acted as an interpreter during the first Vargas Campaign.” He returned with the Reconquest. AGN M .. . . “M”: L -3=25'I;:_q6.4§.369. 1. 6. only mu, 1:. 21, 46-48. A01, Contad., legs. 730, 747. mm; .°.‘v":“9".'~’!" non, BNM, leg. 2. Pt. 3. t. 354. AGN, Ioc. clt., t. 582, pp. 250-251. Sp. Ar('h., I, No. 289. . nemn. B44. in. p. 52. I. p. 152. . Ihld., II, pp. 63, 130. loo. cn.,4_§. 537, p. 133; c. 507. p. 456. 5,‘j3f-'—‘.“‘." . mm Expedition. v. 80 [75] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES MONTANO Isidro Xuares, twenty years old, the son of Pedro Xuares MONTANO, came with Oﬁate in 1598.He had a good stature and a chestnut beard, and was a native of Jerez de los Cab alleros.‘ He brought new troops to New Mex ico in 1600, when his name was given as Xuares de Figueroa, but still his father’s name was Pedro Suares Montana. He was now an Alférez and was further described as having a swarthy complexion and a long face “re cently bearded.”’ In 1603he was with the wa gon-train escort? But it is not known if he stayed in New Mexico, or what connection he had with certain Montaﬁo people in later times. Catalina, Maria, and Magdalena; they were probably the children of a first husband of this name. These are in all likelihood the step—daughters of Diego de Apodaca, referred to in a case of incest. Catalina, mother of Juana de Arzate (Maese or Apodaca), was the wife later on of Alonse Maese; Maria was a wife of Hernén Martin Serrano; and Magdalena was present at testimony given in 1668regarding an itin erant German merchant, Bernardo Gruber. Also present was Seba-stidnMontana, perhaps a brother of these women.“ Sebcrstifm Montcxfiowas reported very ill at Las Salinas in 1669;later a Captain, he had a house at La Canada before the Rebellion of Vicente Lopez Montafio came to New Mex 1680.’ He is most likely the same man just ico in 1628, but as owner of the wagon—train most likely returned with it to Mexico City.‘ \ cited at Las Salinas in 1668. In 1680 he acted Lucas Montana came in the escort of 1640.5 as interpreter for Governor Otermin;3 and in the following year he was described as a na But was he a native of New Mexico, or did tive of New Mexico, married, a captain thir he stay as a Colonist? ty-two years old, having a medium build, aquiline face, no beard, and long, black hair.” Several Montaﬁo individuals find more Whatever Montaﬁo people returned with than passing mention in the middle of the Vargas in 1693,and were not children of An century and after, all in the Salinas district. tonio Montaﬁo de Sotomayor, belonged to this Sebastiana Lopez de Gracia had three Salinas group. daughters whose last name was Montaﬁo: 1. 2. 5. lbld., leg. 735, Data. Oﬁnic, p. 200. Ihld., p. 207. 6. AGN, Mr-,x., Inq., t. 608, ff. 437-444; 1.. 666, t. 374. 7. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 818; B-H, III, p. 273. 8. Revolt. I, p. 61. 9. lhld.. II. pp. 121-122. 3. A01. Contad., leg. 704, Data. 4. Ibld., leg. 729, Data. ' MONTANO (Montaﬁo de Sotomayor) (JUAN) ANTONIO DE SOTOMAYOR MONTANO, or names reversed, had come to New Mexico as a convict shortly before the Indian Rebellion, although he is not listed with the 1677group under Lazaro de Mizquia. ' He married after his arrival. In 1680he pass {'76} ed muster as a convict with a complete set of weapons, his wife, a female servant, but no children.‘ The next year he gave his age as thirty, when he was described as being of me dium height, lisping in his speech, and with a fair and pimply skin.” He was a native of the City of Mexico.” IN 11,5 wife \v:is Isabel. .Im'_q(- dc Vern. Both returned to Santa Fe in 1693 with several children born at Guadalupe dcl Paso during the twelve-year exile. These were: J osé, Lu cas, another Jose’, Polonia, Leonor, Magda 'r 11 E S H v 1-‘.N '1' I?) 1-: N '1‘ ll (1 1-: N '1' U 11 Y Irnu, mid .Imrnu. the lust l.l1r«-vlm-inning the wiws of.three sons of Don Fernando Duran y Chaves. 1. 2. 3. Rvwrlt. I. p. 157. mm., II, pp. 77. 99. mi, 1604, Nos.-19, 25, 29. MONTOYA BARTOLOME de MONTOYA came with his entire family in 1600. He was a native of Cantillana (near Sevilla), the son of Fran ciscode Montoya, and was briefly described as being short of stature, blackbearded, and twenty-eight years old.‘ His wife was Maria de Zamora, born in Mexico City at San Se bastian, the daughter of Pedro de Zamora, who was a resident of that city and former AlcaldeMayor of Oaxaca. Her mother's name was Agustina Abarca.’ Maria had married Montoya at Tezcoco,3 and by the time they joined Oﬁate’s colony they had three boys and two girls, who were all under sixteen in 1600: Francisco, Diego, José, Lucia and Pe tronila.‘ Bartolomé was an Alférez in 1609 when he escorted a band of friars from Zaca Vtecas to Santa Fe.” This is the last we hear of him. Of the girls, Lucia married Diego Robledo, and Petronita became the wife of Pedro Lu cero de Godoy. After his first wife’s death Diego, who was dead_by 1661,had married Dona Maria Ortiz de Vera, or Baca,“ daughter of Diego de Vera and Maria de Abendaﬁo. She had three daughters prior to her marriage to Montoya. These were Beatriz, Josefa, and Juana, who sometimes were referred to as “Ortiz” and also as “Montoya.” There was also a Lucia de Montoya, mentioned in 1663,“ perhaps a daughter by Diego, who became the wife of Francisco de Trujillo. Juana married Andrés Gomez Robledo, Iosé de Montoya is not mentioned again since his arrival in 1600 as a child. * * * =!= * * * * A Pedro de Montoya went on several jour neys in the soldier-escort from New Spain in 1633, 1643, and 1646. In 1633 he is mentioned as one of twelve soldiers recruited at Zacate cas, along with Juan Lopez and Nicolas Or tiz.” Hence he was a different man from Pe dro de Montoya, son of Diego. In 1682, at the Francisco de Montoya appears to have been married to a daughter of Alonso Martin Bar ba, and is mentioned briefly in 1613.‘ Noth ing more is known about him. Diego de Montoya was an Alférez living in Santa Fe in 1628.’ He married Ana Martin, daughter of Alonso Martin Barba, by whom he had a daughter, Ynez de Zamora, who married a certain Juan Lopez.” There were at least two sons, Pedro, twenty—six in 1634, who was still living in 1663,“and Bartolomé, who inherited his father’s encomicnda of San Pe dro Pueblo around the year 1660.” refugee settlement of San Pedro de Alcan tara, a Rafael Telles Jiron married Mariana de Esparza, a native of New‘Mexico and daughter of Pedro Montoya de Esparza and Luisa Lucero de Godoy, both deceased.” This shows how the Zacatecas recruit was a differ ent Montoya, the Pedro Montoya “el Vtejo” mentioned in 1664 as being the son-in-law of Pedro Lucero and the nephew (by marriage) of an Antonia Gonzalez." Another “Pedro dc Montoya,” whose real name was Pedro de Mayo, was a Peruvian Indian in the entourage of Governor Peﬁalosa [77] ORJGINS OF NEW Mi"..‘(i(1() I"/\ M I l.ll'lS who left New Mexico with his in:i::ivr."" lir could easily be confused with the real Mon toyas. at it * it # * II! II! There were several adult Montoyas who escaped the Indian massacre of 1680, but, be cause of insufficient data, they cannot be linked for certain with their respective par ents of pre-Revolt times. tn /\nl.miio, lmlh In-ii!!! l‘('l;ii.<r(iby uffinity Juan Domingue‘/.’ wife. to Diego and his wife, Maria Joscfa de Hine jos, returned to New Mexico with Vargas in 1693. Felipe de Montoya declared in 1680 that he had four sons. He was twenty—nine in 1681 when he was described as a native of New Mexico, married, of a good slender stature, and having an aquiline face scarred by small pox, and a thick beard.“ Bartolomé de Montoya passed muster in 1680,destitute, with a family of seven per sons, including mother and brethren.” He is not heard of in 1681 or after. Most likely, he was the previously described son of Diego de Montoya; the mother with him could have been Maria Ortiz Baca. Tia.de P-aredes, of the Dominguez de Mendoza Antonio de Montoya escaped in 1680 with clan; hence, Felipe was closely related to An tonio and Diego, perhaps a brother. From later marriages of two children, Ma ria with Cristobal Martin, and Clemente with Josefa Lujén, we learn that his wife was Ma his wife, three children, and two servants." He was forty-one or forty-three years old, a native of New Mexico, married, having a good stature, a dark complexion, black eyes, a thick beard, and a somewhat bald head.” Like Diego, cited next, he was related by marriage to the wife (Isabel de Chaves) of Juan Dominguez de Mendoza.” Antonio and his wife, Maria Hurtado, re turned to New Mexico in 1693 with a family that had grown considerably by then. Francisco de Montoya (de Esparza?) passed muster with sixteen members of his family, which included his mother, brother, nephews and nieces, and servants. He was forty-eight years old and a widower in 1681,described as a native of New Mexico, of medium height, swarthy, with black hair and beard, and a wound-scar on the left temple.” He was among those who ran away from Guadalupe del Paso to New Spain.“ Diego de Montoya passed muster in 1680 with his wife and two children. He was twen ty-three in 1681,described as a New Mexican, married, of good stature, with broad shoul ders, good features, a thick beard, and long Iuun de Montoya, perhaps the brother men tioned by Francisco, passed muster alone in 1680.He was single and eighteen or nineteen years old, described as slender and swarthy with curly hair and no beard.“ He seems to be the Juan de Montoya ordered executed by straight hair.“ Apparently he was a brother %- !(‘)I('g2ge.Bpp. 203-204. lcx. 3.- mm.’ ,IInq . , t . 462, I . 351. 4- Oﬁnte. p. 209. In 1607 Lucia mentioned a sister "Juana." who could not have been more than seven; or was this the Juana de Zamora named as one or the Bacn girls? - AGI. Contad.. leg. 711, Data. AGN. loo. cit. t. 316, t. 172. Illltl-. t. 363. ft. 4-11. IMIL. t. 380. M. 273-247. Ihld., lac. cIt.; t. 596, pt. 1, 1. 75; B-H, III. p. 249. - "lid-. Tlerms, t. 3268. pp. 194-195. H ' CL 1W0 Preceding notes. 118- AG-N. Mex.. Inq.. t. 507. 1. 50. ,.3$°9°.*‘.°‘”‘ [78] Governor Posada for some _crime in 1686.25 12. AGI, Inc. clt.. legs. 738, 740. 845A. Data. 13. mi. 1682. No. 2. 14. AGN, loc. clt., t. 507, p. 133; t. 596, r. 157. 15. 1pm.. t. 507. pp. 172, 223; Troub. Times. pp. 132-133. 16. Revolt. 1'. p. 149. 17. n.m., pp. 35. 140. 18. 1pm.. II. pp. 58. 115. 19. Sp. Arch., II. No. 35. 2o. Rt-volt. 1, p. 145; 11, pp. 60. 111. 21. 1pm., I. p. 140; 11. pp. 59, 110-111, 200. 22. lhid.. I. p. 147: II, p. 116. 23. mm. lciz. 2, pt. 3. r. 302. 24. In-mu, II. pp. 66. 133. 25. sp. Arch.. II. No. 39 IN THE SEVEN'I‘EENTlI CENTURY MONROY (See Srinchez de Monroy and Mondragén) M O RAGA DIEGO DE MORAGA lived in Santa Fe as early as 1632 with his wife, Juana Bernal, daughter of Juan Griego. He was forty-six in 1637,and a Condestable de Artilleria} Even after the Reconquest it was recalled that his househad stood near the spring of the Santa Fe swamp, or cienega, in the days of Govern or de la Conchaﬁ His children, to all appear ances, were Juan and Alonso. A certain La zaro de Moraga, mentioned in the soldier escort of 1658,might have been another son.3 Alonso de Moraga passed muster in 1680 1681as a captain in poor health. He had escaped the massacre with his wife and five small children, the eldest of whom was a boy of fourteen.‘ This boy was Antonio de Moraga,who passed muster in the fall of 1681 with his mother and brethren; hence, his sick father seems to have died. Antonio was de scribed as being of medium height, with a beardless aquiline face and red hair.5 The house of Alonso de Moraga was still standing at La Canada after the Reconquest.“ 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 372. t. 10; t. 369, 1. 6. Sn. Arch-. 1. No. 169; B-11, III, pp. 61, 142. 161. AGI, Contad., leg. 749. Data. 4- Revolt. I. pp. 119, 145; 11, p. 46. 2. 3. Juan de Moraga was mentioned in 1660and 1661as a blacksmith.’ Nothing more is known about him so far. Other Moragas mentioned in Revolt annals are as follows: Juan de Moraga, twenty-one and single, passed muster in 1681.He was described as a native of New Mexico, of thick-set medium build, dark and beardless, and with thick black hair. Withlhim was Lazaro de Moraga, twenty-six or twenty seven, married, and described as a native of New Mexico and looking exactly like Juan.“ Presumably brothers, these two men were too old to be Alonso’s sons, hence must have been the children of old Juan, or old Lazaro. Antonia de Moraga, wife of Cristobal Mar tin Serrano, was very likely a sister of these two. There also was an Ana de Moraga, wife of Captain Juan del Rio, who perhaps was a daughter of old Diego de Moraga and Juana Bernal. Some younger Moragas returned to New Mexico in 1693. 5. 6. 7. Ihld., II. p. 120. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 818. AG-N. lov. c|t., t. 587, pp. 154. 386-388. 8. Revolt, II. p. 121. MORAN JUAN MORAN, twenty-seven, the son of Juan Moran, and born in Mora del Toro, Jerénimo Mordn lived in Santa Fe in 1642, and had a grown son.’ Came with Ofiate’s troops of 1598. He was tall and thin, with a chestnut beard.‘ Nothing more is known about him. Iuan Motrin was the jailcr of Santa Fe in the middle of the century. His wife was Cata [791 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES lina Dzmin. Ile and his son, Juan Dunin, were mentioned together in_1663.“ Bernardina Mordn, widow of Francisco Bernal, and in 1660 married to Pedro de la Cruz,‘ was very likely Juan’s sister. this name among the refugees of 1680.He had :1 family of nine persons with him.-" He and his wife, Maria Celcstina de la Cruz, returned with the Reconquest. Ofmto. p. 194. Ortiz Trlnl, ft. 12, 18. 25-27. AGN. Mex., lnq.. t. 608, I. 431; t. 566. pt. 2, I. 157. llvld., L 587, pp. 315, 316. Miguel Morcin was the only adult male of SJ‘:*S*'."’!" Revolt, I, p. 143. NARANJ o ALONSO NARANJO, forty-two years of age, the son of Diego Carrasco and a native of Valladolid, was one of the Oﬁate soldiers in 1600.He had a good stature, a tawny beard, and a wound on the face.‘ What connection there is between him and later Naranjos can not be ascertained. Diego Martin Naranjo was killed by the Jémez Indians during the term of Governor Argiielloﬁ A -mannamed Naranjo, apparently dead in 1680, was very likely the father of a two year-old girl, Maria Naranjo, who was cap tured with her mother, Juana Hurtado, in 1680,and rescued in 1692 when she was four teen.3 * * >1: =1: * :4: =1: * their mother at a ranch near San Felipe Pu eblo. The eldest, Bartolomé, was killed by the Pueblo rebels of 1680for refusing to side with them.‘ * * * * * * * Pascuul Narcmio, very poor, passed muster among the refugees of 1680with his wife and six children. In 1681he declared that he was married and thirty-eight years of age? This might be the man whom Pedro de Chaves 11 paid to go as his substitute in an Indian cam paign. Pascual’s wife was Maria Romero, known as “Cota, la Naranjo,” and residing in Guada lupe del Paso in 1706.“For this family did not return with the Reconquest. Two known children were: Juan, who married Francisca Dominguez at Guadalupe del Paso in 1698; and Antonia, who married Asencio Pacheco Pérez in 1692.’ Bartolomé Naranjo and the Naranjo boys, Francisco Lorenzo and Juan Lorenzo, part Indians, or else full-blooded Pueblo Indians who had adopted Spanish ways, lived with Oﬂute, ."'.°‘."":‘*E-"E°E“ p. 219-1. R:-vnlt. II, p. 266. First Exp:-clltlml. p. 237. Rlwnlt. II, p. 230. lbld.. I. p. 158; II, p. 64. AGN. !\[ex., Inq., t. 733. M. 299-300. DM, 1692, No. 1; 1698. No. 13. NIETO JOSE NIETO and his younger brother JUAN (also called Juan de Leyva) appear all of a sudden in the Salinas area after the mid dle of the century. In some way, they be longed to the Garcia Holgado clan. In 1662, Jose Nieto, Francisco Garcia, and Pedro de [80] * Leyva, were mentioned together as “todos cufLados.”‘ In 1661 Jose was referred to as a forty-five-year old captain residing at the Salinas settlements, but a native of Santa Fe. His wife was Lucia Lopez dc Gracia.’ They had a ten-year-old son in 1668, called Fran ‘I’ II E cm-oGarcia Nicto. Fray Juan Bernal spoke highly of the character of Joso and his wife.“ In the Indian Rebellion of 1680, Jose Nieto, his wife, and two daughters were massacred. A Tano Indian of the same name, who had beenreared in the Nieto home, later testified how the Galisteos, who killed the Padres of Galisteo,also slaughtered his master and his mistresses: Lucia (Nieto’s wife), Maria, and 'Juana (their daughters) .4 FrcmciscoGarcia Nieto somehow escaped being killed with his parents and sisters at Galisteo. He reported that the enemy had killedhis father, mother, two sisters, a sister in-law,and four nephews and nieces.5 In this he was partly wrong, for the sister—in-law (Petrona Pacheco) and her children were ta ken captive instead, to be rescued in 1692. In Cristobal Nielo, another son of Jose Nieto, also was away when the Indians fell on the colonists. In passing muster he declared him self to be a widower, twenty-nine years 01 age; and was described as being of medium height, slender, with an aquiline face, slight beard, and a scar on the right eyelid? Twelve years later, Roque de Madrid found Cristobal Nieto’s wife, Petrona (Pacheco), with five daughters and a son, an increase of three since her captivity, Her husband was residing in Sonora at this time, 1692.3 Joined again with his family, he came back to Santa Fe with the Reconquest. 1. AGN, l\lex., Inq.. t. 512. 1. 156. 5. 6. 4. Revolt, I. pp. 15. 24-25, 97. C 1': N '1‘ U l! Y 1681 Francisco passed muster, saying that he was twenty-six years old, single, and a native of New Mexico; he was described as robust, of medium height, bcardless and pockmarked, and having black hair.‘ 2. 3. 111111..Tlerrns, t. 3268, p. 635. 112141.,Man,’ Inq., t. 666. ft. 374—380; t. 608. ff. 433-434. S I‘) V 1-: N '1‘ 1«: F. N '1‘ 11 , . 7: Ihld., I, p. 147; II. p. 120. Expedition, pp. 143-144, 814; Doc. Hist. de Mex.. p. 8i27Flrst . NUNEZ BELLIDO (See Rodriguez Bellido) OLGUIN (Lopez Holguin) JUAN LOPEZ HOLGUIN, Alférez, son of Juan Lopez Villasana and a native of Fuente Ovejuna in Estrerriadura, came to New Mex ico in 1600. He was of good stature, black bearded, with a mark on the left’ eye, and forty years old.‘ His wife, who came with him, was Catalina de Viltanueva, In 1626 he gavehis age as sixty-four, saying that he was a “founder of the Kingdom.” His children were: Cristobal, who married Melchorade Carvajal; Isabel, wife of Juan de Vitoria Carvajal; and Simon de Abendafzo, who married Maria Ortiz Baca. Cristobal Holguin was fifty years old in 1667,a native of Santa Fe residing in the Is leta jurisdiction. He was well spoken of by the Padres. His wife was Melchora de Corva jal, and they had a son, Salvador.‘ Iuun Holguin was referred to briefly with Cristobal in 1668.Perhaps he was his brother, if not a son.‘ This was very likely the Juan Lopez Holguin who passed muster in 1680; he was married, and had one son and four servants." But .he does not appear the next year or afterwards, hence might have died. [8121 —---1IIIIIIIIIIIIII-I--u-IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Iuan Lopez Holguin, “the Younger,” age twenty-four and single in 1681,“must have been the one son of the elder Juan. He later married Maria Martin, daughter of Captain Pedro Martin Serrano de Salazar; but he died prior to 1692, when his widow, twenty-five, married a Tomas de Bcjarano at Socorro del Paso.’ Salvador Holguin, captain, the son of Cris tobal Holguin, escaped the Indian Revolt in Oﬂnte, p. 205. AGN, Mcx., Inq., t. 356, f. 303v.’ Ibld., t. 608, 1!. 437-444; t. 666, I. 374. S“:"S*’$°!" 1680with his wife, nine children, and ten scr vants.“ He was forty—four in 1681, when he was described as a native of New Mexico, married, very dark and pockmarked, with straight coarse hair. He took an active part in the Otermin campaign of that year.” His wife was Magdalena Fresqut. They had a son, Juan, who ran away from the refugee colony in 1682;” however, this Juan and his family appear in New Mexico after the Re conquest. Ibld., II, p. 77. D31, 1692. No. 4. Revolt, I, p. 1'40. Ib|d., II. PD. 99, 193. 319. 331-332. 391. 0. BNM, leg. 2, pt. 3, t. 284. Ibld mmlu, 1, p. 148. "‘S9?°.'~'.°‘ CHJVERA JUAN DE OLIVERA, or Olvera, was a res ident of Santa Fe who was allegedly hanged by order of Governor Eulate (1618-1625) for giving too much attention to church work.‘ Francisco deiOZivera lived in Santa Fe in 1642and was thirty—six years old at the time. He was sent to New Vizcaya to have the mur 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 356, I. 278v. derer of Governor Rosas intercepted by the Governor at Parral.’ This is the first and last time he appears in any record, and the Oli Vera name as well. He could have been a son of Juan, or both could have been the natural children of Ysabel de Olvera, a free mulatto woman who came with Oﬁate’s people of 1600. 2. Ortiz Trial, 1. 1. ORTEGA FRANCISCO DE ORTEGA, a native of Za catecas, was a fifty-three-year-old captain re siding in the Sandia district in 1667.His wife was Isabel de Zamora.‘ During the Otermin campaign of 1681 reference is made to his house near Sandia Pueblo. However, he must have died before the Indian Rebellion.” Tiburcio de Ortega appears among the 1680 refugees more as a clerk than a military man. He was married, having his wife, son, and [32] daughter with him, as well as his mother, some brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces, and servants.“ In 1681 he was de scribed as a native of New Mexico, twenty six or twenty-seven years of age, swarthy, with a good physique and curly hair.‘ He was very like the eldest son of Francisco de Or tega. Pablo de Ortega was a captain who passed muster in 1680 with his wife and six small L_____‘IIIIIII.......u-uuI-IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIHHNCI THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY children. The following year a “Pedro” de Ortega passed muster, which is very likely a mistake for “Pablo,” or vice versa.“ Juan de Ortega was in the soldier—escortof 1658,“ and 1‘()7)zdsdc Ortega was in New Mex ico in 1639.7They were most likely transients. 1. AGN. Mex., Inq., t. 608, f. 390; t. 666. ft. 540-548: L 507. 2. Revolt, II. p. 341. 3. Ibld., I, pp. 37 ct scq.. 147. lbld.. II, pp. 77. 97. Ihldu 1. pp. 69, 141: II, p. 194. pt. 6, I. 68. *1-"‘SJ‘?' Am, Conmd., leg. 749, Data. B-II, III, p. 52. ORTIZ Nicolés Ortiz, a native of Zacatecas, was a sixteen-year-old soldier who came to New Mexico around the year 1634.1 He gave his age as twenty-four in 1642. He had married Maria de Bustillo, niece of Antonio Baca, whomhe accused of infidelity with Governor Rosaswhile he was away with the Santa Fe Mexico City wagon-train. Nicolas murdered the Governor on January 25, 1642. After be ing tried and acquitted in Santa Fe, he was sent to Mexico City for a final verdict; ar rested on the way by the Governor of Nueva Vizcaya, he was re—tried and sentenced to hang. However, he escaped from prison and was not heard of again? It seems as though he had no children by Maria de Bustillo, yet one single witness at his trial does refer once to their children.” * * * * * * * * Some women who bore the name “Ortiz” in this century belonged to the Baca family, thus carrying on the name of the first Baca’s wife, Ana Ortiz. Still, one or more of these could have been Maria de Busti1lo’s children by her husband—or even by Governor Rosas, for she was visibly pregnant when Ortiz re turned from Mexico City in 1642. 1. AGN. M:-x., Inq., t. 380, ff. 238-245. 2. Cf. Ch. and State, pp. 155-163; Ortlz Trial, ff. 1-81. 3. Ortlz Trial, 1. 49v. PACHECO LUIS PACHECO was a soldier of Santa Fe in 1632,and forty years of age.‘ A Luis Pa checoand a Vicente Pacheco were in the sol daughter, apparently, was Ana, wife of Juan Garcia Holgado.’ dier-escort of 1636.2On December 28, 1639, the Alonso Pacheco, captain, lived in New Mex ico prior to 1668. His widow, Lucia Montoya», a native of Santa Fe, died at the age of thirty or so in February, 1669.3An orphan daughter of theirs, Juana, escaped the 1680 massacre with relatives and married Juan Moro, an Isleta Tigua, at Guadalupe del Paso in 1683;” widowed, she there married a Cristobal Puga of Queretaro in 1702.” Another daughter seems to have been an Ana Maria Pacheco, also known as Ana Maria Jvzontoya,who married Nicolas Marquez, and later became the wife of Diego Arias de Qui rés in 1694.“ soldiers Luis Pacheco and Juan de Estrada werekilled with,Fray Pedro Miranda by the TaosIndians? It seems to be the same Luis in every instance; Vicente is not heard of again. GERONIMO PACHECO was a soldier re ported in 1628as having taken part in certain Pagan games at San Juan Pueblo. He denied the charges.‘ In 1631 he declared that he was lWe“tY~fiveyears old. His wife was Francisco Cadimo,twenty.“ He was the father of Juan Pacheco and Maria Pacheco, the latter the mother of Roque de Madrid’s wife.‘ Another E33} 6 ORIGINS 01" NEW Ml'3Xl(?() I"/\MlLll'2S What relationship existed between Alonso and the foregoing Pachecos is hard to say. Iuctn Pacheco was a son of Geronimo. He escaped in 1680 with his wife, three small children, and one servant.” In 1681he passed muster as a native of New Mexico, married, and thirty—sixyears of age, and was described as tall and slim, dark, with an aquiline face, black hair and beard.” His wife was Antonia de Arratia. Two of their children were Silvestre and Josefa-, whose husband, José Baca, was killed by her brother Silvestre in 1687.” The entire family returned to Santa ,Fe in 1693. Fr(mci.s'co Pacheco is the second male of this name in the Revolt lists. Ilc declared in 1681,when he made his appearance at Guad alupe del Paso, that he had just arrived from San Jose del Parral, where he had been liv ing'for a long time. He was forty-six years old and married.” In 1682 he received per mission to leave the refugee colony and re turn south.” In 1692,an Asencio Pacheco Pérez, a native of San Jose del Parral, the son of Francisco Pacheco and Catalina de la Concepcion, both dead, married Pascuala Naranjo at Guadalupe del Paso.” AGN, MI-x.. Inq., t. 304, f. 181. 10. 11. 1'2. 13. 14. 15. 15. 17. A01, Contnd.. leg. 73}. Data. .‘°?“.“.°‘5":“.°’!°!‘ Mls.-:|on Monuments p. 89. AGN. lac. elt., f. 190. lbld., L 372, exp. 19. II. 13-15. Sp. Arch.. I, No. 486. AGN, Inc. clt., t. 608, I. 427. Ibld., t. 583, I. 316. DM, 1683, No. 2. lbId., 1702, No. 2. lhid.. 1694, No. 32. Revolt, I, p. 147. Ibld.. II, pp. 70, 116. Sp. Arch., II, No. 45. Revolt, II, p. 70. BNM, leg. 2. pt. 3, 1!. 354-357. Dbl, 1692. No. 1. PADILLA JOSE DE PADILLA had been living in “New Mexico” for more than twelve years when the Pueblos rebelled in 1680.He passed ' muster then as a captain, with his wife, five children, and six servants, and signed one declaration as “José de Padilla Villaseﬂor.”‘ In 1681he declared himself to be thirty-four years old, a native of Querétaro, and married in New Mexico. He was briefly described as having a robust medium stature? Some years before, he had gone on a campaign as a sub stitute for Pedro de Chaves II; he said that he had twelve yehrs’ experience as Alcalde May or “on the frontier.” This means, very likely, that he had not always lived in New Mexico Proper, but in the frontier district of Guada lupe del Paso, , In 1683 he left the exile colony with the Smgento Mayor Fernando de Chaves, with 1- Revolt. 1. pp. 139. 171. 3- IbId.. II. pp. 45. 132. 3. Ibldu PD. 163. 327. [84] out permission, to lay a petition of certain colonists before the Viceroy. His wife, Maria Lopez, is mentioned in this connection.‘ Again, in 1689, he journeyed to Mexico City to escort some friars; he took this occasion to demand back-pay, declaring that he was a resident of Guadalupe del Paso, where his wife and children were, and that he had al ready served in New Mexico for twenty years.“ Padilla’s actual place of residence at this time was Seneca del Paso.‘ Not having been a member of the northern New Mexico colony, he did not join the Var gas troops and colonists for the Reconquest, but remained in the Guadalupe del Paso area. However, some of his sons did come up to New Mexico shortly after, perhaps also tak ing part in the Reconquest. 4. IINSI. leg. 2, pt. 3, ft. 267, 291. 5. AGN, Men. Inq.. t. 680, I. 104; Ibld., Prov. ln|., t. 35. pp. 163-166. 6. DM, 1699. No. 9. -——-1I.u---------uuuIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IN THE snvi-:N'rn1«:N'rI1 CENTURY PAREDES ALVARO DE PAREDES was an Alférez, twenty-two years of age, residing in New Mexico in 1662. He was born in Mexico City. In New Mexico he had married Damiano Do minguez de Mendoza. Alvaro was killed by lightning in June or July, 1662. His brother ‘ was Fray J osé de Paredes, a Franciscan mis sionaryin New Mexico at this time} This friar was the son of Don Esteban de Paredes and Dona Beatriz Cortés, the latter a native of the City of Mexico.’ (A high-born lady according to her title, she was very like ly descended from Hernén Cortés.) Gonzalo ndeParedes, captain, was with the Leyva escort party at Guadalupe del Paso 1. AGN. Mex.. Inq., t. 512, 1. 176. 2. Barmroft, Mex. Mom. No. 218, 1. 122v. when the Indians rebelled in 1680. He later passed muster with his wife and five small children. In the following year, claiming to be sick, he refused the salary of a soldier or settler.“ If he did not die, he most likely went to New Spain with his relatives of the Do minguez clan. A Francisco de Paredes deserted the refu gee colony and left for New Spain.‘ Perhaps “Gonzalo” was meant, or else he was a bro ther. Maria de Paredes, wife of Felipe de Mon toya, both natives of New Mexico, was in all likelihood a daughter of Alvaro de Paredes and sister of Gonzalo. 3. 4. Revolt, I, pp. 36. 44, 139-140; II, p. 152. BNM. leg. 2, pt. 3, 1!. 267-268. PAR RA 6 Juan de la.Parra lived in New Mexico prior to 1639. His widow, Maria. Gonzdlez, a resi dent of the Rio Abajo, married a Juan Bau tista Saragoza in 1654.1 Pascual Cobos de la Parra escaped in 1680 with a family of nine, wife, mother, brethren, nephews and nieces. The next year he passed muster as a native of New Mexico, married, and twenty-six years old; he was of medium height, swarthy, with curly hair, blue eyes, and a sparse beard.’ I Gregorio Cobos de la P-arm appeared at Guadalupe del Paso in 1681, having arrived ——-—____. 1- MIN» Mex.. Inq.. t. 571, exp. 8. 9- Revolt. I. p. 158; n, p. 133. from Parral where he had been living for many years. He was forty, a native of New Mexico but a citizen of Parral, where he had married. He was tall, slim and dark, with black eyes and partly gray hair. Sometime la ter he took part in the Otermin campaign, the only ex-New Mexican who volunteered.’ Manuel de la Parra and Maria Brito, both deceased by 1698, had a daughter, Tomasa, who returned with the Reconq-uest and be came the wife of Marcos de Armijo.‘ Antonio de la Parra was living at Casas Grandes in 1681.5 3. Ibld., II, pp. 73, 142. 156. 4. DM. 1698, No. 12; Sp. Arch., 1, No. 731. 5. Revolt. II, p. 31. {$1 '1 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES PEDRAZA JUAN DE PEDRAZA, thirty years old, the son of Alonso Gonzalez and a native of Car taya, came with the Oﬁate forces of 1598.He was dark and tall, with a black beard and a wound above the left eye.‘ It is not known who his wife was; two Pedraza women, Bea triz and Isabel, were in all likelihood his daughters. 1. Oﬁnk, p. 195. Beatriz dc Pcdraza was twenty-six in 1631 and the wife of Captain Tomas de Albizu. Isabel de Pedraza, twenty—five,was married to Matias Romero. She was a cousin of Maria de Archuleta, widow of Captain Juan Mar quez.” From this marriage came the “Romero de Pedraza” branch of the original Bartolo mé de Romero family. 2- AGN- Mex.. Inq., t. 372, 2'1. 14. 18. PERALTA MANUEL DE PERALTA was in the sol dier escort of 1641.‘ In 1643 he was con demned to death for sedition, but was not among the eight captains executed.’ Evident ly he fled from New Mexico and never re turned. Francisco de Pe-ralta, nineteen years of age, appeared as a witness at Sandia in 1654.3He could have been a son of Manuel de Peralta. And:-és de Pemlta, an Alférez in 1661, was the son-in-law of Captain Diego de Santa Cruz, deceased, and Gregoria Archu1eta_ His wife's name was Isabel de Santa Cruz.‘ He was present at the dedication of the Guada lupe del Paso Mission in 1668.5He was pre sumably closely related to the foregoing Pe raltas, but the exact link cannot be found. 1. 2. 3. 4. And he was most likely the Sargento Mayor Andrés de Peralta killed by the Indians with the Padres and four soldiers at Santo Do mingo in 1680.“ However, the slain officer’s widow was a Maria de la Escallada.’ If the same man, this was his second wife; or else she was married to a son of his having the same name. Maria’s sister, Juana de la Escallada, was the widow of Manuel de Peralta.“ This man, a brother or son of Andrés, was very likely one of the four soldiers massacred with him at Santo Domingo. Or it could be that Sargento Mayor Andrés had two married sons, Andrés and Manuel, both soldiers, and all were killed together at Santo Domingo. Regina Peralta was the wife of Cristobal de Apodaca, and both were dead by 1707.9 AG]. 0onta.d., leg. 735, Data. Twit. Coll., No. 280: Ortiz Trial, 1. 6v. AGN. Mex” Inq., t. 571. exp. 8. fl. 227-229. lbId.. Tie , t. 3%8, p. 298. Ocnrnnzn, p. 69. R4-volt. I. pp. 11. 66. 97. I).\I. 1682. No. 4. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 155]. ff. 3'56-378. S99“."9‘.”‘ 1).“. 1707, NO. 2. PEREA JUAN DE PEREA, fifty years old and sin gle (perhaps a widower), joined Otermin’s .troops as a soldier in 1681 at Guadalupe del Paso.‘ Presumably, he was a resident of that [85] area, and not a colonist of New Mexico pro per at the time the Indians rebelled. Juan de Perea, eighteen and single, passed muster in 1681with his mother and brethren. 5 THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY He was slender and swarthy with thick straight hair.’ Apparently these people were alsoresidents of Guadalupe del Paso, not be ing listed among the refugees from the north in the preceding year. This appears to be the same Juan de Perea, married, who came to New Mexico with the Vargas colonists in 1693,being then twenty-four or twenty-five years of age} 1. Revolt, II, p. 62. 2. Ibld.. up. 107-108« 3. DM, 1681, No. 1: 1690, No. 1; 1694. Nos. 22, 27. Cristobal «doPcrea, probably Juan's brother, offered himself as a recruit in 1681. He was twenty-six and single.‘ Esteban ~dePerecz was an interpreter re ferred to in 1689 as a “feligrés natural” of Corpus Christi de Ysleta.“ His wife was Fran cisca Garcia, and a son of theirs married in Santa Fe after the Reconquest.“ .°’S'J':“ Revolt, II, p. 78. AGN, Mcx., Inq.. t. 680, f. 105. DM, 1711, No. 5. APEREZ GASPARPEREZ, armorer, arrived in San ta Fe on September 17, 1619.1By 1641 he was a captainwhen he declared that he was Flem ish and a native of Brussels.’ He made his last will in Santa Fe, April 26, 1646, leaving all his possessions to his only son and heir, DiegoPérez Romero. Gaspar died on May 21.‘ His widow was Maria Romero, daughter of Bartolomé Romero and Luisa Robledo. 1. AG], O0ntad., leg. 725, Data. 2. Ibld., leg. 926, Data, Their son, Diego Romero, by which name he went afterwards, was deeply involved in matters of the Inquisition. Forbidden to re turn to New Mexico, he wrote his wife to join him in New Spain, and to marry off his sis ter to an Alonso Lucero.‘ Diego’s wife was Catalina de Zamora, daughter of Pedro Lu cero de Godoy, who apparently did not heed her husband’s wishes, as she appears among the refugees of 1680with four grown nieces.” 3. Ibld., legs. 745, 755, Data. 4. AGN, Mex.. 1nq., t. 512, ft. 179-181. 5. Revolt, I, p. 151. PEREZ de BUSTILLO JUAN PEREZ DE BUSTILLO, forty years old, the son of Simon Pérez and a native of MexicoCity, was an Oﬁate soldier of 1598.He was small of stature, gray-bearded, having a wart on the left side of the face} With him Camehis wife, two sons, and seven daugh t§I‘S.’One son, Simon, was also listed as a sol dier, as described later. , Juan’s wife was Maria de la Cruz, and both Werestill living, it seems, in 1626.”Their two Sonswere Simon and Diego, the latter having adopted the surname of “Santa Cruz.” Four of the daughters accounted for were: Ana, ﬁfty in 1631,the wife of Asencio de Arechu leta; Yumar, forty in 1631,married to Antonio Baca; Beatriz, thirty-eight in 1631, wife of Hernando de Hinojos; and Catalina, married to Alonso Varela.‘ Simon Pérez de Bustillo (the plural, Bastil los, became common later in the century) was already a twenty-two-year-old soldier in 1598, when he was described as the son of Juan Pérez de Bustillo, a native of Mexico City, of medium height, dark and freckled, with a sparse beard.‘ However, when declar ing himself an “old colonist” in 1626, Simon said that he had been born in Zacatecasf’ In [37] O 1F_____________________—————————————————————::IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES 1623the Governor sent him, now a captain, to give an account of state affairs in New Mex ico before the Viceroy.’ His wife, from a comparison of family charts, was Juana de Zamora, sister of Anto nio Baca,” They had a son, Nicolas, evidently adopted. Three daughters were: Maria, wife of Nicolas Ortiz, who slew Governor Rosas because of her; Juliana, married to Blas de Miranda; and Catalina, wife of Pedro Mar quez. Diego Pérez de Bustillo is treated as Diego de Santa Cruz. 1. Oﬁatc. Nicolérs Pérez do Buslillo, adopted son of Si mon, played a brief and tragic political role. Involved in the murder of Governor Rosas, he was one of the men beheaded in 1643; among these were his double-uncle, Antonio Baca, and his close cousins, Juan de Archu leta, Diego Marquez, and Juan Ruiz de Hine jos.” Nicolés was a mestizo, a natural son of one of Simon’s sisters or his own. In 1642 he declared that he was related to Nicolas Or tiz’s wife “on her father’s side.”‘° There were no people of this name left in New Mexico when the Pueblos rebelled in 1680. DD. 188-189. 2. AGI, Pntronato, leg. 22, pt. 5, f. 726. 3. AGN, Mex., Inq., L 356, I. 268v. t. 356. 11. 266-269; 1.. 363, f. 13: t. 372, it. 15-18; t. 4. 380.Ibld.. ft. 253-254. 5. Oﬁatep loc. cit. 256. pt AGN, loo. cIt., t. 356. t. 268v: also. AGI. Men. And” 182 1 7. AG]. Contnd., leg. 725. Data. 8. BNM, leg. 1. pt. 1, pp. 470-504; see Barn and Montoya about his wife’s Identity. 9. Ch. and State, p. 175. 10. Orux Trial, tr. 4, 56. PEREZ GRANILLO FRANCISCO PEREZ GRANILLO appears as early as 1617 in the capacity of clerk of the colonial government.‘ In 1626 he was a captain; with another captain, Tomas de Al bizu, he was reprehended by Governor Eulate for singing in the Santa Fe church choir.’ His wife’s name is not known, but a daughter of his had married Captain Bartolorné Romero II in the early part of the century. Two prominent Granillo men of the next genera tion, Francisco and Alonso, were in all likeli hood his sons. Francisco Pérez Granillo II and his brother Alonso were in charge of the wagon-train to and from Mexico City in 1661 and 1664.’ Francisco and his wife, Sebastiana Romero, were dead by 1680, as attested by the mar riage papers of their son, Francisco Antonio.‘ Other sons, most likely, were Luis Pérez Gra nillo and two younger brothers (besides Francisco Antonio) of military age whom Luis presented for muster in 1680.” Alonso Pérez Granillo, Francisco's brother, had an estancia two leagues from Alamillo [33] ‘ Pueblo.“ By 1680he was living in Nueva Viz caya as Alcalde Mayor of the wagon-trains and of the jurisdiction of Janos. He was in structed by the Governor at Parral to prevent New Mexico refugees from passing on south into New Spain.’ Diego Pérez Granillo, who had married his cousin, Juana Romero, and had gone to So nora before 1663, was Alonso’s son if not a younger brother.” Luis Pérez Grcmillo was a Sargento Mayor as well as Alcalde Mayor of the Jémez and Queres Pueblos, and Procurator General of the Kingdom, when the Indians rebelled in 1680.He escaped from Jémez with the friars, minus Fr. Juan de Jesus. His wife and ne phews escaped from Santa Fe with its people under Governor Otermin.” In passing muster he declared that he was married and child less, but had three brothers of military age.” He gave his age as forty in 1681 and took an active part in the Otermin Campaign.“ He was also very active as Maese dc Campo and Lieutenant Governor in the Vargas Expedi tion of 1692,” and returned for the re-sett1e ’.l'IIE SEVENTEENTH ment of New Mexico in the following year. Ilis childless wife was Mugd,-alcna Varcla dc Losada.” As Lieutenant Governor under Var gas, 1692-1695,he was also his mayordomo of the Conquistadora Confraternity.“ Francisco Antonio Granillo, a native of New Mexico, the son of Francisco Pérez Granillo and Sebastiana Romero, both deceased, mar -ried Maria de Albizu on October 6, 1681, at Guadalupe del Paso.” He was, to all appear ances, one of the three brothers presented by Luis Granillo in 1680. It seems as though the childless Luis Gra nillo was the only member of the family who returned to New Mexico. The name contin ued, however, at Guadalupe del Paso and Nueva Vizcaya, Some later marriages there were as follows: Maria, a native of New Mex ico and widow of Juan Lucas, the daughter of Domingo Granillo and Catalina de la Cruz, married Nicolas do Ortega;“‘ Clara, daughter of Ventura Granillo and Maria de la Concep cion, married Pedro Fresqui at Socorro del Paso." * * * * * 3|! I! * Tomcis Perez Granillo, living in New Mex ico after the middle of the century, was a freed slave, half Negro and half Indian. In 1660he said that he was a native of Santa Fe (l) and a driver in the wagon-trains to Mex ico City.“ His wife took an illegitimate child of Governor Manso to Mexico City in 1656. By 1663both Tomas and his wife were resid ing there, at Santa Catalina Martir, but he still journeyed to Santa Fe with the trains.” 10. Ibld.. p. 137. AGI, Contad., leg. 720. Data. .‘°9°.“.°‘5-":"S*‘$°!" CENTURY 11. lhld., AGN, l\lex., lnq., t. 356. 1. 285V. Iluid., t. 587, p. 17; t. 507, p. 265. 1).“, 1681, No. 3. Revolt. I, p. 137. AGN, loc. c|t., t. 58?, p. 17. Revolt, I. p. 185. AGN, Inc. clt. Revolt, I, pp. 56. 63, 66, 80. 11. DD. 34, 340. 12. Flrsl Expetlltlon, p. 118. 13. D31. 1694. No. 1. 17. ll)ld.. 1719. No. 4. 18. AGN, Mcx., lnq., t. 583, I. 278. 19. lbld., t. 507. pp. 39-42; lb|d., pt. 1. ft. 24-48. PERRAMOS (See Ramos) QUINTANA Luis de Quintana, a Sargento Mayor twen ty-four or twenty-five years of age, passed muster in 1680 with his wife and infant daughter. He was a native of Valmaseda, a man of good stature, pockmarked, with a thick beard and very curly hair.‘ His resi dence was at La Canada before the Indian Rebellion.” With Francisco Xavier and Diego Lopez he had become notorious among the Pueblos for his cruelty to the Indians, so that Vargas had to promise the Indians in 1692 that he would not allow these three men to return to New Mexico?‘ The Quintanas of the next century were a different people. 1. Revolt. 2. 3. Sn. Arrh.. I. No. 818. Flnt Expodl-tlon, p. 83. I. p. 139: I1. DD. 35. 106. [89] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES RAMlREZ FRANCISCO RAMIREZ, twenty—four, was among the Oﬁate soldiers of 1598. He was a native of Cartaya, the son of Gomez de Sala zar, described as small and red—bearded,and blind in the left eye.‘ * * * it * * * )0! ALONSO RAMIREZ DE SALAZAR, forty five, was a soldier living in New Mexico in 1631.”He had resided at Isleta with his wife up to the year 1626, if indeed he is the Cap tain Alonso Ramirez de Vargas who had ar rived in New Mexico the previous year with his wife, Juana Ordéﬁez. She had died soon after their arrival? Because of his age, and since he might be the Alonso Ramirez in the soldier escort of 1608,‘he was not a son of the preceding man, He could be the Alonso Ra mirez involved in the murder of Governor Rosas in 1642.5 * =2: * * * * III III * =0! It Oﬁute, p. 195. AGN, Moxl, Inq.. t. 364, f. 189. Ibld., t. 356. ft. 260. 271v. AGI, Conta.d.. legs. 710, 850. Data. Ortiz Trial, ff. 21v, 60V; Twit. COIL, No. 280. Ihld., leg. 926. Data. Oh. and state. DD. 140, 176. 185. { 90 1 * * * * It * It Andrés Ramirez del Prado, dead prior to 1680, had been the husband of Petr-onila de Gamboa. Their son, Antonio Ramirez de Gamboa, married a Luisa de Tapia at Ysleta del Paso in 1685.” This family appears to be * * 1" Francisco Ramirez (de Salazar), a captain thirty—five years of age, and born in New Mexico, was about to move down to Guada lupe del Paso in 1663. His wife was Maria 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. * totally distinct from the Salazar group. * JUAN RAMIREZ DE SALAZAR, an Al férez, was a native of Mexico who arrived with the soldiers escorting the wagon-train of 1641.“He was active in the Rosas and subse quent political affairs between the years 1641 and 1643.’Any of these three pioneers might have been the progenitors of later Ramirez individuals. * Lopez de Gracia.“ Apparently this is the same man who was Alcalde Mayor of Casas Gran d'es in 1680, to whom Father Alvarez wrote concerning the Indian Rebellion in New Mex ico.-"A Francisco Ramirez who died there in 1682” was presumably a different man, for the captain was, to all appearances, the same Captain Francisco Ramirez de Salazar who was Aloalde Mayor of Casas Grandes in 1684 and as late as 1695.“ (Or the latter might have been the son and successor as Alcalde of the former, who actually had died in 1682.) Alonso Ramirez, captain, was with the Leyva escort party at Guadalupe del Paso when the Indians struck in 1680. He later passed muster with his wife and six chil dren,” but he does not appear again. Antonio Ramirez enlisted among the exiled soldiers at Guadalupe del Paso in 1681. He was thirty-six, and a native of Parral in Nu eva Vizcaya. He was married, tall and corpu lent, with a long beardless face, or at least having a scanty beard, and long straight hair.“ 8. AGN. loc. clt., t. 587. pp. 361-362. 386. 454', t. 594, p. 340. 9. R1-volt. I. p. 38; II, pp. 31, 154. ' 10. BNM. leg. 2. pt. 3, 1!. 354-357. 1]. AG], Guadalajara, leg. 151, pt. 6, I. 1; IISNM, No. 2843. 12. DM, 1685, N0. 1. 13. In-volt. I, pp. 35, 141. 14. lbld., II. DD. 135. 140. IN 'l‘l[E SEVEN'l‘EEN'1‘lI CENTURY RAMOS (Perramos) JUAN DE PERRAMOS was a soldier in New Mexico, 1626-1631, who was married to Mariana Lujcin. Their daughter, Maria Ra mos, married her “uncle,” Francisco Lujan.‘ This is most likely the Juan Ramos men . tioned in the escort of the 1616 wagon-train.” The Ramos individuals reporting after the 1680Indian Uprising were the following: Juan Ramos, nineteen years old, married, was described as a native of New Mexico, of good build, with a scanty beard and long straight hair.‘’ Gabriel Ramos, not mentioned in 1680, 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 587. pp. 305-311; L 356, I. 311v. 2. A61, Contad., leg. 718. Data. 3. Revolt, I. p. 22; II, pp. 62, J25. passed muster in 1681 as a native of New Mexicogthirty years of age, and married; he was swarthy, with a curly beard and thick, black, curly hair.‘ Maria Ramos, wife of Domingo de Herrera, was killed at Taos with her family in 1680. '-It * * * * It * * Marcos Ramos, soldier, was killed by the Indians at Santa Clara Pueblo on August 10, 1680.5However, he did not belong to the Ra mos family of New Mexico, being one of the convicts brought to New Mexico three years before.“ 4. Ibld., II, p. 141. 5. Ibld., I. PD. 9. 10. 6. B-H, III, pp. 317-324. RASCCN’ Don Francisco Rascén was in New Mexico for the Indian Revolt of 1680, when he de clared that he was married, but without chil dren. His name appears twice at San Lorenzo in 1681,when he said that he was thirty—five.‘ He did not return in 1693, but could have founded the prominent family of this name at Guadalupe del Paso. 1. Revolt, I, p. 142; II, pp. 57-58, 35, 197. RIBERA FRANCISCO DE RIBERA, an Alférez in Santa Fe in 1636, presumably born outside New Mexico, was the son of Juan de Ribera and Maria Pérez. Having lost his wife, Mel chora de Escarramén, he asked to marry a widow by the name of Maria de los Angeles, twenty-seven, whose husband had been Gas par de Arratiaf’ In 1636 Captain Pedro Lu cero de Godoy testified that he had known Ribera for twenty years,’ suggesting the pos sibility of their having come to New Mexico together. No Ribera people appear in the lists of the 1680 Rebellion. Juan de Ribera, thirty-three years old and married, was residing among the refugee col onists at Ysleta del Paso in 1685.‘He came to New Mexico with them in 1693, and after wards declared that he was a native New Mexican,5 having been born, therefore, in the [91] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Guadalupe del Paso district, He must have been living tlicre when the Rebellion came. His wife was Luisa de Ocanto, and their son, Francisco, married a Juana Romero at Albu querque in 1710.‘ A Juan Gricgo Ribcra is mentioned in 1682,’and possibly is the same man. His mid dle name shows that he belonged in some way to the Gricgo and Gonzalez Bcrnal peo ple. '4. mi. 1685, No. 1. 5. mm., mm, Nos. 15. 31. 6; lhld., 1710. No. 10. 1. Oiintc. p. 196. 2, AGN, Mcx., lnq., t. 595, t. 407; t. 363, exp. 19. I. 10. 3. Ibld. 7. BNM, leg. 2. pt. 3, t. 388. RIO, del ALONSO DEL RIO, twenty-eight years old, the son of Esteban Arias and a native of Puerto Real, came with the troops of 1598. He had a good stature and a bright reddish beard.‘ However, it is not known if he re mained or what relationship he bore to suc ceeding generations of this name. “elder and ancient” of that place.“ He had been the mayordomo of the Conquistadora Confraternity from 1685 to 1691, and contin ued remitting his dues to Santa Fe after the Reconquest.’ Iucm del Rio was also a captain in 1680; he was married and had seven small children.“ Diego del Rio de Losa was a twenty-four year-old soldier in Santa Fe in 1632.He was secretary of the Cabildo; in 1624,when thirty three, he witnessed the murder of Governor Rosas.’ People of the next generation who added “de Losada” to their particular sur name might have derived it from him, but there is no positive proof. * * * * * it * * Among the colonists who escaped the mas sacre of 1680were the following individuals: Alonso del Rio, Captain and Regent, was with the Leyva escort party at Guadalupe del Paso when the Pueblos fell on the colo nists. He was married but had no children at this time? He signed up for the Otermin cam paign in 1681, declaring that he was forty years old.‘ His residence had been located at La Caﬁadaf but he did not return to it at the time of the Reconquest. Still living at Guada lupe del Paso in 1709, he was considered an {92} In 1_681he gave his age asythirty-one or thir ty-five, and was described as a native of New Mexico, of a slender and good build, with a large nose, wavy hair, and a black beardf’ He was also an officer of the Confraternity of La Conquistadora in 1693.” His wife was Ana. de Moraga. They had a son, Diego, who married Catalina Cisneros at Guadalupe del Paso in 1699.A daughter, Ma Tia, became the wife of Felipe Duran in 1695; and another, Juliana, married Francisco Maese in 1701.“ This, and their not appearing in New Mexico after the Reconquest, shows that this entire family remained at Guada lupe del Paso. ' Francisco del Rio, eighteen, single, passed muster as a native of New Mexico in 1681.He was very tall, with a long beardless face and long straight hair." Apparently, he was a younger brother of the two preceding men. IN llc m.'u'ried Lmsa Luccro, (lziugliter oi’ l“l‘(lH cisco Lucero dc Godoy, and returned with her family to Santa Fe, where she sued him for maltreatment and non—support in 1695.” Apparently, they had no children. 1. Oﬂuto, p. 196. 2. AGN. IHPV. Inq.. t. 304, f. 185; 13-11, III, p. 57; Ortiz ’I‘rln.l, II. (iv, 32-3-1. 3. 4. 5. 6. Revolt. I, pp. 29, 40. 137. IliId.. II. pp. 48-49, 319. Sn. Arch., I. No. 818. DM, 1705, No. 10; 1709, No. 2. 'I‘ II II: S I-2 V 1-: N '1' [-1 1-: N '1‘ ll (1 I-2 N '1‘ U It Y Domingo del Rio, (i(‘.'l(l before 1680, was married to M(u‘z'.aL'u.jdn.. In 1695, their son, Diego, born in New Mexico but residing at San Lorenzo del Paso, married Isabel Romero of Senecu del Paso.” 7. 01.0. pp. 5. 8, 55-59, 60. 67-68. 3. 'h?\‘lI"«g 1. PP. 119, 1-15. 5). 10. 1112. lli|d., II. pp. 46-47. 120. l)l.C. p. 63!. I'M. 1599. N0. 6: 1695. No. 15; 1701, No. 2. Revolt. II. D. 103. 13. 1),“. 16515. No. 5. 14. lb|d., 1695, No. 17. I{OBLEDO PEDRO ROBLEDO was a sixty-year-old Alférez when he accompanied Ofiate’s troops in 1598.He was a native of Maqueda (near Madrid and'Toledo), the son of Alejo Roble do, of good stature and completely gray.‘ In the muster-roll of 1597he stated that he had been born at the place of El Carmen or “El Carnero,” and had lived in Toledo. With him were his wife and daughters, and five sons.’ The four eldest sons were soldiers already, as described further on. Old Pedro died shortly after the Ofiate colony moved into what is now New Mexico, the first of the colonists to die here. He was buried on Corpus Christi Day, May 21, 1598,’ on the trail east of the Rio del Norte and a great bluff still called “Robledo.” The varied birthplaces of his sons show how much this family had wandered all over New Spain be fore reaching New Mexico. Pedro’s family went on north with the col ony to found San Gabriel. His widow was Catalina Lopez, who had come to America with him from Toledo more than twenty years before.‘ Their sons were Diego, Alonso, Pedro, and Francisco. Their two known daughters were Luisa, already married to Bartolomé Romero, and Francisco, who mar ried Juan de Tapia. ' Francisco Robledo, who survived the peril ous drop at Acoma, was eighteen in 1598, He was born in Valladolid in New Spain.“ Else where, Zamora in New Spain was given as Diego Robledo, twenty-seven in 1598, had been born at Maqueda, his father's place of Origin. He was of good stature and red bearded.5 With his brothers he distinguished “hijos.” It seems as though all the Robledo himself as a soldier, and was still living at San Gabriel in 1607 with his wife, Lucia de Zamora, daughter of Bartolomé Montoya.‘ Nothing more is known about him. Alonso Robledo was twenty-one in 1598.He had been born at Cimapan in New Spain, and was described as having a good build and a scanty beard.’ By 1604he was living at Cuen came in New Spain, at E1 Real de San An tonio de Padua. He was a miner there and had a wife and small son.“ Pedro Robledo II, twenty years old in 1598, had been born at Temazealtepeque in New Spain, and was also described as having a good stature and a scanty beard.” He was killed at Acoma in December, 1598.During a famous battle there, Pedro, with his brother Francisco and other soldiers, were forced to the edge of the Acoma cliff; all jumped down to the desert below, and all survived the fall except Pedro.” his birthplace." The fifth son is not mentioned anywhere; perhaps old Pedro had included his unmar ried daughter, Francisca, among his five [93] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES men eventually left New Mexico, for they are not heard of again, nor is the name passed on through the male line. Their mother, Catalina Lopez, might have left also, as there is evi dence to show that this was her intention.” The two girls, however, remained with their husbands. The family name, assumed by Ana, daughter of Bartolomé Romero and Luisa :*‘?‘E":‘*§-*’!"‘E“ ()i'iM(-. p. 196: AGI, Puirmmto. leg. 22, pt. 5, f. 747. AG], M:-x.. Aud., leg. 25. pt. 1. Doc. Invd., p. 247. AGN, Ms-x., Inq., t. 467, (I. 342-353. Oﬁatc, ioc. cit. AGI. Guadalajara, leg. 28, ft. 342-343. Oﬂate, loc. cit. I-‘tobiedo,survived as Gomez ltobledo when she married Francisco Gomez and bore him a large family. Decades later, in 1663, Francisco Gomez Robledo, great—grandson of old Pedro Roble do and Catalina Lopez, referred to them as his o\vn maternal grandparents, and said that both oi them had returned to Spain.“ 8. A61. inc. cit. Q. Oﬁnio, loo. cit. 10. nmr, p. 114. 11. lliid., p. 196. 12. A01, .\[«~x.. Aud., leg., 25, pt. 1. 13. AGN. Mex., Inq., t. 467, 11. 352-353. 14. lbidu t. 583. ff. 341-346. RODRlGUEZ ALONSO RODRIGUEZ is mentioned in 1642as Rodriguez Cisneros, twenty-three, the son-in-law of Francisco Anaya, and in 1663 as the brother-in-law of Cristobal and Fran cisco de Anaya, together with his wife, Ynez de Anaya, and their daughter Ana-.1An Alon so Rodriguez in the soldier escort of 1658was very likely this same man.‘ The daughter, Ana, was the wife of Captain Ambrosio Séezf‘ * * * # * * * * Only two Rodriguez men appear in the Re volt lists of 1681,none among the refugees of the previous year. Alonso Rodriguez (Rodriguez Varela in one instance) was a native of New Mexico who 1. Ortiz Trial. ft. 21v, 48-50. AGN, Mex. Inq., t. 594, p. 378; t. 587. p. 119; t. 507, pt. 5, I. 601v. 2. AG], Contnd.. leg. 749, Data. had married down in Parral, but returned to Guadalupe del Paso in 1681to enlist as a colo nist. He was forty-two, with a good stature and a swarthy complexion, very thick black beard, a cleft upper lip, and a scar near the right eyes‘ He and his wife, Juana de Valen cia, came with the Reconquest to Santa Fe, where he was known also as Alonso Rodri guez Carcay. Nicolas Rodriguez Rey was a Sargento Mayor in the Otermin campaign of 1681.5He does not seem to belong to the New Mexico colonists, nor is he heard of again. 3. 4. 5. AGN, loo. cit.. t. 608. i. 391. R4-volt. II. pp. 132. 138. ll)|d., pp. 319, 321. 352-353. RoDRiGUEz BELLIDO JUAN RODRiGUEZ BELLIDO was the son of Francisco Nunez and'a native of Xil— braleon in Castilla. He was forty in 1600,and was briefly described as well-bearded with a scar under the left eye.‘ He is perhaps the Juan Rodriguez in the soldier escorts of 1606 and 1609.’ [94] His wife, it seems, was an Isabel, who was involved in some witchcraft dealings in 1607.“ Later their son, Diego, was said to have died as a result of black magic.‘ In 1627 Juan was seventy years old and considered one of the “antiguos pobladorcs.”" Besides Diego, whose name is found carved IN on Inscription Rock, there were two daugh ters. Lucia, twenty in 1631, was married to 1. Oilnlc. p. 204. 2, A01. Coul.:ul.. legs. 710. 72G, Duln. 3. AGN, Mnx.. Inq., t. 467, I. 351. '1‘ II 1; s 1-:v 1-: N '1' 1-: I«:N 'r u l,"i'anci::eo l.uj;'in; Mmiu c E N 'r U It Y was the wife of Francisco Marquez.“ 4. lhl«l., L 30-1. 1'. 189. S. llrlIl.. 1. RBI‘), 1. 26!). G. lhId., t. 372, exp. 15), II. 11-20. RODRIGUEZ de SALAZAR SEBASTIAN RODRIGUEZ DE SALAZAR was a captain, forty-four years of age, living in Santa Fe with his wife in 1626.They had come up from New Spain seven years before. His wife’s name was Luisa Dias.‘ 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., 1. 356, ff. 265-287; after Sebastian's death she must have married Agustin Romero (q.v.) RODRIGUEZ de ZEVALLOS DON JUAN SEVERINO RODRIGUEZ DE ZEBALLOS (Zevalles, Zuballe) was a young gentleman of twenty-two when he was sent to New Mexico with the convicts of 1677. He was sentenced to serve as a soldier without pay for an indefinite period. He had a good physique, a dark complexion, a large fore head, thick eyebrows, and a very large nose. He was born in Sevilla, the son of Captain Clemente Rodriguez.‘ By 1680 he was assistant Alcalde of the Sandia district? From there he escaped the Indian massacre by fleeing south with the Rio Abajo people under the Alcalde and Lieutenant General, Alonso Garcia, who was his [grand] father-in-law.“ When passing muster the following year he declared that he was married and twenty-six years old. Later he was described as a native of Spain, of good stature, “fair” complexion, rather thick lips, and about thirty years of age. His wife was Ana Maria Varela, grand daughter of Alonso Garcia. Their daughter, Ma-TiaLeonor, married Francisco de Valen zuela in 1694.5 B-I-1, 111. pp. 317-324. D31. 1680. No. 1. ."':“S*’!°‘." R4-volt-,I. p. 30: Am, Gundnlnjnrn, Revolt. II. PD. 79. 96. DM, 1691. No. 10. leg. 138, pt. 2. ROMERO BARTOLOME ROMERO came as an Al férez in 1598.He was thirty-five then, the son of Bartolomé Romero and a native of Corral de Almaguer (east of Toledo), of good sta ture, dark, and black-bearded.‘ Already in 1597he is mentioned as married to Lucie L6 Pez (Luisa Lopez Robledo), who came with him and her young family.’ Bartolomé fig ured quite prominently in the Oﬁate annals; he was promoted to captain shortly after the colony arrived in New Mexico.“ His last re corded act was in 1632 when he reported strange rites performed by the Indians in the church of Alameda Pueblo." His children were: Bartolomé II, Matias, Agustin, Ana, wife of Francisco Gomez, and Maria, married to Gaspar Perez. Bartolomé Romero II, captain, was born at San Gabriel and later resided in Santa Fe, ‘[95] [vb Alejo 'Robledo (M an (born, ,_-_1533) pEDRo.afg8:3L%Do _ (Toledo) Catalina Lo-peg LUISA ROBLEDO Bartolomé Romero (Corral de Almwguer) BARTOLOME.‘ROMERO (Coinc, Portugal) Francisco Gémez —— ANA RDBLEDO ROMERO FRANCISCO c;o'maz ROBLEDO (——j— Lopez del Castillo?) _, , ANDRES GOMEEZROBLEDO (natural Sm) ' (Awroxro cdmgz Roguano 9) Juana Lujdn Romero Francisco Go'mez del Castillo UWW5Guine" A t ' G ' ‘ n o1;.x1¢;rcéasvnEfm<:2rE’Cast|llo I Margarita. Luce-ro Julio Archuleta Juan Ferna’ndez de la Pedrern ‘ Franczsca BARTOLOME’ ROZJEJRO Luisa Varela. FRANCISCA Go’MEz ROBLEDO Ignacio Roybal Mm-fa Eybaz Miguel de Archibeque 1\1A'rr'As ROMERO . TA13r'o ROMERO ' Fe;::r1|ldA€1Za;il_Z la Pedrera héiggcgfgloygzila . Juluma Antonia . Angela Vallejo . Awhtbeque Juan Manuel Gaba]do'n Manuelman ' Maria Jgsefa _O;-pf: [Maﬁa Archuma J0-Se’Mafia Quinlan! Pedro Lucero de Godoy Juana Ortzz Baca MARGARITAGo'Mt;z ROBLEDO Jacim Palm Maﬁa Pew” M‘lgue[G ahald0," Gertrudis Chaves Mariano Roybal Loreto Ortiz Veldsquez José Maria Alarf Marta Guadalupe Ribera ._____‘__:: MA'r1'As ROEJERO Isabel ‘*3P”''’‘‘‘'‘ FR/XNCISCA GOIMEZ ROBLEDO Juan Manuel Roybal Maria Josefa Quintana Antonia Chaves MAR121 M-ANUELA ROMERO Jose' I-Iariano Chaves Juana Mano Gabaldzfn Jose’ Enrique Luna Jose’ Chaves I Maria Rita Torres Tonbio Luna Manuehr Montuﬁo Maria Dolores Alarid -—- Desiderio Roybal Encarnacidn Romualdo Ruybal — Monica Gonzalez Luna -—- -7059'Chavcs U Eugenio Cha'\'ez — Nicanora Baca Nicolasu Roybal Fabian Chzivcz Fr. Angélico Chzivez ROBLEDO—ROMERO CHART-——PedroRobledo is the oldest of the Oﬁate colonists who left any descendants, not by his several sons, but through a daughter. Moreover, he and his wife and his son-in-law, Bartolomé Romero, were Manchegos from the same spot in Central Spain around Toledo, the La Mancha country of Don Quixote. Note also “ApostIe" given-names down Romero line, a distinctive feature of this family in the first century. IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY having been a Regent of New Mexico and Alcalde of Santa Fe. His wife was a daughter of Captain Francisco Pérez Granillo, by whom he had two sons and a daughter: Bar tolomé III, living in Santa Fe in 1663;Nicolas, residing at the mines of Sonora; and Juana, wife of Diego Pérez Granillo, also at Sonora. Their father had died around the year 1643.‘ In 1628,then twenty-six years old, Bartolo mé had deposed before Father Benavides that his wife had failed to recover completely be cause of a spell cast on her by the wife of Juan Griego. Her name is not known, except that she was a Pérez Granillo; in 1632 she was at the Mission of Senecfi taking treat ments with her mother and grandmother.“ The name “Bartolomé Lopez Romero” on El Morro could very well belong to this man. Matias Romero, second son of old Bartolo me, and most likely born before his parents reached New Mexico, was Alférez Real and also High Sheriff of Santa Fe in 1631, when he refused to testify against his brother-in law, Gaspar Pérezf His wife was Isabel de Pedraza, cousin of Maria de Archuleta, wife of Juan Marquez. In 1644, he and Juan G6 mez de Luna were accused of trading illicitly with the Plains Indians and making captives for Governor Rosas.’3Matias died in Santa Fe about the year 1648. The descendants of this couple can be identified later on by their use of “de Pedraza” with their Romero name. Bartolomé and Francisco Romero de Pe draza of the next generation were in all prob ability their sons. Agustin Romero, third son of old Bartolomé, was Secretary of War in 1642; he went to New Spain, later returned to Santa Fe, and was buried at the Pueblo of “Santiago.” (The Inquisition scribe very likely meant to write “San Diego.”) All this happened long before 1663.”His wife, in 1642, seems to have been a Luisa Diaz.” * * as: 1: =0! * :0: =0: Bartolomé Romero HI, son of Bartolomé II, Wasan Alcalde of Santa Fe in 1661. His wife was Joscfa dc ATchulcta.“’ In 1669he gave his age as forty—two and his military rank as Sm-gento Mayor. Father Bernal attested to his good character.” Diego Romero, son of Maria Romero and Gaspar Perez. (See Perez.) Pedro Romero gets mention as the husband of Petronila de Salas, but there is no way of connecting him with the other Romeros of his day, except that he was named after one of the Twelve Apostles, as were most members of this family for several generations. In 1680 old Petronila was massacred at Pojoaque with all her children. (See Salas.) Felipe Romero, captain, escaped in 1680with his wife and six sons, one of military age and the rest small, as well as four grown daugh ters.” In 1681he said that he was forty-two years old and married, and was pictured as slender, of good stature, with long straight hair. This time he presented his eldest son, Sebastian.” In 1661Felipe had been accused, along with Bartolomé Gomez Robledo, of killing some cattle that belonged to Alamillo Pueblo.“ He and his wife, Jacinta de Guadalajara y Qui rés, lived near this Pueblo at their hacienda of San Antonio de Sevilleta. She was twenty seven in 1667.” Their eldest son, Sebastian, passed muster in 1681 with his father. He was seventeen, tall and thin, with a long face and somewhat thick lips.” Two known daughters were Juana, who married Antonio Dominguez de Mendoza, and Isabel, wife of Diego del Rio." The last marriage shows that the parents were already dead. The other five sons, small in 1680,and the other two grown daughters, cannot be traced so far. They could be any of the numerous Romeros who returned with the Reconquest, especially those with “apos tolic” names who re-settled the Rio Abajo country. * * * It * 1! =0! * Bartolomé Romero de Pedrazcz was an Adju tant when he escaped from Santa Fe with [97] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Governor Otermin and his people in 1680.” He was referred to in the following year as the Adjutant, not married at the time, a na tive of New Mexico, and forty years old, He was slender, of good stature, having a thick heavy beard and thick wavy hair.” A pre Revolt house at La Canada was mentioned in 1696as that of Bartolomé Romero,“ very pos sibly this man’s, since Romero de Pedraza folk returned to this general area; or it could have belonged to any of the many Bartolomés of the century. It appears, from post-Reconquest data, that his wife was Luisa Varela, and that they had a son, Matias, who married Angela Vallejo, and a daughter, Juana, who became the wife of Juan de Ribera. Francisco Romero de Pedrctzc:was mention ed (without “de Pedraza”) as the assistant Alcalde of Santo Domingo in 1664; he was thirty-two years old and single.“ He escaped in 1680with his wife and four children, and was described the following year as forty-six Oﬁatc, p. 197. AGI, Patronato, leg. 22, No. 3, pt. 5, I. 747. Vlllagra. Canto XVIII. AGN, Mex. Inq.. t. 304. ft. 187-196. lhId., t. 583, ft. 341-346. lb|d., t. 304. 1. 187. Ibld., t. 372, t. 4. . lbld., 1. 18; AC-1, Patronato, leg. 244. Ramo 7, doc. 22, 1: G’) 1. 5°».-9°."F"5":“F*’!"!" 20. 43.-IGN, loc. clt., t. 583, ff. 34-36: Oruz Trial, ft. 11, 12. v. 10. Ibid., 'l‘lerra.s, t. 3268. PD. 85-86. 11. Ibld., Mcx., Inq., t. 666, I. 532. or forty—sevenyears of age, married, a native of New Mexico, and ill at this time with the “fries.” He was slender, with a turned-up nose, and somewhat deaf.“ His wife was Frcmcisca Ramirez de Salazar. This family returned with the Reconquest. * =l= it * * * * * Two Romeros who reported at Guadalupe del Paso in 1681 evidently belonged to this large family of New Mexico, though they can not be placed. Salvador Romero, away at Casas Grandes in 1680,passed muster the next year as a na tive of New Mexico, twenty-one years old and single. He had a good slender build, a long beardless face, and long black hair.” Sometime later he married Maria Lopez de Ocanto, and both returned with the Recon quest. Juan Romero was also a native of New Mexico, twenty-six years old and married. He was of medium height, with red hair and beard, small eyes, and pock-marked." 12. R:-volt. I, p. 150. Ihld., II, pp. 39. 140. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Z. 23. 24. AGN. Tlerrns. loc. clt. Ib|d., Hr-x., Inq.. t. 608. M. 417-427. Revolt, II, pp. 64-65, 104, 198. I).\[, 1681, No. 2: Iltwolt, I. pp. 16, Ihld-1 II. p. 112. Sp. Arch.. I. No. AGN, We-x., Inq.. 1695, No. 17. 18, 119. 818. t. 610. 1'. 99. Revolt, I, pp. 69. 144; II, pp. 75-76, 98. lhld., II, p. 118. lbld., pp. 117. 195. ROMERO (Cadimo) Alonso Romero, not a member of the pre ceding family, was a “criado” at the hacienda of Felipe Romero at Sevilleta. His real name was Alonso Cadimo, and he was nicknamed “Jola.” His wife was Maria de Tapia. All this information is from the year 1665.‘ Alonso himself does not appear in 1680 and 1681, [93] having died before that ti-me, evidently, but his family did return with the Reconquest as Romeros. One son, Diego, married a Maria de San Jose, and a daughter, Maria, became the wife of Juan de Villalpando. 1. AGN. M1-x.. Inq., L 608. I. 427. IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY RUIZ Pedro Ruiz, or Ruiz de los Rios, was in the soldier-escorts of 1608 and 1609.‘ Juan Ruiz appears briefly in 1617as a thir ty—four-year-old soldier, single, who came with the wagon—train of that year.'~’ Cristobal Ruiz, nineteen, was a Santa Fe soldier at Sandia in 1632.Ten years previous ly he had lived as a boy at some estancias in Nueva Vizcayaﬁ * * * * * * 31¢ refugees from New Mexico in 1680 and 1681. Q1'istol)al and Nicoliis Ruiz find mention in Revolt records as residents of Casas Grandes.‘ In 1717,at Guadalupe del Paso, Andrés Ruiz, a soldier of Janos and Casas Grandes, and the son of Nicolas Ruiz and Maria Fontes, mar ried Jacinta Valencia.“ AGI, Contad., legs. 710, 711. Data. AGN. Mnx., Inq., t. 304. 1. 176. * IbId., 1. 196. Revolt. I, p. 186; II. p. 31. No Ruiz people are mentioned among the 5":“?’!°!" DM, 1717. No. 4. RUIZ CACERES JUAN RUIZ CACERES, son of Pedro Ruiz and a native of the Isle of La Palma (Cana ries), came to New Mexico in 1600. He was thirty years old, long-faced and well-beard ed} He was not only a countryman of Juan Lujén, but evidently very closely related, so that later these two names became confused. In 1631Juan was a captain and also High Sheriff, and very active in political affairs? It seems as though his wife was an Isabel Baca, who as a Widow of fifty was cooking for the Padre at Tajique in 1662.Her son-in-law was Antonio de Avalos,3 and Avalos’ wife was a Juana Ruiz Cdceres. Moreover, Juan was closely allied with the Bacas in politics.‘ De cades later he was referred to also as the grandfather of Roque de Madrid, hence an other daughter of his had married Francisco de Madrid, father of Roque. A second Juan Ruiz Cdceres, most likely his son, is mentioned in the soldier escort of 1652.” # an * so: =|='* * * IucmRuiz de Cdceres, twenty-four and sin Oﬂnto, p. 202. AGN, M1-x.. Inq.. t. 372, exp. 19, II. 13-14. lbId.. t. 512, ft. 130. 156. Ch. n.nd State. pp. 32-33. 9’$":“.°’.'~’!‘ ' AGI. Contnd.. leg. 747. Data. Revolt, II, pp. 137, 195. gle, passed muster in 1681as a native of New Mexico. He was described as tall, thin, and dark, with a black beard and wavy hair. Here he accompanied Domingo Lujén in one in stance, and Miguel Lujan in another.“ During the Oterrnin campaign of that year he acted as an interpreter for the Indians of Tesuqueﬂ In 1692Vargas made him a sergeant and sent him as a courier to Parral. Later he also con tinued as official interpreter for the Tanos and Tewas.” In both of the Vargas entradas, 1692 and 1693,he was associated with his bro ther, or brother—in-law, Miguel Lujfm." After the Reconquest he and Miguel Lujan were appointed to inspect the homes at Santa Cruz,” and in 1698 he owned the property that had formerly belonged to Alonso del Rio.“ But nothing is known about his imme diate antecedents, or of his wife and children, if any. A Clara Ruiz Cdceres was a poor widow living at San Lorenzo del Paso with other New Mexicans in 1682.” 7. lbld-nu PW 2113-2:17, 393. S. l-‘lrsl. Exp:-illllml. pp. SI. 90. 131 9, ,u:z~4. llIst., t. 37, r. 73; Rltvll Coll., Box 1, No. 25. rt. 107-103. 10. Sp. Ari-h.. I. No. 818. ll. IMd., N0. 293. 1'2. Ihld., NO. 723. [99] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES , RUIZ de HINOJOS (See Hinojos) smz AMBROSIO SAEZ, a captain residing in the Sandia area, was a native of El Valle de San Bartolomé in Nueva Vizcaya, and a for mer resident of San Felipe de Jesus (Chihua hua). His wife was Ana Rodriguez de Anayia. In 1665he declared that he was twenty-five as having a good build, reddish hair and beard, watery eyes, and a long nose.‘ In 1682 he and a grown son, Agustin, ran away from the refugee colony at Guadalupe del Paso years old, and twenty—nine in 1667.‘His home Agustin Séez was described in 1681 as thir ty-three years old, a native of New Mexico, married, with a good stature, curly hair, light blue eyes, and a fair and ruddy complexion.“ before the Rebellion was at La Canada.” He escaped the 1680massacre with his wife, two sons, and eight smaller children? A Sar gento Mayor at this time, he stated that he was forty-two or forty-four years old, and a native of Nueva Vizcaya, He also presented a son nineteen years of age. He was pictured with their families? 1. AGN, l\lex., Inq., t. 666, ft. 539, 553; t. 608, I. 391; L 610, exp. 7. I. 66v. 2. Sp. Arch., 1. No. 818. 3 . Revolt, I, p. 141. 4 . Ibld.. II. pp. 42-43, 117. 5 . BNM, leg. 2. pt. 3. 6 Revolt, II, pp. 142, 188. SALAS ANTONIO DE SALAS was a step-son of Pedro Lucero de Godoy} Whether he was a child of Pedro’s first wife in New Mexico, Petronila de Zamora (Montoya), or of a for mer wife in New Spain, cannot be ascertain ed. As late as 1663Antonio was referred to as the brother of Catalina (de Zamora) and of Juan Lucero.” In 1639 he was a member of the Cabildo pf Santa Fe.“ He held the emo mienda of Pojoaque Pueblo, where he lived with his wife, Maria de Abendaﬁo, their son Simon S-ala-s,and Maria’s two daughters by her previous invalid marriage to Diego de Vera.‘ Antonio was accused in 1664of having relations with one of these step-daughters, Petronila, and was said to be jealous of her husband, Pedro Romero.‘ Nothing more is known about the son, Simon de Salas. Anto [100] nio was a guard of Governor Rosas when the latter was murdered in 1642;he was twenty five and single.“ The two step-daughters were Maria Ortiz de Vera, or Baca, and Petronila, who used the name of Salas. Women who used the Salas name later on, like the wife and some daugh ters of Andrés Hurtado, most probably owed it to the fact that a grandmother of theirs had been a step-child in the Salas family. Maria Ortiz de Vera had three daughters prior to her marriage with Diego de Montoya. Her sister Petronila was killed at Pojoaque in 1680 with all her children, eight or ten in number, which included three grown sons and some grown daughters, the rest of them young.’ IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY Antonio de Salas himself was the only man of this name in the records of 1680, when as a Sargento Mayor he signed several autos and AGN, Tlerrns. t. 3268. p. 278. Il)ld.. Mex., lnq., t. 596, pt. 2, I. 2155. B-H. III. p. 57. 4, AGN, Tlerrn.-I, loc. clt.; Troubl. Times, pp. -12-43. gave his opinions about the col0ny’s return ing to New Mexico.“ He is not heard of again, having died by 1681or gone to New Spain. 1. 2. 5. Ihld-. Mex-. 1nq.. t. 507. pp. 284-285. 3. 7. 8. Revolt, I. pp. 10, 96. Ibl;l., I, pp. 68. 76. 6. om: Trlnl. rt. 6v, 34-35. SALAZAR FRANCISCO DE SALAZAR first appears in the soldier-escorts of 1625, and then in 1643.‘In 1634, if the same man, he was Pro curator General of New Mexico.” Deeply in volved in the Governor Rosas murder affair, he was beheaded with other officers in 1643. In the 1642trial his full surname was given as Salazar Hachero.-" Bcxrtolomé de Salazar had been Alcalde Mayor of the Zuni and Moqui jurisdiction when he died prior to 1662. His widow was a certain Maria.‘ This woman seems to have belonged to the Martin Serrano and Martin Barba groups of Las Salinas, and so could be the Maria Martin, widow of Bartolomé de Ledesma, thus making Salazar and Ledesma the same man. But this is by no means a cer tainty. A daughter, from descriptions given, was a Juana de Salazar, born at Zuﬁi, who was the wife of Diego Lujan and mother of Se bastian Lujan. A son, perhaps, was an Agus tin de Salazar, who is met at the time of the Reconquest. There were no Salazar individuals, that is, adult males, listed among the refugees of 1680 and 1681,or in the years immediately follow ing. But minor children, not mentioned then, appear as adults in 1693 and after. It is im possible to say with any certainty whether or not they derived their name from these Sala zar people, or from other individuals na-med “Ramirez de Salazar” and “Rodriguez de Salazar.” As explained in other sections, certain wo men of the period using this name were de scendants of the step-daughters of Antonio de Salas; somehow, in many instances they stretched the name to Salazar. 1. A61. Conbad.. 1egs., 729, 738, Data. 2. B-14. III. p. 47. 3. Ch. and State, 1). 175: Ortiz Trlnl. ft. 8, 12 sqq. 4. AGN, Mex., lnq., t. 595, (I. 126-127. 5. DM, 1705, No. 6. SANCHEZ lucm Sénchez Cabello was a twenty-year old convict, sentenced to six years’ military service, who came to New Mexico in 1677.He was the son of Nicolas Sanchez, and was born in Mexico City at San Juan. He had a good Physique, a long face, thick eyebrows, and a scar on the right side of the chin. His name here was given as Juan Gémez Cabello, but the son of Nicolas Sanchez.‘ In 1680he passed muster with a family of six persons, and in the following year was described as a native of Mexico City, having a good stature, a long face and good features, thick eyebrows, and a scar on the right side of the chin? He did not return to New Mexico in 1693 but remained at Guadalupe dcl Paso, where his widow, Maria Lopez Cabello, was living with her family in 1703.Prior to 1680she had owned property in Santa Fe which Vargas gave to a José Lopez, probably her brother.” [101] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES José Sdnchcz, twenty years old, also came with the convicts of 1677. Ile was the son of Nicolas de Olivares, and was born in Mexico City at the Arzobispal. He was of medium height, dark, flat—nosed, with a s-mall fore head and black hair." In 1680he passed mus ter as a convict all alone, and was described again with the addition of scars on his face. He also added “Alejandro” to his last name.“ He fled the colony at San Lorenzo del Paso 1. B-H. III. DD. 317-324. in 1682."Like the foregoing Sanchez, he did not establish a family in New Mexico. JACINTO SANCHEZ (de Ifiigo) gave his ‘age as eighteen in 1681, but he was not de scribed.’ In 1685 he tried to run away from the refugee colony.“ However, he and othei relatives came to New Mexico with the Re conquest to found a large family of this name. 2. Revolt. I. p. 159; II. pp. 81, 101. 5. 6. 4. B-H, loc. on. E 3. p. AI-clI., I, No. 930. Revolt, I. pp. 150-151; II, pp. 136-137, 194. BNM. leg. 2, pt. 3. M. 354-357. . 84. SANCHEZ de MONROY PEDRO SANCHEZ DE MONROY passed muster with Oﬁate’s troops in 1597. With him were his wife and children. Again, in 1598,he passed muster as a native of Mexico City, fifty years old, the son of Hernén Mar tin de Monrroy, of good stature and gray bearded} Whether he stayed in New Mexico or not, it does seem as though a daughter, Juana Sanchez, remained with her husband, Juan de Mondragén. The only man with this surname in 1680 was Sebasticin Sanchez de Monroy, also known as Sebastian Sanchez de Mondragon. (See Mondragén.) 1. AGI, Pat:-onato, leg. 22, pt. 5, ft. 729, 786: Oﬁnte, p. 198. SAN D O VAL Sebastian de Sandoval was an abusive in dividual who was murdered in Santa Fe in 1640, as a result of his open and continuous slanders against local citizens and their wo men. His talk about religious matters had earned him an excommunication, so that the question of his burial also created a public crisis.‘ He was not a native of New Mexico, and he died before establishing himself as a colonist, if he ever intended to do so. The Sandoval people of the next century come from a different source. 1. See Ch. and State, PD. 135-136. SANTA CRUZ DIEGO DE known as the - and Maria de twenty-six in [102] SANTA CRUZ, captain, was son of Juan Pérez de Bustillo la Cruz. He gave his age as 1617, and thirty-five in 1626, when he stated that he had been born in Zacatccas and reared in Santa Fe.‘ Diego was dead by 1661, when it was alleged that he had been allowed to marry his blood-niece, '1‘ II 1-; Gregorio, dc Archulcta, (laughter of his own sister.’ What is more likely, he was not a real son of the Bustillo family, and the Padres, apprised of the secret fact, allowed him to wed a daughter of his adopted sister. Such accusations were often made against the friars, usually when the principals in the case were long dead and gone. Diego had a daughter, Isabel, who married Andrés de Peralta in 1661.3Perhaps a son of his was a Pedro de la Cruz, whose encomien— da of “Cuquina” in Zuﬁi had been confiscated S Iv‘.V 1': N '1‘ 1-: 19 N '1‘ II C E N '1' U R Y by Governor Mendiziibal. Pedro boasted of being the son of a First Conquistador and of having served the King in New Mexico for forty-three years. No one of this name appears at the time of the»Rebellion in 1680, or after. Some “Cruz” people who appear later belong to other groups bearing this simple name, although it is possible that one or the other was de scended from Diego de Santa Cruz. 1. 2. 3. AGN, M:-x., Inq.. 1. 316. 1. 183; t. 356. 1. 297. mm., t. 587. pp. 317-313. Ihld., Tlerras, z. 3268. p. 298. SEDILLO (Cedillo Rico de Rojas) PEDRO DE CEDILLO. was a native of Querétaro who arrived in New Mexico in the second half of the century. By 1680he was a captain living in the Rio Abajo district. He escaped the Indian Rebellion with his fam ily. He gave his age at “about seventy” in 1681,declaring that he had one grown son, twenty years ‘old and ready to serve as a sol dier, and eight other children.‘ His wife was Isabel Lopez de Gracia, and the full family name was “Cedillo Rico de Rojas,” as we learn from the marriages of their children after the Reconquest. 1. Revoit, I, pp. 78, 152; II, pp. 47, 124. SERNA DIEGO DE LA SERNA (or Cierna-) came to Santa Fe before 1626 as an aide to Gov ernor Sotelo} He stayed in New Mexico, en gaging several times in leading soldier-escorts to and from Mexico City.’ As a captain he was involved in the intrigues of the times, and barely escaped execution for‘sedition un der Governor Pacheco in 1643.3 Felipe de la Sema escaped the Indian mas sacre of 1680with his wife and eight children. He was forty in 1681, described as a native of New Mexico, married, of medium height, pockmarked, and having straight hair.‘ In all likelihood he was a son of Diego. His wife was Isabel Lujcin, apparently the mm BNM D“; . _ . * * _ .-_ leg 1. pt. 1, :1. 470 504, AG]. Oontad., legs 73. * * * it * * José de la Serna, not a member of the pre ceding family, had come with the convicts of 1677. He was thirty-one years old, the son of Esteban and a native of Puebla, a man of me dium height, with a long dark face, and a large nose. He was sentenced to two years of military service.“ He was still in New Mexico when the Indians struck three years later,“ but was gone the following year, probably back home since his term was up. 3. 1-’ AGN. Mex.. Inq., t. 356, t. 297. 2. daughter of Juan Ramos and Mariana Lujén. Some of their children were: Cristobal, Gre goria, wife of Lazaro Duran, Antonia, wife of Matias Madrid, and perhaps a Maria, wife of Nicolas Garcia. 4. 5. .6. Ch. and Shite. pp. 12171.176: ’I‘u'll. C:-II., No. 280. lhwpll. I. pp. 141-142. 176; II, pp. 82, 102. B-H, III. DD- 317-324. Revolt, 1, pp. 142-1-13, 176. [103] O ORIGINS 01" NEW MEXICO FAMILIES SISNEROS (Cisneros) DIEGO DE CISNEROS, twenty-four years old, is mentioned in passing in the year 1632.‘ Antonio de Cisneros is the only person of this name who appears with the refugees of Bartolomé de Cisneros and his brother Vi cente were living in the Zuﬁi-Moqui jurisdic tion in 1662.”They might or they might not have been the sons of Diego; anyway, their place of origin is not known. Vicente appears again in the Salinas area in 1668,“but is not heard of again. Bartolomé was supposed to be in Hawikuh guarding the friars, but was absent when the Indians killed Fray Pedro de Avila y Ayala in 1670.‘His wife was Ana Gutiérrez. A son of theirs, Alonso, married Maria Madrid at Guadalupe del Paso in 1690; a daughter, Cat alma, married Diego del Rio at Socorro del Paso in 1699;‘which indicates that this fam ily did not return to New Mexico with the Reconquest. 1680, or rather in 1681, when he passed ‘mus ter as a twenty-one-year—o1d bachelor.“ Since there were no Cisneros refugees in 1680, it 1. AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 304. I. 197. 2. Ibld., t. 595, 1. 125; see Alonso Rodriguez Cisneros as a possible ancestor. 3. Ibld., t. 608, ft. 437-444. seems as though they were all residing at Guadalupe del Paso by that time. Perhaps Antonio was another son of Bartolomé; or else he was the son of Vicente Cisneros of the Salinas country, for he later became Al calde Mayor of Galisteo following the Recon quest.’ (When the Salinas area was aban doned prior-to the Rebellion, some of the Spanish folk moved to the Galisteo Basin.) Antonio’s wife was Josefa Lujcin, and they had three children: Hermenegildo, Felipe Neri, and Juana, who married Juan de San tisteban. 4. Vetancurt, 5. DM, 1690, 6. Revolt, II, 7. DM, 1698, Menologio, p. 109. No. 2; 1699, No. 6. pp. 61. 195. No. 14. SOTO Francisco ole Soto was the real name of a a good talk with him, and he meekly changed his name to Juan Pecaclor.‘ soldier-of-fortune, fifty-eight years old when he came to New Mexico prior to 1626, under it * * =0! * It t It the alias of “Juan Donayre de las Misas.” A Diego de Soto had lived and died in New religious scoffer, he claimed this to be his Mexico, or perhaps in the Guadalupe del Paso real name, saying that his father’s name was district, prior to the Rebellion of 1680. A Francisco Rodriguez de las Misas and his mo daughter, Pascuala, by his wife Gregorio Tru ther’s, Catalina Donayre. His birthplace, he jillo, married Diego Martin in Santa Fe after said, was Pedroche in the province of Cor the Reconquest.” Pascuala later married an doba. However, Fray Alonso Benavides, who Antonio Valdés who, after her death, mar had been a lay sheriff of the Inquisition in ried a Manuela Sanchez.“ the Canary Islands before coming a Francis- . can, recognized him as a Francisco de Soto Pedro de Soto, son of Gabriel dc Soto and who had received a sentence from the Holy Luisa de Albizu, married Francisca Lucero at Office many years previously. The Padre had Guadalupe del Paso in 1715.‘ [1041 IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY Antonio dc Soto, twcnty—fivc, born in Mex ico City at El Rcloj, and the son of Don Diego de Salazar, came with the convicts of 1677.“ 1. AGN, Mt-.x., Inq., t. 356. ff. 293-294, 305. 2. DM, 1694, No. 9. But he must have finished his term, or run away, before 1680, for he is not heard of again. 4. 5. 3. 11-29. Stu. Cruz, Sept. 23, 1737. DM, 1715, No. 5. B-H, III. pp. 317-324. SOSA Miguel de Sosa was with the Leyva escort at Guadalupe del Paso when the Pueblos re belled in 1680.In 1681 he passed muster with a family of seven persons, saying that he was twenty years old, married, and a native of New Mexico. He had a medium stature, a broad nose, large eyes, and black hair and beard.‘ Probably he was born in the Guada lupe del Paso area, which at the time consid ered itself a part of the “Kingdom of New Mexico,” and now wished to join the north ern colony. At any rate, the name vanishes as suddenly as it had appeared. 1. Revolt, I, pp. 37, 149; II, p. 114. SUAZO JUAN BAUTISTA SUAZO was an Alférez living in Santa Fe between the years 1646 and 1658.‘Nothing more is known about him, or about any connection between him and la ter people of this name. Iuan de Suazo passed muster in 1681, say ing he was twenty-five years of age and a na tive of New Mexico (perhaps of Guadalupe del Paso). He had a long face, a slender but goodphysique, no beard, and very thick black hair? His name appears again in the Cruzate 1. AG], Contnd.. legs. 745, 755, Data. muster-roll of 1684.3 Apparently, he is the same Juan de Suazo living at Senecu del Paso, after the Reconquest, who in 1699 said that he was fifty years old.‘ A daughter of his, Beatriz, by his wife Ana Maria Bernal, married Antonio Gonzalez de Escalante at Guadalupe del Paso in 1718.-”A Juan de Suazo testifying about a Santa Fe marriage in 1713 seems to be the same man.“ Maria de Suazo, wife of the Sargento May or Diego Lopez of New Mexico, could well have been Juan’s elder sister. 4. 5. 6. 2- Revolt. II. p. 141. 3- HSNM. No. 2345. DM, 1699, No. 9. DM. 1718, No. 3. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 2. TAP IA JUAN DE TAPIA finds first mention in 1607as the husband of Francisco Robledo, daughter of Pedro Robledo and Catalina L6 Pez.‘Juan Fernandez de Tapia was the name given once when acting as a church notary in 1617.’In 1625 he was an Alférez, and shortly after a captain and encomenderoﬁ A Juan de Tapia, condemned to death for treason in 1643 but not executed,‘ was more likely a son of his. [105] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAl\'lILIl-IS Cristobal de Tapia owned lands two leagues below lsleta Pueblo prior to the Rebellion,“ and he was described in 1681as having a good thickset stature, an aquiline face, and black hair and beard.“ He is the only Tapia among the male refugees. As a Sargento Mayor he was very active in the First Vargas Entry in 1692.’In that year he was the Maryordomo of the Conquistadora Confraternityf’ 1. 2. 3. vldes, 4. AGN, IhId., Ibid., 1634. Francisco de Tapia had been living in New Mexico prior to 1680,but is not found among the refugee colonists. Mentioned as dead in 1685, when a daughter got married, he pre sumably had died before the Rebellion. His wife was Maria de Chaves, and their known children were: Francisco, Luisa, Whomarried Antonio Ramirez de Gamboa in 1685,” and Maria, wife of Miguel Gutiérrez.” Revolt, I, pp. 79-80. 142. lbl(l.. II. PD. 49, 127-128. First Expedition, pp. 60, 73, 183, 254. Mr-x., Inq., t. 467. ft. 342-345. t. 316, I. 177. t. 356, 1. 287; AGI, Contud., leg. 726, Data; Benz» p. 110. Twit. 0oii., No. 280. OLC, DD. 8. 33-69. DM, 1685. No. 1. 0. AGN, loc. cit., t. 735, f. 299. "‘5°9'°."*?‘5J‘ TELLES JIRON JOSE TELLES JIRON had the encomien das of San Felipe and Cochiti in 1661.He was married and had four children} He was liv ing at Senecu in 1667,when he declared that he was thirty—five or thirty-six years of age, and a native of Los Altos de San Jacinto in Cuyoacan. His wife was Catalina Romero.’ In 1680he escaped with the refugees taking his wife, three sons, and four daughters. The next year he stated that he was forty-nine and married? In 1684 his family was among those in dire need at Ysleta del Paso.‘ He and his wife were still living in that area in 1695;" hence they did not return with the Recon quest. The three sons were adults in 1681 and so passed muster: José, Juan, and Rafael. Two known daughters were Maria Zapata, who later married Diego de Medina, and Isabel, who became the wife of Jacinto Sanchez de Inigo. Iosé Telles Iirén II passed muster in 1681 as twenty-six years of age and married.” lucm Telles Iirén reported in 1681, stating that he was married and with dependents, but ready to emulate his father and grand parents as a-soldier; however, he was active with the Dominguez de Mendoza and Pedro de Chaves clans in the black market at So nora.“ Rafael Telles Iirén appeared as a bachelor twenty—one years old in 1681. He was de scribed as a native of New Mexico, of good stature, with a plump face, thick nose, large eyes and a budding mustache. He was ap pointed as an interpreter for the Piros.’ In 1682 he married Mariana Montoya de Es parz-a.“ Made a captain by Vargas in 1692, he was placed in charge of troops and supplies at Halona during the Entry of that year.” In February, 1694, he and his sister, Maria Za pata, were marriage sponsors in Santa Fe, but the following June we find him back at Guadalupe del Paso acting in the same ca pacity with his wife.” Although none of the sons returned to col onize New Mexico with the Reconquest of 1693,the name re-appeared generations later in the Rio Abajo area, and shortened to “Tel les.” The present “Jiron” surname derives from a different family, Jiron de Tejeda. lhld., pp. 152-165. 176. 1~ AGN. Tlormn. t. 3268. pp. 234-250. - 2~ II-l<I.. i\inx.. lnq., t. 603, ii. 423-427. 3. Revolt. I, pp. 78, 144. 4- AGN. Prov. Int., t. 37, pp. 100-104. 5- Revolt. II. p. 35. {me} ll)|tl.. Pl’). 141, 188, 24?. DH. 1681?. N0. 2. :'O. . u--.o:n-4'5 First Exptwlillon, pp. 69. 207, 230. . Dbl, 1694, N09. 11, 17. IN THE SEVENTEENTII CENTURY ,1 TORRES Juan de Torres, a native of Mexico City and the son of Baltasar de Torres, appears in the Oﬁatelists of 1597.‘ (See Luna for Melchor de Luna,son of Baltasar de Morales.) In 1608,the Alférez Juan de Torres and a Melchorde Torres were in the same wagon train escort.” A Melchor Gomez was in the escorts of 1652 and 1655.3 The Torres and Lunapeople (originally Gomez de Torres and Gémezde Luna) were mentioned as kinsfolk a generation later, Were Juan and Melchor brothers,or at least half-brothers, one the an cestor of the Torres folks, the other of the Lunas? FRANCISCO GOMEZ DE TORRES, a cap tain, led the wagon-train escorts in 1619 and 1621.‘He died suddenly in Santa Fe in 1636, when a large quantity of illegal quicksilver wasfound among his effects. He had a house in Santa Fe as well as an estcmcia at La Ca ﬁada.‘ Francisco de Torres and his wife, Sebas tiana de la Cruz, were living at San Lorenzo del Paso in 1681when a daughter, Francisco, married Pedro de Avalos. A Lugarda- Torres married Salvador de Avalos at Guadalupe del Paso in 1718.1” Among the Torres people living in New Mexicowhen the Indians rebelled in 1680,the followingadult males are mentioned: Cristobalde Torres passed muster in 1681as a native of New Mexico, married, and forty yearsof age. He was described as being thick set, of medium height, rather fat, with a crooked nose, black hair, and an awkward gait.“ AG-N. Mex" Aud., leg. 25, pt. 1. Am: ("ntad-I leg., 710, Data. lI"d.. legs. 7:7, 748, Data. lb.d., less. 725. 738, Data: AGN, Mex., Inq., t. 495, f. 103. .°‘$’':‘>!-'‘’.‘‘’!'‘ Francisco de Torres, not mentioned in the refugee rolls because he was a minor at the time, was nineteen years old in 1687,the son of Francisco de Torres and Gabriela Garcia. He married Angela Trujillo at Ysleta del Paso in that year. Both parties and their parents were all natives of New Mexico, and very poor at this time. The Torres were here men tioned as kinsfolk of Diego de Luna and his wife? This family did not return with the Re conquest, at least as a unit, for in 1699 both Angela and Francisco were living at Guada lupe del Paso.‘ Eighty years old, and the wi dow of the soldier Francisco de Torres, An gela was still much alive there in 1745.9 BNM. leg. 1. pt. 1. pp. 470-504. Revolt, II, p. 132. ; * * * # * * it =0! Sebastidn de Torres, who was killed by the Indians at Nambé in August, 1680, together with his wife and child, did not belong to.this New Mexico family. He was a brother of Fray Tomas de Torres, one of the twenty-one Fran ciscans martyred in 1680,who was a native of Mexico City, though given in the Revolt an nals as a native of Teposotlén.“ 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. DM, 1687. No. 1. Ihld., 1699, No. 6. AGN. Mex., Inq., t. 892, ff. 1-10. DM, 1681, No. 1; 1718, No. 12. R4-volt, I. pp. 10. 96, 109; AGN, l\[ex., Inq., t. 608. exp. 6, tr. 418-419: Rosa-Figueroa also makes this correction. TRUJILLO DIEGO DE TRUJILLO first appears in NewMexico as an Alférez and farmer, nine teen 01‘twenty years old, in 1632.‘ He was in the soldier-escort of 1641.” In 1662 he was fifty, a Sargento Mayor, living in the juris diction of Sandia as Lieutenant General for the Rio Abajo area, as well as Alcalde Mayor of Zuﬁi, He then declared that he was born in Mexico City. His wife was Ca-talina Vds quezﬁ [1073 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES In 1661 Grwernor Memli7.;il):1l C()|lllSC(ll.C(l his Zuni alcal(li.a. Tliere are reams telling of his troubles with this Governor, From them we learn that his home was four leagues from Sandia Pueblo, and that his two sons-in-law were Andrés Hurtado and Cristobal Baca." The name of his estancia was “Parajc de las Huertas.” Diego gave his age as forty-eight in 1661.5By 1669 he was a Maese cle Campo and also Syndic of the Franciscans at Sandia. His wife gave her age at this time as forty-eight, and said that she had been born in Santa Fe.“ Diego also served a short term as second Al calcleMayor of Guadalupe del Paso, succeed ing the very first one, Andrés Lopez de Gra cia.’ In 1680 he gave his opinions about the causes and problems of the Indian Rebellion,“ but is not mentioned in the following year. He died at Casas Grandes in 1682.9 He had one son, Francisco, who was married to a daughter of Maria de Vera.” Francisco de Trujillo was the only son of Diego de Trujillo and Catalina Vasquez.“ It is not known which daughter of Maria de Vera, or Baca (step-daughter of Antonio de Salas) he married, but it could have been a Do-r"z.a Lucia de Montoya mentioned in 1663.” (Her mother was the second wife of Diego de Montoya.) This Lucia seems to be the “Doﬁa Luisa de Trujillo” whose hacienda, the pres ent site of Albuquerque, is mentioned in la ter years.” They had a daughter named Bernardina de Salas y ‘Trujillo, wife of Andrés Hurtado, whose older daughters married several prom inent and rolific colonists before and after the Reconquest. Several male Trujillos men tioned at the time of the Rebellion, and after, must have been his children or grandchil dren, there being no other known Trujillo at this period. Iucm de Trujillo was thirty years old and married when he passed muster in 1681.He ‘was tall, with a dark aquiline face and straight hair.“ He and his wife, Elvira San [103] elm’: Jiiru"nc:, I‘L‘l.lll‘ll()(lto New Mexico in 1693. Several other Trujillos also passed muster in 1680 and 1681,but how they were related to Francisco is impossible to say without fur ther data. It seems as though one or two might have been natural sons of old Diego from certain indications. Cristobal Trujillo passed muster in 1680with his wife and twelve other persons.‘-" Among the families in distress at Ysleta del Paso in 1684 were those of Cristobal Trujillo ‘Eel Viejo,” Cristobal Trujillo “el Mozo,” Bartolo mé Trujillo, and Juan Trujillo.“ Old Cristobal’s wife was Maria de Manza nares, or Sandoval. A-mong their children were Jose and Angela, the latter the wife of Francisco de Torres; most likely, too, Cristo bal “the Younger,” and, perhaps, Bartolomé, Mateo, and Juan. A daughter might have been an Antonia who married Nicolas Duran. Cristobal Trujillo H, “el Mozo,” passed mus ter in 1681as a native of New Mexico, thirty years of age, tall, swarthy, and with several facial scars." He and Bartolomé Trujillo were soldiers together at Guadalupe del Paso as late as 1694.” His wife was Micaela de Archuleta. Their sons, Cristobal III and Diego, married Rosa Varela and Maria de Herrera, respectively, at Guadalupe del Paso in 1709,”which indicates that this family did not return to New Mex ico. Their father continued sending up his dues as a devotee of La Conquistadora as late as 1717.” Bartolomé Trujillo reported in 1681 as a na tive of New Mexico, eighteen or twenty years old, and single. He was of medium height, with a round face scarred by smallpox." In 1682 he married Maria de Archuleta, both parties declaring themselves children of “old Christians.”“ In 1693Bartolomé married Pe trona Dominguez.“ Mateo Trujillo passed muster in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, twenty-five or twenty six years of age, and married. He was tall, I N slim, and (lurk, with long blzurk hair. Ilc on listed with two other Trujillos, Juan and the younger Cristobal.“ His wife was Maria AGN, Mrx.. luq.. L 37.2, t. 7. Am, (,‘onlnd.. log. 7596, Hum. AC-N, loc. (‘H-1 L 595, ff. 121-127. lbld., t. 594. n. 358: IbId.. Th-rms. t. 3268. Ihld., M:-x., Inq.. t. 596. pt. 1, I. 12. lhld.. t. (‘y('»f‘>. ft. 552v, ‘.'1(i")v. Ilvl<l.. Prov. lnt., pp. 1152-1137. Ra-volt. 1, pp. 116-118. 9. “NM, leg. '2. pt. 3, t. 354. 10. AGN, Ma-x.. lnq., t. 596, pt. 2, I. 155v: t. 587, I. 51. 9°.*‘.°‘S-":‘-5*’!°:‘ 11. lhld.. ut supra; t. 594, p. 445. 12. Ibld., t. 507, 1. 50. '.l‘ 11 1-: s 1-: v I-I N '1' 1c 1: N '1' ll L? I". N '1‘ U ll Y lit.’ '1'u}>iu.Wl(l()\V of Alonso Romero, who re turned with him and their family to New Mexico in 1693. ‘~'l~""\'0|l- 1» Div. 26-27: Mrs: Expmlltlnn, (hlmlnhginrn, title 26:"):Sp. An-lI., I, No. 297. 14. llvvolt. II. pp. 82, 102, .15. llIld.. I. p. 158. 16. AGN. Prov. lnt.. t. 37, pp. 100-104. 17. Revolt. II, p. 196. pp. 55-70; AGI, 1R. D.\l. 109-1, No. 11. 15). lhI(l.. 1709. Nos. 2. 14. 20, 21. 2?. 2.5. OLC. p. 73. Rt-volt, II. pp. 105. 136. D31. 1682. No. 7. incomplete. lhld., 1693, No. 6, incomplete. 24. Revolt, II. pp. E, 103. 127. 196. VALE N CIA BLAS DE VALENCIA was a soldier in Oﬁate’sforces, twenty years old, with a round face and a light beard} He appears later in Governor Zevallo’s escort to Santa Fe in 1613.’He was most likely the father of Fran ciscode Valencia of the next generation. Francisco de Valencia lived in the Isleta jurisdiction around the middle of the century. About the years 1661 to 1664he declared him self to be from fifty to fifty—fouryears of age, and a native of Santa Fe. He was also Lieu tenant General for the Rio Abajo area at this time, as also Syndic of the Franciscans at Is leta. His wife was Marria Lopez Milldn, nick named “la M-am'cota.”3Francisco was dead by 1668,when his wife is referred to as a wi dow.‘ She was still living in 1684, as will be . seen. Their estancia, referred to in 1680,5was on the site of the present town of Valencia. luan de Valencia, captain, is mentioned briefly in 1660.“He escaped the Pueblo mas sacre of 1680with his six children, all grown, his widowed mother, as well as grandchildren and serVants—a total of forty-six persons.’ He is not mentioned in the lists of 1681,but in 1- AC1. Pntronnto, log. 22, Rama 4. 2> lhld-. Oontndurla, leg. 718, Data. 3' -‘GIN: Mon. Inq., t. 587, pp. 305-314. 3'21. 375-386: t. 507, ms. 722-723; t. 5.12, x. 102, 4- Ibld-. t. 666. r. 406. 5- Revolt. I, p. 27; II, p. 175. 1684he was numbered with the refugee col ony, specifically mentioned with his mother, the widow of the Maese cie Campo Francisco de Valencia.“ In 1692, as assistant Alcalde of Senecu, Ysleta, and Socorro del Paso, he re ceived orders from Vargas to assemble troops for his first Entry into New Mexico.“ Juan’s wife was Juana Martin. All their known "children married at Guadalupe del Paso, even after the Reconquest, hence the conclusion that the family as a whole failed to return in 1693.These children were: Maria, who married J osé de Contreras in 1693; Francisco, married to Leonardo de Avalos in 1699;Antonio, who married Manuela Madrid in 1710;and Jacinta, who became the wife of Andrés Ruiz in 1717.1”The last girl is men tioned as the daughter of Juana Madrid, either a mistake for “Martin” or a second wife of Juan de Valencia. Manuel de Valencia passed muster in 1680, being ill at the time, with his wife and four small children. He was thirty in 1681 and still ailing with a throat ulcer.“ His wife was Angela de Tapia. They had a daughter, Jose fa, who married Francisco Lujén in Santa Fe in 1694.” 6 7. AGN. l0<‘. c|t., L 587, p. 156. R4-volt. I, p. 152. ., AGN. r. . lllllnt... t..51. g. Prov. 37. 1o. l)'.\r!‘.t1}(z‘;Sx1.";,NNoim7:p1699. No. 7; 1710. No. 13; 1711. No. 4. 11. Il.<'\'olt. I. p. 142: II. p. 50. 12. DM. 1694. No. 31. [109] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES VARELA JARAMILLO ALONSO VARELA and his brother Pedro came from Santiago de Compostela to the New World, and up to New Mexico in 1598 with Oﬁate’s troops. The first man founded a family which came to be known as Varela Jaramillo, and the second founded the Varela de Losada family. The two men were specific ally referred to as the Varela brothers in 1613.1 Alonso Varela was described in 1598 as a native of Santiago in Galicia, of good stature, with a chestnut beard, and thirty years old, the son of Pedro Varela.” In 1626he referred to himself as an old settler sixty years of age, with a son, Alonsof‘ His estancia was at La Cienega in 1632, and his wife was Catalina Pérez de Bustillo, sister of Ana de Bustillo.‘ There was a soldier, named Francisco Va. relau,in Santa Fe in 1631,5but it cannot be as certained if he was the son of Alonso or of his brother Pedro. Alonso Varela H is mentioned in 1626 as the adult son of the first Alonso Varela, and again in 1638 as the cousin of Pedro Varela AGN: Mex., Inq., t. 316. f. 152. .U':“S".*°!" Oﬁntc. p. 199. AGN, Inc. clt.. t. 356, I1’. 296V, 303. Ihld.. t. 304. f. 187: t. 372. f. 6. Ibld., t. 372, exp. 19, I. 15. (II). He was a public scribe in 1642.“Nothing more is known about him. Pedro Varela Iuramillo, a captain sixty years of age, escaped the 1680 massacre with his wife and a twenty-year-old son.’ He was the son of Alonso II, if not of the Francisco pre viously mentioned. His wife was Lucia Madrid. He is mention ed as dead in 1692when their son, Juan Va rela Jaramillo, married Isabel de Cedillo.” Another son was Cristobal Vaa-etaJ aramillo.” A Luisa Varela, wife of Bartolomé Romero, might have been a sister to these men. Cristobal Varela:Iaramillo, son of Pedro, was described in 1681 as a native of New Mexico sixteen years old, with a family of mother and brethren; he was of medium build, with a ruddy, plump, and beardless face. Un doubtedly, he was the son, twenty, mentioned by his father as being of military age.” He and his brother Juan, a minor in Rebel lion times, returned to repopulate the Rio Abajo area after the Reconquest. 6. 7. 8. 9. Ihld., t. 385, f. 9; Ortlz 'l‘rln.I, If. 1-80. Revolt, I, p. 79: II. p. 57. ‘DM. 1692. No. 5. BNM. leg. 2, pt. 3. 1!. 354-355. 10. Ibld.; Revolt, II. DD. 57, 115-116. VARELA de LOSADA PEDRO VARELA passed muster in 1598 with his brother Alonso. Pedro was six years .’>’0Unger, twen y-four years of age, and gave the same father and birthplace as Alonso. He had a good stature and a red beard.‘ Nothing more is known about him, save that his son, Pedro Varela II, active in a major campaign in 1638,was referred to as a cousin of Alonso Varela.’ Pedro Vcrrelczde Losada was an Alférez, thllfty-Sixyears old in 1644, and was referred t0 as a native of New Mexico in 1660.3His [1101 wife was Ana Holguin, and they lived in the Sandia district.‘ It was at his estancia, some where in the present site of Albuquerque, that a meeting was held in 1664for founding . an official settlement in the valley of Atris co.“ Captain Pedro was at death's door some time prior to 1667, but it cannot be ascer tained if he died then.“ He and a Juan Varela had been condemned to death for treason in 1643,but escaped execution.’ It is very likely that Lucia Varela de Losada, wife of Fran cisco J urado de Gracia, was his daughter. IN THE IucmVarela do Loscxda vvns forty years old in 1664when residing in the Szmdin area with hiswife,Francisco Madrid, sister of Roque de Madrid.”He was referred to as a captain in 1661,thirty-five years of age.“ He was also Alcalde Mayor of Cochiti, the only Spanish person there.” In 1695, a Juan Varela de Lo sada,resident of Casas Grandes, died there.“ Perhapshe had fled there after altercations with different Governors, hence does not ap pear in the Revolt lists of 1680. * * * * * * * * Persons of this name appearing among the refugees of 1680 are the following: AlonsoVarela de Losadcx,an Alférez, passed muster in 1680 with his wife, five small chil dren,and eight servants.” He is not mention ed in 1681. Diego Varela de Loscxda, married, passed muster in 1680 with two children and five otherpeople, including his mother and breth ren.” In the following year he was pictured as an Alférez thirty years old, tall and fair, beardless, with chestnut hair.“ In 1684 he went with the Dominguez Expedition into the Nueces country, when he was bitten by "a rattlesnake but survived.” In 1692he was the Adjutant General of troops under Vargas; he also conveyed the Governor’s military re ports to the Viceroy.” His wife was Maria Ana Fresqui. The mar riages of his sons, Juan with Maria Maese in 1709,and José with Maria Gallegos in 1710, showthat the parents were living at Guada lupe del Paso, hence this particular family didnot come back home with the Reconquest. I 1. ()I'mte. p. 19$), 7- doc. 16. p. 108. ?°.'~'.°’E-"“ Inc. ('It.. t. 583, 1. 275. t. 507, p. 1322. t. 608. t. 383. Coll., N0. 280. 9 Ann. Ion. m.. with his a native of New Mexico, twenty—six and a widower, having a tall and good build, good features, an aquiline face, thick mustache and chestnut hair, and large eyes.” Eugenio Varela de Losadcr, twenty-eight and single, passed muster with his mother and a family of five persons.” These three men, Diego, Francisco, and Eugenio, seem to have been brothers who report the same mo ther and each other. Pedro Varela de Losada passed muster in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, twenty-five and married, described as having a good sta ture with fair- and good features, a thick chestnut mustache, and heavy eyebrows.“ Residing at San Lorenzo del Paso in 1682,he was referred to as the son-in-law of Sebastian de Herrera and brother-in-law of Nicolas Lu cero," as also a cousin of José de Chaves.” His wife’s name was Juana de Herrera. Iosé LorenzcrnoVarela de Losadcr presented himself in 1681 as a native of New Mexico, twenty years old and single, He had a good build, a plump beardless face, red hair, and a mole on the left side of the face.“ Cristobal Varela de Losada, a native of New Mexico, nineteen years old and single, passed muster in 1681, described as having a good physique, a fair complexion, good features, no beard, and long chestnut hair.“ Ibld t. 385, r. 9. 3. Ihld.. t. 587. pp. 285-286; AGI, Patronnto, - M-N. 1ma.. 1ma.. Twlt. Francisco Varela p:lSSC(l iimster mother and four brethren; the Indians had killed his wife." In 1681he passed muster as 12. Revolt. I, p. 144. I 2- M-‘N. Mx-x.. Inq., Sl*IVl']N'l‘EEN'l‘II CENTURY t. 507. pp. 222-226. - lb|d.. t. 587. pp. 362, 375, 386. ' 10. mm.. t. 507. p. 145. 11‘ AGI. Gllmlnlniurn, leg. 151, pt. 5, t. 1. leg. 244, Ramo 14. lhld-7 II. PD. 85, 103. 15. AGN. Prov. lnt., t. 37. 16. First Expedltlon. pp. 121. 166 17. Rrvnlt. 18. 19. 20. 21, 22, 23. 24. 1. PD~ 40. 140 lhld.. II. pp. 41. 103 lh|d., I, p. 153; II. P. 38. Ih|d.. II. DD. 41. 111. 134. Sp. Arch., I, No. 728. AGN, I\l¢~x., lnq.. L 1551. H. 383-384. Rt-volt, II. pp. 37. 135 lbld.. PD. 138-139. [111] ORIGINS OF NEW M1-Jxlco 1-‘AMILH-zs VASQUEZ FRANCISCO VASQUEZ came in 1598. He was a native of Cartaya, twenty-eight years of age, the son of Alonso Alfrén. He had a good stature and a red beard.‘ He next ap pears in the soldier escort of 1608,”but there is no further information on him. However, the following women could well have been his daughter and grand-daughter: Bernardina Vdsquez, widow of Diego Mar quez, living at the estancia of Los Cerrillos with her daughter Margarita in 1660,played a role in major happenings of her day. (See Geronimo de Carvajal.) Catalina. Vcisquez was the wife of Diego de Trujillo, and most likely a daughter of Ber nardina, from whom her grand-daughter, Bernardina de Salas y Trujillo, got her name. No Vasquez males appear during the rest of this century; a Vicente Vasquez acting as a witness in 1642is not heard of again.“ 1. Oiiate, p. 129. 2. AGI, Contad., leg. 710, Data. 3. Ortiz Trial. t. 25v. VERA DIEGO DE VERA came to Santa Fe some time before 1622, and on January 16 of that year he married Maria de Abendario, daugh ter of Simon de Abendaﬁo and Maria Ortiz (Baca), both deceased. The witnesses were Don Pedro Duran y Chaves and his wife, Isa bel de Bohorquez (Baca), aunt of the bride. Three years later, Fray Alonso Benavides came to Santa Fe as head of the Church in New Mexico, but also representing the Inqui- « sition; as a layman he had been its sheriff in the Canary Islands. Now, Diego de Vera had a wife in Tenerife in the Canaries. The pres ence of Father Benavides finally compelled him to go to the Padre and disclose his biga mous status. When he left New Mexico in 1626,Father Benavides took him along to Mexico City, and there Diego was tried by the Holy Office. But because Benavides pleaded that he had confessed the crime vol untarily, and had been a good encomendero in New Mexico, personally teaching the cate chism to the Indians under him, Diego got off with an easy sentence from the Holy Office. He was to return to his wife in the Canaries and never come back to New Mexico. He *‘‘<—-— 30;. gofgv. Mom. Inq.. L 495, 1!. 89-103; L 356, ff. 267v, 270v. [112] sailed for Europe in the company of good Fr. Benavides. Diego was thirty-three in 1626when he re vealed ‘his bigamy. His Santa Fe wife was mentioned as a grand-daughter of Captain Juan Lopez Holguin. They had two little chil dren, both girls.‘ These were Marta, who be came the wife of Manuel Jorge,2 and then of Diego de Montoya; and Petronila, who mar ried Pedro Romero. After the annulment, their mother married Antonio de Salas. Since Diego de Vera, through his two daughters, became the ancestor of leading New Mexicans in later generations, it is well to give his own genealogy, which came out during his trial. His parents were Pedro de Vera Perdomo and Maria de«Betancur, resi dents of the City of La Laguna on Tenerife. His paternal grandparents were Hernén Mar tin Baena, a native of Jerez de los Caballeros in Estremadura, and Catalina Garcia, native of La Laguna on Tenerife. His maternal grandparents were Antonio Pérez, born on the Canary Island of La Graeiosa, and Cata lina Aponte, native of Garachico on Tene rife.“ 2. This is only a supposition. from charts of related families. 3. See Note 1. IN 'r11r«: S1-:v1~:N'ri-:1«:N'r1I CENTURY XAVIER FRANCISCOXAVIER first appears in the wagon-train escort that brought Governor Mendizzibal to Santa Fe in 1658.‘ In 1661 he said that he was thirty-three years old.” His wife,mentioned in 1663,was Graciana Griego, daughter of Juan Griego.3 In 1680 Francisco was Secretary of Government and War and AlcaldeOrdinario, holding the rank of Maese de Campo. He escaped the Indian massacre with four daughters and two sons, declaring he had lost two mulatto slaves at Picuris.‘ The following year he passed muster as a wi dower, fifty-one or fifty-two years of age, with two sons and three daughters. (One of the girls had married in the meantime.) He was a native of Sevilla in Spain, and was de scribed as having a good build, very gray hair, and the scar of a wound on the left side of the forehead.5 In 1682 Francisco Xavier left Guadalupe del Paso for New Spain, with permission, be ing then in very poor health.“ Permission to leave had been readily granted, for Otermin had promised the Indians the year before that he would never allow Xavier and two other men to return because of their extreme AGE Contnd., leg. 749. Dam. AGN. Mex., Inq., t. 587, pp. 361. 375, 388. E"‘:‘-“?’5°£" cruelty to the Pueblo Indians.’ The Indians made this same request to Vargas in 1692,but by this time the Xavicrs were gone. Iosé Xavier was with the Leyva escort party at Guadalupe del Paso in August, 1680,when the Indians struck. He was referred to as a married man with a small child and two ser vantsf‘ He does not appear again. Francisco XcrvierII signed autos with the el der Francisco in 1680.He was a widower with a child of three or four years, and was de scribed as a captain born in New Mexico, twenty—fiveyears of age, having a good phy sique, front teeth missing, very little hair, and a toe missing from the left foot.” In de parting for New Spain, he left his child with relatives who later brought her back to New Mexico with the Reconquest. She was J osefa Xavier, “orphan and poor,” who married Luis Garcia at Bernalillo in August, 1704.Her mo ther was Juana Francisoa Baca; her father at this date was stationed at the Presidio del Gallo in Nueva Vizcaya.” BNM, leg. 2, pt. 3. f. 357. Revolt. II, pp. 239. 386. Ihld., I. DD. 38. 152. Ibld., I. pp. 8, 16, 18, 119, 152: II. DD. 62, 136. 0. DM, 1704, No. 5. lbldu t. 596, pt. 2. f. 212V. Revolt, I, pp. 98, 13 . Ibld.. II. pp. 34, 94. ““$°9".'~'F‘ XIMENEZ (See Jiménez) ZAM0 RA Diego de Zamora appears in the soldier es cort of 1608; again, or another man of the same name, in that of 1655.‘ Nicolas de Zamora, a native of Mexico City, came with Governor Pacheco in 1641.” Jose’de Zamora was in the escort of 1661.3 This family name, like the Ortiz surname, is used during this century by females of the Baca and Montoya families, perpetuating the name of some pioneer grandparent in the New World——inNew Mexico, that of pioneer grandmothers. However, there is no connec [113] I ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES tion found with any male of this name in New Mexico. The individuals given above were most likely transients, travelling with the wagon-trains to and from Mexico City. Iucm de Zamora is the only adult male of this name in 1681,none passing muster with the refugees of the previous year. He claimed to be a native of New Mexico, married, with 1. A61, OontMl., legs. 850, 748, Dub. 2. Ibld.. leg. 9%. Data. a good stature, a long pockmarked face, blond hair and board.‘ Most likely he was born at Guadalupe del Paso, which at that time was considered part of the Kingdom of New Mex ico, and in 1681 had decided to cast his lot with the exiles from the north. He is, to all appearances, the man of this name who came with the Reconquest and settled in Santa Cruz. 3. 113111.,legs. 754. 755, D311. 4. Revolt, II, p. 122; ZAMO RAN O Salvador Zamoram was in the convict list of 1677,the son of Lucas and born in Mexico City at El Carmen. He was twenty-four years old, with a good build, a broad face, small forehead, and thick eyebrows.‘ He is without {n4} doubt the man of this name who passed mus ter in 1680,alone and poor. He said he was a bachelor, thirty years old, and ready to serve as a soldier.” But he is not heard of again. 1. B-H, III, pp. 317-324. 2. Revolt. I, p. 149; II, pp. 41-42. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY /"' x\‘‘ ‘\\\a‘‘ \\\‘ \ uII”” .“W\ .\c\“ _._‘ — \\\ .}}~‘:§\.~ \\ V ' \\ m\‘2{\\\\\\‘~“\‘ «;\\‘\ . » f N ////r/,,””” . &\\ §\§ ‘L ////////f‘///// ' j// ////’’ : N. A 111;,’ ’//xa _ , .16/51» 4:97 . 4-u.1m1m).s' tn)/(13,Crmquis!m1nm_ uhrirnm han murrms (In jinn anmr. ‘*_ IN THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD SECOND PART THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (1693—1821) By . FRAY ANGELICO . , MANUEL GOMEZDURAN Y CHAVEZ ROYBAL Y TORRADO, Priest and Preacher of the Ortler Of F1‘1i11‘5 Minor; Son of the Province of St. John the Baptist? C1“°°mCle"’Porter’ and Third Assistant at‘the Mission of San Dieg0 dc Jémezi P°S“_na5ter of the Pueblo; Regent of the Museum of New Mexico; Ex—Chaplamand Major in the Army of the United States and the National Guarttof .New Mexico, and Veteran of the Campaign5 of Gum“ and the Philip’ pines, Author of La Conquistadora and Other Works, St. ABEYTA DIEGODE VECTIA was living in Santa Fe in 1701.‘When his daughter, Manuela Rosalia, marriedJuan Antonio Lujan in 1727, the Al I férezDiego de Abeytia was already dead. His widow’sname was Catalina Leal.” He and his wifecame, most probably, with the colonists from Zacatecas in 1695. Catalina Leal, fifty yearsold and widow of Diego de Beitia, died in Santa Fe, July 8, 1727.3 Besides Rosalia, they had a son Antonio and, very probably, Baltasar and Paulin. Antonio de Beytia, or avBeytia, son of Diego, wasan Alférez of the militia at Santa Cruz in 1735,and was mentioned also as the son-in lawof J osé Lujan} In 1731 he gave his age as thirty-two and claimed the Rio Arriba area as his residence.‘ He made his will in 1765, thenholding the rank of captain, at his place in “SanAntonio del Bequiu del Guyqui,” jur isdictionof Santa Cruz. After giving his par ents’names, Antonio named his Wife, Rosalia Lujan.He had only one son, Miguel, but had adopted several boys and girls, not named. Someof these heirs were the children of Juan AntonioLujan (who had married Rosalia Abeyta). He also mentioned “my son, Nico las,”chosen executor, and a Juan de Jesus Beytiawas a witness to the will.“ Baltascrrde Beytia lived in the Rio Arriba area in 1728 when a son, Juan Manuel, was born to his wife, Rosalia Martin.’ They had Sp. A1-ch., I, No, 77. DM. 1727. No. 15. Bur-48. Santa Fe. gm Arch-. NMO. 1. Nos.1731; 20. 743; II, pars. No. 332. nncrolt. Crespo, 116, 119. 511-Arch.. .°°."E"5":3.°“!*-"."‘ 1, No. 110. 347. 8. Juan. M47: 8. Juan. . been married there on February 9, 1728,with Antonio de Bcytia and wife as sponsors.“ Bal tasar was twenty-five in 1732.‘-’In 1741 he was a widower and serving as a soldier at the Albuquerque garrison when he married An tonia Duran y Chaves, on March 20.” After his death Antonia married a Miguel Lucero around the year 1756.“ They had two sons: José, born January 16, 1745, and Diego Antonio, March 6, 1746." Pcmlin de Abeytia married Angela Martin on July 6, 1737,with Juan Antonio Lujan and Rosalia de Abeytia as sponsors.” He was very likely a brother of Antonio, Baltasar, and Ro salia. A daughter, Juana, was the wife of a J osé Baca.“ Maria Rosa , wife of Juan de Beitia, died in Santa Fe on June 15, 1726.” He was perhaps another brother, the Juan de Jesus mentioned in Antonio’s will. Miguel Manuel de Beitia married Maria Francisca Chaves in Santa Fe, September 12, 1744,with Juan Lujén and Rosalia Abeytia as witnesses.” He appears to be the only son of Antonio, mentioned in his father’s will. In time the family name took the form Abeyta. The settlement of Los Abeytas in the Rio Abajo was composed of descendants of Baltasar. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Bancroft. NMO, 1732. 11-3, Albuq. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 454. B-3. Alhuq. M-20. Sm. Cnxz. Sn. Art-h.. I. No. 117. 15. Bur-48. Sta. Fe. 16. M-50, Sta. Fe. [119] ?_ﬁ ORIGINS OF NEW l\’llCXlC() FAlVlILIES ABREGO JUAN DE ABREGO was a primer sargento, forty—nineyears old, of the Santa Fe garrison in 1790.He was a native of Mexico City. His wife was Juana Fcrmindez, twenty-eight; they had two boys, six and seven years old, and two girls, four and two.‘ One child, José Guadalupe, was born on June 4, 1800.2The mother died on October 3, 1818,and was bur ied from the military chapel in Santa Fe.“ 1 Iosé de Abrego and his wife, Marz'a.Soledarl Roylml, had a child baptized on January 3, 1818."The father enlisted‘ as a soldier in 1805, when twenty years old.-" 1. Twit. Coll., No. 179. 2. B—Stn. Fe. 4. B-Stu. Fe. 5. HSNM. Mil. Papers. 3. Bur-51, Castrense. ABREU SANTIAGO ABREU was the first person in New Mexico of this name, unless the pre ceding Abrego name suffered change; then he would be another son of Juan de Abrego. Santiago was living in Santa Fe in 1805 when a daughter, Maria Jacoba Marcelina, was born to his wife, M-aria Soledad de la 0.‘ A son of theirs, Ramon, married Mar1'a Pele grina Dominguez in the military chapel, May 23, 1827.2Another son, Marcelino, had mar ried Brigida Olona of Tomé, where their child, Justa, was born on May 15, 1832.3San Santiago Abreu II was married to Josefa Baca. On August 15, 1818, they had a son, José Maria Ascncién Agapito; a girl, Maria Soledad, was born in 1821, and another son, José de Jeszis, in 1823.“ In 1837Don Santiago Abreu, a former Jcfe Politico, was captured near Los Cerrillos by the Chimayo insurgents and cruelly put to death at Santo Domingo Pueblo. The rebels had already killed Ramon and Mariano Abreu,“ presumably his brothers. B-Sta. Fe, Jan. 18. M-51. B-Sta. Fe. tiago died in 1814.‘ ?‘S":“:"'-W5!‘ « C:L~sIrense. B-72. Tomé. Sp. Ar('h., II, No. 2537. Lending Facts, Vol. II. p. 62; Illtch Coll., Box 4. No. 164. AGUERO PEDRO NOLASCO AGUERO was a native survive beyond the following individual who might have been his son: of Zacatecas, of unknown parentage, who married Maria Dominguez,,of like estate, in 4 Miguel /lgiiero married Antonia Martin Santa Fe in 1708.‘He might be the “Juan No January 12, 1726.“ lascoArmijo,” widower of Maria Acosta, who 1. l).\[, 1708, No. 2. married Maria de Silva, widow of José Galle 2. M-3, Album. 805,July 27, 1732.’Anyway, the name did not 3. 151-29. Sm. Cruz. [1201 IN THE n1G11'ri-:1sN'r11 CENTURY AGUILAR AlonsoRael dc Aguilar (see Racl). ,, -.2 >1: * -i= * a round face, a high forehead, and a small nose. * ac Nicolasdc Aguilar, villainous character of thepreceding century, did not return to New Mexico.If his children remained until the 1680Indian Rebellion, they went under their mother’sname of Marquez. Of the four chil dren,only one was a boy, Nicolas. >9: * * =l< * * * =|= Franciscode Aguilar was the only Aguilar amongthe refugees of 1680, a Sargento, mar ried,but with no children} He had come to NewMexicothree years before, with the con victsof 1677,when he was described as being thirty-eightyears old and a native of Puebla, sentencedto two years without pay? Since histerm was up he must have returned home, forhe does not appear in 1681 or after. * * * * * * * * MiguelGeronimo del Aguila and his family appearin the Velasco list of colonists in 1693. Hewas thirty, the son of Nicolas del Aguila and a native of Baeza, with large eyes, a sharpnose, and a scar next to his right eye. His wife was Geronimo Dia-s Flores, daugh ter of Ignacio and born in Mexico City, hav inglarge eyes and two moles on the face. They had a ten-year-old daughter, Josefa Antonia,born in Mexico City at La Merced; shewas pockmarked and had big eyes.“ It is not known if this family had any male de scendants;the name does not appear again as such. They had a son, Rodrigo, six years old, born in Mexico City, having :1 broad lace, large and rather deep—seteyes, and a flat n0se_ There were two daughters, both born in Mex ico City: Maria Casimira, eleven, of medium height, with an aquiline face, gray eyes, and a small nose; and Mariana, five, who was fair, with a round face, high forehead, and small eyes. An infant of a year and a half, also born in Mexico City, was José (or Josefa) Maria, with a high forehead, large eyes, and small nose.‘ As with the preceding family, it is not known if they arrived in New Mexico, or stayed permanently. At any rate, the name is not found in succeeding years. * * * * =|= * * * Antonio de Aguilera Yssasi, or Yssasi Agui lera, often appears as an official in civil docu ments following the Reconquest. He came in 1693,the son of Matias and a native of Mexico City, thirty-eight years of age, of medium height, with large eyes and a wound on the nose. His wife was Gertrudis Hernandez, twenty-eight, the daughter of Mateo and also born in Mexico City; she was of medium height, with a round, dark face. They brought along an adopted child, J osé Benito, three years old, with a round face, small eyes, and a rather flat noses‘ But after the first years of the Reconquest, Antonio and his name disappear. * * * * '-1: it * III I * * * * as at as: -3: Pedrode Aguitera and his family were also amongthe Velasco colonists. He was twenty Manuel de Aguilar, origin unknown, lived in Santa Fe in the last quarter of the century with his wife, Rosa Beltran. He died on Feb SEVGU, the son of Rodrigo ruary 1, 1789.“ It * and a native of MexicoCity, with a fair complexion, a large H059,and small eyes. His wife was Juana dc T.°T7‘0S, twenty-eight, the daughter of Fran 01500and also born in Mexico City; she had * g * * Bk * * CRISTOBAL AGUILAR, son of Vicente Aguilar and Nicolasa Rinan (?), was a native of Zacatecas, twenty—sevenyears old when he [121} O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES enlisted as :1soldier of the Santa Fe Presidio in 1837. He was a shoemaker by trade] Thoughhe came after 1820, during the Mexi oi. 2. 3, 4. In-volt, 1. pp. 143. 176. H-II, III; PD. 317-324. Sp. Arc-h., II, N0. 540. Ibld. can period, he is included here because he is evidently the ancestor of the Aguilar family in New Mexico. 5. lhld. 6- Bur-49. Sm. Fe. 7.‘ HSNM, MIL Papers. AGUIRRE JOSE CALIXTO MARIANO DE AGUIRRE, originnot known, married Maria Magdalena Duran y Chaves on February 27, 1752, with Bernardo de Chaves and Maria Quintana as witnesses} The marriage is also entered in the register of Isleta, where the name is spell ed Aguerr1'..2 1. M-4, Alhuq. 2. M-11, Islcta. ALARID I JUAN BAUTISTA ALARI was a French man who married Maria Franctsca- Fernandez de la Pedrera, childless Widow of Captain Juan Rodriguez, on March 24, 1741.1 Ban croft wrote that about the year 1740 a party of nine Frenchmen came to Taos, and two of them remained in Santa Fe. One of these, “Jean d’A1ay,”became a good Spanish citizen practising his trade of barber (medic), and married a local woman? Bancroft’s informa tion was from a letter of Governor Codallos, who wrote the name, “Juan de Alari.” “Jean d’Alay” looks like Bancroft’s guess, repeated by Read? Others say that he belonged to a party of thirty—three Frenchmen who visited New Mexico in those times.‘ Was Juan de Alari,then, the “Petit Jean” or “Jean David” among the eight members of the Mallet Ex pedition that reached New Mexico in 1739? Hewas the only European Frenchman among these Creoles of Canada and Louisiana. His alleged companion, Louis Moreau, or Morin, is also among these men.‘ The year prior to their marriage, his wife had bought the house and lot in Santa Fe where La Fonda now stands.“ Their known children were Juan Antonio, José Ignacio, [1223 Maria Francisca, who married Francisco Xavier Fragoso, Manuel Isidoro, and Maria Josefa de Loreto, born March 29, 1754.’Their mother died on November 22, 1757,at the age of forty.“ Juan de Alari, now referred to as a soldier, married Ana Maria Tenorto on June 13, 1758,” by whom he had another son, J osé Antonio, April 22, 1763.” Old Juan died on October 5, 1772.“ In their efforts to spell the name phonetic ally, the Spanish Padres and others wrote it variously as Alarij, Alarie, Atejarie, and Alari, the last soon becoming the accepted form. The correct French spelling would be Atarie. It was not until the Nineteenth Cen tury that Alarid came into being, an effort to hispanicize the name, like “Madrid.” IucxnAntonio Alari, son of the above, was a Sargento in 1764 when he married Dominga Roybal.” She was a daughter of Mateo Roy bal and Gregoria Baca who had been reared by a childless aunt, the wife of Juan José Moreno.” He re-enlisted as a soldier in 1777, when thirty-four.““‘ Two known children were José Francisco, IN THE EIGIITEENTH born October 4, 1771, and Maria Estéfana-, October26, 1773.“ Their mother died on No vember23, 1798, and was buried from the militarychapel.” JoséIgnacio Alari enlisted as a soldier when thirty-three, in 1779.15“ ManuelIsidoro Alari was born on April 6, 1751,the son of “Don Juan de A1arie” and DoﬁaMaria Francisca Fernandez de la Pe drera.”He first married a Maria (Josefa) de Armenta,"by whom he had a son, José de Jesus,November 23, 1773, who later married AntoniaRomo;“‘ and a daughter Maria Rita de Jesus, May 29, 1776.19Their mother died‘ on March 9, 1781. ManuelAlari then married Josefa Ortiz Bustamantein the military chapel of Our Lady of Light on December 21, 1781.21 Both wereactive members of the Confraternity of La Conquistadora.” He was twenty-eight in 1779,when he enlisted as a soldier.”"=‘ In the SantaFe Presidio census of 1790he was listed as “Manuel Alarye, forty, and a native of New Mexico.” His wife, Josefa Ortiz, was twenty—five.Their four sons were sixteen, eight,three, and one; their one daughter was SiX_23 These children were as follows: Joaquin, %Sta. . Fe. d N. 7 £171-i5t0. s . Ari I\ . . . 3. m. Hist. zotaig. M.. p1.'3g9.243' an 1 - Ct. Cniorzuin Mnrmzine, Vol. XVI, No. 5, p. 169; Twitcheli i’|rSp.Arch.. 1. pp. 143-151. Ma. Cf. I-‘oimer in NMHR. Vol. XVI, No. 3. p. 262; Colorado ﬂirazinc.Vol. XVI. pp. 167-171; see Morn. Luis Marla. 5- Si)» Arch» 1. No. 272. 7- B-62. Sta. Fe. 8- Mo. Sta. Fe. 11- Bur—48. Sta. Fe. 12- M~ao. Sta. Fe. rent 15. 59-Arm. I. No. 552. 3- HSNM. Mil. Papers. 14. B-Sta. Fe. 15 3"Y'51y Cnstremae. 153-"SNM. loc. cit. 16- B-62. Sta. Fe. who married Maria Luz Chavez of Tomé;" José Maria, who married Maria Guadalupe Ribera (see below); José Manuel, born in 1804, who married Isabel Urioste;25 Mariano José, born in 1801, who married Maria Luz Martinez?" and the girl, Ana Maria, who be came the wife of Vicente Villanueva. Old Manuel died on April 14, 1804,and was buried from the military chapel.“ Iosé de Iesus Alari, son of old Juan Alari by his second wife, Ana Tenorio, was a thirty one-year-old soldier of Santa Fe in 1790.His wife was Polonia Rael.“ * * * * * * * * Iosé Maria Alari, son of Manuel Alari and J osefa Ortiz Bustamante, married Maria Guadalupe Ribera, daughter of Manuel Ri bera and J osefa Labadia, on April 20, 1814.” Their children were:“° Maria de Jesus, born 1816,who married J osé Pino; Maria Manuela, born 1820; Maria Dolores, born February 5, 1824, wife of Desiderio Roybal;3‘ José Maria Apolinario, 1818;Maria Nicolasa Severa, 1821; and Maria J osefa Juliana, 1829.Their Ribera mother died on June 21, 1829.“ José Maria was transferred from Santa Fe to the new military outpost of San Miguel del Vado where he married Antonia Ruiz Esparza on August 17, 1830.33 17. 31-50, Sta. Fe. Feb. 20. 1772. 18. B-Stu. Fe; B-66, Castrense, 15.66v. 19. 20. 21. 22. B-Sta. Fe. Bur-51. Cnstrense. l\l~5l. Castroniw. AASF, Bk. LXX; El Paincia. Vol. 57, No. 10. p. 306. 22:1. HSNM, inc. cit. 23. Twit. Coil. No. 179. 24. Grandparents given, bapt. of child, Dec. 8, 1829. B-'12. Tomé. 25. B and M-51, Castrt-1|.-at-. Ihid. . B- 2 M“. Papiér.S).Sta.Fe. He enlisted CENTURY as a soldier in 1781 (HSNM. 26. B-Castrt-nae; B-23, Nami)é-Pojmuxue. M.‘Sec. 27. Bur-51. Oastrenso. 28. Twit. CnlI.. Ioc. cit. 29. M-(S2. Stu. Fe. 30. All bnpt. dates in B-66, Curr:-mt-. 31. GENEALOGY: Marin Dninren Alari. Maria Nicoiasa Roybal, Fr. A. Chavez. Romualdo Roybai. 32. Bur-51, Onstron.-w. 33. M-San Miguel. 1829-1848: M—51,Cnstrrnse. At eighteen he had enlisted as drummer oi the Santa Fe Presidio in 1807 (HSNM, loc. clt.). {123} T ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES x ALDERETE l JUAN DE ALDERETE, a native of the Minesof Talpujagua in Michoacan, left home on November 20, 1690, to join Vargas’ forces at Guadalupe del Paso. His parents were Juan de Alderete and Maria Galindo. He was seventeen years old in 1691,when he married Maria Lucero de Godoy at the Real de San Lorenzo on August 26. She was fourteen, a native of Santa Fe, the daughter of Francisco Lu'cero de Godoy and Josefa Sambrano de Grijalva.‘ In 1697 he and his wife’s family sold some property in Santa Fe.’ 1. DM, 1691. N0. 4. 2. Sp. Arch., II, No. 3. ALIRE MIGUEL DE ALIRE (Aliri) was a native of Mexico City who came to Santa Fe early in the century. In the census of 1790 he is listed as a widower eighty—four years old, liv ing with an unmarried daughter, forty-six.‘ Miguel married Isabel de la. Vega y Coca in rmds Antonio, January 25, 1760; Bartolomé, December 9, 1761; Manuela Candelaria, Feb ruary 6, 1764; Martin, February 1, 1776; and Santa Fe, on May 18, 1728.2 In 1732 he gave Maria J osef-a, April 19, 1773.7 his age as twenty-five.“ He was an uncle of a José Baca, husband of Juana de Beytia.‘ In 1758he and Toribio Ortiz were after land in La Ciénega that had belonged to his father in-law, Miguel de la Vega y Coca. He was a charter member of Our Lady of Light?’ Mi guel de Alire, widower of Isabel Coca, died in Santa Fe on May 15, 1798.“Direct connections with any sons have not been found, except with Tomas, who enlisted as a soldier in 1757 when he was twenty-one.“ José, or José Antonio, Alire was living in Santa Fe in the middle of the century with 1- sn.A I. II N. 1 V-50.rSclln’. 096a 0 1 3. Bancroft, N.\[0. 1732. ' 4- 59- Arch.. 1. No. 117. 5- lbld-. No. 652; NMHR, Vol. X, No. 3. p. 188. his wife, Margarita Lobato. They had the fol lowing children: José Miguel, born February 20, 1755; To Tomés Alire, son of Miguel de Alire and Isabel de la Vega, also resided in Santa Fe with his wife, Luz (or Nicolasa) Tafoya. Their children were: Diego Antonio, born March 10, 1767; Fran cisco Esteban, August 16, 1768; Marria Valvu nera, February 28, 1770; Maria Gertrudis, June 19, 1774; and Tomas Faustin, December 15, 1775.3 Benito Alire and his wife, Maria Luz Te norio, had one son, Manuel de Jesus, Decem ber 28, 1765.” 6. Bur-~19, Sta. Fe. Ga. IISNM, Mil. Papers. 7. All In B-Sta. Fe. 8. lbld. 9. lbld. (1241 E-vw,-t~ IN 'I‘ ll l‘) 1'} l (I II '|' ['2 l'I N 'I' ll (‘ I". N 'l' U ll \' ANAYA (An-aya /llmaztin) FRANCISCODE ANAYA ALMAZAN was the only male survivor of the large Anaya Almazanfamily which was wiped out by the Rebellion of 1680, including his second wife and his children by his first two wives. In 1682he had married Fclipa Cedillo Rico de Rojas.Both returned with the Rcconquest, beingmentioned as marriage sponsors before theturn of the century.‘ He left his name on El Morro in 1692.“ Old Francisco Was dead by 1716, when his sonby his third wife, Joaquin, married Mar garita de Ortega.” There was another son, Salvador; and a daughter, Juana, who was married consecutively to three men, Lucas Montaﬁo,Juan Lorenzo de Medina, and Lu cas Miguel Moya. Their Cedillo mother was married a second time, to Francisco Gon zélezﬁ Joaquinde Anaya, who married Margarita de Ortega in 1716, was Still living in 1733,‘ but nothing is known about his children, if any, Salvador de Anaya, brother of Joaquin, had married Magdal.ena-dc Espinola, by whom he had a daughter, Maria Antonia, born on Au gust 20, 1703."Salvador was dead by 1733, his wife having died several years before, since his widow was Maria Francisca»Esquibel, who now referred to Maria Antonia as her “daugh ter.”5 This girl married Salvador Dias Blea in 1724.“What sons there were is not known. * >1! =11 * * =l< * Diego de Anaya Almazdn married Juana de Sena, adopted child of Bernardino de Sena and Manuela Roybal, who acted as wedding sponsors, January 25, 1728.’But Diego died at the age of twenty-four on November 19 of the sa-meyear.“ His widow, referred to mere ly as “Juana Maria —-,” widow of Diego de Anaya, married an Andrés Trujillo in 1730.“ It is not known if Diego was an Anaya broth er, or only a servant, or if a child was born of his brief marriage. 5. 6. 7. 1. D31, 1695, No. 6: 1696. No. 10. 1a.Mesn. Canyon. £46., 1'). 473. * Sn. Al'(‘h., loc. clt. D31. 1724. No. 1. 31-50. Sta. Fe. 8. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 9. 31-50. Sta. Fe. 2. D31. 1716. No. 8. 3. Sn. Arch., II. No. 386. 4. B-13, Burnnllllo. ANCIZO Amongthe colonists from Zacatecas were a Juana de Ancico de la Cruz, who married Francisco Pérez de la Rosa in 1698;‘ Josefa de la Encarnacion, wife of Ignacio Losano; and Maria de Ancizo, wife of Agustin de la Cruz.They were the daughters of Miguel de M 1. mi. 1593. No. 7. 2' “GN- Mun lm1.. t. 735. it. 273. 299. la Cruz de Lara and Juana dc Ancizo.” The latter, or else the younger Juana, is referred to as the mother (mother-in-law?) of Cristo bal Crespin,“ and was very likely the Juana de la Cruz, called “La Mozonga,” who died in Santa‘ Fe, May 9, 1727.‘ 3. 4. Sn. Arch.. 1. No. 167. OLC, p. 70. [125] air OIHGINS ()l-' NICW Ml'lXl(_1()l"/\Mll.l]-)5 ANGEL MiguelAngel was among the Mexico City colonistswho settled in Santa Cruz in 1696, beingsingle at the time.‘ The name appears afterwards, but not enough to be traced ef fectively. 1. Ni». An-n.. 1. No. 317. ANSURES GABRIELDE ANSURES, son of the same, wasa native of Puebla, and thirty—eight years oldwhen he came in 1693. He had an aquiline face and large deep-set eyes’. His Wife was Felipade Villavicencio Pérez Lechuga, twen ty—one, the daughter of Domingo, and born in MexicoCity; she had a round face, large eyes and forehead, and a small nose. Theirchildren were: J osé, nineteen, the son of Gabriel by a previous marriage, born at Oaxaca, tall and dark, with a round face, joined eyebrows, and a low forehead; and Maria, child by the second wife, nine years old, fair and freckled, with large eyes and forehead.‘ Maria became the wife of J osé de Atienza. Juana, perhaps a sister born in New Mexico, married a Diego Martin. * =l= * * * * * * Bartolomé cle Ansures, sixty-two years old in 1695,was a native of Puebla,“ probably an uncle of Gabriel. His marriage to Ynez Mar tin was under question in that year? 1. 2. 3. Sn. Arch.. II, No. 546. I).\!. 1695, No. 13. ll)ld.. No. 7. AP 0 DACA (Gonzalez de Apodaca) JOSE GONZALEZ DE APODACA return ed to New Mexico in 1693 with his wife, Isa belGutiérrez, and their known children, Juarn Elsteb-anand Juan Antonio. His daughter Ma Tltl,by his first wife, was married to Carlos Lopez.Old J osé was still living in Chama in 1729,when he gave his age as seventy—four.‘ lucmEsteban de Apodaca married Francisca iwoyain Santa Fe in 17092 In 1716 he re _b0ughtancestral lands in Santa Fe." Accord "lg to testimony given in 1728, he had been reared by his aunt, Maria Gutierrez, wife of JW“ (Ccdillo) Rico de Rojas." Juan Esteban died on February 12, 1727, and was survived bY.hiSwidow." It is not known who his chil dren were, if any. [126] Juan Antonio de Apodaca of Santa Cruz, brother of Juan Esteban, was bereft of his first wife, Maria Duran, before he was twen ty-six, when he married Francisca Lucero de Godoy at Albuquerque, on November 8, 1716.“ He was still residing at Santa Cruz in 1727, but is mentioned as a soldier of Santa Fe the following year.’ He is very likely the Juan de Apodaca mentioned with his daughter Maria as being related to Ana Bernal of Santa Cruz.“ A known son of his was Felipe dc Apodaca.“ -4: :1: a: :1: :1: as 4: =1 FRANCISCO DE APODACA was a brother of Jose Gonzfilcz dc Apodaca, and uncle of the two preceding men.“‘ He had died, and was buried in Santa Fe, before 1695,when his widow, Juana Martin d.e Salazar, married ,7 I N JuanOlguin." She was still living at Rio Ar riba in 1734.” , A daughter,Joscfa, married Juan Marquez at Santa Cruz in 1709.” A grown son, not named,was reported killed by the J émez In dianswith his step—father, Captain Juan Ol guin,in the uprising of 1696, but an Indian witnessdeclared that the youth had been ta kencaptive instead.“ Cristébalde Apodcxca, who had a wife and twochildren in 1680,returned to Santa Fe in 1693.”Both he and his wife, Regina P-eralta, weredead by 1707,when their son, Juan An drés,married Margarita Martin;‘° this Mar garitaMartin died in Santa Fe on August 25, 1727." Cristobal might have been a brother of José and Francisco. * * * =14 * $5 >1: * OtherApodacas who returned with the Re conquestwere the sons of any of the above citedmen, or else, like Ventura below, were of unknown parentage, yet all members of the same family group. r..na>—ac»-'-- 1‘) I". I (1 ll '1‘ 1'} 1') N '1' H C 1". N '1‘ U It Y Vmi.I.m'ado /lpoducu, a soldier of Santa Fe, and born before the 1680Rebellion in the Sa linas country, was twenty-one to twenty-five years old in 1695, when he married Angela Varela.” He did not know who his parents were. José de Apodaca and his wife, Joscfa Mar tin, were living in Santa Cruz in 1713,when a son, Diego, was born to them.” Sebastian de Apodaca, twenty-six years of age and married, was living in Santa Fe in 1716.” He is also mentioned as a civil witness in 1744 and 1749.“ In 1732 he was referred to as a resident of Santa Fe and forty-nine years ol .23 José Manuel de Apodaca married Josefa del Castillo at Jacona, June 21, 1733.“ She died in Santa Fe, December 21, 1737.“ Antonio de Apodaca, husband of Maria An tonia Fernandez, died in Santa Fe, March 22, 1727.95 Marcos de Apodaca married Monica Val verde on August 19, 1733; he died at the age of forty-four on January 10, 1766." 14. Crusmlvrs, p. 251; Old Santa Fe. III, pp. 332-373. 13. D“. 1696. No. 1. 1).“, 1729, No. 1. lbld.. 1709. No. 5. Sp. Arch., I. No. 11. Ibtd., No. 747. >->_->--u<:>oa~Id‘aU\.ua:m>-| '1‘ ll 16. 111111.,1707, No. 2. Bur-48. Sta. Fe; Sp. Arch., I, No. 514. 17. Bur-~88, Sm. Fe. 13. 1).“, 1691. No. 17; 1695. No. 10. DM. 1716. N0. 4. 19. )1-33. Sta. Cruz. Ihld., 1727, No. 1; 1728. No. 5. AASF, No. 15. 20. D31, 1716, No. 9. 21. Sp. Arch., 1, Nos. 33-1. 648. Twit. Cnll.. fragment. - DM. 1691. No. 1: Muese-Montaﬁo charts. 22. Bancroft, NMO, 1732. 23. Bur-16, Ntunhé. M-Sec. . lhtd., 1595. No. 3. . Sp. Arch., I. No. 19. . DM, 1709, N05. 6. 12. 3. llitd. 26. .\I-50 and Bur-48, Sin. Fe. 24. Bur—48, Sta. Fe. ARAGCN IGNACIO DE‘ ARAGON, thirty—two, the son of Juan and a native of Mexico City, Camewith his family in 1693. He was of me diumheight, with an aquiline face, high fore head, and small, deep—set eyes, His wife was SebastianaOrtiz, twenty-seven, also born in MexicoCity, the daughter of Nicolas (Ortiz). Shehad an aquiline face, large eyes and tore head,and a small, sharp nose. ‘They had two girls at this time: Maria, eightyears old and born in Mexico City, hav ing an aquiline face, a high forehead, black eyes, and a small nose; and Antonia, three years old, born in Mexico City, and of exactly the same description as her sister.‘ Another list has Aragon with his wife and three children.” Perhaps one child died on the way, or else an elder boy had joined the Vargas troops. The wife was in all probability a sister of Nicolas Ortiz, another settler‘ who brought his family in the same group, for [127] ORIGINS OF NEW Ml“.Xl(‘.() FAIVIILIES both are natives of Mexico City and children of Nieol.'is 014.1’/». _ Ignacio still resided in Santa Fe in 1705,but by 1710 had settled in Bernalillo, when he gave his age as fifty.“ His wife had died prior to 1708,when he married Luisa Baca on April 25."She was, apparently, a daughter of Cris tobal Baca of Bernalillo, and the reason for his moving there after his marriage. There a son, Salvador Manuel, was born on April 21, 1710.“A Nicolas de Aragén of Ber nalillo, thirty years old in 1731,“ was in all likelihood a son by his first (Ortiz) wife. Maria, the eight-year-old child of 1693, be came the wife of Antonio Baca, June 12, 1706.’ The numerous Aragén clan of the Rio Aba * "‘ * * * -0- uu : Felix de Aragén was a different individual who enlisted at Guadalupe del Paso and then deserted with two others in 1693, being ap prehended soon after.-“ In 1694 he married Juana dc Torres in Santa Fe, when he stated that he was twenty-one, a soldier of the gar rison, and born in Guadiana (now Durango), the son of Diego de Aragén and J osefa Mar tinez, both still living in Durango. The bride was the orphan daughter of Blas Navarro and Matiana Gomez of La Villa de Leon in New Spain.” It is not known if he had any descendants. Perhaps the Rio Arriba Ara gons are descended from him, 6. Sp. Arch.. II, No. 5421. BNM. leg. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 830-834. D51. 1731, unnumbered. 7. B-13, Bern. GENEAIDGY: Maria de Arnzbn, Gregoria Baca. Mariano Roybal. Juan Manuel Roybal. Deslderlo Roybal, Romualrlo Roybal, Nlcolasa Roybal. Fr. A. Chavez. 8. Crusaders, p. 148. I)“, 1705, No. 12; 1710, No. 9. B-13, B:-m., M. see. $":“?’!°!" jo area stems from this family of Ignacio de Aragon. 9. 1111:]. DM, 1694, No. 22. ARCE ANTONIO DE ARCE was an Alférez, sta tioned at the Presidio of San Buenaventura, Juan de Arce, a native of Chihuahua, was twenty-six when he enlisted as a soldier in Chihuahua, in 1792.1 By 1797 he had been 1831.He was the son of José Antonio de Arce and Maria de Hinojosﬁ transferred to Santa Fe? He married Soledad Holguin, by whom he had at least two chil dren: Maria Luisa Veronica, May 29, 1800; and Jesus Maria Hermenegildo, August 25, 1804.3Apparently he had been married be fore, and brought two young sons, Juan and José Maria. Martina de Arce was married to Francisco de Paula Ortiz, son of Antonio Ortiz and Te resa Miera. According to the baptism of their child, Martina was the daughter of a Fran cisco Quiros and Soledad Holguin.‘ Hence, she was a step—daughter of Antonio de Arce. 1' 59- Arm. II, No. 1201. 2. llI|d., Nos. 1409. 1470. 1638. 3- B—Cnslrrnsc. [128] Iosé Maria de Arce, a second lieutenant of the Santa Fe garrison, is mentioned in dis patches in the beginning of the Nineteenth Century.” He was very likely a son of Anto nio by his first wife in Chihuahua, and a bro ther of Juan. At any rate, he does not appear in any marriage or baptismal register; hence he can be presumed to have left no descend ants. An adopted son of his, José Maria, en listed as a soldier in 1831when fourteen years old.’ 4. B-(15. Stu. Fe. Dec. 4. 1810. 5. HSNM. Mil. Papers. 6. Sn. An-h., II: NMHR. Vol. IV, pp. 146-164. 7. IISNM. loc. cit. [N T111-1 1-:1(; ll'l'I~1lCN'1‘H c1.;Nv;-Uny .ARCH1BEQUE JEAN L’./XRCHEVEQUE was born in Bay onne, France, in 1671, the son of Claude L’Archeveque and Marie d’Armagnac. In 1684,at the age of thirteen, he joined the La SalleExpedition in search of the Mississippi Delta. The ships landed by mistake on the Texas coast, and there, in 1687, some of the became the wife of Francisco José de Casa dos. In’this year Jean married Manuela Roybal at San Ildcfonso on June 23.’ They had no children. Both were sponsors for a Mestas child on April 1, 1720,"and shortly after he left on the Villasur Expedition to the eastern plains where he was killed by Frenchmen and, ironically, by a loyal survivor of the La men plotted to assassinate their leader. On March 18, they got young l’Archeveque to leadLa Salle into an ambush where he was Salle Expedition thirty-three years before.” The estate of Juan de Archibeque, this was shot.Soon after the youth went to live with the Spanish form his name had taken, was theIndians with a certain Grolet and others.‘ probated in 1721,and from it we have a clear Two years later, in 1689, he and Grolet picture of his family, including two other learned of Spanish troops near their Texas sons, not legitimate, Agustin and Juan.” Indian camp, and contacted the commander by means of a message on a curiously deco Miguel de Archibeque, legitimate son of rated parchment, surrendering themselves Captain Juan de Archibeque and Antonia Gu sometimeafter. Both men were naked, save tiérrez, married Maria. Roybal, daughter of for an antelope skin, with faces, chests, and Captain Ignacio Roybal and Francisca Go armspainted Indian style. They were taken mez, at ‘San Ildefonso, November 2, 1716.Both to Coahuila, and thence to Mexico City. In parties gave their age as twenty.“ Three the same year they were sent to Spain.’ A years later his Widowed father married Ma Spanishsource says that they were first ta ria’s elder sister. Miguel was absent from ken to San Luis Potosi, then to Mexico City, Santa Fe, trading in Sonora for his merchant andcondemned to work in the mines} father, when the latter was killed.” By 1693the two Frenchmen were back in Miguel made his own last will in 1727, dy New Spain, being numbered with a third ing on August 15 of that year.” In it he de Frenchman,“Pedro Munier,” among the set clared that he had been married to Maria tlers recruited by Velasco at Zacatecas. They were described as “streaked on the face,”‘ I Roybal for eleven years, and that they had only two children: a boy, Lorenzo Claudio, whichshows that their Indian markings were who died in infancy, and a girl, Juliana.“ morethan mere paint. Juliana married Juan Gabaldon on July 26, ‘In 1697,l’Archeveque married Antonia Gu 1735,with her aunt Maria de Archibeque and tzérrez,presumably at Santa Clara, where husband Francisco Casados as witnesses.‘’' Bandelierfound the matrimonial papers. An :II it * * * * * * toniahad joined the colonists with her hus Agustin de Archibeque is referred to in band, Tomas de Hita (Itta), when she was Juan de Archibeque’s estate as a “bastard by describedas a native of Mexico City, sixteen an unwed woman” during his father’s first years old, and the daughter of Mateo, tall, marriage.” He married a Manuela ’1‘rujillo. broad-faced, with brown hair and eyes.-"Her husband,however, was murdered at Zacate Their son, Antonio Domingo, married Casilda Gonzalez on April 6, 1750," by whom he had casbefore the colony started north.“ She had two sons: Juan Domingo, January 5, 1751, two children by l’Archeveque, Miguel and and Agustin Antonio, June 20, 1753.” Maria,and died prior to 1719. This daughter [1293 O I-‘vr-«:.:.. _‘.@l(J:n7:~r(-,”z‘_(’I;".'(-'_,"\ ,, . . .1'41.,1'.91,2:5,51,. ’ '/N/2 ..m< ""~4/IVJ4-4.4 ,. ( U -.I/up)‘ / ‘I’: r.~ . .~ “/l’ ,F , / o I \,_f______‘ .»<1’/13a/.2,-u,I«’/up — ' Ix. ‘lujk I“ ‘;‘.'(,.~La’--‘tn.-u, $141;;7')'¢1(nv\-/,'/,9] (‘r/C‘; (,w¢ﬂ'_1:‘(,. "(""‘V.‘\t"rLf/«:',:.(»_,7.“ 7\‘('g _y _« - , 4 / ,, 4 .- “ _.""“'0((u¢{zL _, nu L lr(((Izn7v]/1.911’?-If;-.’,'¢4,‘o]‘ / 7,’. // T%/1&5;//ct. -’/u//(981 , - /" L‘z1;t’¢‘,'//’C: ‘ , V / . ya” / -4‘'‘'/’/) X 51/54. »z,:,a:.-v..»¢/W’%?””/""”"‘/"‘.‘5'°> /.:.,a.1,rr&¢O~/Lna9 -‘~¢*/97“: . :m7%1% ‘gm’//:"-‘ﬂamj)‘_;"/‘V «er/ivMk 1 C1-wr0v»”J‘Wr/-~19//41 //7:512 ‘9’’’*‘~'*7’ ‘[ L > _g;%., 925., 4%,: K ._ -Wa I 4... . t . -‘ . uz/—@*" ”"”‘J"“£/“M/h’L95” K / - Cm’. 5(/§Z>_>,//M/c/35.7c?r.«:»% /eJr22LLﬁzw;I§<)«maﬁ :4,’ /;-}-/W /é‘u{‘wy)¢,_Z.r'/7I%J)\} ~y»[4urc_ %W4m...,£o:’*r«/W 5an '23/L,/nu,/L. (3v;u'e.A-$7M. .)’1I\t/~'~/6¥:\,;lI«.L/6‘)?‘L;21y/ J?/A4_.§m,,; Q/}»_uL1/0/1/J1’ 5/../‘Z°.,.m.z;, {.,,y,,,,,7;wm.; ,,‘,«,,L. " /4.3: .1z.m€@o-4;w, ,{_.9,%;}.»«/9; :1/fa 0 _ I, I, .5 , --—~(~/J«2t&’é70If(l._d. r‘ /» ' ‘If ’ . P‘“ ‘rm’ ' 'Y“""\ ":91--I//v/(v/Jr . .1 ,,'_»4‘,,£1“. an Z‘/:—: ‘ ,, . *‘f"'f§-Q‘ ,8Yﬂ.j 4 ’ ‘ _§~_//04%;//'1p:c/\,./ﬂ ' : /’’ 'J.‘7¢M.~l[-r»,\ . I H-5771/‘/71¢!‘l<;1.«nrI4,1,. /’ /7 ..p."/wan mo/ms‘ NM5/I.N//"11 / 4 //_/;«'x.-.:'Z/.‘o’-"/-> I / 1,. /I‘ . Ir,’ (3.,-,-,4.1/u‘ ‘ ,- ,1 -.'» 4 111/ , “lc~4’.,5"-3?; - (4% . c . (7/HIfJ.(¥-/.-.)"f.‘/pf?” Sample page of Diligencia Matrimonial, 1716, No. 17, dated October 24. Formal Application of Migu01do Archibequc to marry Maria de Roybal. 17 IN TIIE l‘]IGllTI'}I']N’I‘][ CENTURY Juande Archibeque is referred to in his fa father's death he went under the name of ther's estate as a “nai.uI‘_ill Son” by a young Masca1'efias. servantgirl while his father was a widower. BothAgustin and Juan were reared in the Archibequehome. The servant-girl remem beredin the estate was a Maria de Ma-scare ﬁas,an orphan reared in the family.“-’ She wasundoubtedly Juan’s mother, for after his The name “Archibeque” was passed down through Agustin, since Miguel, the only legi timate son, had only one male child that died in infancy, while Juan chose his molher’s family name. ' 1. (llldc-d Man. DD. 289-302. Bandelier took the data from :1 ml he found in the Mission of Santa Clara in 1838. but which is not in the Archives of the Archdiocese. It related to the Frenchman's first marriage. in 1697, to Antonia Gutierrez. Cf. ’l‘witchcllin Sp. AreIi.. m"‘m,°" '95‘?-"W"-hOPUS. I fulilcly Salle s murder. 11. 1).“. 1716. No. 17: M’-24. I, p. 14. 2. 13-11,11. Appendix, pp. 470-4; message reproduced facing , 257. P3. AGN. Hist.. 43. Dt. 23, t. 4. 4. BNM. leg. 4. pt. 1, pp. 830-4. 5. Ihld., pp. 790-5; Sp. Arch., II, No. 54c. 121. Sn. .-\r(-h.. loc. (-It. to exonerate him of La lid. 13. Bur--I8. Stu. Fe. 13- Sn. Ari-h.. I. No. 17. 1.). .\[-50, Sta. Fe. GENEALOGY: Juliana Arcliilwqru-, Miguel Gnhnlilwin, Juana Maria (‘.nhald«'m. Torihin Luna. Maria Encar "ﬂmn 6. Sn. Arch., 1. p. 14. try 10- SD. Arvin. I. No. 13. Luna. Euncnin Chavez. Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Chavez. 16- Sn. Arr-11.. 1. No. 13. 7. DM. 1719, No. 9. Incomplete. 17. :\I-50. Sla. Fe. 18. B, sm. Fe. 19. Sn. Arch.’ loc. clt. 8. M-24. S. Ild. 9. Cf. El Pnlnclo, Vol. 54, No. 8. PD. 179-82; in this my ARCHULETA There were only two male adults of this name among the refugees of 1680, and both werecalled Juan de Archuleta. One was mar ried, twenty to twenty—six years of age, and withoutchildren as yet; the other, nineteen or twenty, was single and accompanied by his mother and many relatives.‘ Their de scriptionsare alike, hence they were most likely first cousins, one the son of Juan de Archuleta II and the other of Melchor de Archuleta.But which son belonged to which father is impossible to say. OneJuan de Archuleta apparently remain edat Guadalupe del Paso, for a person of this namewas living there after the Reconquest.” But he could belong to the family of Fran ciscode Archuleta and Bernardina Baca, the first Spanish couple married in the new Mis Slonof Guadalupe del Paso in 1678. (See Archuleta,preceding century.) A Juan de Archuleta, with his wife and g/1[‘_11d1'_°n. Was killed by Indians at the Janos 135Sl0n of Santa Gertrudis del Ojito in 1682." Was he a New Mexico refugee of 1680, or a Klemberof the Guadalupe del Paso family? nyway» Only One of these is mentioned among the Archuletas in New Mexico at the time of-the Reconquest and the years imme diately following. * * * * =l< =i¢ 3}: * JUAN DE ARCHULETA, the one who came back to New Mexico in 1693, was very likely the son of Juan de Archuleta II and Maria Lujén, since generally the natives who returned were the eldest sons of eldest sons, to reclaim their patrimony. His wife was Isabel Gonzdlez. In 1690,while still at Guad alupe del Paso, both were witnesses for a marriage." Juan had a sister, Antonia de Archuleta, who married Miguel de Herrera." In the Indian uprising of June 4, 1696,hap pening to be at Santa Cruz, Juan went to res cue Fray Blas Navarro at San Juan Pueblo, and brought him to Santa Cruz; then he went on the same mission to San Ildefonso, but found the Padres already murdered and the church sacked.“ He also carried out orders for Vargas regarding the protection of the people at Bernalillo and the loyal Indians of Zia Pu eblo.’ In 1698 and 1699 he received grants of land in Santa Fe and another at San Juan from Governor Cubero, and in 1697 and 1698 he purchased lands at Santa Cruz. He was [131] O ORIGINS or NEW MEXICO FAMILIES dead by 1703,when his widow acquired more Santa Cruz property._ In 1713she bought more land at San Juan next to the grant made to her husband, and again in 1715 she acquired a ranch in Santa Cruz; she also transferred title to some of her own land in Taos.5 On her Santa Cruz property were the ruins, visible in 1712, of the old church and government houses.” Isabel Gonzalez died at the age of seventy on October 16, 1729.” The Padre wrote her late husband’s name as “Luis,” probably a slip of the pen, as there was no one of that name old enough to be her hus band. A Luis cle Arehuleta, who married Ma ria Martin in Santa Cruz on November 14, 1718,“was very likely one of her sons, Known children were: Diego, Andrés, and Maria, wife of Miguel Martin Serrano. Diego de Arehuleta, young son of Isabel Gonzalez and her late husband, was accused in 1719of beating somebody’s wife.” He died at the age of forty on January 20, 1731,when he is mentioned as married,” but the names of his wife, or of any children they had, are not known. Andrés de Arehuleta, son of Juan de Archu leta and Isabel Gonzalez, was an Alférez al ready in 1715.” He was a member of the Con quistadora Confraternity.“ He and his wife, Josefa Martin, were sponsors for a child in 1713.”In 1711he was thirty-one years of age, and therefore an older brother of Diego." His known children were Juan, Hilario, and Asencio,the latter’s name harking back to the first Arehuleta of 1598.Evidently, there was also a natural son, Juan Antonio. * * :1: =9: =1: =1: * =1: Salvador de Arehuleta, who did not know Vlfhohis parents were, married a Juana Gar CW», of similar status in 1698 in Santa Fe.” He was thirty in 17019" Between 1710 and 1715he hauled vigas and other freight for the building of the parish church in Santa Fe . and the restoration of San Miguel Chapel.“ A daughter of his, Josefa, married Tomas Segura in 1730.“ Other Archuletas of the early part of the century were: Agustin de Arehuleta, married to Maria de la Cruz, whose daughter Ana Maria married Diego Velasquez in 1705.” ' Bernardo Pascual dc Arehuleta and Anto nia Martin were married on January 3, 1733.“ Nicolas de Arehuleta, twenty—five,husband of Antonia de Herrera-, died on July 25, 1749.“ Perhaps he was a son of Asencio Arehuleta and Lugarda Quintana, * * * * :1: * * * Juan de Arehuleta, son of Andrés de Archu leta and Josefa Martin, both deceased, and widower of Maria Valeria, married Maria Candelaria Cordoba in 1766.“ His children are not known. Hilario de Arehuleta, son of Andrés de Arch uleta and J osefa Martin according to his last will, left a numerous progeny in Cuyamun gué. His first wife was Bernarda Trujillo, by whom he had five children, Antonio Diciano, Andrés Santiago (died in infancy), Bernardo Antonio (died in infancy), Julio Antonio (died in manhood), and Felix Victor, living and married?“ Hilario and Bernarda were married on May 3, 1734.“ Julio Antonio, born on April 22, 1741,married Margarita Lucero on November 1, 1766.“ Felix Victor married Barbara Gomez del Castillo on May 13, 1774, and died on December 3, 1789.2” , Hilari0’s second wife was Antonia de Onti veros, who bore him five more children: Ma ria Isabel, Juliana de la Encarnacion, Bernar do Antonio, Juan and Bernardo Crisostomo. Part of his estate also went to the children of his deceased son, Julio.-“' A son by this wife, Cristobal Marcelino, not mentioned in the will, was born on June 6, 1755,and inherited land next to that of his sister Juliana.“ Maria Antonia de Ontiveros had a first hus band, Juan Andrés Gonzalez, by whom she had children. She died in 1806:” Asencio de Arehuleta is mentioned in Hi lario’s will as his brother. He married Lugar da Quintana, by whom he had three children, Cristobal, Juana Josefa, and Nicolas Marcos, [132] 5--«_. IN THE l*)lGll'l‘l')l')N'l‘l[ CENTURY according to 21will she made in 174!) when /\_,-mciowas absent from l\Icw Mexico.“ Lu gardadied on June 10, 1749, at the age of 505” * ,, * =9: :1: =1: =1: ,4: Iuan Antonio Archuletcx claimed Juan An drésde Archuleta as his father by his mother “N0”. 1' pp_ 157, 119; II, pp. 71. 116, (31, 106-7, 1‘..‘£). ml. 1699, No. (5; 11.1}, Nu..U. AGN, Prov. lnt., t. 3.2, p. 5.3. ml, 1690. No. 1. Sp. Arch., II, No. 298. Old Santa Fe, Vol. III, pp. 332-73. ' . IL“. 17.'ln, urmumhcrcd. ". l|)|(l.. 170;”),N0. 11. . )1-50, Sin. Fe. "1 . Bur-1l'.2. Stu. (.‘rn1.. . l).\l. 1766, unnumbered. ' . ’l‘\\'lt. Cull. Nn, 1S()_ Ibld. sp_ A1-rI|., 1, Nos. 293, 311, 1136. Doc. lllst. do l“(‘K., p. 193. .. . llur-16. Nnnllic‘, M. S('(‘. ‘.28.1l1ld.: M-25. S. lld. GENEALOGY: Jullo Arclmlt-tn. Maria Itgnncla Archulcta. .\lnria Joscla Quintana, Desiderio Roybal, Rom aldo Roybnl, Nicolasa Roybal. Fr. A. Chavez. 29. )I-25, S. lld.; B-33, Sta. Cruz, Bur. Sec. Bur-33. Sm. Cruz. DM, 1718, No. 8, incomplete. Sp. ArclI.. II, No. 298. Bur-32. Sta. Cruz. Sn. Arch.. 1, No. 311. 30. Twit. COIL. Inc. cit. . N'u‘nln'-. 13. Sec., Twit. Coll., Nos. 29. 40. 32. Twit. (70 , No. -10. 3!}. Sn. An-lI.. I. No. 968. 01.0. p. 72. 34. Bur-32, Sta. Cruz. 3.’). Sp. AI'('ll.. II, No. 354. and Juana del Rio. 36. Ilild.. I, No. 24. B-33. Stu. Cruz. April 20. mi, 1711, No. 2. lhld.. 1698. No. 9. Ibld.. 1701. No. 1. E5.°°.*".="°=1‘:”-S-‘°!~“2‘-°‘ '‘‘' . 8...»-._...-._.._-_-._.._nau:;n..:c;:.-:.s¢..:...1... who was known as "La Mala llora." lle had been known as “Juan /lntonio do Ins Rios” until her death, when he changed his name.-“" In 1742 he was asking for land in Santa Fe.‘“‘ He died on June 17, 1755,at the age of seven ty; his late wife had been a Maria Carvajalf” OLC, pp. 39, 72-3; Kubler, p. 19. See family of Diego Velasquez 37. Bur—22, Pojoaque. ARELLANO CRISTOBALDE ARELLANO deposed that hewas born in La Villa de Aguas Calientes in NewSpain, and was twenty-one years of age in 1695.‘In 1698, then twenty-four and sta tionedas a soldier in Santa Fe, he married GracianaRomero, eighteen, the daughter of CaptainFrancisco Romero and Francisca Ra mirezde Salazar. His own parents were Nico lésde Arellano and Leonor Ruiz de Esparza, both deceased.’ In 1702, Cristobal was sta tioned out in the Acoma-Zuni country,“ and two years later he was a Captain and Alcalde Mayor of Santa Cruz.‘ He was Alcalde Mayor of the Pueblos of Santa Ana, Zia, and Jemez, in 1716.5 D31. 1693. No. 13. ")lll.. 1698. N0. 2. Bancroft, NI\l0.. 1702. ‘I-"'.“:'-".9!" Sp. Ar-ch.. I, No. 1339. NMIIR, Vol. VI. No. 2, pp. 160-66. ARGUELLO nmNDEARGmuLQasmmmof&mm Fe in 1716, was a native of Zacatecas and twenty-five years of age.‘ He was the son of Joaquinde Argiiello and Juana Gutierrez. In 1715he married Juana G7=egoria-Brita? He might have come with the colonists of 1695 withhis parents, or at least his mother; a sis ter of his seems to be a Juana de Dios Gutier rez,‘natural daughter of Juana Gutierrez of Zacatecas, who married a Cristobal Montoya in 1716.3 A daughter, Juana Gertrudis, married Luis Francisco Leyva, on July 23, 1731.‘ His son, in all likelihood, was Juan José, whose family with that of old Juan was among the first settlers of Trampas inl751." Juan himself, “more than eighty years old,” was still living [133] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES z1t'l‘ra1npasin 1776, the person chiefly instru mental in gathering contributions for the The” 30“, Juan. Salxnador,was born on Feb ruary 20, 1745)." church there.“ Juan José de Argﬁello was a pioneer resi dentoi San José de Gracia (Trampas) ,Picuris jurisdiction, living there in 1753 with his wife, Joaquina Rodriguez, daughter of Mel chor Rodriguez and Clara de Villaroel.’ He and Joaquina were ‘married on October 13, 1746.3 1. D31. 1716. No. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ib|d., 1715, N0. 9. IhId., 1716, No. 16. M-50, Sln. Fe. Sp. A1-clI., I, No. 975. I Esteban Rodriguez Argiiello, living in Isleta in 1757 with his wife, Juana de Mat-a Espi nosa, had a daughter, Teresa, who married a Juan Luis Romero of Santa Cruz.” He was, to all appearances, a younger brother or a son of Melchor Rodriguez who had been reared by Joaquina and her Argiiello hus band. 3NM- Leg. 10. No. 43. Plcurls. Slh Arch-. 1. No. 1049. M450. Sm. Fe. nu Sm. Fr. 0. 31-11, Isleta, July 17. "‘S99°.".°‘ ARIAS de QUIROS DIEGO ARIAS DE QUIROS, a native of Asierain Asturias, was one of the soldiers re cruitedin Spain by Vargas. His parents were Juan de Quiros Prieto and Ynez de Arias. He was the Real Alférez in Santa Fe when he married Maria (Ana) Montoya-, widow of Ni Diego had founded the Confraternity of the Poor Souls in Santa Fe, leaving the interest of the proceeds of his house to its suffrages.’ He had also been a member of the Confrater nities of La Conquistadora and San Miguel.“ colés Marquez, on July 20, 1694.1He was ac A Francisco Arias Quirés was living at Santa Cruz in 1735,“but nothing more is known about him. tive in the campaigns of his day and received important grants from the Governor.“ In 1695 a process regarding bigamy was instituted against him, but the charge seems to have been proven false? Ana Maria Montoya died in 1712,and Diego then married M-aria Gomez Robledo at San Ildefonso on July 28, 1714.‘ It is not known if he had any children by either wife; he is re ferred to indirectly regarding descendants of his first wife, and her own first husband? In 1746his widow sold his Santa Fe estate, the block east of the Governors’ Palace, to Ber nardino de Sena.“ It was recalled in 1776 that DM, 1695. No. 32. §|};NA|'¢1I-y ' ' M‘ ..1. I Nos. . 294. . "etc. D“! -1711‘?!Nnrugz. t 59.). f. 293v. .¢‘.”‘:“.~'—’.'°."‘ See Nlcnms M:'|rqm*z. SP. Arch.. 1, No, 846_ * * Si‘ * =k * * * The earliest Arias people (without Quirés), appearing in Santa Fe in the middle of the century, were as follows: “’ Toribio Arias and Bea-triz ——~———— had a child, Maria Luisa, August 31, 1749. José Miguel Arias and Ana Maria Luz Scienz had four sons: Manuel de la Merced, September 30, 1749; Francisco de la Concep cion, November 28, 1762;Bernardo de la Con cepcién, December 9, 1765; and Diego de la Encarna-cién, April 4, 1767. 7. 8. 9. 10. Arlm lunlu. RN31. leg. 10. No. 43. Miscellaneous. OLC. p. 69', Kublcr, p. 19. Sn. An'h.. I. No. '20. ’ All In 1!, Sta. I":-. Perhaps their nnccstnr xvns NI:-nlus of Zncntecas. See wife of Vfuzqucz «In In Cruz, Junn An [134] l 5;;_ _ IN run iciC.i1'ri-:i-:N'rn CENV,-Unx. 9ARMENDARIS PEDRODE ARMENDARIS, a Lieutenant ofthe Company of Janos, was stationed at theSanta Fe garrison when he married Jo sefaOrtiz in 1809.‘ His transfer orders had beenissued at Chihuahua, August 3, 1807, and he reached Santa Fe in May, 1808.’-’ Josefa hadtwo children while in Santa Fe: José Manuel,December 19, 1819, and Enrique Franciscode Paula, July 15, 1822.3 In this year their father was an Alcalde of Santa Fe.’ In 1820Armendaris had been given a grant of land at Valverde, south of Socorro, which he was forced to abandon because of Indian depredations. He then left New Mexico for Chihuahua? 1. Int, 2- 1809, unnumbered. Sn. Arclh. 11. Nos. 2069, 2103. 3. B., Sm. Fe. 4. Sp.'Areh.. I, No. 58. 5. Twitchell commentary in Sp. Arch., 1, p. 335. ARMENTA ANTONIODE ARMENTA was a thirty six-year-oldresident of Santa Fe in 1732.‘ His wifewas Juana Beitia, sister of Manuela Bei tia. Their daughter, Manuela, married a J osé AntonioNaranjo on September 4, 1749.2They alsohad a son, Antonio. The father was one ofthe survivors of the ill-fated Villasur Ex pedition.”He died at the age of eighty-five on Nicolas de Arrnenta and his wife, Eulalta Sanchez, had a child, Ana Teresa, born Janu ary 30, 1750.’ Cristobal de Armentcx,also a contemporary of the preceding men, might have been a third brother. He married Francisca Tenorio December 10, 1779.‘ on April 13, 1735.5They had a daughter, Ger trudis Ynez, January 30, 1750.” Luisde Armentc: died in Santa Fe on Janu ary 3, 1756,at the age of sixty.5 Being a con temporaryof Antonio, he was very likely his brother,but their origin is not known. Luis had owned a tract of Santa Fe land on the roadto Pecos since 1732; it was claimed by his son, Nicolas, in 1759, who was married andhad children at the time.“ Antonio de Armenta II was a Santa Fe sol died in 1765.” The son of Antonio de Armen ta and Juana Beitia, he enlisted when he was twenty—five, in 1756.“ He acquired a grant in the Jémez country in 1789,” and by 1805was gagn,-swnga Bancroft. NMO. 1732. 511-Arch.. II, No. 437; M-50. Stu. Fe. mi, 1720. No. 4. ‘ “"1"-48. Sta. Fc. Ihld. 59- Arch. I. No. 357. Alcalde of the Jémez area.” 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. B, Sin. Fe. l\l-50, Sin. Fe. B, Stu. Fe. Sn. Arcl|., II, No. 579. IISNM, Mil. Papers. 12. Sp. Arch.. I, No. 52. _ 13. lbld., II, Nos. 1914, 2303. {135} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FA’/IILIES ARMIJO (Darrin de Armijo) JOSE DE ARMIJO and his wife, Catalina Duran, were natives of Zacatecas who arrived with the Zacatecas colonists in May, 1695, with their four sons: Antonio, Marcos, José, and Vicente, all of whom used the double surname of “Duran de Armijo.” José was dead by 1706,when Catalina Du ran was referred to as his widow and fifty 1710." He gave his age as thirty in 1718, and Santa Fe as his place of residence.” In 1710 he worked on the restoration of San Miguel Chapel in Santa Fe." He had a son, Antonio,” and a daughter, Rosa. It seems as though the mother died young, for Jose had given the girl to the childless wife of Antonio de Ulibarri. José was still living in 1732 when Rosa was suing years Old.‘ Ulibarri for her adopted mother’s inheri tance.” Antonio Durcin de Armijo, eighteen, born in Zacatecas, the son of José de Armijo and Catalina Duran, was residing in Santa Fe when he married Maria Quiros on October 17, 1695.She was also eighteen, the daughter of José de Quirés and Maria de la Cruz, na tives of Sombrerete? A literate man and versed in medicine, Antonio appears in many documents either as a notary or a physician, being known as “el Maestro Barbero.” In this capacity he is met either in Santa Fe or in Santa Cruz. As early as 1695 he gave his of fice as that of a “barber.” By 1731 he was a sergeant of the militia, then fifty—eightyears old.‘ He belonged to the Conquistadora Con fraternityﬁ His burial entry refers to him as the “Master Barber” when he died on June 22, 1753,more than eighty years old.“ His known children were Antonio II and Juan, and a girl Ynez, who is mentioned in a document of 1724.“ Marcos Durém de Armijo, twenty years of age, a native of Zacatecas and the son of José de Armijo and Catalina Duran, married To masa de la Parr-a, also twenty, on February 3, 1698.’ Both are mentioned together in 1716 and in 1731when acting as sponsors.“ There are several early marriages and bap tisms of Armijos in Santa Fe, not identifi able, who could have belonged to this partic ular family. - Iosé Durc’mde Armijo, brother of the above men, married Maria Manuela Velcisquez in {I36} Vicente Durém de Armijo, the fourth son of José de Armijo, deceased, and Catalina Du ran, was alreadymarried to Maria de Apo daca in 1706 and living in Santa Fe. At this time he gave his age as twenty-two, saying that his family was from Zacatecas.“ His wife _wasthe daughter of Juana de Apodaca, who had been captured as a girl by the In dians and used by them during her twelve years’ captivity; her little girl Maria was bap tized with Governor Vargas as her godfather when they were liberated in 1692. Vicente’s house was outside Santa Fe by the “Alto del Rio” in 1718.” He worked on the restoration of San Miguel Chapel in 1710."‘In 1739 he was given royal possession of land near Nambé which he later sold to the Ortiz family.” But he died as a resident of Santa Fe in 1743,when he made his last will. In it he mentions his wife, to whom he had been married for forty years, and their three sons, all named alike: Manuel cl Primero, Manuel tel Segundo, and Salvador Manuel el Tercero. The “second” Manuel and his mother were named as executors.” * * * -‘|= * =l~' ll‘ * Antonio Duran de Armijo II, son of the first Antonio and Maria Quiros, was living at Taos when he was killed by wild Indians in 1748.” In 1742 he had married Ba-rhara Montoya of Chimayo, the widow of Diego Romero of Taos. They were married only three years IN THE I«:IGII'1‘F.I-:N'rII CENTURY whenBarbarzi felt that she must make her last will. 'l‘h<~ir only living child, Barliura Gcrtru(li.s',was born shortly before her mo thcr’sdeath. She was three years old when Antonio was killed in 1748. She became the wife of Manuel Vigil, pioneer resident of Ranches de Taos.” IucmDuran de Armijo, also a son of the first 1Antonio,was taken to Chihuahua as a boy by his grandfather, José Quiros. He must have beenbrought back after his mother applied forhis return in 1715.” Juan’s young son, José Antonio, served as a blacks-mith’s apprentice to his uncle An tonioof Taos, for whose forge he was peti tioning in 1748.“ The names of Juan’s wife andhis other children, if any, are not known. * * * * =l< >l¢ * * JoséAntonio de Armijo, who married Maria Antonia Fernandez on April 6, 1729,” was mostprobably the son of José D. de Armijo anda brother of Rosa, or Rosalia, who was a witnessof his marriage. This Rosalia married 3 Juan de Leyba in January of the following year.“ * * =l< * * * * * SalvadorManuel de Armijo, apparently the “First,”son of Vicente D. de Armijo, caused a great commotion in Santa Fe and Albu querquewhen he wooed and married Fran ciscaBaca against the will of her father, An tonioBaca, and the sentiment of higher “so ciety”in the Kingdom, They were married at Albuquerque on August 10, 1733.“ A more solemnceremony took place in 1735, and the fact was officially noted in Santa Fe."-5 Alfonso, a boy who died on September 22, 1737,the son of a Manuel Armijo, might have beentheir child?" By 1748 they were living in Nambé,where Lucia Antonia was born on July 9. They were still there in 1754 when theyacted as sponsors for a child on January 23-" What other children they had is not known. Salvador Manuel de Armijo, “the Second,” son of Vicente D. de Armijo, and who had been executor for his father’s will in 1743, (h'(-w ll])l1l.‘~10\Vl1will in 1764, in which l1(‘l‘(‘— fers to himself as the “second" son of that name. From it we have a comprehensive pic ture of his entire family.“ He had married Francisca Alfonsa Lucero de Godoy in Santa Fe on October 19, 1734.” According to the will, he had been a poor soldier who by hard work had acquired plenty of worldly goods in Albuquerque, where his military duties had taken him. There he reared twelve children, whom he named, in part: Vicente, Ana (An tonia), Manuela, Maria de la Luz, Santiago, Pablo, José, Isabel, and “four other little ones, all legitimate,” which he left in the care of his brother, Manuel de Armijo.“" His wife, Francisca Alfonsa, and their eldest son, Vi cente, were named executors of the estate when he died on December 4, 1764.“ Data on the above-named children are as follows, showing how a great part of the fam ily intermarried with that of Diego Antonio Duran y Chavez. Vicente married Barbara D. y Chavez in September, 1769;“ Antonia mar ried Antonio D. y Chavez, November 24, 1774;“ M-anuela married Pablo D. y Chavez, January 12, 1776;“ Maria de la Luz became the wife of Francisco Antonio Candelaria, August 28, 1767;“ Pablo married Josefa D, y Chavez in 1775, this girl a daughter of Igna cio D. y Chavez;-‘“José married Maria Guada lupe D. y Chavez on June 16, 1774;" Isabel married Bernardino D. y Chavez, April 20, 1769;” Santiago might be the one who mar ried a Rosalia Chavez on February 2, 1782.” Nothing is known for certain of the four mi nor children placed in their uncle’s care. Salvador Manuel de Armiio [“the Third,” by elimination], when ten years old, in 1720,was placed by his father Vicente as an apprentice under a José Garcia of Guadalupe del Paso, to learn the tailor’s trade; after four years he would get a master’s certificate.” Did he re main there and marry, thus being the “Man uel Duran de Armijo,” husband of Ignaeia Molinar. who died there on May 21, 1747?“ Or did he return to Santa Fe, and is he the following person? [137] ORIGINS OI“ NIEVVlVll').\'lCO I"/\MIl.Il‘}S Salzratlor ll/1a'nu.ctdc la. Cruz Armijo mar ried l?.o.x'ulia I?()m.(’7‘o on October 2.‘), 1735."-' Some of their children were born in Santa Fe: Suhvudur Mum(.<.'l,April 7, 1749; Maria Geronima-, May 21, 1754; Maria Valvanem, January 14, 1756; and Maria Joscfa, April 6, 1752.”Maria ./lntoniu was bapti'/.ed at Nambé on April 17, 1758.“ Their father died in Santa Fe in November, 1761, at the age of forty—five;”' If this age is correct, he could not have been the boy sent to Guadalupe del Paso. Their mother, men AGN, )lex., Inq.. t. 735, I. 297. S). 10. 11. 12. 13. H. J5. scores of contemporary individuals were named “Manuel” or “Salvador,” or both names combined and interchangeable. 28. Sp. Ar:-h., I, No. 246. 22'). M-50. Stu. Fe. 30. Sp. Ar:~l1.. loc. clt. 1).“, 11598, No. 12. 31. Bur—2. Allmq. Sp. ArclI., I. No. 731; B-2, Albuq., Mar. 27. .'l.‘l. M-3. Alhuq. I)“, 1710. Nn. 14. ll)Id.. 1718, Nn. 1. Kubler, pp. 17, 20. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 979. Ih|d.. Nn. 236. AGN, lm‘. cit. Sp. Areh., II, No. 291. ‘ in 1762, (lied on /\u_L:ust 6, 178.‘), when it was rem:u'ke<l that they had been from San(li.'1.““ The question remains: was this Salvador Manuel one of the three sons of Vicente, or a first cousin of theirs? A serious problem with the Armijo family, both in the north and in the Rio Abajo, in this century as well as the following, is that 25. M-50, Stu. Fe. 26. Bur-I8. Sin. F0. 27. Bur-16. Nnmbé, B. see. D.\l. 1695. No. 12. I|)id.. No. 22. Bum-rofl. N.\lO, 1731. 01.0, pp. 70-72. Bur-J8. Stu. IF:-. .1. Sp. An-h.. II. No. 334. .°°.“=‘-?-.°"r‘*f*’!°!" tioned in connection with her brotlicr, Joa quin Romero, 3'2. l).\[, 1769, in Albuq.. no number. 31. lbld.; also D3]. 1776. in Albuq.. no number. 35. M-3. Alhuq. 36. DM, 177.‘), in Alhuq.. no number. 37. lb|d.. 1774', in Alhuq., no number; .\l-3. Albuq. GEY\'I-‘.AL OGY: Just‘ I)ur:’In do Amiljo, l\Iziri:1 Isabel Armijo. .\Iaria Rita 'l‘nrrvs. .Ios(- Chavez, Eugenio Ch.’1vez, I-‘abian Chavez, Fr. A. Ch.’n\'e7.. O. 38. .\l—3, Albuq. (if). M-4, Albuq. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. lblvl., 11, Nos. 48, 240; BNM, leg. 10, No. 43, Tans. lbId., II, No. 239d. lbid., I, No. 240. M-50. Sta. Fe. lbld. 24. Crespo, Pp. 302-343: entire story related by me In New Mexico Quarterly, Vol. XX, No. 4, pp. 471-480. 40. Sp. Ari-h.. II, No. 312. 41. Run, Gum]. del Paso. 42. 31-29. Stu. Cru1.. ' 43!. 11-62, Sin. Fe. '11. I!-16. Nanilil’-. ‘I5. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 46. Sp. Arch., II. No. 552; Bur-49, sm. Fe. AR T EAGA MANUEL DE ARTEAGA, a native of Mex ico City, married Isabel Lopez of Santa Cruz on March 29, 1761. His parents were Luis de Arteaga and Maria Manuela Perez, both de ceased.‘ He was Mayordomo of the Conquis tadora Confraternity in 1774.”In the census of 1790he stated that he was fifty-three years old, a native of Mexico City, and a resident of Isleta, and had a son twenty-three years old.“ This son, Gregorio, enlisted as a soldier in On October 5, 1797, as a resident of Belén and native of Mexico City, and widower of Isabel “Gabaldon,” he married Ursula Duran y Chavez of Los Padillas.‘ He was Alca-lde Mayor of the district when he and Ursula act ed as sponsors in 1802,“having held such posts in the Rio Abajo since 1785.7 M-29, sm. Cruz. ()l.(‘. p. 15. Sp. An-h.. II, No. 1092b. ll.\'.\')l. Mil. I’.'1pers. 1\l-I9, [~11-In; I).\l, 1797, mi number. 1792.“ -\!:;I;1."_.2l‘.'Ji-A [138] ll-:':l. 'l‘mm‘-. Feb. 7. Sp. /\l'l'lI.. I, NIIS. 1112, 20-1, 371, -162; II. Nos. 1815. ‘lH'..“.'l. IN THE lCl(ill’l‘l"Il'}N'l‘ll Cl'7N'l‘URY AR RAT IA Felipe -de Arratia is the only male of this name mentioned after the Reconquest. He was living in Santa Fe in 1703, but owned property between Santa Cruz and Chimayo.‘ Hiswife was Juana Martin.” He was living at Santa Cruz in 1712,"but seems to have left no descendants. _.____{:J 1. Sn. An-11., II, No. Bil. I, No. ‘.170; II, No. 1371). ‘.3. lhlil., ll. llild., I, No. 161. ATENCIO JOSE DE ATIENZA DE ALCALA Y ES COBARwas a native of Villa Berguera in the Arclibishopric of Toledo, and boasted at a son’swedding that he was a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic.‘ He and his wife,Gertrudis Sevillano de Mancilla came with the Velasco colonists of 1693, with two adult sons, Juan and Jose, and two minor ones,Manuel, fifteen, and Joaquin, thirteen.“ In 1698,old José signed his full name again during another marriage deposition, again mentioned his Dominican affiliation. and gave his age as forty-nine.“ He gave his age as sixtv-four in 1713.‘ In 1716 he was granted permission to return to New Spain.-" and it seemsas though the family did leave, except Iosé II and his family. and Joaquin, who seemsto have died before that time. luan de Atienza Sevillano, son of old Jose and Gertrudis Mancilla Sevillano, was born in Puebla. He was thirty years old and a. weaverby trade when he proposed to Maria Luisa Godines in 1696; the young lady, how ever,changed her'mind after the wedding de positionswere made. Juan had been married to Juana de Carranza, who died on the trip to NewMexico at the Real de Sacualpa on June 20, 1693.“ Juan is listed with his parents and brothers in the Velasco roll as a widower with two Sons: Cayetano, five, and Ignacio, one year old.’In 1710he stated that he was forty years old and had lost his wife at Sacualpa.“ He was official “Protector of the Indians” in 1715, asking for justice for the Pueblos as land grants were being made to the colonists.” Iosé de AtienzczSevillcrnoII, brother of Juan, was described in 1693 as a native of Mexico City at the Arch of San Agustin, seventeen years old, of medium height, fair, with an aquiline face and a mole on the left cheek. His wife was Estefcinia Trujillo, also seven teen, the daughter of Nicolas [Moreno Tru iillo]; she was born in Mexico City at the Calle Real, and had a round face, large eyes. and a small nose. They had no children, as yet, but brought along two of her small bro thers, José Damian and José Joaquin Tru iillo, whose parents came in the same colony.” Iosé, called “El M020,” and known also by his father’s long name, was thirtv—three in 1713;his wife gave her age as thirtv-six.“ In 1724he sued a Santa Cruz man for wounding him and his young son. Greaorio.” Other sons were Lcizaro. José, Cauetano.” and most likely Antonio, who married a Maria Romero of Taos in 1737.” T..d2a7'ode Atienza married Gertrudis Mm-— tin. widow of Bernardo Madrid. on Januarv 90. 1727.” and both were living at Oio Cal iente of Rio Arriba in 1735.” He made his will Jr] 1767 as Lazaro Atencio, leaving his vriic but no children." {139} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FA"/IILIES José de /iticnza 11.1nuirricd zxMziriu Manu ela Chzivez at Santa Cruz on October 17, 1734. He died in 1752,when his brothers and widow are mentioned, but no childrcnﬂ“ Nothing more is heard of the third of the four original brothers, Manuel de Atienzcx. HM. ‘lli.‘|(':, Nu. Joaquin do Ationza, fourth and youngest son of old Jose (le Atienzn, gave his age as twen ty-[ive in 1710, stating that he was born in Mexico City.” He married a Ma-Tia/insures, who was dead by 1737,when their daughter, Gxlbriela, married Marcial Martin?” '1-i. 1. Sp. Ar('h.. II. No. 196. l!.'\'.\l. |e_::. -1, Pt. 1, pp. 790-705. l).\l. 1693', No. 11. _ Sp. Ar4'h.. 11, No. 196. lbid., Nos. 262, 263. ‘.1. ll)l1l., NH. 3530. S. lhld.. No. 5213. 1. 5. 6. 17. 18. 19. '20. D31. 1696. N0. 14. BN.\l, Ion. cit. I—A-._.—4..4._._a DM, 1710, No. 4. .. Sp. Arnh.. I, No. 7. 10. BNM, loo. clt.; Sp. An-h., II. No. 54c. ~°?‘.“?‘S"P*f~*‘!°.*" 51-27. 5. Juan: Sp. Arch. 1, No. 760. M-‘Ell, Sin. Cruz. Sn. Arch., 1. N0. 20. lhhI.. No. 49. 31-21). Sin. Cmz; Sp. Arch., II, No. 522. DM. 1710, N0. 12. 31-27. S. Juan, August 28. AVILA Pedro de Avila, known as “El Piojo,” lived in Santa Cruz with his wife in 1708, having resided in Santa Fe in 1703.‘It could be that he was the Pedro de Aguilera described among the colonists of 1693; anyway, neither name appears in the next generation. 1. Sn. Arch., II, Nos. 137b, 930. AVILES Ignacio de Aviles, a thirty—year-old widow er, native of the Villa de Sinaloa and son of Andrés de Aviles and Maria de Vergara, asked to marry Maria Va-rela of Santa Fe, fif teen-year—old daughter of Francisco Varela and Antonia de Carvajal.‘ It is not known if the wedding took place, nor is the name seen afterwards. 1. DM, 1698. No. 4. incomplete. AYALA Miguel de Ayala, single, was one of the original settlers of Santa Cruz in 1696.‘ He was perhaps closely related to, if not the son of, Angela Gonzalez, widow of Francisco de Ayala, a Colonist who did not reach New [14o} Mexico, having been shot at the Villa of Je rez in New Spain. Angela then married Mel chor de Herrera in 1696.3Miguel might have changed his name to Herrera. 1. 2. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 817. l).\l. 1606. No. 11. IN 'I‘I[F. l'Il(?ll'l‘l'll".N’l‘ll Cl".N'l‘Ul{Y BACA IGNACIO BACA (see preceding century) diedsome years prior to the Rcconqucst. His widow,Jua-na de Anaya Almazan, returned to NewMexico with her family, to be massacred in the Indian uprising of 1696, as also two sons,Alonso and Andrés, and two daughters, , Leonor,wife of Pedro Sanchez, and Rosa, not yet married. Of three surviving girls, Maria was the wife of Tomas Gutiérrez Carrera, Gerénimalater married Francisco Rodriguez iCalero, and Margarita became the wife of DiegoLucero de Godoy.‘ * * * * * * * * Marquez in 1735,by whom she was murdered in 174.0.” Antonio Baca married Maria de Aragon at Bernalillo on June 12, 1706,“ but later moved up to Santa Fe. Not only was Antonio accused of mistreating the Indians with his father, but his wife also.” She died on September 1, 1751,and he followed ten years later, on De cember 4, 1761,being then “more than eighty years old.”” Antonio had made his will in 1755,in which he gave the names of his par ents and his wife, and those of his son and Juana Baca, niece of Ignacio Baea and or— seven daughters with their respective hus phan daughter of JOSE BACA, murdered at bands: ” Guadalupe del Paso, returned in 1693 with her mother, Josefa Pacheco, and later marriedNicolas Ortiz II? Ana (Antonia) Maria, deceased, wife of Antonio Montoya; Maria. Francisca, wife of Manuel de Armijo;‘5 Juana, married to Fran * * cisco Montoya; Gregoria, wife of Mateo Roy MANUELBACA, surviving brother of Ig nacioand José, returned to Santa Fe in 1693 with his wife, Maria de Salazar, and a grow bal;‘° Ynez, wife of another Antonio Mon toya; Rosa, married to Antonio Ortega; and Maria, deceased. The only son, Pablo, was married to Lorenza Juana de Ribera.” Three of the girls had been born in Bema_ lillo before the parents moved to Santa Fe: Maria, July 19’ 1707, Maria Antonia’ DeCem_ ber 2, 1710; and Maria Francisco, August 17, 1712.” Their brother, Pablo (Antonio), mar ried Lorenza’ daughter of Felipe de Ribera andManaEmaaPamnmoonmny27ruse ’ ’ * * * * * * ingfamily. Soon after, he established himself 3?Bernalillo fm,1andS thast had be_1°nged to h1Sfather, Cristobal Baea. There in 1699 he. gavehis age as forty’! and there also a post’ Reconquest daughter was born “,1 17025 In 1716he gathered forty Queres Indians for the MW“‘h”m”g“a“dak°kdtheA”“W”“ que contingent.“ The Indians of the three Queres Pueblos of Cochiti, Santo Domingo, and San Felipe complained more than once ofmistreatment by him and his sons; for this causehe was deprived of the Alcaldia of Co chiti’in 1718 and.sentenced to go on the next two forays against infidel Indians.’ Both he and his wife were dead by 1727.‘ His sons were: Antonio, Juan Antonio, DiegoManuel, and Cristobal. Hisdaughters were: Maria Magdalena, who married José Vasquez de Lara in 1694; Juana and Josefa-, who, though unmarried, have Prominent descendants; and a second Maria Magdalena, born on June 5, 1702,“who marriedDiegoAntonio Montoya, and then a Juan Juan Antonio Bctca,the second son, married Maria Gallegos at Bernalillo on August 2, 1716,” by whom he had one daughter, Teo dora.“ He next married Petronila Garcia Ju rado, by whom he had two children: Juan Francisco and Rafaela.” This Rafaela became the wife of Diego de Torres,“ and then of Baltasar Baca. Diego Manuel Bcxca, the third son, lived with his wife, Maria de la Vega 3/Coca, at La Canada de Guicu (La Ciénega). He made his will in 1727 in which he named his deceased parents, his wife, and his three children: [141} CRISTOBAL BACA ANA oizrfz I Simon de Abendaﬁo - MARI’/1onriz BACA ISABEL DE BOHORQUES BACA — Pedro D. y Chaves ANTONIO BACA—YumarPerez de Bustillo IT1Am'AoR'rI'z ABENDANO — Diego de Vera , GERTRUDIS BACA _Antonio MARI}; omiz ALONSO BAC.-X__'__ DE VERA _ Diego Montoya ___jr_?:_ Jorge de Ver:-1' Fernando D. y Chaves I —(Mari'a)de Cavrvajal (Luca; IvIonzoya)— Francisco Trujillo Ana. Moreno dc Lara— CRISTCB.-XL ':’.i.C.l. Ii Bernardina de Salas y Trujillo‘ — Andres Hurtado . JUANA ORTIZ BACA Andres Gdmez Robledo Isabel Jorge lie VETS Antonio M°n‘3ﬁ° L Francisca Gdmez Robledo Ignacio Roybal ———T————— , R M‘.”“‘ °9. bul Miguel de Archibeque ,l Lucia Hurtado de Salazar -— Fernando D. y Chaves ll L L _ } , NicolasSe Chgves lano I J1“1’“1‘ °" JUANANTONIO BACA « Petronila Garcia Jurado 1 Juan Manuel Gabaldon if ‘it. Ilgustina Silva. Pedro Tafoya Miguel Gabaldzfn Genrudis Chaves J u ’ G b (dd “‘;1‘;1S':3,‘Er‘:;'i';ue“L|‘:na ” .’ »[ ' Miguel I\lonto_\'a _ | Mari’: ._. -71““‘“Care” " [ Barbara Montoya - Manuel Luce,-0 A‘v!3l-lar.-..'T;.'res Manuela Lucero , TOMAS 1BACA . — ———1-_ 5 ISABELB__'1(_‘_.1_}.“.:H,_-_:“~ ': - PABLO BACA | Tonbm Luna luﬂﬂllcldv Monzavio LucfgCffm,-es Jbsela Nxiﬁez Mariano Chaves Manuela Romero Lugard“ T°f°y“ ' PAULIN BACA .l¢se'\'a'.i.g.i:: _. _.ra JOSEFABACA ——-—,—e V M’g“°lL”°“° JUAN FRANCISCOBACA CristdbalChaves —.‘-lA.\'L'EL ':‘.1.-CA .‘..i'.~3G.').‘%LE.7 i R.OS"1BACA #7:’: F"°""‘5"° M‘“'“" de Salazar l Franclsm de Chaves BACA Antonio de Chaves Francisco Silva TadebRomero Juliana Antonia Archibe',aue' , JU4,“ ‘ _ BM-A,, ANTONIA G‘-”’“'"di5Chaves /fntonia Chaves _ 1 Maria Hurtado ']U’1NA'B“1CA . Isabel ‘_.J__‘:;.a , Jose Chaves I — l Maria Rita. Torres . Encarnacidn José ChavesLuna ll NIC.»lNOR.»l B.-1C.-1- Eugenio Chavez Fabi-in Ch-1'\’t‘Z — Nicolaxa Rnyhal BACA CHART ONE—This diagram, and the one following, present a visual picture of how one single family like the Bacas descended and transcended in the production of a Chavez-Roybal combination, so much so that two separate charts had to be made. Note how the preponderance of Rio Abajo people pushes the names to the right side of the page, while the Santa Fe—RioArriba ancestors in the chart following pull the names in the opposite direction. J cRisTo'i3ALBACA.i simo‘n de Abendar'io.-M.-IRIIA oI51'I‘z,B.4CA MAR{A ozzlrfz — ANTONIO B.-\CA—Yumar Péfre: de Busullo 3 l ISABEL DE BOHORQUES BACA — Pedro D. y Chaves ABENDAIVO — Diego de Vera ALONSO BACA (Lucia It ontoya)-—Francisco Tru‘illo E.. BACA Diego Hurtado_ Josefa de la Fuente Jacimo Pele-ez I"1"om_-$5 caxcja cr:'.i Hzvzado lE|'13Cl0‘ R°.V'b3l Antonio Trujillo M Lugs‘, Gem-4 _}s,1a;eoR.,_vba1 Tomas Antonio Sena GREGORIA BACA » Bernardo Tflljlllao Hilario Archuleta , IGVACL) BACA ggffeiii In Juana de Ariaya l Marta Hurtado de Salazar E MANUEL BACA mm-a Lu 5' (C,mm) M.-lR.G:~lF.‘l'I‘.-1 sac.-1 Francisco Palomino Renddn Sebasuarn Mjanfn Serrano V AIVTQNIO BAG!‘ ' Eslela Palomino Juan Felipe Rlbera L , gulio Archlileta Iargarita ucero L E Ig1|¢lCld . 2 r chulem Jose-Marga Quintana Maﬁa de Amgon I Antoni?) Rlbem G"3“'“"“ 5'3"" l ‘ D1980 l-“C970 ’ Margarita Martin Juan Padilla Marcos Lucero Antonia Gdme: clcl Castillo Micaela 7'adilIa Domingo Labadia . Manuel Rxbera — Josefa Labadia _ Juan Manuel Roybal Maria Josefa Quintana Jose’Maria Alan’ j Mar-1'41 Guadalupe Ribera Desi erio Roybal —— Maria Dolores Aim-id Romualdo Roybal — Monica Gonzalez Nicolnsa Rnubﬂl CP.!STOS.=.L EACA II A“‘°“‘° M°"‘°-"3 ' L Francisco Juan Ferndndcz Alan’ l L ( z , Mariano Roybal Malfluel Ala” , Loreto Om’: Velasquez M” ‘' J°5‘'f“ Om’ Am Moreno dc Lara — . -’ Fergigff Juana Montoya Ana Maria Cordoba C ' "PeIa'ez " Juan Ferlsggzez de la Pedre" l-lurtado Ma,-fa‘Hurfado ,Mm,garim Gdmez Robledo Francisca Gdmez Robledo C;-istébal )3. y chaves Catalina Dominguez de Mendoza Bernardina de Salas y Trujilh-Andre's I AM Jmge de g,-em AndresGomezRobledo 5315.3 Alonso Garcia de Noriega Fernando D. y Chaves I —(Marz'a) de Cca-1~a)al MARfA oR'n‘z DE VERA _ Diego Montoya GERTRUDIS B.-1C.-1—. Antonio Jorge de Vera JU.—l.\'Aonriz ANAonrfz — Fabiﬁn Chavez BACA CHART TWO—The first generations are the same in both diagrams. Then different children lines; but in some cases the same line contributes to both parents of this Chavez-Roybal combination. by the Bacas is a phenomenon that applies to practically every old New Mexico family. Certain ones separate groups or clans, due to social and regional influences, but the Baca influence cemented them start divergent This saturation tended to form all. ORIGINS or NEW MEXICO FAFIILIES Manuel, Nicolas, and Juan Esteban?" lle died ship; then Pedro /lntmiio, born September 25, on March 1733; Josefa /lpolmzia, March 29, 1736; Diego Antonio, June 3, 1738;Juan Domingo, Novem ber 3, 1741; José Antonio, February 23, 1744; and Maria Ignacia, April 23, 1746.” The daughters married as follows: Barbara Antonia married José Pablo Rael of Santa Fe, 29, 1727.’-"" Manuel married Leonarda Fernandez, then Margarita Tafoya in 1750, and finally Juana Silva in 1768.’-"‘ Nicolas married Teoclora Fer nandez de la Pedrera in 1747.“ Juan Esteban married Teodora Terrus.” Cristébal Baca, the fourth son, had been married to Apolonia de la Vega 3; Coca, who died at the age of thirty-three on March 7, 1734.”He then married Manuela Marquez at San Juan on November 9 of the same year.” In his last will, drawn up before he died in 1739,“ after declaring his parents and two successive wives, Cristébal outlined his four teen children. By Apolonia Coca: Juarna (dead), Juana Maria, Antonio (dead), Marina de Jesus, Rosa, Nicolasa, Diego (dead), José Francisco, Cristobal Silvestre, Juan Antonio, and Antonia Rosaura (dead). By Manuela Marquez: Juan Tomas (dead), Agustina, and Maria Francisca.“ Iuana Baca, daughter of Manuel Baca and Maria de Salazar, and sister of the preceding four men, had two daughters, Juana, “la Moza,”who married Francisco Duran y Cha vez,“ and Antonia, who became the second wife of his brother, Antonio Duran y Cha vez.“ Relationships of mother and daughters are deduced from Chavez family charts.” Iosefa Baca, sister of the above Juana, made her last will in 1746, leaving her Pajarito property to her six natural children, all Bacas: Antonio, José, Domingo, Manuel, Rosa, and Isabel.“ ' The marriages and families of her four sons are treated below. As for the girls, Rosa married Miguel Lucero,“ and Isabel married Francisco Padilla.-"3 * =I= * =1: =9: V =1: 4: =0: Antonio Baca, eldest son of Josefa Baca, married Ménica dc Chavez in Albuquerque, June 16, 1726.3"They had the following chil dren. First of all, Juan Antonio and Barbara Antonia, who together establish the relation [1443 and then Juan Bautista Duran.“ Josefa Apo lonia became the wife of Clemente Gutiérrez, and Maria Ignaeia married Francisco Trebol Navarro. Of the sons, Juan Antonio, brother of Bar bara Antonia and uncle of her son Nicolas Rael de Aguilar,“ married Maria Romero. Diego Antonio married Juana Saenz Garvisu, October 17, 1759,“ by whom he had at least eight children up to 1786; he was a .Ma-yor demo of La Conquistadora with Francisco Trebol Navarro in 1773.“ Juan Domingo mar ried Loreta Garvisu in 1765, and then Ger trudis Ortiz in 1782,“ having five children by the first wife and eleven by the second. Iosé Baca, second son of Josefa Baca, and his wife Josefa Gallegos had one son and four daughters when he made his will in 1766: José Antonio, Barbara Antonia, Ana Maria, wife of Juan José Chavez, Maria Isidora-, and Maria Rosa. One of the other three girls [Isidora?] was married to a Vicente Armijo.” Diego Domingo Baca, who married Juana Chavez in 1736,” was most likely the third son of Josefa Baca; however, no definite con nection can be made. They had twelve chil dren. Of these, Juana Maria married José Chavez in 1758,Maria Febronia married José Manuel Silva in 1757,” and José Antonio married Victoria Ana Chavez in 1784.” In this same year their father took a second wife, Antonia Montoya.“ Manuel Baca, who married Feliciana Cha vez, daughter of Antonio D. y Chavez and Antonia Baca, February 22, 1746,“ seems to be the fourth son of Josefa Baca. He lived for several years at Laguna Pueblo as Alealde Mayor. His children were: Antonio Vicente, born March 28, 1748,who married Maria Ger IN T11E l')l(}ll'l'l'Il£N'l‘ll trudis Siiliclivy. on May 31, 1775;"-‘ Nmcisa, horn Nov(‘mlwr 2.‘), 1750, and Jo.x-(5/intrniin, April 18, 1753;"-"Maria de la Luz, who married Pedro Sanchez, October 25, 1761;“ Maria Jo sefa, married to José Silva, October, 1787;“ and Antonia, who became the wife of Antonio Sedillo, July 1, 1770.5“ :9: * >l= * =k * * It Ignacio Baca, whose parents cannot be as certained, married Margarita Romero on Oc tober 29, 1737, with Diego Domingo Baca and Juana Chavez as witnesses." They had at least four children, of whom Diego Antonio married Maria Antonia Sanchez in 1776, and MariaCatalina married Pedro Antonio Durén y Chavez in 1772.58He might have been a son of Juana Baca “La Vieja,” daughter of Man uel Baca and Maria de Salazar. * * * * -‘it * * * BernctbéBaca is often mentioned after the Reconquest, but it is not known who his par ents were. He is possibly the Bernabé Jorge, not heard of again as such, to whom Vargas granted the Pueblo Viejo at La Ciénega in 1. GENEALOGY: Margarita Baca. Marcos Lueero, Marga rita Lucero. I\iaria Ignacia Archuleta, Maria Joseia Quintana. Dlesiderio Roybai. C avez. Romualdo Roybai, Nicolasa Roybal, I-‘r. A. 2. GENEALOGY: Junnn Baca, Nicolas Ortiz III. Jnsefa Or tiz Bustamante. Jose Maria Alnri, Maria Dolores Alarld. Ro mualdo Roybai. Nirolasa Roybai, Fr. A. Chavez. . Sp. Arch.. 1. No. 1136. DM, 1699, No. 2. B-13, no-m.. June 5. Sp. Areh., II. No. 250. . M-50, Stu. Fe: Sp. A1-eh., II. No. 437. . B-I3. m~m.. M. Sec. .. Sp. Arc|I., II. Nos. 287, 431. . llnr-48. Sin. Fe. . Sp. An-h.. I. No. 101. 15. Their love story. New Mexico Quarterly, pp. 471-480. CENTURY l7()l."” ()n lVla_y28, 1718, he marrierl Margarita Iirura (M(1i(I.).""’ lie was /llrulrln Mayor oi". Acoma and Laguna in the third decade of the century, and very unpopular with the Indians and missionaries.“ His son, Baltasar Baca, was as unpopular as his father when Alcalde Mayor of the La gunas.“ Baltasar married Manuela. Rael de Aguilar, July 17, 1738.“ In her will, drawn up at Isleta in 1758, she namedtheir six chil dren: José Francisco, Laureano, Miguel Her menegildo, Maria Isa-bel,Juana Leocadia, and Juana Vita!” After her death, Baltasar mar ried his second cousin, Rafaela Baca, the wi dow of Diego de Torres,“ by whom he had a daughter, Micaela, who married Antonio José Ortiz II.“ The Baca family is by far the most wide spread in New Mexico. While other old names, even the more common ones, are re stricted to certain family or regional group ings, the Bacas permeate all of New Mexieo’s people and history. 33. GENEALOGY: Juana Baca II. Lucia Duran y Chavez. Barbara Montoya, Manuela Lucero, Tomas Baca, Nieanora Baca, Fabian Ch;.'1vez. Fr. A. Chavez. 31. GI-ZNEALOGY:Antonin linen. Cristobal D. y Chavez. Ma riano Chavez, José Chavez, José Chavez II. Eugenio Chavez, l-'abi:'in Chavez, rr. A. Chavez. 3;’). Also, Sp. Arch.. II. No. 437; 1).“, 1766. in Aibuq.. José lint-u-Juana Ch:'n1>1.;lb|d., 1733, Juan Antonio Baca-llzirbarn illontoya. 36. Sp. Al'('h., I. No. 94; relationship deduced from lbid., Nos. 177. 1231: Crespo. Arniijo-Hm-a case; Chan-2 and Baca charts. 37. GENEALOGY: Rosa Barn. Manuel Lucero, Maria Manu ela Lucero. Tomas Baca. Nicanora Baca. Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Chrivez. 38. GENEALOGY: Isabel Barn, Francisca Padilla, Mariano Torres. i\iaria Rita Torres. Jose Chavez. Eugenio Ch:'n'ez, Fa bian Cli:'ivez. I-‘r. A. Chavez. -9--bf.) .:>Ao-- l—u.-Hi.-iacaoo-a mam Vol. XX, No. 4, 16. GENEALOGY: Gr:-szorln Baca. Mariano Rnybai. Juan Manuel Roybai. Desiderio Roybal, Romualdo Roybai. Nicolasa Rnybal. Fr. A. Ch.’wez. 17. Sn. Arvin, loe. clt. 18. B-13. Bem.: the first Bapt. Book of Santa Fe. where the other children appeared, has long been lost. 19. .\l-50. Sin. Fe. 20. 1).“. 1716. No. 10. 21. Sp. Arch., 1. No. 23Gb. 41. Sp. ArrlI., I, No. 1231; AGN. Tlerrus, No. 426. ff. 7-11. 42. 31-50. Bancroft. 43. Sta. l'\'.\i(), Fe. 1761; cf. Cnlwzn do Baca Family. 44. 43. 46. 47. -18. OLC, p. 11. 281-50, Sta. Fe. Sp. Ar:-Ii.. I. No. 1231. M--I. A|huq.. April '22; 31-11, I.-sic-tn. May 5. 31-11, Isl:-tn. 49. DH, 1761. in Albuq.. no number. 50. 31-3. Aibuq. 22. IbId.. II. Nos. 344. 592a. GENEALOGY: Juan Francisco “Mn. Pauiin Baca, Pablo Baca. Tomas Baca. Nieanora Baca. Fabian Chavez. Fr. A. Chavez. 23. IhId., No. 551221.GENEALOGY: Rnfneln Barn (stepmother of Nicolas Torres), Mariano Torres. Marin Rita Torres. José Chavez. Eugenio Chavez. Fabian Chavez. Fr. A. Chavez. 2!. Sn. ArelI.. I. No. 83; also. Nos. 109, 539. 2.1. Bur-48. Stn. Fe. 26. M-50. Sm. Fe; Int, 1768, in Albuq.. no number. 27. M-50. Sm. Fe: Sp. An-h.. 1. Nos. 109. 091. 28. Bapt. oi’ ehllrlren from 17551 in 1777, II, Sin. Fe. 29. llur-AIR, Rm. Fr. 30. M-Z7. S. Jurul. 31. Ihir-18. Stu. I-‘u-,May 4. 3'). Sp. Arr-h., I. No. 83. This Marin I-‘runrl.-«wnseems 351. 31-3. Aihnq. <10. These six in II-5'1, Isl:-tn. in he the one her certain. cousin Juan Francisco Baca (Note 22), but this who is bymarried no means 5]. mid. 52. B-57, Isleta; M-3, Albuq. 53. B-5'7. Isleta. 54. D31. 1751, in Albuq., no number; M-11. Laguna. 1).“. 1787, in Albuq , no number. 56. 31-12, Lnguna. 57. M-3. Allmq. 58. l).\[. 1776. 1772. in Aibuq., no number. These were the grandparents of Col. Manuel A. Chaves. 59. Sp. Art'h.. I. No. 732. 60. DH. 1718. No. 9. (ii. Sp. Ar«'lI.. ll. Nn. 391: llnnrruft. l'\',\l(|. 17.12. lIN.\i. I. leg. No. 12; Bur-iii. Lnuzunn. Jan. to Mar. 1772: Sp.62.Ari-h.. No. 1!). 523. 6.1. 31-50. Sin. Fr. Gi. Sn. Ar:-h.. I. No. 77-1. (17. D.\l. H62. in Aihuq.. no number: .\l-ll. lsirla. Sp. Arrh.. II. No. 592.1: Twit. ("u|l., No. 27 and another not66.numbered. [145] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES BACHICHA (See Durcin) BARRERAS Domingo de la Barrera, thirty years old in 1694,appears twice as a witness in that year. He was a native of Zamora, Spain.‘ But in several civil documents, 1694-1703, acting as an official, his name is spelled “Barreda.” It is not known if he married and remained in New Mexico. Manuel Barreda and Maria Garcia had a son, Juan Miguel, October 5, 1749; its spon sors were Marcial Barreda and Rosa Trujilloﬁ Marcial Barreda, or Barrera, married Rosa Trujillo on November 14, 1743.“ They had a son, Antonio Albino, April 8, 1752.5 Manuel Barrera and Maria Torres had two Ignacio Barrera and Micaela Lopez had two children, Salvador Vicente, January 20, 1727, children: Juan Miguel, May 18, 1748,and Ber nardino, June 1, 1752.“ The origin of these people is not known, and Antonio, November 15, 1733.2 nor their relationship with each other. :9: :1: =1: as * =9: :1: =9: 1. D“, 1694. Nos. 1, 23. 2. B-2, Alhuq. 3. B-57, Isletn. 4. M-ll, 1514-111. 5. B-57, lslcta. G. lbld. BARRIOS Juan Antonio Barrios was one of Vargas’ soldiers in 1696.‘He and his wife, Maria Gon 1. Old Sum Fe. Vol. III, pp. 332-373. zdlez, were living in Santa Fe in 1705. They had a step-daughter, Antonia Rodriguez.’ 2. D31, 1705, No. 11; AGN, Mex., Inq.. t. 735, f. 277.‘ BAZAN IGNACIO RICARDO BAZAN (or Basdn), a widower, and his brother, Juan Bazdn, sin gle, made a contract with the government in Mexico City, September 3, 1805, to come to New Mexico to teach the craft of weaving. They had to live in Santa Feand remain six years. With Ignacio Ricardo came his two sons, Francisco Xavier, fourteen, and José Manuel, ten.‘ Nothing more is heard of Juan, the brother, or of the two sons. In February, 1807, Ignacio Ricardo Bazén asked to marry Juana Apolonia Gutiérrez of [146] Pajarito, stating that he was born in Puebla, the son of Jose Bazén y Lobato and Josefa Alvarez y Trujillo, both deceased. His first wife was Ignacia Ledesma of Mexico City.’ He made a claim for some pay as “Master Weaver” in 1809.“ He and his Gutierrez wife had a son, Joa quin Alejandro, and a daughter, Ignacia Juana Paula, born June 27, 1809,"who mar ried a Manuel Baca.“ IocxquinAlejandro Bazdn married Maria Luz IN Ozliz,ilziughtcr of Antonio Ortiz. and Juana Gcrtruilis l5.'u'.'I."He died at the age of sixty ’V]'_"_v.H'|n.An-h.. H, No. '1‘ 11 I‘) F. I (: n '1' i«: I»: N ‘I'll c i«: N '1‘ U n Y four in Lns l’u<‘hlit.os, rm /\u;:u:.t 28, l87l, swim: tiInL.*z1l'tm' his wil'(".~; (|t'.'1l.h.‘ 1H.\‘;”y. 2, pm, 1307, no number. 3, sp. ArcJx.. II, No. 2198. 1H_5_"L;J "-72. 4. 1:, sun. Fe. 6. 7. Tmnf‘: hnpt. of lhvlr Cllllll, Jn:m I-‘mm-lst-n, Jun. 1, I!-12, Bur-'7, llel(-n; In-If-n. bapt. of their child, Illginin, Jan. 12. 18-14. BEJARAN O Tomésde Bejarano (Vejarano) gave his age as thirty-five in 1693.‘He was fifty-six when i he married a Teresa Madrid, or Perea, native of New Mexico of unknown parentage, in 1714.His parents were Nicolas de Bejarano and Josefa Ruiz de Ontiverosﬁ Tomas died at the age of seventy on May 15, 1731.3 1. 2. DM, 1693. No. 7. Ibld.. 1714, No. 1. 3. Bur--I8, Sta. Fe. BENAVIDES JUAN ESTEBAN DE BENAVIDES, origin unknown, seems to have been a soldier, or colonist, of 1695 who came with his wife, Maria.de Diezma. Or, as it happened in other instances,he died on the way from Zacatecas, and his wife reached New Mexico with her children. In 1695 she and Cristobal de Arel lano were sponsors for a wedding in Santa Fe.‘ Nicoléxsde Benavides, son of Juan Esteban de Benavides and Maria de Diezma, both de ceased,married Juana de Ojeda on March 4, 1702.He was a soldier stationed in Santa Fe.“ Hewas dead by 1739, but his widow was still living in 1762.3 Their children'were: Juan, Domingo, and Tomasa,wife of Francisco Valdés; also, per haps,a contemporary, José Antonio Benavi des. * * -or at -1- -9: all It Francisco Xavier Benavides, apparently a brother of Nicolas, had a son, Juan Antonio, by his wife, Jacinta Romero.‘ A soldier in Santa Fe of the same name declared in 1711 thathis wife had been Josefa de Tamaris, de ceased, and that they had one son, also dead? If the same man, the Tamaris woman might have been the first wife. * * * =l< * * * * Iucin de Bencxvides, son of Nicolas, is men tioned in connection with his sister Tomasa and brother Domingo in 1739, 1762, and 1770. He was a soldier.“ But nothing is known about his family. Domingo de Benavides, son of Nicolas, made his last will in Santa Fe in 1770.His wife was Francisca Lujcin, to whom he was married for twenty-seven years, They had ten children, eight of who-m are named: Juan Domingo, Maria de Loreto, José Manuel Victorino, Juan Antonio, Luisa-, Rosalia, José Manuel “el Vi torino,” and Bartolo. It seems as though Bar tolo was the only one living at this time! Jose Antonio de Bencrvides was very likely a brother of Juan, Domingo, and Tomasa. He was dead by 1766 when his widow, Josefa Montoya, made her last will. They had six children: Manuela, wife of Antonio Lucero, Xaviera, wife of Nicolas Garcia, Gertrudis, Ignacia, Antonio Gervasio, and Juan Domin [1473 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES go. lgnacia had been zitloptcrl by Mamlvla (Ms and (lau;§htcr—in-law of. '.l‘nn1asa do Benn U1‘iosl,c,"who was the wife of /\l(-j:1Ii(lm Val Vl(l(‘S. DM. 1695. N0. 2. umI.. 1702, No. 1. Sp. Arch.. 1. Nos. 90. 10-1. .>"5"!°':" 5. Sop. /\rrh., 1, Nn. Ittlﬂ, G. lhl(l.. Nos. 90, 104, 115. B-2, Albuq., Dec. 3, 1710. 7. lhld., No. 115. 8. lbldop NO. 569. BERNAL FRANCISCO BERNAL, sixty years old and a soldier at Guadalupe del Paso in 1691,‘ very likely returned to New Mexico with the Reconquest two years later, as well as the children and grandchildren of Catalina Ber nal who escaped the massacre with her in 1680. But no definite connections can be made. Antonio Bernal was living in Santa Cruz in 1729 when he sold some property in Santa Fe.“ He and a Maria Rosa (Romero) de Pe 1. 2. DM, 1691. No. 2. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 683. draza had acted as sponsors for a Taos Indian child in 1706.3 3!‘ =1‘: * >l< * IF ll: * Iosé Rarnén Bemcd, son of Buenaventura Bernal and Feliciana Montoya, was a native of Guadalupe del Paso who enlisted as a sol dier in Santa Fe, in 1806. He was twenty eight years old.‘ From the names of both par ents, it can be seen that he was a New Mexi can returning home a century after the Re conquest. 3. B-54. Taos. June 12. 4. IISNM. Mil. Papers. BETANZOS ANDRES DE BETANZOS (Bettancos) was a forty-year—old widower, the son of Don Ge ronimo and born in Mexico City, who joined the 1693 colonists with two grown sons. He was of medium height, bald, with a round face, large eyes, and a Greek nose. His sons were Francisco and Diego} In 1694 Andrés deposed that he was forty years old and a native of Mexico City? He was still living in Santa Fe in 1701. A frag mentary book of Santa Cruz has a “Memoria” by Andres dc Betanzos, Master Carpenter, and his sons Diego, nineteen, and Francisco, sixteen, for some work done.“ Francisco d-e Betcxnzos,born in Mexico City at San Francisco, was twenty years old in 1693. He had an aquiline face, a broad fore head, and a thick nose.‘ In all probability, he is a “Francisco Afdn de Ribera” who appears later on. (See Ribera.) Diego de Betanzos, also born in Mexico City, was nineteen in 1693, having chestnut hair, a small nose, and a mole on the cheek.“ A chantcr for the Padres, he was killed with them at San Cristobal near Santa Cruz in the Indian uprising of 1696.“ 1. 2. ml. mm. No. 6. Sn. An-h.. II. No. 5-10. 4 A ll>I«l., No. 5 . lhhl. 3. Sn. Arch” H. Nos. R0, 812; llur-Zlll. Slln. Crux, flylcnf. (3 [148] . ()I:I Hnntn 5«tc. l~'u-.Vol. III, pp. .'L'U-73 l N 'I‘ II E l£lGlI'l‘lu‘l')N'l‘II CENTURY BLEA CARLOS DIAS BLEA was twcnty—two in 1694,a native of Puebla, and married.‘ His Wifewas Pascuala de Herrera, daughter of a Maria Rodriguez.” They had two children, Francisco and Salvador. Francisco Dias Blect,son of Carlos Dias Blea and Pascuala de Herrera, was twenty-eight 1. DM, 1694. N05. 23. 24. 2. AASF. No. 16. years old and living in Santa Fe when he married a widow, Maria Gertrudis Muﬁiz, in 1722.3’ Salvador Dias Bleu, son of Carlos Dias Blea and Pascuala de Herrera, the latter deceased, married a widow, Antonia Anaya Almazdn, in Santa Fe in 1724.‘ 3. 4. DM. 1722. No. 1. lhId., 1724, No. 1. BORREGO DIEGO VASQUEZ BORREGO was in New Mexicoas early as 1733.‘ The following year he bought some land south of lsleta Pueblo? He had a wife in New Spain, and also a son, ManuelBorrego; this son married in Mexico City, Where he had six children, and later movedup to Chihuahua? During his first New Mexico sojourn, around 1733 and some years following, old Diegofirst sired two natural sons, Francisco andDiego, both of whom lived in Bernalillo andherded their father’s flocks from the year 1745(when he came to New Mexico “a sec and time”) until his death in 1753.4 Also during his first stay in New Mexico, Diegohad married a New Mexican woman, Rosa de Tafoya Altamirczno, who bore him two boys, one of whom died. The sole sur viving legitimate son was Juan Diego Borre go.-"Old Diego, “married outside the country” (a third time?), died in Santa Fe on May 10, 1753.“ Francisco Borrego,natural son, married Vic toria Mora; they had a daughter, Ana Maria, August 8, 1786.7 Diego Borrego, natural son, married Fran cisca Gurulé, by whom he had a son, Juan Domingo, July 4, 1763.3 (Iucm) Diego Borrego, probably reared by his mother’s family, the Tafoyas of the Rio Arriba country, married Vibiana Sandoval, by whom he had a child, Maria de la Luz, No vember lbld. Bur-I8. Stu. Fe. B—2,A.lbuq., Dec. 27. :59”?-7!" 7, 1787.‘-’ Sp. Arch., 1. No.\17B. Ibld., No. 103. Ihld. E°9°.‘*’S"5-" B-4, Albuq. B-3. Allmq. B-23. Poioaque. BRITO JUAN DE LEON BRITO, son of Juan Brito and Antonia Ursula Duran, had married Se bastzlanaMadrid at Guadalupe dcl Paso in 1692.‘At Santa Fe, on January 10, 1694,Brito, now a widower, married a Maria Granillo, of unknown parentage.‘ He was a member of the Conquistadora Confraternity; he and a Diego Brito made adobes for the reconstruc [149] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES tion of San Miguel Chapel in Santa Fe in 1710.“ . Brito and his Granillo wife had at least twochildren: Maria Magdalena, who married Antonio Olguin in Santa Fe in 1710;" and Juana Gregorio, who married Juan de Ar Pedro Brita, a native of New Mexico and the son of Antonio lsrito and Magdalena dc Dios, was married in Santa Fe to Maria Apo da(.'a de la Rosa, of unknown parentage, in 1706.3 giielloin 1715.“He was dead by 1732 when his widow, eighty years old, died on July 21 of that year.“ Brito’s ancestral property was in the Analco section of Santa Fe.’ Jose Brito, evidently a member of the fam ily, was still living at San Lorenzo del Paso in 1697.9 1. Int, 1692, No. 3. 2. lhId.. 1694. No. 12. 3. OLC, p. 70; Kubler, p. 20. 4. DM, 1710. No. 11. $°F°.*‘?‘$-7 Ih|d.. 1715. No. 9. Bur-48, Stu. Fe. Sn. Arrh., I, No. 85. l).\l. 1706. No. 2. lb|d., 1697, No. 5. BUSTAMANTE DON JUAN DOMINGO DE BUSTA MANTE was Governor of New Mexico for two terms, 1722-1731.He had been Lieutenant General for the Guadalupe del Paso area be fore being promoted to Santa Fe.‘ He was a nephew as well as son-in-law of another Gov ernor, Don Antonio de Valverde y Cosio.” Relatives of his, of the same name, followed himto Santa Fe, but their exact relationship is hard to ascertain, except for that of a bro ther, Francisco Antonio de Bustamx1nte3 who, however, is not heard of again. Don Bernardo de Bustamante y Tctgle was Lieutenant Governor under Don Domingo." He was a native of Spain, and thirty—seven years of age in 1745, when he was still resid ing in Santa Fe.-" He was either a younger brother or a nephew of the Governor, if not a son.His wife was Doﬁa Feliciana de la Vega y Coca, who on the occasion of a daughter’s wedding gave her full name as de la Vega Lazo Vique y Coca. They had two daughters who married in Santa Fe, Josefa and Rosa. Josefa became the second wife of Nicolas Ortiz III in 1751,“ when she was specifically referred to as an “adopted daughter.” Rosa married a son of this "Nicolas Ortiz by his first wife, Antonio José Ortiz, in 1754.It is very likely that both [150] girls were daughters of either parent by a former marriage. Bernardo was transferred to the Presidio of Goajoquilla in New Spain, where he and his wife were residing in 1776.’ José de Bustamante y Tcrgle was a resident of Santa Fe as late as 1757. He was a native of Aranda de Duero in Spain, the son of Juan Antonio de Bustamante y Tagle (Advocate in the Royal Councils) and Maria Antonia Bra cho Bustamante. He had a brother, Pedro Isidro, residing in Mexico City? He seems to be the same José Bustamante who married a Maria de Chavez, or Montoya, on October 7, 1728,” and then married again. He died on June 17, 1759.” In 1762his widow, Bartola Hurtado, made her last will. She declared that they had been married for twenty years, and that she was the natural daughter of Maria Hurtado. Her brothers were Santiago and José Hurtado.“ José and Bartola had five children: Ber nardo, José, Maria Antonia, Isidro, and Juan Antonio, the last one deceased. The chief ex ecutor of the will was Don Bernardo de Bus tamente y Tagle.” Other records of their children are as follows: Antonio, their infant son, died on June 17, 1750,” apparently the “Antonio Norberto" born eleven days before, on June 6; Maria Antonia Bernarda was born IN THE EIGll’l‘lL‘ENTIl CENTURY onAugust 23, 1752; and Pedro Isidro on April 30,1756.”Bernardo, José, and Maria Antonia second time, who had three children by Anas appear in a land transfer 1799; Policarpio, January 29, 1802; and José Maria, December 20, 1803." (,a-sia Griego: of 1767.‘-”‘ DonJosé d-eBustamunte was a secular priest who represented the Bishop of Durango as brother of Governor Bustamante, and is not heard of again after 1736, probably having rejoinedthe Governor’s family at Guadalupe delPaso or elsewhere in New Spain. * * * =|= * =i< * Bernardo Bustama-nte and Maria Lobato had a child, Maria Josefa Rita, February 22, 1767.Perhaps he is the same man, married a 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bancroft, NMO. 1731; Sp. Arch., 1. No. 13. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 1031; II. No. 319. Bancroft, Inc. cit. Ihld.; Sp. Arch., II, Nos. 437, 486. Bancroft, N510, 1745. GENEALOGY: Joseta Bustnmunte, Josefa Ortiz Eusta— mante. José Marta Alarl, Marla Dolores Alarld, Romualdo Roy bal. Nicolasa Roybal. Fr. A. Chavez. 7. BNM, leg. 10. No. 43. Santa Fe. 8. AGN, l\Iex., Inq.. t. 932, ft. 1-2. 9. M-60. Sta. Fe.; lbld.. Alire-Coca wedding. l\Iay 18. 10. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 21, Pedro Antonio Bustamante and Ana Anto nia dc Armijo had a girl, Domingo, August 10, 1763——two years later, a “Pedro Bustamante” (same man?) and Antonia Arias (same wo man?) had a son, Andrés Antonio, October hisVicar in Santa Fe from 1733 to 1736. With DonSantiago Roybal, he was one of the two NewMexicans ordained by Bishop Crespo at 1 that early period.” He was a son, nephew, or 4: Maria Mrzriinrz, l“el)ru:1ry 23, 1765.” José de Bustamante, known also as “Mira ba1,” lived in the valley of Taos in 1770. He had married Monica Tomasa Martin, widow of Francisco Romero. They had no children. He is also very likely the “José Hurtado” mentioned there in 1776.” 11. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 409. 12. 1bld.; perhaps José and Bernardo were brothers, or at least Iirst cousins. 13. Bur--I8, Sta. Fe. 1-1. All three in 1!, Sta. Fe. 15. Sp. Arrh.. I, No. 36-1. 16. Crespo. par. 304: 1).“, 1736. No. 1; ministry: B-24, S. Ild., April 21. 1732: Bur-16, Nnmm’-. B. See., Sept. 6. 1734: 151-50. Sta. Fe, Oct. 5, 1734. Cf. El Palm-lo. Vol. 55. No. 8, pp. 239 40. 246: NMHR. Vol. XXV. No. 4, p. 265. 17. All in B. Stn. Fe. 18. Ibid. 19. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 590; BNM, loc. clt., Taos. BUSTILLOS JUAN DE PAZ BUSTILLOS was among the Velasco colonists of 1693. He was twenty nine,the son of Francisco, and born in Mexico City at the Calle de Vergara; he was of me diumheight with a high forehead, deep-set eyes,and a sharplnose. His wife was Manuela Antoniade Alanis, twenty-eight, the daugh ter of José and a native of Istlehuaca. She was of medium height and had an aquiline face.‘ They brought two children: 'Josej'a Anto nia,nine, who was their own daughter, born in Mexico City at the Calle del Parque; she had’a round face and flat nose. The other was a nephew, Antonio, seven years old, the son of Antonio Xavier and born in Mexico City at the Calle del Reloz. He had a round face, large eyes, and a thick nose? Juan gave his age as forty-five and fifty some fifteen years later, when he stated that he was a native of Mexico City, married, and residing in Santa Fe.3 * * III IR * * * * Andrés de la Pciz (without Bustillos), thirty years of age, appeared as a witness in 1693.‘ In 1719, as a resident of Santa Fe, he sold some land in Santa Cruz. Ilis wife was Fran [151} ORIGINS 01*‘ NEW MEXICO F/\l'.11I.IES cisca Antonia dc Guijo.x-ax"lt is not known if he was related to the preceding man. His wife was the widow of Antonio de Moya. of the preceding century which was not car ried over to the (-iglitccntli. But is the fol lowing Bustos family one and the same? Sp. An-h., II. No. 5«lc. This Bustillos family was entirely different from the important Pérez de Bustillo family lhld. §Jl.A_:nr;i—a D31. 1707. No. 1: 1709. No. 5. lhId.. 1693, No. 4. Sp. Al'(‘h., I, No. 742. BUSTOS JUAN DE BUSTOS and his wife, not named, were among the 1693 colonists.‘ He owned land in Santa Cruz in 1699.2 In 1719, three Bustos individuals, all natives of Mex ico City, Juan, Francisco, and Josefa, acted as sponsors for Taos Indian children.“ 1. 2. 3. BN.\l. leg. 4. pt. 1. pp. 830-4. Sn. Arch.. I, No. 815). B-45, Taos. May 9 and July 30. CABEZA de BACA LUIS MARIA CABEZA DE BACA was born in Santa Fe, the eldest son of Iuan An tonio Baca and Maria Romero. According to Twitchell, he and his father had come to New Mexicoin the early part of the century, being descendants of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca.‘ However, his parents belonged to the one and only Baca family descended from Cristobal Baca of Oﬁate’s colony. Juan Antonio Baca was the son of Antonio Baca and Monica de Chavez (q.v.). He mar ried Maria Romero on September 17, 1753.” She was a daughter of Antonio Romero and Nicolasa del Castillo, both natives of New Mexico.” Both were still alive in 1790 with two sons andltwo daughters still living with them; he gave his age as sixty-eight, and she as sixty-two.‘ Their known children were as follows, all plain Bacas: LUIS MARIA, born October 26, 1754; Ber nardo Antonio, October 22, 1757; José Maria, April 26, 1761; José Miguel, June 16, 1765; Jose Manuel, January 10, 1767;Juan Esteban, December 31, 1768; and Manuel Jose’ Maria, April 8, 1776.-"Three known daughters WCFBI Antonia de la Trinidad, who married Juan Bautista Gonzalez in 1777;“Maria Magdalena, [152] who sued a Gallegos youth, but married Cris tobal Pantaleon Romero the following year;’ and Maria Josefa, who in this same year mar ried Manuel Antonio Sanchez.” Of Luis Maria’s brothers, Bernardo Antonio married Maria Josefa Quintana in 1781;Jose (Maria) married her sister Ignacia Quintana in 1785;” José Miguel was married to Juana Maria Baca;” and José Manuel married Maria Guadalupe Sanchez on the same day his sis ter Maria Josefa married his bride’s brother.” Now to Luis Maria's change of name and his family. “Luis Maria Ccxbezcxde Baca” thus signed his name in 1803, while his brother signed “José Miguel Baca,” during an investigation regarding the death at La Cienega of a Salva dor Armijo, allegedly killed by Apaches. Ar mijo was the guardian of their late brother Bernardo’s children and property.” Like his ancestors before him, he was accused of mis treating the Indians of Galisteo and Santo Domingo.“ Luis Maria was married three times, and Twitchcll published a list of the wives and children as relayed to him by the family;“' 1 '\I docu1nentar_vinformation, is the following: rather (lilfcrent, _ “LuisBaccr,” soldier of the Santa Fe garri son,married Maria Josefa Lopez on Novem ber24,1777.” Children born to them in Santa Fewere: Maria Margarita, February 22, 1782; Juan Antonio, December 1, 1783; Maria de la Luz, October 19, 1785; Antonio José, Febru ary 18, 1789; Guadalupe, February 12, 1791; and José Ramon, April 2, 1797.” There was an older Guadalupe, daughter of Luis Maria 1 Cabezade Baca and Josefa Lopez, deceased, whomarried Santiago Mariano Trujillo, Sep tember 20, 1785.” Another son, Miguel, mar ried Maria Dolores Sanchez in 1820.” These two had been born ahead of those listed in SantaFe. A son, José, married Maria Dolores Gonzalez of Jémez in 1811. Their mother, Maria Josefa , wife of Luis Baca,‘ '1' n E l'} l (1 ll '1‘ l". I". N '1' II C E N '1' UR Y Maria Cabem do Baca, was “’1'em'cn,tePoliti 00" of Cochiti and Santa Domingo when the Padre and Indians of these Pueblos made complaints against him and his father in 1808. The family was living at the Rancho de Pena Blanca. His father signed as “Luis Maria Ca beza de Baca,” fifty-three years old and a widower, while he signed simply as “Juan Antonio Vaca,” twenty-seven years old and married.” He was killed during a Navajo campaign in February, 1835, leaving a wi dow, Josefa Gallegos y Chavez, with thirteen children, eight of them small.“ A grown son of Juan Antonio at this time was Frarncisco Tomas Baca.’-’”As Francisco Tomas Cabeza de Baea, and the widower of Isabel Ortiz, he married Manuela Ortiz, daughter of Juan Rafael Ortiz and Maria Gertrudis Pino, on June 10, 1844.“ died on April 2, 1797.” On April 11, 1798, “Luis Maria Baca,” wi dower of Josefa Lopez, married Ana Maria Sanchez,“familiar” of the house of the Cor poral, Roman Sanchez.“ A son, José Mateo Mauricio,was born on September 25, 1803.“ Anotherson was Luis Maria 11,who married MariaIsabel Lopez, April 14, 1829;“ a daugh ter, Josefa, married Juan Luis Montoya of Santa Fe on August 2, 1827.“ In 1810, “Luis Maria Ccibezcx die Baca,” wi dowerof Ana Maria Sanchez, of the Ranchos called “de la Pena Blanca,” married Ma-ria EncarnacionLucero, daughter of Gaspar An tonioLucero and Maria Francisca Salas, of Jémez.“ A son of theirs, Manuel, married Maria Antonia Chavez in 1849.2“ * * :1: an :4: ac :2 * The marriages and other data about vari (Antonio) Iosé Baca, son of Luis Maria Baca and Maria Josefa Lopez, deceased, of La Pena Blanca, married Maria Dolores Gon zalez, daughter of Miguel Gonzalez and Apo lonia Chavez, of Jémez, in 1811.31 Miguel Cabeza d-eBaca, son of Luis Maria Cabeza de Baca and Josefa Lopez, deceased, of La Pena Blanca, married Maria Dolores Sanchez, Widow of Antonio Mares, of San Miguel de la Bajada, April 10, 1820.” (Iosé) Mateo (Mauricio) Baca, son of Luis Baca and Ana Maria Sanchez, married Mar garita Sanchez at the “Plaser de Dolores,” in 1845.“ oussons of Luis Maria Cabeza de Baca are as follows: lucrnAntonio Cabeza de Baca, son of Luis Luis Maria Cubeza de Baca, son of Luis Ma ria Cabeza de Baca and Ana Maria Sanchez, [153] C ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES l'llil1'1'l(}(l Marizi Isabel Lopez, (laughter of JC sus Lopez. and Manuela Martinez, on April 14, 1829,in the military chapel at Santa Fe.‘” Manuel Bctca, son of Luis Baca and Encar Biography in Sp. Arch., 1, p. 376. M-50. Sm. F:-. Sp. Arrh., I, No. 776. I|)l(l., Ii. No. 1096.1. All in ll. Sin. Fe. M-50. Sin. Fe, May 4. Sp. Al'l'll.. II, No. 1382; “-50, Sin. Fe. July 25, 1798. M-52, Sin. Fr, April 11, 1708. . 1).“. 1781. in Sta. Cruz. no number. 10. M-31, Stu. Cruz, Oct. 2-1. 11. Sp. Arch.. 1. No. 465; M-50. Stu. Fe, April 6, 1790. wed ding ot son, Miguel. 12. M-52, Stu. Fe, April 11. 1798. 13. Sp. Arch., I, No. 54. 14. lhld., II. No. 1188. nucion Luceru, of La Pena Blanca, Inurried Maria Antonia. Chavez, daughter of Antonio Chavez and Ynez Apodaca, of Jémez, in 1849.” 18. M-35, Sm. Domingo. 19. lbld., April 10. ‘.40.mu--49. Sta. Fe. 21. 31-51. ('n.strvnsnr. 22. B. Sin. Fe. 23. 151-51, Cnstra-nsc. 24. M-.’i:‘i,Sin. l)umin;:o. 25. DM. 1810, no number. 26. lbld.. 1849, no number. ‘°9°r‘.°‘S"'.“S*’!~'-'2“ 27. Sp. Arch., II. Nu. 215-1. 28. Twlt. Coll., Nos. 142. 146, 163, 164; facsimile NMHR, Vol. VIII. No. 4, racing p. 2-11. 2‘). Twit. Coll., No. 1-15. 30. 51-54. Stu. Fr. 31. 1).“, 1811, no number. 32. 33. 31. 35. 15. See SD. Ar('h., I, p. 47. 16. M-50. Sta. Fe. 17. All in B. Sta. Fe. of \vi1l, lh|d., 1820, no number. IhId.. 1845, no number. M-51, Castronsn. DM, 1849, no number. CABRERA Josefa de Cabrera, a widow thirty years old and a native of Mexico City, came in 1693 with her son—in-law, Miguel de la Vega y Coca, who was married to her young daugh ter, Manuela de Medina. Another daughter, Maria, was the wife of José Luis Valdés. Jo sefa’s late husband was Alonso de Medina.‘ Ga-briel de Cabrera is mentioned as a wed ding witness on August 21, 1714.2He is also mentioned in 1715.3He eventually went to Guadalupe del Paso, where he was living in 1745 with his wife, Micaela de Contreras. They had a daughter, Francisco.‘ Juan Antonio Cabrera, parents unknown, married Teodora. Pacheco in Santa Fe, Octo ber 6, 1728.5 Ana Bernal de Cabrera was the wife of Luis Lopez of Pojoaque in 1703, but no con nection between her and the Cabreras can be found.“ 1. Sp. Areh.. II, No. 54c. 2. M-24. S. lid. 3. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 434. 4. 5. 6. AGN, .\lcx., Inq., L 892, 1. 1 el seq. M-50. Sta. Fe. AASF, N0. 15. CADENA ' (Cruz) Francisco de la Ccxdenct,fifty years old, a native of New Mexico, the son of Francisco de la Cruz and Antonia de Hinojos, had been married to Ana de la Cruz, a Tesuque Indian. In 1716 he married Leonor Montaﬁo, widow of Luis de Chavez.‘ Francisco died at the age of ninety on July 14, 1757, and Leonor died .at the age of seventy on November 17, 1762.9 [154] In 1710he had worked in the reconstruction of San Miguel chapel? José Antonio de la Cadena was married to a Gertrudis Rodriguez, who died on Septem ber 4, 1727.‘ Francisca Cadena was the wife, in 1753, of IN the soldier Francisco (l(m7.:'1lc7.of Santa l"e.”' Maria Luisa Caclcna, wife of Juan Lorenzo 1. mi, 1716. No; 1. 2. Bur--I8, Stu. lie. 'I‘IIE ICIG ll 'l‘I'Il'IN ’I‘II CENTURY 1, , I -. . _ ' . _. (,.nv.iJ.1l, sold some land lllllL‘lllL‘(lfrom her parents.“ 4. Bur-48. Sin. F0. 5« Sh. An-lI.. I. No. u.. 6. lh|d., No. 978. 3. Kubler. P- 19 CALV E S JOSE CALVES (or Galves?) was living in Santa Fe as early as 1773, when his wife, MariaMiera, bore him a daughter, Maria Rita ‘ del Rosario, November 5. They had two other girls, which explains why this family name 1. All In B. Sta. Fe. died out: Maria Ygnacia, January 12, 1776, and Maria Manuela Rafaela, December 14, 1781.1Their father was a mayordomo of the restored Confraternity of La Conquistadora in 1775.’ 2. OLC. p. 11. CAMPOS JOSE CAMPOS REDONDO was a soldier of the Santa Fe garrison in 1790 who had en listed in 1777. He was thirty-seven at this latter date, and had been born in Mexico City, the son of Alejandro Campos Redondo and Joaquina de Arteaga. His wife was Feli ciana Ortiz, twenty-five. They had three boys,thirteen, eight, and two years old, and two girls, fifteen and seven.‘ Their known children were: José Maria Francisco de Paula, born January 20, 1785; José Francisco de Jesils, March 12, 1787;? 1. Twlt. 0111., No. 179; HSNM, l\Iil. Papers. 2. Both In B-23, Nnmbé. Poj., S. 11d. 3. M-22, Pnjoaque; other data misplaced. Juarn P.edro, who married at Pojoaque;“ and Domingo, married to Maria Guadalupe Baca.‘ One of the sons named “José” married Maria Concepcion Valencia on May 22, 1827.5 Feliciana Paula Ortiz Bustamante, widow of Jose Campos Redondo, made her last will in Santa Fe in 1815.She stated that she had borne thirteen children, most of whom died in infancy, and two premature ones that had been baptized.“ She was a daughter of Nico lés Ortiz III, and he most likely a brother or nephew of Fray Francisco Campos Redondo. 4. B-G5. Sm. Fe. bapt. of child. Mar. 13. 1811. He cnllsted as a soldier in 1708. when twenty years old. (HSNM. Mil. Papers.) 5. M-4, Allmq. 6. Sn. Arch., 1, N0. 666. CAN D E LAR IA BLAS DE LA CANDELARIA had died be fore 1680,when his widow Ana de Sandoval U Manzanares escaped the Indian massacre withher family. These returned to New Mex icowith the Reconquest. Felix de la Candelctria, son of Blas de la Candelaria' and Ana de Sandoval y Manza— nares, lived in the Rio Abajo district with his mother and the rest of the family. In 1716 Ana was claiming the Rancho de San Cle mente as having formerly belonged to her own father.‘ In that year Felix was forty eight years old, married, and living in Albu [1551 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES querqueﬁ-' He took part in the l\/loqui cum paign of that same ye:ir._“ “Feliciano” de la Candclaria seems to be the same man as “Felix.” lie and Francisco de la Candelaria took their families from Bernalillo to be among the founding settlers of Albuquerque in 1700." Feliciano and his wife, Petrona Varela, had at least four children: José, April 25, 1700; Maria, February 8, 1702; a second Maria, Feb Ventura do lct Condelciria l1{l(l:1 first wife by the name of Francisca '1‘or7'cs;their son, Salvador, married a Maria Duran in Albu querque in 1725.“ On January 16, 1727, a son, Manuel, was born to him and Efigenia ;‘” the mo ther must have died in childbirth or soon af ter, for on July 20 of the same year he mar ried Ynez Gutiérrez.” Vcntura was very probably a brother of Felix and Francisco. ruary 4, 1704;5 and Catalina, March 8, 1708.“ Francisco de la Candeloria was most likely another son of Bias. In 1694 he declared that he was born in the Rio Abajo and was twen ty-six years old.’ In 1699 he was a witness again at Bernalillof‘ His family, with that of Feliciano, was believed to be among the “twelve” founding families of Albuquerque. He acted as a civil witness in Albuquerque in 1709.9 His wife was Francisca Montoya, by Whom he had a daughter, Isabel, July 17, 17-03.” Document quoted by Twltchell in Sp. Arch., 1, p. 141. DM. 1716. No. 14. NMHR. Vol. VI. No. 2, p. 184. IbId.. Vol. IV, No. 3, p. 274. ?°:"?‘$":“S*’5‘°"‘ The three In B-13, Bern. B-2. Alhuq. D.\l., 1094. No. S. IbId.. 1609, No. 8. Iuun de la Candelctrict was twenty—six years old in 1720,when he appeared as a marriage witness.” On May 30, 1728, he married Marn uela Varela.” He seems to be the aged man who penned or dictated a brief history of New Mexico, faulty but interesting, in 1776.He claimed to have been born in 1692, relying on the old belief that Vargas re-colonized New Mexico in 1692.He was the son of Francisco or Feli ciano, both of whom he named among the first founding families of Albuquerque.” 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. SD." Arch., 1, N0. 716. B-18, Born. 1).“, 1725. N0. 4. B-2, Albuq. B-3, Alhuq. 1).“. 1720. N0. 7. M-3. Albuq. 9716. “Nollclns of Juan Candelaria," NVHR, loc. clt., pp. 274 CANSECO (See Sebastian de Salas) CARDENAS ANDRES DE CARDENAS, a native of Pu ebla, came in 1693. He was forty—six, swar thy, with a high forehead and small eyes. His wife, Juana de Ava-los,was thirty, a native of Mexico City, the daughter of Nicolas. She, too, was dark, with a blind right eye. They had two girls, Pctrmia Maria, eleven, born in Mexico City, swarthy, with a mole on the left cheek; and Maria Teresa, two, [156] with an aquiline face and a high forehead.‘ Both parents were still living in Santa Cruz in 1716.3Apparently they had no sons to pass on the name. Petrona, wife of Roque Jara millo, made her last will at Santa Cruz in 1767.“ 1. .\'p. An-lI., II, No. Tvk‘. ‘.1. I)“. 1716, No. 3. 3. Sp. Arch., 1. No. L’: l N 'I‘ II I". I‘) I (5 H 'l‘ I". I". N 'I‘ ll (7 I‘) N 'l' U I! Y ' CARRILLO MIGUEL CARRILLO appears for the first time in 1694, when he declared that he was thirty-five years old and knew a certain man fromJerez since he was sixteen.‘ He and his wife,Maria de Mondragon, died in the same year 1727.2 A In this same year, their son, Manuel, got married in Albuquerque. In 1714, August 21, a Juana Carrillo, very likely their daughter, had married Bartolomé Lobato.3 1. 1)“, 169-1, No. 2. 2. Bur-«I8. sm. F:-, Feb. 7 and May 7. 3. M-2-I. S. lld. Manuel Carrillo, son of Miguel Carrillo and Maria de Mondragon, both deceased, mar ried Maria Varela-, daughter of Juan Varela and Isabel SediHo,I7overnber 30,1727n Their four known children were: Juan Maria, born September 6, 1728; Anastasia de la Cruz, May 6, 1730; and Mateo Antonio, September 24, 1735.“ In 1745, November 4, Maria de la Luz was baptized. Here the mo ther’s name is given as Juana Varela.“ 4. M-3‘, Alhuq. 5. These three In B-2. Albuq. 6. B-57, lslcta. CARVAJAL Juan Antonio de Carvajcxl, son of Alonso de Carvajal and Ana Varela, both natives of New Mexico and deceased, married Josefa Martin, daughter of Luis Martin and Ma ria de la Vega, on June 8, 1701.1 Lorenzo de Carvajal, born in the Rio Aba jo, was twenty years old in 1692.3By 1699 he was residing in Bernalillo, when he gave his age as twenty-six? In 1706 he received a grant of land in Albuquerque." Perhaps he was a brother of Juan Antonio, both obscure remnants of a once great family. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1).“. 1701. No. 1. lbId., 1692. No. 3. lbid., 1699. No. 8. Sn. Arch., II, No. 156. CASAD O S FRANCISCO LORENZO DE CASADOS, a widower already in 1704, was a native of Ca dizin Spain, where he had known Juan Péez Hurtado.‘By 1716 he was a Captain, when he stated that he was forty-six years old and married.”But it is not known who his first and second wives were. He was a member of the Confraternity of St. Michael which re stored the ancient chapel of San Miguel in Francisco (Iosé) de Casados, son of Fran cisco (Lorenzo) de Casados, was married to Maria de Archibeque, daughter of Juan de Archibeque." He was thirty-two years Old in 1731 and living in Santa Fe.“ This couple had a son, Miguel, who mar ried Maria Diega Dominguez on June 26, 1710.“ 1750.“ '1]. mi. 1701, No. 6. "' "Win 1716. N0. 17. 3. Kubler, p. 19, He had a son, Francisco José, by his first wife. 4. Sn. Ari-h., 1. Nos. 13. 7-18; II. No. 239d. 5. llmu-rnll, l\'.\l0, 1731. 6. .\l-60. Slit. Fe. [157] ORIGINS 0]" NEW Ml".Xl(I() l"/\MII.lI‘1S CASTELA JOSE ANTONIO CASTELA and Maria Montafto had a child, Juana Gertrudis, born Fe, on October 30, 1782.” In 1794 she is men September 8, 1755.‘ ther—in—lawof Miguel Baca, son of Juan An tonio Baca." A José Castelo and a Maria Lerchuncla had a son, Salvador José, at the same place, on April 24, .1759.“Apparently they were the same couple. tioned as the wife of Cristobal Baea and mo A Mariano Casteld sold some land in Santa Fe in 1812;" B-3. Alhuq. Ibld. The daughter, Juana Gertrudis Castelé, then living in the jurisdiction of Santo Do mingo, married Juan Cristobal Baea of Santa 9:“?-’."‘!" M-35. Slo. Domlngo. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 465. lbld.. No. 888. CAS 1LLAS BERNARDO CASILLAS and Maria Vigil were sponsors, November 29, 1703.‘ She was his wife, mentioned as such when she died on May 19, 1741.2 In 1716 Casillas sold some land in Santa Fe.‘*As an Alférez he took part in a campaign against the Utes and Co manches in 1719.‘ Nothing more is known about this couple, their origin, and their de scendants. above, married Elena Montoya on September 12, 1729.“As a soldier of the Santa Fe garri son he sold some property in 1731; his wife was a daughter of Antonio Montoya and Ca talina de Riberaf‘ They lost their infant twin girls‘, February 5, 1736.’ 31-24, 8. 11d. Bur-48, Stu. Fe. Sp. A1-ch., II, No. 11. Bancroft, NMO, 1719. 151-50, Sta. Fe. Sp. Ar('h., I. No. 749. Manuel Casillas, very likely a son of the .“.°’$-":“S-°!‘-"'-‘ Bur-48. Sta. Fe. CAS T I LLO (Alvarez del Castillo) JUAN MIGUEL ALVAREZ DEL CASTIL LO was married in the early part of the cen tury to Barbara Baca, sister of Captain Bal tasar Baca. They had several children, four of whom were living when his estate was probated in 1765. His second wife was Ger truclis Montoya, sister of Miguel Montoya; she bore him a boy and a girl. His third wife was Rosalia Garcia, who had no children. Juan Miguel died suddenly at Guadalupe del Paso.‘ The children by Barbara Baca were: Ana [153] Maria Olaya, born on February 24, 1740,2 who married Diego Antonio Sanchez, April 6, 1756;“Maria Manuela, born on June 1,1741, who was dead by 1765;‘ Maria Gertrudis, born on February 12, 1743, who married Francisco Ch2'1vez;~"José Antonio Nicolas, born December 15, 1744;“and Joa-quin Jacin to, born September 17, 1747,’ who married Ana Maria Andrea Vallejos. Gertrudis Montoya, the second wife, was the daughter of Lucia de Chavez and sister of Miguel Montoya of Atrisco, who was the IN THE guurdiziii of her two minor L‘l1ll(ll‘(‘H after her death.” She had died at the age of twenty five in l“ebru:u‘y, 1761.” Miguel married his third wife, the widow RosaliaGarcia de Noriega, at Guadalupe del Paso, on December 28, 1761.” She had taken the girl by the second wife whom her uncle, Miguel Montoya, was trying to get back in 1768.“ H '1‘ Id 1': N '1‘ H c‘ 1-: N '1‘ U It Y Maria and /lnlmiiu .Iosr?. lVl(ll'i1lbecame the wife of l*‘i'z1nciscnXavier Clizivt"/. in 1799;” and Antonio Jose innrricd lVlari:1Guadalupe Pino on June 22, 1810.” Joaquin must have married again, for when he died, May 18, 1821, at the age of scvcnty—cight, his widow was a Juana Scin chez.“ ' Ioczquindel Castillo, son of Miguel by his first wife, married Ana Maria Andrea Valle jo, by whom he had at least two children, The Castillos of the Rio Abajo belong to this Alvarez del Castillo family. For other Castillos see Lépez del Castillo, Gomez del Castillo, and Francisco Afdn de Ribera. Sp. Arrh., II, No. 586. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. “-57, lsletn. M-11. Isl:-tn. B-51, lsletn; Sn. Arch.. loc. clt. B-57 and l\l-ll. Isletn; Sp. Arch.. Inc. clt. .“F‘S":‘-5334'." 1~‘.I G Ibid. lbld. Sn. Arch., II, Nos. 586, 642. Bur-2, Albuq. M, Gmul. del Pnso (Juarez). Sp. Arc-h., I, No. 642. D31. 1799, in Belén, no number. B-54, Tomé, M-Sec. Ibld., Bur. Sec. CERDA JUAN JOSE DE LA CERDA, a native of Valladolid in Michoacan, thirty—six years old and the son of Juan de la Cerda and Maria deChavarria, was living in Santa Cruz when They had a son, Juan, born on September 7, 1723.2"Another son could be the Francisco de la Cerda who married Antonia Olaya Ji ran on March 4, 1743.3 he married Antonia Sdnchez, daughter of Pedro Sanchez and Maria Lujan, in 1721.‘ 1. 2. 3. D.\l. 1721, No. 2. M-24. S. Ild. M-2!), Sta. Cruz. CERVANTES MANUEL DE CERVANTES, eighteen years old and the son of Manuel de Cervan tes, was a native of Mexico City who came with the 1693 colonists. He was described as able—bodied,with a round face and a scar on the right side of the chin. His wife was Fran ciscaRodriguez, daughter of Juan, and also born in Mexico City; she was of medium height, with an aquiline face and a mole on the right temple.‘ In 1696,Manuel said that he was twenty, a native of Mexico City, and residing in San ta Cruz. The occasion was the wedding in vestigation of Juan Manuel Chirinos, son of Juan Martinez de Cervantes and Antonia Chirinos.” It can be seen that he and the Mar tinez Chirinos family were related. Since the Cervantes name did not continue, it is pos sible that any descendants would be “Marti nez” instead. * * * * * * 3|! 3|! Toribio Aniceto Cervantes, a native of San Juan del Rio, married Juana Pacheco in San ta Fe, August 17, 1801.3 1. Sn. Ari-h.. II, No. Me. ‘.3. HM. 3. 11396, No. 8. 51-52. San. Fe. {159] mi oui(;1Ns<>i-' Ni-:w Mi-zxiitu I"/\M l l.|l‘2h' CHACOFI The first members of the Chacon family of New Mexico appear as adults living in the RioArriba area near San Juan Pueblo short ly before the middle of the century. Their parents and their place of origin are so far unknown. They most likely came to this area with the Velarde family from El Paso. Cristobal Chacon married Rosa Madrid on July 23, 1741.‘But three years later a Cristo bal Chacon had a legitimate daughter, Maria, by a Rita Lujdn, February 3, 1744. Francisco Xavier Chacon and Lugarda Martin were the godparents? Apparently it was the same man, who had married a second time. Francisco Xavier Chacon married Josefa Velasquez, December 29, 1748.3 They had a son, Antonio José, on April 18, 1755.4 _ A Francisco Chacon married José Pacheco, April 24, 1732:" Cayetano Chacon married Rosa Chcivez at La Soledad, May 7, 1755.“Two known sons of theirs were: José Antonio, born February 2, 1756, who married Guadalupe Archuleta, .: . -27, S. Juan. 29, 1759.“ José Clm-con.and Clara Trujillo had three children who married as follows: Maria Luz with José Antonio Romero, January 8, 1791; Juan Antonio with Andrea Quiteria Martin, February 4, 1792; and Francisco Antonio with Encarnacion Atencio, October 11, 1810.9 Pedro Ignacio Chacon married Maria de Jesus Martin, February 12, 1787, and then Maria Pascuala Martin, August 17, 1801.” José Maria, a son by the second wife, mar ried Serafina Lopez in 1833; both parties lived at El Rito Colorado.“ Felipe Chacon and Guadalupe Villalpando had a son, Baltasar, January 7, 1787.” José Albino Chacon, son of Felipe Chacon and Nicolasa Trujillo, married Refugio Lo pez, daughter of Francisco Lopez and Maria Fernandez, in the military chapel at Santa Fe, January 23, 1830.” But by 1854, the fam ily was living in the Pefiasco country where a son, José Pablo, was born, January 27, 1854.“ 8. B--I2. S. Juan. 9. All three in )1-1, Ahlqum. 10. lhld. -21, S. Juun. -27. S. Juan. -27, S. Juan. I-27. S. Junn. 11. DM. 183.1. no number. 12. B-42, S. Juan. 13. “-51, Cnstn-nst-.. Id. .“$35“:“E*’.'°!‘ January 27, 1782;’and Juan Pedro, born June 14. B, Plcuris; both parents and grandparents given. -42, S. Juan: M-1, Ahlqulu. §;"§Z§ ’ CHAVEZ (Duran y Chaves) DON FERNANDO DURAN Y CHAVES, who escaped in 1680 from the Sandia district with his wife, Lucia Hurta-do, and four small children, was the only member of the large Duran y Chaves clan to return with his fam ily at the time of the Rcconquest.‘ During the 1680-93exile at Guadalupe del Paso he [160] took part in the futile Otermin Expedition, and was one of the Rcgidores of the colony,” and with the arrival of Governor Vargas he became one of his councillors.“ In the grand Entrada into Santa Fe, December 16, 1693, Don Fernando led with the Royal Standard as Real Alférez," but soon after moved to the IN ancestrallands at_Bcrnalillo; here and at San Felipe Pueblo he maneuvered the colonists andIndians so as to forestall disaster during the uprising of 1696, though he had to dis agreewith Vargas as to tactics; subsequently he vanquished the Jémez Indians at San Di egoCanyon, when they fled into the Navajo country.“Governor Vargas, taken ill during an Apache campaign in the Sandias in 1704, wascarried to Bernalillo where he made his will and died, presumably in the Chaves house,for Don Fernando and his eldest son, Bernardo, signed as official witnesses of the last will and testament.“ By 1707 he and the family had moved to Atrisco,while Bernardo and his young fam ily remained at Bernalillo. At Atrisco Don Fernando made his last will on February 11, 1707,but he was still living as late as 1712.7 By 1716he was referred to as dead.“ His widow, Lucia Hurtado de Salas, lived with some of her sons until her death on February 3, 1729.“ Their ten children are named in their father’s will in this order: Bernardo, Pedro, Antonio, Isabel, Francisco, Luis,Nicolas, Maria, Catalina, and Pedro G6 mez Durcin.” The four eldest had been born before 1680 in the Sandia-Bernalillo area; the rest at Guadalupe del Paso. Before his marriage Don Fernando had a natural daughter, Clara de Chaves, mother not known, who became the wife of Juan de la Mora Pineda.“ Of his three daughters, Isa-bel married Ja cinto Peléez, and then Baltasar de Mata; Maria, wife of Antonio de Ulibarri, died without issue; and Catalina became the wife of Matias de Miranda, Bernardo D. y Chaves, who signed the will OfVargas with his father in 1704, remained with his wife and children at Bernalillo. He gave his age as twenty in 1695.” In 1705, when playing an Indian—scare prank, he was accidentally shot and mortally wounded by a Gallegos cousin, leaving his young wife and three small children. He was buried on November 19, 1705.” '1‘ II I‘) 1*}l (I ll '1‘ J‘) E N 'I' ll (‘ E N 'I‘ U ll Y Bernardo had married 1"rancisca dc Mis qnia, at Santa Fe in l6.‘l.‘)." They had two boys and a girl: Jr).s-C-,April 24, 1700; Maria Manuela, June 15, 1703; and Juan. February 26, 1705.” In their mother’s last will in 1714, the girl is mentioned as Lucia Manuela; their mother was married to Juan de Ulibarri at this time.” One son, Jose’, was married and living at Guadalupe del Paso in 1769, while his brother Juan resided in Santa Fe; Luisa (or Lucia) was already dead.” Pedro D. y Chaves married Juana Montoya on January 27, 1703.“ His was one of the sup posed “twelve” founding families of Albu querque in 1706.” In 1713 he was a squadron leader of the militia and conducted ex-Gov ernor Felix Martinez back to Mexico City; but he resigned in 1716 because of illness; yet he is numbered among those who took part in the Moqui campaign of this year.” In March, 1735, his estate was probated due to the fact'that he was dying, having been out. of his senses for some time. But he rallied enough to draw up his will, and died on December 7, 1735. After Bernardo’s death he had come into possession of his father’s will, but due to his illness it had passed into the hands of the next brother, Antonio, who was absent from “the Kingdom” at this time.“ Pedro had ten children by Juana Montoya, named in the will as follows: Manuela, wife of Sebastian Marcelino; Monica, wife of An tonio Baca; Josefa, married to Francisco San chez; Efigenia, wife of Jacinto Sanchez; Francisco Xavier; Quiteria; Juana; and three minors who had been placed with their un cle, Francisco D. y Chaves, when Pedro mar ried a second time. These minors were: Diego Antonio, twelve; Maria Luisa, ten, and Euse bio, eigh .93 Pedro’s second wife was Gertrudis S<in— chcz, by whom he had five children. one of them dead, but none are mentioned by name in the will, This marriage took place on Jan uary 12, l728.'-“‘The four living children are found elsewhere as follows: Salvador Man uel, born on June 9, 1731; Jose’, born on June {I61} 0 ORIGINS OF NEW lV[EXI(‘,0 FAMILIES 1,1733,“who married twice, lived in Berna ]i]I(),had many children,'>'-"_anclwas the “Jose Chaves of New Mexico” killed by Apaches near el Paso, December 9, 1772;” a daughter, not named, who was married to Antonio Gu tiérrezf’ and a Pedro II, referred to years later as a son of old Pedro,‘-’"‘who was there fore the fourth living child of this marriage. Of the unmarried daughters by the first wife mentioned in Pedro’s will, Quiteria fi nally married a Bernardo Padilla after some trouble,” Maria Luisa (Lucia) reared by her uncle Francisco, could very well be the W0 man who married Miguel Montoya as Fran cisco'sdaughter; Juana seems to be the one whomarried Domingo Baca. Of the sons by the first wife, Francisco Xavier,the eldest son among many girls, was considered a wastrel by his sisters;'-‘”he was the man of this name who married Manuela Padilla on September 29, 1735.3"Diego Anto nio, the next son but very much younger, among the minors of his father’s will, mar ried his third cousin, Juana Silva, December 14, 174»Cl.'“ If his elder brother was the was trel that his sisters accused him of being, it explains how Diego Antonio could have in herited the original Chaves document and signet-ring later inherited by Colonel Man uel Antonio Chaves of Civil War fame.“ Eusebio, the youngest son, -married Vibiana Martin Serrano on August 19, 1752;"-‘he vainly tried to get grants and honors on the merits of his ancestors for himself and his sons, Blas and Juan Miguel, in 1774, and is said to have voyaged to Spain for the pur pose.“ I Antonio D. y Chaves was ailing in 1705 when his father, Don Fernando, asked for his position as commander of the soldiers at Atrisco,“-" but in 1712 he was perfectly healthy when engaged in fights with his fa ther and brother Francisco against a certain individual.“ He was first married to Magda lcna Montana, by whom he had at least two children: Maria, born in 1707, and Fernando, in 1708.37 On March 23, 1718, after complicated dis [162] pensations were granted, Antonio, widowed of his first wife, married a cousin, Antonia Baca."‘ As previously stated, Antonio was in possession of his famous father’s last will, which in the nineteenth century was in the family of General Jose Maria Chavez.” An tonio died on May 12, 1738; his widow died many years after at the age of seventy-five, on February 15, 1770."“ No wills by Antonio or his wife Antonia Baca are extant. Some of their sons, gather ed from different sources, are as follows: Cristobal, Miguel, José, Juan Antonio, To mas, Francisco, and Santiago. Three known girls were: Feliciana, who married Manuel Baca; Lucia Ana, wife of Felipe Romero;“ and Maria, who drowned in the Rio del Norte at the age of eleven in 1742.” Of the sons, Cristobal, on a trip to Mexico City brought a bride, Maria Josefa Nunez, and they had their velacion at Laguna, where his sister Feliciana’s husband was Alcalde Mayor, on June 30, 1756.“ Miguel, mentioned as brother of Cristobal, perhaps his twin, and a sponsor with his mother,“ -married Gertru dis Santisteban of Santa Fe, October 10, 1754.“ José married Juana Baca on October 15, 1758.“ Juan Antonio, who appeared as a sponsor with his mother,” married a first cousin, Ba-rbara Montoya.“ Tomas, who also appeared as a sponsor with his mother and with his sister Feliciana, married Tomasa Pa dilla, December 3, 1742.“ Francisco appeared once as a sponsor with his mother.-"°Santiago, born in 1733, married Maria Luisa Poez, daughter of Ramon Paez and Manuela Ve larde, at Guadalupe del Paso in 1761, and brought her back home; his mother and bro ther Juan Antonio were sponsors for a child of theirs in 1768:“ Francisco D. y Chaves married Juana Baca-, “the younger,” daughter of Juana Baca, “the Elder.”"'-' In his brother Pedro’s will he is mentioned as having adopted Pedro’s three minor children by his first wife. He and Juana Baca had at least eight chil dren: Miguel Antonio, born November 26, 1735, who -married Francisca Baca, August IN 29, 1781;” Jose Vicente, born February 1730;-’-"/l_qii..x~Ii’.n.. who died young 14, on January 7, 1741;"-"Ignacio, who married Gregoria Maese, and then Ursula Sanchez in 1770;"" Margarita, born January 3, 1734, who mar ried Salvador Garcia in 1761;-"7Juana, born January 10, 1744; Maria, who died young, May9, 1744;“ and Lucia-, very likely the child of his brother Pedro, who became the wife of Miguel Montoya.” LuisD. y Chaves married Leonor Montario, by whom he had a daughter, Antonia. He diedrelatively young prior to 1716,when his widowremarried in Santa Fe."° His brother Antoniobought his Atrisco inheritance from his widow.“ NicolasD. y Chaves was twenty-four and a residentof Atrisco when he had at least one natural child, already four years old in 1714, whenhe decided to marry its mother, Juana Montario,of Santa Fe. The wedding took placeon July 20.” She was the sister of two otherMontafio girls, Magdalena and Leonor, whohad married his brothers Antonio and Luis. The men were second cousins of the women.“ Nicolas acquired much property southof Isleta, and appears in several land '1' 11 19 (.‘ i«: N '1' U ll Y (risen, Maria Antonia, Juan, Vicente, Maria, and Franci.x'<'o.“-" Of the girls, Gertrudis mar ried Francisco Silva,“" and Maria Antonia married Tadeo Romero,“ and later a Domin go Baea. The'sons are as follows: Jose married Luisa de Aragon, February 3, 1732;” Bernar do married an Apacha, Maria Benavides, and then his first cousin’s widow, Maria Josefa NL'1r"1ez;"" Luis married Eduarda Yturrieta, April 20, 1747;” Fernando married Antonia Sanchez;" and Francisco married Maria Ger trudis Alvarez del Castillo, April 6, 1756.” Pedro Gomez Durém y Chaves was born when aging Don Fernando must have been pre-occupied with the past. For, although he had an elder brother named “Pedro,” this last child received the full name of Don Fer nando’s grandfather, “Pedro Gomez Dura'.n,” as his baptismal name. Later he was referred to also as “Pedro de Chaves el Menor,” or by the nickname of “Perico” (little Pedro), when living with the family at Atrisco.” He was still there in 1732when he sold the lands of his inheritance to Bernabé Baea and to the widow of his brother Antonio.“ But three years later he was living in the Rio Arriba country.” On July 6, 1737, Pedro Gomez de Chaves liti;,lations.‘“ lie made his last will on May 19, 1768, in whichhe gave the names of his parents and of his wife, followed by his eight sons and five daughters: José, Gertrudis, Bernardo, Luis,Fernando, Isabel, Antonio, Maria Fran 1. For more detailed treatment see El l'ul1u'l0. Vol. 55. No. 4, DD.103-21. Some emenclations in this present work are the re sult 01 more data found. 2- R0"0"y II. pp. 25-6, 96, 336-7, 391; Sn. Arch.. II. No. 38a. 3- AGN, Hist. L 37, pt. 3, ff. 322-3; AASF, No. 5. 4- "lid-9 t. 38. pt. 2, t. 61: Sp. Areh., II, No. 5~lC, ft. 4-16. 5- Sn. Am... I. No. 423; B-H. III, p. 351; on Vol III. pp. 332-373. 6- Sn. Arch., 1. Nos. 99, 1027. 7- IhId.. II. No. 170. Santa Fe. 19. 14- DM. 1099. No. 4. living in Ojo Caliente of Rio Arriba in 1742." He is the only son of Don Fernando who set tled in the country north of Santa Fe, but so far it is not known who his children were. 2'1. lhld. ‘.23. M-3, Allmq. '_’«1.Both in B-2. Alhuq. 2.’). S11. Areh., 1, No. 250. 26. lSur., (mad. dc-I Pnso (Juarez). 117. Sn. Arch.. Int‘. clt. 27a. 1).“. 1766, in Albuq.. no number; evidently the man who became PEDRO OTERO. 139. Il)Id.. N0. 177. 530.M-11, lsletn. 9- lbId.. mu--2, Alhuq. ColI., of original ln possession 0I10.Twlt. descendants of No. Gen. 261, Josecopy, Mariaextract Chavez, USA. 11- mi. 1708, No. 3. 13- Sn. men... 11. No. 120. 13-13. Bern., married Petrona Martin.“ They were still '28. Sp. Areh., I, No. 196. 8- IIvI«I.. No. 269. 12- I}»I«I.. 1695. No. 1-: I <2 ll '1‘ IC l-I N '1‘ ll Bur. Sec. 15. All in B-13. Bern. 5!» Arvin. I, No. 1711, 7. 1', No. 875. - AGN. Tlerrmi. 426,495; III, mi. I. 11: En. No. Arrh.. 18. ll-l3. Bern. £3. §v:II;n.hvo1. IV. No. 3, p. 274. mg}.- 311.Ardl.. 17-16"‘? -. I.I. No. No. 177. 1117; 11, Nos. 198. 250, 297', Bancroft, GENEALOGY: ’I‘um:'1s Chave7.. Govt-rnor Francisco I~‘ranciseo Xavier .\’m‘l¢-r Ch:'n‘ez. Cllfl\‘OZ. 31. .\l-3. AIhuq., also Jan. 16, 17-11; Sp. Arch., II. No. 513. .'i'.2. GENEALOGIICS: (1) ])ley.:u Antonin (Thin 1., Pedro tunio Chavez, Julian Ch.’1v(-7.,Col. Manuel A. Ch. 1' (2l DI:-Lzu Anlnnlo rla Isabel Armijn. Marla (.‘l1:’1\'e‘/., l“:i|»i."m (‘h.’t\'ez. Rita Torres, An wez. Ma Jose Cl1.’1ve/,. Euizenin Cln:'n-«~7.,.\I.'u'ln Gun(lnlupe (. 1-‘r. A. Ch{I\'e'/,. ' . M-Ii. Allmq. I . Sp. Arch.. II. Nos. 67.’), 636; 'l‘\\'ltchell's note. Ibld., pp. 23» 'i.—-For more tletalls on this family. see El Pnlnelo, Vol. 60. No. 4. pp. 1.’:-1-lﬁfl. 35. llnId., No. 106. I16. lbl(I.. No. 170. 37. Both in B-2. Alhuq.. pp. 3. 6. 38. Dbl. 1718, No. 11. [163] O ORIGINS OF NEW Ml".Xl(,‘.O FAMILIES The marvelous growth of this family from 3 single source is due to the fact that each generation had more sons than daughters. As with the Bucus and Armijos of the Rio Abajo, the repetition of identical names among con .’iSl.See note 49 below. .10. Both in llur-2. Allmq. 41. AUN, 'l‘lcrriLs. 4126, Ill, .I'_!.llur-2. «lit. .\l-I2. H. 7-11. A\”)II(|.. f. 128v. I.iu.'uIn\: (‘I'. I'll Pnlnrln. Vol. 54. No. ‘II. p. '..’I').’in: l).\I. 1771!, No. «I. ni:irrl:ige of son l\lnrI:inn. (Jl-‘.Nl~I/\l.()(:Y: (Iris mlml I). y (,'h:'|\'4-1., Jose l\lnrinno Chiivez. Jase Ch:’i\'cz. Jose Ch:'i\'e7.II, Eugenio Ch.’ive7.. Fabian Chﬁve7.. Fr. A. Chiivez. 44. l).\l. Ioc. cit; M-3, AIbuq.. I. 16. 45. M-3. Album. 46. “-11, Islc-tn. 4?. lhI:l., t. '29; 31-12, Lngunn, t’. 21, wedding of sister Fell cinna’s dziunhter. 48. ll.\l. 1770, In Albuq.. no numher. 4!). M48. Alhuq.. ft. 13, 16v: ‘M-ll. lslvtn. l’. JG: “-3. Alhuq.. pp. 36. 67. 115. GENEALOGY: ’I‘mn:'n.-Ilinen (('vh{n'u-1.), Fr.'in('ls en Antonin Ch.’\vez. Gen. .Ios(- Marla Clizivez. USA. (Twit. Coll.. No. 204. if family's information was correct.) 50. .\l-3. Alhuq., I. 13. 51. B-2. Alhuq.: .\l, Gund. del Pnsn; II-8, AIlmq.. p. 262. 52. D31. 1766, in Albuq.. Marcus Burn; lb|d.. 1770, Barn l\Inntn.vn. tcmpornries makes it impossible to distin guish them one from unotlier, except when 21 will, or some other document, provides some relationships. But there are not enough of these. __,__ SR. B-3. and llur-'.’., Allnm. 71!).(IlCNl'I/\|.(l(:\': l.uri:I I). 3' ('h.’i\'a-1.. ’.:irhnrzi lklontoyn. I I\l.'inuel;i I.lIcern, Tomzis lI:ir':i, Nirziriom l3;u'n, I-‘nbi.’in Clifxvc’/., I-‘r. A. ('h:’i\'e/.. (30. HM. 1716'», No. ‘l. til. Np. Ar4'|I.. I, NU. ‘I75. (E12.ll)|d.. II. No. 208. Gil. ll)I(l.; also, No. ‘.213. (M. lbld., I, Nos. 9'}, 178, 8711; II, Nos. 29!), 46:3, 516. G5. lhld., I. No. 201. 66. GENEALOGY: Gertrmlis I). _v ('h:'n‘r-z. Agustina Silva. Marla Lugarda 'l‘atnya. Pablo Baca. Tomas Baca, Nicanora Bnca. Fabian Chfxvez. I-‘r. A. Chavez. (ST.GENEALOGY: Marin Antonin I). _v (‘h:'n't-z, Marla Man uela Romero, .Ios(- C‘h.’n'e7..Jose Clizivez II. Eugenio Chavez, Fa bian Ch.’i\'e'/., Fr. A. Ch.’i\'e7.. 68. M-3. Allmq. 69. 31-11, Islrtn. f. 52: D31. 1762. no number. 70. “-4, All)uq.: Sp. Arch., II, No. 516. 7]. Sn. Ari-h.. II. No. 465. T2. “-4, AIbuq.: .\l-ll, Isletn. T3. Sp. Ar(‘h.. II. Nos. 208. 213. 5.3. H-2. AIhuq.: M-49, lslotu. 54. “-2. Alhuq. 55. Bur-2, Album. 56. 1).“. 1770. In Album. no number. 57. B-2. Albuq.; DM, 1761, in AIbuq., no number. 74. lbld.. I. No. 86; AGN. Tlcrras, 426, III. II. 20-2. 75. llI|d.. I. No. '20. 76. .\[-29. Stu. (‘ml and Sta. Clara. 77. B-31, Sin. Clal-n, Feb. 2. CHAVEZ (Others) Juan de Chaves Medina, natural son of Juana de Medina, and a native of Zacatecas, was a new colonist of forty—twowho married Petronila de la Cueva, widow of Juan de Gongora, in 1694.1 He is heard of again in 1714in connection with his wife, accused of malicious gossip.” It is not known if he had any children. Juan de ApavricioChaves, a nineteen-year oldsoldier of unknown parentage, married a girl of like estate, Maria Rosa Veldsquez, in 1723.3She died on April 3, 1737.‘ tive of Puebla, is listed with his family among the Velasco colonists of 1693,He was the son of Diego, thirty—six years old, of medium height, with a broad face, large eyes and forehead, a thick nose, and a mole on the left cheek. His wife, Maria de Mirabal, daughter of Juan, and born in Mexico City, was fif teen, having an aquiline face, white and fair, large eyes, and a sharp nose. With them came her widowed mother and her ten-year old brotherf‘ ' Miguel is not heard of again under any of his surnames. Their son, Diego, got married at Guada lupe del Paso, October 29, 1753.“. Nothing more is known about these people. Miguel de Figueroa Nuﬁez de Chaves, a na [164] 1. 2. 3. 4. I)“, 169-]. No, 4. AGN, .\lex.. Inq.. t.. 755. ft. 468 ct seq. 1).“. 1723. No. 4. Ilur--18, Sin. Fe. M, Guxul. (I:-I Pnsu (Jufxrez). G. Sp. Arch. II. No. 5-ic: see .\IImhnl. I N '1‘ II E lCIGll'I‘lCl'}NTlI CENTURY 1 CHIRINOS (See Marti.-21.02) COCA (See Vega y Coca) CONTRERAS JOSE DE CONTRERAS was at Guadalupe delPaso as early as 1687,‘ where he married a Magdalena de Carvajal, or Garcia, and af ter her death married a Maria de Valencia in 1693.He was a Sergeant in command of a hundred soldiers from New Mexico, the son ofAndrés de Contreras and Maria de Salinas y Valdés, both deceased, natives of San Luis Potosi.2Around this period he gave his age asforty or forty-one,3 and was still stationed at Guadalupe del Paso. In 1705 he was in SantaFe, but as a member of the Conquista dora Confraternity sent up his dues from Guadalupe del Paso.‘ Two daughters by his first wife were mar ried down there: Maria to José de la Cruz, and Josefa to José Madrid, both in 1709.5An tonia, a daughter by his second wife, married a widower, Juan de Gamboa, also at Guada lupe del Paso, in‘ 1710.5 A Casilda Contreras was the wife of Fran cisco Martin, both living at Santa Cruz in 1709, and at Embudo in 1736.’ Simon de Contreras, twenty-one years of age and a native of Zacatecas, was living at Santa Cruz in 1696 with his wife, Manuela Negreteﬁ’ 5. 6. 7. 1. D31. 1687. No. 1. 2. lhld., 1693, No. 7. 3. Ibld., 1695, No. 3; 1696. No. 2. 8. 4. Sn. Arch., I, No. 479; OLC. p. 65. 1).“. 1709. N05. 1. 13. lbi(I., 1710. No. 21. Sp. Arch.. II, No. 1371); I, No. 753. ll)ld., I, No. 817; 1)“. 1696. No. 11. CORDOBA ANTONIO DE CORDOBA was a native of theCity of Mexico who had married Eugenia deHerrera, born‘in New Mexico, at Guada lupedel Paso. He was still acting as notary there in 1695, two years after the Recon quest.‘But his wife, or widow, came to Santa Cruzwith her children, for Antonio was re ferredto as deceased when their son, Lazaro dntottio,married Ana Valdés at Santa Cruz In 1710.’A daughter, Ana Maria, married AntonioTrujillo there in 1711.“ Lazarode Cérdobcx and others of the same nameappear in land documents from 1712 to 1762,always in the Santa Cruz or Rio Arriba area.“ Although his wife was Ana Valdés as late as 1712, some children by a second wife appear several years later, if the father is the same Lazaro. These were: Francisco Xavier, born on February 2, 1727, child of Lazaro de Cordoba and Petronila de Avila; and Ger man, June 13, 1731, child of Lazaro de Cor doba and Petrona Martin." Ik * * ’k 1|‘ 2)! Ik * Simén de Cordoba, of a different origin from the preceding family, was in New Mex ico in 1714 with his_wife, Maria de Guada ' [165] 0 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Romero, and a daughter of Simon dc Cor doba I, and Juana dc la Encarnacion, both natives of Zacatccas." lupc. He was twonty—fivc at this time.“ He wasvery likely a brother of Masria dc Cor dobaof Santa Cruz, married to a Bernardo r__,__. 1, DM. 1695. No. 15. Q, 1Md., 1711. No. 2. GENEALOGY: Ann Marin dc (Yvrdnbxx, Bernarda Trujillo, JUIIO Arcl.m1e‘ta, l\'Inrin I;zn.'u'i:1 /xrchulcui, Marja Jnsefa Quintana, Dcsidcno NlcolnsaRoybal, Fr. A. Chavez. Royhal, Romunldn Itnyhn], 3. 4. .3. 6. Sn. Afl'I1., 1, Nos. 161, 187, 188, 189, 933; II, N). 560. Both in 11-52, S. Juan. l)I\[.'1'71-1. No. 4. lI)Id.. 1727, No. 7. CORTES JUANCORTES, son of Don Fernando,thir ty-six years old and born in Mexico City, broughthis family with the colonists of 1693. Hewas of medium height, dark, with a sharp noseand somewhat deep-set eyes. His wife, Mariade Ribera, was thirty, the daughter of Juan and a native of Los Angeles (Puebla). She was small, freckled, with a small nose and large eyes. They had four children, all born in Mexico City: Andrea, no age given, having a rather broadnose; Diego, twelve, fair with chestnut hair and large eyes; Juana, eleven, broad facedwith a flat nose, and pockmarked; and Joaquin, three, with a fair and ruddy com plexionand large eyes.‘ Juan Cortés was at Nambé in June, 1696, whenthe Indians rebelled, killing him with a daughter, not named, and her husband, José Sanchez? A Juana Cortés, mentioned in 1705 as the sister-in-law of Juana Rodriguez, daughter of Alonso Rodriguez and Juana Valencia, seemsto be the second daughter described in 1693. , * * =1: * * * :0: * JOSE CORTES DEL CASTILLO and Ma ria de Carvajal, residents of Mexico City, were married in the church of Santiago, Querétaro, prior to starting out for New 1. 2. 3. 4- Sp. Ar:-h.. II, No. 540. Old Snnln F4-, Vol. III, pp. 332-73. DM. 1I‘;£).’}. No. 10. copy 0! mzirrlngc Sp. AI-ch.. loc. cit. [166] ccrllflcutc. Mexico. They had a daughter, Andrea, be fore their marriage, and two other children after, Rafaela and Dion1'.sio.3In the Velasco list of colonists the family is given as fol lows: José Cortés, son of Pedro, born in Puebla, forty years old, of medium height, with an aquiline face, large eyes and forehead, and a scar under the nose. His wife, Maria de Car vajal, was twenty-one, the daughter of Ig nacio anda native of Querétaro; she was fair with a broad face and large eyes.‘ Only two children are listed with them: Rafaela, five years old, born at San Miguel el Grande, having a round face and forehead, and large eyes; and Leonisio Daniel, born in Mexico City, having large eyes and a large forehead.“ The other Velasco list gave three children: Andrea, nine, Rafaela, six, and Dio ntsio, six months old.“ The oldest girl, An drea, absent in this list, is therefore the girl accompanying the other Cortés, Juan, and his family. Hence it can be presumed that these two families were closely. related, The other girl, Rafaela, became the wife of Mateo de Mestas in 1720 at Santa Cruz.’ As a marriage witness in 1694, the father gave his age as forty and forty—two, his birthplace as Puebla, and his full name as José Cortés del Castillo.“ 5'). Hill]. 6. l$N.\l. log. 4. pt. 1. pp. 790-5. 7. IL“. 8. lbld., 17'..‘(l. N0. 1. 10!)-1, Nos. 21. 24. IN 'I‘lIE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY CRESPIN CRISTOBALCRESPIN was living in San ta Cruz in 1714, a member of the families re cruitedin Zacatecas. His mother (rnotlier—in law?) was Juana de Ancizo. He and others weregranted some land at Chama in that year} 1, sp. Arvin, 1, Nos. 167, 437. 2, Ibld., Nos. 180. 194. 775. Gregorio Crespin was living in Santa Fe in the middle of the century? At Pdjoaque, on June 5, 1740,Ricardo Cres pin. and Rosa de Ortega had a child, Maria.“ Presumably, Gregorio and Ricardo were sons of Cristobal Crespin. 3. B-10. Nambe. CRUZ Franciscod-ela Cruz, fifty years old in 1698, declaredthat he was a native of New Mex ico,‘hence one of the adult refugees of the 1680Indian Rebellion. Hewas very likely the father of Francisco de la Cadena (q.v.), son of Francisco de la Cruzand Antonia de Hinojosf perhaps also ofDomingo Matias de la Cruz, son of Fran ciscode la Cruz and Maria de la Cruz, who marriedMargarita Dominguez, of unknown parentage, at Santa Cruz in 1727.” A Francisco de la Cruz was tried for the murderof Juan Chaves in 1735." Both were Indianservants of Rio Abajo families. Zacatecas. In the same connection there is mention of a Diego Felipe de la Cruz, de ceased, whose widow was Josefa de Ortega? Agustin furnished adobes for the recon struction of old San Miguel Chapel in 1710.“ Marcos Montoya, parentage not known, married Maria Antonia de la Cruz, daughter of Agustin de la Cruz and Ana Maria de Al mazén, in Santa Fe, in 1718.’ Hernando d-e la Cruz, twenty, a native of Oaxaca, was living in Santa Fe in 1698;‘ also, a Miguel de la Cruz, twenty-two, who fur nished adobes for San Miguel in 1710.” These individuals, and other unidentifi able-men and women of the same name, if nativesof New Mexico at the start of the century,were in all probability the descend antsof Juan (Catalan) de la Cruz and Pedro dela Cruz of pre-Revolt times. The Recon questbrought others of this name who were low-castepeople, servants or slaves of offi cials. * * :0: =1: :1: * * =1: ' Agustinde la Cruz was living in Santa Fe In 1706,the husband of Maria de Ancizo of MI. 1595, No. 15. - lhlrh. 1716. No. 1. lhld.. 1727, No. 3, 50- Arr!-.. II. No. 405. ‘0N- Mom. InI|., t. 735. It. 273-5. 5a_oI,a_:.nog Kubler» pp. 15. 20. Iucm Antonio Vérsquez d-e la Cruz, native of Tepozotlan, married Josefa de la Rosa, daugh ter of Nicolas Arias and Lorenza de la Cruz, all natives of Zacatecas, at Santa Fe, in 1697.” H Bernardo d-e la Cruz Samorcmo, servant of Governor Valverde, married Josefa Xaviera de los Angeles, former slave of Governor Vargas, and widow of Ignacio de Zepeda, who had died in Santa Fe.“ 1).“, 1718. No. 4. l|)ld., 1699, N0. 4. lhld., 1601. N0. 1'2: kublcr, 0. ll)ld.. 1697, No. 8. 1. lbId., 1705. N0. 13. p. 20. "““S°?°." [167] ‘V ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES I CUELLAR CRISTOBALDE CUELLAR, born in Gra nada(Spain or New Spain?), was thirty-six yearsold when he married Juana I-Iurlado inSanta Fe, on February 21, 1694. His par entswere Tomas do Cuéllar and Gabriela Dominguez,both living in Granada.‘ He was residingin Bernalillo in 1696, when he testi fied that he was thirty-nine and forty—four years old and a native of Granada.” He died on November 8, 1700," and his widow later married Tomas Garcia. He and Juana had a daughter, Maria dc Cuéllar, who became the wife of Jose Mon taﬁo." 3. 1. ml. 169-1. Nos. 3, 30; 2. Ibld., 1696. Nos. 2. la. I!-13, B¢=rn., Bur. See. 4. Sp. Arch., II, No. 215. DIEZMOS IoséDiezmos, or Dias Morales, was the nameof a man whose widow lived in Santa Fein 1706; she was a Maria Rodriguez, na tiveof San Luis Potosi} A Maria de Diezmo, or Dtezma, also appears in 16953 but nothing else is known about her. 1. 2. AGN, Mex. Inq., L 735. I. 287. DM, 1695, No. 2. DIMAS AntonioDimcxsand Lucia Ortega had a son, Geronimo,September 5, 1748.1 The name couldbe a derivation of “Diezma,” or it could be a different family of unknown origin. 1. B. Sta. Fe. DELGADO MANUELDELGADO was a native of Pa chuca.The 1790 cerisus of the Santa Fe Pre sidioshows him as holding second place in command,a Primer Teniente, fifty-one years old_His wife at this time was Josefa Garcia de Noriega, twenty-three. They had two sons,fiveand one, and a girl, eleven years old.‘The disparity in ages of husband and wifepoints to the probability of his having beenmarried before. In 1775, Manuel had beenstationed as an Alférez at the Presidio OfCarrizal, thirty leagues from Guadalupe d91Paso."Later transferred to the latter [168] post, he there perhaps married Josefa Gar ciax‘ While living in the Nambé-Pojoaque area, Manuel and Josefa had twins, Manuel and Manuela, baptized on June 28, 1792." These, and the two boys and one girl recorded in 1790, brought the number up to five, three boys and two girls: Manuel, Marcos, Fernan do, Josefa, and Manuela, (given in this order by Francisco Delgado) 5"An Estéfana Delga do, daughter of Manuel Delgado and Josefa Garcia, was married to Juan Rafael Ortiz.“ Josefa Garcia died on May 9, 1811,’ and l N Manuel then married /lnrt Maria Baea on November 30, 1814.“ He died suddenly on August 13, 1815.” When his estate was pro bated in that year, Ana Maria was na-med as his widow; those of his children named '1‘ ll ['3 l‘) l (I II 'l‘ ii I‘: N '1‘ ll (J P} N '1‘ U It Y but it is not known if the material is docu mentary. and Ma«nu.ela, wife of Jose Francisco Baea. Manuel Delgado II married ll/lurid de la Luz Baea, daughter of Juan Domingo Baea and Gertrudis Ortiz, on April 20, 1814, a few Alsomentioned, but not named individually, were his grandchildren, the children of Juan Rafael Ortiz.” months before his widowed father married Ana Maria Baea.” Five children of theirs were born as fol were Fernando, Marcos, Manuel Salustiano, lows: Fernando Delgado, married Ana Maria 07' tiz, daughter of Antonio Ortiz and Teresa Miera. He was a merchant of Santa Fe in 1814.”A daughter, Maria Josefa de Jesus del Pilar, was born on January 25, 1814.” As an Alférez, he was killed during an Indian cam paign, and his bones and those of two sol diers were buried in the military chapel of Our Lady of Light on June 16, 1821.” His widow then married José Antonio Viz carra, at the time assistant colonel in charge of ordnance in New Mexico. The wedding took place in the same military chapel on April 14, 1824.“ Marcos Delgado. Further data on him and his brothers, and sisters Josefa and Manuela, are outlined by Twitchell as relayed to him,” 1. Twit. Cnl|., No. 297. 2. BNM. leg. 10, No. 22. 3. Twit. Coll.. No. 279. Twitchell published some informa tion in Sp. Ar:-,h., II. pp. 315-18. furnished by Francisco Delga do, who said that old Manuel was born at Paehuea on December 30, 1738. and had married Josefa Garcia at El Paso. B, Numbé. Po,|., S. lid. See Note 3. ?°:".°’EJ‘:“ B-65. Stu. Fe., Jan. 20, 1812, bapt. of their child. Bur-51. Castrense. M-52. Sta. Fe. José de la Encarn.acz'on_, March 25, 1815; Maria Josefa Gregoria, November 19, 1816;Jose’Manuel de Jesus Tranquilino, July 11, 1819; José Vicente, April 7, 1821; and José Pablo, March 24, 1822.” 5k =14 * ‘it >1: >l< * * Tomas Delgado and José Antonio Delgado were contemporaries of the first Manuel Del gado, too old to be the sons of Josefa Garcia. Perhaps they ‘were brothers of his, if not sons by a first wife in Nueva Vizeaya; or maybe they were not related at all, to him or to each other. Tomas Delgado and his wife, Ana Maria Rodriguez, had a child, Ma ria Rita, born May 27, 1805.” Iosé Antonio Delgado and his wife, Gertru dis Atencio, or Gonzalez, had two children: Maria Dominga, March -3,1811, and Juan Ne pomuceno (Juana Nepomucena?), July 15, 1808.” 9. Bur-51, Cnstrense. 10. Sp. Arvin. I, No. 252. 11. IISNM, Estate of Rosa Bustamante. 12. ll. Stu. Fr. 13. Bur-51, Cnstr:-nsc. 14. 31-51. Cnstrc-nse. See N.\H[R. Vol. XXV, pp. 267-70 and footnotes. 15. Ill supra, Note. 3. JG. 17. 18. 19. M-52. Sta. Fe. All in B, Sin. Fe. B. Cnstrvnsc. B, Sta. Fe. DOMlNGUEZ The large and influential. Dominguez de Mendozafamily of the preceding century did not return home with the Reconquest, except for some women married to individuals who did return, and one lesser male ‘member of the family. Iosé Dominguez de Mendoza, natural son of one of the old Dominguez brothers, Tome II or Antonio, by Ana Velasquez, had married Juana Lope: at Guadalupe del Paso in 1682.‘ By 1692 he was an /llférez, twenty—six years of age, and a widower.” In this year he res [169] ORIGINS ()l~‘ N [CW M 1'2x I (‘U cued his sister, Juana I"/\Mll.llI.‘§ Doinin_i,'u<-7.,with her fourdaughters and one son, from Indian cap tivity.“ ' In 1705, Capt. Jose Dominguez and his wife,Ge7'onima- Varela, were sponsors for a wedding;also in 1714, when he gave his age as fifty and his residence as Santa Cruz.‘ Geronima was a widow in 1727 when she died, on April 11.“ fourteen years old in 1719.’ * 4: gotten into trouble with the authorities prior to 1716, and had offered, if pardoned, to go on the Moqui campaign of that year.” /lntonio Dominguez was living in Santa Fe between 1739and 1750,during which time he made some land transfers.“ Twoknown children of theirs were: Maria, wifeof Dimas Jiron;“ and Manuel, who was * (h'm."According to this, his wife vvas Catalina IV[m'.s'r’.A l)on1ingue7. man of this name had an an 4: >9: * BenitoDominguez, a resident of Santa Fe in 1715, had come to New Mexico in 1693 withhis mother, Agueda Moran} most likely fromZacatecas. Juan Antonio Dominguez, deceased, had a daughter, Simona Antonia, living in 1728, whowas the step-daughter of Francisco Ren * 5|‘ -‘I4 * * =|< * Iosé Vicente Dominguez, a native of Chi huahua, and two years a resident of Albu querque, married Maria Candetar-ia Garcia, on November 1, 1774. He was the son of Tomas Dominguez and Isabel Duran y Chavez of Chihuahua.” Here it can be readily seen that the pre-Revolt families of Dominguez de Mendoza and Duran y Chaves, which had left for New Spain instead of returning to New Mexico, were still inter-marrying down there; and here a descendant had returned to the land of his forefathers. 1. D31, 1682. No. 5. 7. lhld., II, No. 296. 8. Ihld., I. No. 232. 2. lMd., 1692, N0. 1. 3, First Expeditlon, p. 184. 4. M-24, S. lld., Sept. 5; DM, 1714. NO. 4. 5. Bur—-I8.Sta. E). Il)ld., No. 839. 10. lh|(l., II, No. 272. 11. lhl(l., I, Nos. 239, 345, 959. 12. M-3, Albuq. Fe. 6. Sp. Arch., I, Nos. 233, 1223. DURAN Manymembers, both men and women, of theDuran family of the preceding century returnedwith the Reconquest, but they are hardto identify and keep apart. SALVADORDURAN of pre-Revolt times andhis wife, Ana Marquez, both deceased, had several children, some of whom came backin 1693. These were Miguel, Diego, La zaro,and Juana. The latter became the wife OfTomas Nunez. A Josefa Duran, widow of AgustinGriego, and mentioned in conjunc tionwith Juana, might have been her sister.‘ MiguelDurdn remained at Guadalupe del Pasoas a soldier, where he asked to marry a [170 3 * Maria Gamboa in 1705.He had been born in his father’s prolonged absence and given to Apaches to rear. To impede the marriage, someone deposed that both parties were bas tards of Francisco de Madrid.” It is not known if the charge was proved untrue, or if a marriage took place. Diego Durém came to Santa Fe and there, at the age of twenty-five, married Pascuala Montana, or Martin, in 1694."He appeared as a witness a number of times." Lazaro Durén, the third brother, married Grcgoria dc la Serna at Santa Cruz in 1698. He was twenty at the time.-" IN ’[‘llF2li1(}H’1‘I‘2EN'l‘HCENTURY Luis Durén askerl for a .gr:n1t of. land in 1713,originally made to his mother, Ana do Archulct.'1." lie was twenty years of age in 1698.’He is in all likelihood the Luis Duran, husband of Maria Romero, both natives of New Mexico, whose daughter, Maria, mar ried Salvador Candelaria in 1725.“ ./mm l)m'(in married November 11, 1731. Xrmier I)m'(i.n. niarricrl Mmiu Imjriiz, May 27, 1736. Miguel Duran married Josefa Lujcin at P0 joaque, November 24, 1738, with Xavier Du ran and wife as witnesses." Miguel died at Pojoaquc, Lazaro Durén, the second man of this name, was the son of Nicolas Duran and Juana Martin, both deceased, who married Maria de Cardenas at Santa Cruz in 1716. His first wife had been a Juana Lobén.” He might be the same man, thirty years old in 1694, who is mentioned as having lived with the Lu cero family at San Lorenzo del Paso before the Reconquest.” (Jcr(7‘1ulix Trujillo, July 25, 1753.“-’ All three men seem to be brothers, the lat ter two -marrying two sisters, but their par ents cannot be ascertained. Nicolas Duran married Francisca Lopez, January 20, 1726.” * * * * * * * Estébcm Durc’mfrom El Valle de San Buen aventura in Nueva Vizcaya, widowed of Mar garita Carvajal, married Margarita de Luna at Bernalillo in 1727.“ Sp. Arch., II, No. 187. .".°‘."‘F-5'-*‘."’!‘ DM. 1705. No. 10. Ibld., 1694. No. 29. lh|(l., 1692, No. lbld., 1698, N0. 1; 10.1694, No. 8; 1696, No. 4; 1608, No. 8. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 2. DM, 1698. N0. 8. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Ibld.. lhld.. Ihld., All in lbid., M-29, 1725. No.' 4. 1716. No. 2. 1694, No. 34. 8-16, Nzxmbé, M. Sec. Bur. Sec. Sta. Cruz. 14. DM, 1727, No. C. DURAN (Bachicha) JUAN BAUTISTA DURAN was a “Euro pean,”‘ and, therefore, a Duran from Spain if not a Durand from France. He was also referred to, in one instance, as “alias, Bachi cha.”3Sometime around the year 1740 he had married Antonia Mestas, daughter of Ven tura Mestas and Catalina Jurado,3 by whom he had two daughters, Tomasa, born January 31, 1741; and Maria Guadalupe, February 6, 1744.‘ After his Mestas wife’s death he married Barbara Antonia Baca, on July 6, 1747.“Bar bara was a daughter of Antonio Baca, sister of Diego Antonio Baca and Juan Antonio Baca,and grand-daughter of old Josefa Baca 1- "M. 1771. no number, marriage of d. Gcrtrudls. 2- 5». An-h., 11. No. 841. 3. "lid-y N0. 845. 4- B-21, s. Juan and n-31, Sta. Clnra. * of Pajarito.“ Durén’s trade was that of a mer chant. During the last years of his life until his death in 1782, he was without the use of his mental faculties.’ The children by his second wife are as follows: Maria Ursula, born July 2, 1749; José Ni colcis, December 9, 1750; Maria Gertrudis, February 19, 1753; Ana Maria, June 1, 1757 (father's name here given as “Don Juan Ba chicha”); Maria Soledad, February 19, 1761; Ana Maria Antonia, March 9, 1766; and Juan Manuel Antonio, October 15, 1772.5 Of the girls, Ursula married Manuel Ber nardo Saenz de Garvizu, Gcrtrudis married Francisco Suarez Catalan, and Ana Maria Antonia was the wife of a certain Mestas. 5. M4. Alliuq.. nnd M-ll, I.-ale-la. 6. lhId.. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 1231: Bancroft. 7. No. 815. 8. All In B-57, lsleta. NMO, 1756, 1764. [171] ORIGINS ()l" NEVV lVll'I.\'l(,'() l"/\Mll.ll".S GENCINAS Francisco Xavier Carlos de Encincx. single, marriedMaria Antonia cte Anaya, single, on September23, 1757.‘ This is the first appear ance of the name; the man’s origin is not known. 1. 31-50. sin. Fe. ESPlNOLA DONFRANCISCO DE ESPINOLA was a smelterof precious metals who joined the colonistsin 1693 with his wife, Dona Marta delas Heras, and three daughters: Catalina, thirteen,Maria Magdalena, nine, and Juana Antonia,seven years of age} He was forty sevenyears old, the son of Don Antonio, and bornin Genova (in the Valley of Mexico); head; Dona Juana Antonia, born in Zacate cas, was white and fair, with an aquiline face, large eyes and forehead." But Don Francisco and his wife did not reach New Mexico. They probably died at Guadalupe del Paso, if not on the journey from Zacatecas, for their three daughters continued the trek alone with the colonists up to Santa Fe. In late December, 1694, An tonio Jorge married Catalina, daughter of Francisco de Espinola and Doﬁa Maria de las Heras, both dead.” Catalina’s husband died within a year, and she married a widower, he was tall, red—faced, with a low forehead anda mole on the left side of the throat. His wifewas thirty—five, the daughter of Don Andrésand a native of Tenango in the Val ley (of Mexico); she had an aquiline face, a broadforehead, and a small nose. Dona Catalina, the oldest girl, born in MexicoCity, was white and fair with large eyes;Dona Maria Magdalena, also born in MexicoCity, had a round face, a rather broadand flat nose, and large eyes and fore 1. 2. 3. 4. RN31. leg. 1. pl. 1. pp. 814-16. Sn. Arrh.. II. No. 54c. mi. 1694, No. 28. Juana Antonia married Ramon Garcia Ju rado in 1697.5 5. IbId.. 1697, N6. 3. GENEALOGY: Juana Antonin de Espi nola, Petronila Garcia Jurado. Juan Francisco Baca, Paulin Baca, Baca, Tomas Baea, Nicanora Baca, Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Pablo Chavez. Ihld., 1695. No. 6. I Francisco Lucero de Godoy, in 1695.‘ Maria Magdalena became the wife of Sal vador Anaya Almazén. (q.v.). ESPINOSA NICOLASDE ESPINOSA was an original settlerof Santa Cruz.‘ His parents were José Gomezand Maria de Espinosa, both natives at Cochiti pueblo and buried in its church the previous year? of Villa de los Lagos and deceased in 1697, whenNicolas asked to marry Josefa de la Cruz,twcnty—four years old, a native of San PEDRO DE ESPINOSA was living in San ta Fe after the Reconquest. He was a native of Guanajuato, and thirty years old before the turn of the century.“ He and his wife, Micaela Hernrindez, had a child, Maria. born August 19, 1703, in Bernalillof LuisPotosi and of unknown parentage. She wasthe widow of a Laureano Gomez, killed [172] * =k * at! 7|‘ * * * IN l)ON MlGUl'1L. lt/\Mlltl'l’zS DIG .l'1fw‘l’IN()SA was in the Vclasco list of colonists from Mexico City, with his wife, Joscfa Scdano, their two boys, Diego, thirteen, and Josri, nine years old; also a nephew, Miguel dc Correa, three years of age.“ However, it is not known if this family actually reached New Mexico. 4: 7k * =l< * =I= =l< '1‘ H l-I Truclias, H l (I ll 'l' H l". N 'I' ll in 17541, were four (‘ I". N 'l' U lt Y .l'I.~;piiios;1s,ap parently brothers, or at least members of one and the same family: S(ll1‘(1(l()l‘,Vcnturu, IV/imufl,and Tarlco." Salvador had bought land in Chimayo as early as 1736.’ These men were descended from any one of the three different colonists previously treated. Sp. Art-h.. 1, No. 817. 1).“. 1697. =l< lInl4I., Bern. 16517, No. 6: 113118,No. 6; Sp. An-h., II-13, Among the heads of families who asked to settle at Nuestra Senora del Rosario, Rio de .“S3"’."‘.-‘.'-"P!" II. No. 111. BNM, leg. 4, pt. .1, pp. 790-5. Twlt. C0ll., No. -1: Sn. Arch., I, No. 771. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 260. ESQLHVEL JUAN ANTONIO DE ESQUIVEL, his wife and their two children, not named, were mentioned among the colonists of 1693.‘ However, only one daughter appears in the Viceroy’slist. Juan Antonio was the son of Francisco, a native of Mexico City, and thir ty years of age, with a broad swarthy face and a scar between the eyebrows. His wife, Maria de San Nicolas, also born in Mexico City,was twenty-one, the daughter of Fran ciscoRangel; she was dark, with large eyes and forehead, and a sharp nose. They had a daughter, Magdalena, twelve, born in the City of Mexico; she had a round face, dark and pockmarked.” Maria Rangel, eighty years old, and widow of Jose (sic) Esquivel, died on June 18, 1737.3 Buencxventura (Ventura) de Esquivel seems to have been the other child of Juan Antonio; having joined the military section of the col ony, most likely, he was excluded from the family group in the civilian section, as often happened. He 'was thirty-one years old in 1716, when he stated that he was born in Mexico City and was now residing in Santa Fe." His wife was Rosa Lucero cle Godoyf‘ A daughter of theirs, Maria Francisca, be came the wife of Salvador Anaya Almazan, and was a widow by 1733.“Another, Gertru dis, married Diego Antonio Marquez at San ta Cruz in 1730.’ José de Esquivel was a resident of Santa Cruz in the middle of the century, and Al calde of the town in 1764.5 Francisco Esquivel and Maria Clara Gon zales had a twenty—one-year-old son, Ven tura-, who enlisted as a soldier in 1769." 1. BNM, leg. 4. pt. 1. PD. 830-34. 2. Sn. Arch.. II, No. 54c. 3. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 4. DM, 1716, No. 1?. 5°9°."‘F‘S" Sp. Arch.. 1. N0. 432. IbId., II. No. 386. DM. 1730, no number. Sp. An-h.. 1, Nos. 261. 262, 361. HSNM. M11. Papers. ESTRADA .l1'.»‘\NDE ESTRADA, mentioned in 1693, was married to Micaela de la Rosa in 1694. He was a soldier of Santa Fe, twenty years old,the son of Geronimo de Estrada and Te resa Rodriguez.‘ A Rosa Rodriguez, wife of Juan de Estrada, died on June 13, 1726.’ Don Luis dc Estrada y Nora (Nova?) mar ried Rosa Barbara Lopez at Santa Cruz, May 8, 1745.“ 1. D.\l, 1693, No. 8; 1694. No. 14. 2. Bur-48. Sta. Fe. 3. 151-20. Stn. Cruz. [1731 ORIGINS OF NEVN MEXICO I"Al‘.1ILIES FAJARDO Miguel Fuiurdo is mentioned among Var gas’ soldiers in 1695.‘ Antonio Fajardo of Santa Fe married Rita Two children by this second marriage are known: Francisco, born May 22, 1743;" and Antonio, who died in infancy, May 2, 1755.” Crusader» lllérquez at Santa Cruz, September 16, 1738.’ In 1742,November 5, he married Maria G6 Pv 5-35. 31.29. Sta. Cruz. lblrl. mez, or Chcinezﬁ .”‘P‘.'=".*=’!" B. Sta. Fe. B-ll, Namhé. FEBRO Louis I-‘ebre was one of three Frenchmen found at Taos in 1749 and brought to Santa Fe for questioning. He was a native of New Orleans, twenty-nine years old, and a tailor and barber by trade.‘ The following year, as Luis Febm, a Frenchman of "la Villa de la Canada," he married Moria Antonia (Ta foyo) Altanniruno, June 12, 1750.”They had a daughter, Mario Fmncisca, born on Decem ber 12, 1753.’ On April 7, 1754, he married Tomaso Ro mero.‘ A girl, Morin Geronimo, was horn on October 6, 12755.5Here the name ended, ap parently; it must not be confused with the “La Febre” name which came a hundred years later. 1. Bolton. 2. 131-50..Sh. Fe. Paciﬁc Oanilin map, Lil§!E*—-4Iﬂ|7?_ 3., B. Sta. Fe. 4.. 11-59. Sta. Fe. 5. 3.. Sin. Fe. FERNANDEZ JUAN FERNANDEZ DE LA PEDRERA was a native of Mondoiiedo in Galicia. His parents, Santiago Fernandez de la Pedrera and Francisca Lopez de Rios, were living in Madrid when he came to the New World. On April 24, lhﬂfv,Juan married Marin Jumdo de Gracia, a"native of Bosque (present All buquerque). jurisdiction of Sandia.“ He gave his age as twentyahive the previous year? After his wi1fe”sdeath, Captain Juan was living with the Ignacio de Royhal farnily near San llldeionso, and there in llfltl he married Marin Pelriez, reared in that farnilyji‘ By 11719he was residing in Albuquerque, his wiie”ssection of the country, when he gave his age as titty-one.‘ He died there at the age of eighty on July 23,, l"i’45."' [174] Two women known for certain as theirs were: Morin, horn in 117112, who died as a young maiden on March 12, ]l"l"29,1“ and }Frrnmz— cisco,who first married Captain Juan Rodri guez, by whom she had no children, and then Juan Bautista Alari.‘ J’ The following men and wonien, jirnrntheir name and connections, were in all lilrelihood his children also. Iucm Pernﬁmdez die lax Pedrerrr 1]! (Boy the first wife) married Morin Hnrtudo, who hore him two children: Margarito, who died on hlay 9, ]l74l,’“ and Bmz7rtolommé..“‘ This Bartolo me married Luisa Tenorio de Alha, lllllayat lldtl; the pair had at least seven children between mo and 117/ ..“"’Bartolonmé was a IN THE l'IlGlI'l‘EEN'I‘ll charter f11CH1l)(‘I‘ of thc Conii';1tcrnit_v of Our In nnotlwr list, Juan was set down simply Lady of Light, as well as /llcaldc Mayor of Jémczat this latter date.” as “.ln.'1n l“<~1'n."in(lc7.,"worker Teresa Fernandez dc la Pedrera married =1: Leonarcla Fernandez de la Pedrera had married a Manuel Baca, who later married Margarita Tafoya, June 12, 1750.” #4 * * * * * * MANUEL and SEBASTIAN FERNANDEZ DE VARGAS were brothers, natives of Guadalajara in New Spain, the sons of Ga briel and Ana (or Juana), their last names beingconfused in the matrimonial data. See Vargas. * ll‘ :1: a: * :1: * =4: , forty-three years of age. Sombrerete.” In 1718 he “Martin Fernandez,” but He was then living in His first wife was apparently a Valerio, who could have been the mother of two in dividuals who married in Santa Cruz: An tonio Marcelino Valerio Flerndndez with Luisa Martin, June 24, 1742; and Lorenza Fernandez Valerio with Manuel Gregorio Montes Vigil, April 8, 1742.“ His wife, the second if the first supposi tion is correct, was Antonia Martin, by whom. he had at least four children: Isabel, bori. November 8, 1726; Antonio, December 20', 1728; and Maria, February 5, 1731.” An oldci daughter, Ana Maria, married Cristobal Gar cia on October 6, 1740.“ >1: * * * * * JUAN FERNANDEZ DE ATIENZA LAD RONDE GUEVARA, son of the same, twen ty-five years old and a native of Puebla, joined the 1693 colonists with his wife, child, and mother-in—law. He had an aquiline face, large eyes and forehead. Teresa Fernandez, his wife, also born in Puebla, was twenty two,the daughter of Martin; she had a round face, large eyes and forehead, and a thick nose. Their son, four, was Diego Manuel, born in Mexico City; he also had an aquiline face, large eyes and a broad nose. Teresa's mother was_Maria dc Ribera, forty years old and a Widow.” :i= Chimayéﬁ“ March 20, 1741.“ It ' Santa Fe, forty to His birthplace was was referred to as signed “Bernardo.” Santiago Fernandez de la Pedrera, soldier, married Maria de los Dolores Gallegos, and Maria Hurtado.” filigzrcc, BERNARDINO FERNANDEZ appears as early as 1705, as sponsor with Maria Gonza lez at the wedding of Bernardino de Sena y Valle and Tomasa Martin Gonzalez?" He dis appeared in New Spain while conducting a prisoner who also escaped,“ but was back two years later. In 1715 he was a soldier at Nicolas Baca in 1747.” Antonio Fernandez de la Pedrera, who died in with his wife '.l‘crc.sn .l"crnz'mdc7.and a child, l)icgo Manuel Fcrnz'1ndc7. do In Santisima '1‘rinidad."’ Felipe de Sandoval Martinez in 1743, with Juan Bautista Alari and wife Francisca Fer nandez de la Pedrera as witnesses. She next married Felipe Tafoya in 1750." Teodora F.e7‘ncindezde la Pedrera married Miguel Tenorio de Alba in 1758. Presumably the same woman, she had first married a October 17, 1760, at the age of twenty-seven, was most likely a son of Juan Fernandez II CIJNTURY Bernardino died a widower at the age of eighty-seven, May 13, 1752.“ Alonso Femdndez, twenty—four years old in 1695, and also a native of the Mines of Sombrerete, the son of Juan Fernandez and Melchora de los Reyes, asked to marry Cata lina Martin de Salazar.” He could have been a close relative, perhaps even a brother, of Bernardino. rt! * * * * * * * CARLOS FERNANDEZ XIRALDO was born in Villacampo, Zamora, Spain. the son of Alonso Fernandez Xiraldo and Maria de Ribera. He was seventy-two when.he enlisted [175] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES in 1772 at the Presiiiio of Santa Fe; he was still there in 1790, llis wife was Juana Pa d,‘u,a.“"They had been married as early as 1744when they resided at Taos, she being the daughter of Juan Padilla and Margarita Martin.” From his wife’s ancestral lands in Taos Valley he had moved down to Santa Cruz, where he was Alcalde in 1762-3:" In 1757he had asked for the post of Tcniente at the Santa Fe garrison, but it was not until 1763 that he finally got the commission. Some years later he bought property in San ta Fe.“ lie was the first Mag/ordmno of the Conquistadora Confraternity when it was revived in 1771, and was also a charter offi cer of Our Lady of Lights" By 1795Don Car los, a retired Teniente, was mentioned as dead; he died in 1793.“ 1).“, 169'). No. 1. lhid., 1604. No. 1. Ihidu 1710, No. 15. lh|d.. 1719, No. 3. Bur-2. Albuq. M-24. S. Ild.. 13. Sec.; Bur-2, Albuq. , GENEALOGY: Franclsca Formindcz de la Pmlrem, Man uel Alari. Jose Maria Aiari, Maria Dolores Alarid, Romualdo ‘ Ruybai, Nicolasa Roybai, Fr. A. Chavez. 8. Bur-2. Allmq. 9. Sp. Arch., II. No. 392. 10. M-50 andNo.B, 12. Sta. Fe; NMHR, Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 188; BNM, leg. 10. . Both in M-50, Sta. Fe. llild. llild. . M-.1. Aihuq. . Bur-2, Alhuq. . DM. 1694. No. 18. a'::.1.;.:.:m>—a ---~ -‘ Hanna»: dmulauuu 17. 18. 1!). 20. 21. 22. l|)id.. 1695, N0. 10. Sp. Arr-h., II, No. 54c. BNM. leg. 4, pt. 1, pp. 790-5. D31. 1705, No. 12. Sp. Arch., II. No. 187. 1).“, 1715, No. 3; 1716. No. 10. 23. Sp.q.v. Arch., II. No. 293; he might have signed for Martin Vhlerlo, 24. 31-29. Sta. Cnlz. 25. All in B-27. S. Juan. 26. M-2'1. S. Juan. 27. Bur-2, Allmq. 28. 1).“. 165).‘). No. 19. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Twit. (,‘nll.. No‘. 179; HSNM, Mil. Papers. Sp. Arrh., I, Nos. 530, 698. I|ilil., Nos. 359, 3651; II. No. 556. lliId., II, No. 537: I, Nos. 276, 278. OLC, p. 11: N.\H{n, Vol. X. No. 3. p. 188. 34. Sp. Arch., II, No. 1324; HSNM, Mil. Papers. FLORES LUCAS FLORES was a native of Parras, and twenty-five years old in 1694.‘ His wife wasMaria Ramos. Lucas worked as a laborer during the restoration of old San Miguel Chapel in Santa Fe in 1710.’ Manuel Flores of Santa Fe, son of Lucas Flores and Maria Ramos, married Ana Maria de Vega, a widow of unknown parentage, in 1710;witnesses were Blas Lobato and Juana Flores.”Manuel's wife died on December 24, and member of the household of the Gov» ernor, the Marques de la Peﬁuela, and also Standard-Bearer, when he supervised the re storation of old San Miguel in Santa Fe in 1710; this reconstruction was carried out by the Confraternity of St. Michael, of which Don Agustin was Mayordomo at the time.” No doubt, he returned with his master to New Spain when his term was up as Gov ernor. D3]. 1694, N0. 7. Kubier, p. 20. ]).\l, 1710, No. 10. 1726.‘ * * * * * * * * Bur-48. Sta. Fe. Kubier. pp. 5 et seq. Historians in the past crediteri the Marquis with the deed. while Kubier thinks it was Fivirns Ver gara. 9‘:“S—’!-’!“ Don Agustin Flores Vergara was an aide IFRAGOSO FRANCISCO XAVIER FRAGOSO, fifty six years of age and a native of Guadalajara in New Spain, was stationed in the Santa Fe garrison in 1790. His wife was Francisca £176} Ala-ri, forty-three.‘ He had made his last will as early as 1766, declaring that his parents were Domingo Fragoso and Beatriz de Hijar. He and Maria Francisca Alari had been mar IN THE ried ten years and had three chilclrvn: José Mamirrl, Mriria. .Ios(‘fu. (la la 1,113, nml Maria Antonia Dolores.” His wife had been reared from childhood by Tomasa Bcnavidcs, wife of Francisco Valdés.“ E I (15 ll '1‘ I6 E N '1‘ ll C la‘ N 'l‘ U it Y ziry 22, 1758, died at the age of nineteen lVl.'ll'(‘ll 15), 1778, of H|ll:lll])().\1.' ’l‘hiis the minie died, too. The only son, Jose’ Manuel, born on Janu 1. 2. 3. Sp. An-|i.. II. No. 1()!)(ia. lbld., 1, No. 275. ll)}d.. No. 104. 4. B, Sm. Fr; HSNM, l\lil. Papers. FRESQUEZ AMBROSIO FRESQUI was an Alférez of the militia at Santa Cruz in 1703.‘ He was very ill in 1709 when another man was ap pointed to replace him? He and a Francisco Fresqui were members of the Conquistadora Confraternityf‘ Ambrosio had a nephew by the name of Sebastian de Apodaca.‘ Iosé Fresqui, son of Ambrosio Fresqui, was married to Maria de Herrera and lived at Santa Cruz.5 He was dead by 1720, when his wife was mentioned as a widow.“ They had a daughter, Gertrudis, who mar ried an Antonio Martin in Santa Cruz, Au gust 25, 1725,’ and a son, Adaucto Isidro, mentioned as José’s son in 1754.3 Pedro Fresqui, a soldier of Guadalupe del Paso in 1719, was the son of Francisco Fres qui, deceased, and Maria Ortiz, both natives of New Mexico. Widowed of Micaela de Ar chuleta, Pedro married Clara Granillo.° The name in New Mexico finally evolved into “Frésquez,” to go with “Marquez” and other such names. 1. Sp. Arch., II, No. 89. 2. Bitch Coll., Box 2, No. 46. lbld., I, No. 641. lh|d.. II, No. 310. 3.0L&p.%. 4. S1).Arch., II, No. S°9°.*'.°‘F"‘ 1).“. 1725. No. 7. Sn. Arch., I. No. 1002. DM, 1719, No. 4. GABALD O N JUAN MANUEL GABALDON was in New Mexico as early as 1731.‘ In 1737 he acted as attorney in Santa Fe for Catalina Varela de Losada, widow of Tomé Dominguez de Men doza, residing in Chihuahua? He married Antonia Juliana Archibeque on July 26, 1735.3In 1744 he probated the estate of h.is mother-in—law,Maria de Roybal, widow of José Reaﬁo.‘ Her first husband was Miguel de Archibeque. He drew up his own will on July 14, 1745, whenhe stated that he was born in the City OfLos Angeles (Puebla), the son of Antonio Gabaldon and Micaela de Cordoba y Ren don. He had been married to Antonia Juliana Archibeque for eleven years, -by whom he had six children: Antonio (died in infancy), Antonio Manuel, Juan, Maria Ignacia, Este ban (died in infancy), and Micaela. One of the executors named was Fray Antonio Ga baldon, by permission of his superior.-" This Franciscan was then stationed at Santa Cruz, and seems to have been Juan’s elder brother, or an uncle. Juan did not die after making his will. He and Juliana had five more children: Miguel Ba-ltasar, baptized on January 8, 1749, by his uncle, the Vicario Roybal; Juan Antonio, [177] O 7 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO F/\l\«III_.lES March 3. 1753; Ma,m1.ula Ixlafaelu, .l\/larch 28, 1755; .lu.x'(- .IouquI'n, .()etober 21, .1758; and José Miguel, October 1, 1759.“ they had five sons ranging from fourteen years of age to three months, and a daughter who was ten. With him lived two of his bro thers, not named, twenty—one and thirteen years of age.” Miguel died on November 11, 1807, and his widow on February 2, 1829.” Their sons were: José Miguel, Manuel,” who married Maria Josefa Pino in 1814;“ Pedro José Mariano, born on June 21, 1795; and José Pablo, January 28, 1808.” 1. B-16. Nambé. sponsor. Dec. 3. 2. Sp. Arch., II, No. 422: here the name is once spelled, "Bagaldbn." M-50. Stu. Fe. Sn. Arch.. II. No. 458. Ibld., I. No. 339. All in B, Stu. Fe. 7. 31-11. Islotn; lurther data. Luna in l7E)(S;"‘IW(ll'l(LAntonia was born on January Miguel BaltcxscxrGabcxldén married Maria Gertrudis Chdvcz, on February 12, 1775, at Los Chavez.’ In 1790 he was the Comisionaclo of the first Plaza of Los Chavez and forty one years old. His wife was twenty-six, and 3. 4. 5. 6. Of their daughters, .Iu(mu. Maria married Jose Enrique her family cannot be ascertained without 26, 1778, at To‘mé;"‘ Maria Jultrma Encarnacion, born on March 31, 1794, married José Bruno Luna in 1809, and then Jose Antonio Otcro in 1827;” and Maria. /lnlonia Ncstoricma was born on Feb ruary 26, 1797.” * * * * =l< * F!‘ 1 Juan Ignacio Gabaldén was a native of Chi huahua, the son of Juan Gabaldén, deceased, and Francisca Gradillas, both of Chihuahua. He was thirty years old when he married Mica-ela Sdnchez, January 30, 1797.” Per haps he Was related to the Gabaldon family already established in New Mexico for two generations. 9. 10. 11. 12. B-54. Tomé, Bur. Sec. AASF, No. 30. 1).“, 1814, in Belén, no number. Both in B-54, Tome. 13. B-54. Tome, M. Sec. GENEALOGY: Juana Maria Gaba.l don. Toribio Luna, Marla Encarnacién Luna. Eugenio Chavez, Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Chavez. 14. B-54, Tome. J5. 1hId., B. and M. Sec.; DM, 1827, in Belén, no number. 16. II-54. Tnmé. 17. ll)Id., M. Sec. 8. Sp. An-h., II. No. 1092b. GAITAN Iosé Gcritén, twenty-two years old and a native of San Luis Potosi, the son of Andrés Gaitén and Maria de la Concepcion, married Cecilia de la Cruz in Santa Fe in 1694.‘ The girl came as a servant of the Martinez de Cervantes family in 1693.2After her death José married an Indian woman by the name of Geronima.“ 1. 2. 3 D31, 1694. No. 21. Sn. An-h., II, No. 54c. l).\[, 1697, N0. 6. GALINDO Antonio Iosé Gcxlindo, son of Jose Maria Galindo and Teodora Rita Santillancs, mar ried Maria- Dolores Barreras, on December [178] 29, 1793,at Tomé.‘ His father’s place of origin is not known. 1. ll-5!. Tomi‘, M. SOC. I1‘-I Till’. I‘]IGll'l‘l‘}l'lN’l‘ll (,‘I“.N'i‘UItY (HULEGOS The brothers JOSE and ANTONIO GAL LEGOSwere treated in the preceding cen wry. The following are their descendants who returned to New Mexico with the Re conquest: DiegoGallegos, sixteen years old and born in Bernalillo, the son of José Gallegos, de ceased,and Catalina Hurtado, married Josefa Gutierrez, on November 25, 1709.‘ He ac quired a land grant in 1730 on the north side of the old Pueblo of Cochiti in the ‘moun tains.His widow and children, the latter not named, were interested in the grant in 1748.” Nicolas and Juan Gallegos, brothers, were first cousins of Nicolas D. y Chavez. Juan ’ killed his cousin, Bernardo D. y Chavez, by accident.“ Therefore, they were the sons of JoséGallegos and Catalina Hurtado, sister of Lucia Hurtado who was the mother of these Chavez men. A sister of theirs, Maria, mar ried José Varela at Guadalupe del Paso in Nicolas Gallegos married Paula Molina, August 8, 1707, and they had a son, Juan, April 1, 1709.5 * * * III * III * AntonioGallegos, II, husband of Rosa Mon toya, was the son of the first Antonio and Catalina Baca.° He was twenty-two in 1699 9°."'5-'”.“':"‘.‘-’.'°!"‘ children.” Felipe Gallegos was also a son of the first Antonio Gallegos and Catalina Baca.“ He married ‘Antonia Aragén, September 2, 1708.” Two known children of theirs were: Juamr, born October 12, 1710, and Paula, June 28, 1730.” 1710.‘ =1! and living in Bernalilloﬂ His sister Elena married Santiago Grolé (Gurulé) in 1699.“ Antonio died as a Sargcnto at Bernalillo in 1715, leaving his widow, Rosa Montoya, and eight children: Maria, José, Juan Antonio, Margarita, Juana, Gertrudis, Josefa, and one “en el vientre.”” Most of them were born in Bernalillo: Maria, February 27, 1701; José, October 14, 1702; Juan Antonio, July 7, 1704; Margarita, February 10, 1706; Maria (Jose fa?), May 11, 1710.” The elder Maria married Juan Antonio Baca in 1716.“ Juan Antonio married Juana Varela in 1722.” A José Gallégos who mar ried Maria Silva prior to 1730, and died be fore 1732, seems to have been one of these Cristobal Gallegos married Juana (Ro mero), widow of Juan de Ribera, August 16, 1728. Nicolas Gallegos married Isabel Jaramillo, March 9, 1734." These two men belonged to any one of the preceding families. El. Sp. Arvin. I, No. 310. 10. B-13, Born. B-1:], B4-rn.. M. Scc.: DM, 1709, No. 7. Sn. Arch.. I, No. 1346. lhId.. II, Nos. 208. 120. ]).\l, 1710, No. 8. B-13, Bern. M. SdC.: B-2. Albuq. Relationships deduced, DM. 1716, No. 10. DM, 1699, No. 8. lbld., No. 5. 11. DM. 1716. N0. 10: Sp. Arch., II. No. 334. 1'2. llnId., 1722, No. 2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. H-3, AIhuq.. Arniijo-Silva. July '27, 1732. Sp. Ar(‘h.. II, No. 379. uncle of Ant. Gurulé. B-13. B:-rn.., l\i. Sec. B-2, Alhuq. Section between these dates is missing. Both in 31-3, Albuq. GALVAN' Juan Galvan was living at Zia Pueblo in 1727,a man of low estate and unknown ori gin.‘His sister, or sister-in-law, was a Lucia Iiurtado, who named him guardian of her two children, Matias and Maria, ten and two years of age. The names of their respective [179] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO 1"Al\/YILIES consorts are not given.” Galvan was assistant Navajos as a child, and was rescued sixteen Alculdv of Zia by 174/i.~"_ years A Juana Galvan, mestiza of Zia, died and left some property there in 1753."Known as “La Galvana,” she had been captured by the l.'1i<'r." Sp. An'h., II, No. 3-15, lh|:I., Nu. I106. l|)|d., N0. 45!). Il)ld., I. No. 193. I-"‘:“S*’P°!‘ ‘B-II, III, pp. 404-405. GAM B OA Cristébal de Gczmboa, son of Lucas de Gam boa and Isabel de Archuleta, both natives of New Mexico and deceased, married an An tonia Lopez, “La Manca,” at Guadalupe del Paso in 1695,two years after the Reconquest. She was a Tigua of the pre-Rebellion Pueblo of Sandia, and both were related in the sec ond degree of affinity.‘ Juan de Gamboa, widowed of Gertrudis Jorge, married Antonia cle Contreras in 1710, also at Guadalupe del Paso.” None of the seventeenth-century Gamboas, it seems, came back to New Mexico in 1693. III a‘: * * * * * ico City. He was then thirty—four years old, the son of Santiago, having small eyes, a sharp nose, and was pockmarked. His wife was Maria de Zépeda, thirty, a native of Mexico City of unknown parentage; she had an aquiline face, a high forehead, and small deep-set eyes. Their children, all born in Mexico City, were: Juan, eleven, swarthy, with a high forehead and a small nose; Juana, eight, with a dark aquiline face and three moles on it; and Catalina, one year old, dark, with large eyes and a small nose.3 * Juan de Gumbocx,a native of Puebla, came with the colonists of 1693 recruited in Mex 1. DM. 1695. Nos. 4. 9. 2. Ibld., 1710, N0. 20. Diego de Gamboa and Ynez de Herrera, both of unknown parentage, were married at Santa Cruz in 1704.‘ 3. 4. Sp. Ari-h., II, No. 54C. DM, 1704. No. 2. GAO NA JOSE DE GAONA and his wife, Manuela Rodriguez, were living in the “Rancho de José Miguel de la Pena” in 1777.‘The earliest mention of this couple is in 1751, when she had twins in Santa Fe: Juan Vicente Nepo muceno and Vicente de San Juan Nepomu ceno, October 30, 1751.2 One of them died on January 31, 1752.”A daughter, Maria Josefa, was born on April 21, 1760:“ Vicente Géonu, son of José Gaona and Manuela Rodriguez, of the Rancho de Nues ll M-'35. Sto. Domingo. 2- 15. Sta. Fe. 3- Bur-48, Sta. Fe. [13o} tra Senora de Guadalupe, jurisdiction of Santo Domingo, married Manuela Armijo of Vallecito, daughter of José Antonio Armijo and Rosa Aragon, in 1775.“ They had two children, Antonio, April 12, 1778, and Juana, May 21, 1780.“ Juan Antonio “Gabona,” natural son of Juana “Gabona,” was born on June 14, 1767. The godmother was Dona Barbara de la Pena.’ 1 5. 6. 7 1!. Sta. Fe. HM, 1775, no number. M-35, Sto. Domingo, B. Soc. B-14, Oochlll. IN THE I-3IGiI’I‘El')N’l‘l[ CI'}N'I‘UltY GARCIA HOLGADO Of this 17th century family of New Mex ico,some members returned with the Recon quest, but they cannot be connected with their ancestors, Others stayed at Guadalupe del Paso. child on January 20, 1708, whose name the Padre forgot to enter,“ probably a miscar riage that did not survive. In 1710,January 14, they had another boy, Nicol(is.' Maria Pe trona Candelaria was born on February 4, 1727, and Alonso in 1730.5 Cristobal Garcia -married Isabel Romero (or Lépez, Salazar) in 1702.‘ They had a son, Cristobal, November 29, 1703,” and another 1. D31. No. 4, incomplete. 2. M-2-!. S. I|d., B. see. 3. B-2. Albuq. Cristobal Garcia II, widowed of Gertrudis Lopez, married Ana Maria Fernandez, Octo ber 6, 1740.“ 4. IhId.. section missing for next several years. 5. Ibld. 6. M-27. S. Juan. GARCIA de NORIEGA Of the descendants of Alonso Garcia de Noriega I, some remained at Guadalupe del Paso, to prosper and, generations later, to intermarry with New Mexico families. But the majority returned with Vargas in 1693. Onedaughter, Juana, was the wife of Anto nio Dominguez de Mendoza; another, Josefa, came to Santa Fe with her husband, Alonso Rael de Aguilar. JUAN GARCIA DE NORIEGA remained at Guadalupe del Paso with his second wife, Francisca Sanchez de Ynigo, and their chil dren. A daughter, Maria Ana, by his first wife, had married Miguel de Herrera three years before the Vargas Reconquest.‘ Of the known children by the second wife, Franciscomarried Maria Jirén de Tejeda at Guadalupe del Paso in 1710,’ and Maria be came the wife of Juan Martin Navarro de Quesada, also at Guadalupe 1del Paso, in 1704.3 ALONSO GARCIA DE NORIEGA II took part, in the Reconquest as a Captain." His first wife, Ana Jorge de Vera, had died at Guadalupe del Paso, and in 1694Alonso mar ried Maria Luisa Godines in Santa Fe.5 He gave his age as fifty-five in 1695.“In 1696 he was wounded by an Apache arrow at the Paraje del Agua Escondida, while on his way to Santa Fe, and he died some time after at Sevilletaf Alonso’s children by his first wife were: Luis, Alonso III, Tomas, and Vicente. Luis Garcia de Noriega married Josefa Xarvier y Baca, reared in.the Valverde fam ily, on August 27, 1703.5 With his brothers Alonso and Vicente he was a grantee of San Antonio in the Rio Abajo." His wife died on January 20, 1735.” His will in 1747 gave Josefa “Valverde” as his first wife, whose only child, Rosalia, was married to a Salvador Martinez. His second wife was Barbara Garcia Jurado, by whom he had four children: Luis, Ana Maria, Maria Rosa, and La-zaro Antonio.“ The last child was baptized on February 21, 1745, with To mas de Sena and Luisa Garcia as sponsors.” One girl, Maria Rosa, became the wife of Ventura Romero.” [181] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Tomas Garcia de Noriega married Juana Ilu'rla-do, widow of Crisl.(>l):il do Cm’-l|:ii‘, on January 7, 1705.” While solclicring in Santa Fe in 1725, but claiming Albuquerque as his l\/Iaria dc la Vega, wife of “El Cojo,” died on July 5, 173.")..lu.'1n tlivn lll.'ll‘l'l(‘(i IZurliur!L residence, he stated that he was forty years Baca on August 2!), 1735. After his (loath, September 5, 1736, she lnZll‘l‘iC(ia Francisco Velasquez, August 11, 1737.“ His relationship old.” , His known with‘the preceding Garcias cannot be ascer taincd. children were: FT(171(.‘i.%'C(I., born on June 21, 1706, who married José Gonzalez in 1719;” Maria Luisa, born August 12, 1708, who married Tomas Antonio de Sena in 1723;” and Salvador Matias, born March 8, 1711, who first married Catalina Sanchez, and then Margarita D. y Chavez in 1761.” Vicente Garcia de Noriega married Cata lina Gonzalez of Bernalillo on February 7, 1710.” He gave his age as thirty-five in 1727.“ By 1733 he was living in Alameda when his family was believed to have been hexed by some Isleta Indians.“ A daughter, Juana Antonia, was born on June 20, 1731.“ Vicente died on January 11, 1740.” 1! * * * 3|! * * * Iuan Garcia de Noriega, nicknamed “El Cojo,” lived in Santa Fe in the decades fol lowing the Reconquest. In 1736 he made his will, in which he stated that he and his first wife,Maria Vega, had been married for thir ty-five years. They had five children: Maria Francisca, now married to J osé Baca; Lazaro, married to Maria Antonia Nieto; Antonia Camila; Santiago; and Francisco. His second wife was Barbara Baca, whom he had married the previous year and who had one child, Feliciana.“ 1).“. 1690. No. 1. lhld., 1710, No. 3. Ihld.. 1704. No. 3. First Exp:-dltlnn. pp. 68, 45. 1).“, 1694. No.l20. 112111.,1695, No. 15. 1hld., 1696, No. 23. lbld., 1703. No. 5; B-13, Bern. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 340. . Bur-2, Albuq. . Sp. Arch.. 1, Nos. 340. 341, 343; II, No. 1221. . I!-2, Alhuq. . Sp. Arrh., II, No. 620. . II-13, I11-rn., M. SEC. . DM. 1725. No. 1. II-2, Alhuq.; HM, 1719. No. 6. . B-2, /|Il)uv|.: Hill. 1723, No. 2. GEN}-‘.l\l.0GY: Marin Lnlsa Gun-in do Norlrgn, Grnclnnn Prlltloncla Sena. Mnnucl Rl~ born, Marla Gumlalupc Rllicrn. Mnrln Dolores Alnrhl. Rnmu:i1 ~I::.1a;ah3>-JO‘ ‘'‘'' pr-.A'._A'_A>_A\-Anal-l:D$-lO‘:Ul.E-OJNH-I [132] Francisco Garcia de Noriega, widowed of Maria de Ribera, married Juana Sedillo, Wi dow of Carlos Lopez, on March 17, 1732.2“ The first wife had died on January 28, 1732.“ Children by this first wife were: Lazaro, who married Nicolasa Lépez, and then Fran cisca Varelaf“ Maria Francisca, born Decem ber 14, 1705;” and Antonia, February 20, 1711.-""’ * =1: * * * * * Juan Esteban Garcia de Noriega was a prominent individual of the Rio Arriba dis trict. On June 23, 1721,he married Luisa G6 mez Laja-n, or Gomez del Castillo, with ex Governor Valverde as sponsor.“ He was thir ty-five years old in 1731 and residing in Santa Cruz.” This connection with Valverde points to his being a close relative of Luis Garcia and Josefa Xavier. Their known children were: José Ansel mo, born April 25, 1722; Juan Tomas, De cember 26, 1723;” José Joaquin, who married Maria Concepcion Garcia de la Mora, Octo ber 13, 1761;““ José, born January 20, 1730; and Antonio, February 20, 1742.35 do Roybal, Nicolasa Rnybnl, Fr. A. Chzivcz. 18. B-2. Alhuq.; l).\l. 1761, in Albuq., no number. 15!. “-13, Hi~rn., M. Soc.; 1).“. 1710. N65. 18, 22. 20. 1).“. 1727, No. 4. 21. Sp. Ax-ch., II, No. 381. 22. 23. 24. 25. B-2, Alhuq. Bur-2. Albuq. Sp. Arch" I. No. 1225. Bur-48 and 31-50, Sta. Fe. 26. M—3. Album. 27. Bur-2, Alhuq. 28. M-Z1.1\||n|q., Sept. N, 1728. 251. M-24, S. ll(l., 13. Sec. 30. 11-2. l\llmr|. 31. 31-24, 5’. H11. 512. “I|l|(‘I‘H", N310, 1731; Crcspo. pars. I13, Blilh In M-2|, S. lI(l., 13. SP0. 1'20-'2-1. (H. .\l-29. Stu. Cruz; Sp. ArrIi., II, No. 556. :55, Ruth In ll-31. Sin. Clnrn. l N '1‘ ll E l‘) I C H 'l‘ 1'} H N '1‘ ll (7 I". N '1‘ U It Y GARCIA de la RIVA MIGUEL GARCIA DE LA RIVA, or Riba (alsooften written “de la Rivas”), was a na tive of Mexico City and a weaver by trade, who joined the colonists of 1693 with his wife, Mica-eta Velasco, and their five chil dren: Miguel, fourteen, Maria, twenty, An tonia,fifteen, Maria Francisca, ten, and Teo dora, seven.‘ His wife became a member of the Confraternity of La Conquistadora on ar rival? Miguel received a grant in the Paja rito area sometime after the Reconquestf‘ 01' the children, Juan, an older son who must have enlisted as a soldier and was not liste-dwith the family, married Feliciana Raelde Aguilar.“ He was an Alcalde of Santa Fe in 1716, when he gave his age as thirty four, and his birthplace, Mexico City; in that year I10 declared his intention to return there.” Teodora married Juan Paez Ilurtado in 1705, and Manuela (Maria) became the wife of Salvador Montoya.“ By 1716, old Miguel had died, either in New Mexico, or, more likely, in Mexico City, where the rest of the family had returned.’ In that year the mother came back to visit her two married daughters, and to see about the patrimony due a natural child of another daughter by ex-Governor Cuervo y Valdés.“ Teodora and Manuela died on the same day and were buried together in the Conquista dora Chapel, November 17, 1736.” nN.\I. leg. 1, pt. 1. p. 790. 0L(‘, 1). 67. sp. Ar('lI.. I, No. 51?. Ibid., .°5"?’-.'-‘!°.*‘ G. GENEALOGY: 11, No. 29-1. DM. 1716, N0. 17; AGN, Mcx., lnq., t. 533, exp. 32, f. Mnnur-In Garcia do In Riva, Miguel Mon toya. Barbara Montoya, Maria Manuela Lucero. Tomas Baca, Nieanora Baca. Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Chavez. 7. Sp. An-h., I, No. 512. 8. lbld., II, No. 265. 9. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. GARCIA JURADO JOSE GARCIA JURADO was a native of MexicoCity, the son of Fernando, and forty years old, when he joined the 1693 colonists with his family. He was tall, with a broad forehead and nose, and small deep-set eyes. Hiswife, Josefa de Herrera, was thirty, the daughter of Agustin Mazin, and born in Ori cana.Of medium height, she had big eyes, a lowforehead, and heavy eyebrows. They had two nsons, both born in Puebla: Antonio,seventeen, with a high forehead, smalleyes, and a scar beneath the chin; and Ramon, thirteen, with a broad face, large eyes, small nose, and a scar on the left cheek.‘The older boy ran away before the journeystarted north from Zacatecas.” OldJosé was much mistreated by Govern or Valverde; by 1702 he was in Mexico City, representingthe Council of Santa Fe against Valvérde’sconfirmation as Governor.-" Ramon Garcia Iurado carried on his fath er’s feud, for as late as 1723 he also was at the Viceregal Court presenting grievances against the Bustamante—Valverde clique.“ He had married Antonia d.e Espinola in Santa Fe, May 4, 1697, when he was eighteen, Here he gave José Garcia Jurado as his father, but Maria Rodriguez de Alava as -his mother;“ hence, Josefa de Herrera in the Velasco list must have been his step-mother; and it ex plains his elder brother’s running away from the colony. Ramon and Antonia had one daughter, Pctronila, who became the wife of Pedro Asencio Lopez, and later of Juan Antonio Baca.“ After his first wife's death, Ramon mar ried Bernardina Hurtado at Albuquerque in 1710.’ He was Alférez Real in the Moqui [183] ORIGINS 01'‘ NEW MEXICO FAMILIES campaign of 1716.“ As Alcalde of Bcrnalillo and nearby Pueblos in 1732, he was accused by the Padres and others of mistreating the Indians." On August 5, 170.‘),he had carved his name on Inscription Rock, while on the way to Zuﬁi.‘” He died on April 6, 1760, at the age of eighty.“ The known children by his second wife sp. Arch.. BNM, leg. Crusaders, Sn. A!‘('h., D31. 1697. II. No. 5-lc. 4. pt. 1, pp. 790-5. pp. 315. 336. 339. II, No. 319. No. 3. _ GENEALOGY: P:-trnnila Garcia Jurado. Juan Francisco Baca. Paulln Baca, Pablo Baca, Tomas Baca, Nicanora Baca. Fabian Chavez. Fr. A. Chavez. °".°‘:"E-*’!°!" 7. DM, 1710, No. 20. were: Pedro /llcrintara-, born February 1711, who married lVl:mu(-inQuintana, 2, Fe}; ruary 25, 1732;” Ramon II, who married An drea Gallegos, and then Rosalia Baca, but had no surviving children when he died in 1768;” Toribio, who married Brigida Vallejo in 1766;“ and Teresa, born on January 1, 1727.‘-" 8. 9. 10. rblo, 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Sn. Arch., II. Nos. 239], 230. lbId., No. 367. Art and Arch.. Vol. 34. p. 147: Mesa. Canyon, and Yu p. 472; Lummis misread it as “Paez Iluriado." Bur-2. Album. B-2 and M-3, Alhuq. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 366. 1).“, 1766. in AIbuq.. no number. B-2, Albuq. GARCIA de la MORA JUAN GARCIA DE LA MORA was born in La Villa de Pozuelo de Almagro, in the Archbishopric of Toledo, the son of Juan Garcia de la Mora and Manuela Gonzalez. On January 10, 1725, he married Maria de Hornero at Pozuelo de Calatrava. A few months later, suspecting his wife of infidel ity, he murdered her, fled to Sevilla, and from there shipped to the Indies. From Ha bana he found his way to New Mexico, where he married Josefa. Martin on August 3, 1735.Her parents were Marcial Martin and Leogarda de Medina of La Soledad, near San Juan Pueblo.‘ A previous wedding ceremony had taken place on November 11, 1733.2 1. AGN, Mex., lnq., t. 849. 11. 55-68. 2. M-27. S. Juan. 3. All in B-27, S. Juan. His New Mexican family was as follows: Antonio, born October 16, 1734; Josefa-, Feb ruary 9, 1736; Juan, June 13, 1737; Antonia Manuela, March 14, 1740; Maria Concepcion, December 16, 1742; Manuel Manchego, Janu ary 1, 1745; José, March 21, 1747; and Juan Simon, February 23, 1749.3 Maria Concepcién married Joaquin Gar cia de Noriega in 1761. A Maria del Rosario Garcia de la Mora married Santiago Ortiz, April 23, 1759.‘A Manuel Garcia de la Mora was Alcalde of Abiquiu in 1809.5 All, no doubt, were children of old Juan. An Antonio Garcia de la Mora and Josefa Griego had an eighteen—year-old son, Fran cisco, who enlisted as a soldier in 1790.“ 4. 31-27. S. Juan. 5. Sp. Arch., 1, N0. 606. 6. llS.\'.\I, Mil. Papers. i GAR CIA (Others) Manuel Garcia PAREIAS,native of Temble que near Toledo, married a widow, Rosalia Abeytia, on November 4, 1755. He had a first wife, Isabel Vicenta Lozano, presumably in [134] Spain, by whom he had a son who was also dead. Manuel had no children by his second wife, with whom he had resided at La Sole dad in Rio Arriba.‘ IN THE Iu‘IGIl’I‘EI~‘.N’I‘ll CENTURY Florencio Garcia de LIRA, twenty, a native of San Juan del Rio, the son of Salvador do Lara (sic) and Magda1ena‘Garc1'a, servants ofGeneral Antonio Valvcrdc, married Juana Padilla of Santa Fe, January 7, 1717.2 Martin Garcia, thirty-eight, from Sombre rete, was in Santa Fe in 1693. Also, a Miguel Garcia, forty, a native of Mexico City, in ‘ 1694.3 It is not known if they were transients, oxen-train drivers, or actual residents. Iosé Garcia, a native of San Juan del Rio in New Spain, the son of Manuel Garcia and Mariade Estrella, made his last will in 1754. Hehad been married for twenty years to his first wife, Maria de Guadalupe y Mendoza, whohad no children. His second wife was Tomasa Romero, sis ter of Salvador and Felipe Romero of Santa Cruz. They had seven children: Maria (dead),Juan Antonio (dead), Isabel (dead), NicolasAntonio, Maria Josefa, and Antonio José.‘The seventh is not named. José Manuel Garcia SANDARTE, or LECH UGA,a native of San Miguel de Horcasitas 1. M-27, S. Junn; Sp. Arch., 1, No. 359. in Sonora, settled in the Rio Abajo in the middle of the centiiry. His; parents were Juan Maria Garcia Sandarte and Maria del Rosario Lechuga. José married Maria Bar bara Baca of Belen, daughter of Ventura Jo jola and Jacinta Baca, on February 12, 1769.5 In 1790he was the head of the community of Los Jaralcs, with his wife, three sons, and four daughters." He died, a widower, on April 16, 1793, leaving one son and five daughters? Juan Garcia y MORENO -married Maria Antonia Montaﬁo in March or April, 1783, “con dispensa de Ultra7narino.”" In other words, he came from overseas (Spain). Other Garcias are mentioned in early rec ords of this century who cannot be identified without further data. If not members of the Holgado group, they were either Garcia de Noriega or Garcia Jurado, if not members of the odd families just treated. By the end of the century, practically all of the Garcias had dropped the second surname. By this to ken the Garcias ought to be the most numer ous in New Mexico, though stemming from widely different sources. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2. D31. 1717. N0. 2. 3. 1bId.. 1693. No. 10; 1694. No. 19. 4. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 359. DM. 1769, in Albuq.. no number; M—l1, Islets. Sp. Arch.. II, No. 1092b. B-54, Tome. Bur. Sec. M-4. Albuq. GARDUNO BARTOLOMIZ‘.GARDUNO and his wife, CatalinaDurdn, lived in Santa Fe in the years following the Reeonquest. When he married her in 1695, he gave his name as Bartolomé Sanchez, a native of Queretaro, the son of Juan Sanchez and Ana Gonzalez, and twenty-one years old at the time.‘ In 1713he was assigned to carry some official Papersto the Viceroy.‘ Ilis widow died some time before 1752; a grandson, José Miguel, ried Juana Sedillo in 1720.‘The two men fol lowing, Francisco and Felipe, were very likely his sons also. Francisco Garduﬂo acted as a godfather in 1714; he was twenty-nine in 1727 and living in Santa Fe.“ Felipe Garduﬂo of Santa Fe married Leo narda Cordoba, on September 29, 1733.“ “'353 Soldier in Santa Fe at this time.“ Bartolomé had a son, Gregorio, who mar José Gardmio had a sister Maria Diega [185] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES larduﬁo, who died prim" to 17512, and hail been the wife of :1 eerl.'1in “Vi1(m." (i(ll)l'i(‘l, 1. her son, \v.'ls an i-ousin in .lo.\'«7 IV]!-‘(]1L(’l. Car (l7l’f0. gI‘.'nirlsmi of old l¥.'n'i.nlo1n(".’ DM. 1li9.’i, No. 13. 2, Sn. 4\n'h.. II. No. 193. 5. 3. 4. G. l\l-27. S. Juun. 7. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 351. lh|(l.. I, No. 2113. DM, 1720, N05. 3, 5. M—2-I,s. 11.1.. Nov. 25; 1).“. 1727, No. 5. GILTOMEY Iosé Manuel Giltoméy most likely came as a soldier of the Reconquest. His name ap pears in Santa Fe land deeds from 1696 on.‘ In that year he also acted as a church no tary." He died on April 21, 1727, the husband of Isabel de Olivass‘ A daughter, Mariana-,married Ignacio Mar tin, January I7, 1730;“another, Rosalia, was the wife of Juan Manuel Varela.-” Sp. Arch., I, Nos. '2, 293, 298, 639; II, No. 94. 1).“, 1696. N0. 8. Bur-48, Sm. Fe. I-":“‘§*‘.*°.“ 31-27, S. Jlmn. Sp. Arch., 1, Nos. 37, 862. GINZO Vicente Ginzo Rén y Tobar was the Ten iente of the Santa Fe Presidio under Gov ernor Marin del Valle.‘ He had married Pru dencta Gonzalez Bas, widow of Antonio Ta born December 23, 1748,“and Diego Antonio, foya, in 1743.’ Garcia de Noriega, in 1802.‘ 1. Bancroft, NMO. 1756. 2. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 25; M, Sta. Clara. They had at least two sons: Juan Antonio, who married Maria Gertrudis Dominguez, daughter of Vicente Dominguez and Maria 3. 4. B-27, S. Juan. 1).“. 1802, in A1buq., no number. GODINES ANTONIO GODINES, a widower, joined the 1693 colonists with his daughter, Maria Luisa, who was twenty years old.‘ He was described in ‘the other Velasco list as a na tive of Mexico City, thirty-three, the son of Don Francisco, of medium height, with a narrow forehead, joined eyebrows, and large eyes. His daughter, fourteen (a more likely age), was also born in Mexico City; she had a round face, a large forehead, and big eyes.“ He was named one of the first Alcaldes of Santa Fe after the Reconquest.“ ‘In 1694Antonio married Maria Dominguez [186] de Mendoza, when he gave his parents as Don Francisco de Godines and Josefa de Es trada, both natives of Mexico City.‘ His house, up until 1714,was on the Calle Real of Santa Fe between the Plaza and the Church then being built.” He worked on the restora tion of San Miguel Chapel.“ In _l7l4 he made his last will, declaring the names of his par ents and of his first wife, Mariana cle Villa vieencio, by whom he had three children: Manuel and /lnionia, both living in the City of Mexico, and Maria Luisa, who had accom pztnied him and resided in Santa Fe with her husband. Antonio Tafoya_ He had no chil IN THE l5IGll'l‘El‘IN'I'll (Iron by his scconrl wile. NvplH.‘ws of his were Captain Juan Garcia dc la Riva and Captain Miguel de Sandoval Martinez.’ Maria Luisa was first married to Alonso ff BN1“, leg, 4, pt. 1. pp. 790-5. sp. Arch., II. No. 54C. 1).“. 1694. No. 28. $".~‘S°$°'.‘ Cl‘}N'l'URY Garcia do Nu1'i(’g‘.'1ll, who was killed by Apaches in 1696; then slm was s;pnlr.m1for by Juan de Atienza, but she Cl13l']gL'dher mind, and finally married Antonio Tafoyaf‘ G. Kubler, p. 19. 7. Sp. ,Arch., 1. No. 305. md.. 1694. No. 2?. sp. Arvin, I. No. 498. 8. D“, 1694, No. 20; ‘lﬁflﬁ. No, 2'3; Sp. Arch” Genealogy. Tnroyn, note 17. 1, No, fl-“.‘.‘l.’w:: SEW‘ GOMEZ (Gomez del Castillo) It looks as though no male descendants of the seventeenth century Gomez families re turned with the Reconquest. Some women of the Parra and Barragén group appear in earlyrecords. Other early Gomez people had long adopted the second part of the name, like the Torres and Luna families. Of the onceprominent Gomez Robledo family, only the daughters of Andrés Gomez Robledo, killed during the siege of Santa Fe in 1680, returned in 1693. But early in the century there appears the mysterious family of GOMEZ DEL CASTIL LO: Francisco, Juan, and Luisa, all children of Juaina Lujdn, daughter of Matias Lujén and Francisca Romero, who had a prosper oushomestead near San Ildefonso, including Apache and other Indian servants. These three children were already adults in 1732, sometimes called “Lujén,” but mostly “Go mezdel Castillo,” a name which became per manent.In her last will in 1762,‘their moth er mentioned herimarriage to Francisco Mar tin, by whom there was no issue, then de clared the three Gomez del Castillo as her carnalchildren and heirs. Themystery arises, not from the mere fact of illegitimacy, but because there was no “Gomezdel Castillo" family in New Mexico beforeor during this time. What seems very likely is that Juana Lujén had her three childrenat Guadalupe del Paso by Antonio or Bartolomé Gomez Robledo,” sons respec tively of Francisco and Bartolomé Gomez Robledo by some Lopez del Castillo woman; for Juana Lujan and her children were very close to the family of Ignacio Roybal, Whose wife was a Gomez Robledo. Francisco Gomez del Castillo was twenty two in 17323and was already married to Ulr sula Guillén, as attested by the lbaptisms of their children. Once he is referred to as “Go mez del Castillo, alias Lujanf” He was dead by 1762when his mother made her last will and included his orphans among her heirs. His widow was still living at their ranch in 1766,when she declared that two of her boys had been killed by raiding Utes that May.” These were their children: L'ugarda, born July 6, 1728; Juana Maria, January 6, 17340; Francisco Simon, October 31, 1733; Pruden cia, April 10, 1737; Barbara, 1739;” illlouriaJa sefa, March 29, 1741; Tomiis, March 11, 1743; Antonio, April 15, 1745; Sebastieiu, February 3, 1747;’ and Maria Antonia, who married Marcos Lucero de Godoy.‘ Barbara married Cayetano de Atienza in 1757,and Joseta be came the wife of a Pedro Trujillo in 1757." Juan Gomez del Castillo married diitoniu Quintana, by whom he had several children. Juliana was born on March 2. 1732.” The mother was abducted for some days by a ne gro in August, 1734,an event which created [137] ORIGINS OF NEVVMEXICO FAMILIES quite a stir." Other children were born as cisco and Juan, married Juan Esteban Gar follows: Ni.ml(is, December 11, 1736; Maria Manuela, January 17, 1739; Juan Domingo, cia (lc Noriega. February 12, 1742; Antonia /lpolonia, Febru ary 10, 1745; and then twins on September 10, 1747, Eugenio and Rosalia.” Luisa Gomez del Castillo, sister of Fran Sp. An-h., II. No. 556. See (.‘«‘mn~zllohli-«lo. preceding * =l< * * * * It Laurcano Gomez, thirty, a native of Gua najuato, or Sombrerete, appeared twice as a witness in 1696.” He was killed at Cochiti shortly after, and his widow, Josefa de la Cruz, married Nicolas de Espinosa. nu-1. dn-I Cnstlllo. century. I\l:u‘gnritn Lucc-ro. l\l.1rla Ignacin Archuletu. Marla Josefa Quintana, Dcsiderio Rnybal, Romualdo Roybal, llmicroft. NMO, 1732. Sp. Arch.. II. No. 422. IhId.. I. No. 1351: II, No. 556. Nicolusa Roybal, Fr. A. Ch.’n'ez. 9. 31-31, Stu. Clam. 10. B-24, S. 11d. All In B-2-I. S.I1d. 9“r“.3‘$“:“5*’!°E" * All in M-31, Sta. Clara, B. see. Sp. Arch., I. No. 1351. GENEALOGY: Maria Antonla G6 11. Sp. Arch., II, No. 400. 12. All in B-24, S. lld. 13. I)“, 1696, N05. 12. 13. GONGORA JUAN DE GONGORA, a wax-worker of Mexico City, joined the colonists of 1693 with his wife, Petronila de la- Cueva, and their five children: Cristobal, twenty, Maria Gertrudis, nine, Francisca, six, Gregorio, five, and Juan José, seven months old.‘ Juan died in Mexico City before starting out,2 but his widow undertook the journey to New Mex ico with her family. Petronlla de la Cueva was born in the City of Mexico, the daughter of Lorenzo, and was thirty-three years old in 1693. All the chil dren were also born in Mexico City. Cristo bal was fair-skinned, pockmarked about the eyes, and had three moles on the left cheek. Gertrudis had a broad face, and large eyes and forehead. Francisca had an aquiline face with big eyes, and a thick nose. Gregorio was white and ruddy with large black eyes, and :“.°’."’!" BNM, leg. 4, pt. 1, pp. 790-5. DM, 1694, No. 4. Sp. Arch., II, No. 5-1c. DM, loc. elt.; AGN, l\Iex., Inr|., t. 758, ii. 468 el seq. [188] Juan (José), the same, but with large gray eyes.“ The widow married Juan de Chaves Me dina in Santa Fe in 1694 where she later ac quired notoriety as a local gossip.‘ Josefa, who had first married Felipe Jiménez, be came the wife of Antonio Molinar in 1696. Gregoria and her husband, Antonio Gutiér rez, were living at Isleta in 1719.5 Maria, twenty-two and single, was living with her mother in Santa Fe in 1714.6 Cristobal -de Gongoru lived in Santa Fe with his wife, Ynez de Aspeitia, known as “La Memela.” He left her on grounds of adul tery and witchcraft.’ He was a soldier of the Presidio and also sang in the church choir.’-‘ A Gongora who collected alms for the resto ration of San Miguel chapel in 1710 was in all likelihood this same man.” DM. 1719, N0. 2. AG.\'. loc. ell. S‘-"?“."5"’S-“ D31. 1696. N0. 15: 1703, No. 2; 1703. No. 4. AGN. Inc. clt.. L 735. 1. 277 Kublcr. p. 19. IN THE l'3lGII'l‘ElEN’1‘ll CENTURY JGONZALEZ (Bernal and Bas) JUAN GONZALEZ BERNAL died before the Reconquest, but some of his children re turned to Santa Fe. Two daughters of his were Antonia Bas Gonzalez and her sister Melchora.Antonia lived with her daughter and two grandchildren in Santa Fe, while Melchorahad moved to Santa Cruz. In 1704, theydeposed that land in the center of Santa Fe, unfairly granted to Diego Arias de Quirés,had belonged to Isabel Bernal before 1680.‘ Melchorahad a niece, Ana Bernal, the wife ofLuis Lopez. She lived with Diego Gonza lez,and a Juan Gonzalez was also Ana Ber nal’suncle.” Juan testified in 1691 as “Juan GonzalezBernal” that he was a native of NewMexico and twenty-three years old.3 In short,both Diego and Juan seem to be broth ersof Antonia and Melchora. SEBASTIAN GONZALEZ BAS, who re turned with the Reconquest, is in all likeli hoodthe one described in 1680-81; he must not be confused with the Adjutant of the samename who stayed at Guadalupe del Paso.‘ Sebastian died in Santa Fe on June 11, 1726,and his widow, Lucia Ortiz, passed awayon March 3, 1738.5 He was an uncle of Juan Gonzalez Bas of the Rio Abajo,“ and thereforea brother, or half-brother, of Juan GonzalezBernal. He was a member and of ficerin 1693of the Conquistadora Confrater nity.’ _ Apparently, he had no children of his own. Hisheirs, Sebastiana Gonzalez, wife of Ge ronimode Ortega, and Salvador Gonzalez of Santa Fe, were orphans (very likely close relatives) reared by him.*’ Salvador Gonzalez married Leonicia de la Vega, April 13, 1730.9 JUANGONZALEZ BAS, late in 1731 when hewasAlcalde Mayor of Albuquerque, boast edthat he had returned at the time of the Re conquest with his family, to re-occupy the house where he had been born. He gave his parents’ names as Juan Gonzalez Bas and Nieolasa Zaldivar Jorge. His two brothers were already dead; Captain Sebastian Gon zalez Bas, also deceased, was his uncle.” By 1710 he was already a Captain and residing in Bernalillo, when he gave his age as forty." In 1712 he was appointed Alcalde Mayor of Albuquerque, which so angered old Don Fer nando Duran y'Chaves that the latter as saulted Juan, calling him a “perro yndio Griego,” an epithet he had used on Juan’s father without being contradicted. Whatever Don Fernando’s right in acting so rudely, the incident shows that Gonzalez belonged to the old “Bernal-Griego” clan.” Juan pros pered, nevertheless, both as an official and landholder in the Rio Abajo,” until his death at Alameda‘ on November 14, 1743; his wi dow, Maria Lopez del Castillo, survived him.” He had been a member of the Confra ternity of La Conquistadora, whose flocks of sheep were in his care in 1700.” His name is on El Morro with those of two contempora ries, Salvador Holguin and José Naranjo.‘5‘* He had many daughters: Catalina, who married Vicente Garcia in 1710 ‘at Berna lillo;‘“ Antonia, who married Juan de Ta foya in 1716;" Juana, born July 30, 1701,who married Pedro Varela in 1716;” Prudencia, born May 8, 1704, who married Antonio de Tafoya, and then Vicente Ginzo;‘” Ynez, born January 30, 1703; Valentina, November 4, 1706; and Maria Quiteria, May 28, 1708.” His known sons were José and Juan II. Iosé Gonzél-ez Bas married Francisca Gar cia de Noriega at Albuquerque in 1719.“ Two children born to them were Maria Ca silda, April 15, 1731, and Lorenza, August 18, 1734.“ Presumably, there were several oth ers born before them. Both her parents were dead when Casilda married Antonio Domin go Arehibeque in Santa Fe on April 6, 1750.” [139] ORIGINS ()l" I\'l~ZWMl-lXlC(,) l*‘AMll.Il".S Iuan Gonzalez Bas II was born on January 10,I710.“ lle built :1church in Alameda, Nu cs(,1*(L Senora de la Conccpcian, at the time Bishop Crespo visited New Mexico, and its license was re—approved by Bishop Tamaron in his visitation of 1759, when it was in charge of his son, /llejandro Gonzalez Baas. The latter left it to his son, Gaspar Gonza lez.'-’~” Another son was Antonio Gonzalez, mentioned as Alejandro’s brother, who was married to Josefa Varela.” Alejandro’s wife was Teresa Fernandez de la Pedrera.“ The wife of Juan II was Manuela Baca, if, indeed, he is the man of this name whose wife had a child, Andres Facundo, Novem ber 30, 1734.” 4. 4: an * >9: >1: * =0: Diego Gonzétlez, of the Bernal group, resi dent of Santa Fe and then of Santa Cruz in the same year, 1698, was twenty-four or twenty—fiveyears old, and a native of New Mexico.” He is, to all appearances, the Diego in whose house Melchora Gonzalez was liv ing in 1704.3"In 1702 he bought land in the vicinity of Chimayo, and in the following year he was an Alférez of the militia.“ His wife was Maria de Benavides." Her husband was dead by 1736 when some of their children are mentioned. These were Juan Angel, married to Antonia D. y Cha ves, Diego II (their mother had married To See preceding century. par. 105: Bancroft. I p. 474. 17. )Md., 1716, No. 19: here she is called both “Bns" “I!crno.l." 18. “-111. Bt~rn.; DM, 1716. No. 14. 1712. B-13. ll:-.rn.; DM, 1722, No. 3: M, Stu. (Ilnm. [190] three children of her late daughter, Nicolasa Gonzalez.” Diego Gonzalez II, husband of Elena Vigil, and who died in Santa Cruz at the age of forty, December 1, 1745,“ was most likely the brother of Juan Angel. 3F * =1: * * * * The following Gonzalez people were most likely members of the Gonzalez Bernal fam ily, or the Gonzalez Bas sub-group. Antonio Gonzalez, husband of Maria San chez, died on April 28, 1727. Juan Andrés Gonzalez, husband of Antonia Ontiveros, was killed by a bull on June 14, 1745.35 Juan Gonzalez married Francisea Rael de Aguilar on January 20, 1747.3“ Francisco Gonzalez married J osefa Gutiér rez on August 6, 1730.” Juan Antonio Gonzalez, eighteen, was liv ing in Bernalillo in 1726.“ Francisco Antonio Gonzalez acted as church notary in Albuquerque in 1727.“ The three In B-13, Born. )).\l, 1719. No. 6. B-2. Alhuq. 31-50. Sta. Fe. 28. 11-2. Alhuq. 29. DM, 1698. N05. 8. 11. 14. Bur-2, Albuq.; Sp. Arch.. 1. No. 426. 15. 01.6. PD. 70-3, 77. 153.1.I\I('§ll. Canyon, etc., 16. DH. 1710. No. 18. Juan Angel Gonzalez, a soldier of Santa Fe, died on April 6, 1741.“ His widow, An tonia ,de Chaves, was still living in 1767 with 25. BNU, leg. 10, No. 43, Alhuq. 26. Sp. Arch., I, No. 990. 27. DM, 1766, in Albuq., no number. M. of daughter Antonia to Manuel Sanchez. HG. . NWO. 1732. Tcodora, 2-'1. B-13. Born. Fe. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 316. OLC. PD- 64-6. 74-5. Sp. Arch., 1. Nos. 316. 336, 948. M-50, Sta. Fe. . Sp. Arch., 1. No. 316. . I)“, 1710. No. 9. 12. Sn. Arcl|.. II, No. 170. 13. lhId., 1. Nos. 25, 29, 605; Crcspo. ».n-Awon~Ia5:JI.c.wrJb—A wife of Antonio Garcia.“ 20. 21. 22. 23. Sp. Arch.. 1, Nos. 295, 929. AASF. No. 15. I)“, 1691, No. 1: 1694, N0. 12. l!ur—-I8. Stu. mas dc V.'u'g:is), I,cmia1‘do, and and July 20, 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. See first Note. Sp. Arch” 1, No. 292; II. No. 89. lhld.. II, No. 197. lhld., I. No. 324. lbld.. No. 323. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. Sp. Arch.. I, Nos. 3%. S56. Bur-32. sm. Cmz. Both ln Bur-50. Sta. Fe. M-50, Sin. Fe. 4!). l'\l-3, Alhuq. 41. DM. 1726. No. 3. 42. lhId., 1727. No. 4. IN THE ElGll’l‘I'Il'IN'l‘ll CENTURY GONZALEZ (Others) ANDRES GONZALEZ, a native of Zacate— cas,came to New Mexico in 1693. He is very likely the soldier from I’zu‘1‘nlwho joined‘ Vargas’forces in 1692.‘ He was living in San ta Fe up until the year 1710, when he gave this age as sixty. He wrote very legibly.” He directed the restoration of San Miguel Cha pel in that year.” In 1715 and 1716 he lived in Santa Cruz," but was back in Santa Fe in this year to direct the repairing of the Pal aceof the Governors? He and his wife, Francisca de Gumbo (Gamboaor Oga.mo?), a native of New Mex ico,had a son, Diego, who married Olaya Sanchez at Santa Cruz in 1720.“ FRANCISCO (GONZALEZ) DE LA ROSA wasa native of Guejocingo in the diocese of Puebla. He gave his age as thirty-eight or forty in 1695.’ He did not use the “Gonzalez” surnamewhen he signed up with the Velas cocolonists of 1693. He said then that he was Athirty-six years old, the son of Don Antonio, and was described as swarthy, with a large forehead and large eyes, and a somewhat thick nose. His wife, Antonia de la Cerda, twenty-four, was born in Mexico City; she was able-bodied and had large eyes. Fran ciscowas a tailor by trade.” Manuel de la Rosa was living in the Rio Arriba country in 1751; and an Antonio Gon zcilezde la Rosa lived at Santa Rosalia del Vallecito in 1763.”; Gonzalez Vallejo. See Vallejo. Rm-h COIL. Box 1. No. 2.’); AGN. llIsl., @?PPNSH 37. pt. 3. H. 887 W“. 1694. No. 17; 1709, NI). 6: 1710, N0. JG. Kuhlcr. pp. 11, 16. 1).“. 1715, No. 6: 1716, No. 5. Kuhler, Inc. clt. HM. 1720, N0. 2. Antonio Sayago, twenty-five years old and born in'Mexico City, came with the Velasco colonists with his wife, 1V[(n'iadc Mora, thir ty, also born in Mexico City. They brought along a four—year—oldnephew, Juan de Saya go, born in Tezcoco, and Maria’s nine—year old son, Diego de Arroyo, by her first hus band.” Since they are listed after Francisco de la Rosa, there is a possibility that this family also survived as “Gonzalez.” For example, Diego Sayago GONZALEZ, a witness in 1719 who was twenty-nine years old and a native of Mexico City,“ is none other than Diego de Arroyo. Another example: Margarita Sayago married Felipe Tafoya on April 2, 1728; she was also called Margarita Gallego when act ing as a sponsor with her husband in 1741;” but in his last will, her husband referred to her as Margarita Gonzalez de la Rosa.” Like wise, Felipe’s sister, Lugarda Tafoya, had been married to a man whose name is writ ten down as “Juan Ga-llego,”though her chil dren adopted their mother’s name.“ This man was very likely the Juan de Sayago who came as a child in 1693. A possible solution is that Juan Sayago and his cousin, Margarita Sayago, the lat ter born in New Mexico, married a brother and sister of the Tafoya family; but through some connection with the Gonzalez de la Rosa family, even if by adoption, were known also by this name. The use of “Galle go” in two rare instances, where there were no Gallegos peopleinvolved, merely shows that the scribe was not used to the Sayago name. 7. 8. lhhl.. .1693. Nos. 6. 18. Sn. ArrIn.. II, No. 540: ll!\'.'\l. leg. 4. pt. 1. pp. 790-5. fl. Sp. /\l‘('|l., I. Nos. 538. ](iG.‘l. 10. See Note 8. J1. lnl. 1716, No. 10 J2. M-G0. Sin. Fl‘. 13. Sp. Ar¢'h., I, No. 995. 1/1. AGN. M1-x.. lnq.. L 862. ff. 186-95. [191] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMYLIES GRIEGO AGUSTIN GRIEGO, still alive in 1690,‘ was most probably dead by 1693, but his Wi dow, Josefa Lujcin, did return at the time of the Reconquest with her children. One of them was Miguel Angel Griego.“ In the -meantime she had married Antonio Cisneros. In 1712, Nicolas Griego, in his name and of his brother Pedro and his sisters Jo sefa and Maria, all Griegos, brought suit against Josefa Lujan, widow of Antonio Cis neros, regarding some Griego land and prop married Francisca de la Luz Candelaria in 1768,“and Tomasa, born on January 6, 1736.“ Lorenzo Griego of Albuquerque sold some land to his father—in-law, Geronimo Jara millo in 1733. His wife was Casilda Jam milloi She was the widow of Antonio Valle jo, and had married Griego in 1728.3 A daughter, Rosalia, was born on July 22, 1730.” erty. Apparently, her own children by her first husband were bringing suit.3 Yet these same four brethren appear as “Cisneros” some time afterwards. (See Sisneros, Anto Pedro Griego and his wife, Juana Mestas, were living at Santa Cruz, or visiting, in nio.) José Griego married Ana Maria Baca (Or tiz), natural daughter of Juana Baca; the lat ter afterward married Nicolas Ortiz II. This Ana Maria also had a child before her mar riage to Griego; he was known as “José An tonio de la Fuente.” A legitimate daughter by Griego was Petrona Griego.“ After a year and a half of married life, Ana Maria died at 2|: * * * * * * I0! JUAN GRIEGO was living in Albuquerque in 1718,when he sold some land in Santa Fe. His wife was Juliana Sdiz, sister of Francisco Séiz.‘ Without doubt, he was one of the two young “Juan Griego” men who passed mus ter in 1680. Two known children were: Joaquin, who DM. 1690. No. 1. the age of twenty-six on June 27, 1729.” 7. 8. 9. 10. Sn. Arch.. 1, No. 18. M-3, Albuq. B-2, Alhuq. M—29.Sm. Cruz. sponsors, Nov. 12. 1]. Sn. Arch., I, No. 964(2). 12. Bur-48. Sta. Fe. Sn. Arch.. I. No. 187. lbld.. No. 301. Ihld., No. 717. .5"?-":"*S*’!*"!‘ 1726.” mi. 1768. in Albuq.. no number. B-2, Albuq. GUERRERO JOSE MIGUEL GUERRERO, a native of San Juan del ‘Rio, and resident of Pajarito, married Maria Antonia Rafaela Sudrez, in 1798. His parents were Santiago Guerrero and Juana Rosa Fierro.‘ They had a son, Pablo de Jesus, born in Santa Fe, January 25, 1813.2 * =o< * * >0: =0: :1: * FRANCISCO GUERRERO was an Alférez of Santa Fe in 1752, when his son Antonio, [1923 twenty-one, joined the militia. His wife was Maria Pdez.“ He was also a charter officer of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Light.‘ Antonio Guerrero, sixty years old, was First Alférez of the Santa Fe Prcsidio in 1790, and noted down as a native of New Mexico. His wife was Polonia Casados, fifty; they had one widowed daughter.” Antonio was the son of Alférez Francisco Guerrero and Maria Paez. IN THE F1llGlI'l'l-IlFIN"ll“‘lllI (f1'Il1lN3'lP'lUll1ti‘}f' He was twenty-one when he enlisted in tina 1752.“ ,,. 4: 1: it or 4: 2|! in Antonio Guerrero, Indian, married Agus 1. DM, 1798. no number. 2. B-65. Sta. Fe. 3. HSNM, Mil. Papers. Arehibeque, coi_r;rrE«'rr .-ll«'7l!h‘1Ju1.7l1IJ'jf 27,, BT33. His widow died lvlay ii, 1752,.‘ Francisco Guerrero de la l\»ﬂoir‘az..(rS‘5’e:elM<Dnr"(’Il)) 4. mum, Vol. x, No. 3,. p,. 133, 5. Twit. com. No‘. 179. 6. 141-50and name. Sm. Fr; GUI LLEN Pedro Guillén, a native of New Mexico, was a soldier of Santa Fe, thirty-five years old, in 1716.‘ His wife, Maria Ramos, died on February 28, 1730, at the age of forty-three.” He was still serving at the Fe PEFé§idl1'l(ﬁJ in 1732.3 1. 2. IL“. 1715.‘ No. 12. Buf—&8.Sta. Fe. 3. Sp. A.rch.,II.‘ No. GURULE SANTIAGO GROLE was the Jacques Grolé (or Grolet), member of the ill—fated de la Salle Expedition, who deserted the stranded colony in Texas and later was pick ed up by Spanish troops with Jean l’Arche veque. (See Archibeque.) He was born in La Rochelle, France, the son of Yvon Grolé and Marie Odom, and baptized in the church of St. Jean. Leaving France with M. de la Salle, he was “lost” for five years among savage Indians, then sent to Spain by order of the Viceroy, the Conde de Galve, After returning to New Spain, he came up to New Mexico. This is the gist of his testimony in 1699when he asked to marry Elena Gallegos in Bernalillo. Also testifying for him were Pedro Meusnier, twenty-seven, a native of Paris, and Juan “Arehibec,” twenty-seven, native of Bayonne.‘ Santiago and Elena had a son, Antonio, born April 2, 1703.’ Antonio Grolé or Gurulé, a; farmer‘ iini ttlire Sandia Jurisdiction, was Quintana, in the first half of the eemtumyc. (Was he first married to 31Teriese Gaxlillegoel.’ Or is the preceding Antonio fe11Ene1r,.-miaa1r ried to “Elena” Gallegos'.7.')II Antonia Quintana hore Antonin lowing children: Juan Antonio, 1730.’ _.___ 1.‘ DM. 1699. No. 5. 3- B-13. Bern 3. 3-57. Islets. fol! Luisa, born June 27?,117311;: June 31,.1733?; E’whia:mm,V.JaaminLa;1Iy' 22, 1736; and Fraincisea, January £1. ]1'W£$:“ Another daughter, E'len¢I..was the widow oﬁ Jose D. y Chavez of Alameda in 117823,. a sisterof hers,not nai:ner;E,. was to;a Nicolas Montoya? The one son mentioned above, Imam Anna» nio,appearstohethemanof wlio: was involved in land disputes aroundl Ciazrew guilla and Los Cerrillosin I-Eiis wiifezwae Maria Montoya.“ The French name,. Grolé or Grofet. snoni evolved into Gurulé, and Antonio Grolé and his wife, "Teresa” Gal legos, had a son, Antonio, born on July 9, to) Wes ﬁnrtlirerr hispanicized by nineteenth-century? Padines intoGuruléd, as happened mm Alarid. But the spelling went bacll: n:riii?w.a;\3.' to the present Gnrulé. 4. B»: and ma, Alfumi. 5. Sp. Arch. I. No. “£11, 6. lbfd.. No. 798. {M331} ORIGINS 01?‘ NEW MI'}.\'l(‘.() I“/\Mll.Il'}S IGUTIERREZ ROQUE GUTIERREZ and Maria de Tapia had children who returned with the Recon quest; he had died prior to 1686, according to a daughter’s marriage testimony. These chil dren were: Alejo and his sisters Maria and Lucia, all living in 1749;‘ another sister, Isa bel,who had married José Gonzalez de Apo daca in 1686; and perhaps a Juan Roque, a contemporary whose name links him to the family, though there is no other definite proof. or son, Francisco, who married Manuela Lu eero, or Montoya, at Bernalillo, October 29, 1709.” These latter had a son, Juan Francis co, born on October 12, 1710.” =!= 2|: del Paso in 1683 for the needless killing of a Aleio Gutiérrez, a soldier in Bernalillo, married Maria Naranjo, or Hurtado, in 1699; six years previously she had been rescued from Indian captivity, a witness testififed.“ She was, therefore, the fourteen-year—o1d girl rescuedwith her mother, Juana Hurtado, by her uncle Martin Hurtado.“ A known daughter of theirs was Ynez, who married Ventura Candelaria, July 20, 1727.“ Her parents were still living in that year.-" IucmRoque Gutiérrez was a native of New Mexico,and a soldier twenty years of age, in 1692.“In 1707 he was a captain in charge of the garrison at Halonaf He and his wife, An tonia Martin, were dead in 1709 when their daughter, Josefa, married Diego Gonzalez at Bernalillof‘ * * * =l= * * Felipe Gutiérrez was more likely a younger brother of the p’re-Rebellion Roque Gutier rez,and was described in the muster-rolls of 1681.In 1693 he returned to New Mexico withhis wife, Isabel de Salazar. He was thir ty-eight, and a soldier of Santa Fe, in 1698, but the following year he was in Bernalillo, when he gave his age as forty." He died at the age of eighty, the widower of Isabel de Salazar, on August 9, 1737.“’ They had a daughter, Francisca Antonia-, born on February 28, 1705,“ and a much old [194] :1: Francisco Gutiérrez, tried at Guadalupe Janos Indian during an expedition under Captain Ramirez of Casas Grandes;“‘ Catalina Gutiérrez, first wife of Diego de Padilla, Francisca Gutiérrez, wife of Marcos de Herrera, and Ana Gutiérrez, married to Bartolomé Cisneros; Antonio Gutiérrez, who in 1716 asked for lands below Isleta Pueblo that had belonged to Cristobal de Tapia before 1680.” He was de la Pena in 1694. * >1. Other Gutierrez people of this period, with out doubt members of this New Mexico fam ily, were: Maria became the wife of Juan Sedillo in 1698,and Lucia married Baltasar Francisco * an thirty—eight in 1710 and a resident of Albu querque.‘-“ Antonio and his wife, Gregoria Gongora, were living in the Isleta jurisdic tion in 1719.” =13 =i= =!= * * * * * TOMAS GUTIERREZ CARRERA was a native of Sianca Parbayon, Valley of Pié1a gos, in the Mountains of Burgos, the son of Juan Gutierrez Carrera and Catalina del Co tero. He was twenty—seven in 1692 when he married Maria Baca, fifteen, a native of New Mexico.“ After coming to the New World he had been at Zacatecas until 1689, when he came to Guadalupe del Paso as an aide to Governor Reneros de Posada. "He returned with this governor at the end of his term, but was back at Guadalupe del Paso for Vargas’ first Expedition in 1692.” In 1695 he and Maria Baea were still at Guadalupe del Paso, he being the Sargento of the Presidio there.” * * * * * * * * ANTONIO GUTIERREZ DE FIGUEROA, a native of Zacatecas newly arrived at Guad alupe del Paso in 1681, was described in the muster—rolls of that year.“ From 1694 to 1698 IN T II I‘) he was still soldiering in Santa Fe. Twice in scp.'n'z1te years he 21(.'t(}(l‘11S sponsor with the same woman, Jacinta Tellcs Jirén, and so one can presume that she was his wife.” 3: 2|: * wk >1: :1: -1,: :1: CLEMENTE GUTIERREZ, a native of Spain, and the son of Pedro Gutierrez and Maria Garcia, married Apolonia Baca on Oc tober 13, 1755.?“ In 1768 he bought the Ran cho de los Padillas.“ He made his last will in 1789 at San Isidro de Pajarito, declaring that he was from Aragon. Besides his Baca widow, the following children were named the heirs of his wealthy estate: Lorenzo, Lorenzo, wife of Francisco Anto nio Garcia, Maria Manuela de la Soledad, married to Mariano de la Pefia, and two mi nors: Maria Luisa and Juana.“ Another son, who must have died in infancy, was Manuel, born on March 31, 1768.2“ Twit. Coll., two fragments. I)“, 1699, N0. 2. First Expedition, p. 237. I!-2. A|huq., Feb. 4. DM. 1692, No. 1; 1695, No. 9. Rltch Coll., Box 2. No. 44. . D31, 1709. No. 7. IbId., 1694. No. 19; 1693. No. 3; 1699, No. 8; 1716, No. 11. Bur-48. Sta. Fe. B-13, Born. DM. 1709, No. 8; 13-13, Bem.. M. Sec. B-13, Bern. 11. 12. 13. 14. Sp. Arch.. II, No. 16. 15.Maria 1bId., deI, Tnpln. No. 315: therefore, and C 1'}N '1‘ U ll Y Lorenzo Gutiérrez was living at Pajarito in 1802 with his mother, Apolnnizi Bzica, his wife, Candclaria Garcia, and his children: José Matias, Juan Jose’, and Juana Apolonia. With them lived two nieces: Dolores Garcia and-Franeisca de la Pena.‘-” =l¢ * * * >t< 2!! ='< * MIGUEL GUTIERREZ, a native of San Luis Potosi, was living in New Mexico in 1706. His wife was Maria de Tapia, a native of New Mexico, daughter of Francisco de Ta pia and Maria de Chaves.“ Juana. Gutiérrez, a native of Zacatecas, was the mother of a Juana de Dios Gutiérrez who married Cristobal Montoya.” These women were possibly related to Isabel Gutiérrez, wife of Felipe de Tamaris. 16. D31, 1710. No. 20. 151-3, Albuq. gwwsewewwv 1'} I (1 ll '1‘ E Ii N '1‘ 11 perhaps a son of old Roque 17. lhld., 1719, No. 2. 18. 1bId., 1692. No. 2. 19. AGN, Prov. Int., t. 35, pp. 19. T9; Flrst Expedltlun, p. 50. 20. l).\I.,1695, Nos. 3, 15. 21. Revolt. II, pp. 63-6-1, 140. 22.6. DM, 1694, No. 19; 1696, N05. 1, 2; 1697, No. 7: 1698. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 31-11. Islt-ta; M-4. Albuq. Sp. Arch., I, No. 695. lbId., No. 371. B-57. Islcta. AASF, No. 30. AGN, Mt-,x.. Inq., t. 73.3, ft. 299-300. 29. D31, 1716. No. 16. HERNANDEZ NicolérsHemémdez, of Mexico City, twenty one-year-old son of Domingo Hernandez, de ceased, and Francisca de la Cruz, married Petrona Gomez in Santa Fe, July 8, 1696.‘ Ana Magdalena Hernandez, whose late husband was a Miguel de Zérate, by whom she had one daughter, was living in Santa Fe in 1712. She and her husband had been recruited by Juan Péez Hurtado in Zacate Francisco Hernémdez, husband of Juana Garcia, the latter a native of Zacatecas, was killed in Santa Fe prior to 1696.2 cas.“ 1 2. 3 ' 1).“. 1696. No. 1. ll)lil., No. 13. Sn. Al'(‘ll., I, No. 402. [195] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES HERRERA JUAN DE HERRERA and Ana Lépcz del Castillohad several sons and daughters prior to 1680: Antonio; Juan; Miguel; Isabel, wife of Cristobal Tafoya; Eugenia, who married Antonio de Cérdoba;‘ Ana Maria; and also, perhaps,Josefa, wife of Domingo Martin Ser A FHTIO. The two eldest sons are treated in the sec tion on the Seventeenth Century. Their sis ter,Ana Maria, had at least two natural sons, Franciscoand Juan“Manuel de Herreraf and a natural daughter, Antonia Lopez, wife of José Trujillo.“ With them came Manuel de Herr-era and his wife, Francisca Rodriguez.“ He must have been a son, brother, or nephew, of To mas. Tomas and his family were living in Santa Cruz in 1698,when he gave his age as seven ty—four and Valladolid (in New Spain) as his birthplace.” However, he was referred to as a native of Mexico City when he asked for Chimayé land in 1700.” Besides Antonio and Teresa, he had two other daughters, Gertrudis and Ana Maria, and perhaps a fourth, Pascuala, wife of Car los Dias Blea. Miguel de Herrera, apparently younger than his sisters, came to Santa Fe after the Reconquest, very likely in 1705 when the family, excluding Juan and Antonio, came up from Guadalupe del Paso.‘ His first wife at Guadalupe del Paso was Mariana Garcia; their daughter Maria married Diego Trujillo at Santa Cruz in 1709;"Miguel and his sister Eugenia owned land jointly in Santa Cruz.“ His second wife was Antonia de Archuleta, bywhom he had at least three children: Mi guel,Casilda, and Juan Antonio. Their father was murdered by Diego Velasco in 1712 or 1713.His sisters, Ana Maria, Isabel, and Eu genia,are mentioned during the trial.’ An other youth, José, soldiering in Santa Fe in 1728,is mentioned as the son of Antonia de Archuletay“perhaps he was a baby, or not yet born, when his father was killed. Many years later, in a property dispute in 1784,de scendants of hisireferred to Miguel as the sonof old Juan de Herrera, and that he had nine children altogether by both wives." * =r * * .1: =i~' :1: =1: TOMAS DE HERRERA SANDOVAL came from Mexico City among the colonists of 1693with his wife, Pascuala de la Concep cion.and two children: Antonio and Teresa, the latter eight years old.“' [196] Teresa married Diego Martin;“ Ana Maria seems to be the woman of this name who married Antonio Martin;"’ Gertrudis was the wife first of José Nunez, and then of Juan de Dios Sandoval Martinez. Teresa and Ana Maria, involved in a suit in 1697,could easily be confused with namesakes of the preced ing Herrera family.” Antonio de Herrera Sandoval, born in Sal vatierra and reared in the City of Mexico, was living in Santa Cruz with his family when he married Maria Rodriguez, a native of Zacatecas, in 1703. He was eighteen years old, and both his parents were still living.“ =5: * * * * * * * MELCHOR JAIMES DE HERRERA was born in Guanajuato, the son of Nicolas Jaimes de Herrera and Juana Baron. At the age of thirty he married Angela Gonzalez, widow of Francisco de Ayala, in Santa Fe, March 15, 1696.” They had a daughter, Juana, who married Francisco Saiz in 1718.” A Melchor de Herrera, husband in 1714 of Catalina Griego, widow of Diego Trujillo,” might be the same man, He could even be the “Manuel de llerrem” who came in 1693 with Tomas de Herrera Sandoval. IN THE l!IlGl['l‘EENTll CENTURY These people soon dropped the second half of their name and became plain “llcrrera.” 1, GT-INEALOGY: I-1m:r-nln Ill‘ llvrrrrn. The Sandoval families derive from the “San doval Martino’/.” colonists. Ann l\l:n'l.'i dc Cor 0. dnlm, llornnnln Trujillo, Julio /\r«-hulvln, Mnrln lnnm-In Art-Im mu, l\lnl'l.'1 Josol'u Qulnlzmzi, I)vs|i|L-rlu Ruybnl, Ruimi:il<lo Huy bal. Nlcolnsn Roybnl, Fr. A. Chfivcz. ll. lhld. 1111. 4, PL 1. pp. 7110-7£)j’,_ 1'2. 1).“. 1698. No. 11; 1711!, No, 4, 1!}. Sn. An-h., I. No. 400. 2, lmncrnﬂ, S“'0. 1784. DM, 1710, No. 12. Sp. Arrh., II, No. 108. .3‘."S"5-"'.“5-‘ llanvwrnft. luv. 1'". ‘I0. lI.\'.'\l. 14. l?|d., 401; Ilild.. D1“, 1719, 1720. N0. No. 9.1. l)ld., No. N0. .'l.'l; 16. Sp. /\r('lI., II, No. 63. I)“, 1700, No. -1. Sp. Arrh.. I, No. 828. lbid., II. No. 172. lbld., I, No. 327. 17. 1).“. 17015, NI). 2. 18. lh|d., 1696, No. 11. 19. ll)|d.. 1718, No. 5. 20. Sp. Arch., I, No. 926. HINOJOS ApczricioAlonso de Hinoios was a resident of Zacatecas before he came to New Mexico in a military capacity. In 1731 he was ap pointed as assistant to José Romo de Vera in drawing up the residencia of Governor Bus tamante.‘ He is very likely the ancestor of any old New Mexicans of this name that are left, unless a female of the Hinojos family of the preceding century passed on the name.” 1. 2. Bancroft, NMO, 1731. See El Pnlnclo, Vol. 56. No. 4, pp. 99-101. HURTADO MARTiN HURTADO appears to be the only son of Andrés Hurtado and Bernardina de Salas‘ to have returned with the Recon quest. His several married sisters also came back with their husbands and families. In 1694he gave his age as thirty-five,“ and by 1709he was a captain? In 1714 he was Al calde Mayor of Albuquerque, and in 1731 he stated that he was fifty—nine.‘ He died on ‘October 17, 1734, aged “more than fifty,” leaving his widow, Catalina Varrelaf‘ Several civil documents mention him, one of 1723 in particular, when he was involved in a politi cal feud between his son-in-law, Ramon Gar cia Jurado, and Governor Bustamantef’ Martin and his wife, Catalina Varela Jura milto, find mention as sponsors in several baptismal and marriage entries of his day. She had a sister, Luisa Varcla.' While they might have had one or more sons, only two daughters are known for certain: Maria, wife of Juan Fernandez de la Pedrera, and Ber nardina, second wife of Ramon Garcia Ju rado. * * =l= * * 31¢ * * JOSE HURTADO DE MENDOZA came to New Mexico in the second half of the cen tury. He was a native of Jerez de la Frontera in Spain, the son of Juan Hurtado de Men doza and Josefa Fernandez Ponce de Leon. He was first married to Maria Teresa de la Fuente, who died at Xalpa in New Spain in 1660.From there he came up to Albuquerque and in March, 1766,asked to marry Feliciana Sdnchez, daughter of Jacinto Sanchez and Efigenia Chavesf‘ He was severely criticized by ecclesiastical authorities of Chihuahua for overstepping certain bounds in examining a rape case in 1767-1768." A known son of his was Antonio José, born on July 18, 1767.” [197] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES ’l‘hc family of Colonel lVlunucl A. Clizixwz confused the sum:1mc of this lzitc-cmncr, applying it to the wife of Don Fernando Du DM, 1766, Albuq.. Ibld., 1694, lnN0. 10. no number, (inn-in Juriuln-Vnllvjo. lhId., 1700. No. 7. Bum-raft, NMO, 1731. weave Bur—2, Albuq. rim y Chavcs, Lucia Ilnrlarlo, who l)(,-lmigvcl, llowovcr, to the scvcntcvntli-century family of this name.“ (3. 7. 8. 0. 10. Sp. Arch., II, No. 319. lhl(I., No. 79. DM. 1766, in Albuq.. no number. Sn. An-II.. II. No. 611. B-3. Albuq. 11. Soc C. I-‘. Lummls. A Now .\h-.\-lrn I)ru'l(I, pp. 100-217. JAQUEZ Although perhaps of French origin far back in history, this surname is very old in Spain. In New Spain, a certain Gil Jdquez had an hacienda at Zacatecas as early as 1620.‘The name first appears in New Mexico in 1704, borne by Catalina Xdquez de Sala zar, of Sombrerete, the mother of Beatriz Sedillo who married Pedro Montes de Oca in 1694.2 Juan José Jciquez was living in Rio Arriba in 1754.3 1. 2. 3. AGI, Glmdnlnjnrn, leg. 33, No. 86-42. DM, 1694, No. 13; AASF, No. 16. Sp. Ax-ch., II, No. 529. Julian Jaquez and his wife Paula Martin had a child, Maria Gertrudis, January 25, 1787:‘His previous wife, Jacinta Torres, was killed by Cumanches prior to 1763.5 A ne phew of Julian Jaquez and Paula Martin was Juan Manuel Jdquez, an eighteen-year-old soldier of Rio Arriba in 1808.“ All these were, to all appearances, descend ants of Juan José Jéquez of 1754, who, in turn, came from a prominent family at Guad alupe del Paso, as did the Velardes of Rio Arriba. 4. 5. 6. B--I2. S. Juan. Sp. Arch., I, No. 987. HSN.‘\I, Mil. Papers. JARAMILLO PEDRO VARELA JARAMILLO died at Guadalupe del Paso, but his sons, Cristobal and Juan, came back to New Mexico in 1693 to re—settle their ancestral lands in the Rio Abajo. Cristébal Varela Jaramillo, the sixteen-year old described in the 1680-1681lists, married Casilda Cedillo Rico de Rojas some years later. They had at least three children: Ge ronimo,‘ Salvador, born September 18, 1701;“ and a girl, Francisca, who married Antonio Lucero de Godoy in 1712.”He and his brother Juan were living in Bernalillo, possibly near the present site of Algodonesf He is listed as a member of the Confraternity of La Con quistadoraf’ [198] Cristobal married again, between the years 1701and 1704.His second wife, Leonor Lujdn Dominguez, bore him at least five children: Juana, born January 11, 1705; Francisco, Oc tober 12, 1706; Maria, February 13, 1707; Luis, in 1710,“ who married Maria Antonia Lucero de Godoy on November 3, 1729;’ and Gregorio, who married Francisca Hurtado, July 21, 1727.3 The Alférez Cristobal Jaramillo was dead by 1736 when Leonor Dominguez was men tioned as his widow." Iucm Varela Jaramillo, son of Captain Pc dro Varela Jaramillo, deceased, and Lucia de Madrid, said that he was born in New Mex ico, and was twenty—one years of age when IN THE l'IlGll’l‘I'IEN’l‘lI CENTURY he 111z1rrie(lI.\'ab('l dc Culilio 8:111 Lo1‘c11’/.0, l*“cbru:11'_\,' ll, at the Real de l692."’ l11 l7l.‘l, at Albuquerque, he gave hisage as fifty." Right after the Reconquest he settled in Bernalillo with his brother Cristobal, but both later moved to Albuquerque, as may be seen in the baptisms of some of their children. His known children were: Josefa, born on February 21, 1701; Juana, October 30, 1704;” Maria, October 20, 1706; Teresa, October 21, 1708;and Francisca Antonia, June 24, 1710.” Their son, Pedro, who married Juana Gon zalez Bas in 1716,” must have been older than these girls. Of the latter, Juana married Juan Antonio Gallegos, Maria married Man uel Carrillo, Teresa married Isidro Sanchez Banales, and Fra-ncisca Antonia became the wife of Lazaro Garcia, Geronimo Icxrcrmillo,son of Cristobal Jara millo and Casilda Cedillo, was thirty or thir ty-five in 1716, and a resident of Albuquer que.” His wife was Gertrudis Silva, by whom he had a son, José, born on January 23, 1710,” and a girl, Casilda, who became the wife of Antonio Vallejo, and later of Lorenzo Griego." The son, José, married a Francisca Vallejo or Hurtado, of unknown parentage, by whom he had at least two children: Maria Rosa, January 23, 1728, and José Timoteo, January 20, 1731.“ Gregorio Iaramillo, son of Cristobal and his second wife, married Francisca Salas y Hur tado, July 21, 1727.” Of their known children, Josefa Antonia was born on July 21, 1731;” Antonio Xavier, November 1, 1742; Ana Ma ria, January 2, 1745;“ and José Casimiro mar ried a Manuela Montoya, or Baca, of un known parentage, in 1766.” As 111.'1ybe sci-11, :4o111c of the millns Varela Jz11’.'1 l1e(-;111‘1(r .-:i111pl_\»' “.I:11'.'1111iiIn," while nth ers of the saxne family branch might have kept the “Varela” name instead. * * =15 =‘.= * * * JOSE JARAMILLO NEGRETE, a native of Mexico City, thirty—eight years old, the son of Nicolas, brought his family in the col ony of 1693.He had an aquiline face, a broad forehead, and a mole on the left side. His wife, Maria de Sotomayor, thirty, was also born in Mexico City, the daughter of Mateo; she had large eyes and a mole on the left eyebrow. Their children were: Pedro José, six, fair, with dark hair, a small nose, large eyes and forehead; Maria Antonia, three, having an aquiline face, large eyes, and a small nose,” and Rogue, eleven, who was included in the other Velasco list, when his father gave his trade as that of a -mason.“ This boy must have joined up as a soldier, to be excluded from the later list of colonists. Roque Iuramillo was married and living at Santa Cruz by 1711,when he stated that he was twenty-six years old and a native of Mexico City.”-" In 1723, at Santa Cruz, he gave his age as thirty-eight.’-"“' His Wife was Petrona de Cardenas, also of the 1693 colonists, who made her last will at Santa Cruz in 1767. In it she declared that she was the daughter of Andres de Cardenas and Juana de Avalos, and the wife of Roque Jaramillo, by whom she had fourteen chil dren: Lorenzo, Miguel (both dead), Juan, Juana, Sebastian (dead), Manuel, Gertrudis, Francisco, José, Antonio, Maria-, Francisca Xavicra, and two Marias (tl1e last three dead). Two of these daughters were married, one to Domingo dc Herrera, and the other to José lvledina." Except for later migrations, the Jaramillos [199] O OR.IGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES of the Rio Arriba area north of Santa Fe de scend from this Jaramillo Ncgrete family, Sp. Arch., 1, No. 731. were the "twelve" lhld., No. 418; ll-I3, Born. founding families of Albuquerque in 1706. (NMIIR. Vol. »1,No. p. 2274.) 14. 1).“. 1716, No. 14. 15. lI;Id., Nos. 3, 19. D31, 1712, No. 1. Sp. Arcln, I, No. 78. OLC, p. 63. All [our in 13-2. Albuq. M-50, Sm. l-‘Ia; Sp. Arch., while those of the Rio Abajo come from the Varela Jaramillo group. 16. B-2, Albuq. 17. Sp. Arcl|., I, No. 18. 18.'Bolh in B-2, Album. 1. No. 418. M-3, Albuq. . Sp. Arch., I, No. 238. 15!. M—3, Album. 20. B-2, Alhuq. 21. Both in B-57, Isl:-ta. 22. 1).“, 1766, In Albuq., no number. ‘°?°.*'."’$":“S-'E°!“ 10. D31, 1692, No. 5. 11. ll)I4l.. 1719, No. 6. 213. Sn. Arc-II.. II. No. 541:. 12. Both in B-13, Bern. 13. The three in B-2, Albuq.: Cristobal Jaramlllo and Juan "Barela” are included among the people from Bcrnallllo who 24. 25. 26. 27. HNM, leg. 4. Pt. 1. p. 790. Dbl. 1711. No. 2. lhld., 1728, No. 5. Sp. Arch., I, No. 198. JIMENEZ Felipe Iiménez, a native of San Luis Poto si, the son of José Jiménez and Josefa de Ulloa, both deceased, married Josefa de Gon gora, in 1694.‘ He died sometime later on the road to the Salinas area and was buried in Santa Fe. His widow married Antonio Moli nar in 1696.’ 1. D31, 1694. No. 24. 2. lbld., 1696, No. 5. 41!, JIRON (Jiron de Tejeda) DIEGO JIRON DE TEJEDA and Maria Ziiﬁiga y Cervantes lived in Mexico City prior to the Reconquest, but they most likely did not accompany their sons, Diego and Tomds, who came to New Mexico with the colonists of 1693. Diego Iirén de Teieda H brought his young family among the Velasco colonists. He was twenty-six, the son of Diego, and born in Mexico City; he was dark, with a large fore head and eyes, and somewhat pug-nosed. His wife was Maria de Mendoza, twenty-two, the daughter of Gabriel, and also a native of Mexico City; she had a broad face, large eyes and forehead. The two children with them, also born in Mexico City, were: José, two years old, white and ruddy with large, gray eyes; and Ger trudis, four, with a broad face, big black [200] eyes, and a small nose.‘ Another daughter, Josefa, five, was mentioned in the earlier list, when her father’s trade was given as that of a weaver,“ but she either died, re mained behind with relatives, or came with some other family. Another son, Vicente, most likely born in New Mexico, gave his mother’s name as Maria de Leyva when he married Lugarda Salazar at Santa Cruz in 1723.“ ToméxsIirén de Tejeda and his family are in the earlier Velasco list. Apparently he joined up as a soldier, and so is not included among the colonists of the subsequent list. He was a painter (pinto?) by trade. His wife was Joscfa Gonzdlcz dc /lragon, and they had two small children: Dimas, six, and Ma ria, five." An older married son, Nicolds, came with his wife.‘ IN THE EIGHTEENTI-I CENTURY The girl, Maria, became the wife of Fran cisco Garcia dc Noriega in 1710. Their mother died in Santa Fe shortly af ter their arrival, and on October 25, 1694, Tomas married Antonia Dominguez cle Men doza, widow of Andrés Hurtadof’ In 1710 he worked on the reconstruction project of San Miguel Chapel.’ He died on May 12, 1736, at the age of seventy; his second wife died on August 23, 1748.“ Nicol:-itsIirén de Teieda, fifteen years old and son of Tomas, born in Mexico City at the Calle de los Cordobanes, had a round, fair face with some moles on it. His wife, Josefa Sedano, was only thirteen, the daughter of Pedro, and a native of Querétaro. She was of medium build, with an aquiline face, white and fair, and large eyes. Nicolas was a paint er like his father.” Josefa Sedano gave her age as twenty three in 1706, and declared that her parents were Pedro Sedano and Maria Coronel, both of Querétaro. Her husband was still living in Sp. Arch., II, No. Me. dina.“ Dim'as Iirén de Teiedc: married Maria Do minguez, a native of New Mexico, whose fa ther had owned land in the T2105Valley.” In 1736 Dimas made his last will in which he named his parents as Tomas Jiron de Tejeda and Josefa Muftoz de Castro (Josefa Gonza lez de Aragén, or else a first wife of his fa ther), both natives of Mexico City. Dimas stated that he and his wife had been married for thirty—oneyears, and that they had two children, Juan Antonio and Antonio.” He died on November 20, 1736.“ Dropping thelsecond part of the name, this family came to be known as “Jirén.” The altogether distinct family of Telles Jiron also dropped the second part and became “Telles.” 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. BN3], leg. 4. Pt. 1, DD. 790-7%. D51, 1723. No. 1. BNM, loc. cit. Ihld. .‘~‘S"5-":“5"!°!‘ 1713, but it is not known if they had any children.” Ile was dead by 1722. A sister of his wife was married to Juan Lorenzo Me DM, 1694, No. 25 Kubler, p. 19. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. BNM, loc. clt.; Sp. Arch., loc. cit. AGN. Mex., lnq., t. 758. ff. 468 mm. Sp. Arch., 1. No. 508. lbld.. No. 510. Ibld.. No. 1223. Bur-48. Sta. Fe. JOJOLA (See Lente) JOLLANCO BvonifacioJollanga, or Joyanga, was living in the Rio Abajo country in 1748.‘ Jwin Isidro Jollanco and Maria Garcia of Toma had a son, Andrés, who married Maria Ana Antonia Montoya in 1823, daughter of Jose Antonio Montoya and Maria Trinidad Flores.” 1. Sn. Arrh., II, No. 462. 2. DM., 1823, In Albuq., no number. [201] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES LABAD IE DOMINGO LABADIA, a “native oi France,” married Micaela Padilla. in Santa Fe on November 2, 1766, with Tomas and Juana Padilla as witnesses.‘ But when or how he came to Santa Fe is not known, The earliest civil document that mentions him is of the same year.’-’ In 1777 he witnessed the con tract for the erection of a new church in Sandia Pueblo.“ He lived for some time in the Rio Arriba country, his wife’s home, and also in Santa Fe, as may be seen from the birthplaces of their children. In 1790the cen sus of San Juan described the family as fol lows: Don Domingo Labadia, European, age fif ty-two, married to Maria Micaela Padilla, forty—two.They had three sons, aged twen ty-one, nine, and five; and four daughters, eighteen, twelve, six, and three.“ According to what descendants told Twitchell, his wife was a daughter of Juan de Padilla and Mar garita Martin, the latter a daughter of Se bastian Martin.” The many Labadia children appear as follows in baptismal registers: Ana Maria Ignacia, August 14, 1767; Pedro :'*'§”.U‘:'=-F*’.'*"!‘ M-50, Stu. Fe. Bnlwruft, N.\l0. 1766. BN.\l. leg. 10, No. 45. Sp. Arrh., II. No. 1110c. Commentary in Sp. Al‘(‘|I., II, p. 198. All in B-62, and G3. Sta. Fe. All in B--12, S. Juan. Antonio, February 6, 1769; Maria de la Cruz, May 4, 1772; Maria Trinidad, May 29, 1774; Jose Miguel, October 8, 1775; Maria Rita En carnacion, March 25, 1777; Francisco Xavier, December 3. 1779;“ Marrgarita, February 23, 1783; Juan Pablo, May 24, 1784; José Miguel, in 1788; Maria Andrea, in 1789; and another Margarita in 1792.7 Two other daughters, very likely born in between the preceding children, were Bdr bara-, wife of Andrés Pacheco,‘ and Josefa, mentioned as their daughter when she mar ried Manuel José Ribera in 1783.” Pablo Labadia married Maria Rosa de los Reyes Sisneros, by whom he had at least three children: José Lorenzo, August 15, 1825;” Maria Manuela, April 12, 1827; and Maria Vicenta, October 29, 1829.” The original French name (Labadie or L’/lbadie?) was hispanicized by the Padres from the start, but it reverted to a Gallic semblance in the Nineteenth Century. 8. B-29. S. Junn. bapt. of their children in 1827. 9. “-51. Cnstrense: both were active members of La (‘on quistadora Confraicrnity. (El Pulncln, Vol. 57. No. 10. p. 3113.) GEi\‘EALOGY: Josz-tn Lnlmdin. Maria Guadalupe Ribera. Maria Dolores Alarld, Romualdu Rnybal. Nicolasa Roybal. Fr. A. Chfivez. 10. B-71. Tnnu‘. 11. B-72, Tenn’-; Vieenta married Col. Manuel A. Chavez. LADRON de GUEVARA I Pedro Ladrén de Guevara was a soldier of the Presidio of Guadalupe del Paso who mar ried Maria Gémez Lozada on July 16, 1684.‘ In the same year he was Secretary to Gov ernor Petriz de Cruzatef He was still there in 1692 acting as a notary for the friars.3 He never settled in New Mexico proper; Twitch ell interpolated “Ortiz Nine” in his name to link him with the Nicolas Ortiz family of Santa Fe, but there was no connection.‘ [202] Cristobal Mczrzelino,eighteen years old, and the son of Bartolomé de Guerra [sic, perhaps the seribe’s error], was a native of Osuna in Spain. He joined the colonists of 1693, and was described as round—faeed with a large nose and forehead. His wife was Juana dc Géngora, fourteen, the daughter of Juan and a native of Mexico City; she was of medium height, with an aquiline face and large eyes.5 IN Sebastian Mctrzelino Niﬁo Ladrén de Gue vara and his wife, Mamtela dc Clm.ve.s{,had a son, Lugarrlo, born on February 20, 1.730."lie was referred to simply as “Sebastian Marce lino” when named administrator of the es tate of his father—in—law,Pedro D. y Chaves, in 1735.’ Evidently, he is the same man of this full name who moved down to Guada lupedel Paso, and there married an Ana Lu cero, June 7, 1740.” From his name, and the time in which he lived, he seems to be a son of Cristobal Mar zelino and Juana de Géngora. at * * * =1: * * * Miguel Ladrén de Guevara was a native of Puebla, twenty—six years old in 1694.”He had I". 1 C II '1‘ IC 1’.N T II C E N 'l' U It Y joined the colonists from Mexico City the previous year with his wife, Fclipn Guerrero, and a c}1ild, .Iu(m(1, two years old. ln 1696 he was Smjqcnto of the militia at Santa Cruz, as also Alcalde.” By 1700he was living in Santa Fe. The name of Ladro'n de Guevara disap peared from New Mexico in the early part of the century, except when appended to the Ortiz surname occasionally by Nicolas Ortiz II and Nicolas Ortiz III. But there was a prominent Ladrén de Guevara family in Guadalupe del Paso which stemmed from any, or all, of the three distinct sources just treated. First M-Book of Guadalupe dc-I Paso, Bandelier Notes. Bancroft. SWO, 168-}: Sn. Arrh., II. No. 31!. .°‘:‘*.°°¥‘-"E" '1‘ H E 6. B-2, Album. 7. Sn. Arch., I, No. 177. 8. M-Book. Gund. del Paso (Juarez). D31, 1691, No. 3; 1692, No. 3. Sn. Arch., 2; 54c. NMHR, Vol. XXV, No. 4, p. 267. Sp. Arch., 1, II. p.No. 9. DM, 1694, No. 21. , 10. lbId., 1696, No. 14; Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 293. LAI N JOAQUIN LAIN HERREROS married Jo sefa Tafoya on September 25, 1768.‘ Three children of theirs were: Maria Antonia, born onJanuary 6, 1774; José Agatén, January 12, 1776;and Ana Maria Luciana, January 12, 1780;José Nicolds, December 9, 1798.2 In 1787, widowed of Josefa Tafoya, he married Maria Micaela Scinchez, daughter of DiegoAntonio Sanchez and Ana Maria Alva rez del Castillo. On this occasion he gave Spainas his country of birth, and the Padre wrote his “Herrero” surname to make it seemas though his trade was that of a black 1. M-50, Sta. Fe. 2. All in B, Sta. Fe. 3. DM, 1787. no number; M-49, Isletn. smith.“ A civil source describes him as Joa quin Lain de Herreros, European.“ Likewise, the 1790census gave this correct name, with the added information that he was born at Santa Cruz, near Coca, in Castilla la Vieja, and that he was forty-eight years old. His wife, Micaela Sanchez, was twenty—five; and they had three girls, aged thirteen, eleven, and five.-"’Joaquin died in 1799.“ NicolérsLain, husband of Maria Isabel Ta foya, died on September 9, 1843.’ 4. 5. 6. 7. Sn. Arch., II, No. 6-10. Twlt. Coll., No. 179. Sn. Ar(-h.. II, No. 14733. Bur-7. Belén. [2o3} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES LARA ...—.JV!?__._ W, . ,_ , Miguel de Lara was very active as a soldier during the Indian uprising of 1696.‘ He and a Maria Rodarte were marriage witnesses to gether in 1695,?but it is not known if she was his wife. Or he might have been the Miguel de la Cruz dc Lara whose wife was Juana de An cizo, and their daughter, Josefa de la Encar naéion, was married to Ignacio Losanof‘ 1. 2. Old Santa Fe, Vol. III. pp. 3132-373. 1).“, 160:3, No. 14. 3. AGN, Mt-x., Inq.. L 733, I. LARRANAGA CRISTOBAL DE LARRANAGA married Maria. Gertrudis Mestas on June 14, 1775.‘ He had come to New Mexico as a military surgeon, his name being found in several ex tant orders, including the practice of vacci nation? He had two sons: José Mariano, born on March 22, 1780, at La Car'1ada;3and José An tonio. A son, referred to simply as José, twenty-one years old, enlisted as a soldier in Ortiz, daughter of Matias Ortiz and Francis ca Baca, June 3, 1813.‘ Iosé Antonio Lcxrrczﬁczga,son of Cristobal Larraﬁaga and (he did not know his moth er’s name), married Maria Loreta Luna, daughter of Isidro Luna and Maria Luz Val dés, April 5, 1815.5 Iosé Ramén Lcxrraﬁcxgc: was 1804.3“ probably a third son. He married Bdrbara Baca, widow Iosé Mariano Larraﬁaga, twenty-eight, the son of Cristobal Larraﬁaga and Maria Ger trudis Mesa [sic], married Maria de Jesus 1. M-11, Islets. 2. Sn. Arch., II, at least ten documents; last date ol service ls 1809. 3. B-24, S. Dd. of Manuel Pino, on February 23, 1817.5 She made her will twenty-two years later in which reference is made to both husbands.’ a. HSNM. Mll. Papers. 1).“, 1813. no number. Bl-1, Ahlqultl. DH, 1817. no number. gpmaw 'I‘Wlt. C0l|., No. 141. LEDESMA Iucm de Ledesma was a soldier who es caped the massacre of the Villasur Expedi tion.‘ His wife was Juana de la Cruz, known 1. DM. 1720, No. 4. (2041 also as “La Mozonga,” who died on May 9, 1727. She was a member of the Conquista dora Confraternity.” 2. llur--I8. Sin. I-‘c; OLC. p. 70. IN THE l'Il(}ll'l' 1'2l'}N'l'H Cl'IN’l'Ult ‘I’ LENTE “Matias el Ente" was an Indian or genizaro living at or near Isleta Pueblo in 1736.‘ As Matias Ente, he and his wife, Juana , are entered as the parents of a child, Nicolcis Andrés, born on September 11, 1730.” He is also written down as “Clente” at the mar riage of another son, Juan Blas, with a Maria Lucero in 1771.3 Juan Felipe Lente, son of Andrés Lente and Antonia Montoya, married Maria Lucero in 1771.They were all designated as Indians.‘ Juan Rey Lente, son of Andrés Lente and 1. B-5'1, lsletn. 2. Ibld. Antonia Lente, enlisted as a soldier in 1808, when twenty-six years old.“ =l< . =i= * * >l= =1: * 4! Another name similar in origin seems to be that of “Ioiolcx,”which begins to appear around the same period and same Isleta area. Angelina Jojola, widow of Juan Vallejo, died at Fuenclara, January 19, 1762.She was also called “Jaramillo” and “Vallejo.” Bcirbara, Jojola, or Baca, daughter of Ven tura Jojola and Jacinta Baca, married José Garcia Lechuga, or Sandarte, in 1769. She was called a mestiza and a coyota.’ 5. HSNM, MIL Papers. 6. Bur—2, Album; HM, 1716, No. 1; Bur-2, Alhuq., June 4, 1718. death 01 her husband. 7. M-ll, lslctn; D31, 1769, in Albuq., no number; Sp. A1-ch.. II. No. 1092b. 3. M-ll. Islela. 4. D31, 1771, no number. LEYVAa PEDRO DE LEYVA II returned to New Mexico with the Reconquest,‘ but was dead three years later when his daughter Angela married Sebastian Fernandez de Vargas.” He had been a member of the Confraternity of La Conquistadoraﬁ Whatever Leyvas existed in following generations were descendants of his and his wife, Maria de Nava; for his only surviving brother, José de Leyva, seems to have stayed permanently at the Presidio of Janos in Nueva Vizcaya. Some Leyva women mentioned in the early years of the Reconquest were members of this New Mexico family. However, the 1. DM, 1694. No. 6. 7.. lbld.. 1696. No. 10. name was also used by the wives of some of the new colonists from Mexico City and Za catecas. Iosé -de Leyvcxof Santa Fe, who received a grant in 1728from Governor Bustamante, at or near the site of the old Pueblo of La Cién ega,‘ was most likely a son of the above Pe dro; at any rate, he belonged to the same family. The name came to be spelled “Leyba” more commonly than the original “Leiva” or “Leyva.” 3. 4. OLC. p. 69. Sn. Arch” 1, No. 441. [205] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES LOBATO BARTOLOME LOBATO was a native of and it is impossible to say which is which Sombrcrcte, Zacatecas, thirty or thirty-three years old in 1696.‘ A captain by 1712,he then declared that he was one of the (Paez Hur tado) colonists who arrived in 1695. While residing in Santa Cruz, he asked for lands at Yunque and Chama in 1714.” He acted as a sponsor in 1704 with his wife, Lucia Ana,“ who was Lucia Ana Negrete, a native of Za catecas like himself; he also declared that he was a Franciscan Tertiary “de Avito descubi erto.”‘ Two known sons were Juan Cayetano and Agustin, and also, perhaps, a young Bartolo mé. Another contemporary Lobato, Matias, could have been the older Bartolomé’s bro ther, as he was too old to be his son. Juan Cayetano Lobato. eighteen years old and a soldier of Santa Fe, married Lucia Chirinos, fifteen, in Santa Fe, February 25, 1716:" In 1724, Cayetano and his brother Agustin were mentioned as sons of Bartolo mé Lobato.“ He had a son, Bartolomé, who enlisted as a soldier in 1745,when twenty-five years old.” This Bartolomé married Maria Encarnacion de Sena-, October 21, 1749.’ He and his Sena wife had the following children: Maria Jo sefa, June 2, 1750; José Baltasar, January 9, 1752; Juana de la Luz, June 3, 1753; Maria Juliana, February 25, 1757; Maria Xavviera, April 5, 1759; Manuela Josefa, March 26, 1761; José Mariano, February 7, 1763; Mar garita, April 14, 1765; Bernardo José de Je sus, January 18, 1767.3 Agustin Lobalo, brother of Cayetano, had a contemporary of the same name in Santa Fe, very likely a first cousin, the son of Matias Lobato. Both lost their wives the same year, 10, 1748." 2. Agustin Lobato was married to Juana Tafoya, who died on July 20, 1748.” Bartolomé Lobato H married Juana Carrillo in 1714.“ Very likely, he was a brother to Cayetano and Agustin. Years later he moved to the Rio Abajo, possibly a military trans fer, where two children are recorded: a boy (name not given) born on August 30, 1733, and Rita, November 3, 1734.” He died at “the age of seventy” and was buried in the mili tary chapel in Santa Fe, September 30, 1779.” * * :1: M-50. Stu. Fe. All in B. Sta. Fe. B. and Bur—48. Sta. Fe. 06] =i< * died as a soldier of Santa Fe in 1715, having belonged to a soldiers’ insurance pool that was to provide for his heirs.” * * * * * * * =t= Other early Lobatos, children of Bartolo mé or Matias, were the following: Blas Lobato and his wife were witnesses in 1723, in Santa Fe, of the wedding of Antonio Tafoya and Prudencia Gonzalez Bas.” He died on March 5, 1727.” His daughter, Fran cisca Xaviera, married Cayetano Segura. Juan (José) Lobato married Elena Martin at San Juan, November 27, 1733.“ Their son, Juan Agustin, was born at Ojo Caliente, Sep tember 5, 1746.” 13. Bur-5|, (‘nslrrnsin Sn. Arc.h., I, No. 1035. =Z< at San Juan Pueblo with Fr. Blas Navarro.” His age and “Apostle’s” name would make him a brother of old Bartolomé. The names of his wife and children are not known; he D31. 1716. No. 10. .llSNM. Mil. Papers. * Matias Lobato was a soldier already in 1696, when he was rescued from a massacre 10. Ihld. 11. “-21. S. Ild. Ibld. N3 .<=s=n.~!,,=-}.°=.<".-=-:«=s~=z-* barci Marquez, who had a child, Juana Tere sa, November 2, 1747.Then she died on April D31. 1696, Nos. 9, 1]. Sn. Arch.. 1. Nn. -133; II, No. 178. M-2-l, S. l|d.. Feb. 9. ["1 without further data. 1. Agustin Lobato was married to Bdr 1'2, “-2. .-lllmq. 11. Old Santa Fe. Vol. III. pp. 332-373. 15. Sp. Ar('lI.. Il. Nn. 23911. 16. DH, ITZL Nn. 10. 17. Bur-48, Sm. Fe. 18. 31-27, S. Junn. 19. I3-Ill, Sin. Clara. 1 N '1' II 1-: 1«: I (:11 '1' 1-: 1') N 'r H c‘ xv. N '1' u It Y LOBERA Francisco Loberct is mentioned once at San ta Fe, in 1767.‘ He also served as Alcalde Mayor at Acoma prior to 1792.2 The names “Lobera” and “Luera” occur, but rarely, in the Rio Abajo area from this period on. 1. Sn. Arch., I. No. 654. 2. lhl(l., II, No. 1193. LOPEZ _.Irp PEDRO LOPEZ DEL CASTILLO returned at the time of the Reconquest with his wife, Maria de Ortega. In 1699 he was in Berna lillo.' His family and that of Juana Lopez del Castillo (most probably his sister) were sup posed to be among the original founding families of Albuquerque in 1706.2 His known children were: Jose’-‘ Pedro /lsencio, and Maria, who was the wife of Juan Gonzdlez Bas. _.1l.'~ Pedro Asencio Lopez was involved in a fra cas with Nicolas D. y Chaves in 1719, from which some of his family relationships are known.“In this same year he married Petro nilaGarcia Juradof who later married Juan Antonio Baca. * =|< =14 =l' * * =|< married Maria Gonzalez d.e Apodaca, resi dent of Ysleta del Paso, on December 13, 1698.” Both came back eventually to Santa Fe, where she died in 1712; Carlos then mar ried Juana de Cedillo, on January 12, 1716. He was thirty-five at the time.’ Carlos and his brother Juan were claiming certain lands at Pojoaque in this same year‘ While living in the country north of Santa Fe with his first wife, they had at least three girls after the turn of the century: Nicolasa. August 10. 1704; Gregorio Paula, January 20, 1707;" and Lorenza Gertrudis, August 17, 1709.” Carlos was dead by 1736 when his widow. Juana Cedillo, was mentioned as the wife of Captain Francisco Garcia.“ * NICOLAS LOPEZ, killed at Santo Domin go Pueblo in 1680, might have belonged to the Lopez de Gracia group. His widow, Ana Lujdn,returned in 1693 with three sons, Car los,Luis, and Juan. Luis Lopez was married to Ana Maria Ber rzal as early as 1704.” She was at least a half sister to Tomasa Martin Gonzalez. wife of Bernardino de Sena, since Lopez considered himself an uncle of Sena’s son, Tomas.” In 1728, Luis made his last will in Santa Cruz, giving his parents as Nicolas Lopez and Ana Lujan, both natives of New Mexico and de ceased. His wife was (Ana) Maria de la Con cepcion, to whom he had been married for thirty years. They had one daughter, Mica-cla Antonia.” His age was given as fifty—oneand fifty-seven in 1731.” Carlos Lopez was transferred back to the Presidio of Guadalupe del Paso, where he more than eighty years old; and Luis fol lowed, June 4, 1772, aged more than ninety seven years.” Of the other Lopez families of the preced ing century, those called simply Lopez, as well as the de Gracia, Mederos, de Ocanto, and Sambrano clans, no males seem to have returned in 1693, or else no connection can be made with Lopez individuals who appear with the Reconqiiest and immediately after. Ana Maria died on March 3. 1762, being [207] 0 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Of the colonists who came with the Itc (-onqur‘sl., or slmrtly :ifl.erwz1r(ls, the follow— ing Lopez people appear in early documents. Juan Lopez, “alias el Grandc,” was a na tive of Guadalajara." José Lopez, forty—one, who had a wife in Mexico City, joined the New Mexico exiles at Guadalupe del Paso in 1681.He had a good build, a thick board, an aquiline nose, and a red moustache.” _1rz José Lopez, forty-eight or fifty, a native of Villa de los Lagos, was living in Santa Fe in 1695.” José Lopez, the son of José Lopez and Ma ria de Espinosa, natives of New Spain, mar ried Sebastiana Rodriguez in Santa Fe in 1696.”He could be the son of either of the two preceding men. Pedro Lopez Gallardo, a master—bui1der, worked on the restoration of San Miguel Chapel in 1710. A small daughter of his was buried in this same year.“ I)“. 1699. N0. 5. NMHR. Vol. IV. No. 3, p. 274. Sn. An-IL, I, No. 426. lhld., II. No. 299. l)(-longcd to any one of all the preceding groups, are the following: /lndrés Lopez was married to /Ina Varela. Two sons born to them were Gregorio Igna cio, Februa1‘y 5, 1729, and Nicolcis Antonio, April 3, 1730.’-"-’ Pedro Marcial Lopez married Isabel Cedil— lo at Alameda, October 8, 1730; they had a child, Maria Apolorzia, July 4, 1731.‘-“’This man most likely was a Lopez del Castillo. Likewise, Miguel Lopez, whose wife, Juana Garcia, bore him a son, Pedro Asencio, July 10, 1744.“ Nicolds Lopez of Chimayo was dead prior to 1736; his widow was Maria Rosa Martin, daughter of Captain Luis Marti'n.9"' Manuel Lopez'married a Maria de Herrera, November 12, 1736.“ Geronimo Lopez married Gertrudis Mon taﬁo, August 25, 1737.“ 14. Sp. Arch., 1. No. 442. 15. Bancroft. NMO, 1731. 16. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 17. 1).“, 1703, No. 9. 18. Revolt. II, pp. 74, 134-135. 19. 1).“. 1695. Nos. 2, 12. DM. 1719. N0. 3. IhI(l., 1698, N0. 15. Ibid.. 1716, No. 3. Sn. Arch.. 1, No. 234. Both in )1-24, S. Ild., B. Sec. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. . 1!-18:1, Nnml)1‘.. . Sp. A1-ch., I, No. 178. . II)Id., II, No. 137b: AASF. No. 16. . Twit. Coll.. No. 287. baton-c""""' n—u—I>—A>—<3oo~la>m.t-mm»-A Other Lopez lll(llVl(lLl£llS,who could have lhid.. 1696. No. 9. Kubler, pp. 16, 19-20. B-2. Alhuq. M-3 and B-2, Albuq. lhld. Sp. Arch., I. No. 260. M-29, Sta. Cruz. 31-50, Sta. Fe. LOSANO an.» Ignacio Loscxno and his wife, not named, were sponsors in 1694.‘ He died on February 23, 1728; his widbw, Josefa , died on September 11, 1729.2This woman was Josefa de la Encarnacion, daughter of Miguel de la Cruz de Lara and Juana de Ancizo. She was also called “La Losana” and “La Lara.” Both she and Ignacio were from Sombrereteﬁ D31. 1694. No. 26. .°’!°E" [203] Bur--I8, Sin. Fe. AGN. Mcx., Inq.. t. 735, ft. 288. 291-299. IN THE EIGIITEENTH CENTURY LUCERO (Lucero de Godoy) JUAN LUCERO DE GODOY, so very ac tive before the Rebellion, returned to New Mexico in 1693 with his third wife, Isabel (Hurtado) dc Salazar, and her mother, Dona Bernardina de Salas y Trujillo. They were living on his old property in Santa Fe right after the Reconquest, the “Pueblo Quemado.” of the old post-Reconquest Church of Saint Francis by the ancient north wall of the city.” His wife was Isabel Lujdn. He died in 1741 and was buried in the Conquistadora Chapel on November 23; she died on August 9, 1771.” When Isabel made her will in 1771 she listed their five children: Maria Antonia, Francisca Alfonsa,“ Pedro, married to Mar garita Lobato; Maria Ignacia, and Juan He gave his age as sixty-nine in 1693.1The following two years he signed two state ments in which his age was given as seventy and seventy-one? Of his four sons by either, or both, of his first two wives, three are known to have re turned in 1693, Juan, Antonio, and Nicolas. These had their own families. Iucm de Dios Lucero de Godoy II, brother of the Alférez Antonio Lucero,“ seems to be the Juan Lucero who was killed by Indians with two other Spanish soldiers on March 4, 1703. As he was a member of the Conquistadora Confraternity, it had Masses said for the re pose of his soul.“ Antonio Lucero de Godoy, Alférez, the son of Juan and his second wife, Juana de Carva jal, came to New Mexico with his second wife, Antonia Varela. de Perea, or de Losada. (The two children by his first wife could be any of the unidentified Luceros appearing in various documents.) Early in the century he was asking for Santa Fe lands that had be longed to his father, Juan} In 1695 and 1696, he gave his age as forty-five, in 1699as forty eight, and in 1705 as fifty.-‘ He belonged to the Conquistadora Confraternity,“ and was dead by 1712, when his widow made her last will. ' Antonia Varela named their children as follows: Rosa, wife of Ventura de Esquivel, Antonio, Juan, and Diego? Antonio Lucero married Frarncisca Jam millo at Albuquerque, on September 27, 1712.3 IucxnLucero lived in Santa Fe near the site (dead)." Diego Lucero married Margarita Baca, July 5, 1716, at San Ildefonso, with his brother Juan and wife Isabel Lujén as witnesses.” Three known sons of theirs were: Miguel, who married Nicolasa Gonzalez;” Diego, hus band of Ana Maria Martin; and Marcos, who married Maria Antonia Gomez del Castillo.” The name of Diego Lucero de Godoy is found on El Morro with those of three con temporaries. NicolétsLucero de Godoy, who married Ma ria Montoya, seems to be a son of old Juan and a brother of Antonio, there being no conclusive proof. He settled in the Rio Aba jo, giving his age as fifty in 1696.” In 1710 he was living in Albuquerque, and by 1716 he gave his age as seventy." His family, and that of Bernardina de Salas y Trujillo [his father’s third mother-in-law] were consid ered among the original founders of Albu querque in 1706.” Nicolas died on April 27, 1727, and Maria Montoya on January 12, 1740.” Their known children were: Pedro,” Frarncisca, who married Juan Antonio Apo daca in 1716; and Manuela, who married Francisco Gutiérrez in 1709.“ A Luis Lucero, who married Maria Romero at Isleta in 1719 might also have been his son,“ and also Mt guel Lucero. husband of Angela Vallejo, treated further on. * * * * * * * * FRANCISCO LUCERO DE GODOY, Ar morer and Captain of Artillery, took part in {ms} 0 J:/1/an :2,///dxu rl :/r 7;: _ (III//:59?! 1 /J 1 I _ Z.;£_—-—-’ . 7:: .//£4‘:/I./3,v ’ J hurt/r. //r 0.’/U577f/f/(1’I0)(/I 777r//J'r“pA’::/1/21/1-if/,w¢ry;;}7x 1/I//lb?) up/’;,,. , J,./ ,7;) ' H . 9 2 —" f;r/ ﬂ‘7nc7}rr//77//Inn/2: /r./ -1 A’/az ; 7 4 /fr;/pf,irzfr/r_ﬂ/I//dz/1),, ,/,,’,...,.,_._,,/. _f,7,,,, a/Jim’ -~~ -—-—--’— , » I/I/756d"???/to I ﬁfﬁlhhzna 4 ilk!/II’/)ﬁr)1fa;ax/r In ) 11:fa’//R;/gt/I I 7r/u//mu/p m .’(afljymrlzz:7 .1’ 4 Jan’ I ﬂaunt/.-/I /q(,u§}ﬂ/“In” 21/’'1'”, 5' an ‘Inn’'1/4”“, 1;‘; In‘ a,’ r//fa;U;/)/"fp 5"”!/a ’ ' - V . . , o a in ﬂirt/97 Cagaz: /77330/21’,17)/2,2 zzr/ﬂy» /av ﬂy”, I? 6‘,},«,,,‘:’,", :1draft I rrrr // g I ﬂy:/f f.’ [V1/murﬁ H ’ am/ha. ’ ' 3 2' ‘ .. 7 aw ﬂtzdtzn. /J/4/wt an /,fa/x.-1;//Ir};a/1:7,Mr? ans: : ._-I> ‘ ' I /1 7 ‘7’/3 I c5’I M ‘ 1 (Kill 7 - t _ , W‘ - , ’ / I ”1457 % ’/ 7‘-.ﬂz.()ﬁvyu.?/)t(*tJ'Ao)7”/‘*"‘a‘("":« "'5 '1 "/t"/fl-((Qg;;.,'.(.;/,’(/,'Yk$, .2 . 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E3”)-L; ' euoﬁaxg ‘eoeg ‘3 pue laquxooaq -1731; Zzrt -_ Y ﬁ "i.J "”', (“let ~ 0 V n ’ 1,3,4‘. 1 _ Jiupnn 5.Qty‘, , ‘ . 5‘ .5 _Jn AI/¢o_.’),‘.9b -,T’_'A\‘.: 1 9“ A ‘ J .x3W—'-‘7 .»"q ,I(«/.(‘’C’¥ 27 .»¢.:..)..',_ _,‘,/19:3 /1’ ;o 4' . . ’ K? . I. _ ~ I ;_ _. cr')~¢v‘'0 V /‘. .’Q"""2u4IC i," ‘‘:‘Linns.»-./. ‘ V ous,'-/If’:-A, ug/f/'(" ':.(I’! ‘K:"‘:;.~ M"“¢ (Qﬂ "7;-.. 'JU ~‘-Pd /)7 -uLz1'V. ."-\ F‘-x ' I ' CH ' I "' 7~’rja~»..,: J ' '. .7. I ' I C.»-v~¢"c ‘L §(p(( /If_ ,a‘‘‘‘ 434. It .43 a—r“ . ‘ 7' I//I ),,4,,”_‘ u, fvl. Xr.‘ ~ 4 ~ ' "r,‘._~,.7!‘, . » 5 4‘ . Sample page of Marriage Book 50 of Santa Fe, showing marriage entries of Manuel de la Cruz Durém de Armijo and Francisca A1 fonsa Lucero do Godoy, October 19, 1734; and of Mateo de Roybal and Gregoria Baca, December 8, 1734. ' ' K’ C’. IN the Vargas Ixxpedition of 16512,when he res rued a nephew, the S011 of (,‘ristol):1l (le TH E MIG ll'l' 1‘)ICNTII C lu'N'l'U KY sitlef” On December 8, 1710, his widow £l(.'tC(l as .spon.sor with :1 Pedro l.ll('(‘|'o,""' who C0lll(i Anaya.'-"‘lie was stationedin Santa Fe after the Reconquest with his wife, Josefa Sam brano de Grijalva; he gave his age as fifty well be her brother—in-law, and one of the sons of old Nicolas Luce1'o (le Godoy. Their known children were Francisco Ma teo, Beatriz, Maria Josefa, and Lucia, the last-named married to Francisco del Rio of Miguel Lucero II made his last will at his home in Fuenclara, on January 20, 1766, be ing then Alcalde Mayor of Albuquerque. Af three in 1698.“ Guadalupe del Paso.'-‘-"Beatriz and Josefa were asking for ancestral lands in Santa Fe in 1704.“ In 1691 Beatriz had been asked for by Gabriel Tapia, but it looks as though the wedding request was rejected because of im pediments.“ In that same year, Maria mar ried Juan de Alderete. Francisco Mateo sometimes called himself “Lopez de Godoy,” combining his mother’s family name (Lopez Sambrano) with his fa ther’s.” His wife’s name is not known, but he had three daughters: Ana Maria, Maria Mag dalena, and Francisca.” A Francisca Lucero who married Andrés Montoya could be one of these girls, if not a daughter of the elder Francisco. * * * * * * * * Miguel Lucero, living in the Rio Abajo, was already married to Angela Vallejo at the start of the century. Their children were Manuel,“ Maria, born December 1, 1708, and Miguel 11, born on January 6, 1710, after the untimely death of his father,“ who was wounded at El Morro and died shortly after at Zuni, June 15, 1709, when he was buried in the Mission’s sanctuary, on the Epistle Sp. Areh.. I, No. 422. 1).“. 1694, No. 8: 1695, No. 10. BN.\l, leg. 2, Pt. 8, 1. 338. .Doc. Hlst. dc Mom. p. 183: OLC, p. 70. Sp. Arch., 1. Nos.I422, 423. l).\l, 169.‘), No. 10: 1696, No. 15; 1699. No. 1; 1705, No. 6. 01.0. PP- 64, 69. Sn. Arch, 1, N0. 432. BM, 1712, No. 1. Sp. Arch, 1, No. 758. G. .9... . Bur-48, sm. Fe. 11. GENEALOGY: Frnnclscn Alfonsa Luv:-rn da Gmlny, Jose D. (in Armija. Maria Isabel Armijn. Maria Rita Torres, Jose Chfivez. Eugenia Chfivez. Fabian Chavez, Fr, A. Chavez. 12. Sp. Areh., 1. No. 458. 13. DM, 1716, N0. 5; M-21, S. lld.; Sp. Ar('h., I, No. 933. 14. DM, 1766. in Albuq.. no number. 15. GENEALOGY: Nlnrros Lucero do Gndoy, l\l:1r;z.'1ritn Lu FOTU.Marla Ixznncin Arrhuloln. Mnrin Jnsern Quim.-mu. Derel li(‘I‘|0lloylml, llomunhlo Royhnl, Nlcolnszi Roylml, I-‘r. A. Cha \'(‘7. 1.-<20!)-.:a'>:Jt.z>ca<.ar.:i—4 ll». 1).“. 1696. No. 10. n.m.. me,Vol.No. 1716, No.274 1; 1718, No. 9. . mum, IV.7;No. 3, p. ' Bur-2. Albuq. 19 . ter naming his parents, Miguel Lucero and Angela Vallejo, he stated that he had been married to Rosa Baca for twenty—six years, and then to Antonia Chaves, widow of Balta sar de Beytiax“ Rosa Baca had died on June 29, 1755,at Tome.“ Miguel had been Alcalde Mayor of Albuquerque already in 1763.3“ The children named in the will are as fol lows: By Rosa Baca: Josefita, Miguel, Man uel, Loreta (these four already married), Lugarda, Graciana, Mariano, and Ana. By Antonia Chaves: Maria de la Luz, Maria Bar bara, José, Antonio Jose’, Maria Antonia-, ‘To mas, and Maria Gertrudis. Miguel also men tioned his brother, Manuel Lucero.“ He died on January 25, 1766.” Of the above—named children, Manuel, born June 18, 1740,” married Teresa Chaves of Los Padillas, and then a second cousin, Barbara Montoya, of Atrisco.” Lugarda mar ried Francisco Silva, and then Pedro Bau tista Pino in 1781, Maria Bdrbwra married Julian Rael in 1776,Maria de la Luz became the wife of Manuel Pacheco in 1771, Ana married Juan José Silva in 1769,and Mariano married Anamaria Silva in 1776.“ 20. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 238; perhaps the youth, Pedro, of 1691 (Revolt, II. pp. 113, 1-11-1421. 21. l).\l. 1716. No. 1-1; 1709. No. 4. lhld, 1719, 2'0. 2. ‘.23. I-‘lrst l'I.\‘pt-ditlon. 1). 13-1. '24. 1).“, 16.04, No. 34; 169.‘), No. 5; 1698. No. 1; AGN. Me.\'., 23. DH. 1694. No. 34. lnq.. t. 701, I. 322; Twit. Coll., Nos. 111. 2833. 26. Twlt. Cnll.. Inc. cit. 27. DM. 1691. No. 1. 28. Revolt, I. p. 119; AASF, No. 1, Inventory, ' Sp. Art-h., I. No. 3. lhld., No. 45-1. “-2. Album. liur-45. Zuﬁl. 1'. 3. :1. Sp. Al'('ll., I. No. 454. fa‘;-7L:'.:‘..:.'a:f.~Jt.4 -7-F-‘.-’*.'~"!‘7:‘::I5 Bur-2. Allmq. Ihnn-rufl. N.\l0, 1763. Sp. /\rl'Il.. II|('. rlt. Ilur-‘.2. I\lhm|. ll-57. l.‘6ll'|l'I. HM. ‘I781. in Alhuq.. no number; .\l-4, Alhuq. April '27. 1781. (EENP/\I.f)(:Y: .\lnnm-I l.m'I-rn, Marla ?\1:inu¢-In Lucero, _::u ???N 'l‘om.’:s linen. Nimnom ll:u'.'1. 1-'.'|hl:'In Ch.’n'ez, Fr. A. Ch.’1\'e2. «I1. 1).“. In A1buq.. no number; M-3, Albuq. [211} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES LUERA Felipe Santiago de Luercx,a native of Ran cho de las Cuevas, Valle de San Bartolomé, came as a soldier to New Mexico at the age of25.His parents were Bartolomé Lucra and Ursula Villanueva.‘ By 1805 he was a ser geant,when reference was made to his twen ‘ ty-five years of military service. In 1808 he asked to be transferred back to New Spain.” On January 7, 1814, a Felipe Luera, hus band of Frcmcisca Mm"zas['3], died at the age of “sixty or seventy?" 1. IISNM. Militia Papers. 2- SD. Arc-Ii., 11, Nos. 1881, 1902, 2012, 2013. 2019, 2176. 3. 8-54, Tomé. LUJAN DOMINGO LUJAN, apparently the man of this name killed in an accident in 1693,‘ had come to re-settle New Mexico. His wi dow,Juana Dominguez, who afterwards ‘mar ried Lorenzo de Madrid, made her last will in 1717,in which she named a son, Juan, and three daughters, Antonia, Josefa, and a third [Leonor?] whose name is obliterated.” She left land in Analco to two sons-in—law, José de Quintana and Cristobal Jaramillo, to her daughter Josefa, and to a Maria Lujéni‘ [Martin], who was the wife of her son Juan. Her children by Domingo Lujén had the followingconsorts: Juan married Maria Mar tin in 1698;‘Antonio became the wife of José de Quintana in 1696;5Josefa married Matias Martin after refusing his cousin, Antonio Martin;‘‘and Leonor was the wife of Cristo bal J aramillo. IucmLuiérnand Maria Martin were married for forty years when he died as a corporal. She made her last will in 1769, mentioning her parents and nine children, but naming only eight of them: Antonio (dead), José, Cristobal (dead), Juan (dead), Santiago (dead), Domingo, Maria, and Francisco.’ * * =o< an at so: =u< 4 SEBASTIAN LUJAN was the son of Diego Lujan and Juana dc Salazar, both of whom had fled from the exile colony at Guadalupe [212} del Paso to reside in the Parral country of Nueva Vizcaya. Sebastian, born there or in the El Paso area after 1680, came to Santa Fe; he was twenty-four in 1705 when he married Juana Teresa Moreno Trujillo on February 24.8 His wife’s family was not of the New Mexico Trujillos, having come up with the‘1693 colonists from Mexico City, and at their own expense; for this reason they were allowed to return home in 1705.“ Sebastian also applied to leave, but was re fused permission as being technically a New Mexican.” The following year he and his wife, referred to as “La Trujilleta,” were still in Santa Fe.“ Her sister, married to Mi guel de Quintana of Santa Cruz, also stayed in New Mexico. * * * * * * * * PEDRO LUJAN was the son of Juan Luis Lujén [Ruiz Cdceres branch].” He was but 2 minor in 1680-1681,and hence not included in the Revolt lists; but he returned with the Reconquest, accompanied by his wife, Fran cisca Martin de Salazar. He was twenty-sew en in 1693.” As a company captain he took part in an Apache campaign in 1713,and was on the Govcrnor’s staff during the Moqui campaign of 1716.“ One known child was a (laughter, Isabel. who became the wife of Juan Lucero do Go doy.” IN TIIE EIGll'I‘EENTlI CENTURY MATIAS LUJAN, described in 1680-1681, came back to his pre-Revolt lands at Santa Cruz.” He had been born and reared at the placecalled “San Cristobal” after the Recon quest." In 1693-1695he gave his age as fifty.” His wife was Francisca‘ Romero. His known children were: Miguel, Maria, Antonia, and Juana. Maria was married to Pedro Sanchez, Antonia to José Trujillo, and Juana was the author of a unique family.” Miguel Lujém was married to Catalina Val dés,nicknamed “La Prieta,” whom he mur dered in 1713.“ A bastard daughter of a “Matias Lujén,” by some Indian servant, became the wife of José Lopez Naranjo; but since there was an other Matias Lujén, husband of Catalina Varela, who lived in the same northern dis trict,“ it is not known which of the two was her father. man who had joined as a recruit in 1681,“ and who was killed on April 19, 1694, during a campaign at Cochiti.“ He had a young son, referred to as Agus tin and as Cristobal in the 1693 incident.” /lntonio Lujrin, described in 1680-1681,had died in 1682; but his widow, Maria Martin, who had married Domingo de Herrera in 1683,-'”‘returned to Santa Fe. Her daughter, Antonia, by her first hus band, married Mateo de Ortega in 1797.“ Agustin Lujdn, of unknown parentage, was a Santa Fe soldier who married Maria (Luisa) Perea, widow of Miguel Maese, in 1701.“ She is mentioned in a hexing incident, and as the sister of Catalina Varela, wife of Martin Hurtado.“ They had a daughter, Maria de la Cande laria, born on February 4, 1725.3‘ Perhaps children also of Matias Lujén and FranciscaRomero, if not their nephews, were two brothers living in the same neighbor hood,Juan and Felix. Juan Lujoin (Romero) married Maria Tru jillo on January 13, 1717, with Baltasar Tru jillo and Juana Lujan as witnesses.” They had the following children: Matias Jorge, April 28, 1718; Josefa, March 28, 1720; José, March 18, 1725; and Antonio, September 24, 1723,”who married Micaela Griego on Au gust 5, 1748.“ Felix Lujdn, brother of Juan Lujén, was married to Francisca Gomez de Torres. A daughter, Maria, was born on December 14, 1705.25 * * * * * * * * I MIGUEL LUJAN, brother or brother-in law of the Sargento Juan Ruiz Caceres, was a soldier of the Reconquest. On reaching Santa Fe, Vargas assigned him and his fam ily to the Palace of the Governors, where he was to guard the old chapel which the In dians had converted into an estufa. On Dc * * =!< * * =l< * * JUAN LUJAN (really Juan Ba-rba) came to New Mexico as a Colonist from Parral, where he had fled in 1682. (See preceding century.) He was now described, in 1693, as thirty-four years old, the son of Esteban Barba and a native of New Mexico, swarthy, with rather deep-set eyes and a scar beneath the left eye. His wife, Petrona Ramirez, thir ty, a native of Parral and daughter of Isidro, had a reddish skin, a round face, and large eyes. They had a four-year—oldchild, Juan, born in Parral, having a reddish skin and a round face.“ Juan was in Mexico City when he joined up, saying that he had to pick up his wife and child at Cuencame.-1“ Juan Lujan and Teresa de Herrera had two known children, born at Taos: Maria, February 7, 1715, and Juana, October 5, 1718, perhaps the first Spanish baptisms at that Mission after the Reeonqucst.“ Cember28, 1693, the family escaped from it when_the occupying Tanos decided to fight for the town.” This seems to be the same With so many mix—ups after the Recon quest, besides those before the Rebellion, it [213] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO I"/\MlLIES is most difficult to i(lontii‘y the people who went by the name of l.1ijaii: the Lujrin fam il_vproper. the Martin Barba group, and the l'.ui..s' and I-3115:(‘(i<'r'n~.s' (-lzms. 1. /Nil. (iumlxnlnjaru, leg. 140. I. 68. 2, SD. An-h., I“.l‘.‘ln('lSl‘0 (tzivnv/. (Ivl C:lSlill(). EVI:1ri:1Antonia (}:3mc7, (lei Cus “"U- M-'”'X:11I‘it.'Ll.1u-L-rn. r\I.'ui:1 Itznzu-1:1 ;\r('hu!ctn, I\l.1ri.'i Jnsefn I. No. 11:55. 3. lhld., No. 508. 4_ HM, 1698, No. 16. Quintana, Dt‘SI(lCTll7I’.nyb:il. Rnmuuldu Iinybal, Nicolasa Roy bal. Fr. A. Ch:'x\‘:_-7.. 20. Sp. An-h., II. No. 187. "1. A(£.\'. Tit-rrns‘, t. -l'..'!i: |hid.. M4-x.. Inq.. t. 733, f. 303. ' \l—-2|. 5. H4] All u.m.. n.'s«-«-. 5, lhI(l., 1696. N0. 15. 6. ll)id.. N0. 16; Sp. I\l’('Il., I. No. 23]. 7. Sn. Arch., 1. No. 587. 8. 5;, ](I. 11. 1).“. 1703, No. (i. sp. Ar:-h.. H, Nu. 108, lhld.. No. 1011. AGN. .\h-'(.. . I!-Hi. i\'umlu'-, .\l. Sm‘. . Np. .-\r4'h.. ll. I\‘n_ lilli; .\|-El. 1111]., t. 735. ff. 28.‘)-2.98. 12, Sp. An-h.. I. No. 738; sec Luis family. 13. DH, 1693. N0. 7; 1653-1.No. 31: ‘p Arth , I, I\n 1'!) 14. Sp. An-h., II, No. .198; I, No. . 15. lhId., I. Nos. 438, 8G7. GFZI\l:/XLOGY: Isnlu-I Luj:'In. Fmncisca Alfnnsa Lur-em do Gmloy, .1056 D. the Armijo. 1\I.-[rm Isabel Armijo. Marla Rita 'I‘nrres, José Chavez, Eugenio Cha vez. Fabian Ch.’u‘cz, Fr. A. Chzivez. JG. Sn. A1-('11.. I, No. 818; II. No. 250. 17. lhId., II, No. 8.‘). 18. D“. 1693. No. 5; 1605. No. 8. 19. See G6mcz dcl Cnstlllo. GENEALOGY: Juana Lujfnn, ‘.27 . llltt-In ('ulI.. IlrI\‘ 1. .\'n. ‘.23. R4-volt. II, p. Jfl.“-. >4. Ild.. H. Sm‘. 28 . ('r|Mmh-rs. pp. TU, 1-H-147, 190. ‘.39 . Rilrll (‘ulI., Int‘. (‘IL IL“. 1683, No. 1. :51 . lhId., 1697. N0. 2. 3'1 . ll)ld.. 1701. No. 4. 33 . .—\.-\.\‘I‘'.No. 16; Sp. An-h., II, No. 79. 3-4 . M-‘.5-I. S. Ild. 35 . Sn. Ar('h.. II. No. 5-4c. 345 . BNRI, leg. 1, Pt. 1, pp. 814-816. 37 . ls-45. Tans. Ill). LUNA DIEGO DE LUNA was still living shortly before the Reconquest, being mentioned as a member of the Conquistadora Confraternity in 1689.‘ An old man by this time, he must have died soon after, for he is not heard of again. But members of his large family set tled in the Rio Abajo district. All the follow ing Lunas apparently belong to this one family. ANTONIO DE LUNA is the oldest man of this name appearing after the Reconquest, and only as an obituary. He was married to Jacinta Pelaez when he died on August 9, 1729.3His widow then married Captain An tonio Montoya in 1737; surviving her second husband, she herself died at Tomé, January 27, 1766.“ The next generation contains several men, any or all of whom could have been Anto nio’s sons. These were: Domingo, Joaquin, Felipe, Antonio, Bernardo, Salvador, and José. Of early Luna women, Maria Rosa, wife of Juan Chaves, died October 6, 1738; on Octo ber 12, her baby of the same name also died."_ Gregoria became the wife of Pedro Romero, August 26, 1728.5 [214] Domingo de Luna married Josefa Lucero, December 21, 1745, with Antonio Baca and daughter Josefa Baca as witnesses.“ In 1758, they were sponsors together for Paulin, son of Juanrand Francisca Baca.’ Their known children were: José Manuel, born March 5, 1747; Vicente, September 21, 1750; Maria Manuela, June 13, 1757;”and An tonio, who married Catalina Pino. Vicente married Victoria Chaves in 1774, when both his parents are mentioned as dead.“ Domingo had been married a second time, to Maria Baca, daughter of Nicolas Baca and Teodora Fernandez. She bore him a son, Ra fael Antonio, March 25, 1773,” who married Ana Maria Tafoya, November 11, 1793.“ Do mingo and his second wife were living at San Clemente in 1766,while he was suing for her inheritance at La Ciénega.” Joaquin de Luna married Maria Torres, July 17, 1743, with Antonio Baca and wife Monica de Chaves as witnesses.” But she must have died soon after, for within the next two years he began to have children by a new Wife, Juana Angela de Salazar. These children were: Miguel de San Juan, September 10, 1745; Bernardo Paulo, July 9, 1747; Antonio Xavier, May 11, 1751;“ and I N Tomas,who married Margarita Antonia Sena at Bernalillo in l77.‘l."' The clrlest son, Mi guel, widowed of Juana Rael dc Aguilar, married Maria Catalina Valdés of Jémez jur isdiction.” Bernardo married Catalina Gar cia and resided at Alameda." Felipe de Luna married Barbara Yturrieta on September 8, 1753, with José de Luna and Rosalia Vallejo as sponsors; Juan Antonio de Chaves and his mother Antonia Baca were padrinos for the velacion on September 20.” This pair had quite a large family. The boys were: Francisco, July 6, 1755; Tomas Antonio, December 28, 1765;” José, who married Maria Paula D. y Chaves, Sep tember 14, 1799;” Ju.an Dionisio, who mar ried Barbara Antonia Romero, March 23, 1793;“Juan, who married Maria Guadalupe Garcia Jurado, June 15, 1782; Pedro Securi dine, who -married Joaquina Aguirre, May 23, 1802; Manuel, who married Luisa Garcia, May 21, 1791; and Mariano, who married Barbara Aragén, February 15, 1789. Two daughters were: Manuela, who mar ried José Torres in Belén, October 16, 1781;” and Guadalupe, born September 19, 1773.23 In 1790, their widowed mother, Barbara Yturrieta, fifty-six years old, was living in the second Plaza of Belén with five sons, ranging from thirty-one down to thirteen years.“ Antonio de Luna married a Maria Magda lena , December 22, 1735.25 Bernardo de Luna married Antonia Quin tana in 1743. That same year they had a daughter, Maria Francisca, June 16, 1743.?“ This girl, or another named simply Maria, married Ignacio Vallejo in 1756.“ Salvador de Luna died on November 6, 1743,while in Guadalupe del Paso. It was not known if he was married or single, wrote the Padre, “for he was an outsider?” José de Luna married Rosalia Vallejo, April 29,‘l743,"’while a Bernardo Vallejo married a Juana de Luna, June 21, 1759.” '1' 11 1') 1-: I (2 u 'r I«: 1-: N 'r H (J 1-: N 'r U n Y ANTONIO DE LUNA, son of Domingo dc lama and .loscfa l.ur-em, was killvrl by Apaches prior to 1782, llis wife was It/Iaria Catalina Pino, sister of Jose Francisco Pino. He left four children: José Enrique, Maria Joseﬁa,/lntonio Encarnacio'n, and José Bruno. His brother Vicente is mentioned in the pro bation of the estate.“ The daughter, Maria Josefa, born April 24, 1774, became the wife of Ventura Chaves.” Her widowed mother married Anacleto Miera y Pacheco. The three sons married as follows: Iosé Enrique Luna, born on July 18, 1771, married Juana Maria Gabaldon in 1795.” Their known children were: José Tomas,Mariano, born December 23, 1796; José Toribio, April 18, 1799; José Val entin Mariano, February 20, 1803; Maria Sol edad Emiliana, baptized January 8, 1805,with Paulin Baca and Lugarda Tafoya as spon sors; Juan Antonio, December 27, 1808;“ Je sus Maria, and José Antonio. José Tomas married Maria Manuela Pine.“ José Toribio married Manuela l\rIontaﬁo.""“ José (Valentin?) married Lugarda Baca in 1828,and Jesus Maria applied to marry Pre ciliana Salazar in 1848:" José (Antonio) mar ried Isabel Baca, daughter of Juan Cruz Baca and Maria Luisa Castillo.“ Antonio EnccrrncrciénLuna married Antonia Marcelina Chavez, May 11, 1798.” A son, Ra mon, married Guadalupe Sarracino, Novem ber 30, 1832, and a daughter, Juana Maria, married Salvador Apodaca, July 17, 1821.” Iosé Bruno Luna married Maria Juliana Ga balclon.After his death she married José An tonio Otero. widower of Barbara Sedillo. in 1827.” >3! * * * I! 1k * # Bartolomé de Luna [Oliva?] Bautista, eigh teen years old, and born in San Juan Teete guacén, was among the Mexico City colo nists of 1693. The son of Tomas Bautista, he [215] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES wasa nephew of Gertrudis Bautista, wife of TomasPalomino, with whom he was listccl.“ 01.6. P- 7” lgm-.2, Alhuq. 27. M-ll, lslrln. lbld. 28. Bur., Giludalupe (lei Pnso (Juarez). M-ll, lsletn. 23. M4}, Albuq. 150. 31-11, lslctn. June ‘.28. 151; Sn. An-h., I, No. -1012. .'l'.!. It-57. [sh-la; Sp. Ari-h.. I, No. ‘.3111. In], 177-]. no number. 33. ll-57, lsli-in: Ii-Til, ’l‘un{-, .\l. Sec. . I!-57. Isl:-III. . .\l-52. Stu. I"I'. 3-]. All in 13-54. Tomi’-. ', Sp, ArclI., I. No. 991. (_ ,\l-11, Isl:-tn. . All in B-5'1, Islcln. 31-23, San Ii‘:-llpo (Pueblo). DH, 1772, in Albuq., no number. 3."). B. llvli‘-n, hapt. of ('llll(l., Aug. 10. 1852. 36. 1).“, 1845. in BL-ltin, no number; .\I, B4-Io‘-n,Oct. 3. 18-15. daughle_r‘s marriage. GENEALOGY: Tnriblo Luna. Maria. En sarnacion Luna, Eugenio Ch2'ive;r.,Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Cha vez. B-3 and B-4, AIbuq., bapts. of children 37. I).\[. 1828 and 1818. in Alhuq.. no number. 37.1. B-73, Tom!-, hapt. of son. Jesus Marla y Jose. July 9. 1837: the family that became prnminent in this century. CI. ’I‘\vitehr-I1,Ohl Santa Fe, p. 465, and Lending Facts. Vol. II. pp. 4.03. 53]. SR. Both in M--I9, Isletn. .\l-ll, lslctn. |#h—lh—l|—l¥-Ablbd'2X§35\:J"§:;-‘-l.:b—ll ?\3I\3i—l$4 Jlx) or if he had (lCSL'L‘ll(l(llltS by any other name. 25. .\l—ll, Isl:-lu. 26. .\l-25!, .\'lu. (‘ruz; I!-ill. Slit. (Ilnru. lhlil. M-3. AlhIlr|. u.57, Isletn. Ibld. It is not known if he arrived in New Mexico, Both in B-57. Islt-In. ll-54. Tome, M. Sec. lhld. All in 31-49, Isl:-tn. B-57, lslvln. ., sp. Arch., II. No. 1092!). 35}. Ihld. 40. DM, 1827, in Belén. no number. 41. Sp. Arch., II. No. 54c. f_<,;§5—a_c:.;on'.'.'.g>_;,i.:....:...‘c1-~-~v- MADRID LORENZO DE MADRID, Sargento Mayor, returned to New Mexico in 1693 with his sec ond wife, Ana de Almazcin. Just before the Reconquest he declared that he was an en comenderowith forty-one years in royal mil itary service. He and Ana had no children, but had reared six adopted ones: Luisa, thir ty years of age, Paula, nine, Eusebia, eight, Juan Francisco, eight, Cristobal, fourteen, andPedro, still in the nursing stage.‘ In 1697Lorenzo got into trouble with civil and church authorities for supposedly living in concubinage with a widow, Juana Domin guez; both parties denied the charges, espe cially Lorenzo, who boasted of his years and honors as oldest living Conquistador of the KingdomﬂBut when he made his last will in 1715,this same Juana Dominguez was his third wife, old Ana having died in the mean time? ROQUE DE MADRID became Sargcnto Mayor of all troops by 1688, when he gave his age as forty-four." He took a leading part in the Vargas Expeditions of 1692 and 1693, and also in the serious Pueblo uprising of 1696.” His wife, Juana Lopez (Pacheco, de Ar [216] I old), returned with him and their family, settling at Santa Cruz. They had a grown son, José, in 1702,“and a daughter Josefa, who married Cristobal de la Serna in 1694.7 Two other young Madrids of the same gener ation, also living at Santa Cruz, and married into the same Serna family, were in all like lihood the sons of Roque. They were Pedro and Matias. Roque must have married again, for in 1723, Julicin Madrid, born in New Mexico, the son of Maestre de Campo Roque Madrid, deceased, and of Joscfa Duran, married Este fania Martin in Santa Cruz.“ Roque had be longed to the Conquistadora Confraternityf’ Iosé Madrid, son of old Roque, was men tioned as a soldier of Santa Fe, twenty years of age in 1698, together with Pedro and Ma tias Madrid.” It is not known who his wife and family were, if any, Pedro Madrid, soldier of Santa Cruz and twenty-five years old in 1698," and his wife, Isabel de la Serna, had a son, Bernardo, who married Gertrudis Martin, July 7, 1714.” An other son, Nicolas, married Antonia Lujén, August 29, 1735.Both Pedro and Isabel were already dead.“ IN Matias Madrid, resident of Santa Cruz, and twenty-thI'(‘o ]).\l, ](i.‘3.‘-l. No. log. 139. 9. Sziiz in 1709,‘-" and 0120, p. 58. 10. l).\l. ions, No. 11. 11. nm|.. 12. 31-21. s. Ild. 1. 5, 1.1.-s( E.\’|')l‘("“ﬂl), pp. 184, sqq.; Old Snntn .’l.’{'.2—.'l7.’§; l3.'ln(‘l‘l)H, lllst. at N. .\l., p. 20']. mt). lmuirroft. N.\l(). 1702. 7. 1).“. 1691, No. 11. 3. lbld.. 1723. No. 3. (r 1-: N '1' U 1: Y Maria, who boczunc the wife of Juan Trujil lo of Santa Cruz in l7l5."‘ By this time he was a captain.Hc died on February 18,1727.” 2, AASF, No. 17. 3. Sn. /\r('lI., 1. N0. 502. .1, is 1 G u '1' I4) I". N '1‘ u who inarriccl Agustin y(‘.'1rs old in 16.08, was :1 wed ding sponsor with his wife /lnlonia dc la Serna for Lazaro Duran and Grcgoria de la Serna.” They had two daughters: Isabel, 1, AG]. Gumlnlnjnrn. '1' ii la‘ l"v, Vol. III, 1 z 14. . 15. l|)ld., 1709, No. 9. 16. lhld., 17.15. N0. 6. 17. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. MAE S LUIS MAESE and his wife, Josefa de Archuleta, might have returned to Santa Fe in 1693,but it is certain that two daughters oftheirs, Antonia and Francisca, were living there in 1727, when they sold some paternal lands.Both parents were referred to as dead.‘ Antonia had married Mateo Martin, and was a widow in 1767 with two twin sons, both named Joaquin Martin, and known as “los Joaquines.”2 Francisca had married Simon Nieto, a San ta Fe soldier, and was dead by 1728.3 Miguel Maese had returned to New Mex ico with his wife Ma-ria Perea. But, some time before 1701, on a trip back to Santa Fe from Guadalupe del Paso, he was killed by Apaches. His widow then married Agus tin Lujan.“ In her last will, made in 1715, Maria Perea mentioned her only child by Miguel,Catalina Maese, who was married at that time to Juan Antonio Dominguez?‘ In this will she also mentioned a boy, Mi _._ 1- Sp. An-h., I. No. 16. 2. Ibld., N0. 40. 3. lhld.. N0. 642. 4. mi, 1701, N0. 5. 5 sp. Am... I, No. 680. guel Maese, fifteen, whom she had reared from birth.“ Other early Maese people, who cannot be classified for lack of data, were the follow ing: Crz'st6bal Maese and his wife, Gertrudis Sanchez, were living in Santa Fe in 1705.‘ Alonso Maese married Catalina Hurtado at Bernalillo, November 13, 1701.“ Juan Maese was living in Santa Fe in 1708 with his wife, Rufina Severiana.” Marcial Maese, also called Ma-rcial Sangil, was married to Rosalia Abeytia. They had at least two sons: Antonio, born April 5, 1734, and Bartolomé, December 17, 1735.” The Maese families which remained at Guadalupe del Paso (Socorro, San Elzeario, Ysleta, and Senecu) kept the old spelling of the name even to this day. During the past century, the descendants of those who re turned to New Mexico dropped the final vowel, and pronounced it as one syllable, “Més.” 6. 7. 8. ( Ihld. ll)|ll., II. No. 105: DH, 1705, N0. 6. II-l.'£. lh-rn., M. SOC. . Sn. Arrh., 11, No. 150. 10. I!-2, Alhuq. [217} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES MAE STAS JUAN DE MESTAS PERALTA returned to Santa Fe in 1693 with his wife, Casilda Lopez de Osura, who died soon after and was buried in Santa Fe. When Juan applied to marry Maria Trujillo in November, 1695, he stated that he had been born in Santa Fe, but did not know who his parents were.‘ By 1710he had established himself at Pojoaque, giving his age as fifty-eight in 1714.2In 1715, he and a son, Mateo, received permission to visit New Vizcaya, very likely to see rela tives who had remained at Guadalupe del Paso.“ The only son by the first wife was this Mateo, who married Rafaela Cortés in 1720.“ Maria Trujillo bore Juan the following large family: Maria, born February 7, 1707,“ who married Lorenzo Inocencio Velasquez; Casilda, who married Nicolas Sisneros in 1714;Juana, who became the wife of Pedro Sisneros in the same year;" Antonio, who married Maria Luisa Montoya in 1728;’ Joa quin, born March 25, 1713, who married Te resa Tafoya; José, born March 25, 1715; Man uela, born April 1, 1720;“Juan Manuel, born June 17, 1709, who married Francisca Mar tin; Francisco Xaruier, born April 14, 1711; Josefa Micaela, born May 18, 1717;”and Ven tura, who married Catalina Jurado. Ioctquin Mestcxs married Teresa Tafoya, by whom he had a son, Manuel, born in 1742.” l).\l.. 1695, No. 14. After her death he married Victoria S(inclicz_. May 16, 1756," by whom he had the follow ing. children: Juan Ignacio, born April 20, 1763; José Joaquin, February 14, 1760;” Josefa, April 18, 1771;” and Gcrtrudis, wife of Cristobal Larrafiaga.“ Ventura Mestas married Catalina Jurado, daughter of Juan Jurado and Rosa de Mis quia (most likely of Guadalupe del Paso), who left him two children in 1767, Antonia and Juan Ignacio.“ Antonia, the first wife of Juan Bautista Duran, was dead by 1767.“; Ventura was married a second time, to Maria Juana Vigil.” Antonio Mestcis married Maria Luisa Mon toya at Santa Cruz in 1728.“ They had these children: Maria Juliana, June 5, 1729; An tonio, June 9, 1731; Pedro Joaquin, March 30, 1735!” During the Nineteenth Century the name came to be spelled “Maesta-s.” probably in fluenced by the family name of Maes, which was pronounced “Més." But in spite of its corrupted spelling, “Maestas" is still pro nounced “Mestas.” 11. .\l-29. Stu. Cruz. 12. Both in “-27. S. Juan. 13. B-H, (‘nvhlli. lhId., 1710. No. 15; 1714, No. 7. Sn. Ar('h.. II, No. 1833. ]).\l. 1720, No. 1. 1-1. 13-21. S. llrI.. ham. or child. Mar. '22. 1780. 15. Sp. Art-h.. II. No. 419. 11-1811, NmnI»(-.. Both in 1\l—2-Ii.S. Ild. HM, 1728, No. 1. These three in M-24. S. IId.. M. Sec. . These three in B-18:1, Nnmbé. 0. B-31, Sta. Clnrn. "“3.°°.‘~‘.°‘.U':“.°’."-’?" 16. lhId.. II. No. 8-1;‘). 17. lhld.. No. 667. 18. 1).“. 1728. no number. 19. All in B-16, Nnnllré. MALD ONAD O SEBASTIAN ANTONIO MALDONADO was a witness, forty—two years of age, at the marriage of Antonio Duran y Chaves at Ber [218] nalillo in 1718.‘ In 1714 an order had been is sued in Mexico City for the arrest of the sol dier Sebastian Maldonado, for murdering a I N governor down in New Spain; it was pro claimed in New l\/lexieo in April, l7l.‘3." ll this was the same man, hehad not been ar rested three years later. However, nothing more is known about hi-m. Iosé Maldonado, a soldier of Santa Fe, mar C 1'} N T U R Y their progeny: .Io.s'riMiguel, Gaspar, Teodom, Mi._r;u(*l, l?r1~lI.rlsar. and Anto nio.‘ Gaspar and the younger Jose Miguel enlisted as soldiers in 1779 and 1783.“ He died on June 14, 1789, and was buried in the military chapel.“ A —-———— Baldonado (Christian name omitted) and his wife, Catalina Vallejo, had a son Fabian, born February 2, 1744.7 1).“, 1718, No. 10. -“-.‘-’.*~"!‘ I‘) I (I ll '1‘ I". I‘) N '1' ll l'"1'an(*i::(‘(t.,Jos/ ried Maria Luisa Tenorio, March 1.‘),1754." When he made his last will in 1789, he was SecondTeniente of the garrison. After nam ing his wife, he gave these seven children as 'I‘ II E HS:\'.\I. Mil. Papers. Sp. Arch., II, No. 211. M-50, Sta. Fe. Sp. Arch.. I, No. 598. 6. 7. Bur-51, Cnstrc-nse. B-5'7, Islctn. MANZANARES Ana (Antonia) de Sandoval y Manzanares had come up to New Mexico before the 1680 Pueblo Rebellion. She was a daughter of Mateode Sandoval y Manzanaresand wife ofBlas de la Candelaria. She returned to the RioAbajo area after the Reconquest with her Candelaria children.‘ A child, Andrés, was baptized in Albuquer que, December 16, 1709, the son of Feliciano Manzanares and Petronila de Avilaf how ever,this couple seems to be none other than Feliciano Candelaria and Petrona Varela. 1. 2. 3. 4. See Czuidolnrlu. B-2, Alhuq. 1).“, 1694, No. 17. Maria de Manzanares was the wife of Cris tobal Trujillo.“ Tomasa de Manzanares, a nineteen—year old girl, lived in the Santa Cruz country in 1713; and-as late as 1748, a woman of the same name was practicing the art of herb healing, “for lack of surgeons in the King dom.”" Juan Manzanares and his wife, Maria Ma drid, had a child, Barbara, born on May 28, 1737.‘ He acquired land in Chama in 1751.“ Andres and Manuel Manzanares, probably his sons, were living in Pojoaque in 1769.7 5. Bl-31, Sin. Clam. 6. Sn. An-h.. I. No. 1045. 7. lbld., Nos. 588. 539. Sn. Arch., II, Nos. 187, 498. MANCHEGO Manuel Mcmchego, a weaver, sixty-nine years old, lived in Belén in 1790 with his Wife,Rosa Miranda-. They had three sons, twenty, thirteen, and eleven years of age, and four daughters, sixteen, six, four, and two.‘ He died on December 22, 1802, leaving his wife with two sons and two daughters? A son, Juan Francisco, married Maria Ger trudis Silva in Belén, May 2, 1793.” 1. Sn. .~\rr|i.. II. No. 10f)‘.!l). '1. B-54. Tomi-. Bun. Sec. .1. lhld.. M. Sec. [219} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO i«u\M1i.11.:s MARES JOSE MARES, who did not know who his parents were, married Ana Rodriguez, fif teen-year—olddaughter of Lorenzo Rodriguez and Teresa Lopez Olguin, in 1716.‘ They had at least two sons, Nicolas and José, who was evidently the “Jose Julian,” twenty—five years old, who enlisted as a soldier in 1746.“ Simon de Ortega and a Maria Mares were marriage witnesses in 1694.3 Nicolds Mares, a soldier of Santa Fe, made his last will in 1766. His parents were José 1. DM. 1716. No. 9. 3. DM. 1694, No. 6. 2. llsN.\l. Mil. Papers. Antonio Mares and Ana Antonia Rodriguez, both deceased. His wife was Josefa de los Reyes cle Vargas, to whom he had been mar ried for thirty-two years. He also mentioned a brother, Jose, Their ten children were: Lorenzo, Manuel, Luis, Cristobal, José, Maria de l.a Luz, Fran cisco Esteban, José Manuel, Juan Domingo, and Nicolas. A Manuel Mares made his last will in San ta Fe in 1804.5 4. 5. Sn. Ar(‘h., I, No. 567. ll)|d., No. 604. MARINO LUIS MARINO married Isabel de Aguirre on May 21, 1778.‘-‘He was a native of San Mi guel el Grande, and thirty-three years old in 1790,residing at Los Padillas with his wife, thirty-one years of age. They had three boys, seven, six, and four years old, and two girls, nine and seven.3 One known son, Rafael, married Bernarda Luna, July 23, 1810.*A son, José Dolores, was born on September 18, 1825.“ Luis was most likely a brother of Fray J-osé Mariﬁo, also a native of San Miguel el Grande, who was the thirty-six-year-old Pa dre at Acoma in 1776:‘ 1. “-49, Islvfa. 2. Sn. Arch., II, No. 1092b. 3. B-5-I, Tomé, M. Sec. 4. I|)it1., B. Sec. 5. B.\'.\l. leg. 10. No. 43. Ammn. MARQUEZ Few members of the prominent and nu merous Marquez family of the preceding century returned with the Reconquest; the few who did are hard to place. FRANCISCO MARQUEZ and his wife, Estela Lujcin, were living in Santa Cruz in 1709, when their son Juan married Josefa Apodaca on August 18.‘ In all probability, a [220] Diego Marquez who married Juana Martin Serrano was another son. Iuun Marquez and Josefa Apodaca had the following children: Manuela, who became the second wife of Cristobal Baca in 1734; Maria, wife of Andres Sandoval; Domingo, IN born on August 1], 1726; ./lntonia. Sl1It()1l.(l, June 4, 1728; and /llcjamlro, in 1731.” ’l‘heir mother died in Santa Fe, March 2, 1758.3 Diego Marquez made his last will at Santa Cruz in 1729, in which he named his wife, Juana Martin Serrarno, and their three chil dren: Maria Estela, wife of Domingo Montes Vigil; Diego, eighteen and single; and Fran cisca, wife of Pablo Trujillo.‘ Their son, Diego II, married Gertrudis Es quivel in Santa Fe, August 25, 1730.5 1|: * * * IF * * 1! Iucm Mdrquez, a different man from the preceding namesake, married a widow, Mag dalena Baca, January 16, 1735.“ The follow ingyear he was prosecuted for adultery with another woman,’ and on February 23, 1741, Magdalena was found dead in bed)‘ mur dered by her husband, They had no children; her heirs were two boys by her first hus band: Nereo and Cristobal Manuel Montoya.“ Nicolés Marquez had been the husband of Ana Maria Montoya, who married Diego Arias de Quiros in 1694.” She had two Mar quez children: Antomla and Mateo. DM, 1709, Nos. 6. 12. These three in B-27, 8. Juan. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. Sp. Arch., I. No. 513; two girls evidently named for Man grandparents. -D 1-: 1-: I (: ll '1' 1-: 1-: N '1' ll (7 1-: N '1' U lt Y /lntorzia, wife of Agustin Silt"/., had died before 1709.Mateo married /lgustina Romero in Santa Fe in 1702;“ they had a daughter, Ana Maria, who married Domingo Valdés. This Nicolas Marquez might well have been the son of Catalina Marquez by her in famous husband, Nicolas de Aguilar, of the preceding century. * * * It =1! I0‘ # I DIEGO MARQUEZ DE AYALA was a na tive of Zelaya in New Spain who joined the colonists of 1693. He was the son of Don Juan, nineteen years old, with an aquiline face, large eyes, the left one darker than the other. His wife was Maria de Palacios Boli var, fifteen, daughter of Antonio and born in Vera Cruz; she was fair with a round face and big eyes”, Diego was a coppersmith by trade.” But by 1716 he held the rank of captain in the militia.” Either he or his contemporary of the same name (without Ayala) was a mem ber of the Confraternity of La Conquista dora.” A known child of his, Maria, became the wife of Lazaro Trujillo.” Another was, in all probability, a Juana Marquez de Ayala who was the wife of José Antonio Naranjo. 9. Sp. Arch., loc. clt. 10. I).\l, 1694. No. 32. 11. lhld.. 1702, No. 3. 12. Sp. Arch., II, No. 54a; 1, No. 404; BNM, leg. 4, Pt. 1. pp. 79()-79:’). DM, 1730. no number. M-50. Sta. Fe. 13. D31, 1705. No. 12. 14. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 404. 15. OLC. p. 70. 16. B-1'1. Nambé, 1797, second M. of son Mariano. Sp. Ax-ch., II, No. 437. wswwﬁewwv '1‘ ll Bur-48. Sta. Fe. MARTlN BARBA Some members of this pre-Rebellion fam ily very likely came back to New Mexico in 1693as plain “Martin.” Hence they would be hard to separate from any Martin Serrano people who also dropped the second part of the name. We do know that one Martin Barba came back as Juan Lujan. [221] ORIGINS Oi" NIGW Ml‘)XlC() I"/\l\ilLlI‘}S MARTlN SERRANO I, LUIS MARTIN SERRANO of the pre ceding century, and his wife Catalina (Le Salazar, had many descendants to resettle New Mexico in 1693 through at least two sons, Luis II and Pedro. (The progeny of his brother HERNAN are treated further on.) 1. LUIS MARTIN SERRANO II and his wife, Antonia de Miranda, had these chil dren, as well as they can be distinguished and sorted out: Luis III (not heard of again after the Reconquest), Domingo (7), Anto nio, Francisco, Maria, wife of Antonio Lujan, and Maria Rosa, married to Nicolas Lopez. Domingo Martin Serrano (was he a son of Luis II or Hernan II?) was married to Josefa de Herrera. A witness in 1694, he declared that he was born in Santa Fe, giving his age as forty—seven in that year, and as eighty in 1726.‘He died at the age of ninety on Febru ary 27, 1735? His children were: Diego, who married Pascuala de Soto at Santa Cruz in 1694;“Maria, wife of Juan Lu jan; Blas, who married Rosa de Vargas Ma chuca in 1705;‘ and Matias, husband of Jo sefa Lujan Dominguez.-5 Antonio Martin Serrano, son of Captain Luis Martin, was twenty—six in 1681 and thirty three in 1690.“ He was married to Ynez de Ledesma before 1680, then by 1703 to Maria <I~___._____________-—.____ A de Carvajal, a native of Querétaro and wi dow of Jose Cortés, when Antonio is referred to as “El Tecolote.” He was married a third time, to Gertrudis Fresqui, August 25, 1725, at Santa Crtiz. He was living in Chimayé when he died at the age of eighty.’ In 1696, after his first wife’s death, he had asked to marry Josefa Lujan, daughter of Domingo Lujén, but she changed her mind.“ DH, 1694, No. ‘.26: 1726, No. 2. llur-32. Sin. Cruz. l).\l- iﬁﬂi, No. 9. lhl(l., 1707:, N0. 1. Sp. An-li., I, No. 2.11. H('\’Il". II. pp. 167, 191‘: Dr“. 1690, N0. 1. IL“, 1727:. N0. 7; AGN, M4-x.. lnq., L 735. 1'1. 301 mm. 1).“. 1696, No. 16. . x=.==-i.--:«~.A:—*.w~ lbld.. 1698, No. 11. [22] He then married l\’Tariadc Carvajal in 1698, when he gave both his parents’ names and said that he was a charter settler of the new town of Santa Cruz." It is not known who his children were, if any. Francisco Martin Serrano, son of Luis Mar tin, still living in 1694, and of Antonia Mi randa, had lost his wife, Juana Laurera, when he married Juana Garcia in Santa Fe, Octo ber 26, 1694.” This second wife, Juana Garcia de los Rios,""‘ made her last will in 1752, where she named their twelve children: Juan Martin, Nicolas, Lorenzo, Ma-ria, Francisco Xavier, Marcial, Ana, Petrona, Jo sefa, Angela, Manuel, and Blas (the last two dead).“ Of these, Francisco (Xavier) mar ried Felipa Ribera at Albuquerque in 1721;” Marcial was sued for heart-balm by Ynez Griego in 1736,” but married Gabriela de Atienza on August 28, 1737.“ Margarita, a daughter by the first Wife, married Juan Andrés Apodaca in 1707.” 2. PEDRO MART1N SERRANO DE SAL AZAR and his wife, Juana de Argiiello, also returned in 1693to re-settle the ancestral La Canada country.” He was dead by 1700,when a son got married. But Juana, seventy years old in 1718, was still living with her daugh ter Josefa, widow of Andrés Archuleta, in Santa Fe.” The known sons were: Miguel, husband of Leonor Dominguez de Mendoza; Antonio, who married Ana Maria Gomez, and then Magdalena Sedillo; Francisco, “El Cicgo," married to Casilda Contreras; and Sebastian, husband of Maria Lujan. Three known daughters were: Maria, wi dow of Juan Olguin, who married Tomas de 10. lhi(l.. 1694, N0. 8. 10.1Perhaps of family of Diego Vcllisquez and Juana del Rio (q.\'.). 1]. Sn. Arr-h.. I. No. .'i.'u.'l. ‘.1. D.\I. 17131. No. 1. IL lhI«l.. 1711!},no number. -l. .\l-‘.27. .\'. Juan. 53. DH. 1707. NI). '3. 6. Sn. Arch., 1, Nn. 818: 11. Nos. 67, 68. 7. lMd‘., I, No. 505. lN'l‘llEJ:ll(Jll'l‘l!ll£N'1‘llCl'lN'l'Ul{Y Bc_izu'ano;Jmma, widow of i“r:1iicisco (le Apo Ii‘o.s'ulia ((le:ul), Val.<'n(,in, Tomris (dead), (l:l(.'Zl,who then 'm.(i.s'II ((l(‘£l(l), Jmziz Cu,In'i(*I, M(n'_qarit.a, Mi m:u'rie(l :1 dil'1'(‘i‘e.nl.Jium Ol guin in 1695, and then Felipe do Arratia; and Joscfa, wife of Andres de Archulcta.” Miguel Martin Serrano married Leonor Do minguez do Mendoza in 1707.‘’'Both are men tioned in a hcxing case in 1708. His wife’s aunt, Petrona Dominguez, was married to a Simon Martin.” Antonio Martin Serrano was twenty-seven when he married Ana Maria Gomez of Guad alupe del Paso, at Santa Fe in 1700. His fa ther Pedro was here mentioned as deceased.“ He next married Felipa de Villavicencio,” widow of Gabriel de Ansures, and then Mag dalena Sedillo, widow of Juan de Dios Mar tinez, in 1734.“ One known daughter of his, by his first wife, was Ynez Martin, who married Juan Jose Pacheco in 1732.“ This pair was living at La Soledad in 1758, when her father was mentioned as dead.“ -—\_______ Francisco Martin Serrano, called “El Ciego,” must have been blind, or very much near sighted, to deserve the nickname. His wife was Casilda Contreras.“ He was living at El Embudo with his wife in 1764 when he made his last will.“ Of their children, Salvador Manuel mar ried Feliciana Rael de Aguilar, April 25, 1743;“ Juan Fra«ncz'scomarried Paula Villal pando; Maria Luisa was born on May 20, 1729;“ and Josefa married Luis Suazo of Guadalupe del,Paso, October 2, 1734.3" One son, Juan Francisco, made his last will at El Embudo in 1767, naming Paula Villal pando as his wife, and their eleven children: 18. GENEALOGY: Jnsvfn Mnrtin S:-rrnnn, Ililarln Archutcln, Julio Archuleta, Maria Ignacia Archuiela, Maria Joscfa Quin tana. Desidcrlo Roybal. Romualdo A. Chavez. 19. D51, 1707. N0. 1. 20. Sp. Arch., II, No. 13Tb. 21. DM. 1700, N0. 1. '.3‘.!.Sn. Arrh., I. N0. 636. 23. It-ll}. Nxunlié: M-27, S. Juan. 24. M-27. S. Junn. 25-. Sp. Arvin, I. No. 687. 26. lhld., II. No. 137b. '27. lhId., I, No. 565. Rnybal, Nicol-"I511R")’l>=ll- FF To— guel, Rosalia, Juan. 1>’auLisIa,.1036, and Ana Marian“ Another son of old Francisco might have beenlan Antonio, married to Catalina de Vil lalpando, who made his will at Embudo in 1763.Their children were: Maria-, second wife of Marcial Torres, and Puscuala, wife of Joa quin Torres, son of Marcial by a first wife.” Sebastian Martin Serrano is the most fa mous of the whole clan. He and his wife, Maria Lujcin, were still in Santa Fe in 1698, when he gave his age as twenty-seven.” But within a few years he had moved north to the ancestral Rio Arriba country.“ In 1714 he was Alcalde of Santa Cruz.” He built up his large grant at La Soledad, north of San Juan Pueblo, and there reared a large fam ily; he himself became a legendary figure as an Indian campaigner.” The chapel that he built at La Soledad was -mentioned by Father Dominguez in his report of 17775" In 1730 he was made to vacate grant lands in Taos Val ley that were too close to the Pueblo, and he brought suit against Governor Bustamante for the loss of crops and stock. His com plaints, proven false, brought him a fine for perjury and misrepresentation.” His wife, Maria Lujrin, made her last will in 1765,when she declared that she was the legitimate daughter of Don Fernando Duran y Chaves and Elena Ruiz Cdceres (another example of interchanging this name with Lujrin). Her father was, then, not the pro genitor of the post-Reconquest family of the Rio Abajo, but the Sargento Mayor whose family was massacred in Taos in 1680. Maria might have been made captive as a baby,”"" or she was with relatives away from Taos at the time; anyway, some of her husband’s '23. 51-50, Stu. Fe. 25!. “-27. S. Junn. 30. .\l-27, S Juan. 311. Sn. :‘l'('ll.. I, No. 600. 32. lhId.. NH. 987. .'t.'¥. l).\l. ‘llifll, No. 8: 1651;’),N0. 10: 16.08, No. 1. 154, 1.".Tb. SH. Sp. An-li.. I, No. -18-1; I1. Nos. 3.‘). lh|lu‘ruI’t. N.\l(). 171-1. 34'».An inlerosliniz account hy 'I‘\vilclic-ll in Sp. Arch., I, p. «:31: the story rings true. but dates and persons are jumbled. 37. ll.\'.\l, log. 10. No. 43. S. Junn. 38. Bnncmft, N.\l(), 1731. 38.1.5013 First Exp:-dltlnn. p. 156. [223] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES lands in Taos Valley were those she had in herited from Don Fernando. (q.1v.). Maria mentioned her husband as already dead, and named their children as follows: Marcial, Ma-rgarita (dead), Rosa, Manuel, Angela, José Antonio, Josefa, Juan, and Fran cisco (the last three dead). The estate of Captain Sebastian Martin was probated again in 1772,with the last wills of both par ents in evidence. Lands in question included those in Taos Valley, Truchas, and Chamisal; surviving children and grandchildren also found mention.” Their eldest son, Marcial, the executor of his father’s will, married Lugarda Medina, who bore him a son, Salvador, April 6, 1726.” Juan Manuel Martin, who married Elena Roybal, with Bernardo Roybal and Marga rita Martin as sponsors, September 27, 1731,“ was, to all appearances, Margarita’s brother, the “Juan” mentioned in the will. Of the daughters, Margarita had married Juan de Padilla early in the century,” and later became the wife of Bernardo Roybal in 1731; on the same day, September 26, her younger sister, Angela, married Bernardo’s younger brother, Ignacio.“ Here are three Martins, two sisters and one brother, married to three Roybals, two brothers and one sister. * * =1! 3|! * * * * Il. HERNAN MARTIN SERRANO, who survived his brother LUIS I, and was so healthy and active when “more than eighty” during and after the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680,appears to have had three wives, at the least: Maria Montafio, Ca-talina Griego, and Josefa de la Asencion Gonzalez. Having been born at San Gabriel del Yunque around the year 1606, he actually was about seventy four in 1680; and if he did come back to New Mexico in 1693, he was then about eighty seven years old. His children by the first wife appear to have been: Juan, husband of Ana Lopez de 39. Sp. /|r<‘h.. I. Nos. 195. 698. 410. "-27. S. Junn. /ll. liur-lﬂ. Nnmlié. M. SN‘. 42. (‘.1-IN]-I/\l.()(;Y: lllnrsmrlln Mnrlln. hllcncln Pmlllln, Jnscfn Lnlmrllu. l\l:u'ln (Iu:ul.-ilupo lllhcrn. Marin Dnlnrcs Alnrld. Ro munldu Rnylml. Nll'Ul.’ISl\ Roybal, Fr. A. Cl\{l\'(‘Z. 43. M-21, S. Juan. 4-1. Sp. Arch.. 1. No. 491. 45. DM. 1697, No. 5. [224] Gracia; José; Maria, wife of Bartolomé de Ledesma (all deacl before 1680); Cristobal, certainly known to be Maria Montan0’s son, who married Antonia Moragag“ and Pas cuala, daughter of Hernando Martin and Ma ria. Montana, who married Diego Duran in Santa Fe in 1694. Cristobal Martin H, twenty, son of Hernan do Martin and Catalina Griego, married a Juana de la Cruz at Guadalupe del Paso in 1697.Evidently he had remained there with some of his mother’s people, Juan Griego be ing a witness.” Children by Josefa de la Asencién Gonza lez were: Mateo, who married Antonia Maese; Andrés, husband of Lucia de Torres; Tomasa, first wife of Bernardino de Sena?“ and Maria, married to Bernardo (or Bernar dino) Fernandez. Their mother, Josefa de la Asencion, survived her aged husband for many years, ending her days in the house of the Vicar, Don Santiago Roybal." The Vi car’s sister, Manuela Roybal, had married Bernardino de Sena after Tomasa Martin's death. Cristobal Martin Serrano returned in 1693 with his wife, Antonia Moraga, and their known children: Cristobal, who married Ma ria Montoya at Bernalillo in 1698, after be ing rejected by Gerénima Baca that same year;"3 Diego, who married Manuela de Var gas in 1714 at Santa Fe,” Maria, wife of Manuel Antonio Dominguez,” and Josefa, mentioned with her mother and brethren in 1713:“ Cristobal and his wife were arguing for lands in Chimayo in 1714.“ In 1715, Antonia de Moraga and two sons, Diego and younger Cristobal, got leave to visit relatives in So nora.” Her husband died at Santa Cruz at the age of seventy, November 28, 1736.“ 46. GFINFALOGY: Tunmsn Mnrtln Gunzzill-1., Tnmlis Antonin do Scnn. (iraclann Pnulcnrla Sena, Manuel Ribcrn, Marla Guad alupe Ribcra, lxlarla Dolores Alarld. Romualdo Roybal, Nicolasa Rnyhal, Fr. A. Chavez. -I7. Sp. Arrh., I. No. 40. 48. |).\l. IGOR, Nos. 3, ll. 45!. llihl., 17l«l, N0. 6. SH. lhld., 1723. No. 51. Sp. /\l'1‘|I., H. No. 197. 52. ll)ld., No. 496. 53. lhld., No. 183a. 54. Bur-32, Sta. Cnu. 18. IN T1113 ElGll’l‘El5N'1‘ll Mateo Martin and Antonia Maesc had twin sons, both named Joaquin, and called “los Joaquin.es,” born in Santa Fe in 1730, five years before their mother married Mateo. Their grandmother was Josefa de la Asen cién, widow of Hernando Martin.“ They also had a daughter, Ynez Gricgo [adopted?], who sued Marcial Martin, son of Francisco Martin, for breach of promise in 1736.5“ (,‘I£N'l‘UItY .Iosé.“"‘One son, Juan Pablo, was the princi pal witness in a cel(‘b1‘:1t(rdcase in 1728 in volving one Francisco Xavier Romero.“ An Isidro Martin, soldier of Santa Fe in 1757, married to the widow of Francisco Trujillo, and step-father to Antonio Trujillo, seems to be another of his sons."-" Miguel died in 1754; one of his daughters (Manuela) was mentioned as the wife of Francisco Quintana.“ Andrés Martin, brother of Mateo and son of Josefa de la Asencién, inherited his mother’s lands in Chimayé.“ On March 3, 1723, he married Lucia de Torres, a widow.“ This seems to be the same Andrés Martin who moved from the Santa Cruz country down to Alameda, where he married Qui Alejo Martin was living in Santa Fe in 1701 with his wife, Maria de la Roche, or Rocha.“ Shortly after, he moved to the Rio Arriba area. He and Captain Sebastian Martin wit nessed a wedding officially at La Soledad, December 25, 1729.“ In all likelihood, he was Sebastién’s brother, as some of his children teria Garcia de Noriega, August 16, 1734.59 used the “Martin Serrano de Salazar” name.“ They had a son, Juan. Pablo Toribio, born A son, Nicolas Jacinta, married Maria de la April 23, 1745,“ and a daughter, Maria Vibi Serna at Santa Cruz in 1712,and these had a ana, who became the wife of Eusebio Duran child, Juan Ricardo, April 8, 1731.” y Chaves.“ A daughter, Maria, was the wife of Diego Andrés next married Maria Dolores Galle de Torres.“ gos, July 15, 1747; this young wife brought An Alejo Martin who married Catalina de suit against Eusebio de Chaves in 1765 for Ribera on February 20, 1730,” might be the beating up her fifty-seven-year-old husband, old man himself, or else a son of the same name. and his own father-in—law. Andrés was still living in 1812, being then eighty years old.“ Diego Martin was already -married to Tere It =l= * * * * * * sa de Herrera in 1706.Both were sponsors at Other Martin Serrano people of the Recon the marriage of Diego Lucero and Ana Maria Martin, February 3, 1726.“ Diego Martin died quest period, surely the sons and daughters on October 1, 1743.” of any of the foregoing heads of families, Antonio Martin, husband of Maria de Her cannot be placed in their proper categories without additional data, rera, died on March 17, 1749.“ This looks like another case of two broth Miguel Martin Serrano, residing at Santa ers marrying two sisters. Cruz in 1713, was married to Maria Archu leta, daughter of Juan de Archuleta and Isa Di-egoMartin, a younger man, and Rosa de bel Gonzalez. In his last will, drawn up in Atienza, had the following children: Maria 1753,he listed their children: Agustin, Juan, Antonia, February 9, 1726; Juan Ignacio, Pablo, Isidro, Juan Pablo, Manuela, and March 18, 1729; and Diego, May 22, 1731." Sp. Ar4*h..I. No. 40. DM. 1736. no number.. Sp. Arch., Int‘. clt. M-16, Nnmbé. M-3, Alhuq. B-3. Alliuq. F > 1! 'I J" 2 3 I‘ 3§ .: Sp. Ar<‘h., II. Nos. 590. 605. .. 1. Nos. 509, 546. . Nn. $51!. Hilda I, No. 980. lbId., II. No. 529. . lbld., I, No. 480. She was a native of the Province of So aaasaeassaaaa nnra. (M.-irrlnrzc«it daughter Marla.) 68. M-27, 34. Junn. G9. Sp. Arch.. 1. No. 752. 70. DH. 1712, No. 4: B-27, S. -lunn. 7]. Sn. ArrlI.. I. No. 752. (‘.1-INF?/\l.OGY: Mnriii Mnrtin. i\'i(‘0 lhs Torres. Mnrlann 'l‘nrres, l\l.'ll'l.'l Rtln 'I‘nI'rt-s. Jusé Ch{i\‘uz. Eugenio Ch:'n'ez. I-‘:ih|:'1n Chn\'c7.. Fr. A. Cll{l\'(‘7.. 71!. .'\l-50, Sin. F1-. 711. Sn. Ar('h.. I, No. 401. 74. M-27. N. Junn. 75. Bur-82. Stu. Cniz. 76. Sn. Arch., I, No. 33; l'!ur—.'l2,Stu. Cruz. 77. All In I!-2'1, S. Jun.n. [225] ORIGINS 01" NEW MEXICO I"/\lVlII_.lES In 1740, Diego Martin and :1 (lil'l'crcnt Wo man, .lmmu Baltasar.” (Iv /ln.-:ur<'.~:. ll.'l(l :1 l(‘}{ll.llIl.'lt(‘ son, Ignacio Martin married Mariana Giltoméy, January 17, 1730. They had a son, Simon, Oc tober 28, 1730.” It can be seen how large this Martin Ser rano family was from the start, since prac l.l(‘.'lll_Vall of its lll(‘llll)(‘l'S l'(‘l.tlI'H(‘(l with the Reconquest. During the Nineteenth Century they gradually came to be known as “los Martines,” and the later addition of a final z turned this plural form into the patronymic “Martinez." But this was the name of differ ent families treated next. 78. lbld. 79. 31-27 and I!-27, S. Juan. MARTTNEZ (Various) Don Felix Martinez was one of the “hun dred” soldiers recruited by Vargas in Spain. He was a native of Galicia. After signing up at Zacatecas in April, 1693, he came up to Guadalupe del .Paso to play an active role in the Reconquest. He was Vargas’ Adjutant in 1694,Commander of the Guadalupe del Paso Presidio in 1695, and of Cavalry in 1705.‘ He is mentioned as having been escorted back to Mexico City by Pedro Duran y Chaves just prior to 1713,”but is listed as acting or interim Governor of New Mexico in 1715 1717,after which he left New Mexico.“ There is no evidence of his having had a family in New Mexico. * * =l< #1 =34 * =l< * Manuel Martinez de Gamboa was in the Velasco list of 1693. He was eighteen years old, the son of Nicolas and a native of Mex ico City; he had a round face and a large scar down the entire left side of his face and forehead. His wife was Ysabel Cano Monte zuma, sixteen, the daughter of Don Manuel de Proenza, and also born in Mexico City; she had big eyes and a pointed nose} The other Velasco list had a Dona Juana Cano Montezuma, a widow, with her mother, Dona Polonia Garcia, and four children: Isa bel Maria, seventeen; Manuel, fourteen; Jo sefa, ten; and Alonso Francisco, six.“ This ap pears to have been a superior sort of family ‘which, unfortunately, backed out, leaving only the girl, Ysabel, who meanwhile had [226] married young Manuel Martinez de Gamboa. But there is no evidence to show that even this young pair ever reached New Mexico. * * =l= * * * =l4 * JUAN MANUEL MARTINEZ DE CER VANTES, son of the same, twenty—seVen years old and a native of Mexico City, came with" the colonists of 1693. He had a dark, round face, large eyes, and a broad nose. His wife was Catalina de los Angeles, twenty four, the daughter of Francisco Collacos, and also a native of Mexico City; she had a dark, aquiline face, large eyes and forehead. With them came a thirty-six-year-old ser vant, Cecilia de la Cruz.“ The wife died on the journey during child birth, at the post of Ojo Caliente, Hacienda of Tabalopa and Paso del Norte, in April, 1694. Her husband reached Santa Fe with the colonists, and he settled in Santa Cruz, where he married another native of Mexico City, Maria de Guadalupe Navarro, sixteen, daughter of Antonio Navarro and Antonia Gonzalez de Vargas, both deceased. He gave his own parents as Juan Martinez de Cervan tes and Maria Antonia Chirinos. Here he also gave his own last name as “Chirinos.”7 This is the name he went under when working in the reconstruction of San Miguel Chapel in 1710,“ and also when he married again in this same year; his third wife was Juana Montoya, widow of Francisco Palo mino Rendon.” l.N THE l']IGll'l‘I'll".N'l‘]l CENTURY He had two daughters by his second wife: l.7(cia,who married Juan Cayelznio ljobato of Santa Fe; and Maria de Guadalupe, who married Jose Trujillo of Santa Cruz. Both marriages took place in 1716, and both girls were using the “Chirinos” name.” This sur name did not survive; if Juan Manuel had any male children, they might have reverted to “Martinez.” Juan de Dios Martinez, sixty years old and a native of Mexico City, and Pedro Martinez, thirty and a native of Puebla, and also mar ried, appeared together as testimonial wit nesses for the marriage of Maria de Guada lupe Chirinos. Hence, they may have been closely related, Juan de Dios was married to Mcztgdalena Cedillo, who, after his death, married a wi dower, Antonio Martin, in 1734.“ Pedro had appeared as a witness before, in 1708,when he said that he was born in Pu ebla, was married, and resided in Santa Fe. 9°.“F‘I~":‘*“.‘*’P~3?" AG]. Mr-x.. Aud.. leg. 377. Sn. Arch., II, No. 198. NMHR. Vol. VI. No. 2. p. 158. Sn. An-h.. II, No. 54c. BNM. leg. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 790-795. Sp. Ar(‘li., lot‘. cit. 1).“. 1696, No. 1. Kubler, pp. 11, 17, 20. He signed his name “Pedro Martinez.”"~’ It is not known who his wife was, or his chil dren, if any. =l= 1: =1: :1: :2 :x: =1: 4' SALVADOR MARTiNEZ CLEMENTE, place of origin not known, married Rosalia Garcia dc Noriega early in the century. They appeared together as sponsors, October 8, 1728.‘-"'Known children of theirs were: Antonio Facundo, born December 6, 1731; Luis, March 7, 1734; Vicente, October 28, 1745; Coleta Barbara, in 1750;” and Joaquin, who married Teresa Tenorio de Alba, Octo ber 20, 1749.” Salvador was accused of trying to kill his father-in-law, Luis Garcia, by running him down with his horse.” The Martinez people were few when com pared with the old Martin Serrano group. But when the latter became “Martinez” also, this name became, perhaps, the most numer ous in New Mexico, espeeiallylin the north. 51, ]).\l. 1710, No. 16. 10. lliid., 1716. Nos. 10, 13. 11. B-16. Nmnhi-. 12. 1).“. 1708, N0. 1. 13. B-2, Alhuq. 1-1. B-2 and B-3. Albuq. 15. ll-50. Sin. Fl-. 16. Sp. Ar('lI., I. No. 1221. MARZELINO (See Ladrén de Guevara) . MASCARENAS JOSE MASCARENAS, twenty-six years old, the son of Felipe, and born in Mexico City,brought his family with the colonists of 1693.He had a medium build, ‘large eyes, and scars on the eyebrow and chin. His wife, Maria de Acosta, eighteen, the daughter of Nicolas, was also born in Mexico City; she was of medium height, dark, with large eyes and a small nose. They had an eight-year-old daughter, Jo sefa Melchora, born in Mexico City, who had a broad face, large eyes, and a thick nose.‘ Jose was a caldercro by trade.’-’ He gave his age as twcnty—seven in 1695, and twenty eight in 1(397,givingMexico City as his birth place. First he lived in Santa Cruz, and then was in Santa Fe, when he signed his name as “Jose Bernardo Masearenas.”“ In 1701 he and [227] 0 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES his wife were living in Bernalillo, where a boy, 1"rancis(:o, was born Another child, Maria, is treated further on in connection with the Archibeque family. Their father must have died in the early part of the century, as their mother had mar ried a Juan Nolaseo Armijo or Agiiero, and died prior to 1732.“The children were known in Santa Fe as “the orphans of Jose Mascare ﬁas” in 1736.“ One girl, Maria, was reared in the house 1. 2. 3. hold of Juan de Archibeque, who had a nat on I“<‘br11;u‘y27." ural son by her. This boy, ./mm, was re:1re<l in his father’s house and bore his name. But after Archibeque‘s death he took his moth er’s name instead.’ Francisco Mascareﬁas is heard of in con nection with his nephew, the son of Archi beque and his sister Maria,“ and finds men tion in other documents, but nothing is known of his wife and family. Sp. Ar-ch., II, No. 54C. BNM, leg. 4. Pt. 1. DD. 790, 795. DM, 1695. No. 1; 1697. No. 3. 5. G. 7. 8. 4. B-13, Bern. M-3. Alhuq. Sp. Arch., 1. No. 754. lbld., 1, Nos. 13, 339; II, No. 373. Ibld. MATA Iosé de Mata, forty—six,was with the exiled colonists at Guadalupe del Paso in 1681.‘ Baltasur de Mata married Isabel de Chaves, 1. widow of Jacinto Peléez, in 1705.”They had two children: Pedro, born August 12, 1708,” and Margarita, October 30, 1705,‘ who be came the wife of Bernabé Baca. D31. 1681. No. 3. 3. 4. 2. B-13. Bem., M. Sec B-2. Albuq. B-18, Bern. MEDINA JUAN LORENZO DE MEDINA and his wife Antonia Sedano were among the colo nists of 1693.‘ He was twenty years old, the son of José, and born in Mexico City, of me dium height, with joined eyebrows, large eyes and nose. She was fourteen, the daugh ter of Pedro and a native of Querétaro, fair and poekmarked, with a scar on the left eye brow.” Her sister, Josefa, was the wife of Ni colés J ir6n.3 It is not known if Juan Lorenzo and Anto nia had any children. He was married a sec ond time, to Juana Anaya-Almazan, by whom he had during five years of married life up until his death: Juan Francisco, Maria An tonia, and Margarita Antonia.‘ He died on July 4, 1731.“ [228] DIEGO DE MEDINA, who did not know who his parents were, was born in the City of Durango. He was a soldier in Santa Fe in 1694 when he married Maria Zapata Telles Jirén.“ Two known children of theirs were Ramon and Josefa. The girl married Diego Romero of Santa Cruz in 1714.’ Rctmén de Medina, soldier of Santa Fe, the son of Captain Diego de Medina, deceased, and Maria Telles Jiron, had been married to a Juana Rodriguez. After her death he mar ried Valentina Montes de Oca.‘ * * It =0! * * Q! * JUAN DE MEDINA, twenty, the son of Melchor, and born in Mexico City, was de IN '1‘IIEEIGlI'l‘I'IENTlI CENTURY scribed as tall, long—faced, with large eyes, a thick nose, and :1scar on the left cheek. His wifewas Juana Marquez, twenty-six, of me dium height, with a dark aquilinc face and Vega y Coca and of Jose Luis Vuldés, respec tively. Thon, /lmlrea do M(.’d.inawas the wife of Nicolas Rodriguez, and Micaela de Medina of Simon de Molina. big eyes.“ Either this Juan, or the one first treated, was the carpenter who made the altar for the Conquistadora Chapel in 1714.” g. :1: 2: =0: :1: >9: >1: ao Other Medinas of the Reconquest period were several women, the wives or mothers of new colonists. For example, two daugh ters .of Alonso de Medina, who died before the colony set out'for New Mexico, were Minuela and Maria-, wives of Miguel de la BNM. leg. 4. pt. 1. pp. 790-5. Sp. An-h., II. No. Me. lbld., I, No. 508. IhId.. I, No. 1226. Bur--I8. Sta. Ft-. .°‘5-":‘*9’N!" Juan Antonio de Medina married Francis ca Fernandez, April 19, 1739.“ Salvador de Medina and his wife Manuela Martin were witnesses for the marriage of Juan Tiburcio de Medina and Manuela Mar quez, February 6, 1759.” These people were descended from any of the above-mentioned distinct families, but more data is necessary to link them defi nitely. 7. 8. 9. Ili|d.. 1714, N0. 3. l|I|d.. 1718, N0. 1. Sp. Arch., II, No. 546. 10. OLC. pp. 39, 76. . 11. M-27, S. Juan. 12. B-16, Nnmbé. M. Sec. DM, 1694, No. 23. \ MEUSNIER PedroMeusnier did not settle in New Mex ico proper, but the facts incidental to his coming and his marriage affect two other Frenchmen who did stay; moreover, his name is encountered in histories of the period covering Nueva Vizcaya and what is now Texas. Meusnier married Lucia Madrid, a native of Guadalupe del Paso, the daughter of Pe droMadrid and Yumar Varela, both pre-Re volt New Mexicans. He was a native of Paris, the son of Luis Meusnier and Ysabel German. “Juan de Archibec” and “Santiago 1. DM, 1699, No. 9. Grolé,” soldiers of Santa Fe, stated that they had known Meusnier for fifteen years, hav ing left France together in 1684 with the “General, Monsiur de La Sala,” who consid ered Pedro as though» he were his own son; for old Meusnier, treasurer of the French King, had entrusted the boy to the General’s personal care. The marriage took place at Guadalupe del Paso, on December 28, 1699.‘ Earlier in the same year, Pedro had given testimony for Grolé’s marriage. At that time he gave Paris as his birthplace, and his age as twenty-six.’ 2. Ibld.. No. 5. MIERA (Miera y Pacheco) BERNARDO MIERA Y PACHECO, a Cap tain of the Cavalry of Cantabria, was a na tive of Valle de Carriedo of the Mountains of Burgos in Spain. His father was a Don Luis dc Miera who served under the Conde dc Aguilar in the Army of Philip V. His grand (229) O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES father, Don Antonio Pacheco, (lovcrnor of Navarra an(l Colonel ol'tl1e.“'J‘cr'/.io” of Lom bardy, died in the battle of Mantua. His mo ther’s name was Isabel Ana Pacheco.‘ Bernardo arrived in Santa Fe as early as 1756, when he was Alcalde Mayor of Galis teo and Pecos." In a Memorial which he wrote to the Spanish King, he said that he had arrived at El Paso del Norte in 1743, where he first resided and participated in five campaigns. From there he moved to Santa Fe with his family at the beginning of Governor del Valle’s term, when he was made Alcalde and War Captain of Pecos and Galisteo.“ Outlining his ancestry, as previ ously given, he asked for military titles for himself and for his son, Anacleto.‘ Bernardo was an accomplished jack-of-all trades. He tried, though he failed, to recast old ordnance pieces in Santa Fe.“ He carved the wooden statue of St. Philip the Apostle still to be seen on the high altar at San Fe lipe Pueblo.“ And he accompanied Fathers Dominguez and Veléz Escalante as guard commander and explorer on their famous tour of exploration, from which noteworthy maps from his hand came into being, includ ing a detailed map of New Mexico in 1779. He was also a charter officer and first secre tary of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Light.’ The wife who came with him was Estefa nia Dominguez de Mendoza, evidently a member of the old New Mexico family which settled in the Chihuahua country instead of returning north with the Reconquest. She died in Santa Fe on December 13, 1783; her husband followed her on April 11, 1785.” They had two sons: Anacleto and Manuel. Anacleto (also Cleto) Miera y Pacheco was born in Chihuahua around the year 1742.As a member of the Santa Fe garrison in 1790 he gave his age as forty-eight. His wife, Cat alina Pino, was thirty-seven, and they had five sons, eighteen, twelve, ten, three, and one, and three girls, fifteen, nine, and six.” ' He had first married Maria Fclipa Tafoya, [230] May 2.‘),17(i8,"’ by whom he had some of the chihlrcn just. cn1unr‘ral.c(l. 'I‘lic:;c were: Maria Josefa. born September 12, 1769; Francisco Xavier, February 10, 1772; Teresa Rosalia, November 8, 1773; and Maria de las Nieves, August 6, 1776." Of these girls, Maria Josefa married Jose Francisco Ortiz, and Teresa be came the wife of Antonio Ortiz, both of San ta Fe. Maria de las Nieves was involved in an affair in the Rio Abajo country in 1805.” Their Tafoya mother had died on April 9, 1782.” Anacleto then married Catalina Pino, wi dow of Antonio de Luna, November 20, 1782.” In 1786,while residing in Santa Fe, as a Sergeant of the Presidio, he was suing Mi guel Lucero for property at Tomé that be longed to his wife’s Luna children.” In 1805 he was Alcalde Mayor of Alameda, but by 1815Catalina Pino was a widow once more.” Of their children, two sons are known: Man net and Ignacio, who -married two sisters on the same day, May 16, 1820. Manuel married Maria Vibiana Rael, and Ignacio married Maria Quiteria Rae], daughters of Eusebio Rael and Maria Tomasa Montoya." Manuel Miera y Pacheco, “soldado distin guido” of Santa Fe, widower of Barbara Tor res, and son of Don Bernardo Miera y Pa eheco and Dona Maria Estefania Dominguez de Mendoza, married Maria Josefa Quintana, daughter of Juan Quintana and Paula San ehez, at Santa Cruz, May 24, 1781.” He had been born at Guadalupe del Paso, and gave his age as thirty—six when he enlisted in 1779.“ , Manuel and his first wife had been wed ding sponsors at Laguna in 1774.” Two children by his second wife were: Joaquin and Ignacia_ The boy married Caye tana Montoya in 1824, and the girl married Ramon Trujillo in 1818.3” * >l~‘ =l< -‘l€ * * Don Iosé de Mier was an /llfércz at Guada lupe del Paso in 1694.3‘He had taken part as an officer in Vargas’ staff during the Recon lN TIIE EIGIITEENTII quest of 1693. But he did not esl;il)lisli him self in New l\’lr‘xicn. l'l('('()1‘(l.s'.'|l. .lIi:'m~z point to the probability of his having founded the 1, 2, 3. 4. 5, IINAI. t. 10. pl. 2, fr. 4081)-81; IISNM. ltum-run. N.\lU, 1756. Ayvr OulI., Sp. Amen, No. 1134. lhld. mun-raft. Inc. cit. Mil. l‘.'l[l('I‘S. prrnnincnt family of tins nanlc tlicrc, which nnist not be confused with the Miera y Pa checo surname and lamily. 111. Sn. 6. HNM. leg. 10. N0. -13, S. Felipe. '7. NMHR, Vol. III, No. 12, pp. 41-72; lhI«l.. Vul. X, No. 3. p. 188. 8. Huh, Cnslrcnsn. Ar('|I.. 9, Twit. (XML, N0. 297; IISNM, Im‘. cit. 0. M-50. Sin. I":-. 11. All in II, Sta. Fe. ll, Nu. ].‘«".Z!i. ].‘i. llur-45!. Sm. l-':-. 1-1. 1).“. 17812, no number. 153. Sn. Arrh.. 1, NH. 507. JG. lh|d., I, No, .‘1.\‘l; II, Nu, 1.\‘(;ﬂ 17. .\l-.10. Allmq.: DH. 1821!. in All)uq., nu number. 18. .\I-til, Sin. (.‘ru1.; l).\l, 1781, in Stu. Cruz, no number. ]5‘l.'l. IISNM. lU('. (‘IL 1!). M-12, l.:u:unn. «.1 CENTURY '30- "N. 21. IIIIIL, May 2.1. 1818 and 1821. in Sla. Crux, no number. 1131”, NI), 1:’. MINON Iuun Miﬁon (Iecm Mignon) was a French man who landed in Santa Fe in the middle of the century. At the time of his marriage, July 23, 1752, he is referred to as a French man, and his bride, Regina Roybal, as an In dian, the widow of Francisco.‘ She was one of the many non-Pueblo Indian captives reared in the household of Ignacio Roybal at Jaconaf Ignacio donated land in Santa Fe to Mirion in 1775.“ He died on December 20, 1762.‘ His known children were: Santiago, No 1. 181-50, Sta. Fe. vember 12, 1752; Micaela Bautista, May 2. 1754; Maria Josefa, November 2, 1755; Ynez Scbastiana, January 22, 1758; and Juan An tonio, February 27, 1762.“ Juan Antonio Miﬁon of San Isidro Labrador, Rio de Tcsuquc, son of Juan Miﬁon and “La Gavachaf’ both deceased, married Maria de la Luz Quintana, daughter of Juan Quintana and Juana Montoya at Santa Cruz, Septem ber 23, 1785.“ 4. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 5. All in 8. Sta. Fe. 6. M-31, Sm. Cruz; DM, 178.‘). in Sta. Cruz, no number. 2. B-24, S. lld., April 28, 1748. . 3. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 551. M I RABAL JOSE DE MIRABAL, child of Juan Lopez de Mirabal, native of Mexico City and de ceased, came in 1693 with his widowed mo ther, Antonia dc Tordezillas, in the family of Miguel de Figueroa Nunez de Chavez, who was married to José’s sister, Maria de Mira bal. José, born in Mexico City, was then ten years old; he had a white and ruddy com plexion, an aquiline face, large eyes and forehead.‘ It is not known if this family actually reached New Mexico. his wife Bea-triz de Tafoya Altamirano were wedding sponsors in 1734, February 13, and again on September 14, 1738.9‘In most cases he dropped the “Perez” part of the name. He lived in the Santa Clara area during the first half of the century,-" but seems to have moved to Santa Fe by 1758, then to the Rio Abajo, to judge from his connections with the Gonzalez Bas family." Two known sons were: Juan Paulina, born July 3, 1741,”and Illigucl, who lived at San Jose dc las Ilucrtas in 1808." Don Carlos was still alive in 1784.’ * 2.‘: :1: :|< :|: ‘-ii 3i‘ * CARLOS JOSE PEREZ MIRABAL and His place of origin is not known. From his age, full name, and his place of marriage and [231] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES curly rcsidoncc, he seems to have been :1 brother of Fray Joso Perez lVllI'lll)Zll, mission .“.°-‘!“!“ Sp. An-.h., M-29. Sm. Sp. Arch., Sp. Arch., II, No. 54c. Cruz. 1], No. 401; M-3], Sin. Clam, July 29, 1743. 1, Nos. 178, 651. nry of the Rio Arriba Pueblos from 1722 to 1763. l lil-Ill, Stu. Clnrn, B. Soc. 6. 7. Sn. Ar:-h., I, No. 605. Bancroft, SWO, 1784. MIRANDA MATiAS DE MIRANDA was a native of the Mines of Sombrerete, the son of Benito de Miranda and Maria de Aguilar. His first wife was Ynez Ntiﬂez de Ybarra y Braca montes. After coming to New Mexico he married Catalina Duran y Chaves in 1711.‘ The ceremony was performed by Fray An tonio de Miranda, stationed at Albuquerque; hence it seems as though Matias was his bro ther. Several cases are known of some mis s1onary’s brother coming to New Mexico and settling there; it happened in every century, including our own times. Francisco Xavier de Miranda, who sold some land in Atrisco in 1735,? might have been a son of Matias; also a descendant, per haps, was a Jacinta Miranda living in the Rio Abajo‘ in 1771. 1. 2. ‘ 1).“, 1711, No. 1. Sp. Arch., 1, Nos. 321, 601. MOLINA SIMON DE MOLINA first came to New Mexico as a convict in 1677,when he was de scribed as the son of Don Tomas, born in Mexico City at San Juan, of medium height, with a broad face and large eyes and nose. He was sentenced to six years of military service without pay.‘ In 1680he escaped the Indian massacre with the New Mexican peo ple; from Guadalupe del Paso he went to Mexico City to see his family, returning in 1681 to enlist as a soldier. He was then thir ty-three years old, and was described as hav ing a fair complexion and ruddy face, with a scant beard and straight hair.” Simon went back home to Mexico City prior to 1693, and there he joined the colo nists under Velasco. He was described again as the son of Tomas, born in Mexico City at San Juan, forty years old, pockmarked, with large eyes and a rather thick nose. His wife _was Micaela de Medina, daughter of Cristo bal, and born in the same place as her hus band; she was thirty, with an aquiline face and large eyes. They brought three children, all born in Mexico City: Maria Teresa, four, with a dark face, big eyes and a thick nose; Paula Anto nia-, three, who looked like her sister; and Nicolas Francisco, one year old, fair with large eyes.“ Their father’s civilian trade was that of a carpenter.‘ , While building the new Mission at Nambé in 1696, Simon was killed by the rebel In dians at San Cristobal with Fathers Arbizu and Carbonel.“ Poor Simon, twice attracted to New Mexico after his first involuntary trip, and having escaped one Indian massacre in 1680, he was destroyed by another one sixteen years later. B-II, Ill. pp. 317-24. Revolt. I, pp. 1484); II, pp. 71, 134. Sn. Arch., II. No. 54c. IINM. log. 4, pt. 1. PD. 790-5. S-".-5:’-*’.*"f" [232] Old Santa Fe, Vol. III, pp. 332-73. IN TIIE EIGIITEENTH CENTURY I MOLINAR Antonio Molinctr, a native of Sombrerete, thirty-three years old, was a soldier of Santa or, both natives of Sombrerete. On April 6, 1696,he married Josefa de Gongora in Santa Fe.” Fe in 1694.‘ He was the son of Domingo de Molinar, deceased, and Isabel de Montemay 1. 2. . DH. 16!)-l, Nos. 4. 15. lbld., 1606, No. 5. MONDRAGON SEBASTIAN SANCHEZ DE MONDRA— GON, or, DE MONROY, returned with the Vargas Reconquest. A widower in 1693, he got married on December 27; the wedding feast was going on just as the Tanos Indians within the walls of Santa Fe were about to rebel and start Vargas’ famous battle for Santa Fe.‘ The bride's name was a Maria, called “Maria de Mondragon,” widow of Se bastian “Monrroy,” when she died in 1727.2 Iucm Alonso Mondmgén and his wife, Se bastiana Trujillo, or Martin, were living in the Pojoaque area in 1715. He was twenty eight years old.3 In 1719 he said that he was forty-four, a native of New Mexico, and a resident of Santa Cruz.‘ Known children of theirs were: Juana-, bornFebruary 30 (sic), 1711;5Catalina (per . Rlteh COIL. Box 1, No. 25, fl. 109-10. . Bur-48, Stu. Fe. . Sp. Areh., I, No. 740: II, No. 239C. S . 1).“. 1719, No. 1. 5! u u :. U! n E9 N : B-33. Sta. (lruz. . 13-24, S. Ild. mqaswnmmiu haps) mentioned with Juan Alonso in 1719;“ Francisco. Xavier, born September 20, 1721;’ and Salvador, mentioned with his mother, February 2, 1742.“ Very likely another daughter was a Maria de Mondragon, wife of Miguel Carrillo. A relic of the preceding century was old Sebastiana de Mondragén, who returned with the Reconquest to claim property in Santa Fe owned by her father, Juan de Mondragén, prior to the “uprising of the Indians.” Her (grand) daughter was Tomasa Martin Ser rano, wife of Bernardino de Sena, whom she called her son-in-law.” Hence, her daughter, the -mother of Tomasa, was Josefa de la Asencién Gonzalez.” Old Sebastiana died on November 25, 1728, a widow eighty-eight years old.“ 9. Sp. An-h., I, Nos. 289, 826. 10. GENEALOGY: Sehnstlnna de .\lnndrm.:6n, Jnscfa de la Aseneion Gonzalez. Tomnsa Martin Gonzalez (or Serrano). To mas Antonio de Sena. Graclana Prudeneia Sena. Manuel Ribera, Marla Guadalupe Rlbera. Marla Dolores Alarid, Romualdo Roy bal, Nicolasa Roybal. Fr. A. Chavez. . 11. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. MONTANO AlonsoMontana and Maria dela Cruz had a daughter, Maria de las Nieves, who mar ried a Sebastian Luis, native of San Miguel belonged to it, to return with the Reconquest, It is not known if he had any male descend ants to pass on the name. ClGrande, at Santa Fe in 1699.‘ Alonso is the only male member of the old New Mexico Montaﬁo family, if indeed he It >9! * >9! * It * I JUAN ANTONIO MONTANO DE SOTO [233] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES MAYOR and his wife, Isabel Jorge dc Vera, returned with Var_z§:is in 169.‘? and setlletl in Santa Fe; after herl1usband’s death, Isabel moved to the Rio Abajo. His antecedents are told in the preceding century. Twice referred to as a native of Mexico City, he appeared as a witness in three nuptial investigations of 1694.”But he was dead by 1696 when reference was made to his widow, Isabel Jorge de Vera, as a grand-daughter of Captain Antonio Baca of pre—Revolt times.“ She died on November 25, 1736." Three known sons were José, Juan, and Lucas. Three of their daughters, Leonor, Magdalena, and Juana, married three Duran y Chaves brothers, Luis, Antonio, and Nico lés,5 respectively. A fourth, Polonia, became the wife of Salvador de Saritisteban. Iosé Montuﬁo, living in Santa Fe, was twenty years old in 1695.“He married Maria de Cuéllar and went to live in the Rio Abajo, where in 1715 he wounded a man, because of jealousy, at the home of his mother-in-law, then ‘married to Tomas Garcia.’ He was still living in 1734when he and Maria were spon sors for a child of his sister Juana and Nico lés de Chaves.” In 1750 he trespassed on Ala meda Pueblo lands and got a fine imposed by Governor Gachupin.° He is in all proba bility the José Montaﬁo who died a "muerte violenta” at Tomé, June 29, 1756.” His widow was still much alive in 1772 as one of the first settlers of the Rio Puerco country with three of her sons.“ Their children Were: Pedro, who married Paula Gallegos in 1748;” Joaquin, who died at the age ‘of eleven, April 28, 1742;” Juan Bautista, husband of Rosalia Jaramillo; and Bernabé Manuel, who married Eduarda Ytur 16$)-t, Nos. 1!). 25, 20. Sp. Ar('h.. I, No. 411. Bur-2. Albuq. ' .1. GENF.'AL()(}Y: Junnu I\lmitnI‘m: in l\Iaria Antonia ‘:“°’."".”‘ Cl.\'e7.. Mzirtn Manuela Eupzenin (‘h:'i\‘cz. Roinero, D. _v Jose (‘h.’:\'v7 1. Jose Ch.-'i\~e7,II. I-‘nhi:’m (‘.ha\‘i-7.. I-‘r. A. (‘h' ‘ea. In (Ii-rlrmlis I). y (‘h{i\‘c7.. Axzusllna St] .I, I.lu::n'«l:| 'l‘afn,\‘a. Pahln Barn, Tomfis llaca, Nlcannra ”.‘|l'.'l, I-‘ahtan Cl1:'i\‘e'/., I-‘r. A. Ch{i\'(-7.. G. I).\l. 14:95, No. 17. Sp. .-\rc|I.. II. No. 215. 11.2, Aumq.. Feb. 3. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 29. 0. Bur-2, Albuq. “.‘°5‘.*’ [234] the t'ir:»'t.Rio l’11er('o .s(~lt.|(-rr:with their mo ther. Iucm Montcrﬁo, known as “cl Cuate,” was v'er_\'likely .los(~'s twin." He married Juana Gallegos, sister to a Joaquin Ga1lcgos,"' by whom he -had two children: Quiteria, born January 23, 172‘,""and Nicolas.” When their mother died on March 6, 1729,” two months after the girl’s birth, the children must have been reared by the Tomas Garcia family, since both bore this name up to the time of their marriage, but reverted to Montaﬁo af ter that time. Both were married on the same day, August 16, 1734: Nicolas to a Quiteria Romero, and his sister Quiteria: to Andres Martin Serrano.” It seems‘ as though their father married again. Two sons of Juan Montaﬁo and Igna cia Lucero appear in the records, Luis, who married Luisa Jaramillo, January 26, 1745, and José, who married Maria Benavides, Oc tober 20, 1770.3" Lucas Montctﬁo,unlike his brothers, stayed in Santa Fe, where he had married Juana de Anaya Almazdn prior to 1710.“ He died after eleven years of marriage, and his widow married twice after that. In her last will, in 1736, she named her five children by Lucas Montaﬁo: Maria Geronima, Maria Josefa, wife of Manuel Martin, Antonio Urbano, Ma ria. Gertrudis, and Lucas Tadéo." Of the girls, Maria Geronima had -married José Rodriguez in 1729,3~".andMaria Josefa de la Candelaria had married Manuel Martin of Santa Cruz in 1730.’-’*‘ One son, Antonio Urbano, married Juana Maria Ortega, November 31, 1740.‘-”* 11. Sp. Arch.. 1. Nu. N7. DM. 1699. N0. 3, Incomplete. ]h|(l., rieta, or Varela. The latter two were among ‘.2. M-ll, Album. 3. l$ur—2. Alhuq. 1. Sp. Arr-lI., II. No. ‘.209. IIIIIL, Na. 415.1. ti. “-2. Allmq. I7. l).\l. ITIET.In All-nq., nn numhcr. IR. llur-‘.5. .~\Ihuq. 1!|. ,\l—:l. .-\|hm|. ‘Jll. lhld. ‘.31. DH. 1711!, Na. '2. '.."..’.Sp. /\r('lI., I. No. l'..".3ti. 21!. l).\l, 1721). No. 1. ‘.14. lh|d.. 1730. No. 3. ‘.15.M-50. Sin. Fr; See Urhnn. IN THE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY MONTES (Montes de Oca) PEDRO MONTES DE OCA was a native of Zacatecas, twenty-one or twenty-two in 1694.‘He was a soldier at Santa Fe in this same year when, widowed of his first wife, Micaela Garcia, he married Beatriz: Sedillo . de Salazar, herself a new colonist from Som brerete. Pedro gave his parents as Domingo Montes de Oca and Maria de la Concepcion, residing in the Pueblo de Escapusalco.“ Bea triz was dead by 1718 when their daughter, Valentina, married Ramon de Medina.“ Pe dro belonged to the Conquistadora Contra ternity.” 755 =l€ it 216 is Nicolés de Montes and his wife, Nicolasa de Herrem, were in the earlier Velaseo list of 1693,-"but it is not known if they actually reached New Mexico. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1).“, Ififl-1. Nos. 4, 10. 13'). lhiIl., N0. 13. ll;ld.. 1718. N0. 1. OLC, p. 72. B.‘\'.\l, leg. 4. pt. 1. PD. 790-5. ’ MONTES VIGIL (See Vigil) MONTIEL José de Montiél, thirty-eight, was at Guad alupe del Paso in 1705.‘ He was a native of Talpujagua and related to Juan de Alderete.“ 1. 2. D31. ]7ﬂ>5, No. 8; 1710. No. 8. lbldur 1631. Pin. 4: 1603. No. ‘L MONTOYA o ANTONIO MONTOYA and his wife, Ma-ria Hurtado,were witnesses for the wedding of AndresHurtado (her brother) and Antonia Dominguez at Guadalupe del Paso in 1689.‘ Theyreturned home with Vargas four years later with a large increase over the three children of 1630. In 1707, by then a Captain, Antoniogave his age as sixty, and sixty-six in 1715.2In 1716 he took part in the Moqui Campaignwith the Santa Fe Militia." A 1704 suit shows that his father had owned land in Santa Fe before the Rebellion." Antonio died before 1725, the year his widow made her last will. He had been miayordoimo, in Vargas’ name, of the Ceniraternity Conquistadora in 1696.“ of La In her last testament, Maria Hurtado de clared that she and Antonio had been mar ried for forty-six years, and then named their children: Juan Antonio, Andres, An gela, Juana, Antonia, Nicolasa, Antonio, Mmmela, Tomnsa, and llrteria. She also men tioned a grandson, Miguel Ortiz" She died on March 22, 1726, and was buried in the Con quistadora Chapel of Santa Fe.’ 01' these children, Andres married Antonia Lucero, and then Maria Sisneros; Antonio is very likely the man of this name whose [235] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES young wife, Catalina de Ribera, died early in June, 1727.“ Of the girls, Juana married Francisco Palomino Rcndon in 1693," and then Juan Manuel Chirinos in 1710; and Ma ria became the wife of Miguel de la Vega y who married Bernarda Baca; Isabel, wife of Miguel de San Juan; and another girl, name not known, who was the second wife of Bal tasar Romero. ' Coca in 1699.” Salvador Montoya married Manuela Garcia Andres Montoya, son of Antonio and Maria Hurtado, lived in Santa Fe until his death, where he acquired considerable property.“ He also was Alcalde Mayor of the three north Queres Pueblos in 1731-32.” He appears to be the man who furnished the vigas and other lumber for the Santa Fe parish church in 1714 and the chapel of San Miguel in 1710.” Andres made his last will in 1740. After giving the names of his parents, he declared that he had ten children by his first wife, Antonia Lucero de Godoy, and none by the second, Maria Sisneros. These children were: Josefa, wife of José Santisteban; Manuela, late wife of Joaquin Sanchez; Andrés, married to Ana Baca; Isi dro, husband of Manuela Silva; José, mar ried to Juana Quintana; Francisco, husband of Juana Baca; Antonio, husband of Ynez Baca; Cristobal (dead); Nicolcis and Diego, both single.“ Of the children just mentioned, Josefa had first married Manuel Silva in 1717, and then Santisteban in 1720;Francisco married Juana Baca, on June 14, 1733.” Captain Andrés Montoya died on August 31, 1740; his first wife had died on December 6, 1736.1‘ DIEGO MONTOYA went to live in the In dian-occupied city of Santa Fe as soon as the colonists arrived there in 1693.But, warned beforehand of the impending rebellion, De cember 27, he left to join the others in the camp outside the walls." Two or three years later he moved down to Bernalillo with other old settlers who preferred the Rio Abajo. Diego and his wife, Josefa dc Hinojos, had at least five children: Salvador, who married Manuela Garcia de la Riva;‘“ Juana, first wife of Pedro Duran y Chaves;"’ Antonio, [236] dc la Riva in Bernalillo on April 25, 1700,” where he had gone to live with his parents ' after the Reconquest, and in 1715 he was a Regent of the “Kingdom.”“ He was a mem ber of the Confraternity of La Conquista dora.” He made his last will in 1727, while resid ing in Santa Fe as “Regidor:” After naming his parents and his wife, he declared the fol lowing three sons and two daughters as his children: José Francisco, Miguel, José Man uel, Francisca-, and Josefa.“ Of the sons, José (Francisco) was born on July 30, 1701,and was living in Valle de San Buenaventura in Nueva Vizeaya as late as 1733.“ Miguel married Rosa Baca in 1729, and then Lucia de Chavez in 1734.” One of the girls, Josefa, became the wife of José Antonio Benavides.“ Antonio Montoya, brother of Salvador, married Bernarda Baca, May 20, 1707.“ In 1731he was the Captain in charge of the dis tribution of alms from church titles, and of the sheep of the church used for relief of the needy.” The following year he was Alcalde of Santa Fe, on January 22, 1736, at the age of forty.” Antonio also belonged to the Con quistadora Confraternity.“ The known children by Bernarda Baca were: Maria Francisca, born September 15, 1708; Juan Manuel, May 11, 1710; Miguel, Oc tober 8, 17ll;" and Bernardo Baltasar, men tioned with his two brothers as grantees of the Old Pueblo of Abiquiu in 1741.“ Antonio married again, this time a widow, Jacinta Peldez, in 1736.“ He then bought property in Santa Fe,“ but by 1745 he was living at Santa Rosa de Lima, Abiquiu, as a stockman and farmer, being then fifty-five years of age.“ There he died on August 8, 1745.“ A 44/3 z.m:: 4,/..»/.4.-m,,g ,,,’¢Z{¢,%,,,,,.,«; M4 /avg/Tlgfx-1.4,’./J az/5:!/xlzz/K: };»?.//xirzz/<I4 ‘:7-”"-,5 ‘V/-’—Zv€”“' ’-’;”7 5,‘ ’”‘_4*72'/ ll‘//L7 . I °V; M/374V1z_~ﬂ c.v.: I‘/C”; . ,1/3,‘ /22¢/Zf.y,-:,(/1'-(éf)¢2 nil 0/%L// («'4 /plézrfzzy z,lJ.ﬁi c/5/' c./.7:/rm»%]‘{;;12,\J /nigﬂzuy //'?Z,Z1' /’.-. L.’/X5‘/I//V7)/r21t.«.-I /72¢/Rh» 1Mum» Am. / "7’é/9x£;!£afﬂ%I.(.,‘¢(zzz «/lzffér/nzv V./f/%é;‘”“5_«("%z;. //Q/lC - azmﬂg‘/g:~1/ & %:‘,(149’ £311: /7&'/ 111$‘ 5 .//(/75; gﬁié, ,;&/Z/oz9‘ /V . 1:117”;/7 if Av/1,» /x d \‘'’/3/ . , 47 1» - ' ///,/I5'5,/p‘p;g%1q ~ I _ , /,7/7 41 {AK ﬂn ::.{:/4:4; v'/ 7 VI‘/R1 ‘ 2 K-&’ h .9/az/lg/aC; _z2.<ir:;/’/% 4.411;} /7? 5’: 6/ z/{‘z<./?z/2'.-_‘ M413 , .1,//(/"19: Sample page of Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Vol. II, No. 179, dated September 16, 1712. Signatures of Lt. Gov. Juan Péez Hur tado, inaugurating the Santa Fe Fiesta, with Council Members: Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, Don Felix Martinez, Salvador Montoya, Miguel de Dios Sandoval Martinez, Lorenzo Madrid, Antonio Mon toya, Juan Garcia de la Riva, and Francisco Lorenzo de Casados. V?) ORIGINS OI" Nl'lW Ml"..\'l(,‘O l"/\|\’llLIF.S l"l*}l.|l’l*I l\/|()N'l‘()Y/\ and his wife 1l’lui'i.(Ldo Pa1‘ed.csalso came to Bernalillo alter the Re conqucst lmttles were over, 'J‘hcre two known children of theirs were married: Ma ria became the wife of Cristobal Martin of Santa Cruz in 1699, and Clemente married l).\l. ‘lliﬁfl, No. ‘.3. Ih|1l., ITU7, NH. 2; 171:"), NH. 0. .lo.-4<-l'.'i(Iv ll(‘l'l‘(‘l'.'l September (‘.h:'i\'(-2, l\l.'ll‘l.‘l Isnhel ’l'orrcs, .lo.\'(- (‘li:i\‘c7., l-Iugcnio Cl1;'i\‘cz. 230. B-11!, Horn. Bur-48, Stu. Fe. llild. .. GENEALOGY: Juana Montoya. Marla Eslela Palomino Rendon. Antonio Ribera. l\lanucl Ribera, Marla Guadalupe Ri oera,A.Maria Dolores Alarid, Romualdo Roybal, Nicolasa Roybal, Fr. Chavez. awdeaeeue 10. GENEALOGY: Marin Montoya. Feliciana de la Vega y Coca, Joscfa Bustamanle, Josefa Ortiz Buslamante. Jose Maria Alarl,Fr.Marla Dolores Alarirl. llomualdo Roybal, Nieolasa Roy bal, A. Chavez. 11. Sn. Al‘(‘|I., 1, Nos. 511, 526, 836, 837. 8-10. 12. Bancroft, N.\l(), 17132; Crespo, par. 255. 13. OLC. pp. 30, 72, 74-5; Kubler, p. 19. 14. Sn. Arr|I., I. No. 526. 15. l\l-50. Sin. Fe. 16. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 17. Rlteli Cnll., Box 1. No. 25. ff. 108-10. 18. GENEALOGY: Salvador .\lont0_\'xI.,Miguel Montoya. Bar bara Montoya. Marla Manuela Lucero, Tomas Baca, Nieanora Baca, Fabian Chzivez, Fr. A. Chavez. 19. GENEALOGY: Juana Montoya, Diego Antonio Chavez. zit S.'inl.'i C1'u'/., parents were (leml in this latter year.” Clemente Montoya made his last will in 1753,in which he lists his seventeen children by two wives.“ l\l.'irl:1 Gu:ul:ilupe Sn. Arcl|., 11. No. 250. lh|(l.. I. No. 481. 01.0. mi. 8. 64-5, 71-5. Sp. An-h., I. No. -105. (l.u_j;'in) 1.‘), l7lll.-"" Their Armijo, l\l:1rla C|i."i\'i-7., I-‘al)i.’1n Chavez, Rita Fr. A. ‘.31. 1).“. 170, No. 6; 1707, No. 7: 1715, No. 8. ‘.12. OLC, p. 70. 23. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 512. 2-1. I!-13, BI~rn.; Sp. An-h., I, No. 517. 25. “-3. Alhuq. ‘.26. Sp. ArelI., I, No. 569. 27. 1!-13, Born. 28. Tl. 30. 31. Crespo. pars. 277-7. Bancroft, 1\'.\l(), 1732. lmr--I8, Sta. Fe. one, p. 70. .'l'.Z.All in I!-13. Bern. I .'l.‘l. Sn. An-h.. I. No. :c 7 3!. M-3. Alhuq. 35. Sp. Ari-h., I, N0. 1M E‘ 36. Bancroft. N310. 1745. 37. Bur-33. Sta. Cruz. 38. DM, 1701. No. 3. 3.‘). This is the only known link with the Parcdes family of the seventeenth century; anyone connecting: with Maria. or Cle nu-nte would have good reason for claiming possible descent from llernan Cortes, Conqueror of Mexico. 40. Sp. Arc-h., I. No. 49-1. MORA This name is hard to pin down, due to the fact that it is combined with several double surnames, and also for lack of early docu mentary evidence. A family of this name would have to be traced back, step by step, to arrive at any of the following sources. Juan de la Mora was a native of Guadala jara serving as a soldier in Santa Fe in 1697, when he married Maria de la Encarnacién, a native of Santa Fe of unknown parentage. He was twenty-seven years old, and she was thirty.‘ ’ Antonio de Mora and his wife, not named, were in the early Velasco list of new colo deserters from the new colony on the way to Santa Fe.” He was a native of La Villa de Zamora, and twenty-nine years old in 1694.“ In 1696, and even in 1708, he declared his age as “forty,” and said that he was a settler of Santa Fe.“ He also appeared as a civil wit ness in 1696, and sold some lands at Santa Cruz in 1702.“ He might have been the Francisco Guer rero de la Mora, married to Maria Luisa de Solorga (Senorga?), whose daughter Fran cisca married Joaquin Sanchez at Albuquer que in 1725.7The wife seems to be the Luisa de Senorga who came in 1693 as the Wife of Diego de Salas,‘ a man who was later tried for bigamy. nists in 1693.’-’But it is not known if they ac tually came to New Mexico. It * 41 * 15: Alejandro Mora was godfather for a child II! II‘ * . Francisco de la Mora was one of the three [238] on September 21, 1728." He could have been a son of the preceding couple. In 1751he was tried for beating his wife.” IN Juan de la Mora Pineda (Sec Pincda) could have c0nt.ril)11t(‘dto this family name through some of his dcscendants,ifor the Pineda name did not last: likewise, Iucxn Garcia de la Mora (q.v.). In 1753, a Captain at Santa Cruz del Ojo Caliente, in Rio Arriba, was referred to as “Manuel Dias del Castillo, alias Mo7‘a.”“ '1‘ ll 1'} 1') I (I ll '1‘ I". I“. N '1‘ II C I‘) N '1‘ U It Y Among the l"r<'nclnnen who came to New Mexico in 171%},there was :1 Louis Morin, or Moreau.” This man stayed in Santa Fe where, on October 12, 1740, as Luis Maria Mora, Frenchman, he married Juana Muﬁiz.” It is not known if they had children to per petuate his name in the hispanicized form the Padre used in recording the marriage. D31. 1697, No. 4. BNM. leg. 4, pt. 1, pp. 830-4. Crusaders, p. 148. In“. 1694, No. 21. lhld., 1696, No. 6; 1708. No. 2. .“.°”f~":’-“§*’!‘-"E" Sn. Arc-h., 1, Nos. 2, 292. DM, 1725, No. 5. 11. lhld.. I. NO. 54-1. 12. NMHR, Vol. XVI, No. 3, p. 262; Colorado Magazine, XVI. No. 5. PD. 167-8. Vol. 13. M-50, Stu. Fe. M O RAGA Felipe Moraga, brother of Antonia Moraga, the wife of Cristobal Martin, was the only male member of this family to return in 1693.He was involved in a hexing affair with San Juan Indians in 1703. By 1711 he had ‘‘left the kingdom?” 1. AGN, M(‘x., Inq., t. 735, If. 306-8; Sp. Arch., I, No. 490. MORAN Miguel Morérnreturned to his native Santa Fe in 1693 with his wife, Celestina de la-Cruz. He gave his age as thirty in 1692 and 1694.‘ He was dead by 1728 when his son, Antonio, married Juana Dorotea de Sila, of unknown parentage.’ Another son, Nicolds, Widowed of Micaela Geronima de la Cruz, married Bernarda Varela, May 6, 1743.3Another son could have been a Juan Mordn, whose wife, Micaela Cadena, died on May 2, 1735.‘ Their mother, Celestina, died in June or July 1737:‘ 1).“, 1602, No. 4; 1691, No. '29. ll;Id., 1728, No. 5. 31-50. Sta. Fe. 5-":“P’*°!" Bur-48, Sta. Fe. lhld. MORENO Iuun Iosé Moreno was a native of Spain, and forty-two years old in 1745; he had been living in Santa Fe as early as 1732.‘ In 1756 he made his last will, in which he named his childless wife, Juana Roybal, and an adopted daughter, Antonia, Dominga.” He was a char ter officer of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Light.” The girl belonged to the numerous family of Juana Roybal’s brother, Mateo, and later became the wife of Juan Antonio Alari. 1. llnnrrnﬂ, N.\l(). 1731.7and 1745. ‘.2. Sn. Arch., 3. N.\lllR. 1. No. 552. Vol. X. No. 3, p. 187. [239] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES MORQUECHO Vicente Morquecho was a native of Guicha— pa, Valley of Mexico, and forty—seven years old in 1790, then living in Santa Fe with his (second) wife, Rosalia Torres, thirty-one years of age. They had two daughters, nine teen and seven years old.‘ He was thirty—one when he enlisted in 1776, and gave his par onts as Cristobal Morquccho and Ana Maria Gutierrez.’-' , His first wife had been Agustina Rodri guez. A daughter, Maria, was born to them at Chama on April 23, 1770,“and was very like ly the nineteen-year-old girl mentioned be fore. 1. Sn. Arch., II. No. 1096a. 2. HSN.\l, Mil. Papers. 3. B-31. Stu. Clnrn. MOYA ANTONIO DE MOYA was a -mason by trade who joined the colonists of 1693 with his wife, Francisca Antonia Morales, or de Guijosa. He was a native of Mexico City, born at Santa Teresa, the son of Juan, and twenty-one years old. He had a broad face, large eyes and forehead, and a rather wide nose. His wife, seventeen, the daughter of Juan, and born in Mexico City at Las Escale rillas, had a round face and big eyes.‘ By 1715 Antonio was dead and his widow was married to Andres de la Paz? Francisca herself passed away on April 20, 1752,“more than eighty years old.”” Their children were: Pedro Antonio, Lucas Miguel, and Maria Francisca, the eldest, For she had been born on the way from Mexico City at the Presidio del Gallo; in 1709 she married Juan Esteban de Apodaca in Santa Fe.‘ Pedro Antonio Moya and his sister Fran cisca were sponsors for Indians at Taos in July, 1715. There he died, leaving a widow, Ana Maria Dominguez, December 8, 1716.“ Lucas Miguel Moya became the third hus band of Juana Anaya Almazdn, and in five years of married life had two children by her: Lucas de Jesus and Pedro Antonio.’ She died on November 17, 1736.“ Lucas was a charter officer of Our Lady of Light.“ 1. BNM. leg. 4, pt. 1. pp. 790-5; Sp. Arrh.. II. No. 5-lc. 2. [Inch (‘.nIl., Box 2, No. 54; Sp. Arrh., 1, Nos. 9, 309. 3. Bur--18. Stu. F0. 4. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 514; 1).“, 1709. No. 5. 5. I!-45, Taos. lhId.. Bur. Scc. I“.°°.'*‘F‘ Hp. Arrh., I. No. 1226. Bur-«I8. Sin. Ft‘. Nmm, Vol. X. No. 3, p. 188. ' I MUNIZ ANTONIO MUNIZ was a native of Zelaya in New Spain. As a twenty-seven-year—old soldier of Santa Cruz, he married Angela de _Olivas,twenty, a native of Sombrcretc. His [ 240 ] parents were Lorenzo Muﬁiz and Ana Maria de la Cruz, both deceased.‘ He appeared as a witness on two occasions.’ A daughter, Gertrudis, married Antonio IN TIIE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY Vzisquczin 1714, when both her parents were mentioned as dead,“ and after his (l(‘(ll.l1she married Francisco Dias Blea in 1722." 1, I)“. 1095, Ni). 2. 2. Ibld., 1694. No. 3: 1698. No. 7. 3, lbld., 1714, No. 11. losé Muﬁiz and his wife, not named, are en tered in the other Velusco list," but it is not known if they arrived in New Mexico. 4. ll)ld., 1722. N0. 1. E. IINM, leg. 4, pt. 1, PD. 8304. NARANJO DOMINGO NARANJO was an Indian of New Spain who cast his lot with the Taos Indians when the Pueblos rebelled against the Spanish colony in 1680. He seems to have died by the time Vargas’ Expedition ca-me to Taos in 1696. But a son of his, José Lépez Na mnjo, “lobe de Yndio mulato,” had joined the Spaniards.‘ Iosé Lépez Naranjo, it appears, had joined the forces of Vargas before 1696, possibly when the First Expedition visited the Pueb 10Sin 1692. For he appeared as a marriage witness for some Tiguas at Guadalupe del Paso in that year, when he gave his age as twenty-two? During the Indian uprising of 1696,he was referred to as a Spaniard by Roque de Madrid, when Naranjo was ren dering valuable services to Vargas through his Indian contacts? In 1702 he was Alcalde Mayor of Zuni, and very hopeful about paci fying the Moqui Pueblos.‘ He was Captain of thirty Indian scouts in the Sandia Apache campaign, when Vargas died, in 1704.5 In 1715he commanded the Pueblo Indian forces in the Navajo campaign of that year.“ He left his name on Inscription Rock during one of his Zuni and Moqui excursions.“ José married a bastard daughter of a Ma tias Lujan of Santa Cruz.’ He acquired lands across the Rio del Norte from Santa Cruz, south of those owned by an Antonio Salazar.“ One known son of his was José Antonio. losé Antonio Naranjo married Juana Mar quez dc Ayala-. They had a son, José /lntonio, whomarried Manuela Armenta, and a daugh ter, Catalina, who was the wife of Salvador de Torres.” Most likely another son was Ge ronimo Naranjo, who married Maria Trujil lo, February 2, 1743,with Salvador de Torres and Catalina Naranjo as sponsors.” And pos sibly another son was Matias Naranjo, living in the same district with his wife Maria Va rela, who bore him two children: José Joa quin, March 28, 1741, and Gabriela, March 25, 1743.“ In 1731, Naranjo killed a -man and “fled the Kingdom.”““ José Antonio Naranjo II, son of José Antonio Naranjo and Juana Marquez de Ayala, mar ried Manuela Armenta, daughter of Antonio Armenta and Juana Abeytia, on September 4, 1749.” His military career had taken him to the Capital; two years previously he had asked for the title of “Capitdn de Gente de Guerra” in Santa Fe, which was granted.” He made the most of it, and this did not set tle well among the officials and people. In 1759they charged that Naranjo’s title was as a Captain for Indian troops only, and that he had acquired it by representing himself to the Viceroy as a descendant of Spanish Con quistadores, whereas his great-grandfather was none other than the Indian Domingo Na ranjo who had apostatized in 1680;his grand father, José Lopez Naranjo, had been of great help to the Spaniards as a Captain, but a Captain of Indians only. Some citizens, who took Naranjo’s part in this controversy, were from the Chimayo district.‘ In 1766 Governor Gachupin reviewed Na ranjo's rustling activities in Guadalupe del [2413 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Paso as well as New Mexico proper, and Other rccorrlerl uclivil.i(‘s of Naranjo are :1 called him to Santa F0 from 'l‘.'m::."'/\.s :1 re l‘(‘.'1l(‘.\'l(ll(‘ <l(~:1lwith sult, the Viceroy ordered Naranjo’s title re voked in 1767, as well as his arrest for sedi tion two years later, at which time the Vice roy also discussed the matter of founding a trial in 1756 for mistreating his Armenta wife, and still other charges for assault in Dieggo do 'l‘orres in 1752, 1758." settlements for the restless gen2',:aros.""I-lere, no doubt, were the first stirrings of the San ta Cruz—Chimayoinsurrections of the follow ing century. 10. M-31, Stu. Clara. 11. ll)ld., B. Sec. 11a. Sp. Arch., II. No. 363. 11!. 31-50. sm. Fe. 1.'!. Sn. Arrh., II. No. 478. AGN, TI:-rms: Clvll, t. 426, ft. 72-84. DM. 1692. N0. 3. Old Santa Fe, Vol. III, pp. 332-73. Bancroft. NMO. 1701; Crusaders. p. 348. Sn. AroII.,II, No. Bancroft, NMO. 17153. '1. Mesa, Canyon, etc.. 1). 474. AGN. Inc. cit. .‘°.°°.“E”S“S“:“?’!~"!“ A Diego Naranjo, thirty years old, was in Santa Fe in 1698.” He was, perhaps, a bro ther of Jose Lopez Naranjo. 14. AGN, lm‘. (‘IL 15. I|)l(l.. ft. 8.‘)-8. SH. 16. Sp. Ar('h., II, Nos. 613, 651. 2580. 17. lbld., I. No. 643; II, Nos. 535, 923. mtrh Cnll., Box 2, No. 52. Sp. Arch., I. No. 643. 18. D31, 1698, No. 16. NAVARRC) Antonio Navarro and his wife, Antonia Gonzalez de Vargas, were both dead in 1696, when their sixteen-year—old daughter, Maria de Guadalupe, married Juan Manuel Chiri nos. She had been born in Mexico City} * * * * * * * Iuan Martin Navarro was the son of Jacinto de Quesada and Micaela de Quintanilla, all native of San Felipe de Jesus on the Rio de Conchos. He married Maria Garcia de Nor iega at Ysleta del Paso in 1704.‘ * Blas Navarro and his wife, Matiana Gomez, had a daughter, Juana de Torres, twenty—one, born in Leon, who married Felix de Aragon Iosé Navarro and Antonia Archuleta had a daughter, Rosa, who married Cristobal Du ran at Socorro del Paso in 1719.5 1).“, 1696, No. 8. in Santa Fe, in 1694.2 lhlrl.. A Luisa Navarro received mention in pass ing, in 1704, in Santa Fe? AASF, No. 15. I).\l. 1704, No. 3. lbld.. 1719. N0. 5. ' $"‘:“F'°¥""“ 1G9-1. N0. 22. NIETO CRISTOBAL NIETO returned to Santa Fe with the Reconquest with his wife, Petrona Pacheco, and their family. He received a grant of land on August 5, 1697.‘ Petrona, widow of Cristobal Nieto, died on May 18, came the wife of Salvador Olguin. Nothing is known so far of the other two legitimate children, and the three others which Petrona had during her twelve—yearcaptivity among the Indians. 1750.“ Of their known children, Maria Magdalena married Francisco de Tapia, and Lucia be [242] Simon Nieto, perhaps a son of Cristobal, IN THE EIGIITEENTH was a soldier of Santa Fe in 170().‘'Still sol diering in 1728, he had lost his wife, Fran ]. Sp. Arch., CENTURY eisea M(ir.ns‘e,(l(lU_({i]l(PI‘ of Luis l\/iaese. Simon sold some hind in Santa Fe in li1£1i._yL‘(ll‘." 1, No. (338. 2. nur-48. Stu. I-‘e. 3. Sn. Ari-h., I. N0. 630. 4. lbl(l., NO. 6112. NOANEZ Iuan Antonio de Unanue was in Santa Fe as early as 1731, apparently as a government clerk.‘ He and his wife, Maria Francisca Gar cia had a son, Juan Cayetano. Felipe de Unanue appears as an official witness in 1746.”In 1747 he and Polonia Baca were sponsors for the marriage of Juan Bau tista Duran and Barbara Baca.“ Polonia mar ried Clemente Gutiérrez in 1755, but she might have been married previously to Unanue. Were these two men brothers, or father and son? Juan Cayetano Unanue, son of Juan Anto nio Unanue and Maria Francisca Garcia, was twenty-three when he enlisted in 1757.“ He and his wife, Ana Maria Garduno, were liv ing in Santa Fe where these three sons were born: Jose’ Miguel, June 5, 1760; Juan Anto nio, March 6, 1762; and Francisco Geronimo, September 17, 1770." Juan Cayetano bought a house in Santa Fe in 1766.5 1. Bancroft, 517. 357. The family still resided in Santa Fe in 1790. Juan Cayetano was fifty-eight years old, and a farmer. Ana Maria was fifty—one. With them lived a son, twenty (Francisco Geronimo)!’ Iosé Miguel Unanue, the eldest son, and thirty—one in '1790, was married to Andrea Candelaria, twenty-eight. They had two sons, five and three years of age, and a girl, seven.’ Francisco Geronimo, the youngest, married Barbara Maese. In 1821,their son, José Guad alupe NUANES went to Albuquerque and married Antonia Garcia, daughter of Juan Garcia and Isabel Romerof‘ A Felipe Nocmes married Manuela Montana in Albuquerque, April 5, 1832." Here, and throughout the following cen tury, may be seen the evolution of “Unanue” to the present “Nocinez” and “Nudnez.” NMO, 1731: Sp. Arch., I. Nos. 236, 316, 515. 2. Sp. Arch., 1, Nos. 213, 340. 3. M—11, Isl:-tn. July 6. 3:1.HSNM, Mil. Papers. S5?°:".5’$“:-'> All in 1!. Sta. Sp. Arch., I. lh|d., II, No. “Nil. 1).“, 1821, in M-5, Albuq. Fe. No. 1023. 1006a. A|buq., no number. NUNEZ __j_.~...___}_}_,____f—_ TOMAS NUNEZ DE HARO was living at Yslelzi del l’:1:<oin 1684 with some of the New Mexico exiles. His wife was Juana Duran, daughter of Nicolzis Duran.‘ His own parents were Alonso Nunez and Francisca Garcia, and he had been born in Zaeaiecns. He next mzirrieil :1 (.‘<*r¢3ni.nz.nI,<3p¢': and with her came up to New Mexico at the time of the Reconquest; she died in Santa Fe, and four teen months later, at Santa Cruz, he married [243] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMTLIES another (and younger) Juana Dm'(in.,April 6, 1697.She was twenty, thedzu1glit(‘rol'Sal vador Duran and Ana Marquez.’-’ Tomas was “sixty” in 1729 and 1731, and still residing in Santa Cruz.” He also be longed to the Conquistadora Confraternity." 3: * 7|: * fl! * :!= * JOSE NUNEZ came with the new colonists of 1693. He was twenty-two, the son of Ni colas, and born in Mexico City. He had a round face and a mole on the chin. With him came his twelve-your-old nez.° 1. AGN. Prov. Int., L 37, pp. 100-4. 4. 3. lbld.. 1729, No. 2; 1731, no number; Crespo, par. 229. 6. 2. D31, 1697. No. 1. wife, GcrL1'udi.a'(ltr la. Candclaria He7‘rera, the daughter of To mas, and a native of Zclaya; she was dark and pockmarked, with large eyes. José was a tailor by trade.-" Jose was killed on the way from Zacateeas to New Mexico, when a wagon fell on him at a place called “Las Cruees.” Gertrudis then married Juan de Dios Sandoval Marti 5. OLC, pp. 72-3, 75. Sp. Arrh., II, No. 54c. BNM, leg. 4, pt. 1, pp. 790-5. DM, 1695, No. 1. 0, de la JOSE DE LA 0 was the armorer of the Presidio in Santa Fe who succeeded Martin Yrigoyen at the start of the nineteenth cen tury. Yrigoyen’s wife was Gertrudis de la 0,‘ very likely an elder sister of Jose, His full name was José Santiago, the son of Tiburcio de la 0 and Maria Josefa Herrera. He was born at the Presidio of Guajoquilla in New Vizcaya, and was twenty-four when he sign he had the following children: José Toribio, September 11, 1803; Jose Santiago Mariano, July 26, 1805;”Maria Guadalupe, August 22, 1807; Jose Luis, August 27, 1809; and a sec ond Maria de Guadalupe, May 2, 1812.‘ The second son, Santiago, was twenty—five years old and married when he enlisted in 1832.5 B-66. Castrt-nse, Aug. 8, 1805, Aug. 22, 1807. ed up as armorer in 1805.2 José’s wife was Ana Maria Sena, by whom S":“§~‘!°"‘ IISNM. Militia Papers. These two in B, Sta. Fe. These three in B-G6, Castrense. IlSN.\l, loc. cit. OJEDA Bartolomé de Ojecla was a literate Indian leader of Zia who was very active on the side of the Spaniards and especially the mission aries during the Indian uprising of 1696.1 Antonio de Ojeda, origin unknown, was the husband of Berna-rdina Bernal, of New Mexico, whose daughter, Juana de Ojeda married Nicolas Benavides in 1702.2 1. Old Santa Fe. III. pp. 332-73. 2. DM, 1702, No. 1. OLGUlN JUAN OLGUIN (Holguin), Captain, was the sole survivor of the once prominent L6 pei Holguin family to return to New Mexico with his family; other Olguins remained at [2441 Guadalupe dcl Paso. The son of Salvador Olguin and Magdalena Fresqui, both de ceased, he had lost his first wife, Maria. Lu jdn, at Guadalupe del Paso in 1693. In 1695 IN THE EIGIITEENTI-I CENTURY he married Juana Martin dc Salazar, widow of Francisco do /\])()(lilCl_l,in Szmtu Fe.‘ IIC belonged to the Confraternity of La Conquis tadora.” ‘ Juan had taken part in Vargas’ Expedition of 1692,when he rescued two captive nieces, the daughters of Jose (dc Lcyva) Ncvarcs.” While Alcalde Mayor of San Juan de Jémez, he was killed during the uprising of 1696, as also a son of his, name not given, at San Diego de Jémez. Two Spanish women and another youth also perished; but, according to the testimony of a captured Indian, the two women and two youths were made cap tives instead. Two of Juan’s sons by his first wife were Salvador and Antonio. Salvador Olguin, the son of Captain Juan D31. 1695. No. 8. 01.0, D. 69. .‘’‘:‘‘9’!‘'‘!'‘ Flrst Expedition, 1). 184. Crusaders, p. 251; Old Santa Fe, Vol. III, pp. 332-73. DM, 1705, No. 14. Olguin and Maria Lujfm, both dcccascd, mar ried Lucia. Nicto in 1705.lie was twenty-[our at the time.“ His name is carved on El Morro with those of three other contemporaries.” Anltonio Olguin, son of the same parents as Salvador, married Maria Magdalena Brtto de Leon in 1710.” Tomas Olguin, probably another son, was an officer in the Moqui campaign of 1716.’ Bartolomé Olguin and Maria Romero had a son, Bartolomé, born July 19, 1730, at Chama.3 In 1751 he asked for Picuris lands, but these were not granted.“ Either the fa ther or the son tried in vain to obtain a grant in 1763.” 5a. Mesa, Cnnynn, vt('., p. 474. Ihld.. 1710, No. 11. N.\lIlR, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp. 158-226. B-2'1, 5. Juan. Sp. Arcln, I, N0. 619. 0. lhld... II. No. 576. “‘599°r‘E7‘ 0 LI VAS JUAN BAUTISTA DE OLIVAS (Olivos) was a native of Zacatecas, and forty-eight years old in 1695.‘ His wife was Magdalena Judrez, also a native of Sombrerete. Their daughter, Angela, twenty, married Antonio Muﬁiz in 1695 at Santa Fe? Juana Bautista de Olivas, wife of Santiago Romero of Santa Cruz in 1719,“was most likely another daugh ter. , Iosé Bautista, also testifying at a nuptial in 1. DH. 1695. No. 12. 2. IhI:l.. No. 2. 3. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 742. vestigation in 1695,was twenty-six years old, and a native of Sombrerete.‘ In all likelihood he was a son of Juan. This family was very likely related closely to that of Gertrudis Bautista, a native of Mexico City and daughter of Martin Bautis— ta. With her and her husband, Manuel Palo mino, came her nephew, Bartolomé de Luna Bautz'sta.5 (Perhaps the scribe intended to write “de Oliva Bautz'sta.”) 4. 1).“, 5. Sp. Arch.. II, No. 5-10. IGU7), N0. '20. [245] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO 1-‘AMILIES OLONA MIGUEL DE OLONA was a Spaniard from Aragén who was registered in 1790 with his New Mexico family: his wife, Maria Luz Or tiz,thirty-four, with a twelve-year—olddaugh ter, and a son who was six} His wife was an illegitimate daughter of Rosa Bustamante, by a certain Jose Baca, who had been born on February 16, 1755, less than two months after her mother’s mar riage to José Antonio Ortiz; the latter knew all about it and generously gave her his name. She married Miguel de Olona, on 1. Sp. Arch.. II, No. 1096a. 2. HSNM, Estate of Rosa Bustamante. April 21, 1773, and her origin was forgotten until 1814, when Pedro Bautista Pino used the hidden fact to break the Bustamante will? The»Olona children were: Miguel II, twen ty-eight years old in 1814 and residing in Tome; José de los Reyes, also at Tomé; and Maria Rosa, wife of Manuel Tafoya of Santa Fe.3 The elder Miguel had troubles in 1777with the Padre of Santa Fe regarding the enslave ment of an Indian woman.‘ 3. lhld. 4 Bur-I8. Sta. Fe: note, Dec. 15. ORTEGAJ TIBURCIO DE ORTEGA was secretary of the 1692 Santa Fe Council at Guadalupe del Paso.‘ As late as 1695, two years after the Reconquest, he was still at Guadalupe del Pa-.30acting as notary for the friars? But in 1715 he was back in New Mexico as Alcalde Mayor of Jémez, Zia, and Santa Ana.“ From Vargas’ arrival until 1712 he held the office of “Protector of the Indians” for the Crown; Lieutenant Governor Valverde threw him into prison because of his opposition to In dian slave-labor.‘ (3-erénimocle Ortega married Sebastiana de Jesus, July 9, 1715.5 She was an adopted daughter of Sebastian Gonzalez Bas. Their eleven children are mentioned in the proba tion of her estate in 1744;Antonio, Juana Ma ria, wife of Antonio Urban Montaﬁo, Ger trudis, and Lucia; and seven minors: Francis co, Tomas, Juan Francisco, Antonio José, Felipa, Sebastiana, and Victoria." Geronimo was married a second time, to Rosa dc Archibcquc, when he died in 1750. Three children by her were: Gerénima, Ma‘ ria Antonia, and Maria Guadalupe.’ [246] Mateo de Ortega, twenty, a native of Guad alupe del Paso, of unknown parentage, mar ried Antonia Lujdn, eighteen, in Santa Fe, June 14, 1697.“She once accused a San Juan Indian woman of making her worse through her healing art.” They had a daughter, Mar garita, who married Joaquin de Anaya in 1716. A Mateo Ortega, his son if not himself, was the husband of Maria Rosa Mestas, liv ing in the north country, who had the fol lowing children: Juan Manuel, born Decem ber 28, 1731; José Alejandro, March 21, 1734; and Jua-n, February 11, 1739.” Antonio de Ortega, most likely the eldest son of Geronimo de Ortega, first married Rosa Baca, daughter of Antonio Baca.” They had four children during twenty-nine years of married life, ‘mentioned in his last will in 1785: Domingo, Alejandro, Pctrona, and Cat alina-. Alejandro was the only one living.” Antonio next married Maria Antonia Ro mero. During seventeen years of marriage they had two boys and a girl: José, Maria, and Francisco.” IN 'l‘lllC ’l‘l1ewills of later Ortegas may be found in Sp. /lI'(‘ll., l, Nos. (354, ($59, and (£60. The Or tega wives of l’edro Lope"/. dcl Castillo and Crist<')balVarela, both of Albuquerque, un doubtedly belonged to this old Ortega fam ily, and were possibly daughters of Tiburcio dc Ortega. #7, ' :I x. Ci. Sp. /\n'h.. II. p. 81; First E.\pN||ilnn. p. 2110. lI.\l. ltillf‘), NO. 4. Imm-run. mm. -1715. nN\l. leg. 6, No. 11. 7 A E :1. ._ .N, \u_—,;u1.‘,.r-»—A a. - l'2 I (7 H 'l‘ I‘? I‘) N '1‘ H C E N T U It Y Nicolds do Ortega was a native of Villa de San Felipe, in Nuevu Vi’/.<'a_y.'1, the son of Lo renzo Gomez and l\/[aria lVlarmolejo. lie was twenty-seven in 1696, when he came to San ta Fe and married Juana Garcia, widow of Francisco lIe1'nan(le7.." 8. DH. lliEl7, Ni). 2. El. .\‘|v. .'\|’(’ll., Ill. 11.) 1'. 1 3. ll, NH. ‘.325. All in ll-I6. 1\'umln-. S1). Ar('h., 1, N0. 101: II, No. 403. 1hm., I, No. (561. lhlil. ] J. 1).“. IGTK3.No. 13. ORTIZ NICOLAS ORTIZ and his wife, Dona Ma riana Coronado, joined the new colonists with their family of six in 1693.‘ At Zacatecas, on November 30, he was referred to as a Sar gento with a family of seven,” but the other Velasco list shows him as a civilian colonist, not as a soldier, and with only six children} A girl by the name of Ana, six years old, must have died before the caravan started north from Zacateeas. This was the description of the family: Ni colas Ortiz, forty, son of the same and born in Mexico City, of medium height, with a sharp nose, large eyes, and bald head. His wife was the daughter of Francisco Hernan dez,and born at Jimiquilpa; she was twenty eight, with a broad face and a mole on the cheek. Their six children were: Josefa, four teen,born in Pachuea, having a dark aquiline face, a high forehead, and a sharp nose; Man uela, three, born in Mexico City, with a rud dy aquiline face,’ black eyes, and small nose; Nicolas II, ten years old, born in Mexico City, having a freekled aquiline face, a high forehead, and a broad nose; Antonio, eight, also born in Mexico City, reddish, with a ra ther thick nose and large eyes; Luis, six years of age, born in Mexico City, also red dish, with big eyes and a small flat nose; and Francisco, one year old, a native of Mexico City, white and ruddy, with an aquiline face and large eyes.‘ Sebastiana Ortiz, twenty-seven, wife of Ig nacio de Aragon, was also a daughter of Ni las and a native of Mexico City,‘ hence, in all likelihood, a sister of Nicolas Ortiz, head of the family just described. Nothing more is known about the parents, or about the girls, and very little about the boys, except the junior Nicolas. Antonio Ortiz deeded his Santa Fe house to (brother) Nicolas Ortiz in 1714.“ Luis Ortiz, with Bernardino Fernandez, was sent to Mexico City in 1714,to take a convict ed murderer for final disposition. The pris oner escaped them on the way, and Ortiz re turned with the news and was jailed.’ He and a Nicolas Ortiz went together as soldiers in the Moqui campaign of 1716.9 Francisco (Nicolés) Ortiz was banished with his family to the post of Bernalillo by Gov ernor Cuervo in 1705.” Nicoléts Ortiz II, “Nifio Ladrén de Guevctrcr," used this lengthy name in 1720, when he ap peared as a nuptial witness, being then thir ty-seven years of age.” He used it again in his last will, applying it also to his departed father; here he gave his mother’s name as Maria Ana de Vargas Barba Coronado.“ ln 1702he married Jua-na Baca at Bernalillo on November 12.” They were sponsors at Ber [247} O MIGUEL dﬂ la VEGA y COCA Nicolas Ortiz IGNACIO de ARAGO.'N NICOL/SS MORENO TRUJILLO :..-. SE13/lS'1'I.41NAORTIZ NICOLAS oRTI’z I Mariana Coronado ‘éif-%{Eétt”a.§tin':‘m§i§°" '''*'‘ , MANUEL VALLEJO , =M/W'«1 de AMGON Juanaand Anlomo Baca ""“""'* ANG LA BE*‘”"“D‘”P , dc-'SW 15¥.’,§f:.§‘1EL’t‘3_~:m I L JUANA SILVA Tomasn Marzm Gonzalegmm JOSEdf‘(3aU¥“1I}'_lI‘)1"\;lA Romero _ A 13“ . __ I Diego Antomo Chat-es FRANCIscO Ge""““‘ C"‘“’°’ _ , FETRO.:lL:1 G:=aP.CI.-1 Juan:\".TZ.".l0 Ezta Mo. quadalvtpe Chm: ‘ 1 Luisa Garcia de Noriega. Miguel Lucero 11 I Jose D. dc Armllo Gfﬂrjoflﬂ BHICB JUAN BAUTISTA QUIN-I-ANA Tgdéo Rome,-0 R0” Baa“ AGUSTIN/1 SILVA MME0 R"."b31 Mani: Paula Sdnchez Antonia Chane: Pedro Tafova MARA1Josrr.-1 onriz Manuel Maria Roc'*:'_:-lezdz AL:-_-3 AN’I'ONlO_deSlLVA I I l Grcgorva Ruiz ANTON}.-1dc 1-:sP1.‘.'oLA—m\.Mo’::G4'\F~C:'AJ'.'?.ADO ——'“7—T—¢——’5— 'ro.\m's ANTONIO de SENA , , JOSUC 5‘45‘5"“3"t9- NICOLAS ORTIZ HI JOSE o.a.r.c:‘A JL'R.—\2O Maria de las Hera: Mmum dc QUWTANA | Gt-:n'rRup1s Momma rmmLLo NICOLAS onmz 11 FRANCISCO do rspixom Mao-ta Ruiz de Aguilcra GRACIANA PRUDENCM SI-INA l Anton” “meta Manuela Romero I Jose‘ Mariano Chaves , ' Marla“? ’ R°."bal _ JOSE l\lARfA QUINTANA Lorcm Om: Velnsqtwz lqnumo/lrchulcm I, Manuel Ribem-——-—---—— Isabel Armuo Mariano Torres Ba,.ba,.,,Montoya Jot.-oft: Lnhaclfa Joaé Maria Aluri "'—""r'— Maria Guadalupe Rihera " Manuel Lucero - I) E Maria Rizal Torre: 1059'chaves 1 Pam K .'..' I Juan Manuel Roybal— MARI24 JOSE!-‘A QUINTANA ' Maria Dolores Aiarid — Josc’Chn\'es II Encarnarirjn Luna Deslderlo Roybal R°mU5”d° R°)"b91 — M'3"l'€ﬂ G0"¥d7¢’3 Ni"0’"-*‘ﬂ 3011501 . " Eugenia Chavez — Tomas Bac _/U7»; Ggvr?j','_'. Nicanora B-aca I-‘abi:z’n lchzivez I Fr. Angélico Chzivez --=--.--.=....----.-....SAN'rAr.If—mo ARRIBA _ , , . _ . _ _, =, , , . _. _. _ _. . . _. _. ___ . _ _ ______. _ . ______mom3Mo ____________________. ESPANOLES-MEXICANOS CHART:-=='I‘hcterm “Espaﬁol” was first applied to Spanish people born in the New World; Spaniards born in Spain were designated according to their Province, such as “castellanos, Gallegos, Andaluces, Estre meﬁos," etc. Likewise, the only “Mexicanos” in colonial times were the Nahua (Aztec) Indians native to the Valley of Mexico. Spanish people born or residing in the City or Valley of Mexico were called “EspaﬁoIes-Mexicanos." Those families sent to Vargas in 1693 were handpicked by the Viceroy himself. This diagram shows how six of them (left) contributed to a Santa Fe-Rio Arriba Roybal family, and four (right) to 21Rio Abajo Chavez family. Though two dis tinct groups, they were integrated in the over—allNew Mexico Family through other strains, especially the Bacas. (See BACA Chart.) («#83 IN TIIE EIGIITEENTH CENTURY nalillo for some Apache captives in 1705?.” In I713 he was a Captain of the Santa Fe militia,” but in the 1716 Moqui Campaign he is designated as an ordinary solrlir-1"" (but this Nicolas might have been a younger Ni colas, perhaps the son of Luis Ortiz, with whom he was listed). In this year Nicolas had received permission to go on a trip out side New Mexico.” Nicolas had received a citation for military valor in 1697 from Governor Vargas himself; it stated that he had come from Mexico City to “this Kingdom” as a colonist in 1693,when twelve years old; that in 1696 he had distin guished himself at the battles of the Black Mesa,of the Mountains of Taos and Picuris, during the Ute attack at the San Diego de Jémez Mesa, and also at Chimayé and the Canadaof Santa Clara." Well established in Santa Fe, Nicolas ac quiredmany pieces of property, among them a house directly in front of the Church of St. Francis; he was also involved in some prop erty suits.“ His widow and sons sold their moreimportant site to Governor Codallos in 1746,to clear the space in front of the parish church.” Nicolas made his last will in 1742, naming his parents, his only wife, and their three sons: Francisco, Nicolas III, and To ribio.” Before her marriage to Ortiz, Juana Baca had an illegitimate daughter, Ana Maria‘, whomarried a José Griego;“ he must have diedyoung, for his widow was only twenty six when she died on June 27, 1729.” * * * * * * * * The families of the three sons of Nicolas Ortiz II and Juana‘ Baca are as follows, ac cordingto documentary evidence. FranciscoOrtiz married Francisca Montoya aroundthe year 1730. He was Alcalde of San ta Fe in 1744; in the same year he registered a mine in the Picuris country.” He died on March 11, 1749, and his widow followed on April 8, 1750.24 He ha_dmade his last will shortly before, in whichhe stated that he and Francisca had been married for nineteen years. The ten children named in the will were: .Ir)s/2 (died in infanr-‘v), /hm Ii/1r:-r2'rI_ Nl('()lflS (dirrd when l'oiu'),1,.I1,i.';['7'/'umz([o (tlltftl when two), Santiago, Juana Manuela, José Miguel, Nicolas Francisco, Antonia Teresa, and Maria de Lorcto.“ Nicolc'IsOrtiz III married Gertrudis Pciez Hurtado, daughter of the Lieutenant Gen eral, Juan Paez Hurtado, on May 28, 1730.” She died after twenty years of married life on April 12, 1750, when Nicolas was the Ten iente of the Santa Fe Presidio.“ They had five children,” whose marriages were as fol lows: Antonio José, born September 6, 1734,who married Rosa Bustamante, December 31, 1754;‘-”‘ Juan Antonio, who married Maria Lo reto Ribera;-"“ and Teodora, wife of Nicolas Rael de Aguilar.“ The two others were Gas par, who married Josefa Martin, October 23, 1765, and then Dolores Alarid, November 27, 1810;" and Tomas, who married Maria Rosa de los Reyes Martin at the same ceremony in Santa Clara in 1765 (two brothers marrying two sisters). The last two are mentioned as their sons when they enlisted as soldiers in 1771 and 1779.“ Nicolas III married a second time, ten months after Gertrudis died. He gave the full “Ortiz Niﬁo Ladrén de Guevara” name, February 6. 1751, when he married Dona Jo sefa Bustamante, adopted daughter of Don Bernardo Antonio de Bustamante y Tagles“ Josefa and Rosa Bustamante (the latter mar ried Nicolas’ eldest son) were otherwise con sidered full sisters and actual daughters of Don Bernardo.“ In 1769,Captain Nicolas was killed by savage Indians during a campaign, and was buried in Santa Fe on September 4, 1769.“ In memory of his death, and to obtain divine aid during the Cumanche menace of the times, his widow, Dona Josefa, was in strumental in re—establishing the fiesta and Confraternity of La Conquistadora.“" Josefa also donated vestments to the mili tary chapel of Our Lady of Light, as well as paintings and other gifts to the church at [249] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Pojoaque.“ She sold her Santa Fe property to Antonio Jose Ortiz, her bi-other-in-l;1w and Manuel Ortiz was 21conteinporary of the three sons of Nieol;'i:.'Orti’/. ll, and therefore, step—son, in 1789,“ and eventually most likely, his nephew, the son of Antonio, Luis, or Francisco, about whose lives so lit tle is known. Manuel married Marcelina de la-Vega y Coca, on November 6, 1735.” Their known children were as follows: Mateo Mauricio, born September 6, 1750;” Manuel José, May 11, 1748; Manuel Antonio, December 28, 1749; Ana Maria Monica, May 13, 1752; and Salvador Manuel, April 14, lost her Pojoaque estate to him for not being able to meet a loan,” so that by 1790 she was de pending on a small insurance from the “Monte Pio" of the Presidio.‘“' The known children of Nicolas Ortiz III and Josefa Bustamante were: Ana Maria Fe liciana, born August 18, 1761,“ who married José Campos Redondo; Maria Josefa de Je sus, December 18, 1762,” who married Man uel Alari; Feliciana Maria Joaquina, August 1, 1765; and José Vicente, April 5, 1767.” This boy enlisted as a soldier in the Santa Fe Pre sidio in 1779.4“ Toribio Ortiz married Leona-Tcladc la Vega y Coca on June 14, 1735.“ In 1758 he was af ter part of the Cienega grant which had be longed to his late father-in-law, Miguel de la Vega y Coca.“ His known children were: Maria Isidora, born April 6, 1750; Maria- Barbara, December 8, 1751; Maria Josefa, April 5, 1753; Maria Gertrudis, December 16, 1754; Maria Guada lupe, October 27, 1757; Jose Antonio, March 12, 1759;” and Antonio Matias, who ran away and perished with the demented José Reaﬁo, husband of his first cousin, Ana Maria Or tiz.“ Toribio was mayordomo of the Conquista dora Confraternity in 1774, and was also a charter officer of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Light.“ EN“, leg. 4. pt. 1, pp. 814-16. Ihid., pp. 830-4. Sp. An-h.. II, No. 54c. lhld. llvld. lhld.. 1. Nos. 1072, 1073. I Ihld.. II, No. 187. N.\IHR.. Vol. VI. No. 2, p. 181. Sp. Al'(‘h.. II, No. 119. 10. DH, 1720. Nos. 3. 5. 11. Sp. Arch.. 1. No. 647. I-"?‘:*'E-7‘?-".“$*’!"E"' 12. II-13. Bern., l\‘l. Sec. 13. lhld. 11. HEN“, No. 2102. 15. NMIIR. lne. clt. 16. Sp. Arcln, II. No. 183:1. 17. nN.\l, leg. 4. No. 1:1; Fr. Morfl copled this Item In 1781 from “ori;1in:ils" in possession of Don Antonio Jose Ortiz. 18. Sp. An-h., 1. Nos. 498. 1072. 1073. 1074, 1078; II, Nos. 14.-|I), 130. 317.1. 19. lhId., II. No. 181. ‘.30. "lIlI., ‘.21. lhlil.. I, No. 647. No. 901. 2'1. Bur-18. Sln. Fr. 23. So Arch.. 1. Nos. 27. 763. 24. Bur-~18, Sta. Fe. [250] 1754.-"'1 After his wife’s death Manuel married To masa Romero, a widow, on May 3, 1757.” They had at least four children before she died, September 5, 1779.‘-‘These were: Ven tura José, July 20, 1758; Manuel Antonio, February 2, 1760;Jose Antonio, July 14, 1762; Jose’ Alejandro, in 1764.“ =l<‘ * >i< =lt * =l< * * PEDRO ORTIZ DE ESCUDERO was a to tally, different Ortiz, yet perhaps related to his contemporary, the original Nicolas Ortiz. Pedro was a silversmith born in Oaxaca, the son of Pedro Ortiz Escudero and Lucia de Quiﬁones. He was twenty when he married Ana Pdez Hurtado, daughter of Juan Paez Hurtado by his first wife. The wedding took place in Santa Fe, January 6, 1715.” In 1713 Pedro was listed with the soldiers of the Presidio,-"“ and in March 1716, he asked for permission to leave New Mexico and return to New Spain.” Whether or not this permis 25. Sp. Ari'h., I, No. 6-18. 26. 31-50. Sta. Fe. 27. Bur-48. Sta. Fe. 28. Sp. Au-h.. II, No. 841. 29. Bur-16, I\'nniln'-, B. Sec; M-50, sm. Fe. 30. Santa Fe C0unt,\‘, Vol. R. pp. 2112-14. in Santa. Fe Court House. 31. Sp. Ar('h.. II, No. 8-11: M-50, Sin. Fin, Dec. 31, 175-}. 3'2. M. Sm. Clnrn; .\l-51, Castrcnse. 32:1. llSN.\l. Militia Papers. M-50.Sin. Fe. 3|. Sp. Areh., I, N05. 652, 662. .'l'.").llur->18. Stn. Fl‘. 36. l5.\'.\l, leg. 10, No. 43. .\llse(~llnne(ms; El Pnltwlo, Vol. 54, No. 10. pp. 301-5. 37. ll ) Id . 38. Sp. .~\r('h., I, No. 662. Ill). lhlil.. I. No. 1110: II, No. 080. -10. Twit. (‘ol|.. No. 1751. 41. Bur-lﬁ. Nmn|u'-. IS. SCI‘. 41.’.H-G2. Stu. Fe. (Il'Z.\'l-I:\l.O(}Y: .\li|rin Just-In Ortiz. llusla. mnntr-, Jose l\I:\rln Alurl. Z\I.'iri:\ Dolores Alarid. Romualdo Roy bnl, Nimlnsa Roylml, Fr. A. Ch{i\'ez. -l.’l. Hill‘. -133. lI.\‘N.\t. l\Ill. papers. 44. M-50. Stu. Fe. 45. Sp. .»\rrh., I, No. 652. IN sion \vas grzmlt-d is not known. If he :;l.;1y(‘(l, the preceding Manuel Ortiz could well have been his son. ' ’I‘ ll 1') ElGII'l‘F.l')N'l‘ll Cl‘IN’1‘Ul{Y /\n /lnI.rm.io ]'.'.s'('u(Ir'ro married (}crt1'udi.s' Mudri(l on Jamiary 19, l7.">.'%."“ Nothing more is known about him. 46. All In B, Stu. Fr. A7. II:|n('rnI’t. N310, 1763. 49. (N10. p. 11; NMIIR. Vol. X, No. 3, p. 188. 49. M-50, Sta. Fe. 50. B-16, Nnmln‘. 51. All In 1]., Sta. Ft-. .1. M-50. Slit. l"4-. .s. Bur-48, sin. I-':-. 1. All in B, Sta. Fe. 1'). DH. ,1715. No. 8. FIG. IISNJI, NO. 2103. 57. Sp. Ar(‘h., II. No. 2517.1. ")8. .\l--.’':(). Stu. Fr. OTERO PEDRO OTERO married Maria Juliana Alari as “Pedro Durén y Chaves” on Septem ber 2, 1759.‘ Some of their children were: José Lorenzo, born July 8, 1773, the son of Pedro Chaves and Juliana Alari;" Antonio Rafael, Decem ber 3, 1775, the son of Pedro Otero and Jul iana Alar1';3 Vicente Antonio, December 25, 1781,the son of Pedro Chaves and Juliana Alari,‘ and José Estanislao, son of Pedro Oteroand Juliana Alari, and husband of Mar garita Garcia.” Pedro Otero was mentioned as an eye-wit ness in 1769 in a case involving Efigenia Cha ves, wife of Jacinto Sanchez.“ Now, Efigenia wasa daughter of Pedro Duran y Chaves and hisfirst wife, Juana Montoya. Old Pedro had a minor son by the name of “Pedro”’ who is not mentioned by name in his father’s will; therefore, he was one of the four minor chil dren, none mentioned by name, of his second wife, Gertrudis Sanchez. Since there had been no Otero family in -all of New Mexico, it seems as though Pedro Otero is this young PedroDuran y Chaves. But where did he get his name? As the youngest orphan by a sec ond wife of so a vast a family, broken up by litigations besides, he might have been rear ed in the household of the pastor of Albu querque in those times, Fray Cayetano Otero, the only Otero individual in New Mexicoup to that time. losé Lorenzo Otero and his wife Ma-ria Se dillo lived in Valencia. Their existence is known from the marriage of a son, Antonio, to Feliciana Sanchez.“ They are also men tioned as grandparents in the baptisms of some children of Antonio and Feliciana.” Another son was José Antonio, married to Petra Sedillo; the grandparents are given in the baptism of a son, Manuel de Jesus, April 4, 1836.” A third son was José de Jesus, married to Maria Aguirre; grandparents given in bap tism of child, Juan Pablo, June 8, 1836.“ Antonio Otero, son of Pedro Otero and Jul iana Alari, was thirty-one when he enlisted as a soldier in 1813.“ He is most likely An tonio Rafael, born in 1775,since there are no other Oteros in New Mexico. He and his wife Lugarda Garcia are also known from the baptisms of their grandchildren. One son, Francisco Antonio, who married Elena Aragon on May 6, 1823,” had several children at whose baptisms Antonio Otero and Lugarda Garcia are given as paternal grandparents: Juana Maria, June 24, 1825;” Manuel de la Trinidad, February 28, 1829; Manuel Antonio, October 17, 1840;” and four others in between. Another son was Miguel, married to Josefa Chaves. Miguel’s parents are known in the same way, two of whose children were: José Gregorio, May 19, 1833, and José Andres, De cembcr 9, 1835.” A third son, Juan, was married to Josefa Sanchez; Juan's wife and parents likewise known through the bnptisni of a son. José lvlargarito, February 22, 1841.” Old Antonio, his wife Lugardia Garcia still living, died on March 30, 1845." [251] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO 1"/XMILIES Vicente Otero was r(‘p<)rl.e(l by his izunily to local lli.\'t()l'l(lllSas the son of l’e(lro Otero, who came to Santa “Fe from Spain and mor ried a “Miss Alarid” of Santa Fe.” Ile would be the Vicente Antonio born in 1781. Vi Jmln, who ni.'1rrie(l iV1(‘I'(,'(‘(i(‘SCil.'l\’(‘.‘{, May 37, I837; I\’Immr'I. /lntonio who m:n'ri<‘rl M.'1rf.'i Victoriana Chaves y Perea, March 19, 184-1?" and Maria dc Jcsiis, wife of Vicente Armijo?" cente was married to Gertrudis Chaves, by Estcmislao Otero, son of Pedro Otero and whom he had several children, the following Juliana Alari, both deceased, married Bar appearing in the records: ba-ra Garcia on August 2, 1813.“ Their known Miguel Luis Senon, born June 23, 1829;” younger children were: Maria Agapita, Jan Maria Candelaria-, February 6, 1827;“ Antonio uary l8, 1829; José Ponciano, November 27, José, married to Franeisca Chavez;“' Pedro, who married Serafina Otero at San Miguel, -1831;’-"‘Petra, wife of Jose Antonio Otero June 14, 1840;“ Juana, wife of Mariano Yri~ (q.v.); and Antonio Jose’, married to Maria Gertrudis Herrera.” sarrif“ Juliana-, married to Pablo Salazar;“ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. tonio, 10. 11. 12. 13. M-50, Sin. Fe. B-3, Alliuq. 1!. Sta. Fe. B--I, Albuq. B-71, Tmm‘-; bapt. of son. Juan Rafael, Mar. 1, 1824. AG-N, Th-rrns. leg. 426, III, fl. 7-11. l).\l. 1766. In Albuq.. Vallejo-Ilurtado. Ibid., 1824. no number. 11-73, Tnnné. Antonio José, April 28, 1834: Francisco An Feb. 5. 1839; Maria Carlota, Feb. 21, 1846. lbld. lhld. 31-56. Tomé. B-71, Tome. 14. 13-72, Tome. 15. lbld. 16. lhld. 17. Bur-54, Tome. 18. Anon., Inst. of N. )1. (N.Y., 1907). pp. 536-7; Twitchell, L4-ndlnx: I-‘m'I.<. Vol. II. PD. 273-4n. 19. 20. 21. 22. I!-72. Tnml‘. II-71, Tum(‘. 1!-73. Tmnf-; bapt. of four children, 1833-46. M, Snn Mlxruel del Vndo. 23. M-11, Tome; March 26, 1836; DM, 1836, in Albuquerque, no number. 2-1. B-72. Tome; bapt. of son, Jan. 18, 1828. ‘.13.Both in .\I-49, Islets. 26. B-71!, 'l'un(-: bapt. of son, Feb. 26. 1835. 27. M-56, Tomé. , 28. Both in B-72. Tome. 29. B-'73, Tome; bapt. of son, Oct. 17, 18-15, at Manzano. PACHECO JUAN PACHECO returned to New Mex ico at the time of the Reconquest, perhaps with his wife Antonia de Arratia, if she was still living. His family went to live inside the Indian-occupied city of Santa Fe upon ar rival, but had to vacate it and join the other colonists outside when the Tanos decided to resist Vargas.‘ Juan gave his age as fifty-two in 1694.’ He was an officer of the Conquista dora Coniiraternity in 1693.3 His children were: Silvestre; Josefaf wi dow of Jose Baca, who was murdered by her brother Silvestre; Maria, mother-in—law of Roque de Madrid, who had died before 1693; and, very likely, Petrona, wife of Cristobal Nieto who was captured in 1680 and rescued in 1692. Silvestre Pacheco killed José Baca, husband of his sister Josefa, during an altercation at [2521 Guadalupe del Paso in 1687.5 In 1708 he is mentioned in Santa Fe with his father, sister Josefa, and other relatives.“ It is not known who his wife was, or if he had any children. He sold his lands in Santa Fe at this time to Antonio Montoya and Nicolas Ortiz, as he was leaving “the Kingdom” with his family} Matias Pacheco and Felipe Pacheco, per haps brothers, were relatives of Josefa Pa checo, very likely her nephews, who were living with her and her second husband, Juan de Tafoya, in 1706-7.Matias was twen ty years old at this time, when he deposed that he did not know who his parents were.“ He later married Maria Cisneros, and was dead by 1728 when their daughter, Teodora, married Juan Antonio Cabrera." Another daughter, Valentina, was the wife of Jose Gonzalez and a niece of Maria Griego.” IN T II E E I C ll '1‘ I‘) I‘) N 'I‘ II C I‘) N T U It Y Felipe Pacheco, mentioned with M;nl.i:1s, Isabel, married to l*‘rancis(:oXavier Sanchez, was a Sargento by 1731 and living at or near August 20, 1743;‘-".Ios:? /lntonio, bor‘h Febru San Juan Pueblo." His wife was Rosa Mar ary 2, 1727; Salvador Vicente, April 19, 1729; tin. Some of their children were: Juan José, Diego Antonio, November 19, 1730; and Caye who married Ynez Martin, May 9, 1732;” tano, February 18, 1732.” 1. Illtch C0lI., Box 1, No. 25, f. 108. 2. BM. 1691. No. 1. 3. 7. 3. OLC. D. 63. 4, GENEALOGY: Jnsefn Pnchr-co. Ju.'in:1 Baca, Nleol.’is Ortiz 111,Josefn Ortiz Bustnmante, Jose Maria Alnrl. Marla Dolores Alnrld. Rnmunldo Roybnl, Nlcolnsa Roylml, Fr. A, Chavez. 5. Sp. Arch., II, No. 45. 6. lbld., 1, Nos. 485. 486, 487, 488. Ih|Il.. Nos. -186, 487, 679. ANN, Mi-.\'., lnq., t. 735. f. 301; Sp. An-h.. II, No. 1341). SI. l).\l, .1723, Nu. 2. J0. Sp. Ar('h.. I, No. .'l.'l7. 11. Crcspo, pars. 227-0. 12. 31-27, S. Jllnn; Sp. Ar(‘h.. I. l\':v.~ 686-7. 13. llrld. 14. These four. Ihld., B. Sec PAD I LLA JOSE DE PADILLA and his wife, Maria Lépez,not being refugees from the Kingdom of New Mexico, remained at Guadalupe del Paso instead of coming up with the Vargas Reconquest. He was still living there, at Senecu, in 1699.‘From the _rnarriages of their children we learn that his wife was dead by 1711,while José himself died less than two years later.” His known sons were: José, Diego,and, most likely, Juan Antonio. Iosé de Padilla H, born in Guadalupe del Paso, there married Antonia de Herr-era in 1711.3His wife died on November 30, 1729.‘ He appears to be the same man, if not a son of the same name, who married Maria Rosa Ladrén de Guevara, May 7, 1732.5 Diego de Padilla came to New Mexico prop er and married Catalina (Gutiérrez) de Sala will; Manuela, wife of Francisco Chavez; Diego, seventeen; Nicolas, fourteen; Bernar do, twelve; Tomasa, eight; Pedro, six, and Maria Barbara, three.” Other facts about some of these children are as follows: Francisco married Isabel Baca on March 13, 1732;” Manuela married Fran cisco Xavier Chavez on September 29, 1735;“ Diego married Maria Luisa Chavez; she died on December 23, 1741;” Bernardo married Quiteria Chavez after she had illegitimate children;” Tomasa became the wife of To mas Chavez, December 3, 1742;” Pedro, born May 26, 1731,married Victoria Chavez, Janu ary 28, 1755;” Maria, born August 29, 1733,” must have died young; Maria Barbara, born February 27, 1735, married Antonio Chavez, April 13, 1750." Pedro, referred to as the “seventh child,” sold his father’s estate to Clemente Gutiérrez in 1768.“ zar, November 3, 1706.“ She died and Diego then married Maria Vasquez Baca, also of Bernalillo, in 1713.’They were wedding spon sors together as late as 1730.” He made his last will in 1736 at El Puerto de San Andres, Isleta jurisdiction, where he had lived and acquired property, known as “lo de Padilla.” He named one son by his first wife, Pedro Nolasco, and also an older natural son, born prior to his first marriage but reared by him, who went under the name of Luis Suazo. His second wife bore him eight children: Francisco, twenty-four and executor of the Juan Antonio Padilla came up from Guada lupe del Paso to the Santa Cruz-Rio Arriba area in the beginning of the century. He signed his name, “Juan de Padilla,” in 1720.” Since his arrival he had been married to Margarita Martin, daughter of Captain Se bastian Martin of La Soledad,” but had died by the year 1731, when his widow married Bernardo Roybal.“ Their daughter Juana was the wife of Car los Fernandez of Taos, who was after his wife’s inheritance in 1744. Her younger sis ter, Barbara, was living with her, while [253] ()l(lClN.H' 01*‘ NEW Ml'IXl(J() i-"A I\l 11.11-1s Jl(ll(l1I.and ']'nnul.s', minor ('llll(ll'(‘ll, went from Felipe de Padilla, :1 native ml"the Rio Aba the care of B<~rnar(lo lloybal (their step jo was twenty years old in lGll4."”He married father) to that of one of their J\/lartin uncles. .Izumu Illziriu dc ()_r/unnvin ltitlll,-"" the daugh They had two hall-sisters and one hall—broth— ter of Magdalena de Ogama. In 1703 he was er, “all Roybals,” who stayed with their wi dowed‘fathcr.'~"-'Jillian was born on April 12, 1726.“ He and his sister Juana were witnesses at the marriage of another sister, Micaela, when she married Domingo Labadia in 1766.“ Tomas was thirty—one when he enlist ed as a soldier of the Santa Fe Presidio in 1766.2“ 1).“. 1699, No. 9. lhld.. 1711, No. 4; 1713, No. 1. l|)ld., Inc. 4-It. Bur, Guml. dol Pasn (-luzirez). M, Gund. «I4-IPnsn (Jlnircz). B-13, BI-rn., M. Sec. l).\l. 1713. No. 1. . ‘5‘9“."‘.‘-”P":“:'*’!°!”‘ M-ll. lslctn, April 30. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 685. 10. GENEALOGY: Frnm-ism Pxulllln, Fmncism Pnrlilln. Mn riano Torres. Maria Rita Torres, Jose Chavez. Eugenio Clulvcz. Fabian Chavez. Fr. A. Chavez. 11. M-ll, Isleln. 12. Sp. An-h., II, No. 460; Bur-2, Allmq. 13. Sp. Arch., 1, N0. 196. 14. M-ll, lslcta. 15. B-51 and M-11, Isletn. Ibld. still living in Santa Fe.“ A daughter, Juana, married Florencio Garcia dc Lira in Santa Fe'in 1717.“ Antonio Padilla married Francisco Xaviera Vdsquez, November 7, 1728.3"They had a son, Andrés, born May 4, 1730.” There is no way of classifying these two men. 17. Ihld. 18. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 695. 1.0. Il)l(l., II, No. 310. 20. Il)lil.. I. No. 530. 21. 31-27. 5. Juan, Sept. 26; Bancroft, NMO, 1731. 22. Sp. Arch., loc. cit. 23. B-27. S. Juan. 2!. .\l-50. Sta. Fe. GENEALOGY: MI:-m-In Padilla. Josefa I.nli:uIln. Mzurin Gunrlalune Rihera. Maria Dolores Alarid. Ro muuliln Poyb.'1l, Nimlasa Roybal, Fr. A. Chavez. Illa. ll.<.\'.\[. Mil., Papers. 23. 1).“. 1694. No. 26. 213. lhid.. 1698. No. 1. incomplete. 27. Sp. .-\rch., I. No. 1071. 28. l).\I. 1717, N0. 2. 2?). )1-ll, Isleta. 30. B-57, Isl:-ln. .. PAEZ HURTADO JUAN PAEZ HURTADO was born in Vil lafranca de los Palacios, near Las Cabezas in Andalucia, the son of Domingo Hurtado and Ana Rubio y Vasquez, both deceased.‘ Var gas got him for the Reconquest of New Mex ico and appointed him as the leader of other recruits, both military and civilian colonists.” He was Lieutenant Governor and General under Vargas during both his terms, and his actual commander of many of his expedi tions. He was also the executor of Vargas’ last will in 1704, interim Governor, and a very active mayordomo of the Conquistadora Confraternity, as well as a member of that of San Miguel} His first wife was Pascuula Lopez Vera, who died in 1693, shortly before the Recon quest Army and colony set out for New Mex ico." He brought along his little girl, Ana, who later married Pedro Ortiz Escudero in Santa Fe.-'* [2543 Juan himself married Teodora Garcia de la Riva-, on June 20, 1704.“Three known chil dren of theirs were: Antonia, who became the wife of Jose Terrus;" Gertruclis, first wife of Nicolas Ortiz III; and Juan Domingo. Juan died in 1742 and was buried under the main altar of La Conquistadora on May 5; his sec ond wife was buried in the same chapel, No vember 17, N36.“ His name is carved on El Morro, with the date “July, 1736.”5“ It seems as though his son, Juarn Domingo, mentioned only once in the will of his Terrus brother-in—law,-"went to live at Guadalupe del Paso, being very likely the founder of a prominent family there later known as “Paez.” His father was referred to simply as “Don Juan Paez” in at least one official docu ment.'“ The name “Paez,” later “Paiz,” begins to appear in Santa Fe registers from 1771 on, IN T111‘)l!}lGll'I'l‘Il".N'l‘ll CFNTURY and is most difficult to trace, for luck of wills and other civil documents. These pcoplc were 1_ mi, very likely some (lxsccmlants who moved back north from Guadalupe dcl Paso. 1701, No. 6. 7. 2, First E.\'lN‘lHU0I|. DD- 55. 116: Sn. l\l'(‘lI.. I, No. 402; Ran N-oft, NMO. 165)-1; NMIIII, Vol. '23, N0. 3, p. 248. 3. Sn. Arrh., 1, Nos. 95), 1027; ()LC. pp. 66-7; Kublcr. p. 10. DM. loc. clt. 5. Il)Ill., 1715. N0. 8. 6. lhld., 1704, No. 6. 4. Sn. Arch.. 1. No. 966. 8. ()I.(}, pp. -11, (36-7. 8:1. .\l:-sn. ()un_\-um.(‘l('., p. -17:");Lummls nn ll‘lSL'l'l]\li(H‘I<l:itc<l 1709. but Jur.'uln" (p. 472). actually also read his nnmc in It is “Ramon Garcia El. Sp. Arrh.. Inc. on. 10. Hnncrnﬂ, NMO, 1731. PALOMINO RENDON FRANCISCO PALOMINO RENDON was a native of Puerto de Santa Maria in Spain, the son of Juan Gallegos and Catalina Palo mino Rendon. After four years in southern New Spain, and one at Guadalupe del Paso, he reached Santa Fe with the Reconquest colony in 1693, to marry Juana Montoya on December 17, a few days before the battle of‘ Santa Fe. The final nuptial papers had been drawn up at Santo Domingo Pueblo on the way up to Santa Fe.‘ Francisco died before 1710,when his widow married Juan Manuel Chirinos.2 They had one daughter, Maria Estela, who married Juan Felipe de Riberaﬁ This surname represents a family distinct from the “Rendon” family, and it ended witth Maria Estela. 1. 2. 1).“. 1603. No. 8. lhl(l., 1710, No. 16. 3. GENEALOGY: Marin Est:-in Palnmlno Rondén, Antonio dc Ribcm, Manuel Ribcrn, Marla Guadalupe Riliera, Marla Do lores Alarid, Romualdo Roybal, Nicolasa Roybnl, Fr. A. Chavez. PALOMINO TOMAS PALOMINO, his wife, and a “youth” joined the 1693 colonists at Zacate cas.‘ He was the son of Fernando, twenty six years old, and was a native of Puerto de Santa Maria in Spain, He was of medium height, fair and pockmarked. His wife was With them also came a young nephew of his wife, Bartolomé de Luna Bautista? Tomas was perhaps related to Francisco Palomino Rendon, since both were from the same Spanish city. He settled in Santa Cruz Gertrudis Bautista Ulibarri (Olivares?), twenty, a native of Mexico City at the Calle del Reloz, the daughter of Martin Bautista; shehad an aquiline face, a high forehead, and small nose. They had a son, Manuel Palo mino, fourteen years old, born in Mexico killed by Indians inside the mission church of Zuﬁi with two other soldiers.‘ His son is not heard of again, nor did the family name survive. in 1696,and sold his land grant in 1699 to An tonio de Silva? On March 4, 1703, he was BNM. leg. 4. pt. 1. DD. 830-4. Sp. AI-<‘h., II. No. 540. City; he was fair—complexioned, with large eyes and a rather broad nose. 1 9‘?-"E-"E" DM. 1694. No. 26; 1697, No. 1. Sn. Arch.. II, No. 820. I)oc., Hist. dc l\lt~x., p. 183. [255] ORIGINS OI" NEVVMEXICO FAMILIES PELAEZ JACINTO PELAEZ, a native of Villanueva in Asturias, was the son of Gonzalo Pelaez and Elvira Mendez. He was twenty-one when he married Margarita Gomez Robledo at Guadalupe del Paso in 1691.‘Another Span ish soldier, Alonso Romero, had married Margarita’s sister, Maria. Pelaez denounced Romero as a bigamist and the charge was proven true.“ The grant made to him by Var gas was at Jaeona near San Ildefonsoﬁ Margarita bore him two daughters: Maria, who married Juan Fernandez de la Pedrera,‘ and Jacinta, first ‘married to Antonio de Luna and then to Antonio Montoya. After lVIargarita’searly death Jacinto mar ried Isabel de Cha-ves in 1700;” but he died shortly after, for in 1705 his widow married Baltasar de Mata. 1. DM. 1691, N0. 2. 2. AGN, .\Iex., Inq., t. 507, L 343. 3. Sn. A1'(‘h., I, No. 1261. 4. GENEALOGY: Marin Pelﬁez, Maria Francisca Fernandez de la Pedrera, Manuel Alarl, Jose Maria Alari, Marla Dolores Alarid. Romualdo Roybal, Nicolasa Roybal, Fr. A. Chavez. 5. B-13, Bcrn., M. Sec. PENA BALTASAR FRANCISCO DE LA PENA was a native of Zacatecas, and a soldier of Santa Fe in 1694,when he married Lucia Gu tiérrez. His parents were Francisco Gabriel de la Pena and Manuela Gomez de Medina, deceased.‘ He gave his age as twenty—three a couple of years after? Nothing more is known about him except that he later brought some boys, apparently nephews, from Mexico City to New Mexico, as shown further on. Iosé Miguel de la Peﬁa seems to have been a son of Baltasar Francisco and Lucia Gutier rez. He married Maria Francisca Rael de Aguilar on April 23, 1737; she was a sister of Nicolas Rael.3 Sometime in the third quarter of the centdry he was Alcalde at Jémez," and was living in Santa Fe in 1790,when he gave his age as seventy, and that of his Rael Wife as sixty-five.” They had a son, Juan de Dios, born March 18, 1748,“who married Loreta Ortiz, by whom he had a son, Mariano. The father followed a military career.’ Another son, to all appearances, was Jose ‘Miguel II, ehanter in the church at Santa Fe, [256] who received a grant near Santo Domingo Pueblo.“ This homestead of his was known as “El Rancho de José Miguel de la Pena” from 1777 to 1780; by 1791 it was shortened to “Rancho de Pena,” and from 1792 on it was “Rancho de la Pena Blanca.” His wife was Dolores Martin.” * =!< >14 * * * it * Iosé Mariano de la Peﬁczwas born in Mex ico City, the son of Juan Antonio de la Pena and Maria Antonia Alvarez. On March 10, 1783, he married Ma-TiaSoledad Gutiérrez.“ In 1785he declared that he had been brought to New Mexico, when eight years old, by a Don Baltasar (illegible) .” In 1789he was ex ecutor of the will of Clemente Gutiérrez, his father-in—law.'“He was living at Pajarito in 1790, when he was described as a native of Mexico City, thirty—oneyears old, and a mer chant by profession. His Gutiérrez wife was twenty—six.With them was a brother, twen ty-onc, also born in Mexico City.“ A census in 1802-3 named him, his wife, and four children: Mariana, Lorenzo, Rafael, and Bmtolomé.‘-" Iosé de la Peﬁa, a native of Mexico City, IN THE ElGlI'l‘lClCN'l‘lI CENTURY who married Francis-ca Silva, widow of Man uel Salazar, December 2, 1802,” was, no doubt, the younger brother of Jose Mariano 1690. Besides, Juan Antonio de la Pena and lVl£lI'lZ1 Antonia just mentioned living with him at Pajarito in 1. 2, 3, 4. 5, (3. DM. 1694. No. 15. lI;Id., 1606, No. 5; M-50. Sm. Fe; Sp. BNM. leg. 10, No. Sp. An-h.. II, No. B, Sm. Fe. /\lv:n‘e7. are given as grand parents at the baptism of his daughter, Maria Francisca, August 1, 1810." 9. 1697, No. 4. Arr-11., II, No. 8-11. 12. 109(3.'1. M-35. Sta. Domlngo. 10. Ib'id., M. of son, Ju:in dc Jesus, 11. i\l—H), lslt-tn. 12. AGN, Th-rrnﬁi. L l'..."'i7, M. 1-2, Sept 1 L\“..’n ].'1. Sn. Ari-h.. I, No. 371. 1-1. Ihlrl., II, No. 1092b. 15. AASF. N0. 30. 16. 1).“. 18012, no number. 17. B-65, Sm. Fe. 7. II-05. Sm. Fe. bnpt. of grandson, Fernando. April 18, 1812; IISNM. Estate 01 Rosa Bustamanle: Sp. Arr-.h.. II, No. 1874. 3. Sp. Arch., 1, Nos. 699, 904: II, No. 1188. PERADLA Pedro de Peralta, fifty-five years old and a widower, was living in Santa Fe in 1710. He was a native of Valladolidﬂ His name ap pears in 1703 and 1705, but with no hints re garding his wife or family.” Juan de Mestas Peralta returned in 1693,and he used this name only once, at his wedding. But there could,have been others at the time, minors perhaps, or descendants of those who remained at Guadalupe del Paso might have come up later on. Of the seventeenth-century Peraltas, only 1. 2. DM, 1710, No. 12. Sn. Arch.. II, Nos. 94, 116 PEREA JUAN DE PEREA came up to New Mexico from Guadalupe del Paso with the Recon quest colonists. He and his wife were nup tial witnesses at Santa Fe in 1694.1He was a soldier, a “native of New Mexico,” and thirty years old in 1697.’ His wife, Aldonsa Varela, and he were both dead by 1701, when their daughter, Maria (Luisa), widow of Miguel Maese, married ,Agustin Lujénﬁ Other known daughters were Catalina, the wife of Martin Hurtado, and another girl, apparently, the wife of Antonio Lucero de Godoy. Francisco de Perea and Maria Varela had a _.§_____ 1. 2. 3. 4- DH. 1694. N0. 22. Ihld-. 1697. N0. 2. lhldu 1701. N0. 4. B-2. Albuq. son, Francisco, born January 22, 1709.‘ He might be the same man, or his son of the same name, who married Rosa de Torres, who bore him two children: Lucas Francisco, October 23, 1731, and Isabel, April 29, 1733.5 * * * * * =1! * * Esteban de Perea and his wife might or might not have come to New Mexico with the Reconquest. Both were dead by 1711, when their son, Jacinto, also a “native of New Mexico,” married Josefa Pacheco, born in Santa Fe of unknown parentage.“ Jacinto was one of the few survivors of the Villasur Expedition.’ He bought and sold land in San ta Fe in 1761 and 1765.‘ 5. lhld. 6. 7. 8. D.\l, 1711. No. 5. lhhl., 1720. No. 4. Sn. Arch., 1, Nos. 644, 985. [257} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES PEREZ Jesus Maria Pérez Serrano, married to Maria Candeiaria Baca, was living in Bclén at the start of the nineteenth century. They had a daughter, Maria Guadalupe, born May 6, 1813, and a son, José Miguel Antonio, April 24, 1818.‘ He was, to all appearances, the son of Francisco Pérez Serrano, Alcalde of Albu 1. B-8. Bclén. 2. AASF, No. 19. querquc in 1782, and brother—in-law of Gov ernor de Anza.‘-’ 2|: >1: :1: :3: :1: :3: * It Francisco Perez de la Rosa. (See Rosa). José Miguel Pérez registered a mine at Abiquiu in 1818.” 3. Sp. A.rch., I, No. 706. PINEDA JOSE DE LA MORA PINEDA was a mili tary man who came from Mexico City, per haps at the time of the Reconquest.‘ He seems to be the Juan de Pineda y Guzman, twenty-three years old and a native of Som brerete, who was in Santa Fe in 1695.2 In 1708 he was mentioned as the husband of Clara de Chavesf‘ Between the years 1715 1. 2. 3. 24 . Ocaranza. DD. 133-6. DM. 1695, No. 19. lbl(l., 1708, No. 3. and 1720 he was Alcalde Mayor of Taos.‘ He died on January 17, 1727.5 Jacinto Pineda, widower of Simona Do minguez, married Juana de Castro Rodarte, Widow of Lazaro Saenz, May 16, 1751.“ His first wife had died on November 26, 1736.7 *3. Bur-~18, Sta. B-45, Taos; Rltch Coll., Box 2, No. 54; Sp. Arch., 1, No. 6. 7. Fe. Bl-50, Sta. Fe. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. PINO JUAN BAUTISTA PINO was a traveling merchant from Mexico City who resided in the vicinity of Isleta Pueblo and Rancho de San Clemente as early as 1747.‘ It is not known if his wife, Petra Teresa Dcivila y Calle, came with him and his two adult sons, likewise merchants and traders, who make mention of their parents later on. These sons were Joaquin José and Mateo José. IocxquinIosé Pino, born in Mexico City and residing in Tome, the son of Juan Bautista Pine and Petra Davila y Calle, both do ‘ ceased, married Barbara Sanchez, August 28, 1764.2 New Mexico products, intended for [258] trade in Mexico City, were stolen from him at Santa Cruz in 1763.“He died in 1768 at the age of fifty-nine at the Rancho de San Cle mente.“ In this same year he had made his will, in which he again gave his parents and birth ‘place, declaring that he and Barbara had been married four years and three months. They had had three children: Joaquin Mari ano, Ana Maria (Catalina), and Joaquin Ma riano. Only the girl was living.-" The second boy had been born on January 6 of this same year.“ Joaquin José named his brother Mateo José as executor, and also mentioned his bro I thers-in-law, Juan Cristobal Sanchez and I)i1-goAntonio S:'n1(:lwz,the latter married to Ana Maria del Castillo. Also mentioned were two step—childrcn, Crist(3ba-l and Bartolo. Among his many effects, he left fifteen pub- lished tomes by various authors, and six closely written sheets of persons who owed him money.’ Besides Cristobal and Bartolo, his wife had ' another illegitimate son prior to her mar riage with Pino, José Francisco Pino, who married Barbara Chavez in 17755‘and then Juana Maria Baca in 1780.9Bartolo (or Bar tolomé) Pino married Manuela Chavez, and then Antonio Josefa Torres in 1790.” The only surviving child of the marriage, Ana Maria, was Maria Catalina Pino (unless she,too, was illegitimate), sister of Bartolo,“ who married Antonio de Luna,” and then Anacleto Miera y Pacheco, November 20, 1782,when Joaquin Pino and Barbara San chezwere given as her deceased parents, Mateo Iosé Pino, executor of his brother Joaquin’s will, turned down the assignment after his brother died, and sued the Sanchez in-laws, complaining about the poverty of his own large family.” In 1752, referred to as a native of Mexico City, he had been sug gested as a candidate for High Sheriff of the Holy Office in New Mexico.” His wife was Teresa Sanchez, presumably a sister of Joaquin’s wife, Barbara. They had several children: Pedro J osé, Pedro Bautista, Joaquin, Mariano, Maria.no Antonio, born February 6, 1752; Juan Francisco, March 19, 1753;” Alejandro Ricardo, April 7, 1756, and Carlos Ca-simiro, ,baptized on December 15, 1761.” Their mother, Teresa Sanchez, died on No vember28, 1761," in childbirth evidently, and their father then married Maria Concepcion Roybal, who bore him two children: Fran cisco Mariano, February 6, 1769, and Maria Josefa Andrea, December 8, 1763.” Some of the children of Mateo José Pino married as follows: i3 'l‘ H l‘) I‘) l (1 H 'l' l‘) l". N '1' ll C l". N 'l' U ll Y Pedro Iosé Pino apparently had brought his wife from Mr-,.\'icoCity, or from Chihuahua, where the Pines also 1l‘£1(l(,‘(l.'” For her name was Maria Josefa Caballero, a name unknown in New Mexico. He was twenty—cight years old in 'l7(i7,'-'"and was mentioned as already forty _\'ears (lead in 1822 by his brothers.“ As /llcaldc Mayor of Laguna he caused the friars much trouble and even held some of them in debt.‘-'3 His known children were: José Mateo, born October 2, 1768; Justa Gertrudis Maria, July 19, 1772; Maria Guadalupe Susana, Au gust 14, 1774;’-"‘and José Manuel Francisco, January 7, 1780.“ Pedro Bautista Pino did not always use the “Bautista” part of his name early in his ca reer, henee it is sometimes difficult to dis tinguish him from his brother, Pedro José, also referred to simply as “Pedro,” until the latter’s death about the year 1781.“ Pedro Bautista resided at the Rancho de San Cle mente near Isleta when he married Manuela Gabaldon in Santa Fe, December 24, 1772.“ He was assistant Alcalcle of Laguna in 1780 when he acted as godfather for a child of his brother Pedro Jose." His first wife died with in a decade after bearing the following daughters: Maria Vicenta, November 1, 1773;’-“‘Maria Gcrtruclis, July 9, 1775;” and the twins, Maria Barbara and Maria de la Luz, at Tomé, September 3, 1778.3" Maria Barbara married Isidro Antonio Baca of Be len at Santa Fe in 1793:“ Another daughter, Maria Rita, married Juan Dionisio Baca, Oc tober 11, 1785.-""“ On September 30, 1781, Pedro Pino, wi dowed of Manuela Gabaldon, son of the de ceased Don Mateo Pino and Tomasa (Teresa) Sanchez, married Lugarda Luccro, widow of Francisco Silva. The marriage took place in Santa Fe, though both parties gave Tomé as their residence. They were third cousinsﬁ” They were still living at Tome in 1790,when he gave his age as thirty-eight and Lugarda’s as thirty—scven. They had five sons, twenty two, eighteen, sixteen, nine, and seven, re [2591 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES spectively; and four girls, thirteen, ten, eight, Pedro Bautista is best known for his being and tliree.‘“‘ But in 1786 they were living in the first and only l)eput_v from New lVl(‘xie() to the Spanish Cortes in 1810, when he coin Santa Fe, when they went to Tome to act as sponsors for a grandcliild.“ At this period he held offices in Santa Fe or acted as an attor ney.” Lugarda Lucero, “married first to Francisco Silva, and then to Don Pedro Bau tista Pino,” died on March 8, 1813, leaving eight children.“ Some children by her were: Juan Esteban, December 29, 1782, who married Nicolasa Troncosoy“ Maria Gertru dis, July 5, 1786, who as the widow of Mari ano Duran became the third wife of Juan Rafael Ortiz in 1816;” and Juan Francisco, August 22, 1788.3“ Pedro Bautista Pine then married Maria Baca, with a dispensation, on March 24, 1816.” Known children of this marriage were: Maria Guadalupe de la Trinidad, May 16, 1818; Nicolas de Jesus, December 4, 1819,“ who married Juana Rascon in 1842;” Mi guel Estanislao, May 6, 1821, who married Maria de la Luz Ortiz, December 31, 1842;” and José Facundo, November 27, 1823.“ Sp. Ar:-h., II, No. 480. M-3, AIhuq.; D31, 1763, in A1buq.. no number. Sp. Areh., II, No. 562. Bur-2, Albuq. Twit. COIL, No. 2813. Twit. Coll”. loc. cit. M-11. Isleta, May 3. . DM, 1780, no number; M-49, Islam, Sept. 18; B-3, Albuq., spon or with his mother. Dec. 11. 1774. 10. M-49. lslq-tn, Oct. 3. 11. lbld.. sponsors together. May 2. 1782. 12. GENEAIDGY: Marin Catalina Plno, José Enrique Luna, Toriblo Luna. Marla Encarnaclon Luna, Eugenio Chavez. Fa bian Chavez, Fr. A. Chavez. 13. Twit. 0111., Inc. cit. 14. AGN, Me-x., Inq.. t. 592, It. 1-34. 15. These two in B-57, Islcta. 16. These two in B-3, Allmq. 17. Bur-2, Albuq. 18. Both in B-8, Albuq. 19. Sp. Areh., II, No. 623. 20. Ihld. 21. Ihld., No. 212. ‘°?3."E7’."':‘°‘5-"E°!" 22. BNM, leg. 10, Nos. 12. 42. 23. These three in B-57. Isl:-tn. 24.11, Lnuunultin Gallup): his godfather was Don Pedro Bautlstn Pino, Tcnlento of Acoma. 25. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 212. posed an “Exposition" concerning New Mex ico for the Court of Madrid.” His brother Joaquin, during a land dispute at Pajarito in 1821, still boasted of his brother Pedro Bau tista who had been the “Sr. Diputado en Cor tes.”"“ Iuan Francisco Pino, mentioned with his brother Pedro José in 1767,“ married Maria Victoria Chavez, November 9, 1782,” by whom he had at least six children at Los Chaves. Of these, Francisco married Soledad Rael,-"° and Mateo married Maria Manuela Baca.“ Ioaquin (Mcxricmo)Pino, mentioned with his brothers in civil documents already cited, married Josefa de la Luz Chcivez, widow of Felipe Varela, November 17, 1783.“ They had at least seven children. 26. 27. 28. 29. 31-50, Sta. Fe. B. Lnguna, loc. cit. B-57, Isletn, at San Clemente. B-3, Alhuq. 30. 11-4, Alhuq. 31. M-50, Stu. Fe. 31a. M, Lasrunn, in Gallup. 32. Ihld. 33. Sp. Arcli.. II, No. 10963. 34. B-54. Tome, July 10. 35. Sp. Arch” I. Nos. 54, 126: II, No. 2620; HSNM, Estate of Rosa Bustamante. 36. Bur-50, Sta. Fe. 37. B. Sta. Fe; Ihld.. bapts. 01! these children, 1809, 1812, 332 n.m.; M-52. Sta. Fe. Feb. 14. Ibld 40. 31-52, Stu. Fe. 41. Both in B, Stu. Fe. 42. 31-54. Stu. Fe, Feb. 16. 44. B. Sta. Fe. 45. Ct. Three New Mexico Chronicles; Note faulty genealogy in Introduction. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. Sp. Arch., I, Nos. 216, 217. Bur-52, Sin. Fe. Sp. Arvin. I. No. 623. DH. 1782, no number; l\I-49, lslctn. ll-54. Tlmlﬁ. bapt. of son. May B, 1825. M-49, lslctn, Oct. 24, 1813. PORRAS Francisco de Porrus, forty, the son of Juan, and born in Madrid, was listed among the colonists of 1693. He had a broad forehead and was blind in one eye. His wife, Damiana [260] Gonzalez, was thirty years of age, a native of Mexico City, and daughter of Santiago; she had an aquiline face, a high forehead, and a broad nose, I N 'r it 1-: H l G H 'i‘ E E N '1‘ ll (I l‘? N T U ll Y They had one daughter, Mm'i.(i, thirteen years old and born in Mexico City, who had 1606; his wife. was a sister of Guadalupe Na vzirro, who inarricd Juan Manuel Chirinos in a broad face.‘ 1696.” Francisco was a Captain at Santa Cruz in 1- 2. SD. Al‘ClI., II. No. Me. DM, 1696, No. 8. PRADA Iosé Prada, a native of Chihuahua, was twenty-seven years of age in 1790 when list ed among the soldiers of the Santa Fe garri son. He had come as a widower prior to 1787, when he enlisted at the age of twenty-four. His parents were José Manuel Prada and Maria de la Rosa. His Santa Fe wife was Lo reta Sandoval, twenty—two in 1790; they had one son and three daughters.‘ Two known children were José Manuel, born January 1, 1798, and Maria Antonia Josefa, May 23, 1810.‘ 1. Twit. Coll., No. 179; HSNM, Mil. Papers. 2. B, Custrense. PRADO Juan del Prado was a Spaniard from Gali cia, married in New Mexico. He and fifteen other New Mexico soldiers fled to Mexico City from Abiquiu and Ojo Caliente in 1763. Among them was his brother—in-law, a son of InocencioVelasquez.‘ But two years later he was back in Chama.’ While he was gone his wife, Maria Anto nia Velasco, had a natural son, Juan Julian, January 28, 1764.3In 1774, July 2, they had twin-boys, Manuel and Juan Pedro.‘ 1. Bancroft, NMO, 1763. 2. lbld.. 1765. 3. B-31, Sta. Clara. 4. lbld. QLHNTANA MIGUEL DE QUINTANA came with the colonists of 1693. He was born in Mexico City, the son of, José, and was twenty-two years old; he had a round face, small fore head, large eyes, and a hole (dimple) in the chin.His wife was Gertrudis (Moreno) Tru jillo, fifteen, the daughter of Nicolas, and also a native of Mexico City; she had an aquiline face, large eyes, and a small nose.‘ A brother of his, José de Quintana, came as a soldier, and from his marriage, given further on, we learn that their parents in MexicoCity were José de Quintana and Ni colasaValdés de Cervantes. Miguel lived in Santa Cruz all his life.‘ He died there on April 9, 1748,at the age of sev enty.“ He had gained local fame as a poet and composer of coloquios, which got him into no small trouble with some injudicious friars at a time when he was mentally per turbed. Here he stated that he had a large family.‘ His known children were: Nicolas, born September 2, 1712;-"Micaela, wife of Pedro Sanchez;" and some other Quintanas of the same place and ages appearing together, who in all probability were his children: Lugarda, wife of Asencio Archuleta;‘ Juan, Francisco, [261] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES José, and /lntonia, who married Juan Gomez del Castillo. son of any of the preceding lll£ll'l‘l(‘(lMaria brothers. I’(iulu Siim-lie: on April I-Ie 17, 1746.” They were still living at Santa Cruz Nicolas Quintana and (mother) Gcrtrudis Moreno Trujillo were sponsors for a child of Juan Gomez del Castillo and (sister) Anto nia Quintana in 1736.“ His wife was Maria Antonia dc Herrera; they had a son, Hilario, born January 10, 1743." Juan Quintana married Francisca Xaviera Sanchez, September 6, 1734,with Pedro San chez and wife Micaela Quintana as wit nesses,” apparently Quintana brother and sister marrying Sanchez sister and brother. Juan was killed by Cumanches in 1773,leav ing a son, José Julian, and other children with his widow.“ Francisco Quintana married Juana» Martin, September 12, 1737, a daughter of Miguel Martin.” A child of theirs, Manuela Antonia, was born at Abiquiu, August 12, 1741.” If he is the same man later married to a Rosa Trujillo, he had two sons by her at Chama: Juan Francisco, February 3, 1764, and Tomas, January 1, 1766.” Iosé Quintana was older than the preced ing sons. He was fifty years old when killed by savage Indians in August, 1748. His wi dow was Lugarda Tafoya. Nothing else is known about him. * =l= =l= * * * * * Iuan Bautista Quintana, a little too young to be a son of Miguel de Quintana, was the 1. Sn. Arch}. II, No. 5-1c: BNM, leg. 4. pt. 1. pp. 830-4. 2. Sp. Arch., II, Nos. 178, 330. 3. Bur-32, Sta. Cruz. 4. Cf. "The Mad Poet of Santa Cruz,” New Mexico Folklore Record, Vol. III, 1948-49, pp. 10-17. 5. B-33. Sm. Cruz. 6. Sn. ArclI., II, No. 330. 7. lhld., I, No. 968; his compndre Pedro Sanchez was execu tor of his will. 8. B-24. S. Ild.. Dec. 11. 9. 11-31. Sta. Clnrn. 10. M-29, Stu. Cruz. 11. Sp. Ar('lI., I, Nos. 723. 728. 12. M-29, Sin. (lmz; Sp. ArclI., II, No. 5'29. 13. ll-31, Sta. Clara. 14. Ibld. [262] in 1790, when he gave his age as sixty—tw0, and Maria Paula’s as fifty-eight. They lived alone with two mestizo servants,” as all their children were married. Maria Paula died a widow on May 23, 1815.” Their known children were: José Julian, born January 31, 1749, who married Maria de Jesus Lucero, June 27, 1772;“ José Maria, born November 12, 1757,” who married Ma ria Ignacia Arcliuletaf" José Mariano, born October 20, 1760;“ Maria Josefa de Jesus, who married Bernardo Antonio Baca of La Cieneguilla in 1781; Maria Josefa, second wife of Manuel Miera y Pacheco; and Maria Ignacia, who married José Maria Baca of La Cieneguilla in 1785. * >'n :le 9'6 * =l< =l< =l< JOSE DE QUINTANA, seventeen, and born in Mexico City, the son of José de Quin tana and Nicolasa de Valdés y Cervantes, married Antonia (Lujan) Dominguez in San ta Fe, May 31, 1696.“ He was still in Santa Fe in 1697,“ but from 1709 on he was living in Bernalillo." By 1722 he had the title of Captain, and was still a resident of Berna lillo when he sold Santa Fe lands that had belonged to his mother-in-law.” His known children were: Juan Manuel, born December 31, 1709,-most likely the man who married Rosalia Garcia Hurtado at Al buquerque in 1731;” Manuela, born June 17, 1707; Juana, May 6, 1711;" and Josefa, men tioned in a land document.“ 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. M-27. Stn. Cruz. Sp. Arc-h.. II, No. 1110b. Bur-34. Stn. Cruz. .\l-25, S. lld.; 1).“, 1772, in Albuq.. no number. B-.'H. Sta. Cruz. GENEALOGY: José Marin Quintana, Marla Jose-fa Quin tana. Desidcrio Roybal, Romualdo Roybal, Nicolasa Roybal, Fr. A. Chixvcz. 21. .\l-2!). Sm. Cruz. I3. Sec. 22. DH, 16516. No. 15. '23. ll)ltl., 1697. No. 3. 2-1. lhId., 1708, No. 3: 1710, No. 9. 23. Sp. Afl’lI., I. Nos. 235, 508, 26. ll-lil, Hi-rn.: l).\l, 1731, no number. 27. Both in ll-III. Item. 28. Sp. ArrlI., I, No. 235. IN THE l’2IGll'l‘I".EN’l‘I[ CENTURY I QUIROS JOSE DE QUIROS, a native of So-mbrercle, came to New Mexico shortly after the Re conquest with his wife, Maria de la Cruz.‘ In 1696he was listed as a widower of Santa Cruz with a son eighteen years of age.” He was living there with Antonio de Armijo in ‘ 1715,“who had married his daughter Maria in 1695.‘ In that same year of 1715 he ran away to the mines of Chihuahua, taking a young grandson, Juan (le Armijo; the youth’s mother was trying to get the boy back.“ It may be’ that the son mentioned in 1696 was actually his son—in—law,Antonio de Armijo, for the Quiros name is not met afterwards. 1. HM, 2. 3. 4. 5. Sn. ArcI|., I, No. 817. lbl(l., N0. 7. DM. loc. cit. Sp. Arch., II, No. 239d. 1653.’), N0. 13.. RAE L (Rael de Aguilar) ALONSO RAEL DE AGUILAR was at Guadalupe del Paso as early as 1683, when he married Josefa (Ana) Garcia de Noriega on October 24.‘ He was a native of the City of Lorca in Murcia? He took part in both Reconquest Entradas of 1692 and 1693, his name appearing in so many documents as Secretary of Government and War, Lieuten ant General, Alcalde of Santa Fe, and Pro teetor of the Indians, as to defy quoting countless sources? In 1697 he had been a mayordomo of La Conquistadora for Vargas.‘ He died on April 10, 1735, and was buried in the Conquistadora chapel; his wife followed him on August 12 of the same year.5 Their known children were: Alonso II, Eusebio,Juan, Antonia, Francisca, who mar ried Felix Sénchez, and Feliciana, wife of Juan Garcia de la Riva. One son, Eusebio, seems to have remained a bachelor all his life, although he could have had a wife and family about whom nothing is known.“ He served as an Alférez with his father in the Moqui campaign of 1716. In 1720he was stationed with the guard at La guna Pueblo.’ A servant of his died at Albu querque in January, 1729.“In 1733 he is men tioned with his brothers and sisters.” Another son, Iuun, twenty-four in 1723 and twenty-seven in 1727, is then mentioned as a resident of Santa Fe,” but is not heard of again. Alonso Rael de Aguilar II, often referred to as “El Mozo,” followed in his father’s steps as a military figure. In 1715he was involved in a serious case when he stabbed a soldier fatally and then sought sanctuary in various mission churches.“ In 1745 he made his last will, in which he stated that he was a native of New Mexico who had lived in Santa Fe for forty-eight years. His first wife was Tomasa Montoya, mar ried eighteen years when she died, by whom he had the following six children: Alonso III, Josefa, Francisca-, Manuela, Margarita (died when five), and Julian Lorenzo. He had been married a second time, for eighteen years also, to Mclchora de Sandoval Martinez, by whom he had two children, Tomasa and José.” Tomasa Montoya had died on May 20, 1727, and was buried near the altar of La Conquistadora.” Alonso then married Mel chora at her home (because she was ill) on February 9, 1729.” He died on May 15, 1745; Melchora lived on until October 21, 1783.” Both Alonso and his father left behind a rep utation of heavy gamblers.” Of his children, Alonso III went to study [263] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES in New Spain in 1750,” and is not heard 01 again; Joscfa married Juan Manuel Sandoval in 1733;“ Francisco became the wife of Juan Gonzalez in 1747;” Maazuelamarried Baltasar Baea (q.v.); Julidn, Lorenzo married Teresa Gonzalez, and died on January 24, 1799, at the age of seventy-two,” and Feliciana, not 1. ls! M-Book. Guadalupe del Paso, Bandelier Notes. 2. AGN, Mex" Inq.. t. 735. I. 230. 3. E. g.: Sp. Arch.. 1. Nos. 31. 769: II, Nos. 250. 297a. 382: Crespo. par. 253: DM, 1691, No. 4; B-H, III, p. 336: Vargas Journals. etc. 4. OLC, pp. 19, 25. 5. Buf~-18. Sta. Fe. 6. More than 21generation later, when all the principals were long dead. Eusebio was accused of tathering Cristobal and Ni guel de Chaves by Antonia Baca, wife of Antonio D. y Chaves (llSN.\l. no number). 7. 8. 9. Sp. Ax-ch.. II. No. 311: NMHR, Vol. VI, No. 2. p. 212. Bun--2. Album. Sp. Arc-h.. 11. Nos. 239j. 382. mentioned in her l21ther’s will, had married Salvador Martin in 1743.“ Of the two children by the second wife, "Tomasomarried Salvador de Ribera in 1747,“ while José (Pablo) married Maria Barbara Baea; he enlisted as a soldier in 1759 when twenty—five years of age.” 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 1).“. 1723, No. 5: 1727, No. 5. Sp. Al'('h.. II. No. 239]. Iblil., I, No. 763. Bur-~18, Sta. Fe. 31-50, Sta. Fe; DM, 1728, No. 3. Bur-48 and 49. Stu. Fe. Sp. Arch.. I, No. 31. lbld. M-50. Sla. Fe, May 10. Ihld.. Jan. 20. Bur-2. Albuq. .\I-50. Sin. Fe, April 25. lbId., July 17. 23. Sp. A1-ch.. I, No. 1207; II, Nos. 841, 855; HSNM, Mil. Papers. RAMIIREZV Gregorio Ramirez, twenty, a native of Zaca tecas and soldier of Guadalupe del Paso, married Maria Friesqui in Santa Fe in 1696.‘ He died in 1715.’ Nicolés Ramirez, twenty-five, also a native of Zacatecas, the son of Jose Ramirez, de 1. 2. ceased, and Maria Pineda, married Isabel de la, Rea Gaitdn in 1696.“He was living at San ta Cruz in this same year.‘ He worked as a laborer in 1610 during the reconstruction of San Miguel Chapel in Santa Fe.5 Felipa Ramirez, sister of Nicolds and Lo renzo Ramirez, was the wife of an Antonio Pacheco of Santa Fe.” 4. 5. DH, 1696. Nov. 2. Sn. An-IL. II. No. 23921. 3. DM, 1696. No. 1. 6. 511. Arch” 1. No. 817. Kubler. D. 1.8. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 1222. RAMOS Iuun Antonio Ramos, eighteen or twenty and a native of Salvatierra, appeared as a witness in 1694.“He had known Diego Ve lasco of Guadiana for eleven years? He gave his parents as Juan Ramos and Sehastiana de San Antonio when he married Catalina Jiirén in Santa Fe in 1694.” He died in 1715,his widow at this time be ing :1Maria Cmiseco.‘ .12. tm. mm. mm. 5. M. 2. . 31. ILIIL. No. 315. [254] Nicolas Ramos, a resident of Santa Cruz, was dead by 1706 when his widow, Ana Ro driguez, or Reinoso, was mentioned as being forty-four years old. She was also known as “La Rana,” and they had a daughter, An tonia.“ Ana do Reinoso, a widow eighty years old, died on May 24, 1727.“ 4.. 89. Arrim. 11, Nos. man. 5. A!‘-‘N. Mm'—. lmI—. L 133. 6. Hm’-43. mg. Fe. 252%., 1. 2%.’, IN ’.l‘III'}EIGlI'l'l'}lu'N’I‘ll CENTURY REANO (Riaﬁo) JOSE DE REANO was in New Mexico as early as 1732, married to Maria Roybal, wi dow of Miguel de Arehibeque.‘ He made his last will in Santa Fe, April 15, 1743, in which he said that he was born in the Villa de San tillana in the Mountains of Santander, the son of Jaeinto de Reaﬁo and Teresa de Tagle Bustamante. (Hence, it appears that he was closely related to Governor Bustamante and came to Santa Fe in his household.) He had been married to Maria Roybal for fifteen years, by whom he had one son, José. His brother-in-law, the Vicar Roybal, was named an executor with Reafio’s concuﬁo, Juan J osé Moreno.’ Tia Manuela, March 22, 1758; and Ana Maria Josefa, December 26, 1759.“ Around the year 1759,Jose was thrown off his horse, and later lost his mind as a result. While held in custody inside the Santa Fe Presidio because of his dementia early in 1763,he escaped after midnight of February 20, taking along a youth, Antonio Matias Or tiz, who was his Wife’s cousin, four genizaros, and some army horses, The following July a Nataje ehieftain reported to the Alcalde of Galisteo that he had found the human re mains of two espaﬁoles and three genizaros out on the bison plains. Arrowheads were found among the remains.“ His widow married Felipe Rojas y Sando val on July 13, 1755.3 Iosé Reafio II married Ana Maria Ortiz on June 14, 1747,‘ by whom he had three chil dren: Antonio J osé J oa-quin, July 4, 1756;Ma 1. Sp. Arch., II, No. 373. 2. lbld.. I. No. 963. 3. M-50. Sta. Fe. Riaﬁo is the correct spelling, but the name is spelled with an e in eighteenth-century documents. The name survives only among San Felipe and Santo Domingo Indians who adopted it, and they now pronounce it “Rey no.” 4. lhld. 5. All in B, Sta. Fe. 6. Sp. A1-ch., II, No. 557; Bancroft, NMO, 1763. RENDON FRANCISCO RENDON was thirty-two years old in 1711 and living in Santa Fe} He twice bought and sold land there between 1721 and 1739.2 He participated as a soldier in the Moqui carnpaign of 1719 when he proved himself most useful as an interpreter 1. DM, 1711, No. 5. 2. Sn. Arch., 1, Nos. 743. 748. 839, 957. 3. NMHR. Vol. VI. No. 2. PD. 190, 218. 4. AC1, Eacrlbanla, of Indian languages} a proficiency also noted years later, in 1732 and 1737.‘ His wife was Catalina Maese, who died on May 20, 1751:"A step—daughter was a Simona Antonia Dominguez." Francisco himself died on March 18, 1757.’ 5. Bur-45. Stu. Fe. 6. leg. 239, No. 6755; Bancroft, NMO. 1737. Sn. Arrh.. 1, Nos. 8351, G80. 7. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. RESENES Isidro Resenes, of San Luis Potosi, married Maria Antonia Benavides, December 2, 1761.‘ 1. M-50. Sin. Fe. [265] 6 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES RIBA Manuel George de la Ribct Solar was a na tive of El Real de Santa Eulalia who came to the Rio Abajo district and there married a Maria Josefa Escobedo, daughter of Jose Es cobedo, deceased, and Teresa Garcia, in 1763.‘ José Maria dc la Riba was second in com mand at San Elzeario del Paso in 1799-1800, and came up to Sabinal with troops at this time.’-' 1. 2. 1).“, 176'}. in A1huq.. no number. Sp. ;\r('h., ll. Nos. 1-101, 1506. RIBERA wife of Antonio Romero; Francisco del Cas tillo, not heard from in twelve years; Josefa del Castillo, twenty years old; and Maria del Castillo, wife of Felipe Nereo Cisneros. The last two girls had been living with the Igna cio Roybal family for the past three years.” Josefa married José Manuel Apodaca at Ja cona on June 21, 1733, and died four years in 1728.2 His known children by Juana Romero later in Santa Fe.” VVhenRibera’s estate was probated, a Ma were: Francisco Antonio, July 6, 1710;“ Fe ria de Leyba, or Maria de Piﬁa Dias de Brito lipa, who married Francisco Martin of Chi (if the same person) was mentioned as the mayo in 1721;‘ and Maria Antonia,.wife of mother of these Castillo people.” Moreover, Salvador Varela. “Maria de Leyba y Mendoza” had appeared * * * * * * >l= * in a land-suit with Francisco de Ribera in 1706.“ And again, in 1737, “Maria de Piﬁa” FRANCISCO AFAN DE RIBERA BETAN was mentioned as the mother of Francisco ZOS was living in Santa Cruz in 1718.5He Xavier del Castillo.” But at no time is Fran appears to be the Francisco de Ribera who cisco de Ribera referred to as husband or was Alcalde of Santa Cruz in 1705,“and is in father. all likelihood the Francisco de Betanzos who It seems as though this “Maria” of the came with his widower father and younger many surnames was the “Maria de Carvajal” brother in 1693, (See Betanzos.) A merchant who came with her husband, José Cortes del by profession, he figured in a trial for assault Castillo in 1693.After having these children, and battery in 1724 when his stores of goods and after her husband’s death, she could were embargoed; here it was mentioned that have married Francisco Afan de Ribera Be he was an original settler of Santa Cruz, and, tanzos. Or she could be the grandmother of though not married, had a large family to the Castillos, Ribera having married her eld support.’ est daughter, Andrea, for example. Whatever For some reason he left New Mexico and died in Nucva Vizcaya sometime before 1728, the solution, these three girls, from whom later prominent families descended, belonged perhaps on a trading trip. He left an estate to the ill—fatcdCortes families that settled in at Santa Cruz which was to be divided among the Santa Cruz country. the following “heirs”: Nicolasa del Castillo, JUAN DE RIBERA, son of Juan de Ribera and Luisa de Ocanto, came to New Mexico with the Reconquest, or shortly after, resid ing in Albuquerque in 1710,when he married Juana Romero.‘ He died prior to 1721, and his widow then married Cristobal Gallegos [266] IN THE l‘}lG1I’l'El'3NTll CENTURY SALVADOR MATIAS DE RIBICRA was born in Puerto de Santa Maria in Spain, and was twenty years old in 1695.’-"Recruited at Zacatecas by Juan Paez Hurtado, he had ar rived in Santa Fe in 1695 with his wife and family. Her name was Juana dc Sosa Ca nela.“ In 1704he lost his Vargas grant in the center of Santa Fe through a law-suit, and by 1713, his widow and son were after other grants in the Torreon de la Ciénega section of Santa Fe.” Iuan Miguel do Ribera was dead by 1770.” Ilis widow, Manuela Olguin, married José Miguel 'l‘afoya."“ He had made his will in 1769, stating that in four years of marriage he and Manuela had two children, Juana An tonia and Miguel de Jesus.“ Salvador de Ribercxmarried Tomasa Rael de Aguilar on June 17, 1747.“ He gave his age as seventy in 1790,being then married to Juana Abeyta.” Their only known child was Juan Felipe. Juan Felipe de Ribera was twenty-two years old and married in 1716,when he stated that he had been born in Zacatecas,” so that he was about four years old when his parents came to Santa Fe. He was a soldier all his life, and a charter officer of Our Lady of Light.” He died on October 1, 1767,” leaving his widow, Maria Estela Palomino Rendén, and several sons and daughters. By 1770, when their mother was seventy years old, there were seven children living, out of fif teen. Ten children, as found in records, are as follows: Vicente, fourteen years old when killed by Apaches “en el monte,” May, 1743;” Francis ca, who died while a girl, December 22, 1737, and was buried in the Conquistadora cha pel;”° Lorenza, who married Pablo Antonio Baca on May 24, 1743;“ Maria de Loreto, wife of Juan Antonio Ortiz;” Juliana, married to José Rodriguez,“ Juan Miguel, Salvador, An tonio, Luis, and José.“ Luis (Felipe) enlisted as a soldier in 1757.“ Of these sons, three married as follows: DM, 1710, No. 10. I)“. loc. cit Sp. Arch., II. No. 298. Ibld., I. No. 401. Ibid., 11, No. 330. lbld., No. 335. B-10. Nnmbé, M. Sec.; Bur-48, Sin. Fe, Dec. 13. 10. Sp. Arr-h., Inc. clt. . 11. lhld., I, No. 40]. 12. AG], Escrllmnin. leg. 239, No. 6769. DM, 1695, No. 13. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 491: 1).“. 1696, No. 9. lhld.. 1. Nos. 181, 481, 162, 491. DM. 1716, Nn. '2. 17. lbld.: Sp. An-h.. II, No. 162: 18. Bur-48, Sta. F0. 19. Ihlxl. 20. lbld. 21. M-50. Sta. Fe. Bancroft. N310, his wife as forty. A son, twenty—six and sin gle, was living with them.” Antonio died February 27, 1794,” and his wife followed, June 22, -1810,leaving four surviving chil dren.“ Their known children were: Matias, born March 7, 1750, who married Juliana de la Per”1a;~‘~" Maria Josefa, born March 6, 1752; Vi terbo, March 11, 1754; Manuel Antonio, June 29, 1756,“ who married Josefa Labadia, April 28, 1783;" Antonio José, born January 8, 1759, and who died November 30, 1765;“ San tiago Francisco, November 30, 1760; Nicolasa Maria, September 12, 1748; Marria Rosalia, November 5, 1762; and Julian Rafael, April 13, 1765." Jose and Matias enlisted as soldiers in 1779.3“ 25. Sp. Arch., loc. cit. 5—"’P°.‘*'9‘F-":"‘.‘*’.'°!‘ NMIIR. Vol. X. Nn. 3. p. 188. and Graciana were very active members of the Conquistadora Confraternityf” He was nineteen when he enlisted as a soldier of Santa Fe; still listed at the Presidio in 1790, he gave his age as sixty-eight, and that of 22. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 793. 23. Hill]. 21. llnld. 21:1. ll.s‘2\’.\l. Mil. Papers. lhId., 1721, Nos. 1.14; M-3, Albuq., Aug. 16. I!-2, Albuq. 13. 14. '5. In. Antonio de Riberczmarried Graciana (Pru dencia) Sena on December 24, 1745.” He bought land in Santa Fe in 1762,and both he 1732; 26. Xbld., No. 793. 27. lhid., N0. 788. 28. 31-50. Sm. Fe. 29. Twit. Cnll., No. 1751. 30. M-50, Sin. I-‘r-: w-imlns, April 18, 1746. 31. Sp. Arch., I, No. 773: AASI-‘. Bk. XXIV. '.!. Twit. (.'n|l., Inc. (‘It.; HS.\'.\l. Mil. Papers. '1. Bur-5|, ('u.sIr(-nsc. -1. Bur-50. Sta. Fe. 5. I!-62. Sm.Ortiz. F:-; .\l—.’$l.(‘nstrrnct-, Jan. 6. 1754‘-,her re-mnr vv in l‘:~«Irn :u:. The ihr:-0 In II-G2. Sin. Fe. 37. M-5|, (‘nstn-ns'¢-. GENEALOGY: I\lnmn~I Antonio Rlln-rn, Maria (‘.u.'ul.'1lupeRibcrn. Dolores Ainrld. Rnniunldo Roy hal, N|1'u|:1s.1 llnyhnl. I-‘r. I\i:Iria A. (Th.’I\'v7.. 38. B-62 and llur-48, Sta. Fe. 39. All in B-62. Sta. Fe. 3911.HSNM. loc. cit. [267] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Juan de Ribera, living in Pojozique, and a member of the Conquistadma Confratcrnity in 1715,‘“’cannot be placed in the preceding categories for lack of data. He was already married to Maria Garcia de Noriega in 1702 (too old to he the son of Salvarlor Matias dc Rihern), and was also mentioned as an uncle of Maria (Gricgo) Bernal.“ Hence he be longed in some way to the Ribera family of the preceding century. 40. OLC. p. 72. '11. AASI-‘, N0. 15; Sp. Arch., 1, Nos. 518, 291. RINCON Antonio Rincén de Guemes, the son of Don Andrés, thirty-six, and born in Mexico City, was tall and swarthy, with an aquiline face and large eyes. He signed up for the 1693 colony, with his wife, Antonia de Valenzuela. She was twenty-eight, the daughter of Juan, and also born in Mexico City, having an aquiline face and a sharp nose. Their three children, all born in Mexico City, were: José, eight, having a round, red dish face, large eyes, and a broad nose; Ma ria, five, with a round face, big eyes and forehead; and Manuel, one year old, dark, with large eyes and forehead, and a small nose.‘ A certificate made out at the Cathedral of Mexico, April 15, 1693, testified to the fact of their previous -marriage? A José Rlincén sold some land in Santa Fe in 1755.3 1. 2. 3. Sn. Ar('h.. II. No. 54:2. DM, 1693. No. 3; 1691, No. 4. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 550. RODARTE de Rodczrte was Santa Cruz in 1713.3In 1703 he and his wife, among the new settlers of Santa Cruz in 1696.1 Perhaps he is the man of the same name in the Valverde campaign against the Francisco. Garcia, were mentioned as resi dents of that place.‘ A suit was filed against Cristobal (or Xavier?) him in Santa Fe in 1702.5 Utes and Comanches in 1719.’ Baltuscxr Rodcrrte, thirty-six, was living at . . Sp. Arch., 1, No. 817. Bancroft. N510. 1719. . Sp. Arch... 11. Nos. 37. as. RODRIGUEZ ALONSO RODRIGUEZ VARELA (or Car cay) returned to Santa Fe with his wife, Juana de Valencia, in Reconquest times. In 1703 she was accused of sorcery.‘ Their known children were: Micaela de la ~Rosa, who married Juan de Estrada? Juana, who married Antonio Velasquez? Rosa, and [268] Antonio." A son, not named, was the husband of a Juana Cortes." 3|! * * * * * IF I1 JOSE RODRlGUEZ was born in Santa Maria la Real de Nicva, bishopric of Segovia, and was living at Santa Cruz in 1696, when ll\.’ he gave his age as forty—six."'lle had signed up with the colonists of 1603 as the son of Juan, forty years old, and a native of Santa Maria Real de Nieva; and was described as of medium height, with a round face, a broad nose, and a large number of moles on the face. His wife was Maria de Samano, twent_y eight, the daughter of Juan and a native of Mexico City. She was dark, with big eyes and a small, sharp nose. They brought along three children, all born in the City of Mexico: Gertrudis, six, with large eyes and forehead, a small nose, and chestnut hair; Juan Antonio, four, with a round, ruddy face, large eyes, and a small nose; and Juana, two, same description as her brother.’ José Rodriguez married again. He and his second wife, Maria Lopez Conejo, sold some Santa Fe property in 1718. They had a son, José Antonio, mentioned as a brother to Ger trudis and Juan Antonio.“ Juan Antonio Rodriguez, Captain, had been married to Francisca Fernandez de la Pedrera for four years," when he made his last will in 1738.They had no children, but he mentioned two natural sons of his, Francisco Xavier and Marcos. Executors of the will were his Fer nandez father-in-law, his wife, and his bro ther José Antonio; he also mentioned his sis ter Gertrudis.” He was buried in the Con quistadora chapel on January 2, 1738.“ Iosé Antonio Rodriguez, the son by Maria Lopez Conejo, was married to Juana Ger trudis de ‘Tapia, who died on May 24, 1727; their baby, Juana Gertrudis, seventeen days old, died on June 9.” He then married Ge rénima Montario, August 4, 1730.” She died on December 11, 1760.“ * =1! * FRANCISCO * * RODRIGUEZ * * '1' ll H I‘) l (1 H '|' l". I‘) N '1‘ ll (7 1'} N 'l‘ U H Y it, for in 1715 he was rt-si<lin_r§al. Guadalupe del Paso, when he said that he. was born in Mexico City." :1: =14 :k =1: =1: * =1: * Lorenzo Rodriguez, a soldier of Guadalupe del Paso and native of Zacatecas, was twenty years old in 1697.“ He married Teresa Gar cia (Lopez Olguin), born in the Rio Abajo of unknown parentage. His own parents were Nicolas Rodriguez and Angela Ortega, both deceased.” In 1712he purchased land in San ta Fe.” Their daughter Ana married José Mares in Santa Fe in 1716.2‘ Nicolas Rodriguez was among the 1696 set tlers of Santa Cruz with Agustin Rodriguez, the latter’s wife, Nieolasa Ortiz, and their daughter." His wife was Maria (Lopez) de Tapia. Ap parently they moved down to Socorro del Paso, where two of their children were mar ried: Tomasa to Juan Olguin in 1715,93and Marcial (vaquero for the Governor) to Juana Ignacia Mendez, whose parents were farming for the Governor at El Paso del Norte.“ Agustin Rodriguez, just mentioned with his Ortiz wife and daughter at Santa Cruz, was born in Zacatecas and reared there with a Cristobal Rodriguez, who married Teresa de la Cruz.“ Cristobal Rodriguez was born in Zacatecas, the son of Juan Rodriguez and Isabel de la Cruz, both deceased. His first wife had died there in 1694; now at Santa Fe, in 1695, he married Teresa de la Cruz, native of San Luis Potosi, and widow of Nicolas Rodri guez.” * MCALERO, a soldier and armorer in Santa Fe, married Geronima Baca in 1698. He had left Mexico City on June 1 of that year with Governor Cubero, who testified to his freedom to mar ry.” In 1704 he killed a certain Luisa Gomez de Arellano,“" and was most likely exiled for Nicolds Rodriguez and the above Teresa de la Cruz had a daughter, Maria de la Rosa, who married Antonio de Herrera y Sandoval in 1703.At this time her mother (re-married in 1695) was also dead.’-'7 The five families in this section, as can be [269] ()lll(llNS 01*‘ NEW Ml'IXlC(.) l"Al\’lILIF.S discerned, were people of low quality, re cruited in a hurry at 7'..'1<'ale(:as,or brought up by ollicials as family servants, :1: =!< =1: :1: :1: :|: :1: :1: MANUEL RODRlGUEZ, twcnty—seven, the son of Juan, was born in Mexico City at the Calle del Reloz, and joined the 1693 colonists with his wife, Maria de la. Encarnacion. He was tall, with a round face, large eyes, and a sharp nose. She was the daughter of Anto nio de Palacios, and born in Mexico City at the Alameda; her complexion was dark, her face pock—marked, and she had circles under the eyes. Manuel was a tailor.” were involved in sorcery trials in Santa Fe in 1706;" She xvas :1 mcnihr'r of the Conquis tadora Con[ratcrni1.y.“" Sebastian had prop erty in Santa Fe, both by grant and by pur chase, and he continued as official drummer even as late as 1704 when Vargas died.” Known children of his were. Melchor and Esteban. Melchor Rodriguez married a woman by the name of Clara dc Villarcat (or Almazdn, or de los Reyes) 5" He bought land in Santa Fe in 1738, and was co-owner with his brother Esteban of other properties. As a child he was also connected with the hex practices just mentioned. His was one of the first twelve SEBASTIAN RODRiGUEZ was Vargas’ ' families that settled the village of Trampas.-*5 Both he and his wife were sponsors in 1736.” drummer and town crier, or herald.” He said She died lr1lAp1‘il, 1752, and her estate was he was fifty in 1692 (and forty in 1694), a probated the following year, when Melchor native of Rio Llanero, San Pablo de Loanda, was mentioned as already re—married."° in Guinea (Africa), the son of Manuel Rod Their known children were: Bernardina, riguez and Maria Fernandez, both jungle who died single on June 2, 1734;“ Pedro Fe Negroes of Loanda. On one occasion Sebas lipe, mentioned in his mother’s estate; and tian was referred to as “de nacién moreno,” Joaquina, wife of Juan José de Argiiello.” evidently a euphemism for “colored” in those * =l< =2: :1: * =11 * * days.“ He had arrived at Guadalupe del Paso prior to 1689 with Governor Reneros de Po sada, under whom he served for three years.-"“ In 1692 he asked to marry Antonia Naranjo, but she refused because of a rumor that he was already married. Here Sebastian was re ferred to as “ole nacién Angola.”“2 However, he did succeed in marrying a widow, Isabel Olguin, who was dead by 1697,when he mar ried Juana de la Cruz, or Apodaca, in Santa Fe on May 12.“ This Juana and her family AGN, Mt-x.. Inq.. L 735. I. 306. mi. 1694. No. 14. lhId., 1705. Nos. 2, 5, 6. ]b|d., N0. 6. ll)id., No. 1. lhid., 1695, No. 1; 1696, No. 8. Sn. A|'(‘h., II. No. 54c; BNM, leg. 4, Pt. 1. PD. 790-795. Sp. An-h.. II, Nos. 939, 756. Married. Sept. 1, 1733 (M-3, Allmq.). 0. Sp. /lrrII.. I, No. 756. 1. nur--ix. sm. Fe. ‘ ‘.3. lhld. '. M-50. Sin. F4‘. -.I Bur--I8. Stn. Fe. 1 . IL“, 11393, No. 5. 6. Sp. Ar:-h., I, No. 9511. 17. l).\l. 17I.’i, No. 7. "1 I-4;-‘—*_~|H|-4|-4‘.".‘(11-lO':’U"lAL.7l\3l--| 18. lhl«l.. 1697, No. 4. 1!). lh|I|.. 1ti!)(':, No. (i. ' ‘.313.Sn. Art-lI.. I. No. 733. 231. DM. 1716, No. 9. 211. Sn. Ar('lI.. I, No. 817. 215. 1).“. 1715, No. 2. [270] Esteban Rodriguez succeeded his father as military drummer, and as such took part in the Moqui campaign of 1716.” He was also mentioned as official pregonero in 1732.“ As late as 1757, the entire Spanish garrison of Santa Fe petitioned the Governor to recall Esteban to active service, in order to teach a successor the art of drumming.‘-" In 1734 he had kidnapped a housewife of Santa Cruz, but the woman, Antonia Quintana, soon was returned to her husband.“"’ . lh|(l.. 1717, N0. 1. lhld., 1695, No. 20. 26: mm. L313 Lin’. ‘.17. ll)iil.. 1703. No. 2. ‘.28.Sp. An-h.. II. No Ste: BI\'.\l, leg. 4. Pt. 1, pp. 700-795. .311.El l'al:u-In, Vol. . No. pp. 131-138. 30. 1).“. 1692. No. . 1694, No. 32; 1697, No. 7; 1698. N0. 6. 31. Ilild-. 1685), NO. 2. 3'2. llllxl. 31!. lInI«l.. 1697. No. 7. .’H. A(:.\'. Inc. (‘II.. t. 735. rr. 277-279. 292-295: AASF. No. .15. :13. ()l.(‘, p. 67: for her fateful life. See Apudm-n. Mlnvsc, Mon lnﬂo. .'\G. Sp. Arrh.. I. Nos. .102, 730; II, Nos. 9»|n. 1028. 37. HIIIL. I. Nos. 737, 5160. I151.lh|d.. Nu, 975. Ill‘. “-21. N. lltl.. M.'I_\' 10. till. Sp. /\l'l'||.. I. No. 1015!. ‘ll. Bur--IR. Sin. I"!-. 412. Sn. An-h.. Ina‘. rlt. <13. "PIIL. H, No. ':.'.o. ‘H. Bxuwrolt, NMO. 1732. ‘I5. Sp. I\l'(‘|l., II, No. 538. 46. lhld.. No. 400. YN TIIIC l".l(}ll'l‘l'2l'IN'l'll (Tl".N'I‘Ull.Y ROMERO ('Scventccnth—Century New Mexico Family) FRANCISCO ROMERO DE PEDRAZA gave his age as forty-eight at Guadalupe del Paso in 1683, and as fifty—nine in Santa Fe at the time of the Reconquest.‘ He was Alcalcle of Santa Fe the following year when he said that he was sixty; in 1699 his age was given as sixty-five.‘-’He belonged to the Confrater nity of La Conquistadoraﬁ In 1698, Graciana, an eighteen~year-old daughter of his, and of his wife Francisca Ramirez de Salazar, married Cristobal de Arellano.‘ Diego Romero de Pedrazc: remained at Guadalupe del Paso with his wife, Isabel de Gracia. He was dead by 1715, when their daughter Gerénima, fourteen years old, mar ried her first cousin, Dionisio (Gonzalez) de Escalante, soldier of Guadalupe del Paso.-‘ Pascual, killed as a youth “by an arrow,” No vember 20, 1744;” and Tadeo, who married Antonia Duran y Chaves, March 20, 1751.“ Antonio Romero de Pedruza married Nico lasa del Castillo on April 30, 1726.” He was, perhaps, a son of Francisco Romero de Pe draza. His residence and property were at La Cieneguilla, south of Santa Fe, in which general area his immediate descendants lived. Antonio died on November 19, 1736,” and his widow, who had married Miguel Ortiz, died a widow on January 8, 1783.” Their children were: Juana, wife of Nico lés Chaves, and then of Cristobal Montoya?" Maria, who married Juan Antonio Baca;‘° Miguel, husband of Rosa Montoya;” and Do mingo.” BaltcxsczrRomero was twenty—six years old Matias Romero, son of Bartolomé Romero and Luisa Varela,° returned in 1693 with at least his mother and a sister, Juana; this girl married Juan de Ribera at Albuquerque in 1710,when their father Bartolomé was men tioned as dead.’ Matias was, therefore, a ne phew of the foregoing Francisco Romero de Pedraza. His name appears in civil docu ments in conjunction with that of a son, Tadeo.“ ‘ His wife was Angela Vallejo, widow of Mi guel Lucero, by whom he had these children: Rosalia, who :married Lugardo Vallejo in 1730;” Quiteria, wife of Nicolas Montaﬁo; DM, 1683, No. 2; 1693. No. 8. Il»ld., 1694. Nos. 23, 27; 1699. No. 1. 01.0, p. 69. l).\l. 1698. No. 2. lhld., 1715, No. 4. I Relationship in l).\l, 1771, In Albuq., no number. lhlll.. 1710. N0. 10. Sp. Arch., 1. No. 751: II. No. 746. . ‘°?'°.*‘57‘f-'"‘:“?’!°!" l\l—3, A|lmq.. May 10. 10. Bur-2. Alhuq. 11. M-11, Islvtu. GENEALOGY: Tm]:-n Rom:-ro. Marla Man ueln Romero, Jose Chavez I. Jose Chavez II. EUBCMOCh3"€Z Fnbmn Chavez. Fr. A. Chlivcz. in 1699,when he stated that he was a native of New Mexico and a resident of Bernalillo.” He married Francisca Géngora on January 22, 1703.“ In 1732 he bought some land in Taos in favor of his brothers and sisters, Juan José, Ana Maria, Antonia, and Domingo Ma riano, signing the deed with his sons, Felipe and Pedro.“ His known children were: Gregorio, born May 7, 1704;” Maria Gregoria, January 19, 1707; Felipe de Santiago, May 7, 1709;” Joséf“ and Pedro, mentioned above with his brother Felipe. ' A Baltasar Romero and wife Josefa de Herrera had a son, Pedro, born at Guadalupe 12. )I-29, Sta. Cruz; DM, 1726, No. 2. Incomplete; Sp. Arch., II. No. 235. 13. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 1-1. Bur-49. Sm. Fe. 13. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 776. 16. See ('nln-zn (Iv Bnen. 1?. Sn. Ar('h.. I, No. 779. 18. lhhl., Nos. 776, 1003. 19. DM, ](il)5J. N0. 2. 20. “-13. lh'rn.. M. SOC. 21. “Itch (TUIL. BOX 2. No. 51. 2'2. “-111. Born. 23. Both in B-2, Albuq. 2!. Sit. Arc-h., I, No. 765. {271] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO 1*‘/\l»’[1LllCH del Paso in l(i99,”"but this was most likely a different man----unless it was an Andres Ro mero later living at Taos with a wife of the same name. dc Ocunlo. A daughter, l’rz.s'ciuLtu,was born in Bernalillo on April 7, and baptised in 0.1: trcmis on April 11, 17()2."7A grown daughter, /l_(}i(s1.ina_marri('(l Mateo lVlz'n'qucz in this same year;-'-" and in 1714, a son Diego, mar Andrés Romero and Josefa de Herrera were living in Taos, where a son, It'll;/ital, was born on September 19, 1717,and a girl, Clara Rosa, in 1722.’-"‘ Salvador Romero, a native of New Mexico, returned in 1693 with his wife, Maria Lopez ried Joscfa de Medina of Santa Cruz.” Several other Romcros, men and women, who appear in civil and church documents in the first quarter of this century, cannot be identified or classified for lack of more ex plicit data. 2.’). B. Gund. del Pnsn (Juarez). 26. B-45, Tues. 27. B-13, Bern. 2S. 1).“, 1702, No. 3; Sp. Arch., II, No. 91c. 29. D.\[, 1714, N0. 3. ROMERO (Others) Iosé Antonio Romero was a native of Car mona, and twenty years of age in 1696,when a soldier in Santa Fe.‘ Nothing more is known about him. Alonso Romero, a native of Scvilla, married Maria Gomez Roblcdo at Guadalupe del Paso, September 2, 1693,but he was found to be a bigamist and the marriage was an nulled.” He had two still—born children by her, and did not return to New Mexico after his trial in Mexico City.“ Iuan Romero, Alférez and miller, joined the 1693 colonists at Zacatecas with his wife, Maria de Avila. He ran away from the col ony, and very likely did not reach New Mex ico.‘ Iucm Luis Rionuevo, origin unknown, mar ried Maria Romero, widow of Juan Antonio Lopez, in 1736:" Because of family connec tions, he is otherwise referred to as “Ro mero.” His second marriage was with Tcrcsa , Rodri_quoz /lrgiiello, July 17, 1757.“ DIEGO ROMERO, not a true Romero, but the son of Alonso Cadimo, who had lived in the Felipe de Romero estancia before the 1680 Rebellionf returned to New Mexico with his wife, Maria dc San José. He established him self at Taos where he acquired considerable land and the title of tcniente. He had three children by his first wife: Francisco Xavier, Juan, and Ana lllariaf‘ In 1735,June 14, he married Barbara Mon toya," but died soon after.” Of his three chil dren, Francisco married lvlonica Martin on September 9, 1737, and had three children, Juan and Juan Andres, dead by 1770, and Maria Antonia, wife of Julian Lujan.“ Ana Maria married Antonio de Atienza, July 1, 1737."-’ =l< 2: =2: * =l= ti: :1: :1: FRANCISCO XAVIER ROMERO was a native of Mexico City, the son of Matias Ro mero and Andrea dc la Cruz, still living at the Barrio del Carmen in Mexico City, when their son came up to Santa Fe in 1693 and married Maria dc la. Cruz, widow of Cristo bnl Dominguez.‘-" He moved to Santa Cruz [272] .-&\.-..'v '‘w\o..1,v-_ .«. IN (Chimayo), where he was a shoemaker and also pra<'i.i('e<l 1ne(licine."' _ln l'7l.") he was tried for killing someone’s o:~:;""for this rea son, and very likely for others far more seri ous, he was exiled to Albuquerque. But in the following year the people of Santa Cruz petitioned the Governor for his return, be~ cause they needed a doctor. In 1728 he was convicted of soliciting a young male patient, a crime evidently committed more than once previously, according to testimonies given.” In his 1728 defense, Francisco mentioned six legitimate children by his wife, Maria de 1).“. 1696. N05. 9, 11. 1md.. 1593, No. 1; 1714, No. 7. mm. Mc.\‘., Inq., 1. 701, 1'1. 319-333. nN.\i. leg. 4. pr. 1, pp. 790-795, 830-834. 'l‘ ll 1'} H l (1 H 'l‘ I‘) I‘) N '1‘ ll (1 In‘ N '1‘ U R Y Ynojos, as well as two natural ones by some one else, llis known children were: llli(.:ael.a, married to Ambrosio do Balbeinci in 1719;" Juana Maria, widow of Juan Antonio Lopez, who married Juan Luis Romero (Rionuevo) in 17.'$ti;’“Santir:-_qo_.husband of Juana Bau tista do Oliden [Oli\'as?]; Berna-rdo; Juan de Dios, married to Efigenia NL'n'iez;“'and Nico lasﬁ-’" These Romero sons and their brother-in law, Juan Luis Romero, were among the first settlers of Truchas.“ 12. )1-27, S. Junn. 13. DH, 1603, No. 10; 1714, No. 1. 1-1. Sp. Ar(‘h., II, No. 330. 15. lbi(l., N0. 239C. 16. lhId., eruft, l\'.\l0, No. 1723.13313,incomplete; the missing 17. ]).\l, 1719, No. 1. 18. See Note 5. lfi. DH, 1717. No. 6. 530.Sn. Arch., I, No. 7'12; II, Nos. 310, 23%. 21. Twit. ($011., No. 4. l\l-29, Sin. Cruz. M-ll, Islam. Sp. Ar('h., I, No. 1002. lh|1l.. Nos. 755, 759; Bancroft, NMO, 1731. 9. .\l-29. Sm. Cnlz. 10. Sp. An-h., Inc. (‘it.. and No. 240. 11. lbld., No. 590: M-27, S. Juan. .°°.“E-7‘§"r'>5"!°!“‘ section in Bun ROMOl JOSE ROMO DE VERA came from the City of Mexico prior to 1731 and settled in Santa Fe.‘ When he made his last will in 1754,he declared as his parents Don Fran cisco Pérez Rome and Doﬁa Petronila de Vera, both deceased. His first wife had been Maria Maldonado y Solis, by whom he had nineteen children (in Mexico City), all now their three children, only one was living, José Manuel? Angela had died on April 13, 1749, and José followed on March 12, 1754.“ Iosé Manuel Romo de Vera married Maria Marta Martin on April 21, 1774." Three dead. known children of theirs were: Juan José, born February 13, 1775; Juan Nepomuceno, His second wife was Angela Valdés, daugh ter of Domingo Valdés and Ana Marquez. Of August 2, 1778; and Maria Antonia, June 29, 1782.“Jose Manuel had enlisted as a soldier, thirty-seven years of age, in 1783.5 1. Bancroft, NMO. 1731. 2. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 1032. 3. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. I 4. .\l—50, Sm. Fe. All in 1!. Sta. F0. 6. HSN.\l. Mil. Papers. .ROYBAL IGNACIO DE ROYBAL Y TORRADO, twenty-one years old, the son of Pedro de Roybal y Torrado and Elena de la Cruz, was a native of Caldas dc Reyes, a few miles south of Co-mpostela, in Galicia, who Came as a soldier of the Reconquest in 1693. On Feb ruary 8, 1694, he married Francisca Game: Robledo.‘ Perhaps a brother of his was a (Santiago) Domingo Roybal, treated at the end of this [273] I. (Bnwmme, France) JEA.\' l_'_ARC2I_E\—'EQUE Antonia Cuucrrcz IL (Culda-s de Reyes, Gaiicio) IGNACIO dc ROYBAL Frizncixca Go'me: Ruhlwir; , MIGUEL de ARCHIE’;-:QUg_ MARI}; RoyB_4L , HI. (Vilhxnueva, Asturias) mcxxro P1-jL_.\'E,z Margarita Gdmcz Robledo IE. (Puerto de Sm. Maria, Andaluciu) SALVADOR M.-\Tf.-\S de RIBERA Juana dc Sosa Caneia _ , H. (Mondoﬁedo, Galicia) JUAN FELIPE RIBERA— MARI:-1 ESTEZ... P.-:Lo:.;;_-:9 MARIA PELAEZ -4 JUAN FERNANDEZ de la PEDRERA 3317- (Caxtilia la Vieja) msciana de la Vega —BER-.\'ARDO l3L'S'l'A.\iANTE y TAGLE MATEO ROYBAL —Gregoria Baca Juan ManuelGubaiddn —ANTONIA JULIANAARCHIBEQUE T**———— ' 31111.(pmce 0, NM,p,,,,,,,e) I JOSEF.-1 BL ST.-LU LVTE FRANCISCA FERNANDEZ-«JEAN BAPTISTE ALARII3 Migue! Gabaldoln— Genrudis Char” MI‘-RIANO ROYBAL—Loreto Ortiz Velasquez 4 . . Enrique Luna Tmbio Luna _ Manum Momﬁo K. JUAN MANUEL ROYBAL—Maria Josefa Quintana {[1 I L4B.‘D!'_1 _:';.___ Jose’ WA {A ALARf— MARI’/1GU.-1D.-ILUPERIBERA ROMUALDO ROYBAL — Monica Gonzdlcz Fubizin Chavez — NICOLASA ROYBAL ' Fr. Ange‘-’:coChjvez A FRENCH, NORTH SPANISH, AND ANDALUCIAN COMBINATION.—The statement that the old Spanish life pattern and bloodstream in New Mexico are Extremeﬁo-Manchego is questioned by some New Mexicans who happen to have a French or North Spanish name or ancestor. Here are three Frenchmen, three northern Spaniards, one North Castilian, and two deep—southSpaniards, all pouring their blood and characteristics down into one family. However potent their contribution, it is absorbed by an immense century-old background, and a vast contemporary millieu, of Extremeﬁo-south Castilian factors, whether these latter folk came directly from Extremadura and Castilla la Nueva, or indirectly through the Canary Islands and the Valley of Mexico. -r fmﬂ G In J Micaela Padilla DEsID:Rro ROYBAL —— MARfA DOLORES AL/amb Baca A-VT DOTJINIQUE JOSFFJ Enturracidn Luna—Jose' Chaves n Eugenio Ch.1'vez—Nicanora ,\~,cO1;,gm; [ MANUEL ALARI’ — Maria Joscfa Ortiz Juana IUUTLIGubaldon _Jgge V. (Pug,-to dc 53¢. _V,_'_ FRANCISCO P.s.Lo:" Jmm _‘ 3T?A IN section. Other brothers and sisters were: Martina, born November 14, 1655; Maria. February 20, 1659; Antonio, May, 1662; and Marcos, January 29, 1665.” Ignacio received land grants in Santa Fe and the San Ildetonso (Jacona) district,“ and was active in Vargas’ campaigns in Recon quest years." He also served most of his life as High Sheriff of the Inquisition.‘ He died I in Santa Fe at the age of “eighty and more years” on July 14, 1756; his widow followed him on March 2, 1763, “more than a hundred years old.’’‘‘Ignacio had belonged to the Con fraternity of La Conquistadora.’ Their children were the following: Maria Manuela, who married Juan de Archibeque in 1719, and then Bernardino de Sena, but had no children by either husband; Maria, wife of Miguel de Archibeque,” then of José Reaﬁo, and later of Felipe de Rojas Sando val; Juana, wife of Juan José Moreno; Elena, who married Juan Manuel Martin in 1731; and the sons: Santiago, Bernardo, Mateo, Ignacio, and Pedro. Santiago de Roybal was sent to Mexico City for his education and chose an eccle siastical career. Ordained by Bishop Crespo of Durango, he was sent to Santa Fe, where soonafter he began serving as his Vicar and Ecclesiastical Judge, in 1730, until the end of his days. For one short period, 1733-1736,he served in the same capacity at Guadalupe del Paso. He died in Santa Fe, just having celebrated Mass, on February 4, 1774.He was the first native priest of New Mexico as well as the first native secular priest and prelate of what is now the United States.” 1. D31, 169-1, No. 1; 1695, N0. 3. 2. I found these entries in extant baptismal books of the Darish of Santa 'l‘om:'is. Cnltlns (le Reyes. in June, 19511. I.l Sp. An-IL. I. Nos. 1136, 1261. ete.; HM. 1701, N0. 7. 4. B-II. in, p. 132; um Santa M-. Vol. III . mt 1'1‘-’-373» 5. 6. 7. 8. guel ANN. M:~.\'.. lnq.. llur--H1. Sin. Fe. ()l.(‘., p. 70; El Pulncto, Vol. 54. No. 1l'l,ip. .'l0'.Z. GENFZALOGY: .\lxu-in du lluyhnl. Juliana Archibeque, Mi ('Za|>al(l:in. Juana Marin (:ah:1l¢l<'m. Tnribin Luna, I\larla 1-in ': ‘naet<’:n Luna. I3 t. 952. II‘. ]-.’M; t. 5.':.'l, exp. {12, 1'. 180. I-‘.\u:cnto Ch{\\'ez, I-‘nhtlm (‘lm\'ez. l)(‘l.'l|ll‘(l account of his life and nilrestry, S5. Nn. H. pp. '.‘.'\l-2.'v'.!. 10. M-‘.3-I, S. II¢l., I. 1'.!. 11. M-27. S. Juan. 12. It-'11, S. Juan; M-25. S. lid. 15!. lbld. 14. Ibld. I-‘r. A. (‘h."u'«-z. I-II l'nlm-In. Vnl. '1‘ ll 1-: ii: I G J] '1' 1') 1-: N '1‘ II C I«: N '1‘ U Ii Y Bernardo do Roybal was born in 1709."’lle lIl1ll'l'lL‘(lM(L7'_(}arilaMarlin, widow of Juan de Padilla, on September 20, 1731.“ Their chil dren were: Ma-ria Margarita, October 19, 1733,who married José Antonio Lopez, June 27, 1758;” Rosa. Maria, May 22, 1739, who married Miguel S2'mche7.,Ma_v23, 1757;” Juan Inocencio, January 6, 1738;" and Tomas.” Bernardo was married a second time to Barbara Pacheco, September 14, 1744,” by whom he had: José Ignacio, who married Manuela Lucero;" José Antonio, March 20, 1750; and Maria Josefa, February 3, 1756.” Mateo de Roybal was born on September 23, 1710.” On December 8, 1734, he married Gregorio, Baca,“ who once was reported by the Padre for cruelty to her Indian ser vants.“ Mateo succeeded to his father's lands at Jacona, as well as the portion belonging to his younger brother Pedro.” Both he and his wife were active members of the Conquista dora Confraternity.” They had the following children: Eugenio, born November 19, 1739;“ Teo dora, November 14, 1741; Matias, March 3, 1743; Santiago José, February 3, 1745,“ who married Gertrudis Ortega, and then Cande laria Benavides in 1781;‘-"" Antonia Dominga, May 18, 1746, adopted by her childless aunt, wife of José Moreno,“ and later married to Juan Antonio Alari; Pedro, March 3, 1748;” Juana, April 5, 1750; Antonio José, lVlarch 18, 1751;” Cornelio, who married Maria Ignacia Pacheco in 1775;” Ambrosio Mariano, De cember 12, 1756, who married Maria Loreto (Ortiz) Velasquez, June 27, 1781;?‘Felix, De cember 2, 1758, who married Maria Josefa 15. Mentionerl with sisters Maria and Rosa as minors in me ther's estate. (Sp. An-h., I, No. 530.) 16. 31-27, S. Juan. 17. ll-2-I. N. lld.. hunt. nf ehilrl, Mar. 27, 1780. .13, llnth in 11-24, S. Ild. 1!). .\l-27. S. Ild., B. Sec. '__'II.M-ﬁll. Stu. Fe: Sp. /\l'l‘ll., 1, No. 101. ‘.31. Sp. Ar:-|I.. II, Nn. 596. 22. IMIL. 1, Nn. ]'_‘Gl. ‘.155./\A.'~'l-‘. Banks LXXIX, LXXX. ‘.31. llnr-16. Nmnlu‘-. 1!. SN‘. LIT».'|'he.<I' three In ll-21. S. llil. '16. lI.\l. 1731. no number. ‘J7. ll«'.!|. S. II«l.; Hp. i\relx.. 1. Nn. 55'). 23. ll-Ill. Stu. (‘ruI.. 2!‘. Until In “-24. (in, mi. S. H11. 1775. no number. 211. II-‘.’.vl,S. ll¢l.; M-Z13. Sin. ('lurn. CICNIC/\T.0(IY: Amhrusln Murtnnn IU)_\'l)l|l. .lu:in l\l:Inue| Rn_\'h:il, I):-.<t:tm'in Ruyhnl, lio muatdn Rnylial. Nicnlasn I’.nyh.'il, Fr. A. Ch.’n'e7.. [275] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO 1"/\l\/llI,.ll~JS haps married a local girl, whose name is not known. All that we know is that he died there on March 1, 1777.“ Miera y Pacheco in 1784;” and Iwaria Marta, February 20, 1763, who becainc the wife of Bartolomé Garcia in 1783.“ Ignacio de Roybul married Angela Martin in the same ceremony that united his elder brother Bernardo with her elder sister Mar garita. Their known children were: Marga rita, June 14, 1732; Manuela, January 1, 1734; Antonio, December 7, 1735; Maria, May 14, 1738;“ and Juan, living with his widowed mother at La Canoa in 1766.“ Pedro de Roybcxl had donated his inheri tance to his brother Mateo” around the time he moved to Guadalupe del Paso. He prob ably went there with his eldest brother, the Vicar, when the latter was stationed there in 1733-1736.And there he remained and per 32. B-24, S. Ild.: M-22, Pojonqm: he enlisted as a soldier of the Santa Fe Presidio ln 1789. (HSNM, l\Iil. Papers.) 33. I!-2!. S. lid. 34. All In B-27, 5. Juan. 35. Bancroft, NMO, 1766. >!: 4: :1: :1: 2!: :1: :1: * I Domingo de Roybal married Juana Gomez on May 3, 1713.” He died on January 28, 1729, at the age of fifty.” Since he was only five or six years younger than Ignacio de Roybal y Torrado, he could not have been his son. The fact that he married a Gomez Robledo, as did Ignacio, points to the probability of his being a younger brother. Nothing more is known about him. Their only recorded child was Basilio, son of Santiago (Domingo) Roybal and Juana Gomez, born at Jacona, July 16, 1713.” Ba silio is not heard of again either. 36. SD. Ar1'h., I, No. 1261. 37. Run. (iuml. del Paso (Ju.’\rcz). 38. l\[—2»l,S. lid. 39. Bur--I8, Sin. Fe. 40. 31-24, S. Ild. JRUBI MANUEL RUBi, son of Don Antonio Ru bin de Celis and Dona Mariana Maldonado, married Juana Gutiérrez on April 8, 1798.‘ They both were living at the Hacienda del Pajarito in 1803.2 This family was perhaps descended from Alonso Victores Rubin de Celis, who was Al calde of Guadalupe del Paso and Commander The priest who performed the wedding ceremony of Manuel Rubi and Juana Gutiér rez was Fray José Pedro Rubi de Celis, who came to Santa Fe for it and received permis sion from the secular pastor; hence, he might have been the groom’s uncle or brother. of its Presidio in 1736-1747.3 483. ]. ll-5'2, Sin. Fe. 2. .>\A.<I~’. No. 3. Ocaranzn. p. 168; Sn. Arch., 1, No. 27, II, Nos. 411. 479, 30. RUELAS Iucm Iosé Ruelas was an ox-team driver, born in Mexico City, and forty-five years old in 1790, when residing in Santa Fe with his wife, Josefa Garcia, who was thirty-five. He [276] had three step-sons and four step-daughters.‘ In 1792 he underwent trial for wounding a Juan Garcia in Santa Fe.“ 1. 2. Sn. Arc-11.. II, No. 1096:]. lbld.. 1, No. 1209. IN THE l'IlGlI’1‘l'Jl£N'I‘ll CI'IN'1‘Ul1Y RUIZ Iucm Ruiz Cdceres. (See preceding cen tury.) What sons of his, if any, returned with the Reconqucst is not known. It is possible that any descendants of his continued as “Lujcin.” * * =|¢ * * * * * JUAN RUIZ CORDERO, a native of Me dina Sidonia and son of Geronimo, was twen ty-two in 1693 when he joined the colony for New Mexico. He was dark and had a scar on the left side of the face. His wife was Maria Nicolasa Carillo, twenty, the daughter of Ni colés and born in Mexico City. She was of middle height, dark, with large eyes and mouth, and a rather flat nose.‘ He again gave his birthplace, and his age as thirty-eight, in 1710.2 In 1722, a retired adjutant, he sold some Santa Fe land? He was dying early in 1724,on February 17, when he brought seri 1. 2. 3. 4. Sn. Arch., DM, 1710, Sp. Arch., Oearanza, II. No. 546. N0. 7. 1, No. 1032. pp. 136-139. ous charges of malfeasance against certain persons.“ Shortly before, he had made his last will, in which he stated that he and Maria Carrillo Terra-zas had been married for thirty-one years. Their five children were: Juana Sere na, Maria Antonia, Manuela dc Gracia, Maria Daria, and Francisco Xavier. All were given the surname “Cordero” without the “Ruiz.”5 =l= * =l< * >34 * * * ANTONIO RUIZ VILLEGAS was a native of Puebla, the son of Juan de Villegas Ruiz and Ana Maria Castellanos. He came to New Mexico as an orphan and was reared by Fray José lVIariano Rosete, priest of Acoma.° In 1790 he was living at the Plaza de San An tonio, in Albuquerque, with his wife, Isabel Armijo. He was thirty-five, and she was twenty.’ They had been married on April 6, 1785.5 5. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 1206. 6. D“, 1785, no number. 7. Sn. Areh., II, No. 1092b. 8. M-4, Albuq. SAENZ MANUEL SAENZ DE GARVISU married Maria Ignacia Lucero de Godoy on February 25, 1743.‘He was a native of Spain, and Ten iente of the Santa Fe garrison in 1745,when he gave his age as thirty—eight.9At that time he purchased property in Santa Fe.3 He was a mayordomo of the Conquistadora Confra ternity with Toribio Ortiz in 1774.‘ His known children are the following: 5":“.'v-‘.'°!" DM, 1766. In Albuq.. no number; in 1766, and made his home in the Rio Abajo;-" Maria de Loreto, wife of Juan Do mingo Baea;“ Juana de la Cruz, born Decem ber 1, 1744;’ Antonio José, October 22, 1749; Juan Manuel, March 8, 1755; and Maria An drea-, February 7, 1752.5Juan Manuel enlist ed as a soldier in 1776.” Tlvrrns. leg. 4'26, III, ff. 7-10. M-50. Sin. Fe. Bancroft, NMO, 1745. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 8-16. OLC, p. 11. Manuel Bernardo, who married Ursula Durén 6. l\l-ll. [sh-In. M-ll. I.-vlvln: AGN. 7. liur-I8, Sin. I-‘c-. R. All in II. Hln. Fe. 5). IISNM. Mll. Pnpers. {277} ORIGINS or NEW Micxico 1"/\MlLlES sA1z AGUST1N SAEZ, son of Captain Ambrosio Saez and Ana Rodriguez,‘ enlisted at Parral for the Reconquest of 1693. His was one of the families that had to vacate Santa Fe on December 27, 1693, when the Tanos decided to fight for the town instead of departing peacefully; he was warned beforehand by an Indian who had served his father before the Rebellion of 1680.” His first wife, Leonor de Herrera, seems to have died at Guadalupe del Paso before 1692. The wife who came up to Santa Fe with him was Antonia Marquez, who was dead by 1709, when he applied to marry Isabel Madrid, a marriage that did not take place? In 1701, Agustin was banished from Santa Fe for adulterous relations while his Marquez wife was still living.‘ He died intestate prior to 1725,\vhen his long-dead second wife was re ferred to as “Pascuala Vasquez,” daughter of the first wife of Captain Diego Arias de Qui— rés;” but the woman’s name was actually An tonia Marquez, daughter of Nicolas Marquez and Ana Maria Montoya." His known children by Antonia Marquez were Francisco and Juliana.’ Francisco mar ried Juana de Herrera in 1718,when his mo ther is mentioned as deeeasedf and Juliana became the wife of Juan Griego of Albu querque.” D31. 1709, No. 9. S"-.“."’E"’!" £7) mtch Coll.. Box 1, No. 25 DM, loc. cit. Sp. Arch., 1!, No. 79. lbld., 1, Nos. 838, 717. 59”?’ lbld. lhld. ID]. 1718, No. 5. Sn. Arch., loc. clt. SALA1 C E S JOSE QUIRINO SALAiCES, a native of Chihuahua, was a twenty-three-year—old sol dier of Santa Fe in 1790. His wife was Rita Ortiz. He was the son of Xavier Salaices and ’ Rosalia Gabaldon; he was twenty-one when he enlisted in 1789.‘ 1. Twlt. Coll., No. 179; HS.\'.\I, i\Iil. Papers. SALAS SEBASTJAN DE SALAS, son of Bernardo de Salas and a native of Sevilla, was twenty five years old in 1693 when he joined the colonists for New Mexico. He was of medium height, with large eyes, and a scar on the forehead. His wife was Maria Garcia, twen ty-three, a native of Puebla and daughter of Nicolas; she was fair, with a small nose and somewhat deep-set eyes.‘ He again gave his age as twenty-five and his birthplace the ‘ City of Sevilla in 1694.9 In 1701he sold some land in Pojoaque, and [2731 again some more at Santa Cruz in 1703.“He seems to be the Sebastian Canseco who sold Pojoaque lands in 1702, and had been tried for robbery in 1697.“ A son, Sebastian I-Iiginio, was born to Sc bastian de Salas and Maria Garcia, January 18, 1717.5 =1! =0! 3|! 3k * =|= * * DIEGO DE SALAS, the son of Antonio and born in Mexico City at San Fernando, joined the 1693colonists when nineteen years IN THE EIGIITEENTII of age; he was dark, with a round face and a mole on the right cheek. His wife was Maria Luisa de Senorga, fifteen, the daughter of Diego and also born in Mexico City at Santa Catalina Martir; she was of medium height, with large eyes and forehead, and a sharp nose. _ They brought along a brother of Maria ‘ Luisa, Diego de Senorga, seventeen, and also a native of Mexico City. He was of medium height, with a high forehead and small eyes.“ In 1720 a “Diego de Salas, alias Herrera, Trevino,” was investigated on a charge of E-":‘“5*’!°!" bigamyf This could have been the younger Diego de Senorga. * =l< * * 3k ik ik * Iosé de Salas remarried Bernardina Hur tado in Albuquerque, February 27, after some question about the validity of their pre vious marriage.“ He might be the “Diego” with several aliases just mentioned, Jose’ gave his age as forty—six in 1747. A daughter of his, Francisca, was the wife of Gregorio Jaramillof‘ José de Salas could have been the son of either of the two Salas colo nists just treated. Sn. An-h., II, No. 541:; BNM, leg. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 790-795. G. Sp. Arch., II, No. 54C. 7. AGN, Mex., Inr|., t. 595, ff. 293-301. lbld., No. 928: II, No. 64. B-2, Albuq. 8. 1).“, 1718, No. 1], fragment. 9. Sn. Arcl|., II, Nos. -153, 476. DM, 1694, Nos. 4. 2?. Sn. Arch., 1, NOS. 9'27, 678. CENTURY SALAZAR AGUSTIN DE SALAZAR was a blind in terpreter, “proficient in his mother’s tongue,” who reported the impending Indian resist ance late in December, 1693, while Vargas was waiting for the Tanos to vacate Santa Fe. He was helped to safety by Miguel Lu jén.‘ In 1698 he gave his age as thirty-three.“ His father, perhaps, was Bartolomé de Sala zar, pre-Rebellion Alcalde of Zuni and Mo qui. Agustin and his wife Feltpa de Gamboa had the following children: Lugarda, who 1. Ritch OoIl., Box 1, No. 25: Doc. Hist. dc Mex., p. 145. 2. D31. 1698, No. 11. married Vicente Jirén in 1723,when her par ents were living in Santa Cruz;-‘-Josefa, who married Juan Lorenzo de Valdés;“ and An tonio. Antonio de Salazar, son of Agustin de Sala zar and Felipa de Gamboa, -married Maria de Torres in Santa Fe, November 27, 1708.5 In 1714 he asked for Santa Cruz lands west of the Rio del Norte that had belonged to his grandfather, Captain Alonso Martin Barba, and the Governor ordered the grant made.“ 5. lhIrI., 1708, No. 1. 6. Rllrh CoII., Box 2, No. 52. Martin Barba was more likely 3. Ibid.. 1723, No. 1. 4. lbld., 1729, No. 2. his great-grandfather, Salazar. whose daughter married Bartolomé de SANCHEZ (Sdnchez de Iﬁigo) Pedro and Iacinto Sanchez de Iﬁigo were two natives of New Mexico, evidently broth ers, who escaped the 1680 Indian massacre as minors, and returned to re-settle New Mex ico in 1693.Or else they were born at Guada lupe del Paso, considered then a part of New Mexico. PEDRO SANCHEZ DE INIGO was born “in New Mexico,” the natural son of Ana (Juana) Lopez. On January 7, 1692, he mar [279] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO l"AMlLll'IH ried Leonor Baca at El Real de San I,oren7.o.‘ A FI'ni1('is(t:i S:iIit'lw7. do li"ii_i{o,the wile of Captain Juan Garcia dc Noriega, was most likely his sister. And he could well be a “Pe dro Lopez de Yﬁiguez” who was soldiering at Guadalupe del Paso prior to the Reconquestﬁ Pedro first settled in the Rio Arriba area, and in 1696his wife was killed by the Indians of San Ildefonso with her mother, a brother, and her two children.“ By the turn of the century Pedro had mar ried a Ma1'ia Lujdn at Bernalillo, moving shortly afterwards back to the Rio Arriba country." At Santa Cruz, in 1710,he gave his age as thirty—six, stating that he was a resi dent there, and married.“ In 1713 he was mentioned as a brother-in—1aw of Diego Mar tin, son of Domingo Martin." He was dead by 1720 when a daughter got married. He had a son, Pedro II, who gave his age as twenty-seven in 1727,7being therefore a son by the second wife. Other children were: Manuela, born January 13, 1701;” Olaya, who married Diego Gonzalez of Santa Cruz in 1720;“ Francisco Xaviera, December 13, 1715, who became the wife of Juan Quintana;“ and Antonia, wife of Juan José de la Cerda.” Pedro Sanchez II, grandson of Juana (Ana) Lopez, the old lady still -much alive in 1724, was the son-in-law of Miguel de Quintana of Santa Cruz.“ The name of his wife was Mi caela Quintana.” Two known children of theirs were Ber nardo Antonio, born on April 9, 1733,” and Francisco Xavier, who married Isabel Pa checo, August 20, 1743.“ . ‘=35-"‘.-“P-’!"l"‘ DH, 1691, No. 3. lbld.. 1694. No. 3. Old Santa Fe, Vol. III. pp. 332-373. Sp. Ar('h., II, Nos. 187. 8'28. 1).“, 1710, No. 3. Sp. Ar('.h., I, No. 43!). Maria Luj.’in could very well he in dau iter of Juan Lujan and Juniza Dominguez. 7. 1).“. 1727, No. 1. 7a. B-13, nem. 8. D31. 1720. No. 2. 9. M-24, S. I|d.; Sp. Ar('lI., I, No. 723. 10. DM, 1721, No. ‘.2. 11. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 968; II, No. 330. 12. M-29, Stn. Cruz, Sept. 6. 1734, both sponsors for n wed 13: B-29. Sta. Cruz. [280] JAClN'l‘() S/\NClllu". DE INIGO was also :1 “n.'ili\'e of New lVl(‘t~:l('<)_" who \\':i.< twenty t\vo yr-;ii':.' old in 161%.’), \\'llt‘ll he tried to run away From the exile colony with Juan Do minguez de Mendoza."' He was first married to Isabel Telles Ji.ro'n.After her death in San ta Fe, he married ll’I(ll‘l(‘IRodarte de Castro Xabalcra in 1696. Here his parents were given as unknown. The bride was a native of Sombrerete, the daughter of Miguel de Cas tro Xabalera and Juana Guerrero, or de Her rera.“ He gave his age as thirty-five in 1697, saying that he was a native of New Mexico.” In 1703 he received a grant of land on the Rio del Norte, on the east side opposite Co chiti Pueblo.“ In 1713he was Alcalde Mayor of Santa Cruz, but not considered too eoinpe tent by the Governor; here he was mention ed together with Pedro Sanchez.” In 1715he asked for a permit to visit outside New Mex ico with his son, Francisco.’-"*’On his return he settled down in the Rio Abajo district, In 1728 Jacinto led an unauthorized small expedition into the Moqui country,“ but by 1734both he and his wife were dead; she was sixty at the time of her death on May 13, and he was “more than fifty” when he died on December 14 of the same year, 173 .33 Known children by Isabel Telles Jiron were: José, who married Teresa Jaramillo; Joaquin, who married Manuela Montoya and then Franeisca Guerrero de la Mora; and (Ana) Juana (Isabel), who married Manuel Montoya in January, 1705.” These three are recalled together in 1763.“ Children by his second wife were: Fran cisco, who married Josefa Chaves, Gertrudis, and Miguel.“ Three of the above sons mar ried as follows: 14. .\[-27. S. Juan. 1:’). Sn. An-h., II. No. 33. A Dominguez de Mendoza might have been the father of these two Sanchez de Inigo men. the (‘nllmlus mentioned in ‘[680; while their mother cnulil well have been one of the mlult dauxzhters of Diem l.«'-pez del Castillo. ll}. 17. J8. 19. IL“. 16510. No. 13: AGN, .\lI-x.. Imp. t. 73:’). I. 273; 1).“. 1).“, 1607, N0. 1. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 8'22. Il:lil., 11. Nos. 187. 828. 1701, No. xi, wlwre she inserts name of “linrlarte." 20. lhld.. N0. ]R."l.'1. 2]. llnm-raft. N.\l(), 1728. ‘.311.lmr-‘.3. Allmq. 21. II-l.'l. B('rn.. M. Sec. ‘ll. Sp. Arvin, I. No. 96-1. 5. lhl«l.. No. 843. Porlmps this Gertrudls was the second wife or old Pedro Duran y Clmves. Ill Iosé Scinchez and his wife Teresa. .lara— 1nilIo""‘had tliree known children: Ja(.'in.to II, who married lu‘t'igcnia Chavcs in 1.732;“ Ma ria Gcrtrudis, born on July 20, 1731;” and Juan,’-'”who is in all probability the man of this name who married Barbara Gallegos.” Joaquin Sanchez was thirty years old and widowed of Manuela Montoya, who was bur , ieclin Santa Fe, when he married Manuela Francisca Guerrero de la More of Albuquer que, in 1725:“ His first wife was still living in 1720.“ Known children by his second wife were: Maria Paula, born February 2, 1730,” who is 26. ll)ld., II, No. 460. 27. M-3, Albuq., Sept. 28; Sp. A1-ch.. II, No. 460. 28. B-2. Albuq. , '1‘ II E 1'}I G ll '1‘ 1!}F N '1‘ H C E N '1‘ U R Y evidently, but not positively, the one who niarrierl Juan. ll.'u1ti.sl.:1Quintana of Santa Cruz in 1746;“ and her brother Iv‘ran(:isco."" Francisco Sanchez and Josefa de Chaves“ had the following children: Juan Cristobal, born Scpteml_)er 21, 1726, who married Juana (lc Chaves, September 24, 1758;” Maria Bar bara, born December 26, 1730, who married Joaquin Pino in 1763;“ therefore, presum ably, Teresa, wife of Mateo José Pine; Diego Antonio, who married Ana Maria Alvarez del Castillo, April 6, 1756;” Marcos, husband of l\’Iargarita Valdés;'“‘ and Joaquin, who married Ana Maria Padilla in 1769.“ Romualdo Royhal. Nlcolasa Roybal, Fr. A. Chavez. 35. Sp. Areh., I, No. 864. 36. mm.. 11. No 450. 20. AGN, Tlerms. leg. 426. III, ff. 7-11. 30. B-3, Al|)uq., bapt. of girl, June 12. 1753. 37. B-2 and “-3. Alhua. 38. lhld. GENEALOGY: Maria Barbara Sanchez, Maria Cata lina Pinn. Jase Enrique Luna. Toribin Luna, Maria Encarnaclén Luna, Eugenio Chavez, Fabian Chavez. Fr. A. Chavez. 31. DM, 1725, No. 5. 32. 1b1d., 1720, No. 1. 33. B-2. Albuq. 34. M-27, Sin. Cmz. GENEALOGY: Marin. Puuln Sanchez, Jose Maria Quintana, Maria Josefa Quintana. Desidcrlo Roybal, 39. 31-11. Isleln. 40. 1m. 1763. in Albuq., no number. 41. Ibid.. 1769, loc. clt. SANCHEZ (Others) JOSE SANCHEZ, the son of Lucas and a native of Mexico City, was twenty-six years old when he joined the colonists of 1693. He was tall, with a round face, joined eyebrows, and a somewhat flat nose. His wife, Josefa Gomezde Ribera, twenty—one, was the daugh ter of Alonso, and also born in Mexico City; she had an aquiline face and two moles on the left cheek.‘ Sanchez and his wife were killed with his “father—in-law,” Juan Cortés, at Nambé in the Indian insurrection of 1696.9 His wife, very likely, was an adopted niece of Juan Cortés, whose wife was Maria de Ribera. It isnot known if they left any children. * as an :1: :1: =14 are ~4= ISIDRO SANCHEZ BANALES was a na tive of Zacatccas, suspected in 1719 of gam bling away certain goods stolen from the Governor's Palace in Santa Fe.“ In 1725, when he married Teresa Varela (Jaramillo) at Albuquerque, he declared that he was twenty—six years old, a native of Zacatecas, and that he had been in New Mexico six years. His parents were Alfonso Sanchez Baﬁales and Maria Flores Liscanox‘ But he was back in Santa Fe in 1726, soldiering, when he gave his age as twenty-eight.-" In 1731 he was tried there for wounding a cor poral of the garrison." His nickname was “El Patron?” “Don Isidro Sanchez died poor at the age of seventy-three” on April 30, 1770.“ His known children were: José Dionisio, born February 20, 1729,”evidently the man of this name who married Maria Luisa Pa dilla; Bernardo, April 3, 1734;” Monica, May 7, 1735; Alberto, February 2, 1744; Manuel de Jesus, December 28, 1744,“ who married An tonia Gonzalez in 1766;” and Maria Petra, November 27, 1749.” Dionisio Séxnchez and Maria Luisa Padilla were married on June 13, 1758.“ Their known [281] Ol{IGlNS 0]" NEW Ml*'..\|(I() 1"/\l\1ll.ll".S children were: D<mi,ingo,who married Juana /\rag(m;"' Jilana. ll’[(m'.a,who married Ulas or at Zuni in 1790. lgnacio was then twenty thrce years old and sinrzle.” By 1801 he was Maria Montaﬁo in l7l'8; ./u.r1.'m1Vic(,ori(t, mar ried to .lose Baea in 1799; and Maria /l7z.(<mia, married to Diego Antonio Baca in 1776.” son, José Manuel Vicente Ferrer, born March The last-named girl was kidnapped with to Jmnzu Vibianm. (}uln'icl(1. dc /l7'(L grin, and living at Los .,lacas.“' They had a 4;, 1807.’-"‘ some other people in 1777 by savagge lndians :1: :4: :;: z}: :1: 3'1 >l= at “cl Paraje de Santo Tome.” The men were killed, and the women captives were later sold to the French. Maria Antonia was three months with child; with her was her sister ANTONIO JOSE SANCHEZ, nicknamed “Chihuahua” for being a native of that city, was married to Illa-TiaGcrtrudts Alderete. He in-law, Dolores Baca, with a seven—year—old died in Belén on February 2, 1810.“ son. After being taken to New Orleans, these Pl: :5: :i< :5: * * * women were reportedly ransomed by the Spanish Viceroy. In 1781, Dionisio Sanchez Bartolomé Sérnchez, a native of Queretaro, and his wife wrote to the City of Mexico in who married Catalina. Durrin in 1695, was in quiring about their long—lostdaughter." all likelihood the same man known as Gar dufto. (See Gardufto.) * * * * * =i= * * IGNACIO SANCHEZ VERGARA was a younger brother of Fray Mariano Jose San chez Vergara, and living with his friar—broth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Scinchez -de Monroy, or de Mondragon. (See Mondragén, this section.) 12. D.\l. 1766. in All)uq., no number. Here. and also when he enlisted in 179.0, Manuel gave his father's name as Isidro San Sn. Ar-(~h., II, No. 51C. Old Santa Fe, Vol. III, pp. 332-373. Sp. An-h.. II, No. 307. 1).“. 1725. No. 1. Ibld., 1728. N0. 3. chez Bnﬁar:-.~xllt! Tngle (HsN.\l, 13. “-51, Isleln. 1-l. .\l-ll, Isletn. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Sn. Areh., 11. No. 363C. AGN. Hi-x., lnq., t. 892, I. 1 et seq. Bur-2. Albuq. B-2. Albuq. Ihld. The three in B-5'1, Islela. Mil. Papers.) B-72, Tomi‘, bnpt. 0! son. May 10. 1.334. The three in 1).“. in Albuq.. no numbers. ,\lI\'.\1, Asnntos, 198. ff. 19-19\'. Sp. Areh., II, No. 1092c. B-54. Tome. sponsors. Jul. 2'3. B. Lmzunn (in Gzlllupl. B-54. Tnm(', Bur. S90. SAN D O VAL JUAN DE DIOS SANDOVAL MARTiNEZ and his wife Juana Herndndez, or Medina, joined the 1693colonists with their eighteen year—old son, Miguel.‘ Juan was the son of Jacinto de Sandoval Martinez and Juana de Estrada, both natives of Mexico City. His Hernandez wife died in Santa Fe on March 24, 1695, and on May 12 he married Gertruclis de Herrera-, widow of Jose Nunez, at Santa Cruz. Juan was then thirty—seven years of age.” He sold some Santa Cruz land in 1710.“ In 1716 he gave Mexico City as his birth place, his age as sixty, and Santa Cruz as his residence.“ He died on March 12, 1735, at the [282] age of seventy-two. A son, Antonio, was born to his second wife, March 6, 1701.“ Miguel de Dios Sandoval Martinez gave the City of Mexico as his birthplace, his age as twenty in 1699, and thirty—three in 1709.7He was mentioned as a captain in 1714, and was a member of the Conquistadora Confrater nity.“ He made his last will in 1755.After naming his parents, he declared that he had been married to Lucia Gomez (Rohlcdo) for fifty eight years and two months; then he named their eight children: Manuel, Juana. (both IN THE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY (]c;1(l),M<'I<,'hor,/lndré.s', /lntmiio, Juan Man uel,‘Miqiiel, and Felipe (the last two (load)!-’ Ilis widow, a si.ster—in—lawof Ignacio (le Roy bal, died three years later, when her estate was probated in 1758; here she named some ofher children and grandcliildren.” The first girl, Juana, had been born on July 29, 1700.“ Theonly living girl, Melchora, married Alon so Rael de Aguilar in 1729. Andres Sandoval married Maria: Mcirquez, December 25, 1729.” They had at least two children: Maria Ignacia, August 10, 1751,and José Miguel, May 17, 1753.” Antonio Sandoval married Josefa Chaves, June 29, 1728.“ Four children born in Santa Fe were: Vicente, April 9, 1752; Jose Isidro, May 22, 1754; Francisco Matia-s, March 5, 1756;and José Antonio, December 25, 1757.” Juan Manuel Sandoval married Josefa Rael deAguilar, May 10, 1733.” Their known chil dren were: Juan José Antonio, July 16, 1750; Francisco Esteban, February 22, 1752; Juan BNM, leg. 4. Pt. 1, pp. 790-795. 1).“, 1695. No. 1. Felipe Sandoval married Teresa Ferncindez de la Pedrera, March 29, 1743.” They had only one son, Blas Felipe,” for the father died early, and his widow married Felipe Tafoya in 1750,” only seven years after her first marriage. Their son was reared by his cousin and godfather, the Vicar Roybal,“ and later married a Josefa Baca.” =11 =I< * >l< * * =5: * Felipe Roias de Sandoval was a European Spaniard who came to New Mexico in 1749 or 1750 with some French fur-traders. He had left Spain in 1742, was captured by the British and imprisoned in Jamaica for two years. From there he escaped to Mobile, thence to New Orleans, and from there he joined French trappers in Arkansas who brought him to Santa Fe.” On July 13, 1755, he married Maria Roybal y Torrado, widow of Jose Reaﬁo.“ They had no children. 13. Both in B, Sta. Fe. 14. M-.’!, Albuq. Sn. AI'(‘lI., I, No. 1. 1).“, 1716, No. 13. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Bur-32. Sta. Cmz. B-13. Born. 1).“, 1695), No. 1; 1709, No. 5. g.«=s=°.-=9=:~r-:=>,=»=s~=2 José, June 30, 1755; and Ant-onio José, July 21, 1758.” Sn. Arch., 1. No. 305; OLC, pp. 74-75. “)|d., No. 855. Ibld. All in B, sm. Fe. 31-50, Sm. Fe. All in B. Sin. Fe. M-50, Sta. Fe. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 995. 31-50, Sta. F0. 21. S11. Ar(-II.. I. No. 857. 11. 13-13. Bern. 22. B. Sta. Fe, bapt. of son, Juan Manuel, Dec. 24. 1763. 23. Bolton. Pacific Ocean, pp. 389-407. 24. 31-50. Sta. Fe. 12. M-27. S. Juan. SAN JUAN Miguelde San Iuan was born in Guadalupe delPaso, of unknown parentage, and was liv ing in Bernalillo when he married Isabel Montoyain 1710.‘ Both were sponsors for the weddingof Antonio Duran y Chaves and An tonia Baca there in 1718.2In 1716 Miguel took part in the Moqui campaign of that year.“ Their daughter, Margarita de Luna, married Esteban Duran in 1727.“ 1. 1).“, 1710. No. 9. ‘2. Il)|(l., 1718. N0. 11. 3. NMIIII, Vol. VI. No. 2. p. 181. Al. 1).“, 1727, N0. 6. [233] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO F/\l‘.lILIl".S SANTILLANES JUAN SIMON DE SANTILLAN and his wife, Barbara Manuela Garicoechea, were living in the Isleta district as early as 1744 when a son, Juan Jose’, was born on April 10.‘ This boy married Juliana Gonzalez, May 2, 1765.“ Another son, Juan Francisco Loreto, mar ried Maria Catalina Aragon, January 2, 1755,“ 1. 2. B-57. lslc-ta. 31-3, Alhuq. and they had a son, Miguel, September 10, 1759.“ These children used the form “So:ntil lcmes.” Juan Santibaftes and Maria Luisa Ramos of Abiquiu had two sons: Joaquin, March 20, 1741, and Juan Antonio, January 20, 1743.5 4. 5. 3. lbld. B-3. Alhuq. M-3. Sta. Clara. 13. See. SANTISTEBAN Two known sons were Juan and José. SALVADOR DE SANTISTEBAN was a native of Mexico City, the son of Andrés de Iuan Scmtistebcmwas twenty when he mar Santisteban and Juana de la Concepcion. He ried’Juana Cisneros in 1716.“Though married was sixteen when he married Polonia Mon for twenty—four years, they had no children tano in Santa Fe, December 20, 1695.‘ In 1710 of their own, but reared two adopted ones: he gave his age as thirty.” He had acquired Pedro and Juana Maria-,who married a José land on the west bank of the Rio del Norte de Chaves in Santa Fe in 1756.7 from Santa Cruz prior to 1714,when he held the rank of Alférez.“ In 1732he was wounded Iosé Santistebcm married Josefa Montoya in by accident when a salvo was fired during 1720; she was the widow of Manuel Silva, Visperas in the celebration of a feast of Mary who was killed in the Villasur Expedition. in Santa Fe.‘ The wound was not fatal, how- ' José, then twenty-two, was one of the sol ever, for he and his wife were sponsors the diers who survived the massacre.“ following year.’’’ 1. 2. 3. 4. DM. 1695. No. 18; Sp. Areh., 11, No. 213. Ih|d., 1710, N0. 20. Rltch (.'ull.. Box 2, No. 52. Sn. Areh., II. No. 375. 5. 6. 7. 8. 31-30, All)uq.. Sept. 1, 1733. ID], 1716. No. 2. Sn. Arch.. 1. No. 836. 1).“, 1720. No. 4. SARRACINO JOSE RAFAEL SARRACINO was born in Chihuahua, the son of Mateo Sarracino and Luisa Bernarda Gutierrez, both deceased when he married Maria Luisa Gutiérrez, He was a merchant. His wife was twenty, and they had two sons, three and one years old respectively? Jose died in September, 1797.“ ' April 10, 1787.‘ In 1790 he gave his age as 1. .'\l~5'.5. SUI. thirty-eight, and Chihuahua as his birthplace. 2. 3. Sn. Ar:-h.. II, No. ]00(‘.:1. [284] Fl’. Ilur—I9, SUI. F1‘. IN 'l‘llF. l".l(‘.ll'1‘l".l".N'l‘ll CENTURY SAVEDRA Iosé Salvador Sacxvedra, the son of Antonio Guillermo Saavcdra, deceased, and Rosa Lo pez, married Maria de la Luz Sedillo in 1772.‘ Francisco Saavedra was Alcalclc Mayor of Laguna in 1821.“It is difficult to say if these were the very first people of this name to come to New Mexico, and their place of ori gin is’not known. 1. 2. Laguna in 1821.3 DM, 1772, in A1buq., no number. Sn. Arr|I.. I, No. ‘.210; 11, No. 3081. SAYAGO (See Gonzalez) SEDILLO (Cedillo Rico de Rojas) PEDRO DE CEDILLO could well have re turned to New Mexico with the Reconquest. He was listed as a member of the Conquista dora Confraternity in 1689. His wife, Isabel Lopez de Gracia, was alone mentioned as dead in 1692, when a daughter got married; but in 1698both parents were referred to as deceased when a son got married. Their known children were: Isabel, who married Juan Varela Jaramillo at San Lo renzo del Paso in 16923 Casilda, wife of Cris tébal Jaramillof Felipa, married to Francisco Anaya Almazén; and the sons, Joaquin, Juan, and Pedro. Of this younger Pedro nothing is known except that he was twenty years old in 1694,and worked in the re-building of San Miguel chapel in 1710.3 Joaquin Cedillo Rico de Rojas, a native of New Mexico, was twenty-one in 1695 when he married Maria Varela in Santa Fe.“ Thev moved down to the Rio Abajo and reared a large family, as follows: Isabel, born January 13, 1701;Ana, August 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Oct. 1).“. 1692. No. 5. lh|d., 1712, No. 1. mar. oi daughter. lhId., 1694, No. 30; Kublcr, pp. 18. 20. lbld., 1695, No. 16. The three in B-13. Bern. Sn. Arch., I, No. 178; 11-2. Allmq., bapt. of child, Marla, 21, 1731. 1, 1702; Antonio, October 9, 1704,"’who mar ried Gregoria Gonzélezf’ a second Isabel, April 13, 1707; Domingo Francisco, August 16, 1709;’ Juana, wife of Carlos Lopez, and then of Francisco Garcia,‘ and Magdalena, who married Juan de Dios Martin, and then Antonio Martin in 1734.9 Juan Cedillo Rico de Rojas, a native of New Mexico, and twenty-nine years old, married Maria de la Concepcion Gutiérrez at Santa Fe in 1698.Both his parents were mentioned as dead.” He died prior to 1736,when his wi dow passed away on October 7, at the age of sixty.“ A known daughter, Juana, married Gregorio Garduﬁo in 1720.” * * * * tr 1 at t Nicolas Cedillo, a native of Sombrerete, I was thirty—eight years of age in 1693.” His wife was Catalina (Jdquez) de Salazar, also from Sombrerete. Their daughter, Beatriz, married Pedro Montes de Oca in 1694.“ Ap parently there were no other children. 7. 8. Both in B-2. Alhuq. IL“, 1710. No. 3; Sn. Art-h.. I. No. 178. 9. “JUL, 1710, No. 7; B-10. Numb(-., M. SCC. 10. H)llI., 1698, No. 8. 11. 12. 13. 14. Bur-»|H, Stu. )'t'. I).\[, 1720. No. 3. llild., 1693. N0. 10. lbld., 1694, No. 13; AASF, No. 16. [285} ORIGINS 01*‘ NEW Ml'IXl(‘() I"./\l\lll.ll'}S SEGURA PEDRO DE SEGURA was twenty-two years old in 1694.‘ He was a soldier and a na tive of Cusiguriachi. His wife was Simona Bonifacia dc Resaﬁ Pedro was dead in 1728 when a son got married. Two known sons were Cayetano and Tomas. Cayetctno cle Segura was widowed early when Diega Antonia de la Cruz died on March 1, 1727.”The following year, in April, he married Francisco Xaviera Lobatog‘After her death he married Maria de Apodaca, wi Tométs de Segura married Maria Josefa Archuleta in Santa Fe, August 13, 1730.“They had a son, Simon, who made his last will in 1764. In it Simon named his wife of eight years’ married life, Margarita Pineda, and three children: Juana, seven; Julian Cristo bal, five, and Rosa Maria, one.’ D31. 169-1. No. 33. dow of Lucas Flores, July 25, 1749.-" .‘'?‘.'~".-'*.‘-‘‘!‘’’.‘ AG)’, .\lex., 1nq., t. 735, f. 274', t. 758. ff. 468 ef seq. Bur--I8, Sin. F1‘. M-50, Sta. Fr; D31. 1728. No. 6. 31-50, Sm. Fe. BM, 1730. no number. Sp. Arch.. 1, No. 866. SENA BERNARDINO DE SENA, a foundling born in the Valley of Mexico, came to New Mexico in 1693 as a boy of nine with his fos ter-parents, José del Valle and Ana de Ri bera. The lad had a round dark face, large eyes, and a thick nose.‘ In 1703 he was still known as Bernardino del Valle at Pojoaque where his foster—parentssettled? He married Tomasa Martin Gonzalez on February 8, 1705, as “Bernardino de Sena y Valle,” when he stated that he had been born in Tezcuco of unknown parentage, and was eighteen years old.“ However, when he made his last will fifty—three years later, he gave his parents’ names as Agustin de Sena and Maria Ynez de Amparano of Mexico City.‘ From the lti-me of his marriage until his death, Bernardino lived in Santa Fe, where he acquired considerable property, including the Plaza which now bears his name, and be came its most respected citizen." In church matters, he was instrumental in gathering funds for the restoration of San Miguel cha pel,“ was mayordomo of the Conquistadora Confraternity through most of his adult life,’ at the same time serving as handler of money [286] and property for the Franciscans, who mourned the passing of their Sindico on No vember 11, 1765, when he was buried in the ancient chapel of San Miguel} He had asked to be buried in San Miguel, and vested in the Franciscan habit. His first wife, Tomasa Martin Gonzalez ("nuestra sindica-,” the friars wrote), had been buried in the Con quistadora chapel on February 20, 1727.9 Bernardino made his will in July, 1758,but lived to add a codicil on November 10. 1765. In it he declared that he had been married twenty years to Tomasa Gonzalez, by whom he had only one son, Tomas Antonio, who was married to Luisa Garcia. He also men tioned a daughter, Maria Francisca, but it is not clear if she was a real daughter or an adopted one.” His second wife was ll/Ianuela ale Roybal, married to him for twenty-nine years, but without issue.However, they had reared four adopted children: Santiago, Baltasar, Maria de los Dolores, and Jose’ “cl Coyote.”“ His Roybal widow wrote her own will in 1778, and was buried on May 1 of that year in the Conquistadora chapel.” IN THE ElGll'.l‘EIL‘N’l‘ll ClL‘.NTUItY Tomérs Antonio de Sena lTlllI‘l'l(‘(l Illaria I/m'..s'a Ca.rr'z'(1. (lc Nori:‘_qa. in 1723.” llir; pro fession was that of a blacksmith and armor er,” but he also held the post of Alcaldc May or of Galisteo,” and continued in his father’s footsteps as a pillar of the church.” In 1763 he and two others registered a mine of “N. S. de los Dolores” south of the hill called “Tur quoise.”" He and Maria Luisa had a family of four teen, according to his last will, the year of which is illegible.” These were named as fol lows: Maria Ynez, Maria Ynez (ll), Maria Yrene, Francisco de Paula, Bernardo, Maria Rosa, Maria Ynez de la Encarnacion (all sev en dead when the will was made), Graciana Prudeneta, Vicente, Pablo Antonio, José Ma ria, Matias David, Francisco, and Gertrudis (these seven living and married).‘" Maria Luisa Garcia de Noriega died on July 3, 1767; Tomas de Sena, widower, died on February Bernardo Sena (also called “llcrnartlino") was l'(‘.'ll‘(‘(l by hi:; g{I':n1(ll':Illwr .'m(l nume sake.‘-“‘He married Polonia Cus(1d0.s'on April 10, 1752, and both were sponsors for Jose Manuel Ribera, child of his sister Graciana Prudencia.“ He was dead by 1765, leaving only one child, Maria.“-" Vicente Sena ‘married Maria Teresa Viton, June 22, 1751?“ He was also a blacksmith in Santa Fe, when he wounded a soldier in his shop in 1764, and consequently was banished with his family to the Rio Abajo (Bernalillo) area.“ There a daughter, Ma-rgartta.Antonia, married Tomas de Luna, September 16, 1773.“ A son, Pablo, was twenty-five when he enlisted as a soldier in 1779.2” Frcmcisco Sena, born December 17, 1750, is very likely the man of this name who mar ried Manuela Olguin, April 2, 1771.2“ 11, 1781.20Of the girls, Maria Ynez de la Encarnacion had married Bartolo mé Lobato, October 31, 1749;“ Graciana Pra dencia was the wife of Antonio de Ribera.” Pablo Antonio Sena was also, perhaps, the Pablo Sena who married Maria Antonia Es Sp. Arch.. II, No. 540; BNM, leg. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 830-834. AASF. N0. 15. DM, 1705. No. 12. Sp. Arch., I, No. 860. lbId., Nos. 825, 826, 836, 837, 840, 846, 1136. Kubler, pp. 11, 19. . OLC, pp. 39. 59. 73-77; El Palnclo, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 303-305. 8. Bur-48, Stu. Fe; Crespo, par. 294. Church activities are referred to in his will. 9. lhld. 10. Sp. Areh., I, No. 860. 11. lbld. 12. Bur-48. Sta. Fe; Sp. Arch., 1, No. 800. 16. Twlt. Coll., Nos. 291, 297; BNM, leg. 10, No. 43, Santa 17. Sp. Ar(-h.. I, No. 855. 18. Not later than 1767, as his wife is still living. 19. Twlt. Coll., No. 291. 20. Bur-48, Slzl. F9. 21. M-50, Sm. Fe. 22. GENEALOGY: Grm-Inna Prudl-ncla Sena, Manuel Ribera, Marla Guadalupe Ribera, Marla Dolores Alarid, Romualdo Roy bal. Nicolasa Roybal, Fr. A. Ch.’1\'ez. 23. Sn. Arch., II, No. 597. 24. M-50, Stu. Fe; B-62. Sm. Fe, June 29, 17:36. 25. Sp. Arr-h.. Inc. clt. “.°‘S".“.‘*‘!°!" 13. D31, 1723, No. 2. 14. Sp. A1-('11.,II. No. 373; Bancroft, NMO. 1782 and 1757. 15. Bancroft, NMO, 1763; Bolton, Paclflc Ocean, pp. 389-407. quivel, July 7, 1772.3“ VI 50, Sm. F0. 23. I-‘vllpn(Pueblo). HS.\'.\l, l\liI. Papers. .... B-62 and 31-50. Sta. Fe. 30. M-50. Sm. Fe. SENTENO Leonisio Iosé Senteno, a native of Quere taro, was the son of Jose Mateo Senteno and Ignaeia Rosalia Davila. He had been reared by Fray Manuel Vivero in New Spain since the age of eleven, and had come to Albuquer que two years prior to 1761,when he married Antonia Varcla.‘ 1. HM, 1701, In All>uq.. no number. [287] ORIGINS OF NEW Ml'1XlC() FAMILIES SERNA FELIPE DE LA SERNA and his wife Isa bel Lujdn evidently returned with the Re conqucst, since they are not mentioned as deceased in the marriages of two children in 1694 and 1698. Their known children were: Cristobal, Gregoria, Antonia, and, perhaps, Maria, wife of Captain Nicolas Garcia residing at Guada lupe del Paso in 1705.‘Antonia was married to Matias Madrid? and both were marriage 1. 2. 3. 4. DM. 1705. No. 8. Relationships, lbId., 1709, No. 9. lbld.. 1698. No. 10. lbi(l., 1694, N0. 11. sponsors for Gregoria when she married La zaro Duran in 1698.“ Cristobal de la Serncr married Josefa Ma drid at Guadalupe del Paso in 1694.‘ He led an expedition against the Navajo as a cap tain in 1716.‘ In 1748 he applied for a land grant in the valley of Taos.“ A daughter, Ma ria, married Nicolés Jacinto Martin at Santa Cruz, December 25, 1712.’ 5. Bancroft. NMO, 17-15. 6. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 2-10. '1. DH, 1712, No. 4. SIERRA NicolézsAntonio de la Sierra was a European Spaniard, fifty-eight years old in 1768.‘ In 1743, January 24, he had married Joaquina de Aganza at Guadalupe del Paso,“ but by 1766 he was residing in Santa Fe as a mer chant.“ 1. 2. Sn. Arr-h., II, No. 610. M, Guadalupe (Ir-I Paso (Juarez). Francisco Sierra and his wife Juana Pa checo were living in the Santa Clara (Chama) area in 1787, when their son, José Antonio, married Matilde Vigil.“ No connec tion has been found between Francisco and Nicolas Antonio. I 3. 4. Sp. Areh., II, No. 619. 1).“, 1787. no number. SILVA ANTONIO DE SILVA, the son of Salvador, was a twenty-three—year—old native of Queré— taro who joined the colonists of 1693.He had a round dark face, large eyes, and a sharp nose. His wife, Gregoria Ruiz, the daughter of Juan, and born in Mexico City, was twen ty-two, with a broad and pockmarked face. Antonio was a blacksmith by trade. They brought a daughter, Gertrudis, three years old, born in Mexico City; she had a round face, big eyes, and a small nose.‘ Antonio first settled in Santa Cruz, where he received a grant of land, and also bought ' additional property between Santa Cruz and [288] Chimayo? But at the turn of the century he moved down to Bernalillo and thence to Al buquerque, where he died on May 25, 1732. His widow followed on December 8, 1736.“ Their known children were as follows: Gertrudis, who came with them from New Spain, married Geronimo Jaramillo_ Manuel married Josela Montoya.‘ Francisco married Gertrudis D. y Chaves. Felipe, born May 13, 1704} married Juana Gallegos. Maria was born on August 10, 1706. Frmicisca Xaviera, born on February 2, 1710,"married Bernardo Vallejo in 1726.’ Micaela married Antonio Vallejo in 1718.‘José married Rosa Baca, and IN THE EIGlI'l‘l'IENTIl CENTURY Juana became the first wife of Diego Antonio D. _y Clizivv.s.” Francisco Silva married Rosa (Gertrudis) Duran y Clzaves on September 12, 1729.” She died on April 17, 1763, at the age of forty three.“ Their known children were: Juan Fran cisco, born September 10, 1731; Maria Bar bara, January 14, 1734; Juan, January 6, 1736,"-’who married Ana Lucero in 1769;” Maria Agustina, September 9, 1739,” who married Pedro Tafoya;15Maria Victoria, Jan uary 2, 1749; and Ana Maria, who married Mariano Lucero in 1776.” Felipe Silva and Juana Gallegos had two known daughters: Maria Rosa, who married Sp. Arch., II, No. 54¢; BNM, leg. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 790-795. Sp. Arch., I, Nos. 819, 820. Bur-2, Albuq. DM, 1717, No. 3. B-13, Bern. Both in B-2. Albuq. DM, 1723, No. 2. lbld., 1718, N0. 7. GENEALOGY: Junnn Slim, Marla Guadalupe D. 3' Chip vcz, l\’laria Isabel Armijo, Maria Rita Torres, Jose Chavez, Eugenio Chavez. Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Chavez. 10. M-3. Album. 11. Bur-2, Albuq. S‘?°.~'.°’$":“.‘-"!°2" ' Anastacio Garcia in 1762, and Jurma-, who l)ec.'nne the wife of l\/lnnucl lined in 1768." Iosé Silva is mentioned in 1727 as the bro ther-in-law of Antonio Vallejo, husband of Micaela Silva.” His wife, Rosa Baca-, died in this same year on June .‘)."'He was mention ed again years later as a brother of Gertrudis Silva, and as the father (grandfather?) of a Maria Jaramillo who married Marcos Baca.” A son of his, José Manuel, widowed of Feb ronia Baca, married Maria Leonarda Salazar at Belén in 1781.“ JOSE SILVA, a native of Zacatecas, the son of Francisco Silva and Gertrudis Cifuen tes, came to New Mexico in the last quarter of the century, and in 1787 married Maria Josefa Baca.” 12. The three in B-2. Album. 13. 1).“. 1769. in Albuq.. no number. 14. GENEALOGY: Agustlnn Silva, Lugarda 'I‘:i{nya, Pablo Baca, Tomas Baca, Nicanora Baca, Fabian Chavez, -Fr. A. Chrivcz. 1.").The three in B-57, Islcln. 16. l).\[. 1776, in Albuq.. no number. 17. lhld. 18. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 82. 19. Bur-2, Albuq. 20. l).\[. 1766. in Albuq.. no number. 21. ")lll., 1781, loc. (It. 22. lhl(l., 1787, Ion. cit. SISNEROS (Cisneros) ANTONIO CISNEROS returned in 1693 with his wife Josefa Lujan and their family. He was Alcalde Mayor of Zuﬁi in 1706,when he was mortally wounded by Apaches, given the last Sacrainents by the Padre, and buried there on August 9.‘ His wife appears to have been at least a half-sister to Maria Lujan (Ruiz Caceres), wife of her brother-in-law Sebastian Martin? Their three children were named in 1727as follows: Hermenegildo, Felipe Neri (some times written “Ncrco"), and Juana." Felipe was married to Maria del Castillo in 1728.‘ >_,. 1. Bur-48. Zuhl. 2. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 173. 3. Ibld. Juana had married Juan de Santisteban in 1716. Other early Cisneros individuals were four Griego brothers and sisters, Nicolas, Josefa, Maria, and Pedro, who brought suit against Josefa Lujén in 1712 for Griego property on which she lived with four of her own chil dren.“ As may be gathered from their respec tive weddings, they were illegitimates of the Griego family reared in the Cisneros house hold. Nicolés Cisneros, parents unknown, mar 4. 5. Il)Id., II, NO. 335. ll)ld., I, No. 301. [289] O ORIGINS OF NEW Ml".XlC() FAMILIES ricd Casilrla Mcstas on May 29, 1714," and died at l,|1c:ig'eol'.~:ix1.y on .l:1nu:n'y I8, 1752." Pedro Cisnoros, parents unknown, married Juana Mestas, July 7, 1714.” Maria (,'i.s'nc7‘oswas the wife of Matias Pa ci1(*(*o." ('. M—‘.!I, 34. "II. 7 I!-l(X. Nnlnln‘, 8. M-2|, .\'. llll. 9. DM, 1723, No. 2. Hui. W1‘. SOLANO Antonio Solcmo y Castro married Maria Rosa Jirén, May 20, 1763.‘ But his place of origin is not known. Andrés Solano, twenty-six years old, lived in Santa Fe in 1790 with his wife Feliciana Valdés, who was twenty—one. They had a one-year-old daughter.“ 1. M-50. Stu. Fr. 2. Sp. Ar('h.. 11. No. 1096;). SUAREZJ FRANCISCO SUAREZ CATALAN, a na tive of Puerto de Santa Maria in Spain, came to New Mexico in February, 1771,from Chi huahua, where he had lived for about thir teen years. On June 24 he married Gertrudis Durdn, daughter of Juan Duran, European, and Barbara Baca.‘ When entering this m_ar The couple resided at Pajarito where a son, José-Ramon, was born on January 20, 1779.3 A daughter, Maria Antonia Rafaela, married José Miguel Guerrero in 1798.“In these two instances the second name of “Catalan” was not used. DH, 1771, no number. riage in the record the Padre made her a “Duran y Chaves”——apatent error? .\l—1l, lsloln. ll. Lmzuna (in Gallup). :°‘.°’!~’*“ D31. 1798, no number. SUAZO LUIS SUAZO was born at Guadalupe dei Paso, the natural son of Diego de Padilla while the latter was still a bachelor. Luis was reared in the Padilla home, and was not given, when he married Josefa. Martin at E1 Embudo, October 2, 1734.2 A known son, Juan Antonio, was born on June 30, 1735.3 more than twcnty—five years old in 1736.‘ He 1. was a widower, but his first wife’s name was 3. [290] Sn. Arch.. 1, No. 68."). ‘.1. 31-21, S. Juxul. B-2'7. S. Juan. IN THE l'IlGll’l‘l£l‘IN’l‘lI (,‘lCN'l‘UllY TAF 0 YA (Tafoya /lligamirano) JUAN DE TAFOYA ALTAMIRANO and his wife Fclipa Jaguada d.e Ulloa. very likely did not come north from Mexico City, or, if they did, stayed at Guadalupe del Paso. But three sons of theirs, Juan, Cristobal, and An tonio, did come up to New Mexico after the Reconquest. Iucm de Tcxfoya Altamirano was born at El Real de Talpujagua. Sometime before or af ter the Reconquest he married Josefa Pa checo, widow of José Baca; she died prior to 1707.‘At this period he was in trouble with the civil authorities, charged with stealing oxen, defrauding his step-daughter, wife of Nicolas Ortiz II, and cheating the Indians? In 1715 he got permission to leave his home at Santa Cruz and visit in Nueva Vizcaya.3 He had an illegitimate son, Cristobal, who is most likely the youth of this name, of un known parentage, who married Maria Tru jillo at Santa Cruz in 1719.4 Cristobal de Tcxfoya Altamircmo, thirty—four years old, left Guadalupe del Paso for New Mexico with his brother Antonio early in 1695. Both were soldiers?‘ He, too, was born at El Real de Talpujagua, but gave his age as twenty-five when he married Isabel de Her rera in 1698.“The year before he had become involved with some Herrera sisters in Santa Fe, who appear to be a different family from the one into which he married.’ He also was in escapades with his brother Juan in 1707 and 1711.8 In 1718he made his last will at Santa Cruz, in which he named his parents and birth place. He declared two legitimate children by Isabel de Herrera: Juan and Antonio; and also two natural daughters: Antonia Tafoya 1. Sp. Art'lI., II, No. 134b; DM, 1708, N0. 3. lhl:l.. Nos. 1.’!-ll), 171. 3. lh||l., Nu. 2. 1.‘%.'l:I. -1. IL“, 1703, No. 3: 1719. No. 9. 5. lMd., 169-1, No. 18. 6. 7. 8. 11. lhltI., 10518. No. (i. Sn. Arvin. 11, Nos. 67. 68. lbld.. II, No. 134b; DM, 1711. No. 7; BNM. leg. 6, No. Jaramillo, wife of Sebastian Varela, and Ger trudis Tafoya Ruiz. He also had reared a ne phcw, Cristobal, a son of his brother Anto nio.” He was still living in the following year, when he brought suit against Diego Archu— leta for beating his wife Isabel.” His two sons married into the Juan Gon zalez Bas family of Alameda. Juan, age twen ty-two, married Antonia Gonzalez in 1716,“ and Antonio, born on May 16, 1700, married her sister Prudencia in 1722.” Antonio de Taloya Altcrmirano was twenty three when he came to Santa Fe in 1695with his brother Cristobal. He married Maria Luisa Godines, young widow of Alonso Gar cia de Noriega II.” Luisa died on September 15, 1747, and Antonio died as a retired Alfé— rcz on February 17, 1753, “more than eighty years old.” At the time of his death he was married to a certain Magdalena —————.“ On one of his trips north from Guadalupe del Paso, Antonio was entrusted with the dues of the Conquistadora Confraternity sent up to Santa Fe.” A son of Antonio, Cristo'bal, had been rear ed in his brother’s house, as previously stat ed. Another, Felipe, came to be Alcalde May or of Santa Fe and Lieutenant General of the Kingdom; he was a charter officer of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Light; in 1728 he had married Margarita (Sayago) Gonza lez de la Rosa, by whom he had five children, and then Teresa Fernandez in 1750,who bore him six more. Felipe made his last will in 1771, and died on May 31 of that year. He had also practiced medicine.” Three daughters of Antonio were men tioned in 1732: Lugarda, widow of Juan “Gal 9. Sn. Ar:-li.. 1. No. 938. lll. lh|t|.. ll. 12. 1.'l. '1. 5. l).\I. 1Tlli. N0. .15). i\l-‘ll. S. lld., I}. S(‘(‘.; DM, 1733, No. 3. Sp. An-|I., 1, N0. 305. lkur--I8. Stu. F0. OLC, D. 70. ll, Nu. '._".l.‘<l. 16. M-50. Sin. Fe: Sp. Arch.. II. No. 579: lhld., I, No. 995; Bur--I8, Sin. Fe; NMIUI. Vol. X, No. 3, p. 18?. [291} O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FATVIILIES lego” [Sayago] of Santa Fe, more than thirty Agustin Lobalo, soldier of Santa Fe.” Maria yuar:~: ol(l;"’ M(l).i{I!I\’.osu, twont_y—I'ive am! still li():~€.'lis nm::l. likely the wmnnn single; and Juana, twenty-two, married to Diego Vzisquez Borrego. 17. If Pedro ’l‘nfn_vn. who married Aguslinn Silva, can be proved to be a son of Imxmrdn. as he seems in he, then :1 gene alnglcnl line would be eslalmshed as follows: Lusmrcln Tnrnyn. Pedro Tafoyu, Marla Lugardu ’l‘a1'oya, Pablo U.-mi, 'l'nm.’is B:u':i. another line would also he mntle into the (iodlm-5 family. Nicnnnrn ‘is. Ham, .-\(;f\‘. F:il)i."in Ch.-'i\‘c~z, Fr. .\n-\-.. 1111]., 1. .H't'»‘.3. ff. who m:n'ri('(l A. Ch.-'x\'e7.. Consequently. isa-19.1. TAMAR I S FRANCISCO TAMARIS, alias Garcia Car nero, was a native of El Valle de San Bar tolomé who had been soldiering in New Mex ico for twenty-three years, so he declared in 1715.‘ He married Isabel Gutiérrez, one of the colonists who came in 1693,very possibly at Guadalupe del Pasoﬁ They were sponsors together in 1694.3In December of 1715,Fran cisco, at the time a sergeant of the Santa Fe Presidio, was mortally wounded by Alonso Rael de Aguilar. Ta-maris’wife and their son, E-"‘:“S-"!°!" Felipe, pardoned Rael at the victim’s death bed request.“ Besides Felipe, there was a daughter, Josefa." Felipe -de Tcxmcrrisfollowed in his father’s footsteps as a soldier.“ He was one of the few survivors of the Villasur Expedition? His wife was Magdalena Baca-,5by whom he had a daughter, Rosa Teresa, born on September 8, 1709, and a son, Pedro, August 8, 1711,“ who died as a youth on June 18, 1729.” Sp. Ar('h.. II. No. 2391. AGN. Mt-x.. Inq., t. 701, II. 323-9. 1).“. 1694. Nos. 4, 10. Sp. Ar('h., II, No. 239,1. lbld., I, No. 936. l|)ld.: Bancroft, N310, 17.32. 'll)l(l.. No. 13. lblrl., No. 9.33. Both in M-2-1. S. Ild. 0. Bur--I8, Stu. Fe. "‘S3F"."?‘ TAP IA FRANCISCO DE TAPIA, son of Francisco de Tapia and Maria de Chaves, returned to Santa Fe with the Reconquest, and in 1698 married Maria Magdalena Nieto} He went on the Moqui Campaign of 1716.2 Some women of the Tapia family also re turned with their husbands, several named “Maria,” so that it is impossible to classify them. One sister of Francisco, Luisa, had married Antonio Ramirez de Gamboa at Guadalupe del Paso in 1685." Another, Ma ria, was the wife of Miguel Gutierrez of San Luis Potosi." Any of the following Tapias could be Francisco’s sons and grandsons. Cristébal Tapic: was a resident of Santa Fe in 1764.7 21¢ =l< * 16518, No. 4. N.\llIll. [292] 3!< * * * JOSE CRISTINO TAPIA was an Alférez, only eighteen years old, who came to Santa Fe and enlisted in 1807. He was born at the Presidio of Janos in Nueva Vizcaya, the son of Jose Tapia and Manuela Garcia.” Like José Ramon Bernal, Manuel Telles, and members of the Garcia de Noriega family, he was, apparently, a descendant of seventeenth century New Mexicans returning to his homeland. IL“. Tomés Tapia received a land grant in 1742, l and was living at Pojoaque in 1751.“ Antonio Tapia is mentioned in 1751.“ * HM, Vol. VI. N0. 2. p. 181. 1133:”). N0. .1. AGN. M1-L. lm|.. L 735. I. 299. .\'p. Ari-h.. I, Nos. l|)l(I.. I1. NO. 503. @ﬂa3;yu~ 0611, ‘.311. lhld., I. No. 989. ll:~iN.\l, Mil. Pnpers. IN THE l?llGll'l‘l‘Il'IN'l‘ll CENTURY TELLES (Telles Jiro'n) This seventeenth—century family stayed at Guadalupe del Paso, except for some married women who returned with their husbands for the Reconquest of'1693. The name re-ap ' peared at the turn of the eighteenth century in the Rio Abajo and Socorro area, which shows that individuals, descended from this family, eventually moved north. For exam ple: ’ Jose Manuel Telles, son of Jose Luis Telles and Guadalupe Garcia de Noriega, and born in Guadalupe del Paso, came to Santa Fe when eighteen years old and enlisted as a soldier in 1823.‘ 1. HSNM. Mll. Papers. TENORIO (Tenorio de Alba) MIGUEL TENORIO DE ALBA was a na tive of Zacatecas, twenty-one or twenty—two years old in Reconquest times.‘ He first set tied in the newly-founded town of Santa Cruz in 1696.2 He was already married in 1708to Agustina Romerof and was a mem ber of the Confraternity of La Conquista dora.‘ v Their children Were: Manuel, married to Francisca de la Vega y Coca; Juan, presum ably a son, who married Margarita Coca, Oc tober 23, 1728; Miguel II, husband of Barbara Tafoya; Francisca, who married Cristobal de Armenta in April, 1735; and Luisa, wife of Bartolomé Fernandez de la Pedrera, May 8, 1740.5 de Alba y Corona” when she married Joa quin Martinez, October 20, 1749;” Miguel III;”“ Alejandro, residing in Sonora in 1777; and Teodora Mariquita.” His son Alejandro had two sons, Miguel and Manuel, the latter married and residing in Valle de San Buenaventura in New Spain in 1783.“ Miguel Tenorio II and Barbara Tafoya had the following children: Joaquina, April 24, 1748; Juana Nepomucena, April 27, 1751; Sal vador de Orta, March 23, 1757;” and José Mi guel, these two sons enlisting as soldiers in 1779 and 1781, respectively.”“ He seems to be the same Miguel Tenorio Manuel Tenorio‘ de Alba was a captain and Alcalde Mayor of Pecos in 1732.“ He was mentioned as the son of Miguel Tenorio and husband of Francisca ole la Vega y Coca in 1758.’ His wife died on August 6, 1760.5 Known children of theirs were: Teresa, who enlarged the family name to “Tenorio Dru, 1695. No. 12; 1696. No. 7. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 817. lhld. 01.0, p. 75. All in B, Sin. Fe. Bnneron. NMO. 1732. Sp. Areh., 1. Nos. 440. 6:32. °°.*’.""§".~“F'-’¥"!‘ Bur-48, Sta. Fe. de Alba y Corona who married Teodora Fer nandez de la Pedrera in 1758.” She was the widow of Nicolas Baca of La Cienega, where the Tenorios were after Vega y Coca, Baca, and Romero property.“ He was already dead in 1794 when Teodora, his widow of a second marriage, died on January 26.15 fl. M-50. Sin. I-'1'. ‘.l:1.'l'l1(-irson Miguel \\':is forty when he enlisted as a soldier in 1771 (lI.\‘N.\l, l\lll. Papers). 10. These three together in Sp. Arch., 1, No. 1003. 11. “I'll. 1'.'.. All in B. Sm. Fe. 13!. 31-50. Sin. Fe. 1-l. Sp. Arch., 1. Nos. 109. 440, 991. 1003. 15. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. [293] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Miguel Tenorio III, husband of Polonia Ro mero, was very likely the son of Mzmucl To norio and Francisca de la Vega y Coca; or else he was the other Miguel, a cousin, the son of Alejandro Tenorio. He had a sister, Ana Maria, sixty years old in 1803,who was the mother of Jose Antonio Alari,“‘ and 16. Sn. Arcl|.. II, No. 1661. 17. Bur-(H. therefore the second wife of Juan Bautista /\l.'u'I'. This Miguel diod on March 27, 1818." Manuel Tenorio de Alba y Corona, who married a Polonta Sandoval, July 26, 1757,” could have been the son of any of the three original brothers. ‘J3. .\l-50. (‘JuiIr1~lIso. .\'I1|. I-‘I-. TERRUS JOSE TERRUS was a native of Vique in Cataluﬁa.‘ He -married Antonia Priez Hurtado on March 21, 1734.“ He died on May 25, 1745, and she followed years later, on September 1. 2. AGN, Mom. Inq., t. 849, f. 55. M-50. Sta. Fe. 19, 1760.”In the will that he drew up in 1745, Terrus named five small children: Antonio Feliz, Rosa, Teodora, Juan Antonio, and Man uel Francisco.“ 3. 4. Bur--I8. Sln. Fe. Sp. Arch.. I, N0. 966. TOLEDO Iucm Iosé Toledo was dead in 1794 when his son, Pablo Vicente, by his wife, Micaela Gar cia, married Maria Gertrudis Romero of Tomé, on September 12.‘ The family’s 'origin is not known. 1. B-54, Tnmé, M. Sec. TORRES CRISTOBAL DE TORRES, a native of New Mexico, gave his age as thirty in 1698, and forty-four or forty-five in 1710.‘Hence, he was not the forty-year-old man who pass ed muster in 1680,but evidently his son. His wife was Angela cle Leyva, according to his last will and the marriages of their children. He was a soldier, and married, at Guadalupe del Paso in 1698, but by 1710 he was an Al férez residing in Albuquerque? But some years later he established himself at Santa Cruz. In 1724he was given a large grant near the “Old Pueblo” of Chamaﬁ He was accused [294] in 1726 of reporting to Juan Péez Hurtado the names of poor people who were trading illegally with non-Pueblo Indians." In this year he made his last will, declaring his wife and the following children: Diego, Francisca, Maria, Josefa, and Margarita. The following year, 1727, his widow made her own will in Chama, naming the same children.“ Francisca married Felix Lujan and was murdered by him in 1713;“ Maria married Antonio de Salazar in 1708;7Josefa was the wife of a certain Martin by whom she had a son, Manuel Mart1'n;"‘and Margarita became the wife of Bartolomé Trujillo.” IN THE EIGIITEENTII Diego de Torres, son of the. late Cristobal do Torres, was numbered among the first set tlers of Chama as a village in 1731.” He gave his age as thirty—nine in this year as assist ant Alcalde of Santa Clara.“ He was already widowed of Rosa de Varela when he married again in 1712.” Two elder sons of his seem to be the issue of his first marriage: Salvador, married to Catalina Naranjo,” and his bro ther Marcial, who was married twice, to Ma ria Lujan and Maria Martin, by whom he had several children.“ Diego’s second wife was a Maria Martin of Santa Cruz, daughter of Alejo Martin and Maria de la Rocha, the latter a native of So nora.” They had at least eight children: Francisca Xaviera, wife of Isidro Trujil1o;‘“ Martin, who was twenty-five when he en listed as a soldier in 1751;“ Manuel, who married Tomasa Baca, December 12, 1758;" Juan, who married Rita Romero, January 14, 1766;” Nicolas, baptized on December 6, 1731, by Vicar Roybal of Santa Fe,” and who mar ried Francisca Padilla in 1763;” Bartolome, born June 27, 1735; and twins, Juan José and Juana, June 1, 1738.“ Diego was married a third time, to Rafaela Baca of the Rio Abajo, who bore him six children and, after his death prior to 1758,“ became the wife of Baltasar Baca. In her will, in 1804, Rafaela stated that one child died single, two died married, and that her three surviving Torres heirs were: Lugarda, Barbara, and Catalina.“ Some of these chil dren are found in records as follows: Juana Catalina Romana, born August 22, 1744,who 1 2 Ibld. 3. TWII. COIL, N0. 108. l).\I, 1698, No. 3: 1710, Nos. 20, 21. Ocaranza. p. 188. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 948: Twit. (‘nll., No. 151. Sp. Arch.. II. No. 196; here she was called “Gomez de Torres." the original full name. -1 5 6. 7 8. 9. DM, 1708, No. 1. Sn. Ar('h., I, No. 1004. D31, 1719, No. 7. 10. Sp. Arcl|., I. No. 950. 11. Crespo, pars. 108-10; Bancroft N2\l0. 1731. 12. DM, 1712. No. 3. 113. Sn. Areh., I, No. 643. 14. 1hId.. No. 987. 15. D31. loo. (‘IL 16. lhl«l.. 1727, No. 2. 16:1. IIHNM, Mll. Papers. 17. M-ll, Islcln. CENTURY mzu‘rie(l Gregorio Varela, May 6, l75S);'“ Ma ria, Joscfa. de la Luz. born March 20, 1747; Lugarda Clementa, November 30, 1749; To mas, November 2, 1755; and Antonio Ger man, June 11, 1758,“ who married Margarita D. y Chaves, August 1. 1782.“ Altogether different Torres people of the Rio Abajo district are as follows: * >l< * =11 * 2k * JUAN DE TORRES was a native of Zaca— tecas and twenty-seven or twenty—eightyears old in ‘€94.27He was living in Albuquerque in 1710 when he gave his age as fifty and mentioned his connections in Sombrerete.“ He appears to be the Teniente Juan Torres who was reprimanded by Gov. Valverde for disrespect towards a friar.“ * * * * =14 * =|< =1‘ SIMON DE TORRES, a native of Sombre rete, perhaps related to the preceding man, was thirty years old in 1696.” He and his wife, Juana de Mendoza, were dead by 1705. An orphan child of theirs, Maria de las Nieves, was thirteen years old in that year.“ >l< * * * * * * * ANTONIO DE LA TORRE, a native of Je rez, the son of Sebastian de la Torre and Ana del Rio, asked to marry Francisca Montoya in 1694, but was rejected because of an al leged impediment in New Spain.” He was staying at San Felipe Pueblo with other sus pect bachelors when a morals complaint was made against them.“ 18. lhld. 1!). B-27. S. Juan. GENEALOGY: Nit-alas Turn-s, Andrés Mariano Torres. l\l.-AriaRita. Torres. Jose Chavez. Eugenio Chri vez. Fabian Ch.-ivez. Fr. A. Ch.’ivc7.. 20. 1).“. 1763. in A1buq.. no number: Sp. A1-011.,II. No. 592:1: Nicolas (lied nn March 11. 1811 (B-54, Tomé, Bur. Sec.) 21. These three in B-27. S. Juan. 22. l\lnrrin;:c of son Manuel, note 17. 23. Twlt. (.'oll.. No. 27. 2-1. B-57 and M-1!. Isletn. 25. All {our in B-57. Isle-tn. 26. M49. Islam. 27. 1).“. 169-1. N0. 25. 29. lhld.. 1710. No. 20; 1711, No. 1. DELOcnrnnm. p. 190. 30. DH. 1096. No. 1. I11. lh|«l., 170.”). No. 6. 32. ll)ld., JGTH. No. 2. Crusaders,p. 245. [2953 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES TREBOL NAVARRO FRANCISCO TREBOL NAVARRO, origin not known, came to New Mexico after the middle of the century and on October 9, 1765, married Maria Ignacia de la Luz Baca.‘ While first Teniente of the Santa Fe Prcsidio in 1785 he made his last will, in which he stated that he and his wife were married for twenty years, during which time they had five children. He mentioned a ranch which he still owned at Pajaritof-‘ He and Diego Antonio Baca were Mayordomos of the Con quistadora Confraternity in 1773.” The children named in the will were: Jose’,Manuela, Maria Luisa, Maria Francisca (dead), and Maria Isabel, Francisco died in Rio Arriba, perhaps during a campaign, and was buried in the military chapel of Santa Fe on June 10, 1785; his widow died on Octo ber 25, 1790.‘ He was referred to simply as “Trebol” in 1769,”and also when he got mar ried. . M-ll, Isl!-la. .. I, No. G16. . A. V . F‘ ‘:1 H 1. . Bur-51. Cnstrr-nse. *. AGN, Tlvrrns. 426, III, ff. 7-11. r..l.c..».to|-4 TRONCOSO VICENTE TRONCOSO was a native of Mexico City, and thirty-eight years old in 1790,when he was second in command of the Santa Fe garrison. He was a nephew of Gov ernor de Anza. His wife, Maria Ignacia Ber nal, was twenty-seven, and they had a six year-old son and four girls, nine, eight, seven, and two.‘ Troncoso was a very active Mayor domo of La Conquistadora in his day.” Known children of theirs were: Juan Man uel Andrés, infant of one year who died on December 13, 17802“Nicolasa, wife of Juan Esteban Pino; and Guadalupe, married to Mariano Pena.‘ 1. Tult. 2. Cnll., No. 179; AASF, No. 19. OLC, p. 10. 3. Bur-51, Cnstrense; "Peren." mother's maiden name given as 4. 11-65, Sta. Fe, bapt. of respective children, Aprll 12 and March 18. 1812. TRUJILLO JUAN DE TRUJILLO and his wife, Elvira Sanchez Jiménez, both natives of the Rio Abajo, returned with the Reconquest.‘ He gave his age as forty in 1695, and forty—seven in 1696, always claiming the Rio Abajo as his place of birth? Hence, he was in all proba bility the Juan de Trujillo who passed mus ter in 1681, and the son of old Francisco Tru jillo. At the turn of the century he moved from the Albuquerque area to Pojoaque, where he bought considerable property in 1701 and 1702.“There he gave his age as six ty-six in 1714.‘ [296] His two known childrenwere Maria, wife of Juan de Mestas Peralta, and Antonio, married to Ana Maria de Cordoba. Antonio Trujillo and Ana- Maria de Cordoba were married at Pojoaque in 1711, his mo ther having died by this time.“ In 1733 he bought the Sandoval Martinez ranch in P0 joaque.“ His wife died on March 26, 1753, “sixty years old more or less.” Antonio was buried in the old Mission of Nambé on April 19, 1755.7 IN THE ElGll’l‘EENTll Their known born Julygll, chililren were: 1717; Jose, 1719;“ Miguel, October C7‘is!.ol)(zl, September 30, 1-0, 1712," who seems to be the man of this name who married a Maria Antonia Archuleta;“‘ and Bernardo, who married Hilario Archuleta, May 3, 1734.“ CENTURY (10.llerrer:1, who bore him a son, Pedro, Feb ruary 24, 1716.?‘ He could also be a brother of Jose Trujillo, treated next, for in 1693 Juan witnessed the wedding of Catalina Duran, daughter of An tonia Trujillo (his sister?);”"' and when this Catalina married again in 1695,Jose and his wife Antonia Lujén were the witnesses?" Other early Trujillos follow, perhaps bro ~thers, cousins, nephews, or even sons of Juan de Trujillo, but impossible to classify because sufficient data are not available. * * * all II! * * 3|! DIEGO TRUJILLO was married to Cata lina Griego in 1701 and 1703 when they were trying to recover her ancestral land in Santa Fe. They had a grown son, Antonio, at this time.” Diego gave his age as twenty-two or twenty-eight, saying that he had been born in the Rio Abajo country.” * * I* * * =k * >1 BALTASAR TRUJILLO resided at Pojoa que in 1710 when he declared himself to be a native of New Mexico and forty years old.“ He belonged to the Conquistadora Confrater nity.” He purchased lands in Taos which he sold back to the original owner around the year 1725.” His known children by his wife Nicolasa de la Cruz Espinosa were: Maria, born Decem ber 29, 1704; and Pablo Manuel, January 31, 1709,” who married Francisca Marquez at Pojoaque in September, 1728.” As a “widower of Pojoaque,” Baltasar married “Ynez, widow of Albuquerque,” on May 8, 1728.” He and this Ynez Gonzalez Bas were sponsors together in 1739.” He died at Pojoaque, June 17, 1740.“ * * :5: * =l= * * JOSE TRUJILLO, son of Cristobal Tru jillo and Maria de Manzanares, natives of New Mexico, married Antonia Lujdn at San ta Fe in 1694.“ He received a special com mendation from Vargas for his service dur ing a Navajo campaign in 1697,” receiving other citations, and an appointment as Al calde of Santa Cruz, up to the year 1714.” In 1715,as a retired Alférez and Alcalde of San ta Cruz, he appeared in a land suit in which Capt. Baltasar Trujillo is mentioned together with him.” His name is on Inscription Rock, dated July, 1726, with that of Juan Péez Hurtado.3““ His known children by Antonia Lujén were: Juan Crisostomo, born February 9, 1704;“ José, who married Guadalupe Chiri nos in 1716; Bartolomé, who married Marga rita Torres in 1719;-"'-’ Margarita, who became the wife of Cristobal Tafoya in 1719; and Isidro, who married Francisca Xaviera Tor res in 1727,“ two of whose children, Mar1'a and Santiago, were born in 1739 and 1740.“ Jose contracted a second marriage with Antonia Lopez, natural daughter of Ana Ma ria de Herrera, in 1710.“-"Perhaps he is the José Manuel Trujillo, aged mastersmith and “brother” of Carlos Lopez, who was griev ously assaulted by some Valverde men in 1748. Genizaro servants of his bearing the Trujillo name were also mentioned.“ * JUAN TRUJILLO, a native of Santa Fe, was about forty years old, and a widower, in 1725." His first wife could have been :1Maria Lopez with whom he witnessed a marriage at Guadalupe del Paso in 1692.” And he might be the Juan Trujillo married to Ana BARTOLOME TRUJILLO, very likely a brother of the two preceding men, was wi dowed of Maria dc /lrclmlcta, and twenty thrce years old in 1693,when he married Pe trona. Dominguez, eighteen, at Ysleta del Paso on February 2.-"7 [297] ORIGINS or NEW MEXICO FAMILIES C1'ist<3ba.l '1’ru.jillo, pc1'l1."ips anotlier bro ther, remained with his family at (‘xuadalupe del Paso. (See preccdingcentury.) =|| * * * >l< #5 * =l= PASCUAL TRUJILLO and his wife, An tonia de Tapia (Duran or Lujcin), were spon sors at Santa Fe in 1694:“ He was a native of New Mexico, thirty years old in 1700.“ In 1713, he held the rank of sergeant when he sold some land in Santa Cruz.” He was killed by Indians in Nueva Vizcaya sometime after, on a return trip from the City of Mexico; in 1715 his widow asked for a soldiers’ insur ance he had taken out at the Santa Fe garri son. She was living in Pojoaque.“ Their known children were Juan, who married Maria Madrid in 1715,” and Andrés, who married Juana Maria Sena, widow of Diego de Anaya, in 1730.43Another brother could well have been Antonio, who married Maria Sena, another criada of Bernardino de Sena, on April 17 of the same year.“ * * * * >l< * =l< * r lituiiglil.additionzilproperlyz1l.S;inla Fe while .\'()l(ll(‘l‘ll1;{in Szmla l“<-; he also sold a Santa Fe house and lot in 1722.” In the Indian Uprising of 1696, a corpse found with those of the «martyred Padres at San Illdefonso was thought to be his; how ever, he reached Santa Fe, shoeless and al most naked, alter what was termed a mirac ulous escape.” He belonged to the Conquis tadora Confraternity."" Mateo’s wife was Maria de Tapia, widow of Alonso Romero, by whom he had a daugh ter, Juana, married to Pedro Montes Vigil. There were also two sons: Francisco, father of Jose and Mariano Trujillo, who made his last will in 1754;and Agustin, father of Man uela, Manuel, and Antonio Trujillo.” I.étzaro Trujillo was most likely the “Loren zo” who was recalled almost a century later as a nephew of the preceding Mateo Trujil lo.""’He married Ynez de Tapia (Lucero, Ol guin, or Garcia) on January 25, 1718.“ Their known children were: Miguel Marnuel, born October. 1, 1731; Juana Maria, February 14, 1734; Antonio Alonso, July 16, 1736;-*3Juan MATEO TRUJILLO was a soldier, native of New Mexico, who gave his age as thirty in 1694, forty in 1704, and fifty-four in 1714.“ He was too young, apparently, to be the Ma teo of the 1680-81Revolt lists, yet might be the same man. In 1694he received a grant of land south of Santa Clara Pueblo, and in 1703 D31, 1605, No. 14. Ihld., 1695, No. 19; 1696, No. 12. Sp. Arch., 1. Nos. 927, 928 . DM. 1710. No. 15; 1714, No. 7. ll)ld., 1711, No. 2. Sp. Arch., I, No. 1227. . .' . .\l~'.3l, S. lid. 1.. DH. 1716. No. 13: 1710, No, 7, Both in B-1811, Nxunbc. B-33, Sta. Cru1.. _ 10. Bur-16. Nmnln-, B. Sec.. bapt. of child. April 13, 1738, with Antonio Trujillo land Ana Maria 11. lhld., M. Sec. GENEALOGY: Archuleta, Marla Ignacia Archuleta, Desiderio Roybal. Romualdo Roybal, Chavez. 12. Sp. Arch., I. Nos. 294, 926, 929. 13. D.\[. 1694, Nos. 5, 7. 14. Ihl:l., 1710, No. 15. 15. OLC. p. 75. Cordoba as godparents.‘ B1-rnﬂrdn Trujillo, Julia Marla Josefa Quintana. Nlcolasa. Roybal, Fr. A. 16. Rift-h 0011.. Box 2, Nr). 54‘, Sp. Arch.. Lucero in 1797.5“ 28. Rllch (‘0Tl., Box 2. N0. 35. 29. lbld., Nos. 41, 42. -17, «I9, 50, 53. . Sp. Arrh., I, No. 7. ..\l¢~su. ('nn_\'on. otc.. p. 475. Both in Bur-16, Numhe. ‘59°.“'?‘SJ‘:“-.°’!°!" Antonio, June 26, 1741;” and Matias, March 3, 1745,his mother dying at his birth.“ In this same year, the following August, a Lazaro Trujillo married Maria Marquez de Ayala-,"'5it could have been the same man. Their son, Mariano, married Maria Andrea -5016-. 1719. No. 9; 1727. No. 2, and ‘.'\[-29, Stu. . . B-27. S. Junn. .. l).\I. 1710, No. 12. . Sp. Ari-h.. II. No. 498. . I).\l. 16.03, N0. 6. Incomplete. . . IlIld.. 1694, N0. 3. . Ihld., 1699, N0. 15: 1700. N0. 1. . Sp. ArrlI.. I. No. 828. . Il)|d.. II. Nos. 239. 234. . D.\[. 1715. No. 6. .. IhId.. 1730, no number: M-50, Sta. Fe. M-50. Sta. Ft-. 1, N05- 309. 750 .. mi. 17. Both in M-24. S. Ild. ' 18. DM, 1727, No. 1: Sp. Arch., 1. No. 513. 19. l\l—:I, Alhuq. . Old Santa Fe, Vol. III. pp. 332-373, A . OLC. 20. I!-In. Nnmlw, April 25. 21. lhld.. Bur. Sec. .2. I)“, ‘Hill-I. No. 129; 1695. No. 16. 3. lhld.. l(i!l'.2. N0. 4 4. 25. 26. 27. M-21. S. lid. 1).“. 1693, No. 5. lhId.. 1693, No. 13 Ib|d., 1694, No. 17. {Z98} mm, No. 15; 1704. No. 6: 1714. No. 1. . Sp. Ar1'h., I. NOS. 13319. 930. 1033. I1. 71'. .. Sp. .‘\r«~|I.. I. Nos. 1002. 930, 1031; II, )\'n_ __,,1_ . l|I|d.. N0. 1001!. . .\l-lﬂ, Nnmhf-: l).\I. 1717, No. 5. All in “-10. Nnmhﬁ. '. ll-2-I. S. lld. . . It-I6. Nnmhl‘. 55. 31-50. S111. Fe. 56. 11-17, Nnmbé. Cruz, IN THE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY Mclclzor Tru.ji.llo gave his age as nineteen in 1695, st.'1tin_i{that he was born in Santa l"e."”llc was reported killed by the Indians at Jemez in 1696.” Antonio ‘Trujillo was killed by Apaches sometime before 1705. His widow was_ Ana Du”r(in.""’ NICOLAS MORENO TRUJILLO, the son of Antonio and a native of Tacuba in the Valley of Mexico, was forty when he joined the colonists of 1693 with his grown family. He was graying, with a large forehead and rather deepset eyes. His wife, Maria Ruiz de Aguilera, the daughter of Nicolas and born in Mexico City, was thirty-four, with big eyes and joined eyebrows. Their children were: Gertrudis, fifteen, married to Miguel de Quintana;“° José Da 57. DM, 1695, No. 18. 58. 0111Santa Fe, Inc. clt. 59. DM. 1705, No. 7. mirin, seven, who accompanied another mar ried sister, E.x'I.(’f(mia., and her husband Jose dc Atienza; José Joaquin, six, also with the Atienzas; Maria de Guadalupe, thirteen, born in Mexico City, with an aquiline face and dark complexion; Juana Teresa, also born in Mexico City, having a round face, a rather flat nose, and a scar on the brow; and Mi caela Antonia, two, a native of Mexico City, with a broad face, small wide nose, and a high forehead.“ One of the single girls, Juana Teresa, mar ried Sebastian Lujén in 1705.“?In this same year their father, tired and New Mexico, asked to return and permission was granted come at his own expense.“ disappointed in to Mexico City, because he had The three mar ried daughters stayed behind with their hus bands, although ,one of the latter, Lujan, tried in vain to go along. 61. Sp. Ax-ch., II, No. 54c. G2. 1).“. 17%, No. 6. 60. See Qulntnnn. genealogy, note 20. 63. Sp. Arch., II. No. 108. ULIBARRI JUAN DE ULIBARRI and his brother AN TONIO came to New Mexico with the Re conquest. Juan was twenty-four in 1694when he declared that he had been born in San Luis Potosi} In vouching for Juan’s brother Antonio in 1727, Fray Antonio Pérez of San Juan Pueblo deposed that the man’s name was “de los Reyes, here Ulibarri,” and that he was a native of San Luis de la Paz in the City of Mexico, the son of José Enriquez de los Reyes and Maria de Ynojos.” Juan was a captain and second in command at the Santa Fe garrison in 1704, and also Procurator in 1706.“ He “liberated” the Picuris Indians from the Apaches in 1706-07, and brought them back from El Cuartelejo to their Pu eblo.’*His wife at this time was Juana Hur 1. DM, 1691, No. 2-1. 2. Sn. Arch., II, No. 343. 3. AASF. No. 15. tado,” by whom he seems to have had a son, Antonio (see Note 9 below). By 1711 he was married to Francisca de Mizquia, widow of Bernardo Duran y Chaves, who petitioned the Viceroy to release her husband from detention in Mexico City, where he had been summoned, as she claim ed, because of the lies and tricks of the Ta foya brothers.“ Both Juan and his second wife were dead by 1718.’His children, if any, by either wife, are not known. An Antonio Ulibarri was mentioned as his son in 1704,” but this might have been his brother, as dis cussed further on. Juan’s name is found carved on Inscription Rock, dated 1701.“ ANTONIO DE ULIBARRI is once men tioned as the son of Juan.“ He could well 6. DH. 1711, No. 7. 4. A01, Mcx., Aud., leg. 561, list-tltlc N0. 723: llllch Coll” 7. Fan. Arch.. II, No. 29-1. 7:1. AASI-‘, No. 16. 5. B-13, Bern.. 1706. 8. 9. Box 2. No. 44. Mesa, Canyon, ctc.. p. 473. AASF, loc. cit. [299} ORIGINS ()1-‘ NEW M1"..\'I(‘.() I"/\l\“l[I.lES have been :1 much ymnigger h.'1If- or step—b1'o mis::ion.'n'i<-s."' ther. Antonio was married to Maﬁa I)1min 1/ no chiltlrvn, but I'(‘£ll‘(‘fl a girl, Rosa de Armi jo, who war; suiirig him for her zuloptetl mo Ch.a'ucs by l7ll."’ .l"ro1n*l7l/1 on he war; /11. calde of Laguna, Acoma, and Zuni, where he destroyed estufas by order of Gov. Mogollon. He also took part in important campaigns, like those of 1706 and 1716.“ In 1731 he was Alcalde Mayor of Santa Fe, and War Cap tain, when he testified favorably about ‘he 10. DM, 1711, No. 1. 11. Bnnrmft-, N.\l(), 1714, 1745; Sp. Arch., II. No. 311. 12. Crespo, pars. 233, 254. He um] lVl.'n'|':1(le (,Th.'nv(-s had ther’s inheritance.” Antonio married again, but it is not known what children he had by the second wife. He died on November 2, 1762, more than eighty years old; his wife at this time was Teresa Rael.” 13. Sp. Art-l|., I, No. 236. 14. Bur--I8. Stn. Fe. URBAN Juan de Urban lost his wife, Micaela de Linares, on January 3, 1728.‘ Their origin is unknown, and if they had any children, are likely ancestors of people by this name. However, records abound with Urban peo ple who are descended from Antonio Urban Montano. (See Montaﬁo, Lucas.) 1. Rurwtﬂ, Sta. Fe. URIOSTE Martin de Urioste, an Alférez, appeared with Maria Gomez Robledo as a Wedding witness in 1696.‘But he is not heard of again, and the name does not appear again until the middle of the century. June 30, 1775; Maria Cristina, November 13, 1776; Maria Magdalena, July 23, 1778; and Xavier, June 5, 1785.“ Iuan de Urioste and Josefa Vargas had a son, Juan, who was twenty-seven when he November 11, 1761; Maria Antonia, May 7, 1766; Antonio Felix, June 4, 1773; Maria Con cepcion, December 12, 1775;“ and José Anto enlisted as a soldier in 1771.”He is ‘most like ly the following man, while Felix and José could be his brothers. Juan de Urioste and Maria Luz Griego (Gil Formosa or Giltoméy) had the following children between 1762 and 1778: Lorenzo, September 6, 1762;Juana Rafaela, November At the same time, Felix Urioste and Josefa Romero had these children: Maria Barbara, nio, who was nineteen when he enlisted in 1779.5 4, 1765; José Miguel, December 18, 1769; Ma In the same period, Iosé Urioste and Juana Crespin had the following: Maria Juana, Au gust 3, 1773; Maria Encarnacion, March 25, 1776; Maria Rosalia, April, 1777; and Juana ria Joscfa, March 13, 1773; Juan Toinasa. September 1. 2. HM. 1696. No. 15. lI.\'N.\l, MII. l‘npers. 3. All In I}, Sin. [300] F1.-. Bautista, 4. [MIL 5. ll.\'.\'.\l. luv. 01!. 0. All In ll, Sta. Fr. 19. 1782." IN THE EIGHTEENTII CENTURY VALEN CIA Antonio de Valencia, nicknamed “El Tata,” lived in Santa Fe in 1704with his wife, Luisa Varela Jaramillo.‘ A soldier, he gave his age as twenty—seven in 1697.”A daughter, Juana, was the wife of Alonso Rodriguez.” Antonio de Valencia of Guadalupe del Paso married Manuela Madrid in 1710,but it is not clear whether the -marriage took place there or in Santa Fe.“ This is all that was left of a once numerous family. AASF. No. 16. D31, 1697. No. 8. Ibld., 1705, Nos. 2, 6. ls-10, Nnmbe, Bur. Sec. DM, 1710, No. 13. Cristobal de Valencia died on August 4, 1729.‘ EJ‘:“.°°.*°!*‘ VALENZUELA Francisco Iurado de Valenzuela, a native of Zacatecas and soldier of Santa ‘Fe, the son of Juan Jurado de Valenzuela and Teresa Cav ieles, married Maria Leonor Dominguez in 1694,He gave his age as twenty.‘ Bartolo de Valenzuela, of La Canada de Cochiti, was in prison in 1762 when his wife, Barbara Gallegos, was asking for his release? Martin de Valenzuela and his wife were referred to, in passing, as living in Pojoaque Avila on January 20, 1755.‘ in 1703.2 Raymundo Valenzuela married Antonia de 1. 2. 3. 4. DM, 1694, Nos. 10, 1.3. AASF, No. 15. Bancroft, NMO, 1762. M-27, S. Juan. VALDES JOSE LUIS VALDES was a native of the City of Oviedo in Spain, and thirty years old in 1694.‘ Two years later he was a ser geant at Santa Cruz? His wife was Maria Medina cle Cabrera, a native of Mexico City, who came with him in the colony of 1693 with their two children: José, four, and Ana, one and a half? girls, Ana married Lazaro Antonio Cordoba in 1710;" Catalina, nicknamed “La Prieta,” was murdered in 1713 by her husband, Mi guel Lujan. Her mother was still living in this year and gave her age as forty.“ A Ro salia, mentioned below, might have been an other daughter. José Luis was killed by the Zuﬁi Indians in the Mission church of Zuﬁi while he and two other Spanish soldiers were singing an alabado after Mass, on Sunday, March 4, Iosé Valdés is heard of only once after wards, as being the natural father of Fran cisco Valdés, whose mother was Josefa de Ontiveros, later the wife of a certain Bustos, or Bustillos. They were all residents of Santa 1703.‘ After arriving in New Mexico, this couple had four more children: Ignacio Luis, Cata lina, Juan Lorenzo, and Domingo. Of the Cruz. Francisco Valdés, when sixteen, married Lugarda Martin at Santa Cruz on October 11, {am} ORIGINS OF NLW MEXICO FAMILIES 1723.’ They had a girl, Francisca, December 12, 1726.“ After Lugarda’s dcath, Francisco married Tomasa de Bcnavides, by whom he had three children, two girls who died young, and a son, Alejandro, who grew up to marry Manuela Urioste but died without issue prior to 1762.“This Alejandro had had some trou ble as a soldier of the Santa Fe garrison in 1759.” Old Francisco registered some cattle brands in 1752 as “Francisco Valdés y Bustos.”“ Ignacio Luis Valdés was nineteen years old and living in Santa Fe in 1721,when he mar ried Gertrudis Dominguez, of unknown par entage.” Iucrn Lorenzo Valdés married J osefa de Sal azar at Santa Cruz on May 2, 1729.” With Ignacio and Rosalia Valdés he was sued by Torres people regarding some land in Rio Arriba.“ This Rosalia could well be the Rosa Valdés who acted as a sponsor with her son, Juan 1. DM. 1694, Nos. 27, 28, 32. 2. 111111.,1696, 3. 4. BNM, leg. 4. Pt. 1. DP. 790-%. Doc. HI.-at. dc Mex.. p. 183; entered In the burial register No. 14. 7. DM, 1723. N0. 6. by Fr. Yrazabal on June 17. 1709 (Bur-48, Zuﬁl). 5. DM, 1710, No. 19; Sp. Arch., II, No. 187. 6. Sp. Arch., loc. clt. 8. B-16, Nambé. 9. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 104. Valdés, on January 7, 1739,” and was very likely a sister to Juan Lorenzo and the others. Domingo Valdés married Ana Maria Md?‘ quez, grand-daughter of Ana Maria Pache co.‘°.In 1745 he notarized a declaration stat ing that his family and that of his wife were all “Spanish and Old Christians.” In it he mentioned a daughter, Angela. Francisca, who was the wife of José Romo de Vera.“ An Antonio Valdés, widowed of Pascuala del Rio, married Manuela Sanchez, widow of Manuel Montes Vigil, September 23, 1737.13 * * * * * * * * Gregorio Valdés, who was High Sheriff, Regent, and Secretary of Government at the time of the Indian Rebellion of 1680,was not a New Mexico Colonist. He had a wife, two sons, and a small daughter at the time, but they had left the refugee colony at Guada lupe del Paso by 1681.” He probably belong ed to the old gubernatorial family of Nueva Vizcaya. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Ibld.. II, No. 535. Twlt. Coll., No. 133. , DM. 1721, No. 3. Ibld., 1729, No. 2. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 1004. B-10. Nambé. Sp. Arch., I, Nos. 717, 1043. Ibld., I. No. 1052: II. No. 464. 51-29, Sta. Cmz. Revolt, I, p. 137; BNM, leg. 2. Pt. 3, if. 267, 271. VALER I O Iosé Valerio Martinez and his wife, Nicolasa del Rosal, we e listed among the colonists of 1693.1But it is not known if they actually reached New Mexico. If they did, they could very well be the parents of later Valerio in dividuals. Martin Valerio, a native of Sombrerete, was forty—eight years old in 1730, married, and residing in Santa Fe.” He was referred to as 1: 2. 3. BNM, leg. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 790-95. DM, 1730, no number. B-16, Nambé. [302] “Martin Ferndndez Valerio’-’ at Pojoaque, May 12, 1748.3 Felipe Valerio of Clrimayo married Man uela Mestas of Pojoaque, on October 1, 1741.‘ Some of their children were: Maria Gertru dis, March 12, 1745; Antonia Barrbara, Janu ary 18, 1750; and Tomas Antonio, February 15, 1754.“ Marcelino Valerio and Luisa Martin of Abi quiu had a child, Valentina, March 3, 1747.“ 4. IMIL. M. Sec. 5. lhld. 6. B-31, Sta. Clam. IN THE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY VALLEJO ' (Vallejo Gonzalez) MANUEL VALLEJO GONZALEZ, or GONZALEZ VALLEJO, was the son of Juan, born in Acazingo, and thirty-three when he joined the 1693 colonists with his thirty-one year-old wife, Mavria Lopez de Arteaga. He was tall, dark, and bald, with large eyes. With them came a seven-year-old child by Manuel’s previous marriage, Angela Teresa; she was born in Mexico City, and had a dark complexion, big eyes and forehead, and a thick nose. Her father was a blacksmith by trade.‘ Manuel’s second wife died during child birth on the journey, at El Puesto de Collo sillas, and was buried in the convent church of San Francisco de Santiago in Querétaro.“ After reaching Santa Fe, Manuel married Mariana Hurtado, on November 7, -1694. He gave his age as thirty-four, and his parents, Juan Gonzalez Vallejo, deceased, and Ana Gonzalez.-°‘ In 1698 he sold his grant at Santa Cruz,‘ and moved to his new wife’s country in the Rio Abajo. Two known sons by Mariana were Antonio, married to Micaela Silva, and Lugardo, to Rosa Romero. Angela Teresa, the little girl of Manuel’s first marriage and who made the long trip from Mexico City to San ta Fe with her twice-widowed father, be came the wife of Miguel Lucero,5 and later of Matias Romero.“ Antonio Vallejo married Micaela Silva in Albuquerque in 1'718.°She died on December 22, 1726, leaving two daughters, Matilde and Catalina.’ He then married Casilda Jaramillo 1. Sp. Arch., II, No. 54c: BNM, leg. 1, Pt. 1, pp. 790-95. BNM, loc. clt., pp. 830-34; DM, 1694, No. 19. 2. 3. 4. DM, me. on. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 293. ‘ 5. GENEALOGY: Angela Teresa Vallejo. Miguel Lucero II, Manuel Lucero, Maria Manuela Lucero, Tomas Baca, Nlcanora Baca. Fabian Chavez. Fr. A. Chavez. 5a. GENEALOGY: Angela Teresa VEHPJO,Tadéo Romero, Mn ria Manuela Romero, José Chavez, Jose Chavez II, Eugenio Chavez, Fabian Chavez, Fr. A. Chavez. 6. DM, 1718, No. 7. in 1727,but died the following year in June at the'age of thirty—six.“He made his last will in Santa Fe, in which he gave his par ents’ names, those of his first wife and their two girls, stating that he had no children by the second.“ Casilda then married Lorenzo Griego in April, 1728.10 Lugcrrdo Vallejo was mentioned as Anto nio’s brother in the latter’s will. He married Rosa Romero, by whom he had the following family: ’ Juan, born in 1730; Ignacio Alberto, June 9, 1731,“ who married Maria Luna in 1756;" Juan Manuel, March 13, 1733; Bernardino de Sena, May 22, 1735;” Gertrudis, September 18, 1740; Bernarda de la Luz, October 3, 1743; and Maria Polonia, February 20, 1746.“ Juan Vallejo was married to Angelina Va rela Jaramillo as early as 1716.” He died at the age of fifty on June 4, 1748.16His widow, when she died at Fuenclara, June 19, 1762, was called Angelina Jojola." Perhaps Juan was a brother of Antonio and Lugardo, there being no data to link him with them. * * * * * III all It Bernardo Vallejo was a natural son of Pe dro Duran y Chaves II, bachelor son of old Pedro D. y Chaves,“ perhaps by a Vallejo girl. Bernardo married Francisca Silva, by whom he had several children: .Brigida«,Oc tober 11, 1728,” who married her second cou sin, Toribio Garcia Jurado in 1766;” Maria Feliciana, March 5, 1731;“ Manuela, Febru ary 8, 1742;” and Luis, August 28, 1744.“ 10. M—3. Albuq. 11. 12. 13. 14. Both in B-2, Albuq. 31-11, Islam. Both in B-2. Alhuq. The three in B-57, lsleta. 15. l).\I. 1716. N0. 1. 16. llur—2. Albuq. 17. Ihid. 18. l))[, 1766. in Aibuq., no number. 1!). I!-2. Albuq. 7. Bur-2, Albuq.; Sp. Arch.. I, No. 82. 8. M-3, Albuq.; Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 9. Sp. Arch., loc. clt. [3o3} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES ' . VALVERDE DON ANTONIO VALVERDE Y COSIO, acting Governor of New Mexico from 1717to 1722,was an uncle of Governor Juan Domin go Bustamante.’ He commanded the Presidio at Guadalupe del Paso in 1705.” In 1719 he led a campaign against the Utes and Cuman ches, the journal of which is quite interest ing.3 In 1722 he bought Busta-mante’s prop erty in Guadalupe del Paso,‘ where he re sided until his death on December 15, 1728. He was buried inside the old Mission there.-" Valverde was not very popular with the Spanish or the Indian people of New Mex ico.“ He was a member of the Conquistadora Confraternityﬁ A daughter of his seems to have been a Dona Juana de Valverde y Cosio, who was the wife of Juan Antonio Pérez Velarde at Guadalupe del Paso in 1725.8The Garcia de Noriega family there also married into the Valverde and Velarde families.” * t It * * =0! * * CRISTOBAL VALVERDE, the son of Juan, and born in Mexico City at La Merced, joined the colonists of 1693 when nineteen years old. He was dark, with large eyes, a broad nose, and three moles on the right side of the nose. His wife, Ynez de Aspeitia, sev enteen, the daughter of Bartolomé, was born in Mexico City at Santa Catalina. She was dark, with big eyes and a sharp nose. They brought a daughter, Teresa Marria, two years old, also born in Mexico City, who 1. Sp. An-h., II, No. 319. 2. Rm-h Coll.. Box 2, No. 39. 3. Bancroft. NMO, 1719. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. S1). Arch., 1, No. 1031. Bun-., Guad. del Paso (Juarez). BNM. leg. 6, No. 11; Ocaranza, pp. 183-90. 0L0, pp. 73. 77. AGN. Mcx., Inq., t. 832. 2. 345. Sn. Arch., I, No. 414; II, No. 473. lbld., II. No. 54c. 1 [304] was fair with black hair, eyes, and eyebrows. With them also came Cristobal’s fourteen year—old brother, Miguel Ruiz, a native of Mexico City, who had curly hair and large eyes.” Ynez de Aspeitia was godmother to an In dian baptized at Taos in July, 1715.“ * if * * * * III * NICOLAS VALVERDE was a native of Parral, married and living in New Mexico in 1716, when he gave his age as fifty.” He worked as a laborer in the reconstruction of San Miguel Chapel in Santa Fe in 1710.” He received initial grants of land on the Chama river immediately after the Reconquest.“ Antonio Valverde, living in Chama in 1748, underwent trial with his three sons, Juan Domingo, Alberto, and Pedro (fourteen), for assaulting a certain José Manuel Trujillo. The three sons were still single.” Antonio’s wife was Maria Antonia Casillas, who had Pedro on August 28, 1732.” Their three boys married as follows: Juan Domingo married Juana Cordoba at Chama, July 26, 1758.” Alberto married Quiteria Manzanares on January 22, 1755.” A son of theirs, Juan Mi guel, married Maria Trinidad Hurtado of Al buquerque in 1779.” Pedro married Micaela Trujillo on April 23, 1754.” 11. B-45. Taos. 12. D31. 1716. No. 10. 13. Kubler, p. 19. 14. Sp. Arch., I, Nos. 167, 437, 926. 15. Ibld., II, No. 498. 16. B. Sta. Clara. 17. M. Stu. Clara. 18. lhltl. 10. DM. 1790. ln A1buq., no number. 20. M, Stu. Clara. IN THE l'JlGll'l‘l12l!IN'l‘ll CENTURY VARELA (Varela de Losada) CRISTOBAL VARELA, twenty—six years old in 1699, was then living in Bernalillo} He and Clementa dc Ortega had the follow ing children: Joaquin, July 31, 1701;Antonio, Iosé Varela, husband of Juana Rodarte, died in Santa Fe, February 27, 1733, at the age of eighty. She died on November 30, 1745,more than seventy years old.“ June 12, 1704;3 Salvador, December 10, 1706; Marciala, February 15, 1709; and Antonia Manuela, June 12, 1711.3 Iocxquin Varela married Juana Garcia at Albuquerque in 1720.4A son, Juan Esteban, was born on January 2, 1729.5Joaquin died the following year at Guadalupe del Paso.° Salvador Varela married Maria Antonia Ri bera in 1725.7They had a son, Pedro, in July, 1726.8 * * III * * * =l= II! JACINTO VARELA was the son of Juan Varela, brother of Luisa Varela who married a Romero (Bartolomé) prior to the Recon quest.” His wife was Valentina Gonzalez, by whom he had the following children: Gregorio, March 19, 1735, who married Juana Catalina Torres on May 6, 1759;” Ma ria Magdalena, September 4, 1741;“ Josefa, wife of Tomas Montoya?” and Antonio, who married Gertrudis Pacheco, March 19, 1766.” DM, 1699. No. 8. It is very possible that some of the Varela Jaramillo people also adopted the single ap pellation of “Varela,” though most of them were afterwards known as “Jaramillo.” * * * * * * * * Manuel Ramos made his last will at Santa Cruz in 1750,stating that he was a native of New Mexico, and had been married to Maria de la Encarnacién Montoya, by whom he had four boys and two girls, “all legitimate Va relas.” These‘ were: Antonio, Juan, Marce lino, Sebastian, Petrona, and Maria.” 10. B-2, Alhuq.; M-ll, Isleta. Both in B-13, Bern. Al) in B-2. Albuq. B-2, Albuq. Bu:-., Guru]. del Pnso (Juarez). 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. B-2, Albuq. DM, 1777. in Albuq., no number. 17. All in B-2, Albuq. 18. Sn. Arch., I, No. 768. DM, 1720, No. 5. DM, 1725, No. 3. 5°5”."'.°‘FJ‘:“P°!°!" Antonio Varela and Juana de la Cruz were married on October 1, 1704.” They were called Antonio Jorge and Juana Ansures when two children, Ana and Casilda, were baptized, August 2, 1705, and February 17, 1707.” Then, Varela and Ansures at the bap tism of Bernarda, November 1, 1708; and fi nally Carvajal and Maese at that of Sebas tian, February 2, 1711.” B-2, Albuq. D.\l. lac. cit. M-3, Albuq. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. B-13, Bl-m., M. Sec. 16. Il)|cI., B. Sec. VARGAS Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujdn Ponce de Leon, the great Reconquistador of New Mexico, of an ancient and noble Castilian family, did not leave any descendants in New Mexico. Nor is there any record or hint of natural children here. With him during the Reconquest period were two illegitimate sons, Don Juan Manuel, twelve years of age, and Don Alonso, eleven, who stayed with their illustrious father until his untimely death in 1704,when he ordered a trusted of ficer friend and a servant to accompany the [305] O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES youths back to New Spain.‘ For a brief but complete life of the man, soc José Manuel Espinosa, First Expedition of Vargas Into New Mexico.” * * III 10: III * * mayo.“ SEBASTIAN DE VARGAS married Maria de Leyva in 1696. He was twenty—two at the time? By 1708 he was a captain.“ In 1731 he gave his age as fifty-five.” His wife died on July 20, 1742, when he was referred to as a “Maestro,” and he died “a widower more than eighty years old” on October 19, 1757.” He belonged to the Confraternity of La Con quistadora, and was the man who made the iron spikes and nails for the restoration of San Miguel Chapel.“ Several land transfers Sp. Arch.. I, No. 1027. Also for religious depth, OLC, pp. 7-10. 53-5. 3. DM. 1694. No. 18'. 1696. No. 10. 5. 6. 7. 8. lbld., 1714, No. 4. Sp. Arch., I, No. 260. DM. 1696, No. 10. Ibld., 1708, No. 1. 4. mid. A Sebastiana dc Vargas, who married a Marcos Montoya, January 27, 1709,” might have been his daughter. But she could also have been his niece, or even a member of the distinct Vargas Machuca family. it MANUEL FERNANDEZ DE VARGAS, and his brother SEBASTIAN, came to New Mexico with the Reconquest from Guadala jara, their birthplace, They were the sons of Gabriel de Vargas and Juana Fernandez, both deceased.3 Manuel de Vargas was a tailor by trade, and nineteen years old when he married Luisa Pascuala de la Cruz at San Lorenzo, on January 6, 1695.‘ She was called Lucia (Luisa) Ruiz when their daughter, Manuela, married Diego Martin in 1714. By this time her father was dead.‘ The mother is again mentioned in 1716 as a widow living in Chi 1. 2. were made by him in and around Santa Fe between 1710 and 1751.” * * * * lk * * * JUAN DE VARGAS MACHUCA was at Guadalupe del Paso in 1681,single and eigh teen years of age when he passed muster in that year.“ His wife was Ana Olguin, and a daughter of theirs, Rosa, became the wife of Blas Martin in 1705. Both her parents were dead at this time.” The following man was in all likelihood Rosa’s brother, Tomds de Vargas Machucc: and his wife, Maria Benavides, were sponsors for a child, January 12, 1726.“ He died a widower on February 3, 1737.” Francisco de Vargas, husband of Maria Ro driguez, died on November 21, 1736.” * It * =01 30! =01 * * Eusebio de Vargas, a captain mentioned as a witness in 1694,” was also the leader of a company of Vargas’ soldiers in a campaign of that year.” He is not heard of again. Ban croft thought he might be a brother of the Governor.“ 11. 01.0. p. 70; Kublcr, p. 5. 12._Sp. Arch., I. Nos. 30, 85, 166, 428. 640, 1033. 13. M-24. S. Ild. 14. Ilnvalt. II, pp. 44-5, 194. 15. D51. 1705, No. 1. 16. 151-29, Sta. Cruz. 17. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. Ibld 19'. D51.-1694. No. 5. 9. Bancmﬂ, NMO, 173L 10. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 20. NMIIR, Vol. XI. No. 2, p. 184. 21. nm. of N. M., p. 210. VASQUEZ JOSE VASQUEZ DE LARA, the son of Mi guel Vésquez de Lara and Juana de Alcalé, deceased, came as a soldier of the Recon quest. He was born at Nuestra Senora de San [306] Juan, Villa de Los Lagos. On February 3, 1694,he married Maria Magdalena Baca.‘ He acted as a notary for the friars in 1700.’ A daughter, Maria, married Diego Padilla, wi IN THE EIG.lITEENTII CENTURY dowed of Catalina Gutierrez, in 1713 at Ber nalillo.” 3|! It * 9!! III * ill years old in 1715, lived at Santa Cruz with his wife, Francisca dc Torres." * Juan Antonio Vasquez de la ‘Cnuzwas a na tive of Tepozotlan, the son of Alonso Vas quez and Ana Maria. He was seventeen in 1697 when he married Josefa de la Rosa, twenty, daughter of Nicolas Arias and Lo renza de la Cruz, all of Zacatecas.‘ Iosé Vésquez, a maker of carretas, twenty Antonio Vasquez, of unknown parentage, married Gertrudis Muniz at Santa Fe in 1714.“ 1. 2. 3. 1).“, 160-1, No. 33. lh|(l., 1700, N0. 1. Ibld., 1713, N0. 1. GENEALOGY: Marin Vﬁsquez do Lnrn, Francisco Padilla, Przmcisca Padilla, Mariano Torres. Maria RitaChavez. Torres. José Chavez. Eugenio Chavez, Fabian Chavéz, Fr. A. 4. lbld., 1697, No. 8. 5. Sn. Arch., II, No. 2390. 6. DM, 1714, No. .11. VEGA Francisco Blanco de la Vega, fifteen years of age, was among the convicts of 1677. He was a native of Puebla, the son of Andrés, dark, with thick eyebrows and s-mall eyes} He was killed by the Indians at Picuris in 1680.2He might have married and had chil dren in those three years. Juan de la Vega and Maria Madrid, both natives of New Mexico, were dead by 1716 when their daughter, Juana, married Juan de Ledesma in Santa Fe.‘ Guadalajara, married Dominga de la Concep cion in 1705. They were former slaves of Governor Cuervo.‘ Francisco de la Vega and Antonia de la Concepcion were wedding witnesses in 1694.5 Simona de Vega, daughter of Antonio de Vega and Antonia Hernandez of San Luis Potosi, was the wife of a Juan Morones, liv ing in Santa Fe in 1706.“ All these people were of low estate. B-H, III, pp. 317-24. Revolt, I, p. 98. * * * III Felipe Vega, twenty, * * # III a widower from P"S-":“5*’!~‘!" DM. 1716. No. 12. Ibld., 1705, No. 9. Ibld.. 1694, No. 29. AGN, Mex., 1nq.. t. 735, t. 273. VEGA y COCA MIGUEL DE‘LA VEGA Y COCA, the son of Cristobal de la Vega and born in the City of Mexico, came to New Mexico with the colonists of 1693. He was sixteen years old, was thirty, a native of Mexico City, having an aquiline face, large eyes, and a small nose.‘ Her other young daughter was the wife of José Luis Valdés. fair-complexioned, with an aquiline face and small eyes. His wife, Manuela de Medina, was also sixteen; she was the daughter of Alonso, dark, with big eyes and a rather thick nose. With them came her mother, Josefa de Ca brera, the widow of Alonso de Medina. She Miguel’s young wife died not long after their arrival, for in 1699, while residing at Santa Cruz, he married Maria Montoya.’ From around the years 1727 to 1731 he was Alcalde Mayor of Taos and Picuris? His sec ond wife died in Santa Fe, where they now resided, on August 22, 1750.‘ All his known [3073 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES children were girls, perhaps all by his second wife, and each one -madea good marriage. Feliciana (possibly by his first wife) mar ried Don Bernardo de Bustamante y Tagle;"" Francisca was the wife of Manuel Tenorio de Alba;-" Apolonia married Antonio Baca;“ Ma ria became the wife of Manuel Baca;7 Leo narda married Toribio Alejandro Ortiz in 1735;“Isabel was married to Miguel de Alire in 1728;”Marcelina Antonia married Manuel Ortiz in 1735;” and (presumably) Margarita, who was the wife of Juan Tenorio de Alba.“ Iucm dc Coca and his wife, Margarita» Bus tamantc, had a child, Ynez, April 21, 1748, for whom Don Bernardo Bustamante and Rosa Bustamante were the godparents.“-’But there is nothing to show if this couple actual ly belonged to these two families, or were merely servants. Old Miguel was sometimes referred to sim ply as “Coca,”” as also some of the daughters when they were married. Juan de Coca could very well be his son, and the progenitor of the Coca family, for the double surname did not survive as such. 1. Sp. Arrh., II, No. 546. 2. 3. DM, 1699. No. 1. Crespo, pars. 135, 137. 5. Sp. Arch., I, Nos. 440, 652. Ihld., N0. 88. Ibid. M-50, Sta. Fe; Sp. Arch., I, No. 652. 9. lbld. 10. M-50, Sta. Fe. 4. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. 421.GENEALOGY: Fcllclann do la Vega y Coca, Josefa Bus tamante. Marla Joscfa Ortiz. Jose Maria Alari, Marla Dolores Alzirid, Romualdo Roybal. Nlcolasa Roybal, Fr. A. Chavez. lhld. 12: B-62, Sta. Fe. 13. Sp. AI-ch., I, Nos. 85. 166. VELARDE JUAN ANTONIO PEREZ VELARDE was a native of Muriedas, Valle de Camargo, in Asturias, baptized on April 28, 1702,who was living at Guadalupe del Paso in 1725, when he was appointed High Sheriff of the Holy Office. He wasialso Hermano Mayor of the Third Order of St. Francis. His parents were Francisco Escajedo and Maria Velarde. His wife was Dona Juana de Valverde y Cosio} In his capacity as High Sheriff of the Inqui sition, he arrested Francisco Xavier Romero of Santa Cruz as a “somético” in 1728.2 Manuel Velctrde de Cosio of Guadalupe del Paso was, in all likelihood, a son of Velarde and his Cos1'o'wife. Manuel’s wife was Lu garda Lucero de Godoy. One of their daugh ters, Rosalia, married José Garcia de Norie ga; their daughter, Carmen Garcia de Norie ga, married Francisco Ortiz y Bustamante of Santa Fe, and these were the parents of the Rev. Rafael Ortiz? * * * * * II! it it Juan Francisco Velarde of Guadalupe del Paso, the son of Francisco Vclarde and Ma [308] ria Velarde, came to Albuquerque in 1787 and married Manuela Lopez, daughter of Mi guel Lopez and Manuela de Herrera.‘ In 1790, he was twenty, and she was twenty two. They had a son, nine years old, and a daughter who was eight? * * it it * * * * Nicolas Velctrdeand Leonardo Tenorio were living at La Soledad in Rio Arriba when a son, Nicolas Antonio, was born on April 17, 1779.“Another son, José Manuel, was twenty seven when he enlisted as a soldier in 1781.“ Joaquin Velarde and Juana Garcia de Norie ga were living at La Hoya in Rio Arriba. Two children of theirs were José Rafael, born December 5, 1779, and Maria Luisa, May 7, 1786.’ Iosé Manuel Velcrrde and his Wife, Maria Manuela Perea,livcd across the Rio del Norte from La Soledad in the Chama district. A daughter, Maria Josefa, was born there on May 28, 1802; an older daughter, Maria An IN THE l".ICll’l‘l'Il".N'l‘ll CICNTURY Ioniu, acted as a sponsor with her fzither, June 7, 1804.“They also had a married son, Jose Miguel, whose wife -was Maria Concep cion Duran. At the baptism of their child, 1. 2. 3. XXV, 4. mm, M4-x.. Inq., t. 832, 1. 345. sp. Arrh., II, No. ms; ]!nn('r0I‘t, NMO, 1728. Twlt. No. 2'3-1; HSNM, No. 2828; cf., NMIHI, Vi No. -1.Cu|l., pp. 265-295. DM, 1787, in Albuq., no number. Maria Encarnncion, March 26, 1804, Jose Mi guel’s parents were the sponsors. He and his Perea mother were godparents together in 1805." 5. Sn. Arch.. II, No. 1002b. 6. 11-42. 9. Juan. 6:1. IIHNM. Mil. Papers. 7. B-42, S. Junn. 8. H-3], Sta. Clam. 9. lbld. VELASQUEZ (Ve lasco and Velcisquez) CRISTOBAL VELASCO came to New Mexico in 1677 as a convict. He was twenty five, the son of Francisco, and born in Mex ico City, Calle de San Francisco; he was tall, it was in charge of Fray Francisco Farfén on arrival. fair and freckled, with small deep-set eyes. His sentence was to last six years in military service.‘ When the Indians rebelled in 1680 he was already an Alférez, passing muster as a convict, married in New Mexico, with one small child and two female servants.‘ He ran away from the refugee colony at Guadalupe Francisco de Velasco was an eighteen-year old Bachiller, or advanced clerical student, who was sentenced by an ecclesiastical judge to serve two years as a soldier in 1677 (and was thus cut off fro-m further advancement to the priesthood). He was the son of José, and also born in Mexico City at the Calle de San Francisco.’ Evidently, he was at least a del Paso in 1692,?‘but was caught, or returned voluntarily, to play an important part in the Vargas Reconquest. His wife was Josefa de Carvajal, daughter of Maria Marquez.‘ first cousin of Cristobal de Velasco. By 1680, Francisco was married, with one little daugh ter, and acting as a clerk to the Cabildo of Santa Fe, when the Indians struck and the colonists fled to Guadalupe del Paso.‘ Since his term was up, he must have returned to New Spain, for he is not heard of again. By 1693 he was a captain, and working hard for Vargas as a recruiter of colonists in Mexico City, or Espaﬁoles-Mexicanos, Span ish people from the City and Valley of Mex ico. His charges were still in Mexico City on 1|! * * * * * * 3|! March 21, 1693; they reached Durango on August 19, and Parral on September 1, 1693.5 DIEGO DE VELASCO, sometimes referred They arrived at Guadalupe del Paso well be to by others as “Velasquez,” signed his fore the end of the year, but did not arrive in name, “Velasco.”9 In 1694 he married Maria Santa Fe until June 23, 1694,“six months af de Tapia, or Herrera, a natural daughter of ter the battle of Santa Fe. Hence, save for Ana Lopez. He was born in Guadiana (Du certain individuals who must have joined up rango in New Spain), the son of Lorenzo Ve as soldiers, these people did not take part in lasco and Josefa de Palavis, deceased.” He the actual Reconquest of New Mexico. Var gas used a large number of them to found gave his age as thirty-seven in 1705,when he the Villa of Santa Cruz. declared that he was a carpenter and a na tive of Durango.“ Both he and his wife in Cristobal Velasco and his family are not heard of again; they very likely went back herited her mother’s property in Santa Fe." to New Spain. They perhaps did not even In 1713 she was referred to as the wife of come north with the Mexico City colony, as Velasquez the Lame Carpenter.” He was the [309] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Master Carpenter in charge of the recon struction of San Miguel Chapel in 1710.“ In 1712 Diego killed Miguel de Herrera, who had come to assault him in his own house. Diego referred to his known lameness in denying his guilt, but was found guilty of manslaughter. His sentence, as a Master Car penter, was to work on the new parish church of Santa Fe, and to build barges for crossing the Rio del Norte at San Felipe and Guadalupe del Paso.” Diego was still living in 1746, at Santa Cruz, and still acknowl Juan Esteban Velérsquez, son of the above pair, returned home from his evasion of mili tary duty, and proceeded to rear a large fam ily at La Cuchilla in the Santa Clara district. On December 20, 1772, he married Juana Apodaca, or Valverde, in Santa Fe.“ They had at least nine children between 1773 and 1790.” He died at La Cuchilla on October 8, 1819, at the age of eighty.“ He and his wife also reared an orphan or, perhaps, illegitimate Ortiz girl, MarianLoreta, who married Mariano Roybal on June 27, edged as the “Maestro Ca7*pintero.”1° 1781.” Reference was made during the trial to a son of his whose name was not given. This might have been a second Diego, or a José Inocencio, both of whom appear to be his Long before the century ended, the Velas co surname disappeared, by merging with the Velasquez name of other families. sons. * Diego Velasco H married Ynez de Apodaca on July 27, 1746.” They had a son, Pedro, February 27, 1748, and a daughter, Catalina Antonia, March 13, 1751.” Their mother, a widow, died on May 19, 1751.19 Lorenzo Inocencio Velctsco, afterwards known as Velésquez, practiced the carpen ter’s trade in the Rio Arriba country; his sis ter Maria Antonia was the wife of Juan del Prado, with whom a son of Lorenzo Inocen cio tried to escape from military service in 1763.“ Lorenzo Inocencio himself was ac cused of encouraging slackers during an In dian campaign in 1757.“ He had married Maria. Mestas on June 19, 1735.” They had a son, Juan Esteban, the one who ran away with Prado in 1763.23A daugh ter, Nicolasa, married Juan Martin, May 8, 1785.“ ' 1. B-H, III, pp. 317-322. 2. Revolt, 1. PD. 119, 158; II. PD. 53-4, 118-9. 3. BNM, leg. 2, Pt. 3, ft. 290-1. 4. Ihirl. 5. BNM, leg. 4. Pt. 1. pp. 790-95, 830-34. is a list carried and amended on occasion by Velasco, or Father Farmn. Sp. Arch.. II, No. 54c, is an official roster copied in Mexico City in September, 1693. and sent up to Vargas. 6. Sn. Arch., II, No. 551. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. '13. 14. B-I-I, loc. cit. Revolt. I. DD. 16, 121. 137. DM. .1698, No. 1; Bn.ncmn, NMO. 1728. lbId., 1694, No. 5. Ihid.. 1705, No. 9. Sp. Ari-li., I, No. 160. AGN. Me-,x., Inq., L. 758, ff. 468 et seq. Kubler, p. 20. [3101 * * * * # * * JOSE VELASQUEZ CORTES, the son of Antonio and a native of Sevilla, was thirty six years old when he joined the colonists of 1693.He was tall, his broad face pockmarked, and had a wide forehead and deep-set eyes. His wife was Juana de Caras, thirty, the daughter of Francisco and a native of Puebla. She was of medium height, with a broad dark face and large eyes. They had a three-year—olddaughter, Marta, born in Guamantla, who had a round face With small eyes and nose.” This girl married José de Armijo in 1710, who jointly with José “Blésquez” and Juana de Caras pur chased a house and lot by the Santa Fe Plaza.“ * * it * # it * * FRANCISCO VELASQUEZ, the son of Ni colés Rodriguez [sic] and Andrea de Medina, 15. Sp. Arch., II, No. 172. 16. Ibld., No. 470. 17. M-50, Sta. Fe. 18..Both in 1!. Sta. Fe. 19. Bur-49. Sta. Fe. 20. Bancroft. NMO. 1763. 21. AGN, Tierms, 426. III. ff. 7-1.1. 22. Bur-16, Nmmbé. M. Sec. 23. Sp. Art-h.. II. No. 584. 2-1. 31-33, Sta. Clara. 25. M-I50. Sta. Fe. 2(i. All in ll-.'il. Sin. Clnrn. 27. llur-ﬁlo, Sin. (?|um. 28. M-33. Sta. Clara. GENEALOGY: Mnrin Lorota Vi-ltisqun. Juan Roybal, Manuel Fr. Roybal. Desidcrio Roybal. Romualdo Roybal. Nico lnsn A. Chavez. 29. 1bid.. Sp. Arch., No. 5-lc; BNM, leg. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 790-95. 30. I, No.II, 411. IN THE EIGIITEENTII was a soldier of Santa Fe who married Fe lipa Montoya in 1710.“ He next married Ba.r bara Baca, widow of Juan Garcia, August 11, 1737.” * * * * 3|! * * * DIEGO VELASQUEZ was a native of Sombrerete who came to Santa Fe with his children and wife, Juana del Rio, known also .as “Juana la P1“ieta.”“ Diego gave his age as twenty-five or twenty-nine, and his origin as Sombrerete, in 1716. He signed his name, “Velasquez.”“ The children born in Sombrerete were: Antonio, who married Juana Rodriguez in 31. I)“, 1710, No. 4. 32. M-50. Sta. Fe. 33. AGN, lac. cIt. CENTURY 1705;“-"Diego, who married Ana Maria Arch ulcta the same ycnr;““ Catalina, known as “La Malora,” and as the daughter of “La Prieta,”“ and who -married a certain Negrete and then a Morones,“ and was also the nat ural mother of Juan Antonio de los Rios, alias Archuleta;”-"and, presumably, Francisco Velasquez “el Prietito.”‘° The Velasquez people living in Santa Fe throughout this century can almost with cer tainty be considered members of the last two families, while those of the north country were “Velascos” originally. 37. Ibld.. No. 6. 38. AGN. loc. clt. Juan Mnmnes do Cu.-mres, twenty-eight and a native of Mlchoacén, was a soldier in Santa. Fe in 1696 34. l).\[. 1716, Nos. 9, 12. 35. lhld., 1705. N05. 2, 5. 36. lb|d., No. 11. (DM, 1696, No. 4.). 39. En. Arch., II, No. 354. See Archuleta, Juan Antonio. 40. Ibld., I, No. 731. VIGIL (M-ontes Vigil) FRANCISCO MONTES VIGIL and Maria Jiménez de Ancizo were colonists from Za catecas. In Santa Fe in 1695,he said that he was a native of El Real de Zacatecas and thirty years old, In 1710he received a grant of land at Alameda, but sold it two years la ter.‘ Their known children were: Maria, wife of Martin Romero and mother of Antonio Ro mero;9Gertrudis; Elena; Domingofwho mar ried Maria Estela Marquez,‘ Franciscof‘ hus band of Antonia Jirén and then of Lorenza Medina; Manuel,“ who married Manuela San chez; Juan, husband of Ynez Lopez and then of Nicolasa Lujan; and, presumably, Pedro, who married Juana Trujillo. Francisco Montes Vigil II and his wife, An tonia Jirén, were living at Santa Cruz in 1733,when she accused a man of entering her DM. 1695, N05. 12, 7; 1606, No. 10; Sp. Arch., 1, No. 302. Sn. Arch., 1, No. 499. lhlzl._ S”!-":“9’!°!‘ lhId., No. 513. IbId.. No. 499. Ibld., Nos. 499, 12%. home at midnight when her husband was away.’ On June 28, 1744,widowed of Antonia Jiron del Castillo, he married Lorenza Me dinaf‘ His son, Francisco III, when marrying Ma ria de Jesus Mestas, May 12, 1748, gave his name as Francisco Montes Vigil de Santil lana, the son of Francisco Vigil de Santillana and Antonia Jirén del Castillo.” A daughter of Francisco III married Inocencio Martin at Chama in 1776.” Manuel Montes Vigil, a soldier of Santa Fe, made his last will in 1733,in which he stated that he had been married to Manuela San chez for thirteen years. He had a brother named Juan. His four children were: Josefa, Isabel, Juan Luis, and Maria Antonia.“ lhId., II. No. 391. 151-29, Sm. Cruz. B-10, Nxunhé, M. Sec. . DM, 1776. no number. . Sp. A.rch., I. No. 1220. {s11} ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO l"f'.MILIlL‘.S He died on March 21, 1733, at the age of thirty—i.wo,"’and his widow then married an Antonio Valdés on September 23, 1737.” Iucm Montes Vigil, widowed of Ynez Lopez, married Antonia Nicola-saLujcin in Santa Fe, May 16, 1745.” He died on May 18, 1762.” When he made his last will in this year, he gave his parents’ names, stating that he had been married for twenty-nine years to Ynez Lopez, by whom he had three children: Manuela (died when eight), Juarn (died when six), and Manuel. He had one daughter, Man uela de la Luz, by his second wife.” This last son named was the Manuel Vigil who mar ried Gertrudis Armijo of Taos, and settled at her ancestral inheritance of Ranchos de Taos 12. 13. 14. 15. Bur-48. Sta. Fe. M-29, Sta. Cruz. M-50, Sta. Fe. Bur-48, Sta. Fe. around the year 1776.Ile later married Mag dalena Vald(‘7, of Abiquifi, May 8, 1777.“""‘ Pedro Montes Vigil was thirty-three and a resident of Santa Fe in 1717." In 1710 he worked on the restoration of San Miguel Chapel.” His wife was Juana Trujillo, daugh ter of Mateo Trujillo.” There is no documen tary evidence to link him with the preceding men, but apparently he is their brother. Manuel Gregorio Montes Vigil, who married Lorenza Fernandez Valeria, April 8, 1742,” was perhaps a son of Francisco II and a bro ther of Francisco III; a Fernandez Valerio was the padrino for the wedding of Francisco Montes Vigil III and Maria Mestas in 1748. 16:1. BNM. leg. 10, No. 43; Taos; Sp. Arch., 1, Nos. 48, 240; M-1, Ahlqulu. , 17. D.\[, 1717, No. 2. 18. Kubler, pp. 18, 20. 19. Sp. Arch., I, No. 1034; II, N0. 273. 20. M-29, Sta. Cruz. 16. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 1055. VILLALPANDO JUAN DE VILLA EL PANDO was a na tive of La Villa de Leon, and a soldier of Santa Fe, when he married Ana Maria Ro mero, June 2, 1694.His parents were Juan de Villa el Pando and Ursula de Olaes.‘ He was dead by 1718, when a son of theirs got mar ried; his widow was known also as “La Panda.” Their known children were Ambrosio, Pab lo, Juan Rosalio, and Catalina-.3 The girl be 1. 2. 3. 4. DM. 1694, No. 2. lbld., 1718. No. 6; Sn. Arch.. 1. No. 930; II. No. 296. Sn. Arch.,1 I. No. 1002: II, No. 296. lbld., I. No. 987. came the wife of Antonio Martin of Em budo} Ambrosio de Villcilpcmdowas twenty when he married Maria Romero on October 6, 1718.5In 1732 a complaint was made against him for mistreating some Picuris Indians,“ and in 1735he was tried for the killing of an Indian, but was found not guilty.’ 5. 6. 7. 1).“. 1715. N0. 6. Sn. Arch., II. No. 365. lhld., No. 404. I VILLANUEVA VICENTE DE VILLANUEVA, a native of Parral, the son of Jose Antonio Villanueva _and Petra Ibargiien, was twenty-four in 1796, 1. HSNM. Ml]. Papers. {.312} when he enlisted in the Santa Fe garrison.‘ He married Ana Maria Alarri on April 3, 1799.2Their known children were: Maria Jo 2. M-51, Cnslrrnse. IN THE EIGIITEENTII sefa, April 21, 1801; Jose Domingo de Jesiis, May 14, 1808; Jose Vicente dc Jcsits, June 3, 1807; and Juan Nep-omuceno, April 13, 1813.“ In 1813he was Alcalde Mayor of Pecos and CENTURY connected with the newly founded military post of San Miguel del Vado.“ 3. 4. 5. The three in II, Cnstrmmo. B-(I5, Sta. Fe. Sp. Arch., 1, No. 56; II, No. 2755. VITCN GASPAR VITON appears as a name in 1731.‘He evidently was the husband of Ma ria Diega Garduﬁo, who had a son, José Ga briel Garduﬁo, or Vit6n.2 A daughter of hers was married to Vicente Sena;3 her name was given as Maria Teresa Vtton y Gallardo when a daughter, Margarita Antonia S ena, was married on September 6, 1773.4 1. Ibld., Sn. Arch., 2. Nos. I,34,Nos. 351.316, 357, 517; Bancroft, NMO, 1731. 3. Ibld. 4. M-23. S. Felipe. YRIGOYEN MARTIN YRIGOYEN, a native of Chihua hua, the son of Francisco Yrigoyen and Ma ria Luisa de Argiiello, was thirty—one years old, and already married, when he enlisted in Santa Fe in 1797.‘His wife was Gertrudis cle la 0, whom he evidently had married at the Presidio of Guajoquillaﬂ He either died or returned with his family to New Spain after the turn of the century. 1. HSNM, l\Ill. Papers. 2. B-66, Castrense, Aug. 8, 1805. See, 0, José de la. YRISARRI PABLO YRISARRI came to New Mexico in the beginning of the Nineteenth Century and married Antonia Teresa Romero on No vember 1, 1811.‘ She was dead by 1822 when he married Ana Maria Ortega, widow of J osé Miguel J aramillo. ‘Pablo was thirty-six at this time.” Mariano Yrisarri, presumably Pablo’s son, married Juana Otero on March 26, 1836; she was the daughter of Vicente Otero and Ger trudis Chavez? 1. M-4, Alhuq. 2. D31, 1822, in Albuq.; no number; M-4, Albuq., 1\_my6. 3. M-ll, Tome; DM, 1836, in Albuq., no number. YTURRIETA JOSE MARIANO DE LOS DOLORES YTURRIETA acted as a baptismal sponsor with Jacinta Peléez on March 11, 1736, and with Maria Luisa Baca on March 23, 1736, in Albuquerque.‘ In 1744 he asked for land at Jémez, to no avail.” His wife was very likely a Juana Teresa Romero, mother of Pedro Yturrieta of Belenﬁ (3133 ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Pedro Yturrieia, just mentioned, married Maria Chdvez on May 19, 1751.‘ She was the daughter of José de Chavez and Maria Luisa Aragén.“ Pedro is mentioned in land ques tions at Belén in 1756 and 1768," and also in an assault case.’ His known children were: Petra Vitalia, who married Bartolo Trujillo in 1776;" Gas par, born February 3, 1759;“ and Manuel, who married Maria Barbara Luna. B-2, Albuq. Sp. Arch., 1. No. 965. Manuel Ytunrieta, twenty—six, the son of Pe dro Yturrictn and Maria Ch:'1vC7.,both do ceased, married Maria Barbani, natural daughter of Antonia Quintana, deceased, on April 27, 1793.” He and his wife, Barbara Luna, were living at Los Padillas in 1802 with a son, Pedro.“ They had a grandchild, Maria Alvarez del Castillo, who was a spon sor, February 12, 1804.” 6. Ibld., No. 362: name is here spelled "Yturbieta." M-4, Alhuq.; M-11, Islets. DM, 1766, in Albuq., no number; complaint by Luisa Ara gon. against him. ”‘:“?’!°!" 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Sn. Arr'.h.. 1. Nos. 113, 362. Ihld., II. No. 612. D31, 1776. in Albuq., no number; also preceding DM, 1766. B-14, Cochiti. M-54, Tomé, M. Sec. AASF. No. 30. B-54, Tomé. ZAMORA JUAN DE ZAMORA, most likely the twen ty—five-year-old native of New Mexico who passed muster in 1681,‘was living at Santa [314] Cruz with his wife and three children in 1696.’ 1. 2. R4-volt, II, p. 128. Sp. A1-ch., I, No. 817. APPENDIX OF ADDITIONAL NAMES ON THE CHARTS AND OTHER PERSONS A ARCHULETA JULIO ANTONIO ARCHULETA, son of Hilario Archuleta and Bernarda Trujillo, married Margarita Lucero, November 1, 1766. He was dead by 1774,for on March 19 of this year his widow married a Francisco Xavier Quintana.‘ Two known daughters of theirs were Maria Manuela, who married Atanasio de la Cerda on October 14, 1787;”and Maria Ygnacila, who became the wife of J osé Maria Quintana (q.v.). * =0! * * * * * * The genealogy of the famed COL. DIEGO ARCHULETA, like that of his contemporary, Governor Manuel Armijo, is difficult to trace for lack of immediate data on his parents. According to Twitchell, he was born at Al calde, March 27, 1814,the son of Juan Andrés Archuleta. Diego had seven children by his wife, Jesusita. Trujillo.” They had a daughter, Margarita, who married an Albino Vigil and died at Conejos in 1881.‘Archuleta’s military career is told by Twitchell in his work cited, as well as in an article by Don Diego himself in 1877 for La Revista Catolica.5 He also wrote a defense of the Catholic Faith in 1882 for the same periodical, which printed a brief but poignant obituary when he died in Santa Fe on March 22, 1884.“ His father was, to all appearances, the Juan Andrés Archuleta who was the com mander of militia in Rio Arriba in 1839.7 A similar case is that of another contem porary, the notorious JOSE GONZALES, leader of the Rio Arriba insurgents of 1837, who had himself elected Governor of New Mexico during a brief period of terror and 1. 2. 3. New Both marriages in M-25, S. lid. 31-33. Sta. Clara. The History oi the Military Occupation oi the Terriwry of Mexico (Denver: 1909). 4. 5. Rt-vista Catolicn, Vol. VII, No. 12. p. 33._ Vol. V. No. 10. pp. 117. 118: other activities and letters in V . III. No. 14. pp. 157, 525, 557. 558. 592; No. 34. DD. 398, 406. 408. bloodshed, and who has been described by all modern writers as a full-blooded Taos In dian.“ According to the highly intelligent Chacon family of a generation ago, Gonzales was no Indian" but even if he had genizaro antecedents, he still was not the paint-and feather Indian in the Governors’ Palace which historical and fictional writers have described. Only a tedious and thorough ex ploration of the relationships mentioned could provide a clue to his true identity and ancestry. DON ANTONIO JOSE MARTINEZ, an other contemporary maligned in history and fiction, is another case in point. Twitchell wrote that he was the grandson of a General Martinez who came from Chihuahua in the early part of the seventeenth century.” But his baptismal and marriage data show Padre Martinez to have belonged to the old Martin Serrano family of New Mexico. He was bap tized at Abiquiu on January 20, 1793,the son of Severino Martin and Maria del Carmen Santisteban, On May 20, 1812, he married Maria Luz Martin, daughter of Manuel Mar tin and Maria Manuela Quintana, and on the same day his sister Juana Maria married his bride’s brother, José Manuel Martin.“ His subsequent life’s story is told by himself and others; a thorough investigation of all persons in it might not only bring out his complete ancestry but also disprove many a calumny. The bigoted stories about GERTRUDIS BARCELO by Josiah Gregg and other pio neer American journalists were thoroughly aired in El Palacio." 6. 7. 8. l'bId., Vol. VIII. No. 30. pp. 356 mm. See El l'Ilii|t‘il), Vol. 60. No. 4. p. 159. Old Santa Fe, pp. 200. 201. 9. Read. liistorla llustrmin, p. 457. 10. 'I\\'itchcli, Military Occupntlun. 1]. B and M. Abiquiu; sec General Jose Maria Chavez, this Appendix. who married another girl of this irimiiy. 12. Vol. 57, No. 8. PD. 227-2341. (317) ORIGINS or NEW MEXICO FAMILIES ARMIJO MANUEL ARMIJO, last Governor of New Mexico under the Mexican flag, is difficult to trace, for lack of a baptismal record and because of conflicting statements printed in the last hundred years. Twitchell wrote that his mother was Barbara Chavez, a sister of Julian Chavez (grandfather of Amado Cha vez), and that Manuel had a brother.‘ Coan wrote that Manuel had a sister, Isidora Ar mijo, wife of Jesfis Maria Chavez; their son, David Chavez, married Paz Sanchez, daugh ter of Desiderio Sanchez and Barbara Cha vez, the latter a niece of Governor Armijo? An Anonymous History -ofNew Mexico, pub lished in 1907, states that the Governor had a brother, Juan Armijo, married to Rosalia Ortega, and that both men were the sons of a Juan Armijo who came from Spain. A son of Juan, and nephew of Manuel, was Juan Cris tébal Armijo, married to a Juana Maria Chavez? A good starting point toward solving the problem is the documentary record of this brother Juan: Iucm Armijo and his Wife Rosalia Ortega were living in the Albuquerque area when two of their children got married in 1830. Their daughter, Manuela, married José Cha vez, son of Francisco (Xavier) Chavez and (Ana) Maria (Alvarez) del Castillo on April 11. A Week later, April 17, their son, Juan Cristébal, married Juana Chavez, sister of the above—named J osé Chavez.‘ If Twitchell was correct in saying that the Governor’s mother was Barbara Chavez, then this Juan Armijo is in all likelihood the twenty-year old Juan Armijo, son of Vicente Armijo and Barbara Chavez of Albuquerque, who joined the militia in 1808,5and was born around the year 1788. Juan’s parents, and the Govern or’s, would then be the following couple: VICENTE FERRER ARMIJO, eldest son of Manuel Segundo Duran de Armijo and $J‘:“S"!°!" Old Santa Fe. pp. 338. 234 llint. o! N. M.. Vol. II, p. 34. Vol. I. pp. 68, 71. Both in M-49, lnlctn. IISNM, M11. Papers. [318] Francisca Alfonsa Lucero de Godoy, asked to marry Barbara Chavez, daughter of Diego Antonio Duran y Chavez and Juana Silva, in 1769.“By 1790 they were living at the Plaza de San Antonio in Albuquerque, where he was a stockman and Teniente, fifty-five years old; his wife, Barbara Casilda Chavez was thirty—five,and they had seven children, not mentioned by name in the census.’ The couple’s difference in ages points to the pos sibility of Vicente’s having been married be fore, and could very well be the Vicente Ar mijo who was a son-in-law in 1766 of a José Baca of Albuquerque? It seems, then, that two of the seven chil dren enumerated were Juan, who married Rosalia Ortega, and Manuel, who married Trinidad Gabaldén and became famous in his day, if notorious to posterity. Perhaps the rest of the children were girls, Isidora among them. It then follows that their mother Bar bara was not a sister of Julian Chavez, who had no sister by this name, but his aunt of this name, the sister of his father, Pedro An tonio Chavez. Hence, Julian Chavez and Manuel Armijo were first cousins. Manuel Armijo gave his parentsin 1819 as Don Vicente Armijo, deceased, and Dona Ma ria Soledad Chavez, when he asked to marry Trinidad Gabaldén, daughter of José Miguel Gabaldén and Maria Dolores Ortiz." Here is the crux of the problem. Did the Padre err in writing “Soledad” for “Barbara” or “Ca silda,” a not unusual case? Or was she his step-mother, perhaps making Manuel and Juan half-brothers? Manuel Armijo’s character as Governor and as a man has been unjustly painted in sources too numerous to mention here. As for his family, he had no children. He reared a girl, Ramona, who married a Luis C. de Baca of Socorro,” and whom Armijo men tioned in his last will as “my universal heir 6. 7. 8. DH, 1769, in AIbuq., no number. Sp. Arrh., II, No. 1002b. lhId., I, No. 12.11. 9. DM. 1819. in Albuq., no number. 10. 'I\vitchcll, loo. cll. IN THE EIGIITICENTH CENTURY and daughter, Ramona Armijo.” In this will of twenty—two in 1808,‘-"and married Solcdad his wife, Trinidad Gabaﬂldoii,is mentioned as deceased. Minor bequests are made to Bea Aragon at Valencia on February 26, 18l5.'" Their known children were: Teodoro, born November 7, 1822;” Maria Agustina, May 8, 1825; José Maria, March 24, 1827,” who mar ried Josefa Duran of Pena Blanca in 1849;” Marianita-, wife of Mariano Gonzales;'~"‘Pab lo, October 23, 1831; Maria Librada, October 2, 1833;“ Maria. Leandra, March 15, 1835;” and Josefa, wife of José Maria Montoya.“ triz, a little girl reared by his wife; to three Armijo girls, Cleofas, Albina, and Clara; to Teresa; to Justo Sandoval; and to José An tonio Armijo.“ One of these females had married a José Torres of Socorro in 1851 as Maria Cleofas Armijo, adopted daughter of Manuel Armijo and Trinidad Gabaldén.” Perhaps she was a Maria Rita Cleofas, born on April 11, 1836,to Vicente Armijo and Maria de Jesus Otero.“ This Vicente was a first cousin once removed of Manuel Armijo, if all the foregoing tenta tive genealogy is correct. By this same token, the Governor was a first cousin once re moved of Col. Manuel Antonio Chavez, and a double first cousin once removed of José Encarnacién Chavez (q.v. in this Appendix). Manuel Armijo, husband of Trinidad Ga baldén, died at his estate in Lemitar, after receiving all the last Sacraments, and was buried in the church of Socorro on January 20, 1854.“ * * * * II III * * Mcmuel Antonio Armijo, married to Soledad Aragén, was a contemporary of the Govern or who might easily be confused because of their similar names and the similarity in sound of their wives’ names, The two men were first cousins. This Manuel Antonio was the son of Pablo Antonio Armijo (brother of Vicente Ferrer Armijo) and Josefa Angela Chavez. He enlisted in the militia at the age 11. English Copy of Will A. Keileher from the original, pro bated in Socorro Co.. Jan. 25, 1873. 12. mi. 1351. no nixmber. 13. B-73, Tomé. 14. Burn, Soccorm.-—N. B. Governor Armijo’; parents actually were Vicente Armijo and Barbara Chavez. I made the mistake oi transcribing "Solcdad" {or “Bnrbarn" In DM, 1819 (see Note 9), and discovered the error aftcr these puzrs wcrc prinicd. The original MS had not been available for checking until now. For-tunntc-i_v.this simple correction confirms the elaborate do ductiomu made here. 15. HSNM. loc. cit. 16. M-56, Tomb. 17. B-71, Tome; his godparents were Manuel Chavez and Isidora Armijo. * * * * * * * * ANTONIO JOSE ARMIJO, son of Manuel Segundo Duran de Armijo and Franeisca Al fonsa Lucero de Godoy, married Maria Guad alupe Chdvez, daughter of Diego Antonio Chavez and Juana Silva, at Atrisco, June 16, 1774.“ In 1790 they were living next to his brother, Vicente Ferrer Armijo, married to Guadalupe’s sister Barbara Casilda, at the Plaza de San Antonio.” Their known chil dren were the following: Salvador Manuel, born June 9, 1775,“ who was supposedly ambushed by Apaches at the Baea ranch of La Cienega around the year 1803;” Maria Isabel, July 3, 1777, who mar ried Mariano Torres (q-'u., this Appendix); Maria Ygnacia, January 18, 1779; and José Francisco, October 22, 1780.” Five younger children, named as minors in 1803when their eldest brother was killed, were: Lucas, Diego, Pedro, José Antonio, and Ana Maria.” This last girl married a J osé Torres in 1811.3° One son, José Francisco, is most likely the man of this name who married a Rosalia Mestas on March 19, 1801.“ 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Both ibld. DM. 1849. no number. B-73, Tome: bapt. of child, Nicoiasa. Dec. G. 1846. Both in B-71. Tamé. B-73, Tome. liiid., ham. or child, José Mcrced, Dec. 13. 1846. 24. M-3. Album. 2:‘). Sn. ArciI.. II. No. 1092b. 26. B-ii, Aihuq. 27. Sp. Arch.. I. No. 54. 28. The three in B-4. Albnq. 29. Sp. Arch., ioc. cit. 30. B-M. Tnmé; M. Sec. 31- M4. Allhuq.; Sp. AI-ch.. II, No. 2657. [319] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES BACA JUAN FRANCISCO BACA, son of Juan Antonio Baca and Petronila Garcia Jurado, married Maria de Jesus (no surname given) on January 2, 1749.‘ On several other occa sions her last name is given as Martin, or Martines. Their known children were as fol lows: Lugard-0, born April 4, 1751; Juan Antonio, April 9, 1756; Antonia Josefa, March 13, 1756; Paulin, June 29, 1758,”who married Maria Lugarda Tafoya (see next section); and Juana Maria, who became the wife of José Francisco Pino, widower of Barbara Chavez, in 1780.3Their mother died sometime after April, 1772,when she acted as a sponsor with her husband.‘ Juan Francisco next married Maria Josefa Pino on August 7, 1778.5They had a daugh ter, Juana Lorenza, who married Miguel An tonio Chavez on March 26, 1795.“This girl’s mother must have died shortly after her birth, for in 1781 Juan Francisco, widowed of Maria J osefa Pino, applied to marry Man uela Antonia Sanchez.’ Paulin Baca, son of Juan Francisco Baca and Maria de Jestis Martin, married Maria Lugarda Tafoya at Belén on May 26, 1779.3 By 1790they were living in the second Plaza of Belén, when he gave his age as thirty-five, and hers as thirty-one. They had four boys (9-7-5-3) and a girl five months old.” Paulin died at Belén on October 12, 1832.” The known children were the following: Pablo, whp married Maria Manuela Lu cero (see next section); Juan, who married Dolores Luna;“ Manuel, who at twenty en rolled in the militia in 1808, and was then 1. 2. Luna 3. M—lI. Islets. All In B-57, Islets; Paulin’s godparents were Domingo de and Josefa Lueero. B-54. Tome. B-5'1, Islt-tn. M-40, lslc-la. I!-51. Toma‘. Dal. 1781, no number. M-49, lslcta; DM, 1779. no number. . ‘°9°.‘~‘.°‘f-"P Sp. A1-ch., II. No. 1092!). -10. B-5-I, Tome, Bur. Sec. 11. B-12, Belén, bapt. of child, Leonarda, April 12, 1851. [3201 described as having “pelo giiero, ojos garzos, color blanco, sejas giieras, naris rroma y va rios lunares en cl *rostro”;" J osé Tomas, born November 18, 1796,who married Rosalia Lu cero in 1819;” and Rafael, May 5, 1795, who first married Gertrudis Garcia, and then Vic toria Alderete on April 6, 1856.“ Pablo Baca, son of Paulin Baca and Lugar da Tafoya, married Maria Marnuela Lucero in 1803.” They had the following known chil dren at Los Bacas: Rafaela Josefa, born April 21, 1805; Pedro Sebastian, January 20, 1808,” who married Refugio Serrano;" Ana Maria Asencién, born May 31, 1810;” Maria Josefa Lugarda, June 18, 1813;” Juan José Benigno, February 15, 1819,who married Altagracia Garcia, Decem ber 9, 1845;?“Maria Monica Antonia Francisca de Paula, May 8, 1823;“ and José Tomas, March 7, 1826,” who married Juana Garcia (see next section). Both parents were dead when their son Benigno appeared as a witness at Belén, Oc tober 30, 1845.’-3Sometime after 1860, mem bers of this family joined other Belén fami lies (Garcia, Chavez, etc.) in migrating northeast to the newly—openedterritory of present Mora County. Iosé Tomés Bcrccr,son of Pablo Baca and Maria Manuela Lucero, married Juana Gar cia around the middle of the nineteenth cen tury. As with other people mentioned in this Appendix, marriages at Belén for the first half of the century cannot be ascertained be cause the registers are missing or fragmen 12. HSNM. M11. Papers. See Marla Nlcanora Baca, wife of Eugenio Chavez. in this Appendix. 13. B-5-1, Tu-né; DM. 1819, in Albuq., no number. 14. M. Belén; B-51. Tomé. 15. 1).“, 1803, In /\lbuq.. no number. 16. Bath In “-51, Tomé. 17. “-51, |¥—l2. Tuml‘. In-ll-n. hunt. or chlld. Jusc M:1r('ns, Mny G. 18.16. 1H. 19. B-8. Belén. 20. M-7 and B-8, Belén. 21. B-8. Belén: M. Wntrous. 22. B-54, Tome, rear 13 sec. 23. D31, 1845. in Belén, no number. IN THE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY tary; hence the parentage of Juana Garcia cannot be traeo(l.'*" Their first recorded child was Simon (a), born at Los Jarales, February 10, 1858, who married Damasio (Sanchez) Garcia, May 19, 1874;?“ then Maria Nicarnora, January 13, 1861, who married Eugenio Chavez ((1.1).,this Appendix); and Felix, May 23, 1863, who married Manuela Gonzales, February 21, 1898.“ These children had two elder sisters: Felipa Abelina, who must have been born around 1850,and Maria Gregoria, her junior by a couple of years. The last-named was left 24. These missing books most likely contained the marriage entries for Col. Manuel A. Chavez and Governor Armijo. 25. B. Belén. 26. Both in B, Belén. Marriage of Felix in M, Watrous. Ma with relatives in Belén when the families of José Tomas and his brother Benigno migrat ed to virgin territory near present Wagon Mound, The youngest daughter, Maria Nica nora, young wife of Eugenio Chavez, died at La .Ciruela on April 29, 1884. Tomas Baca, husband of Juana Garcia, died there four years later, February 13, 1888,“ the day be fore death came for Archbishop Lamy in Santa Fe. Two other known children were Miguel, who married Teresa Vargas, November 16, 1879, and Celsa, who married Felix Garcia, December 9, 1887.23 rla Nlcanoi-a's name was transposed by mistake with that of another girl in the preceding entry, Maria Victoria Torres. 27. Bur, Wntrous. 28. Both in M, Watrous. CHAVEZ JOSE MARIANO CHAVEZ, son of Cristo bal Chavez and Maria J osefa Niiﬁez, married Maria Manuela Romero, his second cousin, February 2, 1773.‘In 1790they were living in the third Plaza of Los Chavez. His widowed mother, forty-nine, lived with them. He gave his age as thirty-four, and his trade that of a weaver. His wife was twenty-nine, and they had four boys (15-13-8-6) and two girls (14-10).2By 1802 they had moved to the first Plaza of Los Chavez? José Mariano died at Belén in May, 1829.‘ Their known sons were: José Cristébal, born February 20, 1774, who married Agus tina Jurado at Tomé;5Juan José, who married Maria Antonia Silva, April 1, 1810, at Be1én;° José Manuel, born at Los Chavez, March 7, 1794, who married Tomasa Gonzales at Ce bolleta, August 17, 1817;’ José Antonio, who married Maria de la Luz Salaices;“ José de la Encarnacién, March 25, 1796, at Los Cha vez,” who married Maria Rita Torres (see next section); Ambrosio, who married Maria Ynez Jaramillo at Cebolleta, April 23, 1815;” and José Teodoro, who married Maria Josefa Gutiérrez at Cebolleta, April 1, 1818.“ Their known daughters were: Maria Ger trudis, January 11, 1799, who married Juan Antonio Salazar, November 16, 1814, at Ce bolleta;” Maria Barbara, who married Fran cisco Antonio Romero at Los Chavez, August 20, 1798, and died May 21, 1831;” and Maria Nicolasa, who married José Andrés J aramil lo at Cebolleta, September 4, 1814.“ This family of José Mariano Chavez and lVIaria Manuela Romero came to be known locally as “Los Chavez Mexicanos,”‘5 from the fact that Mariano’s mother was an out sider, an espaﬁola of the City of Mexico whom his father had brought to New Mexico as a fourteen—year-old bride.” As can be not ed in their marriages, some of the children were pioneer settlers of the Cebolleta region, while some children of the son treated next were pioneers of the north Mora country. Iosé Encctmacién Chavez, son of Mariano Chavez and Maria Manuela Romero, married Maria Rita Torres of Belén, Their wedding date is not known, due to missing registers, but the parents of both are known fro-m the baptisms of their many children. (Fortu [321]_ O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES nntcly, the Pzidrc at this pzlriiculnr period vnivreil the gr:1nclpz1r(‘n_tsin the b:1ptism.'1l where l\/luriu Rita (lied at the age of sixty on July 17, 1863. The family then moved cast. books.) Their known sons were as follows: José Francisco Sebastian, born January 20, 1823, at the Plaza de los Trujillos in Belén,” who into new country and founded La Ciruela in married Encarnacién Luna (see next sec tion); Francisco de Paula, April 20, 1831,” who married Maria Manuela Padilla, both pioneers of La Ciruela near present Wagon Mound,” Juan Andrés, February 24, 1833;” José Marcelino, June 23, 1839," and believed at first to be the “José” who married Encar nacién Luna,“ José Estarnislao,May 15,1841;” and J osé Manuel, who married Manuela Gal legos at La Cueva in Mora County, October 19, 1866, and then Juana Romero at La Cir Jose Encarnacion Chavez and Nlaria Rita Torres, married Encarnacion Luna at Belén on October 3, 18455” The births of three known children are as follows: Eugenio, No vember 16, 1854,“ who married Maria Nica nora Baca (see next section); José Manuel de los Reyes, January 1, 1858; and José Tran quilino, January 9, 1861.“ Another son, Re migio, married Gabina Montoya, October 9, 1880.333The young family moved to the Mora country with Maria Rita Torres. At La Cir uela, Encarnacién Luna died young between the years 1864-1866,the fame of her striking beauty lasting for three generations in the Wagon Mound country, Her young widowed husband married Encarnacién Mascareﬁas at La Ciruela, February 16, 1867.3‘Two known children of this marriage were Abelina, who married Jesus Maria Gallegos, December 10, 1888, and Ftliberto, born June 10, 1877.3“ uela, November 22, 1868.“ Their daughters were: Maria. de los San tos, born October 1, 1825;” Maria Ynez, Jan uary 25, 1835;”“Maria de los Angeles de las Nieves, August 5, 1836, whose marriage to a José Chavez, a relative, was revalidated at Los Jarales, March 8, 1857;“ Maria Martina, who married José Rey Garcia, March 14, 1842;” and Maria Manuela, January 1, 1844, who married Juan Garcia in 1856.” Their father had died by 1857, when a daughter’s marriage was revalidated. The widowed Maria Rita Torres, with some of her married and single children, joined other families of Belén which -moved north to the newly-opened territory which is now eastern Mora County. The date of this migration, from marriage and other data, can be placed at about 1860-1863.They first went to the al ready settled valley of La Cueva near Mora, 1. DM. 1773, No.1 4; M-11. Islam. 2. Sn. Arch., II. No. 1092b. 3. AASF, N0. 30. 4. B-54, Tomé. Bur. Sec. 5. B-3'1, Islets: I3-54, Tome, M. Scc.: he was dead by Oct. 24. 1841. and she by the end of 1845. (M11 and B-12, Belén.) 6. B-54. Tomb. l\‘l. Sec. 7. 1!-5-l, Tome; M, l.m:unn. at Gallup: their parents knmm from bapt. of son. José de Jesus. Aug. 15. .182-1(B-8, Belén). 8. I1-8. In-len: bapt. of son, Antonio, Feb. 11, 182-1. . 9. B-5!. Tomé. .10. RI. Lmmna. at Gallup. 11. Ibld. J2. n-5-I, Tumé; M. Lmzunn. at Gallup. 13. ll-1'51, Tmnﬁ. M nnd Bur. Sec. 111. M. Lnxmnn, nt Gnllup. 15. 11-8, Belén. Aug. 15, 1824. 16. DM. 1762. no number: Sp. Arch” II. No. 1092b. 1.7. H-8. Bell-n. 18. B-10, Belén. 19. Both sponsors at wedding of Eugenio Chavez (q.v. this Appendix). [322] 1864.3” Iosé (Frcrncisco Sebcrslién) Chézvez, son of Eugenio Chévez, son of José Chavez and Encarnacién Luna, married Nicanora Baca at La Ciruela, January 13, 1877. The witnesses were the groom’s uncle and aunt, Francisco Chavez and Manuela Padilla.” Their chil dren were: Maria Elfida, November 5, 1877; Fabian, January 20, 1879 (see next section); Maria Soraida, April 24, 1881; and José De mastenes, June 18, 1883.36 Like her husband's Luna mother, Nicanora 20. 11-9, Belén: this book (1832-1833) and B-53, Islets. (1829 21. B-10, Belén. 22. El Palm-In. Vol. 55. No. 4, p. 119, note 53. 1842) are fragments of larger books. 23. B-11. Belt’-n. 24. M46, Mora. 25. B-1'14, ’I‘onu'-.. 26. B-ll. Belch. 27. B-1]. and M-7, Belén. 23. M-7. I11-l('n. 25). B-12, Belén; M, Tomé. 30. Bun. Mom; Ln Ciruela, near present Wagon Mound, and lnngp.extinct, 27. 314). was 22 years old in 1886 (Rev. Cnt.. Vol. 12, No. 31. “-7. Helen: I)“. 1815, no number, has Oct. % insicnd, The gmnm was 20. nn(l tho hrltic 12. 112. II. llvlc’-n. 33. lluih. lhid. .'l.'l:1.M. Wmrnus. 3-1. 31-40. Mum. 34:1. M and B. Wutrnus. 35. M. Wntrous. 36. All at La Clruela (B. \\'nh-nus). IN THE EIGIITEENTII CENTURY Baca died young at the age of twenty-four, on April 29, .1884,“and likewise left :1legend, of possessing unusually blue eyes and blonde hair (see Baca, Note 12, this Appendix). Eugenio then married Paula Mascareﬁas at Santa Clara (now Wagon Mound) on Au gust 3, 1885,by whom he had a large family: Elias, May 7, 1886; Maria Manuela, January 1, 1888; Juan Bautista, January 26, 1890; Ma ria Encarnacion, October 2, 1892;Tomas, May 19, 1894; Maria Simona, February 18, 1896; Maria Floripa, February 16, 1898; José Eu _ genio, March 13, 1900; Cresencio, April 9, 1902; Tomasito, June 18, 1905; and Manuela, March 25, 1908.3“ Tomas, December 20, 1737,“ who married l\/laria Josefa l’:i(lilln (see next section); Do mingo, March 28, 1741, who married Agus tina Padilla, his second cousin, in 1764, and then Maria Manuela Aguirre, another second cousin, in 1779;” José Antonio, April 1-0, 1746;” Maria Teresa de Jesus, born in 1749 and who married her second cousin, Manuel Lucero, in 1763;" Maria Concepcion, Decem ber 22, 1753; and Miguel Antonio, September 3, 1756.” Tomas Chavez, son of Francisco Xavier Chavez and Manuela Padilla, married Maria Josefa Padilla, his second cousin and sister in—law, October 20, 1759.49They were living Fabian Chavez, son of Eugenio Chavez and at Los Padillas in 1790,he a stockman fifty four years old, and his wife, fifty-one. They Nicanora Baca, married Maria Nicolasa Roy bal in Wagon Mound, July 9, 1909, with had five sons (26-25-13-11-?) and two girls (27-17).5° Their known children’s names George and Aurelia King as witnesses." Here they had their first four children: Man were: Francisco Xavier (I), January 10, 1768, uel Ezequiel, April 10, 1910 (now Fray An gélico in the Franciscan Order); Maria Mar who must have died soon after; Francisco Xavier (II), April 3, 1769,“ who married Ana ta, August 20, 1911; and the twins, Romualclo Eugenio and Nicanora Monica (each twin . Maria Alvarez del Castillo (see next sec bears both grandparents’ names), October 16, tion); Ursula, wife of Antonio Sandoval;~"2 1915.40The family then moved to Mora Where Geronimo; Agustin; José Antonio,“ and Ra mon, who married Rafaela Sanchez.“ the following were born: Dominga Adela, July 11, 1918; Maria Consuelo, April 9, 1921; and Francisco Eugenio, September 4, 1922.“ Francisco Xavier Chavez, son of Tomas The next place of residence was Santa Fe, Chavez and Maria Josefa Padilla, married and the birthplace of Fabian, August 31, Ana Maria Alvarez del Castillo, September 1924; Antonio Esteban, November 27, 1926; 14, 1799.55They were living at Los Padillas and José Alfredo Camilo, July 18, 1931.” in 1803.5“He became Governor or Jefe Poli It * * * * * it I! tico of New Mexico, July 5, 1822, upon the establishment of the Mexican Republic, suc FRANCISCO XAVIER CHAVEZ, son of ceeding the last Spanish Governor, Don Fa Pedro Duran y Chavez and Juana ‘Montoya, cundo Melgares.“ and who married Manuela Padilla, Septem His family, according to the records, is as ber 29, 1735,“ had the following known chil follows: Mariano José, December 8, 1808;” dren: José, who married Manuela Armijo, April 37. Bur, Wntroun. 38. Ali in I! and M, Wutmun. By an error the priest wmie 'l‘omn.siin for the second inst child. nnd also transposed the name of the last child, l\lm1msln..with that at a "Dionisin sinIor osa" Martinez. baptized on the same day. 39. M. \Vnl.romI. 40. All in II. Wntrmla. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 40. 47. All in Ii. Morn. All in Ii. Santa. Fe. (Cnthedrnh) M-1|, halt-in. “-51, lulu-tn. DM. 1764 and 1779, in Albuq.. no number. B-67, Islam. 11-57, lnicla; DM, 1763. in Aibuq., no number. 48. Both in I!-57. lnlvm. 45). M-ll, Isl:-tn; Hp. Arch.. I. Nos. 1%, 209. 50. Sp. ArrII.. H, No. 1092b. 51. Both in ll-(S7, Isle-la. 52. Sp. Arvin. I, Nos. 209. 216: II. No. 2620. 53. lh|d.: “Antonin J0.<:'-Chtivvz." wrnie '1‘wiirheii. wns Gov ernor (IH'.‘.'i-i.‘«‘.'il).nnd n lm-ilu-r of llrsuln ('hfi\'i-7.. wife of Gov. Aniunln 5-1. Hp.Sunrlovnl Arvin. I. (I4-ndlng No. 20!). lﬁwts, II, pp, 25.26, notes), 55. Il~iH. ’l‘un\6, M SOC. 56. A/\.\'l<'. Nn. 30. 57. llnnrrtift. Ill.-at. of N. EL. 1'). 284. 58. ll-54. Tome; Twiirhcii wrote that he married Dolores Perez: 0! Bcrnuliiio nnd became Governor in 1835 (op. ML). [323] D ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAIVIIIJIISS 11, 1830;” /lnlo-nio José, ‘who mnrricrl Bar bara /\rmijo,"'" called “José David” by Twit chell, and who was murdered by Texas out laws near Chavez Creek in Kansas,“ Juana, who married Juan Cristobal Armijo, April 17, 1830;” Maria Francisca, who married An tonio José Otcro, April 30, 1834; and Merced, who married Juan Otero, May 27, 1837.“ Twitchell names another son, Tomas, who married a niece of Bishop Zubiria of Durango and became a prominent lawyer in the Mex ican Republic, and three more girls: Dolores, who married José Leandro Perea of Berna lillo; Barbara, married to Juan Gutierrez of Pajarito; and Manuela Antonia, wife of J osé Maria Gutiérrez of Bernalillo.“ This last girl, as a widow, joined the Sisters of Char ity, recently come to New Mexico. After twenty—two years as “Sister Dolores,” she died in Santa Fe, April 13, 1887.65 * =I= * * * * * * PEDRO ANTONIO CHAVEZ, son of Diego Antonio Chavez and Juana Silva, married Maria Catalina Baca in September, 1772.“ He was a stockman, forty years old, residing at Atrisco in 1790; his wife was thirty.“ Their place of residence in 1803 was the sec ond Plaza of San Fernando at Los Chavez.“ Their children, according to the records, were the following: Maria Juliana, March 14, 1774;” Maria Gertrudis, November 11, 1777;Maria Toribia, April 7, 1779; the twins, Ana Teresa and Juana Maria, October 23, 1780; Maria Grego ria, November 29, 1781; Tomas Mauricio, Sep tember 25, 1784,70Rafael Antonio, October 20, 1787, who married Polonia Garcia at Ce bolleta, December 10, 1830;” Maria Guada lupe, December 20, 1800, who married Juan Policarpio Serna at Cebolleta, September 24, 1815;” Francisca Antonia, February 15, 59. M-4!), Isl:-tn. Twitchell says he was Grwcmor in 1845, suc ceeding Gov. Martinez (op. clt.; Old Snnm I-‘v, pp. 232. 245). 60. ll-58. Isl:-la: bnpt. of son Jose’ Feliclnnn Melqulmles. Oct. 25. 1841. Their (laughter Marin Fellpa Jost-fa married Felipe. son of Jose Ch11\'(‘Znnd Manuela. Armijo (bnpt. of daughter Mar gzuritn. Mny 11, 1958). 61. Lu-aullm: I-‘xu-Is, Inc. clt. 62. 63. 6-l. '65. 66. 67. M-49. lslvlxl. Bulh, Ihld. L00. vli. Rev. Cnt., Vol. 13, No. 17, p. 193; No. 18. p. 20.’). DM, 1772, in Albuq.. no number. Sp. Arch., II, No. 1092b. [3241 1802;“ and Diego Antonio, who married Bar bara Baca, or Jaramillo, August 11, 1816, at Ccbollcta.“ A census list of the family at Atrisco in 1802"’ omits the first three girls, who must have died or were already married, and in cludcs two more boys, José Julian and Am brosio. José Julian might well be the first born, entered as a girl by mistake in the reg ister of 1774, and who married Maria Luz Garcia (see next section). Iulidn Chavez and wife Maria Luz Garcia were living in the Cebolleta country when their son Pedro married Asencién Chavez on April 13, 1831.7“Otherwise they do not ap pear in the Rio Abajo records, many of which are fragmentary. According to what was told Twitchell, Julian was the son of Pedro An tonio Chavez'and Catalina Baca," and this is substantially proven by the foregoing data. Another son, who became justly famous, was Manuel Antonio, whose baptismal record is not extant, but whose parentage was amply testified to by contemporary witnesses who sang his praises as a soldier and Indian fight er, and later as an American officer. Accord ing to these sources, he was born at Atrisco on October 18, 1818,” but both date and birthplace seem unlikely. While correct re garding contemporary facts, Lummis and Twitchell are greatly‘ in error when it comes to the more remote ancestry of their hero, as may be seen in the factual record of the fam ily and descendants of Don Fernando Duran y Chavez. Manuel Antonio Chavez, son of Julian Cha vez and Maria Luz Garcia, married Vicenta Laba-die, a daughter of Lorenzo Labadie ac cording to Twitchell.” No record of this mar riage can be found, for reasons given several 68. AASF, Inc. clt. GE). B-3, Alhuq. 70. All in “-4, Album. 71. B--l. Album; M. Lruzunn, in Gallup. 72. Him. 73. “-1, Alhuq. 74. M. l.mwnn.. in Gnllup. 75. AASI". Im‘. (‘IL 76. M. Lmzunn. in Gallup. Fe, pp. -167, -16R, 231-284. 77. Old Santa 78. Twitchell, lm‘. rll.. and l.«-mllm: Fnris. II. p. 383, note; C. F. Lummis. A New Mexico David, pp. 190-217. 79. Old Snntn. Fr. loc. (‘IL ll\‘ times in this Appendix. She was most likely :1 Maria, Virenlri. born at Tome on 0(:1.ol)er 29, 182.‘),the daughter of l’ablo Labadie and Maria Rosa de los Reyes Cisneros; this pair had two other known children, José Lorenzo and Maria Manuela Labadie, born in 1825 and 1827 respectively.” Manuel Antonio and his wife had eight children, among whom were the outstanding citizens, Amado and Irineo. Their father died at San Mateo in 1889.“ No matter how poor the documentary data as regards births and marriages, the ancestry of Col. Manuel An tonio Chavez comes out clearly despite some glaring errors by Lummis and Twitchell, who did a great service, nevertheless, in recording his military fame. These writings, and his handsome portrait that used to hang in the Museum at Santa Fe, inspired Walla Cather to paint him masterfully with words in Death Comes for the Archbishop. * It 1! # It # I Q The ancestry of JOSE MARfA CHAVEZ, who rose to the rank of Brigadier General in the Army of the United States, is not quite clear, again for lack of documentary data. According to a memory genealogy given to Twitchell, when his descendants let him copy the original will and testament of Don Fer nando Duran y Chavez (made in 1707), José Maria was the son of Francisco Antonio Cha vez and Francisca Rosalia Velarde, the grandson of a Tomas Baea, and the great grandson of “Diego Antonio Chavez” and Antonia Baca. This “Diego Antonio” was the son of Don Fernando Duran y Chavez and Lucia Hurtado de Salazar." A careful read ing of the old script would have shown them that Don Fernando did not have a son called “Diego Antonio,” but his third eldest son was “Antonio” simply. We now know that this Antonio did marry an Antonia Baea, by whom he had a large family, that one son was named “Tomas,” and also that the origi 80. “-71 and B-72. Tomé. 81. ’1‘wlI.<‘holl. loo. cit. 82. Twlt. COIL, No. 20-1. 83. M-11. Isl!-tn. 84. B-8, Albuq. 85. B-5'1, Islcta; DM, 1722, no number. '1‘ II I‘) 1'} I (I ll '1‘ E 1'} N '1‘ H C I‘) N 'l‘ U it Y nal will and testament of l)on l"e1*nando,af ter the untimt-ly (loath of his first son, and the later dementia of his second son, had passed into the hands of the third son, An tonio. The following genealogy, then, is quite 1ogical._ TOMAS CHAVEZ, son of Antonio Duran y Chavez and Antonia Baea, married Tomasa Padilla on December 3, 1742,” and they had the following known children: Maria Antonia-, November 13, 1743;“ Juan José, February 4, 1745,who married Ana Ma ria Baea in September, 1772;“ Eugenio Fran cisco, January 16, 1749; Antonio, December 24, 1752;“ Juan Ignacio, February 1, 1756; Juan Bautista, July 14, 1767;" and Victoria Ana (Antonia'?), who married her second cousin, José Baea’ of Atrisco, in 1784.“ Either of the sons, Eugenio Francisco or Antonio, could well be the Francisco Antonio who married Francisca Rosalia Velarde. Francisco Antonio Chcivez lived in the Rio Arriba country of his wife, Francisca: Rosalia Velarde, when their son, J osé Maria del So corro, was born on September 27, 1801.39An other son, Mariano Antonio Melquiades, was born on December 18, 1803.90A third, José Manuel Roque, married Maria Dolores Mar tin, November 21, 1819.“ The family informa tion given to Twitchell names these three sons as José Maria, Mariano, and José Man uel, and also, Teodora, Maria Manuela, Jul ian, and Josefa, the latter married to Eusebio Martinez. It also mentions that José Maria was married to Maria de Jesiis Martinez, daughter of José Manuel Martinez y Serrano, and sister of Dolores Martinez, his brother’s wife. These Martinez people, incidentally, be longed to the old Martin Serrano family of Rio Arriba. The wives of José Maria and José Manuel were sisters of the short-lived bride of Antonio José Martin, later the fa R6. Both in B-3. Albuq. 87. Both in 11-57. lslt-tn. RR. 1).“. 17841. In Albuq., no number. 851. ll-:11. Stu. Clam. 90. Ihid. 91. M—l, Ahlqulti. [325] ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO l"AlVIlLIES mous Padre Martinez of Taos. (See Archa lcta section in this Appendix.) vc7.of La Gallina."" Don José Maria celebrat ed his hundredth birthday in October, 1901, when the I\’.em'.siaC(ll.()ll('(Lof Las Vegas ex Iosé Maria Chavez and his wife Maria dc Jesiis Martin had their residence in their pa ternal Abiquiu district. His Gencral’s sword, which had belonged to General Santa Ana of Mexico, had been presented to him by a Gen eral Oxford of the American Army; in 1920 it was still in the possession of Julian Cha tolled his rise from a'Licutenant in the Span ish Army to a Colonel in the Mexican, and to a General in the American. He died a year later, on November 22, 1902, at Abiquiu, af ter receiving the last Sacraments in the full use of his mental faculties.” 92. Twit. COIL, loo. cit. 93. Rev. Cat.. Vol. 27, No. 42. p. 494; Vol. 28. No. 50, p. 592. GONZALEZ JUAN DE LOS REYES GONZALEZ, ac cording to family recollections, was the son of an Isidora Gonzalez, sister of a Pedro Gon zalez who had married Antonia. Roybal, daughter of Mariano Roybal and Maria Lo reta Velasquez. Antonia’s brother, Juan Man uel Roybal, adopted and reared Juan de los Reyes. All this happened in the Rio Arriba or Santa Clara Valley. However, the parents of Pedro and Isidora Gonzalez have not been ascertained so far. Moreover, the parents of Juan de los Reyes, in the baptism of two of his children, are given as Pedro Gonzalez and Antonia Roybal. Juan de los Reyes migrated east over the Rockies to the Mora country, evidently with his Roybal relatives, either shortly before or after he had married Maria Asencién Scin chez, or Martin. Their known children were baptized at “lo de Mora,” the first two by the Padre of Pi curis, who attended that district before the parish of Mora was established. These were J-osé Higinid, born February 21, 1849,‘who as a resident later of La Ciruela married Maria Ygnacia Abeyta on July 5, 1869;? and José Miguel, born on November 24, 1851, who married Clara Nolan, December 22, 1879.3 on August 25 by the first pastor of Mora.‘ She became the wife of Romualdo Roybal ((1.1).,this Appendix). The Sanchez and Martin people mentioned in the foregoing baptisms are also difficult to trace during this transition period, when families of the north Rio Grande Valley moved directly or in slow stages to the new Mora area through Taos or the Truchas-Pi curis route. The priest of Taos or Picuris, traveling hundreds of miles on horseback to visit those areas, could easily have lost some record notes; yet, through known relation ships, the identity of an unrecorded person might ultimately be found. For example, Ma ria Asencién Scinchez was first cousin to a Felipe Sanchez, who had migrated to the Mora-Las Vegas area with his wife, Bonifa cia Lujan. The latters’ children, Pascuala" and Patricio“ Sanchez, regarded Monica Gon zalez as their second cousin. The eventual discovery of the marriage of Felipe Sanchez’ parents, Manuel Sanchez and Maria Concep cién Martin’ would open new paths, if their parents were fortunately included in the marriage entry. Their younger sister, Maria Monica, was born at La Cueva on August 15, 1856,and baptized For Iosé Gonzales, insurgent Governor, see Archuleta in this Appendix, 1. B. Plciirln. His patcmai grandparents are given as Pedro Gonzalez and Maria Antonin Roybal. and the maternal as Fran clsco Martin and Maria (Nicoiasa) Sanchez. , 2. M46. Mom. 3. B. Picuris. His paternal grandparents are the same as the above, but the maternal are given as Juan Ignacio Martin and Nicniasa Sanchez. Miguel’.-xmarriage in M. watmus. 4. B-I. Mora. 5. Born at Hinton dc Tccolote. May 22. 1859 (lbid.). 6. Born at Rociadn. Feb. 10. 1867 (iiui«i.). 7. I-‘eiipe's parents given at bapt. in Tecoiote of his daughter Encarnaclén, Feb. 25, 1855 (B, L35 Vegas). [326] IN THE EIGH'l‘l*ll*2N'l‘ll CENTURY LUCERO MARCOS LUCERO DE GODOY, son of Diego Lucero de Godoy and Margarita Baca, married Maria Antonia Gémez del Castillo, MANUEL LUCERO, son of Miguel Lucero II and his first wife Rosa Baca, married his second and third cousin, Teresa Chavez, May 20, 1764, at Los Padillas.” Their known chil dren were: Maria Antonia, born February 7, 1774; Vicente, January 10, 1776;“ and An drés, who married Tomasa Garcia in May, October 20, 1749.‘ In 1763 he was living in Ojo Caliente and asking for land near San lldefonso that had belonged to his wife’s grandmother.” He died at El Rancho de San Ildefonso on August 15, 1790.3 His known children were the following: Margarita Juliana, February 20, 1752,‘who married Julio Archuleta (qxu. this Appen dix), and then Francisco Xavier Quintana, March 19, 1774;5Maria Andrea, December 7, 1754, who married Juan Domingo Valdés, and then Mariano Trujillo, January 17, 1797;" José Manuel, who married Maria Manuela Sanchez in 1785;7Francisco Miguel, Septem ber 20, 1756; and Maria de Jesus, January 20, 1759,”who married J osé Julian Quintana at Santa Cruz in June, 1772.” * * =1! >1! * * III * 1798.” After Teresa’s death, Manuel married an other second cousin, Barbara Montoya, April 27, 1781, at Atrisco.” Miguel was dead by 1790 when Barbara, twenty-nine years old and a widow, was living in the Plaza de San Andres at Los Padillas with her three daugh ters (10-9-7). By 1803, she was living at the second Plaza de San Fernando at Los Chavez with two daughte1‘s,Josefa and Manuela Lu cero.“ The name of the third daughter is not known. The girl Manuela became the wife of Pablo Baca (q.v., this Appendix). 8. Both in B-31, Stu. Clara. 9. DH. 1772. in Albuq., no number. 10. M-11, Isleta; DM. 1763. in Albuq., no number. 11. Both in B-57, Islets. 12. DM, 1798. in Albuq.. no number. 13. 31-4, Albuq.; she was the widow of Juan Antonio Baca of Atriscn (DM, 1770, in Albuq., no number). 1. M-29, Stu. Cnxz. 2. Sn. Ar:-h., I, No. 1351. 3. B-33, Sta. Cruz, Bur. Sec. 4. B-24, S. Ild. 5. M-25, S. Ild. 6. B-24, S. Ild.; B-17, Nmrnbé, M. Sec. 7. M—33,Sta. Clara; DM, 17%, No. 5. 14. Sp. Ar:-.11.,II, No. 1092b; AASF, No. 30. LUNA JOSE TORIBIO LUNA, son of José Enri que Luna and Juana Maria Gabaldén, was born at the first Plaza of Los Chavez on April 16, 1799;‘ He married Maria Manuela Montana in the first half of the 1800’s,for which the registers are lost, and hence her identity and ancestry are unknown so far (see Manuel Armijo and Manuel Antonio Chavez, this Appendix). Both parents were dead when their twelve year-old orphan daughter, Encarnacién, mar ried José Chavez in Belén, October 3, 1845.” Encarnacion Luna was a first cousin of Jesas Luna in the following section. A José Dolores Luna, son of Toribio Luna and Manuela Montaﬁo, married Maria Guad alupe Baca at San Miguel, November 26, 1851.3Evidently, he was an orphan brother of Encarnacion who had been taken by mi grating relatives to San Miguel. Ik * * 3!! II * * It JESUS LUNA, known to be a first cousin of Encarnacién Luna, was the child of any of the other sons (or daughters) of José Enri que Luna and Juana Maria Gabaldén. (One son, Antonio José Luna, is excepted, for he [3273 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES had a son, also named “Jesus,” who is ac counted for in the next section.) On a journey to California, Jesus Luna married Jesusita Col at ‘Mission San Luis Obispo, June 3, 1850,‘ and brought her back to New Mexico. Evidently he had driven sheep to the coast on that occasion, perhaps for his uncle Antonio José Luna, who be came wealthy out of this trade.“ They had a daughter, Emilia, who married a Joseph Brown of Canada at Mora, March 8, 1869,“and later was the wife of William Nel son King.’ * * * * * * * * ANTONIO JOSE LUNA, son of José Enri que Luna and Juana Maria Gabaldon, was married to Isabel Baca, daughter of Juan Cruz Baca and Maria Luisa Castillo, accord 1. B-54, Tomé. 2. M-7, Bclén; DM, 1845, no number. See Chavez, this Ap pendlx. 3. 4. M, San Miguel del Vado. M-1, Mission San Bllmxcl (Calif.), 11. 56. 5. Twitchell. Leading Facts, II. pp. 492-493, notes. 6. M48, Mora. ing to the baptism of a son, Jesus Maria y José, July 9, 1.837.“This son married Adelaida Luna, September 17, 1858,and years later as a widower married Refugio Sena of Santa Fe, June 28, 1879." ' Twitchell wrote that Antonio José was born in 1808 at Los Lunas, and named Jesus Maria as his eldest son, who became a lead ing political figure and captain of militia. He also named two other sons who were also civic leaders, Tranquilino and Salomon, the latter married to Adelaida Otero;~“aand also two daughters, Eloisa, married first to Man uel Basilio Otero and then to Alfred M. Ber gere; and Luz, wife of José Maria Romero. There were four other children whom Twit chell does not name.” Don Antonio José Luna, father of the Hon. Tranquilino Luna, delegate to Congress, died on December 20, 1881, at Los Lunas.“ 7. Bapt. of son George. June 7, 1879. at Agua Dulce (B. Ox-ate). and marriage of son Albert, Oct. 18, 1902 (M, Watrous). 8. B-'13, Tnmé. 9. M, Islr-ta and Sta. Fe. 9.1. Jan. 15, 1882, daughter or Manuel and Ana Maria Otero (M-’I_‘nme') . 10. Loc. clt.. and om Santa Fe, p. 465. 11. Obituary in Rev. CM... Vol. VII, No. 52, p. 1. MONTOYA MIGUEL MONTOYA, son of Salvador Montoya and Manuela Garcia de la Riva, married Rosa Baca, widow of José de Silva, April 9, 1729.1She died the following year on April 15, in bearing a daughter, Gertrudis, who was baptized on May 15, 1730.2 This child lived to marry Juan Miguel Alvarez del Castilloﬁ‘ Miguel then married Lucia Duran y Chci vez on March 21, 1734.‘They had the follow ing children: Miguel, who married Joaquina Montes Vigil in 1771;5Francisco, who mar ried Juliana Montes Vigil in 1772at El Pues 1. ,M-3, Albuq. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bur—2. Albuq.; B-6'1. Islets. Sp. An-,h., II, No. 612. M-3. Alhuq. DM, 1771, no number; Sp. Arch., 1, No. 571. [328] to del Cerro. Cabezonf’ Pedro, who married Juana Mirabal in 1779;’Juan Cristobal, who married Luisa Padilla in 1785;’-‘Maria de la Luz, born September 19, 1749; Juan Manuel, December 22, 1747; Antonio Anselmo de la Trinidad, October 24, 1752; José Alejandro, April 26, 1755; and Barbara, January 5, 1757,” who married her first and second cousin, Juan Antonio Baca of Atrisco, in 1770, and in 1781 became the wife of another second cousin, Manuel Lueero of Los Padillas.” One of their daughters, Manuela Lueero, became the wife of Pablo Baca (q.v., this Appendix). 6. Int. 1772. no number; both parents mentioned as dead. 7. II:Id., 1779, no number. 8. lh|d., 1785, no numher. 5). All flvc in ll-II. Album. 10. QM. 1770, 1781. ln Albuq., no number. IN THIS I'llGll'l‘l'Il']N'l‘II CENTURY ORTIZ JUAN ANTONIO ORTIZ, son of Nicolas do, May 20, 1809, who married Estéfana Or tiz, September 8, 1839;” and Francisco An tonio,-January 20, 1812.” The second wife died on February 12, 1814, Ortiz III and Gertrudis Péez Hurtado, mar ried Maria Loreta Ribera, on December 13, 1755.1In 1790 they were living in Santa Fe, he as an hacendero fifty-eight years old, while his wife was fifty-two? He made his last will on September 5, 1795, before going out on an Indian campaign as a Lieutenant of Militia. In this will, and hers in 1822, they each name their eight children,” although the baptismal records name a ninth, who must have died in early infancy. These children are as follows: Julian Antonio, born February 19, 1759; Pedro Antonio, July 5, 1760; Maria Polonia, February 12, 1762; Maria Petrona, February 4, 1764; Antonio Matias,’ March 4, 1768,‘ who married Francisca Baca, April 11, 1790;“An tonio de Jesus, February 2, 1770; Juan Ra fael, October 30, 1774,“ who married three times and became the father of two priests (see next section); Gertrudis; and Ignacio, the last two mentioned in the will, and Ig nacio becoming the husband of Maria Luz Silva.’ jjj Iucm Rafael Ortiz, son of Juan Antonio Or tiz and Maria Loreta Ribera, married Maria Loreta Baca, August 28, 1796.5 They had a son, Juan Felipe, September 15, 1797,” who became a priest and was the Vicar in Santa Fe for the Bishop of Durango when the Unit ed States occupied New Mexico in 1846. Widowed shortly after, Juan Rafael then married Estéfana Delgado, April 27, 1801.” She bore him the following known children: Maria Monica Dolores, May 5, 1805; José Manuel Apolinario, July 25, 1807,“ who mar ried Ana Duran, April 9, 1824;‘?José Fernan M-50. Sta. I-‘e. Sp. Arch., 11. 100611. Com’. Santa Fe Co., R-2, pp. 210-212; R. pp. 212-214. All in B. Stu. Fe. l\I—52. Sta. Fe. Both in B, Sta. Fe. Ibld.. bapt. 01 their child, April 15, 1811. M452. Sta. Fe. B. Sta. Fe. 10. M452. Sta. Fe. 11. Both in 1!. Sta. Fe. S-"9°.“."‘5-"':°'9’.*"-‘!" and Juan Rafael then married Gertrudis Pino, widow of Mariano Duran, February 14, 1816.” Their known children were: Maria Isabel, November 19, 1816; Ana Maria, Janu ary 13, 1818; Tomas Antonio, December 29, 1819;José Justo Damian, September 27, 1821; Maria Josefa, November 16, 1822, who mar ried Pedro Armendaris (q.v.); Maria de la Luz Quirina, June 4, 1824,” who married Mi guel Pino, December 31, 1842;” Manuela, who married a widower, Francisco Tomas C. de Baca, June 10, 1844;“ and José Eulogio, born in Santa Fe and baptized by his eldest half-brother, Don Juan Felipe Ortiz, March 11, 1825.19 Jose Eulogio was a young newly-ordained priest in Bishop Lamy’s first years in Santa Fe. Because of their great disparity in age, Vicar Juan Felipe and Eulogio were believed to be uncle and nephew. * * * * * * =l= * ANTONIO JOSE ORTIZ, son of Nicolas Ortiz III and Gertrudis Péez Hurtado, mar ried Rosa Bustamante, December 31, 1754, with his father and step-mother, Josefa Bus tamante, as witnesses.” In the Santa Fe cen sus of 1790 he is set down as an hacendero fifty-six years old; Rosa is fifty-five, and they have a five-year-old grandchild living with them. Next are entered five of their married sons and their families.“ Antonio José became quite wealthy as a rancher, mer chant, and money-lender. Around the turn of the century he rebuilt and enlarged the entire nave and south chapel of the parish 12. M-53, Sin. Fe. 1.’). I! and M-5-I. sm. Fe. 14. ll. SUI. I"!-. 15. mlr-Ml and M-5'.‘., Sm. F1‘. '. All in 1!, Sin. Fe. 5.11.1 ~23’ . M-M. Sin. Fe. She died on May 6. 1900. the last surviv lnrz p. sistgqpf 20, ..-. . Virnr Juan Felipe Ortiz (Rev. Ont. Vol. XXVI, No. 18. M-5|. Stu. F0. 19. B. Hin. Fe. '20. M-50, Stu. Fr. 21. En. Arch” II. No. 1096a. [329] O (ham .1. gm“ Maﬁa, A,,da1m_..{¢) Salvador Matias de Ribera (Aranda dc Duem, Castilln) Nicola; Ortiz I (Mexico City) (Santiago, Galicia) Gov. Juan Domingo Busiamante y Tagle Ignacio de Roybal y Torrado — Francisca Gémez Robledo (m. 1694) I _ -NIH F9519?Ribeﬂ "' Maﬁa 53"“ (son or bmmer) P“l°'''’'"''’‘° I Vuzv Rev. SANTIAGOROYBAL Vuw REV.Jose Busraxvumra Vicar in New Mexico, 1730-1733; 1737-1774. Vicar in New Mexico, 1733-1736. . ._ Nicolas Ortiz Nmo Ladron de Guevara II -—Juana Baca (rn. I702) (son or brother) Bernardo Bustamame y -I-agle _ F-eh-Cid,”de la, Vega Nicolas Ortiz Nino Ladron de Guevara III —— Gertrudi: Paesl-Iurtado (1st m.Bustamante 1730) I — wife, Josefu Ampnio Ribera — Maria LowetaRibera — Juan Antonio Ortiz (2nd wire, m. 1751) Graciana Sena (m. 1745) Mateo Roybal — Gregoria Baca (m. 1734) La” Viq“ 3’C°°° I _________ A ' J ' —— . I754 memo Use(érhz Rom Busmma-Me (m ) Maria Josefa Ortiz -—Manuel Alarie (m. 1781) Mariano Roybal Ma. Loreta Ortiz Velasco (m. 1781) Antonio Ortiz — Francisco Ortiz — (m. 1790) (51 Wife. 111-17957 Teresa Miera (m. 1755) Carmen Garcia (m' 178?) Mm‘-‘el mbera " Josef“ Labadé : Juan Rafael Ortiz ——-Gertrudis Loreta BacaPino (3rd wife m_ 1315) LVERY REV.J UANFaun: On'nzI I Eﬁsv. RAMONOim:I I LREV. RAFAELORTIZIR:v. FERNANDO Oanz I Juan Manuel Roybal — Ma. Josefa Quintana (m. 1818) I I Rev. Euwcxo On-nz I ~ Mnria Guadalupe Ribera — Jose Maria A1an’e (m. 1814) Vicente Ribera — Paula Padilla 1 Maria Dolores Alarfc ——Desidurio Roybal (m. 1846) Gabriel Ribera —— Isabel am (in. ms) I ‘ I Romualdo Roybal — Mo-nica Gonzales (m. 1873) Rzv. Mnzvurx. ANTONIO DANIEL Rmuu Died at Las Vegas, May 1-1,1921 I Nicolas: Roybal — Fabian Chavez (m. 1909) Rzv. Fn. Axcwco A CLERICAL CHART. <—Native clergy in New Mexico were rare in the past. The few shown here, curiously, can be placed in one group formed by the Ribera, Ortiz, Bustamante, and Roybal families. This diagram was originally com piled for an article, “Ramon Ortiz: Priest and Patriot,” in the New Mexico Historical Review, October, 1950. (5307 CHAV'l'..'., oru. 1N THE EIGIITEENTH church of St. Francis, restoring its old sanc tuary and the north chapel of La Conquista dora as well. He likewise rebuilt the sanctu ary walls of old San Miguel chapel, and erected the now-famous chapel of Rosario outside the city.” He died in August, 1806, and Rosa followed eight years later in the same month, 1814.“ Their large family consisted of the follow ing: Maria de la Luz, born on February 16, 1755;“ Feliciana Paula, January 14, 1758,who married José Campos Redondo;25 Antonio José, February 10, 1759, who married Maria Micaela Baca of Belen;2° Antonio de Jesus, June 22, 1761,“ who married Teresa Miera (see next section); Maria Guadalupe Loreto, December 17, 1762, who married Juan de Dios Peﬁa;”” Ana Gertrudis, who married a widower, Juan Domingo Baca, November 11, CENTURY José was made a priest%idy in 1837, Ramon, when hiswho father hi last will; greatly venerated by all an‘ sundry, Don Ramon Ortiz died at Guadalupe del Paso (Juarez) after a long and historically color ful life;-*7Maria Barbara, wife of José de Je sus Sanchez; the twins, Miguel and Manuel, June 5, 1795, who died in infancy;-"" Ana Ma ria del Rosario, September 4, 1799;” Maria del Refugio, April 30, 1805; Maria Josefa, March 18, 1810,” who married Manuel Doro teo Pino, November 15, 1826;“ Ana Maria, who became the wife of Fernando Delgado, and then of José Antonio Vizcarra, April 14, 1824; Juana Maria and Ana Teresa, both of whom died in infancy.” Frcmcisco Matias Ortiz, son of Antonio J osé 1782;” José Miguel de Jesus, March 30, 1764, Ortiz and Rosa Bustamante, married Maria who married Maria Isabel Baea of Belen, August 29, 1786;” Pedro Fernando de Jesus, February 2, 1766, who married a widow, Juliana de la Peﬁa, January 9, 1786;“ Isabel, May 6, 1771; and Francisco Ma-tias, February 24, 1772,” who married Maria del Carmen Garcia de Noriega (see two sections below). del Carmen Garcia de Noriega, April 6, 1790; she was a daughter of José Garcia de Nori ega, member of this New Mexico family’s branch in Guadalupe del Paso since 1680,and of his wife Rosalia Velarde.“ Their known children were the following: The twins, José Rafael and Fernando Mi guel, born May 23, 1797,“ both of whom be came priests, but not simultaneously, as Ra fael’s investigation for “limpieza de sangr.e” does not mention Fernando;*5 Maria. Guada lupe, December 12, 1799; Maria Josefa Do lores, March 13, 1801; Antonio José de Jesus, June 14, 1804,“ who married Francisca de la Pena, October 4, 1825;“ José Manuel Julio, April 13, 1806; José Manuel de la Trinidad, May 22, 1807; José Marcos, April 25, 1809; and José Isidro Francisco, May 15, 1810.“ Antonio de Jesus Ortiz, son of Antonio J osé Ortiz and Rosa Bustamante, married Teresa Miera y Pacheco, June 20, 1785.33In 1783 he had enlisted at the Santa Fe Presidio, giving his age as twenty-one.“ On April 27, 1837,he drew up his last will, in which he named his parents, his wife, and their eleven children. He also deeded an Oratory of the Ortiz fam ily in Santa Fe to his brother Francisco.” The children of this family were as follows: Francisco cle Paula, February 8, 1790,who married Martina de Arce, April 13, 1809;“ 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 0L0; Pp. 43-44. Bur-50, Sta. Fe. B, Sta. Fe. See Olona and Plno. B. Sta. Fe; Sp. Arvh.. I, No. 666; HSNM, Ortiz Roll. B, Stu. F0; M-40. Isletn; Sp. Arch., II. 10921) 1!, Sta. Fe. lbId.; HSNM, Inc. clt. 231. M-no, Sm. Fr; IISNM. Inc. «It 30. M49, lulu-tn; 1!. Sta. Fe; Sp. Arch., II, 109011. 31. B, Sta. Fe; M—51.Caatrensc; Sp. A1-ch., loc. clt. 32. Both in B. Sim. Fe. 33. 181-51.Cnstrcnse; Sp. Arch., loc. clt. 34. IISNM, Mil. Papers. 35. HSNM. Ortlz Roll. The two priests, Rafael and Fernando Or tiz, were active in the parishes of New Mex ico when Bishop Lamy arrived in 1851. * * * * 5? =8 at * 36. ll-6.’-. Sin. Fr-; M-51, Cnsfrrnso. 37. For his full life, and drastic corrections of family legends and genealogies. see NMHR, Vol. XXV, No. 4, pp. 265-295. 38. H-I3. Nnmlw; IISNM, luv. vlt. 39. I!-23. P0]. 40. Both In “-65, Sin. Fr. 41. 4'2. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. ill-1'13. Sin. Fr. M-M. ('u.«lra-n.-w: ]l.'~lN.'\l, loo. rlt. M-I52. Stu. Sta. Fe. Fr; HSNM, No. 2829; Twit. 0411]..No. 254. B-65, Sec preceding Note 43. All in B-65. Stu. Fe. M-53, Sln. Fe. All in B-65, Sta. Fe. [331} ORIGINS or NEW MEXICO FAMILIES Santiago BCICC! y Ortiz of Santa Fe, a cleric of first tmisure at Durango in 1813, was a grandson of Antonio José Ortiz and Rosa Bustamante.” He was, therefore, the Santi ago, son of Juan Domingo Baca and Ana Ger trudis Ortiz born on January 1, 1790.5”Ap parently, he did not finish his seminary stu dies towards the priesthood, and remained in the Mexican Republic. For he sounds very much like the “Santiago Baca Ortiz” who in 1825 brought the first printing press up to Durango from Mexico City, and who also might well have been the father of JesL'1s Maria Baca, a printer brought fro-mDurango to New Mexico by Padre Martinez of Taoss“ A priest who was Vicar in Santa Fe in 1818, Don Juan Bautista Guevara, has been confused with the Ortiz family because of associations of affinity, and also because Ni colas Ortiz II had appended “Niﬁo Ladrén de Guevara” to the Ortiz name. This Vicar be longed to a distinct family, Ladrén de Gue vara, of Guadalupe del Paso, or possibly of 49. ’l\vit. 0oll., No. 168. 50. B-85. Sta. Fe. 51. NDIHR, Vol. 12. DD. 6-7. 52. See preceding Note 43; Sp. Arch., II, No. 2752. Chihuahua and Durango oriiginally. A sister of his, l3:1rb:1r:1, lT].‘ll'l'l(‘(la (i.'ll'(‘lIl (le 'Norie;{:i at Guadalupe del Paso, and their son José Garcia (le Noriega was the father of Maria del Carmen Garcia, who married Francisco Matius Ortiz in Santa Fe. Hence, the Vicar Ladron dc Guevara was a granduncle of these Santa Fe Ortizes, but through the Garcia side, not the Ortiz.-"9 Another Vicar in Santa Fe in the early part of the nineteenth century was Don Juan Rafael Rasc<5n,"‘3 who has been made an Ortiz in a similar fashion. His family, like the other Vicar’s, could have been the prominent Ras eén family of Guadalupe del Paso, or from other points in the diocese of Durango. Re lated to him, to all appearances, were a Francisco Rascon, alderman of Santa Fe;“ and José Maria Rascén, married to a Doﬁa Josefa , whose daughter Maria Juana married Nicolas Pino, February 28, 1830.5“ 53. 54. 55. 56. NMHR, Vol. III, pp. 150, 161, 337-338. Sp. Arch., I, No. 905. M-54, Sta. Fe. 31-53, Sta. Fe. PAD I LLA FRANCISCO PADILLA, son of Diego de Padilla and Maria Vasquez Baca, married Isabel Baca on March 13, 1732,with his par ents as witnesses-1 Their known children were: Agustina, born August 28, 1734;’ Juan Domingo, February 8, 1739;Maria Josefa, who married Tomas Cha vez;3 Francisca, December 8, 1742,‘who mar 16, 1842.-“5 A Doria Francisca Rascon and Don Guada lupe Miranda, both “familiars of His Lord ship” (the Vicar?) , were married on January —u-Ow-¢"" ried Nicolas Torres, in October, 1763 (see Torres, this Appendix); and Agustina Lucia, December 5, 1744, who married her second and third cousin, Juan Domingo Chavez, in 1764.5 M-11. Islets. B-57. Islets. 5":‘*S"!°!“ Sp. Arrh., I. No. 122. B-5'1. Islets. Ibld.; DM, 1764. in AIbuq., no number. QUINTANA JOSE MARIA QUINTANA, son of Juan Bautista Quintana and Maria Paula Sanchez, married Maria Ygnacia Archuleta (q.v., in [332] this Appendix). They had a very large fam ily, their known children being the follow ing: IN THE EIGHTEl1IN'l‘ll CENTURY José Miguel, born May 19, 1786; Juana Manuela, October 16, 1788;‘Maria Antonia dc la Luz, February 22, 1791; Maria Josefa, March 16, 1793, who married Juan Manuel Roybal ((1.1).in this Appendix); the twins, Maria Juliana Romula and Maria Anastasia Claudia, February 17, 1795; José Mariano de 1. Both in B-23, Nambé, Po]. 2. All in B-25, S. lld. 3. DM. 1834, In Santa Cruz, no number. 4. Both in B-25. 8. 11d. Jesus,” who married Maria Dolores Lujzin in 1834;" /ln.r.o11,i.oJosé, June 10, 1799; José Pab lo, January 25, 1802,“who married Maria Do lores Archuleta, August 28, 1825;“ José Mi guel, March 15, 1804; José Francisco, March 20, 1808,“ who married Altagracia Tafoya;’ Maria Margarita, August 12, 1810; and José Vicente, September 12, 1813.” 5. DM. 1825, no 6. Both in B-25, 7. B-23, Nnmhé. 8. Both in B-25, number. S. lid. l’oJ.; lmpt. of chlld, Nov. 2, 1837. S. Ild. RIBERA MANUEL ANTONIO JOSE RIBERA, son of Antonio de Ribera and Graciana Pruden cia Sena, married Josefa Labadia on June 29, 1783, in the Military Chapel of Our Lady of Light in Santa Fe.‘ Both he and his wife were very active members of the combined Confraternities of the Blessed Sacrament and of La Conquistadora; they did not pay dues because they played for the processions and Masses? What they played is not known. (There was a family legend about the statue of La Conquistadora bowing and smiling when he was singing before it.) W1‘"e in charge of troops at the mi1.Aa_f-gfy 0st of San Miguel del Vado, he reported rumors of an American invading party in October, 1819.3 Their known children were the following: Vicente José, born January 22, 1785, who married Maria Paula Padilla;‘ when he en listed as a soldier in 1808, he was described as a native of Santa Fe, twenty years old, “pelo, zeja, y barba rojas, ojos pardos, color blanco rosado,‘ cam aguilena y nariz regu lar”;5 Maria Trinidad, September 30, 1789;“ Maria Micaela, September 8, 1782;’ Maria Guadalupe, November 1, 1797,”who married José Maria Alari (q.v.); Maria Juana, who died on March 8, 1808;”and José Guadalupe, M-51, (lnatrcnso. AASIF. Bk. LXXIX. Sp. Arch., II, No. 2850. It-06, Sta. Fe. See Note 12 below. HRNM. Mll. Papers. 11--I2, S. Junn. lhId.. dnte perhaps should be 1792. B-65, Sta. Fe. 5‘?°.",°‘.°':“.=-’.*°!" Bur-50, Sta. Fe. _ who married Maria de los Angeles Padilla at San Miguel, June 27, 1813.” There was also an adopted son, José Antonio (Ortiz?), who married a Maria Rosa Ribera in 1795.“ Vicente José Ribera, son of Manuel J osé Ri bera and J osefa Labadia, and his wife, Paula Padilla, had a son, Gabriel, who married Isa bel Baca at San Miguel, December 28, 1845.12 Another son, Jesus, died in Antonchico, De cember 22, 1904,at the age of eighty-one.“ Gabriel Ribera and Isabel Baca were the parents of the Rev. Manuel Antonio Daniel Ribera, who preached his first sermon on September 29, 1886, Feast of St. Michael, at the church of San Miguel where he had been baptized.” Greatly revered all his life, he died at Las Vegas on May 14, 1921. His mo ther died on April 6, 1904.15 Other known children of ‘Gabriel Ribera were: Maria de los Angeles, born on October 3, 1849, who married Frederic Desmarais in San Miguel, June 22, 1867;” Lamberto, mar ried to Veneranda Lopez; Paula, wife of Pru dencio Lc'>pez;" José Lino; and Francisco, married to Escolastica Lopez.” 10. M. Sm: Mllrllcl del Vado, 11. M-52. Sm. F0. 12.fnmlly. M, San Miguel dc-I Vmlo; place called Rlbcm named after lhl.-1 13. Rev. M. lhld., 15. lbld., 16. lMd., .17. lhId.. 18. Ibld., (‘nf.. Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. XXI. No. 1, p. 1. XII, No. /11. p. -181. XXXI, No. 16, p. 181. XII, No. 39, p. 457. XIII. No. 30. p. 318. XXXI. No. 16, p. 181; Vol. XXVI, No. 2. p. 12. [3331 O ORIGINS OF NEW MEXICO FAMILIES ROYBAL MARIANO ROYBAL and Maria Loreta Velasquez were married at La Cuchilla on June 27, 1781.‘His wife's surname is omitted in the marriage entry, and in the baptisms of some children, while in others it appears sev eral times as Ortiz, then as Velarde or Val verde, but most often as Velasquez, the name of the family which had reared her. Maria Loreta Ortiz, widow of Mariano Roybal, died on May 26, 1845, leaving seven surviving children. Of their very large family, the sons are as follows: Juan de Dios, born May 9, 1789;Juan Man uel, January 16, 1787,who married Maria J 0 sefa Quintana (see next section); Rafael Vi cente, August 7, 1791,3who married Anasta sia Quintanay‘ José Juan, February 16, 1798, who married Maria Juliana Quintana? and José de Jesus, June 1, 1800, who married Margarita Duran.“ Their known daughters were: Maria Man uela, May 21, 1783;“ 'Teodora, April 1, 1785, who married Pedro Martin, April 14, 1804;’ Juana Barbara, April 23, 1793;“ and_Mari’a Antonia, October 25, 1795,”who married Pe dro Gonzalez (q.v., this Appendix). Iucrn Manuel Roybal, son of Mariano Roy bal, deceased, and Maria Loreta Velasquez, married Maria Josefa Quintana, May 13, 1818, at El Rancho de San Ildefonso.” Sometime after 1851, the family moved to the newly settled Mora valley and its environs, where Juan Manuel died on April 8, 1858.“ Their known sons were as follows: José Desiderio, born February 11, 1821,who mar ried Maria Dolores Alarid (see next section) ; the twins, José Monica and José Fernando, B-24, S. Iid.; M-33, Sta. Clara. Se Bur-22. P0,]. The three in B-81, Sta. Clara. . B-25. S. Ild., bapt. or two children, Aug. 28, 1821. and ,_,. .. -g.z~.wrm-A . 5, 1824. 5. B-31, three sisters. Sta. Clara; M-25. 8. l]d.; three brothers married 5n.B-31. Sm. Clam: bnpt. of child, Aug. 14. 1886 (B-23. !‘nJ.). 6. B-31. Sta. Clam. 7. . 8. B-23, Nnmbé, I’o].; M-25, 8. 11d. 13-25, s. nd. 9. B-81, Sta. Clara. 10. 31-28. 8. nd. {.334} May 20, 1830;” and José Candelario, Febru ary 5, 1837.” .Their known daughters were: Ignacia, who married Jesus Trinidad Sandoval on Novem ber 7, 1836;Maria de Jesus, who married José Dolores Coca, November 6, 1843;” Maria Guadalupe, born August 15, 1825; Maria Do lores, January 9, 1828; and Ana Maria, Octo ber 21, 1832.15 __.:_... Desiderio Roybal, son of Juan Manuel Roy bal and Maria J osefa Quintana, married Ma ria Dolores Alarid of Santa Fe at El Rancho, February 16, 1846.” According to their chil dren’s baptisms and marriages, they were living at Buena Vista east of Mora in 1853,at La Cebolla in 1861-1867,and at Los Fuerteci tos by 1885. Their known children were: Romualdo Abad, born at Jacona on April 6, 1849, who married Maria Monica Gonzalez (see next section); Jose’ Teodoro, April 1, 1851,” who married Juana Valdes in 1876,and then Eu genia Velasquez at La Cebolla, January 26, 1885;” José Ignacio, born at Buena Vista, August 1, 1853;” Maria Albina, November 27, 1854, who married José Maria Martin, No vember 11, 1867;” Maria Trinidad, born at Jacona, February 4, 1847;“ the infants, Maria Rita and Francisco, buried at La,Cueva in 1861 and 1864;“ and Fructuosa, who married Sacramento Baca, February 10, 1879.2“ Romualdo Roybal, son of Desiderio Roybal and Maria Dolores Alarid, married Maria Monica Gonzalez on February 20, 1873. His family was living at Los Fuertecitos, and the 11. Bur-14. Mnrn.. 12. All in B-25. S. Ild. 13. B-23, Nnnihé. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Boih in M-25. S. I11]. All three in B-25. S. Ild. 31-25. S. lid. Both in B, Stu. Cruz. M. Morn. 19- "-1. LM Vt-yzm. He mnrrlrd Frnnriscn Mnntoyn (hnpt. oi children. 1885!. 183:3). nnd then Epimcnin Bucno, May 19. 1906 (B. I-M Vt-nus; M. wntroua). Z). lh|d.. M. Mom. 21. B. Sin. Cruz. 22. Bur, Mora. 228.. M-Watrouu. IN Til 1'} FIG ll'l‘I!‘.l".N'I‘II CENTURY bride's at La Ciruelita.“'Thcy later resided at the new town of Santa Clara, later named “Wagon Mound,” and also had a ranch at the nearby Canada de Tata Vegué. Their known children were: Andres, No vember 23, 1873; Eva, November 3, 1877, who married Jose’ Donato Herrera, October 3, 1892,and then Ricardo Martinez, January 20, 1901; Aurelia, July 23, 1882, who married George M. King, November 4, 1899; Nicolasa, born at La Canada dc Tata Vegué, November 29, 1884, who married Fabian Chavez (q.v.); Victoria, March 6, 1888,who married Agustin A. Sosaya, August 12, 1909; 'T7‘anquilino, April 13, 1891, who married Tena Lewis; and Romualdo, born December 15, 1895.“ 23. l\f--I6, Mora. 24. All at Wagon Mound (I! and M, Wntrous). TORRES NICOLAS TORRES, son of Diego de Tor res and Maria Martin Serrano de Salazar. of Rio Arriba, married Francisca Padilla of Rio Abajo in October, 1763.‘ In 1790 they were living at Belén, he being fifty-eight, and she forty-four. They had five sons (25-23-1644 6) and two girls (10-8).” In 1767 Nicolas brought suit against his step-mother, Rafaela Baca, widow of Diego de Torres.“ In 1803 he and Francisca had their residence at the Plaza de los Trujillos of Belen; three of their children living in the same place were Agus tin, J osefa, and Mariano with his wife Maria Isabel Armijo.‘ Nicolas died on March 11, 1811? , Their known children were: Andrés Mari ano, who married Maria Isabel Armijo (see next section); Agustin; J osefa; Manuela, married to Pedro Tafoya; and Lorenzo,“ who married Juana Nepomucena Ruiz in 1802.’ Andrés McrricmoTorres, son of Nicolas Tor res and Francisca Padilla, married Maria DM, 1763, In AIbuq.. no number. Sp. A.rch., II, No. 1092b. Ibld., No. 592a. AASF. No. 30. B-54. Tomé. Bur. Sec. AASF, loc. clt. 1., in Albuq.. no number. 9°.“.°’."".".°°.*°!‘ M-4, AIbuq.; DM, 1794, no number Isabel Armijo on August 8, 1794.3As already mentioned, they lived at the Plaza de los Trujillos in 1803; in 1806, Mariano was the guardian of the persons and property of his wife’s four minor brethren, following the tragic death of their eldest brother, Salvador Armijo.” Their known children were: Tomasa, born at San Antonio de los Trujillos in December, 1797; Juan Nepomucena Urbano, May, 1800; Maria Rita Altagracia, July 19, 1802,” who married José Encarnacion Chavez (q.v., this Appendix); Mariano cle Altagracia Fabian, January, 1805,who might be the child “José Mariano” who died in July, 1807;“ Maria Gregoria, May, 1807; and Juan, who married Lorenza Baca, May 13, 1815.” Their mother died at Belén on July 22, 1808,and Mariano then married a Maria Isa bel Baca in the following year, February 9, 1809.” A Mariano Torres of Belen, who was killed by Apaches with thirteen other men on the road from El Paso, February 12, 1810, was most likely this man.” 9. AASF, Tomé. f. 36v. loc. ('lt.: Sp. Arcln, I, No. 54; II, No. 1927; B-54, 10. All in B-54, Tomﬁ. J1. lhId., B and Bur Soc. 1'2. Il)|il., B Sec. 13. lMd., M. Sec. 14. llnI¢l.. Bur nnd second M Sec. 15. llSN:\l. Autographs. [335] BIBLIOGRAPHY I. MANUSCltll"l' SOURCICS AASF-—Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. These are a few odd documents, numbered from 1 to 30, but not every number filled. AGI. — Archive General de Indias, Sevilla: 1. Audi encia; 2. Escribania de Camara; 3. Guadala jara; 4. Patronato. All these are photo copies, bound and numbered according to general title and legajo number, in the Coronado Library of the University of New Mexico. Patronato, le gajo 244, quoted, from Library of Congress. 5. Contaduria: transcript copies loaned by Dean France V. Scholes. AGN. — Archive General de la Nacion, Mexico: 1. Inquisicion; 2. Tierras: Civil; 3. Provincias Internas; 4. Historia. Photo copies in the Coro nado Library of the University of New Mexico. Some Inquisicion references by page, instead of foja, are to transcript copies owned by Dean Scholes, to be found also in Library of Con gress and Ayer Collection. AYERCOLL.-— Spanish American MSS, in the Ed ward A. Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. Bancnorr, NMO, SW0. —‘ (New Mexico Originals, Southwest Originals, with year of document.) Manuscripts collected by H. H. Bancroft, and now in the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. They are described in New Mexico Historical Review, Vol. XXV, No. 3, pp. 248-252. —- Also, Libros de Entradas y Recepciones, etc., three manuscript volumes in Mexican MSS section, Nos. 216, 217, 218. B, BUR., M. — Baptismal, Burial, and Marriage Books (with or without number) and Mission of origin. E.,g., B-27, S. Juan; Bur-48, Sta. Fe,‘ M-11, Isleta. Extant volumes collected from the missions and parishes in 1934 and now in the Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, each tagged and numbered by L. B. Bloom. (Some fell into private hands decades ago and may still exist. The first Baptismal, Burial, and Marriage Books of Santa Fe, from 1694 to about 1726, were long ago lost or pilfered. The first Baptismal Book of Albuquerque had an early section (1711-1726) removed even before being bound in its ancient rawhide cover. Some ,volumes of other places are incomplete because of deterioration and poor care.) — Three late eighteenth-century volumes: of L(l{}ll'Il(l-/l(‘0'Hl.(l are at the (‘..'llll(‘(ll‘Zllp:u'i::h of Gallup. ——(hund alupc del Paso registers quoted are at the Old Mission in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. References to the First Marriage Book of Guadalupe del Paso, now lost, are from the “Bande1ier Notes” in the Peabody Museum, Cambridge. ——Some Roybal baptisms, as noted, are from the parish files of Santo Tomas, Caldas de Reyes, Galicia, Spain. BNM. — Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico. Photo co pies, bound~and designated according to gen eral title, etc., in the Coronado Library of the University of New Mexico. DM. — Diligencias Matrimoniales, year, with or without number. Nuptial investigations and testimonies, some fragmentary, in the Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. I numbered the ones from 1680 to 1729. The rest remain unnumbered, but sorted as to years. Others, duly noted as such, are in the parish files of Belén, Santa Cruz, and San Felipe in Albu querque, neither numbered nor sorted. HSNM. — Historical Society of New Mexico. As sorted manuscripts in the Archive of the Mu seum of New Mexico, including Military Pa pers of enlistments. MNM. — Museo Nacional de Mexico: Asuntos. Bound photo copies in the Coronado Library of the University of New Mexico. Rrrcn COLL.— Ritch Collection in the Huntington Library, San Marina. The oldest ones are man uscripts taken from the Spanish Archives of the Palace of the Governors by Territorial ex Secretary W. G. Ritch. These are described in New Mexico Historical Review, Vol. XXV, No. 3, pp. 245-248. Oarrz TRIAL,Criminal Contra Nicolas Ortiz, etc., 1642, Archivo del Parral, transcript of F. V. Scholes. Sp. ARCl{.,I and II. — Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Vols. I and II, indexed and described by Ralph E. Twitchell, Cedar Rapids, 1914. [337] ORIGINS 01" NEW l\’ll'I.‘{lCO l"'\MlI..Il".S tary clocumi-nt.-:,are still at the Palace, in the vault Of the Nluseum of New Mexico. (Note: His tr.'1nscripl.im1sof words and proper n.'une."., plus ('ommcnts:, Oflcn Inisle;1<lin;',.) Contents of Vol. 1 are wills and lzuul-trzmsfers from the Palace of the Governors, and now in the vault of the United States Land Office in Santa Fe. Those of Vol. II, judicial and mili Twrr. COLL.--—Old manuscripts and fragnnenls col lected by Twilchell, presumably after he had indexed the Spanish Archives. These are in the vault Of the Museum of New Mexico. II. BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS BANCROFT,HUBERT HOWE, History of New Mexico HEWETT, EDGARL., and REGINALDG. FISHER, Mission Monuments of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1943. and Arizona, San Francisco, 1889. BANDELIER,ADOLPI-IF., The Gilded Man, New York, 1893. HODGE,F. W., and THEODOREH. LEwIs, Spanish Ex plorations in the Southern United States, New York, 1907. B-H, III. -- Bandelier-Hackett, Historical Docu ments relating to New Mexico, Nueva Viscaya, and Approaches thereto, to 1773. Collected by F. A. and F. R. Bandelier, and edited by Charles Wilson Hackett, Washington, 1937. BENAvIDEs, FRAY ALoNsO DE, Memorial on KUBLER,GEORGE,The Rebuilding LEADING FAcTs. -— TWITCHELL, RALPH E., Leading Facts of New Mexican History, Vol. II, Cedar Rapids, 1912. New Mexico, 1630, translated by Mrs. E. E. Ayer, Chicago, 1916. —- Fray Alonso de Benavides’ Revised Memorial of 1634, edited by F. W. Hodge, G. P. Hammond, and Agapito Rey, A1 buquerque, 1945. LUMMIS, CHARLESF., A New Mexico David, New York, 1905. — Mesa, Canyon, and Pueblo, New York, 1938. OcARANzA,FERNANDO, Establecimientos Franciscanos , en el Misterioso Reino del Nuevo Mexico, Mex BOLTON, HERBERTEUGENE, with Morse H. Stephens, ico, 1934. The Pacific Ocean in History, New York, 1917. CARROLL, H. B., and J. V. HAGGARD, Three of San Miguel at Santa Fe, 1710, Colorado Springs, 1937. New OLC. — CHAvEz, FRAY ANGELICO,Our Lady of the Conquest, Santa Fe, 1948. Mexico Chronicles, Albuquerque, 1942. OLD SANTA FE. — TWITCHELL, RALPH E., Old Santa CEJADOR Y FRAUCA,JULIO, Historia de la Lengua 11 Fe, Santa Fe, 1925. Literature Castellana, T. III, Madrid, 1930. ONATE. —- HAMMOND,GEORGEP., Don Juan de Onate CH. AND STATE. — SCHOLES, FRANCE V., Church and the Founding of New Mexico, Santa Fe, and 1927. State in New Mexico, 1610-1650, _Santa Fe, 1937. READ,BENJAMIN M., Illustrated CRESPO, DON BENITO, Memorial Ajustado Orden del Consejo Supremo de Indias se ha Hecho del Pleyto Que Siguio . . . Don Benito Crespo, Obispo que fue de Durango, etc., Mex volt of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and Otermin"s Attempted Reconquest, 1680-1682, Vols. I and II, Albuquerque, 1942.. of the Rio Grande, Chicago, 1942. SANTAREN,EULOGIOMONTERO,Monografia ativos al descubrimicnto, conquista y organiza cion de las antiguas posesiones cspanolas de America y Oceania, T. XVI, Madrid, 1864-1884. Historica Descriptiva de la Ciudad de Llerena, Badajoz, Doc. HIST. DEMEX. — Documentos para la historia de Mexico, Tercia Seria, T. IV, Mexico, 1856. Doc. INED.— Coleccion dc documentos ineditos rel of New REVOLT, I AND 11. ——HACKETT, CHARLES WILSON, Re ico, 1738. CRUsADERs.:-— ESPINOSA, J. MANUEL, Crusaders History Mexico, Santa Fe, 1912; Historia Ilustrada de Nuevo Mexico, Santa Fe, 1911. que de 1900 (?). TROUBL. TIMES. — SCHOLES, FRANCE V., Troub lous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, Santa Fe, 1942. TAMARON, DON PEDRO DE, Visita de Durango, 1760, Bancroft Library, Mexican MSS., No. 162. FIRST EXPEDITION.— ESPINOSA, J. MANUEL, First Ex pedition of Vargas Into New Mexico, 1692, Al buquerque, 1940. [338] THOMAS,ALFREDB., Forgotten ’ 1932. Frontiers, Norman, IN THE Vr.1'ANcUm'_,Fmw Aausrm DE, -M(-nolo_aio Francis cano dc los Varoncs mas scnalados, Mexico, 1697. l".I(‘-II'I‘l')lCN'l‘II CENTURY Vn.LAc1m, G/xsmn l’r.nE7. mt, History of New Mex ico, Alcala, 1610, translated by Gilberto Espi nosa, Los Amzclcs, 1933. III. PERIODICALS Art and Archaeology, Archaeological Institute of America, Washington, D. C. Colorado Magazine, HENRY FOLMER, “The Mallet Expedition of 1739 through Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado to Santa Fe,” Vol. XVI, No. 5. El Palacio, FRAY ANGELICO CHAVEZ! “The Archi beque Story," Vol. 54, No. 8; “El Vicario Don Santiago Roybal,” Vol. 55, No. 8; “Don Fernan do Duran de Chavez,” Vol. 55, No. 4; “Jour ney's End for a Pilgrim Lady,” Vol. 56, No. 4; “DeVargas’ Negro Drummer,” Vol. 56, No. 5; “La Conquistadora is a Paisana,” Vol. 57, No. 10; “San José de Chama and its Author,” Vol. 60, No. 4. “Amado Chaves,” Vol. VI, No. 1. —- HERBERTE. BOLTON,“Escalante in Dixie and the Arizona Strip," Vol. III, No. 1. ——FRAY ANGELICO CHA v1»:z,annotations and genealogical chart to “Ra mon Ortiz: Priest and Patriot,” Vol. XXV, No. 4; “Some Original New Mexico Documents in California Libraries,” Vol. XXV, No. 3. — HENRI FOLMER,“Contraband Trade Between Louisiana and New Mexico in the Eighteenth Century,” Vol. XVI, No. 3. New Mexico Quarterly, Ferias y Fiestas de Llerena, 1947.Annual Fair Pro gram, Llerena, Badajoz. New Mexico Folklore smc, B. BLOOMedits Twitchell article, “A Cam paign Against the Moqui Pueblos," Vol. VI, No. 2; “The Vargas Encomienda,” Vol. XIV, No. 4; Record, FRAYANGELICOCHA FRAY ANGELICOCHAVEZ,“A Romeo and Juliet Story in Early New Mexico,” Vol. XX, No. 4. Old Santa Fe, RALPH E. TWITCHELL,“The Pueblo Revolt of 1696,” Vol. III, No. 12. vzz, “The Mad Poet of Santa Cruz,” Vol. III. New Mexico Historical Review, “Noticias que da Juan Candelaria, etc.," Vol. IV, No. 3. —-LAN Revista Catolica, originally published at Las Ve gas, N. M., now at El Paso, Texas. News items, Vols. III-XXXI. [339] SCHIFANI BROTHERS PRINTING COMPANY, INC. SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO % Three Other Available Books by Fray Angelico Chavez LA. ¢f’_f‘,Ul_‘9l,’x iT,U,‘§ill]/“‘\ P ?" V‘ w‘ The Autobiography of an Ancient Statue “La Conquistadora” tells a simple story in almost lyrical style with an artist’s per ception of what adds to the narration and what might only clutter. The warmth of Spanish devotion is balanced by a good sense of human frailty that keeps the record straight. —Houston Chronicle “. . . he writes with exquisite purity, lyric simplicity, and a morning freshness that makes of old themes and familiar historical sequences a fabric of new excitement.” —Paul Horgan in The New Mexican NEW MEXICO rrB.1riItvx:i~i Being Three Panels and Three Accounts “. ._r replete with the same ageless spirit of New Mexico adobe villages. The sim plicity of people who live on and from the soil . . . who see saints and angels plain, and who very well know when they do evil.” ' —Erna Fergusson in New York Herald-Tribune “Faith, Repentance, Sweet Pain, in a pattern of poetic economy—and the bare land of New Mexico, land of sorrow and dream.” —Joaquin Ortega in New Mexico Quarterly ELEVEN L.ADY~LYRlCS And Other Poems “. . . an original, sensitive poet whose bardic talent must stand aside for the priest and prophet.” —Spirit “His poetry is remarkable for conveying much of the beauty of simple Christianity with an unusual economy of expression.” -—New York Evening Sun AT YOUR LOCAL BOOKSTORES OR FROM THE PUBLISHER ST. ANTHONY GUILD PRESS Paterson 3, New J erscy

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