Earth and Space Science Midterm Review Questions (EC)

<strong>Earth</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Midterm</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>Questions</strong> (<strong>EC</strong>)These questions should help you review for the miderm. To get credit for these answer on a separate piece of paper <strong>and</strong> stapleyour answers to this study guide. 1 - Introduction to <strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong>1. What are the major <strong>Earth</strong> systems?2. What are the major divisions of <strong>Earth</strong> science?3. What are some careers that involve <strong>Earth</strong> science? 2 - Geography1. Define latitude <strong>and</strong> longitude.2. List the major lines of latitude that you find on a map. Label the latitude lines Arctic circle, Tropic of Cancer, theEquator, Tropic of Capricorn, <strong>and</strong> the Antarctic circle. 3 - Topographic Maps1. Create a topographic map. Label the contour lines <strong>and</strong> contour intervals. Indicate steep <strong>and</strong> shallow slopes. 4 - Electromagnetic Spectrum1. List the different frequencies of electromagnetic waves in the EM spectrum.2. What are the properties that distinguish waves on the EM spectrum. 5 - Atomic Structure1. Draw a model of an atom with protons, neutrons, <strong>and</strong> electrons.2. What information can you gather about an element from the periodic table? Give an example using argon (18).3. Make a table comparing protons, neutrons, <strong>and</strong> electron. Discuss their mass, location, <strong>and</strong> charge. 6 - States of Matter1. List the three states of matter. Compare their energy <strong>and</strong> temperature.2. Draw a phase change diagram. Include temperature <strong>and</strong> pressure axes <strong>and</strong> the six phase changes of matter betweensolid, liquid, <strong>and</strong> gas. 7 - Minerals1. Define a mineral.2. List the properties of minerals. 8, 9 - Rocks1. What are the three types of rocks?2. What are the processes that create each type of rock?

2 ess_midterm_review.nb3. Draw the rock cycle.4. Describe the process of lithification.5. What regions would be likely to experience metamorphism? 10 - Weathering, Erosion, <strong>and</strong> Soil1. Define weathering <strong>and</strong> erosion. How are they different?2. What are the three main components of soil?3. How does soil type affect erosion?4. Describe components of mechanical <strong>and</strong> chemical weathering. How do they differ? 11 - Mass Movements1. What are the main types of mass movements?2. What is the underlying force behind all mass movements? 12 - Wind Erosion1. Describe evidence of wind erosion.2. What features are formed by wind erosion?3. What factors increase the effects of wind erosion? 13 - Glaciers1. Name features of erosion that can be attributed to glaciers.2. How are glaciers formed? 14 - Surface Water1. Name features of rivers, lakes <strong>and</strong> wetl<strong>and</strong>s.2. What factors affect the rate of runoff?3. What is the process of eutrophication? 15 - Ground Water1. Describe how groundwater is stored <strong>and</strong> how it moves underground.2. How much water on the <strong>Earth</strong> is fresh water? Draw the distribution of water.3. Describe the major problems that threaten groundwater supplies.