Bosh sahifaJPY / GHS • Valyuta
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Yaponiya iyenasi haqida
Iyena — Yaponiyaning rasmiy pul birligi. Bu valyuta bozorida AQSh dollari va yevrodan keyin uchinchi eng koʻp sotiladigan valyutadir. U AQSh dollari va yevrodan keyin uchinchi zahira valyutasi sifatida ham keng qoʻllanadi.
1871-yilgi yangi valyuta qonuni Yaponiyaning zamonaviy valyuta tizimini joriy qildi, Iyena 1.5 g deb belgilangan. oltin yoki 24.26 g kumush va oʻnlik 100 sen yoki 1000 ringa boʻlingan. Yen avvalgi Tokugava tangalarini hamda feodal xan tomonidan chiqarilgan turli xil hansatsu qogʻoz valyutalarini almashtirdi. Yaponiya banki 1882-yilda tashkil topgan va unga pul massasini nazorat qilish monopoliyasi berilgan.
Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyin Iyena urushdan oldingi qiymatini yoʻqotdi. Yaponiya iqtisodiyotini barqarorlashtirish uchun iyenaning kursi Bretton-Vuds tizimining bir qismi sifatida bir iyena 360 AQSh dollari etib belgilandi. 1971-yilda bu tizimdan voz kechilgach, iyena past baholandi va suzib yurishiga ruxsat berildi. Iyena 1973-yilda bir AQSh dollari 271 ¥ ga teng boʻldi, keyin 1973-yilgi neft inqirozi tufayli iyena qadrsizlanish davrini boshdan kechirdi va 1980-yilga kelib bir AQSh dollari uchun 227 ¥ deb belgilandi. WikipediaGana sedisi haqida
The cedi is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the Republic of Ghana. One Cedi is divided into one hundred Pesewas.
After independence, Ghana separated itself from the British West African pound, which was the currency of the British colonies in the region. The new republic's first independent currency was the Ghanaian pound. In 1965, Ghana decided to leave the British colonial monetary system and adopt the widely accepted decimal system. The African name Cedi was introduced in place of the old British pound system. Ghana's first President Kwame Nkrumah introduced Cedi notes and Pesewa coins in July 1965 to replace the Ghanaian pounds, shillings and pence. The Cedi bore the portrait of the President and was equivalent to eight shillings and four pence, i.e. one hundred old pence, so that 1 pesewa was equal to one penny.
After the February 1966 military coup, the new leaders wanted to remove the face of Nkrumah from the banknotes. The "new Cedi" was worth 1.2 Cedis, which made it equal to half of a pound sterling at its introduction. Wikipedia