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DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Cryptic Diversity in Forest Soils on the Isolated Brazilian Trindade Island, South Atlantic

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Located 1140 km from the South American coastline in the South Atlantic Ocean and with an age of 4 million years, Trindade Island is the most recent volcanic component of Brazilian territory. Its original native vegetation has been severely damaged by human influence, in particular through the introduction of exotic grazing animals such as goats. However, since the complete eradication of goats and other feral animals in the late 1990s, the island’s vegetation has been recovering, and even some endemic species that had been considered extinct have been rediscovered. In this study, we set out to characterize the contemporary cryptic diversity in soils of the recovering native forest of Trindade Island using metabarcoding by high throughput sequencing (HTS). The sequence diversity obtained was dominated by microorganisms, including three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) and five kingdoms (Fungi, Metazoa, Protozoa, Chromista, and Viridiplantae). Bacteria were represented by 20 phyla and 116 taxa, with Archaea by only one taxon. Fungi were represented by seven phyla and 250 taxa, Viridiplantae by five phyla and six taxa, Protozoa by five phyla and six taxa, Metazoa by three phyla and four taxa and Chromista by two phyla and two taxa. Even after the considerable anthropogenic impacts and devastation of the island’s natural forest, our sequence data reveal the presence of a rich and complex diversity of microorganisms, invertebrates, and plants and provide important baseline biodiversity information that will contribute to ecological restoration efforts on the island.

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Acknowledgements

We thank congresswoman Jô Moraes and the Biological Sciences Institute at the University of Brasilia. We thank the Brazilian Navy and POIT staff.

Funding

This study received financial support from CNPq, CAPES, and FAPEMIG. Peter Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS “Biodiversity, Evolution, and Adaptation” Team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil

    Paulo E. A. S. Câmara, Diego Knop Henriques & Micheline Carvalho-Silva

  2. Pós Graduação Em Plantas, Fungos E Algas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil

    Paulo E. A. S. Câmara & Fábio Leal Viana Bones

  3. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Palmas, Brasil

    Fabyano Alvares Cardoso Lopes

  4. Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil

    Fabio S. Oliveira

  5. Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil

    Cristine Chaves Barreto

  6. Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brasil

    Larissa Paraguassu Campos

  7. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK

    Peter Convey

  8. Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Peter Convey

  9. Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

    Luiz Henrique Rosa

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  1. Paulo E. A. S. Câmara
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Contributions

PEASC and LHR designed the study and secured funds; FLVB and FACL performed the bioinformatic analyses; FSO and LPC did fieldwork and collecting; PEASC, LHR, and DKH performed lab work; CCB worked with the bacteria data; LHR worked the fungi data; MCS and PEASC worked on the plant data; PEASC and PC worked on the remaining groups. FSO and LPC worked on the soil data; PEASC, LHR, and PC wrote the manuscript, and all authors revised it.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paulo E. A. S. Câmara.

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Câmara, P.E.A.S., Bones, F.L.V., Lopes, F.A.C. et al. DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Cryptic Diversity in Forest Soils on the Isolated Brazilian Trindade Island, South Atlantic. Microb Ecol 85, 1056–1071 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02018-4

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