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Comparative floral development in Mimosa (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) brings new insights into merism lability in the mimosoid clade

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Abstract

The genus Mimosa L. (Leguminosae; Caesalpinioideae; mimosoid clade), comprising more than 500 species, is an intriguing genus because, like other members of the mimosoid clade, it presents an enormous variation in floral characteristics and high merism lability. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the floral development and identify which ontogenetic pathways give rise to merism variation and andromonoecy in Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, M. pudica, M. bimucronata, and M. candollei. Floral buds at various stages of development and flowers were collected, fixed, and processed for surface analysis (SEM). The development of the buds is synchronous in the inflorescences. Sepals appear simultaneously as individualized primordia in M. caesalpiniifolia and in reversed unidirectional order in M. bimucronata, with union and formation of an early ring-like calyx. Petal primordia appear in unidirectional order, with a noticeably elliptical shape in M. caesalpiniifolia. The wide merism variation in Mimosa results from the absence of organs from inception in the perianth and androecium whorls: in dimerous, trimerous, or tetramerous flowers, the additional organs primordia to compose the expected pentamerous flowers are not initiated. The haplostemonous androecium of M. pudica results from the absence of antepetalous stamens from inception. In the case of intraspecific variations (instabilities), there is no initiation and subsequent abortion of organs in the events of reduction in merosity. In addition, extra primordia are initiated in supernumerary cases. On the other hand, staminate flowers originate from the abortion of the carpel. Mimosa proved to be an excellent model for studying merism variation. The lability is associated with actinomorphic and rather congested flowers in the inflorescences. Our data, in association with others of previous studies, suggest that the high lability in merism appeared in clades that diverged later in the mimosoid clade. Thus, phylogenetic reconstruction studies are needed for more robust evolutionary inferences. The present investigation of ontogenetic processes was relevant to expand our understanding of floral evolution in the genus Mimosa and shed light on the unstable merism in the mimosoid clade.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Rogério da Costa Figueiredo and Elaine Zózimo de Souza (Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Raquel Pires (Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Brunno Renato Farias Verçoza Costa (Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) for technical support during electron microscopy work; Lisi Dámaris Pereira Alvarenga for revising the English; Lucas Sá Barreto Jordão for identifying the species. This research was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ (process numbers: E-26/010.100998/2018; E-26/201.464/2022—BBP), and by CAPES with the scholarship for the first author.

Funding

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,E-26/010.100998/2018, Juliana Villela Paulino, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR), E-26/201.464/2022—BBP, Juliana Villela Paulino.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical – JBRJ, Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040 - Solar da Imperatriz – Horto, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-03, Brazil

    Bruno Cesar Ferreira Gonçalves, Vidal de Freitas Mansano & Juliana Villela Paulino

  2. DIPEQ, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil

    Vidal de Freitas Mansano

  3. Departamento de Produtos Naturais E Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil

    Renan Siqueira de Moraes & Juliana Villela Paulino

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  1. Bruno Cesar Ferreira Gonçalves
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B.C.F.G., and R.S.M. performed the experiments and analyzed the data. J.V.P. and V.F.M. contributed to the study conception and design. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Juliana Villela Paulino.

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Gonçalves, B.C.F., Mansano, V.d., de Moraes, R.S. et al. Comparative floral development in Mimosa (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) brings new insights into merism lability in the mimosoid clade. J Plant Res 137, 215–240 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-023-01507-y

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