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ON THE THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF ILLITE AND I-S MINERALS

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

A review of the models proffered to advance the notion of the metastability of illite shows that these models are not supported by the various data groups that have become available. Given that clay minerals are products of water–rock interactions, low-temperature hydrothermal experiments provide singular insights into their relative stabilities; such experiments with natural materials of contrasting pedigree (illites, sericites, muscovites, and chlorites) show that clay-mineral behaviors in low-temperature hydrothermal solutions are amenable to equilibrium thermodynamic conventions. The data from hydrothermal experiments coupled with data from geothermal fields indicate that muscovite is not a stable phase in the P-T-X range in which authigenic illite occurs; given that experimental data and field occurrence suggest that muscovite and illite have different P-T stability regimes, the continued use of muscovite as a proxy for illite in thermodynamic models is of questionable utility. Furthermore, morphometric studies of clays undergoing illitization show that crystal-size distributions exhibit log-normal patterns. Because log-normal distributions derive from maximum entropy effects, these crystal-size distributions may reflect the effects of entropy production during crystallization rather than kinetically driven Ostwald ripening of illitic phases; the small crystal size of clay minerals may derive from constraints imposed by the physicochemical conditions of their environments of formation. Presumably, irreversible thermodynamics provides the framework for a quantitative understanding of the evolution of complex clay minerals in space and time.

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Acknowledgments

This work was not directly funded by any external funding agencies. Constructive and thoughtful review comments provided by the Editor-in-chief, the Associate Editor, and two journal reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. Also, the author gratefully acknowledge Dr. D. M. Yates for providing the TEM micrograph.

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  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210-2889, USA

    Stephen U. Aja

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[Received 2 August 2019; revised 4 November 2019; AE: Warren D. Huff]

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Aja, S.U. ON THE THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF ILLITE AND I-S MINERALS. Clays Clay Miner. 67, 518–536 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-019-00044-x

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