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The Alps and Their Siblings

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The Formation of Mountains

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Abstract

The Alps are a particularly complicated mountain range—but well researched. In this chapter we learn about the formation of the Penninic Ocean, the early collision in the Eastern Alps (eo-Alpine orogeny) and, finally, the continental collision of Europe and the Adriatic Plate (Alpine orogeny). We explore the structure of nappes with the corresponding thrust faults and take a detailed view on the ophiolite of Zermatt and the Tauern window. The closure of the Penninic Ocean led to the formation of numerous other mountain ranges in the Mediterranean, including the Sierra Nevada in Andalusia, Rif and Tell Atlas in northern Africa, and the Apennines in Italy, as well as the Carpathians, Dinarides and the Hellenides in the east and southeast of Europe.

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    Florian Neukirchen

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Neukirchen, F. (2022). The Alps and Their Siblings. In: The Formation of Mountains. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11385-7_8

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