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Deep-Sea Corals of the North and Central Pacific Seamounts

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Cold-Water Coral Reefs of the World

Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 19))

Abstract

The North and Central Pacific are home to a number of major archipelagos including Hawaii, the Marianas, Samoa, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands, and Marshall Islands, and numerous seamounts associated with each of these island groups. These islands span from 14°S, the latitude of American Samoa in the South Pacific, to Kure Atoll at 28°N latitude in the Central North Pacific, with seamounts continuing along the Hawaiian Ridge northwest into the Emperor Seamount Chain. Although all are generally remote, some of these island and seamount chains are so isolated (Hawaii and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands) that they have some of the world’s highest levels of marine endemism. Differences across the Central Pacific have been documented in the extensive shallow tropical coral reef communities through two decades of directed assessment and monitoring efforts for the subgroup of sites that include the US Pacific Islands. It is likely that deeper coral communities also differ across this region, however, broader explorations of mesophotic and deep-sea communities are needed to document these patterns. Extensive explorations have been undertaken in the Hawaiian Archipelago and started to expand to the rest of the Central Pacific in 2015. Within the North and Central Pacific, deep-sea scleractinian reefs are so far only known to occur from the far end of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) and lower end of the Emperor Seamount Chain (ESC), and from the Phoenix Islands, thus this chapter will focus on those regions. In all areas of the North and Central Pacific so far explored, dense beds of octocorals and antipatharian corals are instead generally the dominant benthic megafaunal taxa on deep-sea hard substrates, occupying the same functional roles and niche as scleractinian reefs, but far more common and extensively distributed, thus they will also be frequently mentioned.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the editors for the invitation to participate in this chapter. Our thanks to Chris Kelley who reviewed the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL) database and provided unpublished HURL data records to help determine potential additional location of scleractinian reefs. We also thank Hannah Barkley and Ari Halperin who provided Figs. 10.1 and 10.2. Unpublished data on fish associations were collected through NSF grants OCE-1334652 to ARB and OCE-1334675 to EBR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department°f Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Amy R. Baco, Beatriz E. Mejia-Mercado, Virginia Biede, Nicole Morgan & W. Ben Brantley

  2. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Frank A. Parrish

  3. Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Steven Auscavitch

  4. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA

    Stephen Cairns

  5. Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    E. Brendan Roark

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    Erik Cordes

  2. Department of Ocean Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands

    Furu Mienis

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Baco, A.R. et al. (2023). Deep-Sea Corals of the North and Central Pacific Seamounts. In: Cordes, E., Mienis, F. (eds) Cold-Water Coral Reefs of the World. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40897-7_10

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