THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 “ FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 1 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE King George V presenting Lizzie Robinson with the British Empire Medal at Ibrox on 17 September 1917 2 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE The Medal of the Order of the British Empire 19171922 by Roger Willoughby SAVANNAH in association with THE LIFE SAVING AWARDS RESEARCH SOCIETY 2012 3 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE © Roger Willoughby and Savannah Publications First published 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without permission Published by Savannah Publications 90 Dartmouth Road, Forest Hill, London SE23 3HZ, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record is available from the British Library ISBN 1 902366 53 0 EAN 9781902366531 Printed in the UK by Lonsdale Direct Solutions Cover: from a design by Roger Willoughby Other books by Roger Willoughby: A Military History of the University of Dublin and its OTC 1910-1922 (1989) Masud Khan: the Myth and the Reality (2004) Saved from the Flames: A History of the Society for the Protection of Life from Fire and its Awards (2012) 4 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Dedicated to the memory of George Thomas Willoughby 19362005 and Barbara Willoughby 19352006 5 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Group of medals to Sergeant Alfred James Nutting, London Regiment For full details of medals, see entry for Nutting, p.211) Group of medals to Staff Sergeant Frederick John Franckeiss, Royal Engineers For full details of medals, see entry for Franckeiss, p.126) Group of medals to Mademoiselle Jeanne Henne, Belgian Agent For full details of medals, see entry for Henne, p.364) 6 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Contents Foreword......................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................11 I: Historical Introduction .........................................................................................13 II: Roll of Recipients (British and Empire).............................................................43 III: Roll of Recipients (Foreign Nationals) ...........................................................301 References ................................................................................................................. 443 7 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Nurse Lily Cope’s Certificate from the Society for the Protection of Life from Fire together with her British Empire Medal – both awarded for the same act of bravery 8 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Foreword The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire was introduced in 1917 to recognise the contributions of numerous people in Britain and abroad to the war effort. Before to this, state recognition of civilian gallantry was limited chiefly to awards granted for industrial accidents and life saving at sea, but there was no appropriate award for the vast majority of people undertaking hazardous work other than on the battlefield. The Order of the British Empire was instituted – unusually for British Orders – in five classes, with the Medal of the Order (essentially a sixth class award) extending its scope to include significant numbers of largely working class men and women in civilian roles. These relatively unknown people had given long and meritorious service, often putting themselves in harm’s way, both in carrying out their duties and in performing acts of bravery and lifesaving. Many sustained crippling injuries in the course of these activities and the need for suitable recognition was important. In addition, there were many deserving foreign recipients – a substantial number of whom gave their lives gathering intelligence for the British. Apart from a chapter in Abbott and Tamplin’s 1981 book British Gallantry Awards, and a handful of articles in the Journal of the Orders and Medals Research Society, relatively little has been published specifically on the Medal of this Order, and in particular, on the first issue of the medal (1917-1922). In compiling this work, Roger Willoughby has carefully examined substantial primary source material at The National Archives and other repositories; this has allowed him to tell the story of the Medal of the Order, charting in fascinating detail the twists and turns of its short, five-year history. Initially the medal was given to British subjects (both civilian and military), then, within a year, two divisions of the medal were created – civilian and military. Uncertainty about the remit of the medal gave way to it becoming an important award recognising bravery and meritorious actions performed by the British working classes, with a large number of foreign nationals also being recognised, primarily for their actions in assisting the various British secret service networks in the war effort. For many years, only the 2,015 British recipients of this medal were known, their names and occasional brief details having been published in the London Gazette. Due entirely to the author’s detailed research in British, Belgian and other archives, he has been able to identify around 932 foreign recipients of this medal. This is no mere list of names however. The author has additionally documented the acts of gallantry and devotion to duty performed by both British and foreign nationals to supplement the details contained in the London Gazette. This further information, together with numerous photographs of recipients, comprises the majority of this important volume. Roger Willoughby’s book is undoubtedly the most comprehensive and will remain the definitive work on the Medal of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (1917-22). It is a privilege for the Life Saving Awards Research Society – especially in this, its 25th anniversary year – to be associated with its publication. John Wilson Journal Editor Life Saving Awards Research Society 9 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Group of medals to Lance-Corporal Frederick Cox, RAOC For full details of medals, see entry for Cox, p.96) Group of medals to Fireman William James Gorman, West Ham Fire Brigade For full details of medals, see entry for Gorman, p.135) Group of medals to John William Swithenbank, YMCA Worker For full details of medals, see entry for Swithenbank, p.260) 10 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Acknowledgements A work such as this does not get written without the generous help from many individuals. The book started with a conversation with my friend John Wilson, the Editor of the LSARS Journal, who remarked that the Society was investigating the possibility of publishing a volume to mark the 25th anniversary of its founding, did I have any suggestions about possible topics and then (when I had offered this as a subject) would I like to write it. Aside from this friendly ambush, John has been consistently encouraging during the course of the book’s construction, has facilitated LSARS sponsorship of key photography, has assisted in identifying material at The National Archives, and has been involved in the final editing and proof reading process. Sharon Faulkner’s contribution has been substantial. She has devoted innumerable hours word processing and editing the manuscript to get it ready for submission to the publisher. The generosity of her contribution, done from interest and friendship, as well as that of her staff and colleagues at the Reading based company Fine Images, is acknowledged and very much appreciated. I am very grateful to her. Bob Scarlett has greatly assisted with his ever-professional photography, supplying images of medals he has photographed over the years, undertaking new photography and editing some other photographs. His encouragement and support during the writing of the present work has also been important. Rachel Wells, CVO, and her colleagues at the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood have been very helpful in commenting on and providing details of the foreign nationals recorded on the Register of the BEM for the period under consideration. William Spencer has kindly assisted in identifying sources in The National Archives, particularly on this same group of recipients. Further information on some of the Belgian Agents who received the medal for their services in the First World War has come from Roel Struyve, who has generously allowed me access to his research (including several photographs) and this has valuably augmented the details on awards to these foreign nationals. Jan Van der Fraenen, historian at the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and of Military History, in Brussels, has also generously helped with further material on this most interesting group of individuals (including the provision of several photographs), as has Emmanuel Debruyne, of the Université Catholique de Louvain. Numerous members of the Life Saving Awards Research Society, the Orders and Medals Research Society and the British Medal Forum have contributed in various ways to the book. So too have families of some of the women and men whose acts and lives are discussed in this book. I want to here particularly acknowledge the help of Lars Ahlkvist, Paul Baillie, Kevin Barnes, Gavin Bassie, Paul Biddle, Mark Bougourd, Lloyd Brodrick, Steven J A Brown, Stephen Callaghan, Kim Claxton, Ralph Daly, Martin Daniels, Ray Davies, Norman Gooding, Peter Hawkings, David Helfgott, David Ingle, Peter Jansen, Cecil Jessop, Chris Keller, Peter McGoldrick, Wioletta Madaj, Anthony Pamm, Simon Pile, Alan Seldon, John C Short, Brian Simpkin, Greg Singer, Gordon Smith, Bill Strong, and Katie Griffiths White-Thomas. My thanks to Jane Rosen and her colleagues at the Imperial War Museum for facilitating my access to the wonderful series of photographs in the museum’s ‘Women’s Work’ collection and for permission to use the fine photograph of Lizzie Robinson receiving her Medal of the Order of the British Empire from the King (WWC DEC6/620). I wish to thank the following for providing photographs and for their kind permission to reproduce these in the present work: Dix, Noonan, Webb for use of their photographs of medals to Laurence Skinner, Leonard Hutchinson, William Gorman, William McFarlane, Alfred Nutting, 11 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE George Farrant, Lily Cope, and Frederick Coplin, all sold by them at various times; Paul Boag and Gale Cengage Learning for their agreement to use several images from their Women, War & Society 1914-1918 series; and to Morton & Eden for the use of their photograph of the Jeanne Henne group, offered by them for sale on 3 October 2003. Friends and family have encouraged and supported in various ways my work on this latest book and their gentle presence on the journey to its completion has –as ever – been important to me. Thank you Jasmine, Sara, Stella and Alison and Alan. My thanks also to Alison Pemberton for her proof reading, editorial suggestions, other practical donkey-work and the emotional support she has offered in bringing the text to fruition. My final thanks go to Diana Birch for her constant encouragement and for publishing this work, which has involved her in a myriad tasks, large and small. Any shortcomings as well as errors and omissions contained in the work are the responsibility of the author. 12 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Historical Introduction The Medal of the Order of the British Empire: Its Origins and Development The First World War marked a historical watershed in many spheres of British social life, with an unprecedented number of men and women, across all social classes, mobilised in support of the war effort. The dangers of the battlefields were mirrored on the home front with hazards arising from munitions development and manufacture, as well as enemy bombing, inaugurating the beginning of total war. Wider social changes, particularly relating to the rights and role of women, the labour movement and class politics, and foreign relations, were also in process and would be catalysed by the war.1 Along with government efforts to motivate the population, compelling engagement with the services as well as their supporting infrastructure, and managing public opinion, there came the need to recognise the significant contributions being made by unprecedented numbers of people in diverse and often novel areas. One strand of this recognition was through the honours system. It quickly became apparent, however, that the existing honours structure was insufficient to meet the needs of either this industrial scale war or of the changing social conditions. New military decorations – such as the Military Cross, Distinguished Service Medal and Military Medal – were established to recognise battlefield heroism. Bravery not in the presence of the enemy, as well as distinguished or meritorious services of many kinds by both military personnel and civilians, were felt to call for more specific acknowledgement. It was in this context that the Medal of the Order of the British Empire came to be established in 1917.2 The initial committee set up to consider the advisability of establishing what would become the Order of the British Empire consisted of Maurice Bonham Carter (1880-1960), Sir Edward Troup (1857-1941), and the prime mover in the initiative, Sir Frederick Ponsonby (1867-1935). In their report to the Cabinet, dated 8 July 1916, they highlighted the need for a new order for ‘a large number of persons’ and in particular for (a) foreign nationals, (b) women, and (c) minor officials, who were ineligible for other awards or for whom they were unsuitable. In addition to an Order, divided into five classes (deliberately mirroring many foreign orders), the report recommended: 1. 2. For discussions of this see for example A Marwick ‘The Impact of the First World War on British Society’, in Journal of Contemporary History, 3: 1 (Jan, 1968): 51-63; B A Waites ‘The Effect of the First World War on Class and Status in England, 1910-20’, in Journal of Contemporary History, 11: 1 (Jan, 1976): 27-48; A Marwick, C Emsley & W Simpson (Eds) Total War and Historical Change: Europe 1914-1955, Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001; A Marwick The Deluge: British Society and the First World War, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006; and A Gregory The Last Great War: British Society and the First World War, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. For the history of the Order of the British Empire itself see P Galloway The Order of the British Empire, London: Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, 1996. 13 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE … that a medal not entitling its wearer to the use of the letters ‘OBE’ should be added to the Order, so that it may be possible to recognise the services of many persons, e.g. manual workers, who could not well be admitted to one of the classes.3 The general proposals about the Order were approved by the King and Sir Frederick Ponsonby then canvassed government departments in October 1916 about the anticipated numbers each might require. He also noted that the Medal was for those whose services were: ‘worthy of recognition, but which do not merit Membership of the Order’.4 Social conditions were changing and such proposals sought to both encompass these and preserve existing class distinctions by extending state recognition to women and the working class, in particular by means of the Medal.5 Substantial further discussions followed over the ensuing months. The Departmental Committee on Decorations held a key meeting at Buckingham Palace on 1 May 1917. During its deliberations, the concept of the Medal was brought up by Ponsonby, thus: The medal is a very difficult subject, because we have applications from all over the place asking for a medal of some sort. If there is a man in the Dominions or the Colonies who does perform wonderful services you have nothing to give him. It is the same here in England; unless a man saves somebody’s life he cannot get a medal. There is no civil medal of any sort to give a man of that class; so I think a medal is very much needed. The Ministry of Munitions have raised several points about it. One is whether there would be any objection to the Trade Unions being consulted, and whether they could start it by the men being given so many medals which will be presented, and then allow them to elect the recipients of the medal. That is a dangerous innovation, in a way.6 Nevertheless, Ponsonby went on to indicate that he was not opposed to the idea of elections, if the Trade Unions supported the proposal. He also noted that the King had indicated the medal should be granted in the same ratio as gallantry medals were being conferred in the army. Rear-Admiral Allan Everett (1868-1938) stated the latter figure as being generally regarded as one per cent. Ponsonby then concluded by characterising the new award as: ‘the medal to the manual worker’.7 During this period the Medal and other insignia of the Order were being designed by Elinor Hallé (1856-1926), daughter of Sir Charles Hallé, a one-time student of the Slade School of Fine Art and noted sculptor and medallist. Details of the medal as designed by Hallé are summarised below: OBVERSE REVERSE DIAMETER COMPOSITION 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Britannia, classically dressed, seated on a shell throne, holding a trident and pointing out to sea, with the motto ‘FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE’ around the circumference, the outer border being milled The intertwined initials ‘GRI’ surmounted by a crown, all within a roped inner border, the outer border being milled 29mm Silver (96% millesimal fineness) Confidential Report of the Committee Appointed to Enquire into the Advisability of Instituting a New Decoration for Services in Connection with the War’, dated 8 July 1916 (TNA ref: ADM 1/8423/153). Sir F Ponsonby, letter dated 27 October 1916 (TNA ref: ADM 1/8423/153). Marxist and post-Marxist influenced cultural readings (such as those by Gramsci and Barthes) would highlight such manoeuvres as ways in which the state seeks to maintain the status quo through the incorporation of dissent within hegemonic structures. For a wider discussion of the socio-political function of the honours system see D Cannadine Ornamentalism: How the British saw their Empire, London: Allen Lane, 2001. Sir F Ponsonby ‘Order of the British Empire and National Service Order Minutes of Committee Meeting Tuesday 1 May 1917’, p.26 (TNA ref: WO 32/5397). Ibid. 14 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 SUSPENSION RIBBON BUCKLE BARS NAMING RIBBON CASES DESIGNER MANUFACTURER COST Small fixed ring (4.5mm) interlinked with larger ring (11.4mm) for the ribbon Simple ‘hidden’ pin back type, unmarked, 29.5mm wide None issued; however one recipient (Frederick John Cox) is known to have subsequently received a bar, gazetted in 1942, designed for wear with the second type BEM; while another recipient (Mademoiselle Jeanne Henne) also received the second type BEM for further services during WWII. Other such cases may exist Issued unnamed; privately engraved or impressed examples are known Although originally authorised in the statutes for issue with a purple ribbon one and one-sixteenth of an inch wide, most observed examples are 29.5mm (almost one and three sixteenths of an inch) wide, the Military Division being distinguished by a thin vertical red stripe in the centre of the ribbon Rectangular hinged case, measuring 96mm x 64mm x 22mm, with spring catch, with ‘O.B.E. MEDAL’ and border in gold block on lid. The interior fitted with red velvet recessed to house the medal, the inside lid having ‘JOHN PINCHES LONDON’ printed on the off-white silk lining Elinor Hallé, though her name or initials do not appear on the medal John Pinches, London Six shillings and nine pence each, including the fitted case.8 On 4 June 1917 George V established ‘The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire’ by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom. Subsequently, the statutes of the Order were published on 24 August 1917. Four Articles dealt with the Medal thus: 21. It is ordained that a medal in connection with the said Most Excellent Order shall be awarded to persons, not being members of the five classes of the said Most Excellent Order, whose services to Our Empire would warrant such mark of Our Royal appreciation. 22. It is ordained that the medal of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire for men and for women shall consist of a circular medal in silver, having on the obverse a representation of Britannia within the circle and motto of the Order and on the reverse Our Royal and Imperial Cypher, and shall be worn on the left side suspended by a ring to a purple riband of one inch and one-sixteenth of an inch in width. 23. It is ordained that it shall be competent for Us, Our heirs and successors by a Warrant under Our Royal Sign Manual to cancel and annul the award of any Medal of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, and that thereupon the name of the recipient in the Register shall be erased, but it shall be competent for the Sovereign to restore the medal to any person whose name may have been so erased, when circumstances render it just and expedient so to do.9 At the same time as the statutes were published in the London Gazette, the initial awards of the Order and its Medal were announced. The list of recipients of the Medal appeared without accompanying citations or designations of their roles.10 The order of names appears rather haphazard, no doubt reflecting Sir Frederick Ponsonby’s proposal that for this ‘window dressing gazette’ the ‘names should be jumbled up together…[to avoid] the British public making calculations’.11 The list and its preamble ran as follows (numbered here for ease of reference): 8. See TNA ref: MINT 20/773. 9. Supplement to the London Gazette, 24 August 1917, p.8793. 10. Ibid, pp.8798-9. 11. ‘Order of the British Empire and National Service Order Minutes of Committee Meeting Tuesday 1 May 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 32/5397). 15 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE British Empire Medal, reverse British Empire Medal, obverse Unofficial engraving on the British Empire Medal Top of the case of the British Empire Medal Inside the case of the British Empire Medal 16 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 The King has been graciously pleased to confer the Medal of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire upon the following, for services in connection with the war. The awards to date from the 4th June, 1917: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 53. Jennie Algar Jack Bide John Bretherton Walter Woodward J Bramhall Miss Maude Bruce C L Carr G Chaplin J Johnson T B Cooksey Miss Netta Daniel Miss Isabella Dixon Miss L M Ede John Fisher Charles Foster Miss V Golding Ralph Goldney G F Hamlet Thomas Harper A Harrington J Hinds J Lloyd G Mallard J Williams Matthews Henry Moulton C Ogilvie F Osmond Ivor Pugh Miss Lizzie Robinson Miss Annie Rose W Rushton James Sharp Miss Lily Smith Richard Swift Miss Dolly Gladys Vickers A Westbrooke Miss Mary Williams G Williamson J Wheeler F Mason F Newman R Robinson C Chandler W Banks W Clarke J Butt G Aylward A Picton E Day G Precious J Keam J Maher The initial announcement of these awards was greeted positively by the press. The Daily Mirror, for example, quoted several citations and noted that: The medal of the Order of the British Empire is a sort of war workers’ ‘VC’. It is awarded ‘for services of special merit rendered to the Empire by men and women in manual and other work done for the war. Such services will include acts of great courage, self-sacrifice or high example; of initiative or perseverance; of skill, resource or invention’.12 The editorial in the same issue reflected on the extensive use of the phrase ‘devotion to duty’ in the (unpublished) citations and sought to extend its recognition to what might be termed the heroism of everyday life, noting that: The chance came in peace time in humbler ways… for it is heroism to do many necessary, simple, but often dreary, things with constancy and uncomplainingly, year after year. The work of the harassed but clean-living mother who tries to ‘do her best’ for her children in many a mean street is a heroism deserving of medals. Yet it is a convention that medals belong mainly to war: the work of destruction must ever seem more heroic to men than the slower work of building it up again.13 While undoubtedly the long-term perseverance, pursuit of ideals and determination in the face of structural adversity and limited resources that the Daily Mirror sought to classify – probably 12. Daily Mirror, Saturday, 25 August 1917, p.2. 13. Ibid., p.5. 17 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE correctly – as a type of heroism deserves social recognition, the Medal of the Order would not quite encompass such a range of deserving acts. Its scope was intended to be broad, as will be elaborated below, and at times it would be granted to representative individuals who were ‘do[ing] many necessary, simple, but often dreary things with constancy and uncomplainingly, year after year’. Such recipients did not always recognise what they had thus done to merit recognition. Annie Sloan, for example, who spent some of the war as an Acting Assistant Forewoman Clerk with the QMAAC, when asked about her award wrote: ‘I am afraid I can’t explain exactly what I received this for, but those who have charge of such matters will know’.14 A conference of departments was held at the Home Office on 17 October 1917 under the chairmanship of Malcolm Delevingne (1868-1950), with representatives of the Board of Trade, Ministry of Munitions, War Office and Admiralty taking part, to consider methods of selection for the next awards of the Medal. Though the idea of seeking recommendations from the grass-roots was entertained, the conference decided to primarily solicit recommendations using a top-down approach, asking employers to nominate potential recipients. Such nominations were to be made in rank order on lists that were to be supplemented with details of the acts each person had performed. The proposed draft circular, prepared by the Admiralty and to be modified as required by other departments, read as follows: The Superintendents and Officers in Charge of HM Dockyards and Civil Establishments at Home and Abroad. 1. 2. 3. I am to acquaint you that it is intended shortly to issue a further (second) list of Awards of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, and that it is desired to include a number of Admiralty employees in the list. I am accordingly to request that you will forward, as soon as possible, on the attached form, a list of employees serving in the Establishments under your superintendence, who it is considered, have qualified for the award. It should be noted that the present intention is to limit the total number of awards during the war to approximately 1 per cent of the total number of eligible employees in all Establishments. Your list therefore should not exceed that proportion unless there are exceptional circumstances. The names recommended should be arranged or grouped as far as possible in order of merit, as it will not be possible to include all the awards in the next list. Employees of all grades below the rank of salaried officers (i.e., in general those paid in weekly wages), whether workmen or workwomen, are eligible for the Award for the Medal. The Medal is intended to be awarded for services of special merit rendered to the Empire by men and women in manual and other work done for the War. The service of which account is intended to be taken will include acts of great courage, self-sacrifice or high example; or service showing initiative or perseverance, skill, resource or invention. Any representations which may be received from employees themselves in respect of services rendered by their colleagues should be given full consideration. In forwarding the list of recommendations full particulars are to be given, on the form provided, of the name, grade etc., of each of the persons included, and of the special services in respect of which it is recommended to award the Medal.15 The relative liberality of the proposed issue of the Medal – to one percent of the eligible employees engaged in the war effort – was clearly taken seriously by the Home Office and other departments concerned, with almost 7,000 medals being produced in anticipation of such a popular take up. The next list of awards of the Medal formed part of the 1918 New Year’s Honours List, published in the London Gazette on 1 January 1918. Although the list, which ran to 367 names, 14. Imperial War Museum ‘Women’s Work Collection’ ref: DEC 6/270. 15. Conference of Departments at Home Office, 17 October 1917 (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 18 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 appeared to fulfil some of the stated intentions for the Medal, the process of soliciting nominations from employers and others had proved to be radically more challenging than had been expected. Responses to the circular frequently revealed a deep antipathy to awards or to the suggested processes of selecting individuals for recognition, which would inappropriately elevate some above their fellows or inevitably leave other deserving candidates out. The situation was considered by a specially formed sub-committee, chaired by Delevingne, who then penned the following very illuminating report, dated 21 February 1918: Repor t of t he Br it i sh Empi re Meda l Sub - Com m it tee on t he ba si s to be adopted for t he Di st r ibut ion of t he Meda l Members of Sub-Committee were: Mr Delevingne (Home Office); Sir C StewartWilson and Sir T Munro (Ministry of Munitions); Mr R R Scott (Admiralty); Earl of Kerry (War Office); Sir W Marwood (Board of Trade); Mr H B Butler (Ministry of Labour). Under the statutes of the Order, the medal way be awarded to: ‘persons, not being members of the five classes of the .... Order, whose services to our Empire would warrant such mark of Our Royal Appreciation’. The original intention of the Government was that the British Empire Medal should be instituted in order to associate the working classes with the Order, and was to be the reward of special service, while a general medal should be given to all munition workers who had rendered approved service for not less than a certain length of time. It was subsequently decided by the War Cabinet that the British Empire Medal should be given in the proportion of one for every hundred workers and that the workpeople should be allowed to nominate for awards. The Sub-Committee was appointed to make the arrangements to give effect to these decisions. On the recommendation of the Sub-Committee a preliminary notice was issued with the first list of the Order (25th August, 1917) explaining the scope of the medal in the following terms: The Medal of the Order of the British Empire will be awarded for services of special merit rendered to the Empire by men and women in manual and other work done for the war. Such services will include acts of great courage, self-sacrifice or high example; of initiative or perseverance; of skill, resource or invention. It is hoped that in some industries arrangements may be made under which weight can be given to recommendations made by the workers themselves of men and women most deserving to receive this Honour. Lists will be issued from time to time. On this occasion it was only possible to issue a short list of awards for acts of courage and special service which had already been brought to the notice of Departments. It will be seen that the notice only alluded in general terms to the principle of selection by the workers themselves; it was felt that in some cases, e.g. War Office service, and the merchant service, the method would be inapplicable, and considerable difficulties also were anticipated in settling the arrangements. In October the question was further considered in connection with the list for the New Year. A circular was sent out to employers requesting them to submit names of any workers who had distinguished themselves on any of the grounds specified in the public notice quoted above and instructing them to give full consideration to any recommendations that might be put forward by workers. The result was significant. In many shops great hostility to awards of the medal by selection was shown. The following are some of the opinions expressed: • ‘That this meeting of Shop Stewards deprecates the selection of individual men for distinction where all have done their best, and expresses the opinion that 19 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE an autograph letter addressed to the employees of Ruston Proctor & Co, Ltd, and signed by the Prime Minister or some other high authority would be highly appreciated and would adequately meet the case.’ • ‘We have applied to the men themselves to select representatives, which by practically unanimous voting they have declined to do so. The majority opinion is represented by a large number of voting papers returned to us marked “To hell with medals, get on with the war.” Under these circumstances and as an expression, which we send to you with all respect, is altogether admirable, we have no alternative but to return your list unfilled.’ • ‘That this meeting of Shop Stewards and Representatives entirely dissociate themselves from the proposed distribution to workpeople of Medals of the British Empire Order.’ • ‘Our workmen have passed a resolution to the effect that they do not desire to participate in the awards, the reason given being that the men feel that such a distinction would be invidious.’ • ‘We are of the opinion that as all have done their best as the opportunity has been given them and ability allowed, we collectively are not able to nominate any particular person or persons for the honour in question, and to make a distinction as to the degree of merit as to the services rendered would only result in bad feeling and jealousy, which does not now exist.’ (Extract from a letter received from the Secretary of the Factory Works Committee.) Employers in many cases took the same view, and refused to make any recommendations on the ground that it was impossible to select certain workers without doing injustice to many others and causing great heart-burnings. Only a very small proportion replied at all. On further consideration of the matter, and after consultation with the Ministry of Labour who were strongly of opinion that in the circumstances it would be advisable to defer a general list of awards, it was decided to confine the January list to acts of courage and self-sacrifice, and after its issue to consider further the question of the basis to be adopted for the distribution of the medal. In view of the attitude taken both by employers and by workers, it would in any case have been impossible to prepare a general list in time for the New Year. A list of nearly 400 persons (of whom over 100 were women) who had performed acts of great courage or self-sacrifice in many different kinds of war service was accordingly prepared and approved. The list, which was issued with a brief description in each case of the act for which the medal was given and appeared a day or two later than the list of awards of the Order, attracted a good deal of attention and was very favourably commented on in the press. No criticism of the fact that it was limited to special acts of this kind has reached the Home Office and the limitation has certainly tended to enhance the value of the medal in public estimation. It seems necessary now, if possible, to arrive at some definite conclusions on the question of future distributions of the medal. A certain number of the employers who were asked to submit recommendations on the wider basis and sent in lists are anxious to know what is going to be done. Further, if the idea of a general distribution on a one per cent basis is still to be retained, it would be undesirable to postpone putting it into effect until after several lists had been issued on the present restricted basis, as the subsequent extension would be regarded as lowering the status of the decoration. The question cannot, it is suggested, be considered apart from the question of the issue of a general ‘war’ medal to all munition workers. The Committee presided 20 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 over by Sir G Younger, to which this question was referred, has just presented a report to the Minister of Munitions submitting the following resolution: The committee are of the opinion that, while if possible, it would be desirable to fulfil Lord Kitchener’s pledge16 to grant medals to munition workers who have rendered thorough, loyal and continuous service in the work of supplying munitions of war, in view of the difficulties of administration caused by the existing shortage of labour, it would not be justifiable for the sake of redeeming this pledge, to recommend a scheme which would necessitate either the provision of special machinery by the employers or labour or by the State, or the addition, by any substantial degree, to the work of the staffs already in existence. After careful consideration of the evidence laid before them, they feel that no award of medals to munition workers based upon standards of ‘thorough, loyal and continuous’ work can therefore be recommended. They would, however, draw attention to the award of Medals of the Order of the British Empire to munition workers, a list of which appeared in The Times of January 8th 1918. These awards are limited to acts of bravery and gallantry, which can justly be assessed without serious trouble. The Committee consider that Lord Kitchener’s pledge would, under these circumstances, be adequately fulfilled by His Majesty continuing to make awards to munition workers on grounds limited in this way, and thus to avoid throwing the burden of additional work upon the State or the employers of labour. We agree with the conclusion of the Committee that a distribution of medals according to a standard based on the character of the service rendered is in the circumstances impossible. At the same time we do not think that a distribution of the British Empire Medal for acts of courage and self-sacrifice will satisfy Lord Kitchener’s pledge. The pledge applies to all munition workers who have rendered thorough, loyal and continuous service, without any limitation, and was given in the King’s name. Even a one per cent distribution of the British Empire Medal could not be regarded as fulfilling it. It seems certain that the Government will be expected to honour that pledge. Moreover, in the early days of the war, certificates were issued by the War Office to workers in certain of the munition firms which contained a definite promise of the medal. We suggest a solution of the difficulties both as regards the British Empire Medal and as regards Lord Kitchener’s pledge on the following lines: 1. Limit the British Empire Medal (silver) to acts of courage or self-sacrifice, or specially distinguished service. 2. Issue at the end of the war a general medal in bronze (of similar design perhaps to the British Empire Medal) to all persons who have rendered war service for a certain length of time and are not disqualified to receive the honour from His Majesty by reason of any proved misconduct in connection with their work. This scheme would get over the objection taken by the workers to the one per cent distribution of the British Empire Medal for good service - and the acts of courage and self-sacrifice in connection with war service of all kinds are so numerous that there need be no fear that the awards of the medal will seem unduly few as compared with awards of the Order. A general war medal for all persons who have rendered war service is an extension of Lord Kitchener’s pledge. This seems inevitable. The pledge was given in 16. Lord Kitchener’s pledge ran as follows: ‘I am glad to be able to state that His Majesty has approved that where service in this great work of supplying munitions of war has been thoroughly, loyally and continuously rendered, the award of a medal will be granted on the successful termination of the war.’ 21 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE the early days of the war before the immense extension of the munitions industries had begun. Individual inquiry into the records of the workers is now impossible. The only practicable scheme is to give a medal to all persons who have served for a certain length of time (say one or two years) just as a campaign medal will be given to every soldier in the Army. The scheme is not without some difficulties, but they do not seem insuperable. It will be necessary for one thing to define what is to be regarded as war service for the purposes of the general medal. Is it to be limited (as in Lord Kitchener’s pledge) to the production of munitions of war. There are many other forms of work which have been essential to the prosecution of the war, such as the manufacture of clothing, food and other supplies for the Army and Navy, transport by sea and land, the work of the thousands of sub-contractors engaged in making parts for the munition works, the production of food, &c., &c. In many cases the persons engaged in these occupations have been called upon to make great exertions and it is not easy to find a reason for distinguishing between them and the munition workers who may have worked no harder and have probably been much better paid for their work. On the other hand, to include those other forms of service would create great difficulties - the industries have been engaged in civilian work as well as war work - and it would practically be impossible to decide which of the persons engaged in these industries were entitled to medals and which were not. The Sub-Committee think it will probably be found that the only possible course is to limit the medal to the production of munitions of war in the narrower sense, and to take as the basis for the distribution the works on the Ministry of Munitions and Admiralty Lists. The difficulty of determining what is to be regarded as war service would of course have arisen equally in connection with the proposed one per cent distribution of the British Empire Medal. Secondly, there will be numerous cases of workers who have had to give up work before the end of the war by reason of ill-health, &c., and will be no longer on the employers’ books, and of workers who have removed from one factory to another. To trace these would entail an enormous amount of work and would in many cases be impossible. It would probably be necessary to distribute the medal in the first instance to those on the employers’ books at the end of the war who had served for the prescribed length of time; it would not give the employers any serious trouble to prepare and furnish lists of these workers. It would be left to those not included in these lists who were entitled to the Medal to put forward a claim - the claim would have to be made on a prescribed form (to be obtained from the Post Office) and would give certain particulars as to service: it would be referred to the employers for verification. The work of dealing with these applications would no doubt be considerable, but would be in the main clerical. Possibly the National Service Organization could be utilised for the purpose. The general medal might also be given to the relatives of those workers who have lost their lives while engaged in war service, e.g. in a factory explosion, through TNT poisoning or otherwise. The number of medals required would depend on what kinds of service would be treated as war service. On the narrower basis suggested, it may be nearly four millions, but on the basis of including all forms of work essential to the prosecution of the war, the number would probably reach or exceed six millions. The scheme would not entail any labour on employers or the Departments concerned during the war. It may be found convenient to utilise the general medal for recognising other kinds of work (not of an industrial kind) in connection with the war, especially voluntary service such as Red Cross work, which under the original scheme of the British Empire Medal would have been eligible for that medal.17 17. M Delevingne ‘Report of the British Empire Medal sub-committee on the basis to be adopted for the distribution of the medal’, dated 21 February 1918 (TNA ref: CAB 24/48). 22 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 The Home Secretary, George Cave (1856-1928), having canvassed opinion at the War Office, distributed the report to the War Cabinet with the following covering note dated 17 April 1918: I circulate the report of a Sub-Committee appointed to give effect to the decision of the War Cabinet as to the distribution of the British Empire Medal. The Cabinet decided that the Medal should be given in the proportion of one for every hundred workers and that the workpeople should be allowed to nominate for awards, but for the reasons given in the Sub-Committee’s report it was not found possible to proceed with a distribution on these lines, and the list of awards made at the New Year was limited to persons who had performed acts of great courage and self-sacrifice in different kinds of war service. The Sub-Committee, having further considered the matter, now suggest that the difficulties of distributing the Medal on the basis proposed by the Cabinet could be met by: 1 limiting the British Empire Medal (silver) to acts of courage or self-sacrifice or specially distinguished service. 2 issuing at the end of the war a general Medal in bronze to all persons who have rendered war service of a certain length of time and are not otherwise disqualified. I should be glad if the War Cabinet would consider these proposals. Unless the Cabinet so desire, it is not necessary to come to a final decision now on the second of the proposals which as the Sub-Committee point out is not without some difficulties. The question might be left open for further consideration at the close of the War, and in the meantime it will be better not to make any announcement on the subject.18 At the War Cabinet meeting on 24 April 1918, Cave discussed the report, emphasising the negative public response to the one percent selection proposal and the contrasting popular reception given to the list of awards issued in recognition ‘of great courage and self-sacrifice in different kinds of war service’.19 Considering the matter, the Cabinet approved the recommendation to limit the medal’s issue in accordance with the sub-committee’s first proposal (and left aside any decision of a general war service medal in bronze, as well as other questions such as the possibility of allowing posthumous awards). The decision to restrict the medal in this way frustrated the purposes of several departments. In an effort to operationalise the Cabinet’s decision and address the unanswered questions, Ponsonby suggested a meeting of the key departmental representatives involved. He had already raised the matter of posthumous awards with the King, who initially supported the idea but on further consideration suggested that sanctioning these would result in serious difficulties, particularly for the War Office (who might for example be left open to petitions from families of deceased soldiers for the award of a battlefield decoration, which – apart from the Victoria Cross – were not then granted posthumously). The King also raised the matter of whether the Medal was going to be ‘sufficiently distinct’ from the Albert Medal.20 Mindful of the King’s concerns, the Military Secretary at the War Office, Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Davies (1864-1948), advised Delevingne at the Home Office that the Army Council still favoured the option of allowing posthumous awards, doing so in the light of the significant difficulties they had in not being able to grant other decorations posthumously.21 Ponsonby, together with Davies, Russell, Delevingne and others thus met at the Home Office on 20 June 1918, with Sir Edward Troup presiding. Three principal issues were addressed and resolved thus: 1. 18. 19. 20. 21. Defining ‘specially distinguished service’: this phrase had been intended to indicate a modest ‘elasticity’ in the criteria and departments were to be advised that: ‘the words were only intended to cover services of substantially the same character as acts of courage or self-sacrifice’. George Cave memorandum dated 17 April 1918 (TNA ref: CAB 24/48). War Cabinet minutes of meeting 398, held on 24 April 1918 (TNA ref: CAB 23/6). Sir F Ponsonby, letter dated 8 May 1918 (TNA ref: WO 32/5432). M Delevingne to Sir F Davies, letter dated 18 May 1918 and Sir F Davies to M Delevingne, letter dated 24 May 1918 (TNA ref: WO 32/5432). 23 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 2. Limiting awards to Allies and other candidates across the Empire using these same criteria: views here were diverse, with the India Office wanting an award they could use to recognise the efforts of natives in army recruiting, New Zealand wanting a generic ‘good service’ award, and Canada being opposed to any medals whatsoever being awarded during the war. Given this variegated position, the conference decided that: ‘a different standard could not be adopted for awards to the Allies or in India or the Colonies, though suggestions were made towards addressing the diverse needs raised. 3. The question of posthumous awards: this was not seen as a strong case, with the only military decoration thus granted being the VC, and with the Ministry of Munitions (who had several potential candidates for the medal who had lost their lives in munition explosions and other accidents) not pressing the matter, the conference recommended that posthumous awards should not be made.22 These decisions would form the basis for the distribution of the Medal over the ensuing months, though some of the issues (particularly around awards to Allies and posthumous cases) would prove to be rather less resolved than they appeared. The War Office promulgated the War Cabinet and 20 June conference decisions to the various General Officers commanding troops and to the Administrative Headquarters of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa through a letter from the Assistant Under-Secretary of State for War, Bertram Cubbitt (1862-1942), on 24 September 1918. Cubbitt thus wrote: Sir, I am commanded by the Army Council to refer you to Para: 4 of Army Council letter 0137/1/115 (M.S.3.b) of 16 August 1918, and to Army Council letter numbered as above of 25 November 1917 and to say that the procedure with regard to recommendations for the Medal of the British Empire Order will now be as follows: 2 It has been decided that: A Qualifications for award. Awards of the Medal shall be limited to acts of courage or self-sacrifice or specially distinguished service. It is intended that the standard for awards on the ground of specially distinguished service – as in the case of the awards for courage or self sacrifice – should be a high one. Faithful or zealous performance of ordinary duty will not be sufficient by itself. There must be either: I special service of a high degree of merit, e.g. a useful invention or discharge of special duties of a kind superior to the person’s ordinary work; or II highly meritorious performance of ordinary duties where these entailed work of a specially dangerous or trying character. B A high standard of award should also be observed in the case of foreign civilians. C Awards will be published half-yearly in connection with the Honours Gazettes and the next list will be issued at the New Year. A Supplementary pick up Gazette will be published if circumstances so demand. Recommendations for award for gallantry not in action should be submitted as soon as possible for special publication. D No posthumous awards are permissible. E The Medal is not confined to any particular class, but the Council do not desire that any of the persons enumerated in the schedule of eligibility attached to War Office letter 0137/4772 dated 10 November 1917 (copy enclosed) or in Para: 2 of Army Council letter 0137/1/115 of 16 August 1918 and who are eligible for a class of the Order of the British Empire, should be recommended for the Medal of the Order. 22. ‘Medal of the British Empire’ conference report of 20 June 1918 (TNA ref: WO 32/5432). 24 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 3 It is considered that enrolled personnel of the QMAAC or Women’s Legion who are recommended for the exceptionally meritorious performance of their ordinary duties, may reasonably be considered as having performed services which conform to those set down in Para: ii of 2 (a) above. 4 Recommendations for serving soldiers should not be submitted in respect of services which form part of their normal military duties, even though such services may, in strict interpretation of para: 2 above, appear to fall within the qualifications specified, seeing that the Meritorious Service Medal is available for such services. 5 Recommendations submitted to the War Office by the Administrative Headquarters of Dominions and Colonial formations in the United Kingdom, should be confined to military personnel, of Forces of the Dominion or Colony serving in the United Kingdom. 6 (A) Recommendations for British civilians must be submitted in alphabetical order, in accordance with the instruction on the form attached (see ‘A’) and it is particularly requested that the greatest care may be taken to ensure that all details therein recorded are correct in every respect. It is also most important that the County in Great Britain in which the person’s home is situated should be stated, if such can be ascertained. Foreign civilians will be treated as above, but must be kept on separate lists and the nationality stated. B Recommendations for military personnel, for any subordinate personnel of the Nursing Services who are not considered eligible for a class of the Order, and enrolled personnel of the QMAAC or Women’s Legion should be submitted on Army Form W.3121. 7 With reference to Para: 2 (c) above, it is requested that lists of recommendations for the next January list may reach the War office not later than 25 November next, or earlier if possible. Names submitted by distant Theatres of War will be dealt with as received.23 Similar guidance was issued by Sir Edward Troup at the Home Office on 3 October 1918, on which Russell at the Foreign Office commented: ‘We have no suitable cases outstanding at present. No actions seems to be called for on this paper, beyond making a note of it for future reference – to facilitate which it might be indexed forthwith’.24 This lull in the referral process to the Foreign Office was soon replaced by a steady stream of recommendations. Other departments had a stock of active recommendations at various stages of consideration. The restriction of the Medal to rewarding acts of courage or self-sacrifice did exclude numerous recommendations. Among these, for example, were 54 railway employees recommended by the War Office. Although four of these recommendations related to acts of courage by railway staff who had been under fire during the 1916 Rising in Ireland, none of the cases was accepted.25 23. B B Cubbitt letter dated 24 October 1918 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 24. Sir T Russell, October 1918 (TNA ref: FO 372/1191/167226). 25. See TNA ref: MT 6/2491/3 for details of these cases. 25 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE The Military Division Discussions in 1918 led by the end of the year to the creation of a separate Military Division of the Order, within which the role the Medal was to play was initially vague. In August 1918, after several months of discussion and negotiation, the War Office drafted guidelines which suggested that pending definitive agreement on eligibility, recommendations could be submitted in favour of certain subordinate QMAAC and Women’s Legion personnel who had performed acts of ‘gallantry or self-sacrifice or distinguished service’, where the latter was to be understood as involving elements of courage and self-sacrifice. Soldiers and civilian personnel were noted as being also eligible, although – as the Meritorious Service Medal was already available to the former to reward such actions – the Medal of the Order was to be only recommended for soldiers in ‘exceptional circumstances’.26 At the same time, the War Office sought to have the Medal available as a reward to civilian foreign nationals using less stringent criteria than the Home Office were insisting on (as will be discussed below). This mirrored similar concessions the War Office made with respect to other awards, such as the DSO and MC, to foreign military personnel. In outlining these issues, Colonel Malcolm Graham (1855-1941), the Deputy Military Secretary to the Secretary of State at the War Office, also noted that: ‘Mr Delevingne [at the Home Office] also controls the Albert Medal and the desire to maintain a very high standard for the BEO Medal for British personnel can be understood, as it is a useful safety valve for the Albert Medal’.27 The Medal was thus regarded as either akin to a third class Albert Medal or as an option in those cases where the Albert Medal was not appropriate (for example in cases of gallantry that did not involve life saving). The eventual announcement of the creation of the Military Division of the Order was published in the London Gazette thus: Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood 27 December 1918 The King has been graciously pleased to institute a Military Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire to date from the creation of the Order, i.e., the 4 June 1917. The following classes of persons will be eligible for appointment to the Military Division of the Order: — All commissioned, warrant and subordinate Officers subject to the Naval Discipline Act or employed under the Order of the Admiralty, and all commissioned and warrant Officers recommended by any Commander-in-Chief in the field or elsewhere, or by the General Officer Commanding, Independent Force, Royal Air Force, or employed under the War Office or Air Ministry, or under the Administrative Headquarters of Dominions or Overseas Forces, or employed under the Ministry of Munitions or the Ministry of National Service on work which, but for the creation of those Departments, would have been performed by the War Office; and all members of the Naval, Army, Dominions, or Overseas Nursing Services, or officials of the Women’s Royal Naval Service, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps, or the Women’s Royal Air Force, and such commandants of the Women’s Legion or similar organisations as are under contract with or employed by the Admiralty, War Office or Air Ministry. Persons already appointed to the Order who are qualified for the Military Division will, on the recommendation of the First Lord of the Admiralty, the Secretary of State for War or the Secretary of State for the Royal Air Force, as the case may be, be transferred to the Military Division. 26. Draft War Office letter, dated August 1918 (TNA ref: WO 32/5433). 27. Colonel M D Graham, memorandum dated 26 December 1918 (TNA ref: WO 32/5432). 26 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 The Insignia for both Military and Civil Divisions will be the same, but the ribbon of the Military Division will be distinguished by a vertical red stripe in the centre of the existing ribbon.28 Details of the new Military Division were published in Army Order III, dated 3 January 1919, which was quickly supplemented on 22 January 1919 by a ‘scale of eligibility’, which sought to clarify which ranks were entitled to which grades of the Order. As part of this scale, the institution of the Medal within the Military Division was noted as ‘still under consideration’, through ‘provisional recommendations’ were to be ‘permissible’ with respect to QMAAC Members and Head Drivers and Members of the Women’s Legion.29 This provision of an award for these latter groups was in fact the principal reason for the establishment of the Medal within the Military Division. 30 These women would form the majority of eventual recipients of the Medal that were made through the War Office to British service personnel, published primarily in the London Gazette of 23 January 1920. Little other use was made of the Medal by the army within the domestic sphere (although they would soon employ it for services in Ireland, and more extensively to reward foreign nationals who had assisted the British army, particularly as intelligence agents, as will be discussed below). Awards to Women Of the 2,015 awards made to British and Imperial recipients, about 612 (or 30%) of these went to women. Among the awards to foreign nationals women were similarly recognised. Such awards were in keeping with the intentions of the Order, designed as it was to reward a far wider proportion of society for their contributions to the war effort and as a recognition of the gradual shift towards equal rights for women. The specific contribution of women to the war effort had been substantial and has been widely documented. 31 Of particular value to the present study was the Imperial War Museum’s Women’s Work subcommittee gathering of primary source material on the role of women during the First World War, a task the subcommittee largely conducted between 1917 and 1920. Among their achievements, they organised a collection of 263 photographs of 260 of the women who were awarded the Medal of the Order during this period. These photographs are available for study as a whole at the Museum’s Explore History Centre, which is digitising the series as part of plans to mark the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War, a previous commercial digitisation of the series being accessible on a subscription basis through Gale Cengage Learning’s online database ‘Women, War & Society, 1914-1918’. 32 Full references to all the images within this series are given under the entries of the relevant recipients. Within this Imperial War Museum series of photographs, two are named to women who are not included in the relevant gazettes under the names then used and are not otherwise identified. These probably represent women whose marital status (and thus typically their surnames) changed since the actual gazetting of the awards. 33 These women are listed here: 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 1. M Butler, depicted in a nurse’s uniform, wearing three medal ribbons, the reverse noting her permanent address as 12 Davies Avenue, Roundhay, Leeds and that her medal was awarded on 9 January 1918. 34 2. Gladys Evelyn Chapman, depicted in civilian clothes, wearing her medal, the reverse giving the date 11 April 1919. 35 London Gazette, 27 December 1918, p. 15135. See TNA ref: WO 32/5397 for further details. M D Graham to Sir D Dawson, dated 26 July 1920 (TNA ref: HO 45/18984/39). Recent scholarship on this topic includes: S R Grayzel Women and the First World War, Harlow: Longman, 2002; N Fountain Women at War, London: Michael O’Mara, 2002; J Marlow The Virago Book of Women and the Great War, London: Virago, 1998; and B Scates & R Frances Women and the Great War, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://www.tlemea.com/introduction.asp A further photograph within this series, Florence Hordern (IWM ref: DEC 6/125), though indexed as receiving the Medal of the Order of the British Empire in fact received the MBE. Imperial War Museum ref: DEC 6/35. Imperial War Museum ref: DEC 6/47. 27 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Fire Brigades: Fires, Bombings and Explosions Aside from rewards made for acts of gallantry at explosions and other munitions disasters (such as those at Faversham on 2 April 1916, Roslin Factory on 20 June 1916, Low Moor Munitions Company, Bradford, on 21 August 1916, Silvertown on 19 January 1917, and the National Shell Filling Factory at White Lund, Morecambe, on 1 October 1917), recognition for acts more generally by Fire Brigade staff during the war had been under consideration for some time. On 13 September 1919 Malcolm Delevingne at the Home Office wrote to Local Authorities inviting them to submit recommendations for the BEM. In doing so, Delevingne drew attention to two criteria for the Medal: 1. 2. Recommendations should be confined to cases in which the special services rendered had some direct connection with the war – for example, if the fire in question was caused by enemy action or was rendered particularly dangerous by risk of explosion; The person recommended must have performed some act of courage or self sacrifice or have rendered specially distinguished service. In either case there must have been some high degree of individual merit. ‘Specially distinguished service’ would include highly meritorious performance of ordinary duties where these have entailed work which was rendered specially dangerous or trying. For example it would include work distinguished by special energy and skill (a) at a fire involving explosion risk or (b) in the rescue of air raid victims from wrecked and dangerous buildings, or (c) in dealing with an air raid fire under actual bombardment. 36 Numerous recommendations resulted from these circulars, many of which translated into awards, the majority of which were published in the London Gazette on 7 July 1920. Included among these recommendations were several which sought the grant of a collective award to certain brigades or groups of firemen, who had all shown equal degrees of bravery and where their actions were framed as being a joint effort. There was considerable interest in this idea in the Home Office when this matter was raised for discussion in April 1920, though the proposal was ultimately not pursued. 37 Several cases included the names of firemen who had been killed in the performance of their duties, typically at explosions at munitions factories. Thus for example the Bradford brigade submitted the names of Firemen Joseph Edmund Binns, Edgar Shaw, Eli Buckley, Fred Norminton, Knighton Pridmore and Station Officer Charles Sugden who were killed at the Low Moor Munitions Company explosion on 21 August 1916. Another nine firemen who were killed in the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory fire and explosions on 1 October 1917 were also put forward for the BEM, only to have their recommendations held in abeyance pending a decision about posthumous awards. 38 Posthumous medallic recognition was withheld from these men and a small number of others who were killed in similar circumstances, using the pretext that the BEM was not authorised to be so awarded. Such decisions were made despite the fact that BEMs were being quietly granted to Belgian and French secret service agents who had been captured and executed by the Germans: a regrettable double standard. Awards for Services in Ireland On 14 April 1920 the outgoing Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Charles Shaw (1861-1942), as one of his last official acts brought the services of six intelligence officers to the notice of the War Office for formal recognition. The initial result from the Military Secretary was to suggest each officer could receive a favourable note in his Record of Service, but 36. Malcolm Delevingne to Chief Officers of Fire Brigades, 13 September 1919 (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 37. For details of this discussion see TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171. 38. For details of the Morecambe events, witness statements and the various recommendations and awards see TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619. 28 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 the award of a medal was prohibited ‘under the rule that decorations cannot be conferred for riots such as Epsom, Egypt, India, etc’. 39 Several months later the new C-in-C in Ireland, General Sir Nevil Macready (1862-1946), again raised the question of decorations for officers and men in Ireland. The Imperial General Staff proposed on 10 August 1920 that the Order of the British Empire and notifications in soldiers’ records be utilised as means of recognising gallantry in Ireland. The King’s permission was sought to use the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire to recognise ‘gallant services’ by armed forces personnel in Ireland and the Civil Division of the Order as a reward for similar services by the Royal Irish Constabulary. The King approved the proposals on 13 August 1920: ‘on the understanding that the awards are only granted in very special cases of gallantry’.40 On being informed of the decision, Macready responded strongly on 30 August 1920 that the Order of the British Empire was not held in high esteem in the army and to use it as the exclusive award for services in Ireland would be to depreciate those services; he proposed instead that he should be authorised to submit quarterly lists of recommendations ‘in exactly the same way as if Ireland was a theatre of war’.41 Despite opposition from the Military Secretary, Philip Chetwode (1869-1950), and other War Office staff, Winston Churchill, as Secretary of State for War, sided with Macready. He thus wrote: I cannot see any difference in principle between military rewards for good services rendered in Ireland and for good services rendered in Mesopotamia or in India during the Indian Mutiny. It is certainly not intended to make a large or lavish distribution of rewards, but where small parties of men are cut off and have to fight till all but the last man is shot down, and where clever enterprises against armed rebels are planned and carried through by officers and men in Ireland, it seems to me only right that these services be rewarded in proportion to their merit and their danger. I therefore wish to give effect to the recommendations of the Commander-in-Chief in Ireland. Let me have a proposal showing exactly what would be done on these lines. I agree that the inclusion of these honours in the Gazette should not be accompanied by a statement of the theatre in which they were earned. Take the Essex Regiment, for instance. They have had three officers killed and six men out of seven wounded in one small encounter. Why, because they are shot down by Irish rebels and not by Mesopotamian rebels, should they be excluded from all consideration?42 Churchill thus took up the matter again with the King’s Private Secretary, Lord Stamfordham, on 8 November 1920, seeking the King’s approval to make military decorations, apart from the Victoria Cross, available to recognise services in Ireland. Lord Stamfordham replied that as this course: ‘would be an admission that the Army in Ireland is engaged in War, and not, as His Majesty supposes, in the restoration of peace and maintenance of law and order’, Churchill should bring the matter before the Cabinet.43 While considering the latter step unnecessary, Churchill did discuss the matter with the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, on 18 November, the outcome of which was that: ‘the matter is to rest for the present’.44 The issue was thus kicked into the long grass. On 27 November 1920 Macready was informed that Churchill was not now supporting the award of military gallantry decorations to recognise actions in Ireland, but the Order of the British Empire and its Medal could be used: ‘in recognition of very special cases of gallantry’.45 Cases not meeting 39. Military Secretary memorandum to the Secretary of State at the War Office, 19 April 1920 (TNA ref: WO 141/42). 40. Lord Stamfordham to Col M D Graham, dated 13 August 1920 (TNA ref: WO 141/42). 41. General Sir N Macready to Colonel M D Graham, dated 30 August 1920 (TNA ref: WO 141/42). 42. W S Churchill memorandum to the Military Secretary, Philip Chetwode, dated 27 October 1920 (TNA ref: WO 141/42). 43. Lord Stamfordham to W S Churchill, 11 November 1920 (TNA ref: WO 141/42). 44. Manuscript note number 47 on file (TNA ref: WO 141/42). 45. Alex Godley to General Sir C F N Macready, dated 27 November 1920 (TNA ref: WO 141/42). During these negotiations it was mooted that the Meritorious Service Medal might also be utilised to recognise gallant conduct in Ireland; however this proposal was subsequently rescinded: see the War Office secret cipher to GHQ Dublin, dated 17 January 1921 (TNA ref: WO 141/42). 29 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE this standard might be recognised by an entry in the individual’s Record of Service. It was noted at the same time that the Home Office had been informed that the Civil Division of the Order would be available to members of the ‘Irish Constabulary’. This latter decision, allowing the award of the BEM (Civil Division) to the Royal Irish Constabulary and Dublin Metropolitan Police, was brought to the attention of Sir Hamar Greenwood (1870-1948) in January 1922, at which time it was noted that only one award – that to Alice Gray – had so far been made under these provisions. By March 1922 various recommendations were forthcoming, about which the Police Advisor at Dublin Castle Lieutenant-General Henry Tudor (1871-1965) was asked on 31 March, whether they all satisfied the ‘special gallantry’ criterion. Neither Tudor’s answer nor any of the recommendations appears to have survived in the Home Office archives, though 15 awards were subsequently published in the 1923 New Year’s Honours List to individuals serving with the RIC.46 None of the awards for services in Ireland were published with a citation, while service details were minimised. Thus, for example, in the case of the BEM to Fred Barton, the War Office commented that: ‘it is not considered desirable however in the circumstances to make reference to the services or battalion number in the announcement…in the London Gazette’.47 In the case of the awards to those in the RIC even rank and unit details were omitted, a clear indication of the dangers of intimidation and assassination such men faced. Awards to Foreign Nationals In a memorandum dated 29 May 1918, Ponsonby pointed out to the Foreign Office that the Home Office was unable to use the BEM as a generic reward for manual workers in Britain due to ‘unforeseen opposition’ and had to use it instead as ‘a gallantry medal of a civilian character’. Continuing, Ponsonby asked whether it would it be possible to distribute it abroad ‘on totally different principles’.48 While awarding the BEM in Britain and abroad according to unified criteria was desirable, Theophilus Russell (1870-1951), the Diplomatic Secretary, argued on 31 May 1918 that, if it was unavailable as a reward to manual workers in Allied countries for their ‘devoted labours’ then there was no alternative medal available and not to use it thus: ‘would be to lose a rather valuable opportunity of propaganda’.49 Russell thus went on to propose a devious solution: Having regard to the fact that awards of the medal to foreigners if sanctioned would not be published in this country, the undesirability of giving it to aliens on different principles from those observed in the case of British Subjects would I suggest be overshadowed by the advantages that would be gained from a propaganda point of view. The medal is by no means unattractive in appearance and a deserving Italian recipient would probably attach considerable value to it and would give ocular demonstration to all his neighbours and associates of the solidarity between the two countries by wearing it on all possible occasions, and no British recipient of the medal will think any the less of the distinction on account of circumstances outside his knowledge. At the same time we should be careful not to give the medal to foreigners who had not done really useful work and I think it should not be a difficult matter to preserve a fairly high standard. 50 The BEM thus might positively influence public opinion abroad towards Britain, while its domestic recipients’ esteem would be sustained by their being kept in ignorance about the broader criteria employed vis-à-vis foreign nationals. Russell’s stereotyping of foreigners (Italians) was consistent with his patrician view that what the British populace didn’t know wouldn’t hurt them. Of course, given the period, Russell was not unusual in this type of patriarchal stance. 46. For details of the preceding negotiations see TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323, while the 15 awards – none of which are identified as members of the RIC – were published in the Supplement to the London Gazette, 1 January 1923, p.10. 47. See TNA ref: WO 141/54. 48. Sir F Ponsonby, memorandum dated 29 May 1918 (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/96512). 49. T Russell, Foreign Office notes dated 31 May 1918 (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/96512). 50. Ibid. 30 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 The vast majority of awards of the medal to foreign nationals went to members of a host of secret service organisations operating primarily on the Western Front during the First World War.51 In an appendix to a secret report by Major-General Sir William Thwaites (1868-1947) on the investitures held by him in Ghent, Lille, Brussels and Liège (on 27, 28, 30 and 31 January 1920 respectively), he briefly outlined the extent of some of the services performed by these Agents, thus: …The Allied officers and personnel employed in directing Intelligence Services in invaded Belgium and France were fortunate in having an intensely patriotic, brave and intelligent population ready at all times to help them. The longer the war continued the greater were the number of Belgian and French citizens (male and female) who engaged themselves on this most dangerous work. Moreover at no time were there more volunteers to do the work than during the periods immediately following the discovery by the Germans of an Organisation and the subsequent arrests, condemnations to death, and executions. In honouring its Intelligence Agents by purely military rewards the British Government desires to treat these people, men and women, as soldiers who have done their duty. In addition to those who worked in invaded territory, a number of people of Belgian and French nationality have assisted the British Intelligence Service (on our side of the line) in France, England and elsewhere. These people were engaged in linking up those who worked in invaded territory with our General Staff at the Front, and without their able, energetic, and devoted services, the work of those in invaded territory would have been in vain. These Belgians and Frenchmen have now also been decorated for their valuable services. During the war about 6,000 persons of Belgian and French nationality were in touch with the British Intelligence Services in invaded France and Belgium, and of these about 5,000 worked seriously as Agents of one or other of our 150 Secret Service Organisations. Of these Agents over 1,200 suffered various terms of imprisonment, whilst about 200 were either executed by the Germans or died in prison, or as a result of their sufferings in prison. 811 Agents have been decorated with Orders of the British Empire [of various grades], over 4,200 Agents who worked in invaded territory have been awarded the British War Medal, and of these 2,732 have been ‘mentioned’ in Sir Douglas Haig’s Despatches for ‘gallant services in the field’... 52 The first substantial list of Allied foreign civilians, in excess of 100, to be recommended by the War Office for awards was received by the Foreign Office on 24 October 1918. Officials there were in some doubt as to what to do with the list and on 12 November Russell proposed to Ponsonby 51. For background details of these organisations, on which there is a considerable though somewhat scattered literature, see for example M Occleshaw Armour Against Fate: British Military Intelligence in the First World War and the Secret Rescue from Russia of the Grand Duchess Tatania, London: Colombus, 1989; H Landau All’s Fair: The Story of the British Secret Service Behind the German Lines, New York: G P Putnam’s Sons, 1934; H Landau Secrets of the White Lady, New York: G P Putnam’s Sons, 1935; H Landau Spreading the Spy Net: the Story of a British Spy Director, London: Jarrolds, 1938; H Bernard Un Géant de la Résistance – Walthère Dewé, Bruxelles: La renaissance du Livre, 1971; J Morgan The Secrets of Rue St Roch: Intelligence Operations Behind Enemy Lines in the First World War, London: Allen Lane, 2004; J Morton Spies of the First World War: Under Cover for King and Kaiser, Kew, Richmond: The National Archives, 2010; and particularly the very useful J Van der Fraenen Voor Den Kop Geschoten, Executies van Belgische Spionnen Door de Duitse Bezetter (1914-1918), Roeselare: Roularta Books, 2009. 52. Major-General Sir W Thwaites ‘Report on the investiture of French citizens and Belgian subjects with the Order of the British Empire, for services rendered during the war’, dated 7 February 1920 (TNA ref: FO 372/1498/T1320); see also Lieut-Colonel R J Drake ‘History of Intelligence (B), British Expeditionary Force in France from January 1917 to April 1919’, dated 5 May 1919, who also quotes the figure of 6,000 agents as having been employed by GHQ Services during the war, though claims that when he was writing it was thought that 98 were executed and 600 imprisoned (see: http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_ Intelligence_(B),_British_Expeditionary_Force_in_France). 31 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE that a single authority – preferably the Home Office – should deal with awards of the BEM, thus ensuring a balanced standard across domestic and foreign candidates. 53 Ponsonby forwarded Russell’s proposals to the Home Office, while at the same time suggesting it would simpler for the Foreign Office to process the recommendations for BEMs as they did with orders. Unsurprisingly, Sir Geoffrey Whiskard (1886-1957) at the Home Office agreed that the Foreign Office should be responsible for the grant of the BEM (as they were for the substantive Order), while proposing that the War Office should be responsible for maintaining standards. Frustrated, Russell noted: ‘I suppose we must resign ourselves to dealing with all these cases, though in practice it merely means supplying the WO with clerical assistance from an already overworked staff’.54 It was clearly no easy task collating the recommendations, sifting sometimes multiple recommendations for the same individual or different individuals with the same or similar names, agreeing the appropriate grade of award where this was unclear or being disputed, liaising with the various other government departments involved as well as the relevant foreign governments and embassies, ordering and despatching medals for presentation, and maintaining correspondence files on all of these diverse issues. One result of these challenges was a series of secret service cases where those nominated for the BEM were either (a) being also considered for a higher grade of the Order of the British Empire (OBE or MBE) or (b) were upgraded to that class without the decision being clearly documented. Where such cases were spotted by the Foreign Office the nominees tended to receive the OBE or MBE rather than the BEM. Twelve such cases have been identified in the present research, their details being generally excluded from the roll in section III.55 Other cases needed a different approach. In January 1919 the War Office secured agreement with Sir Edward Troup at the Home Office that there could be a ‘slight relaxation’ of the criteria pertaining to awards of the BEM to foreign nationals. 56 The nature of this ‘relaxation’ was not stated, though it seems to follow on from Theophilus Russell’s earlier proposals of May 1918 for a similar covert twin track approach to domestic and foreign recommendations. Consideration of the surviving files on awards reveals one significant relaxation of the BEM criteria with respect to foreign nationals. This related to the question of posthumous awards, which had been extensively debated – including with the King – during 1918, the outcome of which was to disallow such cases.57 In spite of this prohibition, awards to foreign secret service agents included a significant number to men and women who had been executed by the Germans or who had otherwise died prior to the recommendations being made. The service and sacrifice made by these individuals clearly merited official recognition and the BEMs were granted (in the majority of cases) by simply antedating the 53. Foreign Office file: ‘Allied foreign civilians recommended by Commander-in-Chief in various theatres of war for Medal of OBE’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1192/177554). 54. Foreign Office file: ‘Responsibility for Orders & Medals of OBE given to foreigners…’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1193/200151). 55. The cases identified as apparently receiving the MBE rather than the BEM were: Paul Abraham, his BEM award being cancelled when it was realised he already had the MBE – however he still appears on the Central Chancery register and has thus been included in section III (TNA ref: FO 372/1502/T2901); CJules Henri Bar (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1300/166342; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com); Alphonse Paul Marie Joseph Dubus (TNA ref: FO 372/1294/T121 and FO 372/1300/166342); Emile Fauquenot (TNA ref: FO 372/1294/T121; Landau, 1934, p.132; Landau, 1935, pp.30, 101-110, 146, 152-164, 204, a photograph of Fauquenot and his wife Marie appearing in this book; Morton, 2010, pp.152-153); Madame Marie Fauquenot-Birkel (TNA ref: FO 372/1294/T121; Landau, 1935, pp.30, 101-110, 153, 159, 161, 164, which includes a picture of her with her husband; Morton, 2010, p.151); † Léon Faux (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1300/166342; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com); † Victor Edmond Herbaux (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1299/145598; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com); † Edouard Lefebvre (TNA ref: FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1300/166342; http://civils19141918. canalblog.com); † David Martin (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1299/145598 and FO 372/1300/166342); Georges Poppe (TNA ref: FO 372/1300/166342 and WO 106/6192); Jose Courboin received the OBE instead (TNA ref: FO 372/1192/180701); as did Emmanuel Van Tichelen (TNA ref: FO 372/1192/180701). † here indicates a posthumous award. 56. Memorandum note, dated 20 January 1919; Sir Francis Davies to Sir E Troup, dated 8 January 1919; Sir E Troup to Sir F Davies, dated 17 January 1919 (TNA ref: WO 32/5432). 57. See for example the ‘Medal of the British Empire’ conference report of 20 June 1918 and Sir F Ponsonby, letter dated 8 May 1918 (TNA ref: WO 32/5432). 32 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 awards, typically to a few days prior to the date of the individual’s execution. In a small number of cases the antedating did not apparently occur, probably due to the recipient’s death being unknown at the time to the War Office or Foreign Office staff in London. It is unfortunate that similar flexibility was not shown to the handful of British firemen who were recommended for posthumous awards of the BEM following their deaths at munition fires and explosions. The French and to a lesser extent Belgian citizens recommended for awards for secret service and other work during and after the war had their names and other details routinely submitted to their own governments for approval. This was generally forthcoming, although in a small number of cases objections were raised and the recommendations were not finally approved.58 Awards of BEMs to citizens of countries that were neutral for secret service work during the war gave rise to obvious problems, particularly around the subversion of that neutrality. In the case of the Netherlands and Luxemburg, the Foreign Office decided they were unable to be publicly explicit why awards were being made to some of their citizens and as a result adopted a policy of not consulting or otherwise notifying those governments about such awards.59 Some awards to Belgian recipients were also presented without consultation, in this case due to a wish to expedite the presentations and avoid delays that consultation would inevitably involve.60 The services as secret service agents of 3,944 Belgian and 283 French nationals were also recognised by the award of the British War Medal and by 22 December 1920 these medals were ready for distribution via the respective governments.61 The medal rolls are preserved at The National Archives, while the corresponding Medal Index Cards are also available there, digitally online and through www.ancestry.co.uk. A significant number of these men and women were also Mentioned in Dispatches by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig ‘for distinguished and gallant services and devotion to duty’.62 The gazettes described these agents as having given: ‘Volunteer Service attached to the British Army’ and then classified the recipients as having been in ‘Section 1’, ‘Section 2’ or ‘C.O.A’. These latter designations appear to imply membership of either one of two GHQ groups, commanded by Major A C Cameron in Folkestone or Captain G J G Bruce in Paris; another GHQ group under Major B A Wallinger in London; and the Corps d’Observation Anglais, better known as the Dame Blanche (or White Lady) Network. Substantial background material on the Belgian secret service networks is preserved in the Belgian state archives, the material including medal recommendations.63 58. Examples of awards in the latter category are the Military Division medals to: Léon Emile Ferrant, the French authorities refusing permission as he: ‘was accused of being in communication with the enemy’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1300/166342); Joséphine and Marius Marie, the French government considering it ‘undesirable’ that either should receive the medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1504/T3704, FO 372/1502/T2901, FO 372/1506/T4497 and FO 372/1507/ T5017); and the Civil Division medals to: Albert Makereel, the French government refusing consent, the award being consequently cancelled. A civil servant noted succinctly on his file that: ‘Evidently there is something fishy about M. Makereel besides his name’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1300/163201); while the awards intended for Felix Beridon and Jacques Anton were returned and their names removed from the register in December 1920 following the French government raising objections about their suitability; and another recipient, a Monsieur Alphonse Chouraqui (listed here in section III), was objected to but had already been presented with the medal before the French veto was received (TNA refs: FO 372/1525/T13911 and FO 372/1526/T14294). 59. See ‘OBE for Allied & Neutral Secret Service Agents’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105269). 60. Sir Francis Villiers letter to Earl Curzon, dated 28 August 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1297/122792). 61. NN White, at the War Office, letter to the Under Secretary of State at the Foreign Office, dated 22 December 1920 (TNA ref: FO 372/1527/TT14646). 62. For nominal rolls of those mentioned in despatches see the London Gazette (seventh supplement), 29 July 1919 (supp dated 1 August 1919), issue 31485, London Gazette (fourth supplement), 26 August 1919 (supp dated 29 August 1919), issue 31526, and London Gazette (third supplement), 12 September 1919 (supp dated 15 September 1919), issue 31551. 63. The ‘Fonds Services Patriotiques’ are housed in the Algemeen Rijksarchief in Brussels and consist of some 24 meters of files. These consist of wallets (portefeuilles) housing loose papers grouped according to the service to which they pertain. This material was gathered post-war by a committee for the history of these services and ranges from written statements by the agents and by eye-witnesses, news-paper clippings, coded reports of railway observations, short histories of services, maps, and sometimes pictures. A pageby-page examination of the full series is likely to reveal further recommendations and primary source material by or pertaining to the various agents discussed herein. 33 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE On 2 September 1921 the Foreign Office issued a notice that: ‘the distribution of honours among foreigners should be brought to a final conclusion’, thus announcing the approach of the end of awards for war services and the intention to revert to the pre-war situation, when it was very unusual for a foreign national to receive a British decoration.64 Ten US citizens were recommended for the BEM, primarily for war services. The first approved case was to Baynard Wharton, a volunteer with the American Red Cross Society, for saving a RAF pilot from drowning in Italy in May 1918. Eight recommendations followed to personnel serving with the American YMCA (7 cases) and the American Fund for French Wounded (1 case).65 Questions over whether such US citizens would receive authorisation to accept and wear British awards from the US government resulted in it being decided that these and other civil awards would not be authorised. One exception was made to this policy: the recipient was an African American Charles Fleurence Meline Browne, a Chancery Servant with the British Embassy at Washington. His award was finally approved, as an exceptional case, by the King in May 1921, a decision that would attract negative criticism in parts of the press not due to Browne being an American citizen but due to his race. Browne’s case forms part of a cluster of awards to Chancery servants that deserves brief mention here. In March 1921 the Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon (1859-1925), wrote to British Embassies and Legations announcing the availability of the BEM as a reward for ‘specially deserving’ Chancery servants who had been in service for approximately 20 years, or who had rendered particularly good service during the war or in other special circumstances.66 This resulted in several awards being granted, the series ending in June 1921 when the British Embassy in Belgrade proposed a chancery servant there might receive the medal on the occasion of the Duke of York’s visit. The King declined the recommendation and Ponsonby pointed out that future eligibility of all candidates in this category for the medal was uncertain as discussions on the future of the Order of the British Empire were taking place.67 Investitures and Expenses The presentation of awards of the Medal of the Order was generally delegated by the King to Lord Lieutenants of the counties in which the recipients lived, a decision partly prompted by the large number of awards that it was anticipated would be made. Local and national newspapers frequently reported award ceremonies during this period. The following such events are here noted as illustrative of many others that were held: 1. The Commissioner of Police was to make the presentations to the Metropolitan Special Constabulary.68 However, it was noted in the press that the Prince of Wales presented medals to the ‘Specials’ in early 1921.69 2. Lord Crewe presented medals on Saturday afternoon 27 April 1918 at the Green Park Bandstand, London.70 3. The Duke of Wellington presented medals ‘for conspicuous war services’ at the Town Hall, Portsmouth, in May 1918.71 4. The Duke of Bedford presented medals at Middlesex Guildhall on Monday 29 April 1918.72 64. Treaty Department letter to the Chancery, Brussels, 26 October 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1764/T12513). 65. The eight individuals recommended were: Miss Jessie N Chisholm, Miss May A Davis, Miss Jane R Dwight, Mr E W Hodgson, Miss Nan Lansac, Miss Gertrude Lynch, and Miss Annie Vaughan, all of the American YMCA, and Mrs Dawson, of the American Fund for French Wounded (TNA ref: FO 372/1294/74718, FO 372/1505/T3876 and FO 372/1522/T12031). 66. Circular by Lord Curzon, dated 11 March 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1757/T1963). 67. Foreign Office file: ‘Proposed award of OBE to Ivan Schuh’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1948/6455). 68. See TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323. 69. Illustrated London News, Saturday 5 February 1921, p.162. 70. The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3. 71. Daily Mirror, 14 May 1918, p.1. 72. The Times, 30 April 1918, p.3 34 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 A Dublin Investiture Programme A Brussels Investiture Programme Cover 35 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 5. Lord Powerscourt presented 18 medals to Irish recipients in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919.73 6. The Earl of Craven, as Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire, is noted as presenting ten medals to munition workers of the Birmingham district on the steps of County Hall at Northgate Street, Warwick.74 By December 1917 questions about the cost of British recipients attending investitures were being raised and by March 1918 the Treasury accepted the principle that: ‘as (with possibly very rare exceptions) the recipients belong to the working classes, payments would no doubt have to be made in practically all cases’.75 Expenses were to be reimbursed by the Lord Lieutenant’s officials at time of the ceremony and then claimed back from the Treasury. Three months later, in June 1918, it was agreed that the Treasury would refund the cost of travel, for third class rail journeys, ‘where the recipient of the decoration applies for them and where his circumstances are such as to make it reasonable to reimburse him’.76 Occasional exceptions to these guidelines were made, the case of Robert Rae, a Coast Watcher at Machrihanish, Kintyre, being one such example. Rae successfully petitioned the Home Office in June 1918 for a subsistence allowance of 10s per night for two nights plus other costs when he was invited to attend an award ceremony in Glasgow.77 Order of Wear The prescribed position the Medal of the Order should occupy when worn with other medals has varied over time. The first set of Central Chancery regulations relevant to its order of wear, those of July 1918, positioned it directly after the Imperial Service Medal, among ‘medals belonging to Orders’, which cluster of awards were worn after all other British orders, decorations and medals and immediately before foreign Orders, decorations and medals.78 This position continued in the regulations published on 22 April 1921 and 15 November 1929 (although the latter positioned its partial replacement, the Empire Gallantry Medal, among ‘medals for gallantry and distinguished conduct’, which were ahead of war medals, while its other replacement, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire [for Meritorious Service], came immediately after the Medal of the Order). This position was again repeated in the 1936 regulations. The position changed significantly with the Central Chancery regulations dated 22 April 1941. These stipulated the Medal of the Order (and the BEM that partly replaced it) should now be worn immediately after the Burma Gallantry Medal, within the cluster of ‘medals for gallantry and distinguished conduct’ that preceded war medals. This approximate position was maintained in subsequent regulations, with the BEM today following the Queen’s Gallantry Medal and Royal Victorian Medal in that same sub-group. Post-Nominal Initials In contrast to the more middle and upper-class holders of the Order of the British Empire itself, the recipients of the Medal of the Order were not initially authorised to use any post-nominal initials to indicate their status. However, in several cases recipients began to use initials, typically ‘OBE’, on their stationery or advertising material. Two such cases attracted particular attention. The first of these was that of John Charles Brixey who had received the BEM for services in 1918 with the Metropolitan Special Constabulary. After the war a photograph of Brixey with his chimney sweep’s barrow, the sign on which noted his name and the post nominal initials ‘OBE’, appeared in the Daily Mail in April 1921. Two readers wrote to the Home Secretary and Central 73. 74. 75. 76. Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4. Imperial War Museum, undated press cutting from the Warwickshire Advertiser, ref: DEC 5/11. Treasury to R S Meiklejohn, at the Home Office, dated 5 March 1918 (TNA ref: HO 45/13340). The Secretary of the Treasury to the Under Secretary of State at the Home Office, 15 June 1918 (TNA ref: HO 45/13340). 77. The Secretary of the Treasury to the Under Secretary of State at the Home Office, 18 June 1918 (TNA ref: HO 45/13340). 78. The Times, 11 July 1918, p.9. 36 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood about the article and whether Brixey was entitled to use the post-nominal letters. Discussions at the Home Office resulted in a policeman being sent to see to Brixey and give him ‘a gentle hint’ that such usage was not authorised. Brixey agreed to remove the sign, while indicating that he thought such use had been permitted.79 The second case was that of James Harris who received the BEM when working with the Wembley Fire Brigade. Following the war he used the initials ‘OBE’ on his Wembley garage stationery. This prompted a local doctor (who also happened to be an OBE) to complain to the Lord Chamberlain’s Office in 1922. In due course a police inspector was sent to raise the matter with the unfortunate Harris, who agreed to cease their use when his current supply was exhausted.80 Others, such as Henry Dixon, sought the advice of the Home Office, only to be told the medal carried no such entitlement.81 Holders of the Medal of the Order (which was only officially retitled as the ‘British Empire Medal’ on 14 March 1941) had to wait two decades until a further statute was introduced, dated 10 June 1942, which authorised the use of the post-nominal initials ‘BEM’. The End of the Medal (First Type) By May 1922 it had been decided that the Order of the British Empire would be continued on a permanent basis, albeit with a revised establishment. It had been hoped to announce this and new appointments in that year’s Birthday Honours list, however the timescale slipped and the 1923 New Year’s Honours List became the date for the Order’s relaunch. Warren Fisher (1879-1948), who was then Permanent Secretary at the Treasury, advised the War Office on 22 May 1922 that the Medal was also being retained as part of the Order and that it would be: … awarded in future to those who, not being eligible for membership of the Order itself, have carried out acts of gallantry or rendered such meritorious service as to deserve some recognition. Recommendations for the Medal will be considered by a Committee consisting of the following: the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury; the Private Secretary to the King; [and] the Private Secretary to the Prime Minister. When recommendations from the Fighting Services are considered, the Committee will be reinforced by the Permanent Secretaries of the Admiralty, War Office and Air Ministry. Awards of the Medal will be made as occasion arises, but recommendations made within a few months of the Birthday may be collected and included in the Birthday Honours.82 News of this decision to retain the BEM for these purposes was announced in Parliament – and thus to the wider public – following the assassination of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson. He was shot on his doorstep on 22 June 1922 and the two men who killed him were pursued through the streets by unarmed police and civilians, before being eventually overpowered and arrested. The jury at the subsequent inquest praised the bravery of both police and civilians and the coroner said he would forward their remarks to the Carnegie Hero Fund Trust.83 In this context, in the House of Commons Sir William Davison, MP, asked the Prime Minister on 3 July 1922 whether there was some sort of medal or decoration that might be granted to members of the public in recognition of conspicuous gallantry exhibited in aiding the police in the arrest dangerous criminals, in lifesaving, or in the prevention of crime. Following advice from the Home Office, Lloyd George replied that the Medal of the Order of the British Empire had been given in such circumstances and ‘under arrangements approved by His Majesty, it will be permanently available for this purpose’.84 The question then arose as to how the BEM when awarded for gallantry might be distinguished from that awarded for meritorious service. Eric Leadbitter (1891-1971), at the Treasury, contacted the Deputy Master and Comptroller of the Royal Mint, Colonel Robert Johnson (1874-1938), for 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. For details see TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323. For details see TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323. See for example Home Office letter to H Dixon, dated 18 June 1921 (TNA ref: HO 180/6). N F W Fisher to the War Office, dated 22 May 1922 (TNA ref: ADM 1/8998). The Times, 27 June 1922. Hansard, 3 July 1922; for further details see TNA ref: HO 45/11086/434634. 37 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE advice on 5 July 1922 and pointed out that as they had over 4,000 BEMs still in stock these might be adapted to meet the revised aims. Johnson was unimpressed, noting in the margin of Leadbitter’s letter that ‘they might be melted down’ and in his reply that: ‘Between you and me, I do not think much of [the Medal]’.85 Lord Stamfordham half-heartedly suggested to Warren Fisher that the addition of a rosette to the ribbon of the existing medal might suffice to distinguish the gallantry award from its meritorious service counterpart, while at the same time asking whether a new medal design might not be preferable.86 The latter course quickly won the day and following proposals put forward by Johnson on 29 July for redesigned medals, one for gallantry and another for meritorious service, Warren Fisher informed him on 24 October 1922 that the King had approved these.87 The remaining stock of over 4,000 unissued Medals of the Order were sent to the Royal Mint to be recycled into the new pattern medals. On 29 December 1922 further amended statutes of the Order of the British Empire were published which, among other changes, replaced the original Medal of the Order with two new awards, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, for Gallantry (more commonly known as the Empire Gallantry Medal), and the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, for Meritorious Service (generally termed the British Empire Medal).88 When shown the new pattern medals alongside the first type Medal of the Order, the King remarked that he was: ‘thankful that no more will be issued of this pattern!’.89 Numbers Awarded A: British & Empire recipients published in the London Gazette The present research indicates that 2,015 medals to British and Empire citizens were gazetted from 24 August 1917 up to 1 January 1923.90 Details of all of these are recorded in section II. The following table offers a breakdown of these awards by gazette date, etc. London Gazette 24.8.1917 8.1.1918 UnClassified 52 367 11.6.1918 218 Mil Div 5 1.1.1919 15.1.1919 Civil Div 274 15.2.1919 2 17.3.1919 3 Notes No official citations published All with brief citations; mainly munitions and other industrial workers All with brief citations; mainly munition and other workers, air raid rescues, and some military personnel ‘For services in connection with the war’; Admiralty and Merchant Navy awards All with brief citations; primarily for air raids and to munition and other workers ‘For valuable services whilst prisoner of war in Germany in promoting the welfare of comrades’; RNVR members ‘In recognition of their services in rescuing survivors from a torpedoed steamship’; RNR members 85. E C E Leadbetter to R A Johnson, dated 5 July 1922 and RA Johnson to E C E Leadbetter, dated 6 July 1922 (TNA ref: MINT 20/773). 86. Lord Stamfordham to W Fisher, dated 17 July 1922 (TNA ref: MINT 20/773). 87. W Fisher to R A Johnson, dated 24 October 1922 (TNA ref: MINT 20/773). 88. London Gazette, 29 December 1922, pp.9155-9161; for a discussion of these awards see Galloway (1996, pp.108-115) and Abbott & Tamplin (1981, pp.240-251). 89. Lord Stamfordham to R A Johnson, dated 25 May 1923 (TNA ref: MINT 20/773). 90. This is one more than that indicated in Abbott & Tamplin (1981, p.239), who appear to have missed the single award gazetted on 30 July 1920. 38 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 London Gazette UnClassified Mil Div Notes 9.5.1919 3.6.1919 16.9.1919 10.10.1919 17.10.1919 22 1 1 1 5 23.1.1920 405 All to WRNS To WRAF; a rescue from a wrecked aircraft To RN ‘for services in connection with the war’ To RAF ‘for gallant conduct in France’ Admiralty awards ‘for services in connection with the war’ Under several general headings, for services in connection with the war in France and Flanders, the home front, and elsewhere, to QMAAC, WL, and a few other units For various services (though primarily munitions related) in India during WWI All with brief citations, to Fire Brigades, munition workers and various others A Barking Fire Brigade late award All to Metropolitan Special Constabulary For services with the Waziristan Force on the NWF HM Coastguard award for Ireland To RN ‘in recognition of valuable services rendered whilst prisoners at Baku in promoting the welfare of comrades’ For services in Ireland For services in Ireland For services in Ireland For services in Ireland For services in Ireland For services in Ireland Indian Army, for services in Mesopotamia For services in Ireland Fire Brigade awards: all with brief citations For services in Ireland For services in Mesopotamia For services in Ireland For services in Ireland Grand total 2,015 2.3.1920 7.7.1920 Civil Div 102 423 30.7.1920 12.10.1920 20.10.1920 1 46 1 23.11.1920 4.2.1921 1 6 18.2.1921 15.3.1921 21.4.1921 1.6.1921 17.6.1921 29.7.1921 9.9.1921 28.9.1921 11.11.1921 20.1.1922 24.1.1922 29.3.1922 1.1.1923 Totals 4 4 4 18 5 2 1 6 4 1 2 1,334 15 171 1 12 510 39 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE B: Foreign Nationals In contrast to the relative precision with which the number of BEMs granted to British and Empire citizens can be stated, the numbers given to foreign nationals are less clear. Awards to foreign nationals were not published in the London Gazette. War Offices records on the exchange of decorations between the Allied armies noted the following: Army Numbers awarded References Belgian Army 3 WO 388/1 (part 4: list 48, 28 Oct 1919) Belgian Army 3 WO 388/1 (part 6: list 72, 8 May 1922) French Army 2 WO 388/2 (part 6, list 49, 1 Dec 1919) French Army 1 WO 388/2 (part 6, list 58, 9 Feb 1920) French Army 3 WO 388/2 (part 6, list 60, 22 March 1920) Russia 1 WO 388/4 (book 21) Arabia 22 WO 388/5 (book 28) Total 35 As distinct from these classifications, War Office statistics up to 15 May 1920 recorded that there were 77 awards granted to French nationals and a more substantial 539 awards to Belgian citizens.91 Again, these figures are only partial. The Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood list awards to 901 foreign nationals between 1917 and 1922,92 broken down as follows: Nationality Arabia Armenia Belgium Brazil Colombia Cuba Denmark Egypt France Greece Iraq/Persia Iran Italy Luxembourg Military Division 17 Civil Division 2 90 1 1 1 1 4 108 3 536 3 74 4 1 1 2 14 Totals 17 2 626 1 1 1 1 7 182 3 4 2 2 14 91. Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire during the Great War 1914-1920, London: HMSO, 1922, p.557. 92. According to Abbott & Tamplin (1981, p.239), who also quote the Central Chancery, 801 awards were made to foreign nationals up to March 1941, which period of course also covers awards of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire instituted on 29 December 1922. The cause of the discrepancy is unclear. 40 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Nationality Military Division Netherlands Palestine Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Turkey United States Total 1 1 637 Civil Division Totals 26 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 263 26 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 900 Unfortunately, this cannot be regarded as wholly accurate. There are several cases (involving about 8 individuals or almost 1%) in which War Office and Foreign Office files indicate certain foreign nationals had awards approved by the King and presented, although their names do not appear on the Central Chancery register of recipients. In 24 other cases the outcome of firm recommendations is unclear in the former sources and it is possible a number of these were approved. Conversely, there appears to be at least one recipient (Paul Abraham) on the Central Chancery roll whose award was apparently cancelled. Taking this into account, the total number of awards made to foreign nationals appears to be in the region of 908, with a small handful of additional cases being possible which would raise the total number to 932 awards. Details of these cases are recorded in section III, with the Central Chancery status being noted in all cases. It should be noted that in several cases the recipients’ recorded names and nationalities vary between the primary sources examined. These variations are noted in the individual entries in section III. Such instances are probably due to inevitable clerical errors, particularly exacerbated by problems with inter-departmental communication, during the award process. Cancellations and Forfeitures Article 23 of the original Royal Warrant authorised the Sovereign to cancel and annul awards of the BEM (and to subsequently restore these) when considered appropriate. Three such cancellations were noted among the awards granted to British recipients, viz, the awards to Albert Edward Hawkes, Ernest Brooks and John Dudley Carruthers. The situation with respect to foreign nationals is rather more complex, particularly where both the King and foreign governments were approving awards. Cases approved by the King, only to then have the recipient’s own government withhold consent, are noted earlier in the earlier foreign nationals section. One such case, that of Paul Abraham, is included in the following rolls as his name remains on the Central Chancery register. In two cases where both authorities had given consent, awards were subsequently cancelled, viz, the awards to Charles Bosviel and Robert Ulysse Dieu. Details of these cases are included in the following rolls. 41 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Glossary Layout of entries in Sections II and III The following information is provided: • Surname, prefix for women and clerics, first names, service number, rank and unit or ship where known. • London Gazette (LG) details; recommendations; newspaper and other accounts and additional sources; archival and other references. • Provenance: details of museums, collections and past sales within which the awards appeared. Where auction prices are quoted these generally exclude any buyer’s premium and tax. • † indicates the award was made posthumously. Abbreviations Aside from standard abbreviations of military, naval and civil rank and unit details that have been used where appropriate, the following less common abbreviations have been employed in the text: ARA CC Algemeen Rijksarchief, Brussels Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, dates cited after this (in the foreign nationals section) being the date the award was approved COA Corps d’Observation Anglais FASP Fonds Vaderlandse Diensten – Fonds Archives Services Patriotiques IWM Imperial War Museum LCC London County Council LG London Gazette P Portefeuille TNA The National Archives, Kew, London 42 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 RECIPIENTS BRITAIN & THE EMPIRE 43 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE A ABBOTT, Edward James, Chief Officer, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award, which also notes other incidents at which Abbott and his brigade served (but for which they were not ultimately put forward), states: ‘… Chief Officer Abbott, Firemen Arnold, Greenland, Newhouse, Pemberton, Shalders, Wade, Wilson and Worricker [and the] fire at HM Munition Factory at Rainham, 13 February 1918: The Brigade received a call by telephone at 4.59pm on 13 February 1918 to a fire at HM Munition Factory at Rainham. On arrival it was found that a range of iron and brick buildings about 800 ft by 400 ft, used as a factory for the manufacture of TNT had been blown up by explosion, the buildings wrecked and fired in several places. It was found that a derrick was blazing furiously and information was given to the Chief Officer that trays of TNT were on the derrick and were liable to explode, rendering possible a big extension of the fire. Chief Officer Abbott climbed on to the derrick seized the trays of blazing TNT and threw them on to the foreshore of the River Thames, near the works were situate…. Smaller explosions were constantly occurring after the arrival of the Brigade and all the men behaved splendidly…’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Abbott had been awarded the KPM in August 1917 for recovering the bodies of nine women who had been suffocated at the Ajax Chemical Works (see Farmery, 1995, p.45 and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ADAIR, Hugh James, Inspector, Engineering Dept LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘Displayed great zeal and courage in carrying out telegraph work under dangerous conditions’. ADAIR, Robert LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage in continuing to work his engine while molten metal was falling round him’. ADAMS, Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage in assisting others, at great personal risk, in a fire’. ADAMS, Walter Ernest, Chargeman of Labourers LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘On the occasion of an explosion on board the warship Baden he assisted in lifesaving at great personal risk from poisonous fumes’. PROVENANCE: Adams medal, the edge privately inscribed ‘W. Adams O.B.E.’, was offered for sale at DNW 4 April 2001, lot 637, NEF, and went unsold. ADBUL, Rayman Balla. See: BALLA, Adbul Rayman. AHMAD, Anis, Munshi LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with recruiting for the Indian Army’. AHMED, Mohamed, Jemadar, lst Gwalior I.S. Lcrs., attached to the Hospital Ship Loyalty, Gwalior State Forces LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in India, in connection with the War’. This award was to be dated 3 June 1919. AHMED, Shaik, Chief Syrang of Lascars LG (2 March 1920, p.2454): ‘...in recognition of coolness and bravery on 19 October, 1918, on the occasion of a fire near the fore magazine on the Royal Indian Marine Ship Dufferin’. 44 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 AINSCOUGH, Ralph, Fireman, Wigan Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for John S Percival (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). AIRDRIE, Lily, 1330 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. In Airdrie’s case these were awarded to her as Lily ‘Bailey’ (1330 Farrier on MIC). AKEHURST, Emma Mary, 2877 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Akehurst joined the QMAAC on 13 August 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at 689 Employment Company, City Road, while a more specific draft noted she was: ‘Recommended for unfailing devotion to duty, and marked uprightness of character. She has shown a wonderful influence for good over all under her’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). ALEXANDER, Francis Edgar Lyon, 39979 Pte, Middlesex Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. ALEXANDER, J, 155389 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often, causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ALFORD, Charles LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. This award was initially gazetted in error to Frederick John Alford, the brother of the correct recipient Charles Alford (LG, 19 February 1918; TNA ref: HO 180/6). Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Alford (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). ALGAR, Jennie LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Weekly Irish Times notes the award was ‘For presence of mind and good example on the occasion of an explosion at a shellfilling factory’ (1 September 1917, p.4). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/2. The reverse of the photograph notes the award as being: ‘For presence of mind and preventing a panic among workers at an explosion in shell filling factory’. ALI, Sadiq, Sheikh LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with recruiting for the Indian Army’. ALLAM, Francis, Fireman, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Abraham Robinson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ALLEN, Arthur Ernest LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage in rescuing a fellow-worker at great personal risk’. ALLEN, Arthur Joseph LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage and resource in assisting to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory at great personal risk’. 45 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ALLEN, Dorothy Hilda, 3963 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based as a General Clerk at the 615 Employment Company, Salisbury (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/3. ALLEN, James, SS 104,703 (RFR, Po/B5068) Acting Stoker (1st Class), RN LG (17 October 1919, p.12779): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal, awarded for services whilst a prisoner-of-war, was issued to Allen by the CO of the Irish Sea Area on 1 May 1920 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914 Star and bar trio for his First World War service (TNA ref: ADM 171/94). Allen was captured while serving with the Benbow Battalion, RND, in 1914 following the retreat from Antwerp. He was interned in Doeberitz prison camp and later Sprottau Scliesen camp, where he served from perhaps 1917 to January 1919, being President of the camp from June 1918 until repatriation; he was reputedly the last man to leave the camp. PROVENANCE: A miniature group, consisting of the Medal of the OBE, 1914 Star and bar trio, and 1939-45 Defence Medal, attributed to Allen, is in a private collection in Cyprus (2011), while his full size group apparently exists in a UK collection. ALLEN, Samuel James LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘Gave his services as ambulance driver, and showed courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a naval bombardment’. ALLISON, Eleanor, Forewoman LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For courageous conduct and high example’. ALLSOPP, Eliza, 27341 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Newport (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/4 (surname indexed as ‘Alsopp’). ALLUM, Mrs Annie Elizabeth LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘Displayed conspicuous courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when the school in which she was teaching was struck by a bomb’. The Daily Mirror noted the award (14 June 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/5, the reverse of the picture also noting the raid was on 13 June 1917 and the LCC School was at Upper North Street, Poplar. ALMOND, Ernest Arthur, Cable Hand, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For good work on cable ships in dangerous waters’. AMBLER, Thomas LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. PROVENANCE: Ambler’s medal, in its case of issue, together with his Volunteer LG&GC Medal, GV type, named: ‘Col Sgt T Ambler Nagpur Voltr. Rfls’, are in the Alan Seldon collection (2011). AMES, Richard, Head Foreman LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For courage and promptitude in extinguishing a serious fire, and thereby preventing a disastrous explosion in a shell-filling factory’. 46 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ANDERSON, Catherine, 16186 Asst Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Receiving Depot, Edinburgh (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/6 (where her name is recorded as ‘Catherine Somerville Anderson’). ANDERSON, Donald, Section Leader, Ambulance Column, London District LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work in connection with air raids’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Attended all air raids. Specially valuable services at St Pancras station when bombed’, to which is added in pencil: ‘His commandant reported that he was conspicuously brave’, his address being noted as 135 Commercial Street, E1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ANDERSON, Miss Jane LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For courage and presence of mind in releasing a fellow worker whose arm had caught in a press’. The covering letter for the recommendation for the award states Anderson worked as a Cordite Operative (clock no. 130) at HM Factory at Gretna, though the original recommendation has not been located (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). ANDERSON, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of a fire at a Stores Depot’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ANDREW, James LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage in remaining at his work during a fire which resulted in a very serious explosion’. ANDREWARTHA, John, Fitter, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trials of a submarine’. ANDREWS, Edwin Bolwell LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage in extinguishing a fire in chemical works under circumstances of grave personal danger’. ANDREWS, Gertrude, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. ANDREWS, Harry LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘Recommended as [showing a] high example of zeal and energy during the construction of the ‘H.S.’ Gas Plant. When production started, and an element of danger was present, Andrews [a 35-year-old foreman plumber] was always willing to take the dangerous work himself, and incurred injuries which necessitated his removal to the Bristol Infirmary for six weeks. During a labour dispute between 12 and 18 July, Andrews, although in poor health owing to ‘H’, worked long hours, and materially assisted to keep the plant working; although fully realizing the danger to his already impaired health’; his address being given as 63 Melville Street, Burnley (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). ANDREWS, Harry LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For courage on the occasion of a serious explosion in a filling factory. Although injured he helped to extinguish two fires’. 47 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ANDREWS, John Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.471): ‘For courage in keeping up steam immediately after an explosion when another explosion seemed imminent’. ANDREWS, William, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ANGUS, Charles, Fire Master, Upper District of Renfrewshire Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Fire at the works of the National Tar Products Ltd, Barrhead, [on] 27 February 1918: The fire broke out in the Benzol Plant and spread to the Naphthalene Plant. When the Brigade arrived they were advised not to risk their lives as iron drums, pieces of machinery, etc, were being blown with terrific force all over the place, and Benzol on fire was running in streams. Firemaster Angus however led his men with much bravery and they ran their engine as near the blaze as possible, coupled up their hose, and ultimately succeeded in saving the half of the works in which a valuable Oil Plant was installed. The Brigade worked constantly from 1pm on Wednesday 27 February till the evening of the following Friday’. In addition to this, the National Tar Factory wrote a supporting letter, dated 7 October 1919, from which the above recommendation was culled and which added that: ‘…In fact they did not leave the works till the Saturday morning when the last lot of smouldering barrels and bags of naphthalene was finally subdued. No praise is too much to give these men, who carried their lives in their hands for at least the first twelve hours of their labours’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). The BEM was also granted to William Smith and Frederick S MacWilliams (see also his entry) for these events. ANGUS, Kate, 8857 Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the 51st KRRC, Colchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). ANIS, Ahmad. See: AHMAD, Anis. ANNAUD, Barbara Helen, 2075 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. In Annaud’s case these appear listed to her as ‘Annand’ (2075 Forewoman on MIC). ANSELL, Ellen Elizabeth, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. ANSELL, Joseph William, Superintendent, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous ability and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. Two versions of the original recommendation for the award exist, the first stating: ‘Displaying sound judgement and ability in handling a grave situation on the occasion of the explosion at Silvertown, E, on 19 January 1917’ and the second that: ‘The [London County] Council also recommends Superintendent J W Ansell, of the London Fire Brigade, for the award of the Medal in recognition of his services in connection with the Silvertown explosion. Superintendent Ansell was the first senior officer of the London Fire Brigade to arrive at the scene of the disaster and upon him devolved the extremely difficult question of the disposition and getting to work of the appliances of the Brigade in such a way as best to obviate the imminent danger to which neighbouring property was exposed’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 48 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ANSLOW, William LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in remaining at his work at an acid factory, although suffering from the effects of severe burns’. ARMES, Charles, Cable Foreman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Armes (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). ARMITAGE, Annie, Fire Police Woman LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty, especially on occasions of air raid warnings’. ARNOLD, Henry George, 65824 Sgt (A/CSM), South Lancashire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. ARNOLD, William Richard, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PROVENANCE: Arnold’s medal, engraved in large sans serif capitals ‘W. R. Arnold. 20th. Nov. 1920’, in its case of issue, was sold by Spink, 20 November 2008, lot 20, and now forms part of the Alan Seldon collection (2011). ARTHUR, Laura May LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘For courage and presence of mind in averting a serious explosion in a filling factory’. ASH, Mrs Jessie LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For devotion to duty and courage in performing specially dangerous work in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ASH, Joseph Tempest, Additional Assistant Commander, S Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This officer was in charge of the largest Station in the Division during the War, and has done quite exceptional work from August 1914, to the present time; during this period he has given an immense deal of time and hard work to police duties, often to the detriment of his own business, frequently being on duty all night, with constant difficult and trying situations to face; whilst dealing with 300 men [which he] was in charge of during the war, he always showed courage and self-sacrifice in dealing with them and succeeded in maintaining splendid discipline for 5 years which is no easy matter in a voluntary force with regular and continuous duties’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ASHFIELD, Alfred LG (2 March 1920, p.2454): ‘... in recognition of gallantry on the occasion of an attack on a military railway train near Spintangi on 27 February 1918, during the Marri operations’. ASHTON, Joseph, Signalman LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during an air raid, when the signal-box in which he was working was struck by a bomb’. The original recommendation, from Police Superintendent W Banister, at Wigan, (which was supported by the Chief Constable 49 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE of Lancashire), stated: ‘With a view to obtain some special recognition for meritorious conduct, I beg to bring to the notice of the Chief Constable, the name of Joseph Ashton, aged 57 years, of 39 Warrington Road, Lower Ince, near Wigan, a signalman employed by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company, at Ince Hill Siding Signal Box on the Liverpool-Bolton line. Ashton went on duty at 6pm 12 [April 1918]. At 10.35pm he received the order “Take Air Raid Warning” and at 11.33pm whilst busily engaged with goods trains and light engines, he received the order “Take Air Raid Action” from the Manchester Control. At 11.35pm he saw an illumination in the sky, and immediately afterwards a high explosive bomb crashed through his signal box roof and through the floor into the basement, but did not explode. It splintered the wood in the cabin, broke one lever and twisted several others. He felt something hit him on the left temple, which bled freely. Ashton sent a fireman to Ince Railway Station for the ambulance box, and although he was aware he was standing above a live bomb, he continued to attend to his duties. At this time, within 200 yards from his box, a high explosive bomb was also dropped on a stationary goods train standing in Ince Hall Siding, two waggons were completely wrecked, and the permanent way damaged. He caused information to be sent to this office that a bomb had gone through his signal box and had failed to explode. Twelve high explosive and five incendiary bombs were dropped in the immediate neighbourhood. Ashton remained on duty at his post throughout this critical period, later he had his injuries properly attended to, and was instructed by his Inspector to go off duty at 2.20am when another man was engaged. An officer, who is an expert in bombs, from the Western Command, Chester, inspected the bomb on 13 [April], and stated it was in a very dangerous position and liable to explode. Ashton, who has his right leg cut off below the knee, the result of being knocked down and run over by a goods train some years ago, acted with great courage, and for his heroic devotion to duty, and the calm, cool judgement he displayed, which no doubt averted a railway accident, I am of the opinion his good services are worthy of special recognition’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10894/360545). ASKEW, Tom, Captain, Sheerness Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft, and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Attendance at fires caused by hostile aircraft and rescue of injured persons from debris of fallen houses. Over 100 air raids’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). On 5 June 1917 22 German Gotha bombers attacked Shoeburyness and Sheerness, resulting in 11 fatalities and 34 people being injured. One Gotha was shot down in the Thames at Barton’s Point. PROVENANCE: Askew’s medals, consisting of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire (named ‘T Askew’), 1897 Jubilee Medal, Metropolitan Police issue (PC T Askew 4th Divn), 1902 Coronation Medal, Metropolitan Police issue (PC 4th Divn), and the 1911 Coronation Medal, Metropolitan Police issue (PC), together with 12 photographs of the artillery unit at Sheerness and a trophy made out of the nose cone of a bomb dropped during the 5 June raid, were offered for sale in Gordon’s Medals List, February 1996, lot 261, GVF, £695. ASPELL, Robert Clyde, J.10797 (Dev) Ldg Seaman, RN LG (4 February 1921, p.939): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered whilst prisoners at Baku in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The Medal was presented to Aspell by the C-in-C of Devonport Area on 11 July 1921 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914-15 Star trio and Navy LS&GC Medal, the latter in 1927 aboard HMS Vivid (TNA ref: ADM 171/110, 141 and 149). ASSIRATI, F W, Postman LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘Devotion to duty under specially difficult and dangerous circumstances’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Assirati (who was noted as being from Islington) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). ATKINSON, Ernest, Superintendent, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at a chemical works and a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 18 October 1915, the Sup[erintenden]t (E Atkinson), together with Firemen Edwin Roberts and Robert Holt, and 50 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Motorman Edward Hampshire, attending after an explosion in the Benzol Department of Beckton Chemical Works (Gas Light & Coke Co) and worked in close proximity to highly inflammable spirit and explosives whilst dealing with the outbreak of fire following the explosion. On 19 January [1917], Supt Atkinson, together with Firemen E Roberts and F Gurden, and Motorman E Hampshire attending a serious explosion at Messrs Brunner Mond’s Works, Silvertown. On arriving at the Works, they found that some West Ham fireman were seriously injured and at once rendered first-aid assistance to them, afterwards conveying three of the fireman and 8 other persons to the Seamen’s Hospital, Connaught Road. On returning, they assisted in extinguishing the flames, and were working in dangerous positions. On 20 May 1918, Supt Atkinson, together with Firemen E Roberts and C Price, and Motorman E Hampshire, attended houses in Seventh Avenue, Manor Park, on which bombs had been dropped, the raid being still in progress when they arrived. First-aid was rendered to four persons badly injured, the ambulance being sent for, and these persons conveyed to the hospital by Motorman W Brockes of the East Ham Fire Brigade. Owing to the collapse of the buildings and to the fact that persons were reported missing, the above named Firemen had to continue throughout the night working on the debris. On 13 July 1918, Supt Atkinson with Firemen F Gurden, R Holt and E Hampshire (Motorman) attended a fire at Messrs Crowe’s Chemical Works, Barking, and were working in dangerous positions while extinguishing the fire’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ATTREE, Frank Thomas LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. ATTRILL, Jesse, Boatswain LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For coolness and resource in averting a serious accident to one of HM Ships. ATTWELL, Arthur Walter, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). AUGER, Ethel Alice LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and high example in remaining at her post on a tram, and thus preventing severe casualties to fellow-workers. In doing so she was severely injured’. AULT, Jesse, 4793185 L/Cpl, The Lincolnshire Regiment LG (15 March 1921, p.2171): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. This award was to be dated 18 February 1921 and appears to have been for bravery in Ireland (see Cassell, 1986). Missing the investiture in Dublin on 21 March 1921, Ault was informally presented with his medal on 4 May 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). AUSTIN, Beatrice May LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘For courage in returning to work in the same factory after receiving injuries by an explosion, in which she lost the sight of one eye’. AUSTIN, George Benjamin, Superintendent, Broadstairs Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This Brigade assisted in connection with the fire at the Ammunition Dump at Ramsgate on 17 June 1917. This fire was of a particularly dangerous nature. Explosions of shells, mines and small arms ammunition were constantly occurring and the men were exposed to considerable danger the whole time’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards were also made to Firemen Brisley, Jarman, Temple and Turner for this fire. 51 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE AYERS, William LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of fires at an explosives factory in Canada’. AYLWARD, G LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. AYLWARD, Sidney LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and resource in subduing a fire at imminent personal risk’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Aylward (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). 52 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 B BADGER, George LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in attempting to save life, in spite of severe personal injuries’. BADSEY, George William LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in fighting, at very great personal risk, a fire caused by an explosion’. BAGGOTT, S L LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For great courage and presence of mind on two occasions. Although himself badly burned by acid, he gave instructions to close the tap of the tank, thus preventing further loss and injury to others’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BAILLIE, James, Foreman Smith LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For self-sacrifice and devotion to duty’. BAILLIE, John, Assistant Clerk of Works LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an explosion at a national filling factory’. BAILLIE, John, Chargeman of Engine Fitters, Northern Base LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and perseverance in carrying out work involving much exposure and risk’. BAIRD, George LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in saving a child from drowning at the works and returning at once to his work’. BAISBROWN, Agnes E, 7021 Housemaid, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/7 (where her name is recorded as ‘Agnes Eleanor Baisbrown’). BAKER, Augustus LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BAKER, Harold James LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BAKER, Harry, Skilled Labourer LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘For courage displayed in saving at great personal risk the life of a workman who had come in contact with a live electric wire’. 53 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BALCH, Sidney Thomas, Fireman, Sheerness Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft, and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Tom Askew (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BALCOMB, Samuel LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice in twice exposing himself to showers of sulphuric acid from leaking pipes, at grave personal risk, in order to stop the leakages and keep the plant running’. BALDWIN, Charles, Surgery Attendant LG (11 June 1918, p.6893): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice shown during an air raid’. BALKAN, Minnie LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage in helping to subdue a serious fire at a filling factory’. The Daily Mirror noted ‘The girl transport workers who recently won the cheers of Parliament for saving a great munition factory from destruction have been awarded the Medal of the Order of the British Empire. Their names are Minnie Balkin, Elsie Barnes, Gertrude Chapman, Kitty Marchant, Rosina Saville and Kitty Shepherd. They are all Tunbridge Wells girls except Miss Saville, who comes from Hayward’s Heath. None is older than twenty-two. Their present work consists of loading motorlorries and railway trucks with hundredweight boxes. The fire broke out in a corner of a cartridge finishing shed, 200 ft long and 60 ft wide. In a few minutes the whole building was involved. The eighty girls working in it were got out at once. Inside were a quarter of a million cartridges. The six firewomen were on the scene in less than five minutes. Men warned them not to go near and the cartridge explosions were terrifying. But the girls took the hose right up to the trolley rails, running alongside the shed, and playing on to the vital places, kept the fire from spreading’ (14 June 1918, p.2). A group photograph of the six women appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/8 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Minnie Rose Balkham’). The reverse of the photograph gives her address as 7 Albion Square, St Johns Road, Tunbridge Wells, that she was a 20-year-old transport worker, and that she received her medal on Wednesday 20 November 1918 from the Marquis Camden. BALL, Daniel LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in having several times effected temporary repairs to important plant in an explosives factory at considerable risk to his life’. BALL, John Henry, Clerk of Works, HM Office of Works LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For very conspicuous courage and devotion while in charge of works at a munition factory. For a long period he carried out very dangerous duties with complete disregard of his personal safety’. The Office of Works recommendation list notes Ball worked in a factory at Coventry (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BALLA, Abdul Rayman, Chief Syrang of Lascars (2nd class) LG (2 March 1920, p.2454): ‘...in recognition of coolness and bravery on 19 October, 1918, on the occasion of a fire near the fore magazine on the Royal Indian Marine Ship Dufferin’. BANKS, A C LG (15 January 1919, p.801): ‘For courage in helping to remove large quantities of loaded fuses during a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, while explosions were taking place’. BANKS, J H J LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For great courage and presence of mind in preventing what might have been a very serious fire and explosion at a filling factory. Also for rescuing a fellow worker at very grave personal risk’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 54 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BANKS, W LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. BANNERJEE, Pulin Behari LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BANNISTER, George Charles LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For great courage in clearing a man-hole at great personal risk’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Bannister (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). BANNISTER, John Kelly LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Process workers, employed on H.S. manufacture [at HM Factory at Avonmouth]. Many times gassed and burnt but they carried out their trying duties magnificently’, his address being given as 23 Scarisbrook Avenue, Liverpool (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). BAPTIST, James LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BAQIR, Mirza, Ras, Head Jailor, Baghdad Jail LG (24 January 1922, p.627): ‘For services in Mesopotamia’. Award to be dated 1 January 1921. The award was gazetted incorrectly as ‘Mirza Baquir Ras’. The original recommendation noted that: ‘At the outbreak of the war, Mirza Baquir [the ‘u’ crossed out], Ras, farrash in Baghdad Residency was deported by the Turks. He returned to Iraq in 1915, and was appointed head warder of Basrah jail; on occupation, became head warder of Bagdad [sic] jail, where he is now deputy assistant superintendent; has been on two or three occasions instrumental in suppressing jail insurrections at the risk of his life’ (IOR ref: L/PS/15/56, file H28/1922). BARBER, Arthur Edward, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. BARBER, John Thomas, Carpenter, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Barber (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). BARBER, Violet May, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. BARCLAY, Charles Norman LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion of a fire and explosion at an explosives factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 55 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BARKER, Hilda Florence, 191 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BARKER, Louis George LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BARLOW, Ada Annie LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and resource shown on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. BARNARD, Arthur LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Process workers, employed on H.S. manufacture [at HM Factory at Avonmouth]. Many times gassed and burnt but they carried out their trying duties magnificently’; his address is given as 32 Craven Street, Liverpool (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). PROVENANCE: This medal, named ‘A. BARNARD’, is known, having been in a private UK collection in recent years. BARNARD, Cecil, 49280 Pte, Middlesex Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. BARNARD, Henry LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in fighting a fire at great personal risk while many bags of explosives were being removed’. BARNDEN, Percival, P270 T/S-M, Military Mounted Police LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. PROVENANCE: Barnden’s medals, consisting of the BEM (unnamed), QSA Medal 3 clasps, KSA 2 clasps, 1914-15 Star, BWM, Victory Medal with MID, and MSM (GV, 1916), exist in a private UK collection (2011). BARNES, Elsie LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage in helping to subdue a serious fire at a filling factory’. See Minnie Balkan for further details. BARNES, Frank, Second Officer, Accrington Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Edward Samuel Ware (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BARNES, Thomas LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty, often working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere, though suffering seriously from the effects of gas poisoning’. The original recommendation for the award, from the Castner-Kellner Alkali Co Ltd at Runcorn, notes how Barnes: ‘Was employed as Process-worker on ‘H.S. Plant’ from the commencement. The working of the process during the experimental stage necessitated a good deal of courage owing to the imperfection of the plant. This often necessitated working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere. The example which this man set was very praiseworthy and had a beneficial effect on the remainder of the men. He was however compelled to stay away from 13 to 30 May with conjunctivitis and pharyngitis. On recovery he returned to the plant and continued to work on the process until it was closed down’; Barnes is noted as living at 35 Dale Street, Runcorn (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). 56 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BARRATT, Frederick William LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For great courage and presence of mind in assisting to extinguish a fire in a filling factory’. BARRETT, Mark LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For courage and high example in performing dangerous duties although several times severely injured’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BARRETT, Millicent Sarah, 8992 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Central Siege School at Lydd (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/9. BARTHOLOMEW, James Alfred LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For an act of great courage. He jumped off the locomotive which he was driving and succeeded in pulling a man off the lines, thereby saving his life at grave personal risk’. The Daily Mirror noted the award (14 June 1918, p.2). BARTLETT, Annie, 14467 Asst Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes that Bartlett enrolled in the Women’s Legion on 1 February 1916 and transferred to QMAAC on 23 October 1917, her recommendation being submitted from the Officers’ Command Depot at Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BARTLETT, Fanny Caroline Jane, Night Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/10. The reverse of the photograph additionally notes Bartlett was: ‘Night Supervisor Arsenal Telephone Exchange, London Telephone Service [and had worked] continuous night duty September 1915 to March 1919…’. BARTON, Fred, 6278084 Sgt, 1st Battalion, The Buffs LG (29 March 1922, p.2582): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. This award was to be dated 10 January 1921. The original recommendation detailed how: ‘This NCO has carried out invaluable intelligence duties for the last 18 months, displaying great ability and pluck in moving about among the townspeople and gaining their confidence. Information shows that he has been specially marked down for reprisal by the rebels. On 4 June 1921, at Stradbally, Sergt Barton obtained information of an ambush and proceeding at the head of a flying column, himself shot one of the enemy, being at the time under heavy fire at close range. Again on 29 November 1920, accompanied only by one man, he succeeded in arresting a notorious Irish Republican Army officer and brought him through crowded streets to barracks. The slightest hesitation on the part of Sergt Barton would probably have resulted in the death of himself and his companion and the escape of the rebel’; his address being noted as Fermoy. The War Office commented that: ‘it is not considered desirable however in the circumstances to make reference to the services or battalion number in the announcement…in the London Gazette’ (TNA ref: WO 141/54; see also Cassell, 1986). PROVENANCE: Barton’s medals, consisting of BEM (Military Division), 1914 Star and bar (L.Cpl), BWM and Victory Medals (Sjt, E Kent Regt), Defence Medal and Army LS&GC (GVR), were known in a private collection in November 1970 and were later listed for sale in the London Stamp Exchange catalogue, Summer 1986, lot 289, VF, £325, p.29. 57 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BASHFORD, Thomas Henry LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For great courage on two occasions, entering a tank to recover a fellowworkman who was gassed, and entering a tar still heater’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). BATTEN, Albert George, First Engineer, Tipton Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire caused by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 31 January 1916 a bomb dropped at Tipton burst the gas main and killed and injured a number of people. The name of Albert George Batten is specially recommended by the Council for his efforts in endeavouring to extinguish the fire and rescue the injured persons’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BAX, Frederick, 26 S/Sgt (A/S-M), Royal Army Medical Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. BAXTER, James LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BAXTER, Robert LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a fellow-worker at great personal risk’. BAYLIFF, Thomas Edward LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BAYLIS, Emily, 3929 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at ‘Salisbury Emp Coy’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/12. BAZAL, Makham LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BEAL, Samuel John, Skilled Labourer (Furnaceman) LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in continuing urgent casting operations throughout an air raid’. BEANES, Frank, 4793071 Pte, The Lincolnshire Regiment LG (15 March 1921, p.2171): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. This award was to be dated 18 February 1921 and appears to have been for bravery in Ireland (see Cassell, 1986). Missing the investiture in Dublin on 21 March 1921, Beanes was informally presented with his medal on 14 November 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). BEARDSMORE, T A B, 106380 Corporal LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 58 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BEAUFORT, Beatrice Oxley LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and high example in continuing to do very dangerous experimental work in spite of injuries received in consequence’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Beaufort (who was noted as being from Lambeth) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). BEAUMONT, Fanny Elizabeth, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/13. The reverse of the photograph notes Beaumont was from 43 Approach Road, Margate and worked as a Telegraphist at Margate Post Office. BECK, Edith Amy, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/14. The reverse of the photograph adds Beck worked at the Potters Bar Exchange and the award was for bravery: ‘especially during the raid in which a Zeppelin L31 was brought down at Potter’s Bar on 1 October 1916’. BECK, Mabel, 3173 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BECKINGHAM, Henry LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and high example at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, when he prevented the fire from spreading, and thus saved valuable stores’. BEDDALL, Samuel LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For great courage. At grave personal risk, he twice entered a burning room in a filling factory and rescued three workers, in spite of dense fumes and personal injuries’. BEDFORD, Barry, S/22257 Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. BEER, John Finnis, Cable Hand LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Beer (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). BEETHAM, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For great courage in risking his life to prevent a serious accident, causing his health to be severely impaired’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Foreman of mixing plant. A pipe burst and led to a copious escape of C.G. gas [at Messrs West Riding Chemical Co]. Beetham worked under great difficulty until the escape was stopped. He was seriously ill for a week’, his address being given as 10 Thornes Road, Wakefield (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323 and the entry here for Arthur Mellor). BEETON, Ida Bessie, 9635 Housemaid, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the 5th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment, at Chatham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 59 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BEGBIE, Janet Muriel, 21765 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Bostall Heath Camp (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BEIGHTON, Thomas Arthur, Inspector, Engineering Department, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For special services performed with great ability under trying conditions’. BELL, Miss Enid Beatrix, Chief Section Leader (Mechanic), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 May 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Bell by the SNO at Wellington, New Zealand, on 23 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). BELL, Noel Byron, Clerk of Works, HM Office of Works LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For very conspicuous courage and devotion while in charge of works at a munition factory. For a long period he carried out very dangerous duties with complete disregard of his personal safety’. The Office of Works recommendation list notes Bell worked in a factory at Hereford (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BELL, Thomas Renford, Shell Filler LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and promptitude in extinguishing a serious fire and thereby preventing a disastrous explosion in a shell-filling factory’. BELLIS, Thomas Bond LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and resource in assisting, at great personal risk, to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory’. BENJAFIELD, Herbert John, 1894 Sgt (A/S-M), Royal Army Medical Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. BENNETT, Hugh LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BENNETT, Jennie Amy, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. BENNETT, Samuel Hall LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in returning to work within an hour of breaking his thumb whilst at work. Sixty-nine years of age’. BENNETT, Sarah, 14465 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes that Bennett enrolled in the Women’s Legion Cookery Section on 23 April 1917 and transferred to QMAAC on 23 October 1917, her recommendation being submitted from the Officers’ Command Depot at Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/11 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss S H Bennett’). BENNETT, Sydney Alfred George, Fitter LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For meritorious service overseas in carrying out torpedo work under trying conditions’. 60 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BENNIE, Frank Andrew LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on the occasions of air raids’. BENSON, Ruby Emilie, 664 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the Receiving Depot for Overseas at Folkestone (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/15 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Ruby E Benson’). BENTLEY, Bertha, Forewoman Clerk 11074, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘…in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Bentley served with the No. 12 Officer Cadet Battalion at Newmarket, which unit originated her award (WO 162/65). She then served in France from 23 October 1918 to 26 November 1919, being thus also entitled to the British War and Victory Medals. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/16. The reverse of the photograph notes Bentley was MID in March 1919 ‘for special work in France with the QMAAC’. PROVENANCE: Bentley’s medals, consisting of the BEM (unnamed), BWM and VM, exist in a private UK collection (2011). BENTLEY, George P, Special Constable, T Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Endeavoured, at great personal risk, to rescue injured persons from a demolished building on the occasion of an air raid’. Bentley was recommended for the Medal a second time in 1920. This was cancelled when it was realised he had already received the Medal. This latter recommendation states: ‘Extract from Staff Order No 398a: Air Raid 29.1.1918. The Commissioner also feels it desirable to mention the conspicuous courage displayed by Special Constable George P Bentley attached to Brentford Station, who at great personal risk endeavoured to rescue injured persons from a demolished building situated between two others which were liable to collapse at any moment. Though warned by the local Surveyor of the danger, S/C Bentley continued his meritorious exertions and only desisted after rescuing the body of one of the victims and being satisfied that none others remained alive’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BENTLEY, Kate, 2660 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the 12th Officer Cadet Battalion at Newmarket (TNA ref: WO 162/65). For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, catalogued under her married name ‘Mrs F Buckman’, under reference DEC 6/31. The reverse of the photograph notes that the recipient: ‘Acted as Forewoman… at the 4th Army Infantry School… from 22 August 1917 until 1 January 1919, afterwards in a similar capacity with the HQ 59th Division’. BERKLEY, Ernest James, Dr LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion in rescue work on the occasion of a Zeppelin raid’. The award was for gallant rescue work following the raid on 19 October 1917, with other Medals being granted to Dr Athol Raymond Moore and Richard White, an Albert Medal being awarded to Frederick Wright for the same events (TNA ref: HO 180/6). BERRY, Alexander LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of picric acid at very great personal risk during a fire’. 61 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BERRY, George, Sapper, No. 2 Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raid’. BESSENT, Myra Grace, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. BEST, Bertram Stanley Leopold, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. BEVAN, Miss Ellen May LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For great courage in rescuing an injured worker at great personal risk on the occasion of an explosion and fire at a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BEVERLEY, Lilian Alice, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. BIDE, Jack LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. BIELBY, Robert John, Foreman, Army Ordnance Department LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage in removing inflammable material from a burning shed on the occasion of a fire in a shell-filling factory’. BINDESARI, Prashed, Straits Settlements Police, attached Military Headquarters LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For devoted service involving considerable hardship and danger while on a special mission’. The original recommendation for the award add to this: ‘...He has been a most trustworthy and faithful man during his four years service with the military authorities’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BINDING, Phillip LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in continuing to work for 36 hours with a broken thumb, so that important work might not be delayed’. BINES, Thomas Cooper, Third Officer, Gillingham Volunteer Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Joseph Plewis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BINNS, Mrs Mary Alice, Acting Caretaker Operator, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/17, the reverse including a note that Binns was presented with her medal by the Duke of Northumberland on 26 October 1918. BIRCH, Ellen LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an air raid’. BIRD, Emily, 13800 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and 62 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 devotion to duty’, while based at H Brigade Officer Cadet Battalion at Bushy Hall (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BIRD, John Robert, 59148 Sgt, Worcestershire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. BIRKINSHAW, Marjorie, 41190 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. BIRKS, John, B.Z/5,970 Able Seaman, RNVR LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For brave conduct in rescuing a seaman from a burning ship at great personal risk’. The Medal was presented to Birks aboard HMS Eclipse on 7 February 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914-15 Star trio (TNA ref: ADM 171/125). BISHOP, Minnie Sarah, 4716 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the MT Depot at Norwood (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/18. BISHOP, William Henry, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Bostal Hill, Plumstead, London, SE, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. BLACK, Collin Herbert LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BLACK, Sydney Rome, Assistant Draughtsman LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trials of a submarine’. BLACKMAN, William, Army Schoolmaster (WO Cl I), Corps of Army Schoolmasters LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. BLAGDON, Alexander LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice shown at an explosion at an explosives factory in Canada. Although injured by the explosion, he returned to attempt the rescue of another worker’. BLAKE, Alice, 8792 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based with the Tank Corps at Wareham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BLAKEY, Harry, Fireman, Bradford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for James Scott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 63 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BLANCH, Thomas David, Sergeant, B Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘…members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘These two men went out in a car owned and driven by Sergeant Blanch on the occasion of every air raid that took place in London during the War. The car after the first three raids were lighted with a “Take cover” notice and afterwards this was changed to “All Clear”. The car was hit 3 or 4 times by shrapnel and on one occasion C.I. Morris had his cap blown off. The car was on two other occasions blown off the road by concussion of a shell. The car was also twice repaired under fire, and was also struck by a fall of coping stones. I would strongly urge the claims of these two special constables as their conduct was most sacrificing and praiseworthy, in fact the advent of the car was looked to by the inhabitants of this large division as a timely warning of danger and an omen of relief when the danger was past’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BLOOMFIELD, James Elias LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in extricating living and dead from ruined buildings under circumstances of great danger’. BLOWS, Dorothy Ida, 1175 Asst. Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BLOXAM, Emmanuel LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For great courage displayed on the occasion of a serious explosion, when he assisted in extinguishing a fire and saved the life of a fellow-worker at very great personal danger’. BLUNDSTONE, Doris, 1962 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BLYTHE, Joseph LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty, often working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere, though suffering seriously from the effects of gas poisoning’. The original recommendation for the award, from the Castner-Kellner Alkali Co Ltd at Runcorn, notes how Blythe: ‘Was employed as Process-Worker on ‘H.S. Plant’ early in the experimental stage. The working of the process during the experimental stage necessitated a good deal of courage owing to the imperfection of the plant. This often necessitated working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere. The example which this man set was very praiseworthy and had a beneficial effect on the remainder of the men. Although suffering from dermatitis he continued to work on the plant. He was away from work from 7 to 27 June suffering from pharyngitis. He returned to work suffering from slight dermatitis and continued to work on the plant until 1 August when had to be removed to hospital for severe dermatitis including scrotal dermatitis’; his address is given as Hill Side, Overton, Frodsham (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). BOAL, Robert Leach LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in keeping down a fire in an explosives factory’. BOBIN, Frederick Godfrey, Cable Hand LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage in connection with submarine cable work in dangerous waters’. 64 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BOND, Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in closing a main valve on a steam boiler at great personal risk of scalding and suffocation’. BOOKER, Francis, Leading Man, Works Department, Portsmouth Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For perseverance in carrying out certain difficult works in the face of grave risks due to bad weather’. BOOTH, James, ex-Superintendent, Hull Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7302): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Conspicuous gallantry on two occasions when attending fires on board ships in Hull Docks in directing and assisting in the removal of live shells from the magazine when they were in grave danger of being blown up. Superintendent Booth also rendered distinguished services in the performance of his ordinary duties during air raids. He personally attended the more serious fires and directed operations’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BOOTH, John LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in extinguishing a fire on two occasions at very great personal risk’. BOOTH, John, Fireman, Oswaldtwistle Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Edward Smalley (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BOOTH, William Edward LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the manufacture of poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from the Castner-Kellner Alkali Co Ltd at Runcorn, notes how Booth: ‘Has been engaged as Assistant Chemist helping Mr Savage at the Weston Chemical Co Ltd since the beginning of the war and has displayed conspicuous courage in carrying on the difficult war work at that company’s works, the Weston Chemical Co being a subsidiary company of the Castner-Kellner Alkali Co Ltd. Mr Booth has been occupied under Mr Savage in the process of manufacturing Chloracetic Acid which is subsequently sent to Glasgow for the manufacture of S.K. Besides this he has been engaged on the manufacture of Sulphur Chloride and Sulphur Dichloride for munitions purposes. He has several times been laid up owing to the dangerous nature of his occupation and the risks incurred in the courage of same. All of these risks have been cheerfully and willingly undertaken and his courage and example have been very valuable in connection with the morale of the works. We feel that he is eminently deserving of recognition for his conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty and would recommend that he be awarded the Medal of the Order of the British Empire’; his address is noted as Leinster Gardens, Runcorn (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). BORASTON, George Stokes LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with recruiting for the Indian Army’. BOSHER, Cornelius, Orderly Sergeant, County of London Branch, British Red Cross Society LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work on the occasion of the Silvertown explosion and of an air raid’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘(1) On the occasion of the Silvertown explosion on 19 January 1917 he formed one of the Squad on duty from 7.15pm to 8am on the second night of the disaster and for 5 nights subsequently for the like period each night, two of these being in succession. The work was carried out under most trying conditions in bitterly cold weather. Moreover for the first 3 nights there was no shelter of any kind. There was also the risk of further explosions. First Aid was rendered on a number of both major and minor casualties, and more than one life was saved by the work of the Squad on duty. 65 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Letters of appreciation of work done by the detachment were received from the Hon Arthur Stanley (Chairman of the Joint War Committee BRCS and Order of St John) and the late Lord Moulton of the Ministry of Munitions. 2 On the occasion of the Air Raid at Warrington Crescent, March 7, 1918, he was on duty at 2am and continued until 6pm the following evening. On subsequent days he was on duty for 6½ hours, 9 hours and 6 hours respectively. In additional to rendering First Aid and helping to remove debris, Sergeant Bosher was directly instrumental in helping to recover a Mrs Steiner who was buried under the debris, and who eventually recovered from her injuries and also in saving a Boy Scout from being buried alive by falling debris’, while his address is noted as 6 Milman Street, Kensall Rise. Further draft recommendations and discussion about the appropriateness of an award are retained in the files (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BOSTOCK, Lilian Ada, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. Interviewed by the Daily Mirror, Bostock: ‘declared that nothing too good could be said about telephone girls during this war. They had “carried on” through every raid. “When a warning is notified, we say ‘The Bang Boys are coming’. We treat the matter with humour, though it is no joke to be turned out of bed in the middle of the night to ‘lend a hand’ in the busy time that succeeds a raid”’ (9 January 1918, p.2). Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Bostock (who was noted as being from Finsbury) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). BOTTING, Frederick W, Fireman, Croydon Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. Botting is noted as serving as a fireman at South Norwood Station. See also the entry for John W Dane (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BOTTING, Herbert, 2310221 Signalman, Royal Corps of Signals LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) lists this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. BOUGOURD, William Robert, S/4502 S/Sgt (T/Sub-Condr) Royal Army Ordnance Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. PROVENANCE: Bougourd’s medal group, consisting of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division), unnamed as issued, Queen’s South Africa Medal, with clasps CC and SA02, officially impressed: ‘4502 Pte. W. Bougourd, AOC.’, 1914 Star with Aug-Nov bar: ‘S-4502 Sgt. W.R. Bougourd, AOC’, British War & Victory Medals: ‘S-4502 T.W.O. Cl 1., W. R. Bougourd, AOC’, MSM GVR: ‘S-4502 T. Sub-Condr W.R. Bougourd, AOC’, and Army LS&GC Medal, GVR: ‘S-4502 T.W.O. CL.I., W.R. Bougourd, RAOC.’, were sold by Status International, Sydney, sale 274, 29 January 2011, lot 5941, GVF/AEF, AU$1900. BOULTER, Olive, 3353 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/19. BOUND, Jesse LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of fires at an explosives factory in Canada’. BOWDEN, Alfred John LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. 66 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BOWER, Dorothy, 848 Forewoman Clk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BOWRING, Freda LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice as nurse; has frequently given skin for grafting on to patients’. BOYES, Anthony LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory’. BOYLE, Peter LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Boyle receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). BOYLE, Robert Alexander LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’, his address being given as c/o Mrs Dunbar, The Elms, Hemel Hempstead, Herts (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). BRADBURY, Arthur LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in dealing with fires in an explosives factory and remaining at work in a poisonous atmosphere in order to ensure the safety of plant’. BRADBURY, George Arthur LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire in an explosives factory at great personal risk’. BRADDICK, Alfred, Sub-Officer, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Abraham Robinson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BRADMAN, William Alfred LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of picric acid at very great personal risk during a fire’. BRADSHAW, Elizabeth, 20217 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the 8th Officer Cadet Battalion at Lichfield (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BRADY, Joseph Thomas, Inspector of Police LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice on the occasion of an explosion and fire at an explosives factory, entering the burning building and extricating the workers at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Langwith, near Mansfield, states: ‘Inspector Brady behaved with great courage at the fire on 20 November 1917 and at the Grinding House explosion on 20 March 1918 he entered the burning building at a very early stage of the disaster, at grave personal risk, and was instrumental in helping to remove the three unfortunate girl victims. Two of them lived for some time afterwards… There is no question 67 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE that the three officials above mentioned took a serious risk and their heroism deserves recognition’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323 and entries here for J Murdoch and J G Kirk). BRAGG, Harriet Margaret, 1023 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘…in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Bragg enrolled in the QMAAC in April 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the ‘Guards Regt, Windsor’, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for unfailing devotion to duty in trying circumstance and for her excellent example to and influence over other workers’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/20 (where her name is recorded as ‘H M E Bragg’). BRAMHALL, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. BRAMHALL, Martha LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in remaining continuously at a very dangerous task in spite of the occurrence of several explosions’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/22 (where her name is recorded as ‘Mrs Martha Bramhall’). The reverse of the photograph notes Bramhall was: ‘employed by Mr Alfred Smith, Excelsior Chemical Works, Clayton, Manchester’. BRANTIGAN, George Edward, 6446370 Pte, Royal Fusiliers LG (1 June 1921, p.4375): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. This award was to be dated 16 April 1921. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘At Headford Junction on 21 March 1921, when one of an ambushed party, [he] was three times wounded. Despite this, he continued to work his Vickers Gun for over an hour until relief came. His fire did much to save the day’. Unable to attend the ceremony with General Macready in Dublin on 12 July 1921, Brantigan received his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]; J P Kelleher The 1st Battalion Royal Fusiliers Ireland 19201922, London: Fusiliers Museum, 2003, p.10). BRATLEY, Samuel LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and resource in helping to extinguish a fire at a munitions factory at great personal risk’. BRAXTON, Frank, Station Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Southwark Street, London, SE, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. BRELSFORD, J H LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in assisting, though severely injured, to rescue fellow workers and to extinguish a fire that resulted in a very serious explosion’. The DNW catalogue of 29 June 2006 recorded that: ‘The following article appeared in the Oldham Evening Standard on 22 April 1918: “An oldhamer who distinguished himself by a plucky attempt to rescue his fellow workers on the occasion of the disastrous explosion at a munitions works in Ashton-under-Lyne, when many lives were lost, received a decoration for his gallantry on Saturday. He is Mr J H Brelsford, and he lives at 78 Fisher Street, in the town, and is at present employed at the Glen Mill. The award made to Mr Brelsford is that of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire and it was presented to him 68 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 on Saturday by the Lord Lieutenant of the County (Lord Shuttleworth) acting for HM the King. The presentation took place at Preston in the presence of a distinguished company. At the same time other medals - the Edward Medal, the King’s Police Medal, etc. - were also presented by his Lordship. Among those who witnessed the ceremony were the Mayor and Mayoress of Oldham (Councillor and Mrs Buckley) and the Mayor of Ashton”’. PROVENANCE: The Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Civil Division), privately engraved ‘J. H. Brelsford, April 20th 1918’, in its John Pinches fitted case of issue, together with a related Oldham & District Master Bakers’ & Confectioners’ Association Badge, silver-gilt and enamel, the reverse engraved, ‘J. H. Brelsford’, complete with neck cravat bearing a silver-gilt clasp engraved, ‘Past President 1934-1935’, in its Whittakers, Oldham fitted case of issue, and a portrait photograph of Brelsford in uniform, was sold at DNW on 29 June 2006, lot 879, GVF, £410 (hammer price). BRETHERTON, John LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. BRETT, Annie, 4377 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at No. 14 Fire Command RGA, Felixstowe (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BRETT, Charles Alfred, Carpenter LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For meritorious service under shell fire at Dunkirk’. BRETT, Kate May, 6247 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the 3rd Officers’ Cadet Battalion at Parkhurst (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BREWER, Henry Edward, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 7 July 1917. BREWER, William Edward, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BRIDGES, Elizabeth, 167,80 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the 5th Lancs Regiment at Warrington (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/23 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss E A Bridges’). BRIGHTWELL, John LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For great courage and resource on the occasion of a fire. He made several journeys up an iron ladder in his efforts to put out the fire, though his hands were badly burnt in doing so’. 69 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BRINKLEY, Edward, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty entailing work of a dangerous and trying character’. BRINSON, Annie, 15332 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Summerdown Camp at Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/24. BRISLEY, Alfred. Edward, Engineer, Broadstairs Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Benjamin Austin (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BRISLEY, Amelia LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage and high example in cases of explosion in a factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/25. BRISLEY, Marjorie Beryl, 20924 Member, Women’s Royal Air Force, Upton, Chester LG (3 June 1919, p.7035): ‘For gallant conduct and devotion to duty at Upton on the 17th December, 1918, in extricating one of the occupants from a crashed aeroplane, and assisting to remove the second man from the wreckage’. BRISTOWE, Edward LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of a fire and explosion at a munitions factory’. BRIXEY, John Charles, Special Constable, F Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 13 October 1918, a captive observation balloon which performed part of the aerial defences of London fell, out of control, upon a house in Kensington. S/C Brixey saw the balloon as it was falling, and hurried towards it. He succeeded in reaching the roof of the house, and by his promptitude and presence of mind in doing what he could towards securing the balloon, and by opening the gas valves, he minimised the consequences of the accident. It is apprehended that there was grave risk of an explosion being caused by heated chimneys. He afterwards remained until the arrival of a party of airmen, and assisted them; and displayed coolness and initiative in circumstances which were not only unusual in themselves, but involved considerable personal danger. Attested [on] 17 August 1914 and is still in service. Performed routine duties with great regularity. Commended by the Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis for stopping a pair of runaway horses (v. Staff Order No 350)’; Brixey’s address is noted as 31 Kenway Road, SW5 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). Subsequently, a photograph of Brixey with his chimney sweep’s barrow appeared in the Daily Mail (Saturday 23 April 1921) together with the following account: ‘A sweep at Earl’s Court has this inscription in yellow paint on his barrow: J Brixey, OBE, Chimney Sweep. He is exceedingly modest about it. “I got the honour for doing my duty – that’s all”, he told a Daily Mail reporter yesterday. “It was back in 1919, while I was on duty as a special constable. An observation balloon that had got loose from Queen’s Club, Fulham, came floating down Longridge Road, Earl’s Court, and the basket became wedged and fell into an area. The balloon itself rested on the roof of the house. I ran to the basket, and, having satisfied myself that no one was in it, I climbed by way of the roof of the next door house to where the gas bag lay. There I fumbled about till I found the small plugs which release the gas, and deflated the balloon. Then, with about 20 others, I helped to roll it up and get it down 70 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 to an Air Force’s lorry. I didn’t think any more of the affair till one day I received a letter telling me that I had been awarded the OBE and a little later I get the British Empire Medal”’. Unfortunately for Brixey, two readers wrote to the Home Secretary and Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood about the article and whether Brixey was entitled to use the post-nominal letters. Discussions at the Home Office resulted in a policeman being sent to see to Brixey and give him ‘a gentle hint’ that such usage was not authorised. Brixey agreed to remove the sign, while indicating that he thought such use had been permitted (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BROCKES, William, Fireman, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 20 May 1918 Motorman William Brockes, together with Supt E Atkinson, Fireman E Roberts and C Price, and Motorman E Hampshire, attended houses in Seventh Avenue, Manor Park on which bombs have been dropped, the raid still being in progress when they arrived. First-aid was rendered to four persons badly injured, the ambulance being sent for and these persons conveyed to the hospital by Motorman W Brockes of the East Ham Fire Brigade. Owing to the collapse of the buildings and to the fact that persons were reported missing, the above named Firemen had to continue throughout the night, working on the debris’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BROOKE, Emily LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For great courage shown at an outbreak of fire in an explosives factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, indexed incorrectly as ‘Brooks’, under reference DEC 6/26. BROOKE, John Warwick, Lieutenant, Intelligence Corps LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. Has carried on his work as official photographer in circumstances of great difficulty and danger’. A small picture of the recipient appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). Brooke had served as a Sergeant (number 606) in King Edward’s Horse and won the DCM (LG, 14 January 1916) before being commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Intelligence Corps. He received the 1914-15 Star trio for his World War One campaign services, these being issued to him in 1922 when he was working at the Topical Press Agency, Fleet Street, London. For a selection of his photographs see: http://digital.nls.uk/archive/ index.cfm. BROOKS, Ernest, Hon. Lieutenant LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. Has carried on his work as official photographer in circumstances of great difficulty and danger’ (Civil Division). The Daily Mirror noted the award and published a picture of Brooks (14 June 1918, p.1 and 2). Unhappily, Brooks subsequently appeared again in the LG (5 May 1925, p.3025), which noted that his award: ‘…which was gazetted on 3rd June, 1918, be cancelled and annulled, and his name erased from the Register’. See also J Carmichael First World War Photographers, London: Routledge, 1989. BROSNAN, William Joseph LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. BROWN, Alice Louisa, 6485 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/27 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Alice Louise Brown’). BROWN, Andrew LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For conspicuous courage in stopping a fire and giving the alarm, under circumstances of the gravest personal danger, after he had been injured by the explosion 71 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE and rendered unconscious’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Brown (who was noted as being from Poplar) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). BROWN, Annie Maria LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and presence of mind shown at an outbreak of fire in a munitions factory’. BROWN, Ann McLarty, 2087 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BROWN, Charles William, Acting Company Sergeant-Major, RE (IWT) LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Whilst in command of a War Department Tug showed great courage and perseverance in difficult and dangerous circumstances in rescuing a ship in distress’. BROWN, David Ross LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of munitions and materials of war in India’. PROVENANCE: Brown’s medal, with its case of issue, forms part of the Alan Seldon collection (2011). BROWN, Edwin LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in extinguishing a fire after an explosion in which he lost the sight of an eye, and enabling 600 of his fellow-workers to get clear’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). BROWN, Ethel LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/28 (where her name is recorded as ‘Mrs Ethel Brown’). BROWN, George LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. BROWN, George Alexander, Private, Expeditionary Force Canteens LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘While an air raid was in progress showed great presence of mind in removing wounded officers from a hut which had been wrecked by a bomb’. BROWN, Harry LG (8 January 1918, p.472): ‘For courage in working continuously under circumstances of very great danger’. BROWN, John Henry LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger. He repeatedly volunteered for dangerous work, and was seriously injured’. The original recommendation for the award noted the recipient was a process worker at the Castner-Kellner Alkali Co Ltd at Runcorn and describes how he: ‘Was employed as pipefitter on ‘H.S.’ Plant from the commencement, through the experimental stage to the manufacturing stage. In the working of the process, repairs were carried out by Brown under very dangerous conditions. He always volunteered to do any repairs however dangerous, in order to keep the process working. This often necessitated working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere. As a result of this he suffered from conjunctivitis and pharyngitis but refused to stay away on that account. He was finally very badly burnt on the hands and arms on 4 July and had to be removed 72 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 to the local hospital. His is still away from work’; his address is given as 22 Suffolk Street, Runcorn (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). BROWN, John William, Sub-Inspector, F Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This officer rendered especially distinguished service when in charge of the Pioneer Section, F Division, composed of men with knowledge of the building and allied trades, and equipped with a motor-lorry and tools. Mr Brown set a fine example to the men under him, and repeatedly showed courage, cheerfulness and devotion to duty extending over prolonged periods and notably on the following occasions: A. Air Raid in Titchborne St, W, on 5 September 1917. B. Air Raid at Anger Road, Chalk Farm, NW, on 5 September 1917. C. Air Raid at Warrington Crescent, W, on 7 March 1918. D. Air Raid at Carlton Vale, NW, on 20 May 1918. His work mainly consisted in minimising the risks of fire etc due to escapes of gas from burst mains; securing shattered buildings; searching for injured persons and extricating the dead from the ruins; and it involved much personal danger and self sacrifice. Attested [on] 14 December 1914, and is still in service. Performed routine and special duties with great regularity. Instructor in drill’; his address is noted as 19 St Lawrence Road, W10 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BROWN, Joseph Hector LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on work for the Australian Comforts Fund [attached to the 1st Australian Division] in forward areas with the Army in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For exceptionally meritorious service in connection with the comforts of the 1st Australian Division. Mr Brown has at all times been indefatigable in his endeavours to help the men by his organisation and personal supervision of the distribution of comforts to the troops. During the recent heavy fighting Mr Brown’s work in providing for the wants of the men and looking after their comforts has been excellent’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BROWN, Lydia, 9486 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Bristol (TNA ref: WO 162/65). BROWN, Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and high example in getting work started again under circumstances of considerable danger’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Brown (who was noted as being from Bethnal Green) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/29 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Mary Brown’). The reverse of the photograph notes the award as being for: ‘Courage and setting a high example in getting her fellows to work within a few minutes of the cessation of firing on the occasion of the daylight air raid on Saturday 7 July 1917 on which occasion her station was under fire from shrapnel’. BROWN, Phoebe, 33727 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at No. 8 Section, RAOC, at Colchester, a more specific draft noting that: ‘Miss Brown attended the last training course for Administrators and has been appointed Asst Admin. It is desired, however, to recommend her for her excellent work as F/wm’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 73 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BROWN, Ralph George, 6449708, Pte, Royal Fusiliers LG (1 June 1921, p.4375): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how he: ‘Was one of the survivors of the party of his regiment ambushed at Headford Junction on 21 March 1921. The entire party showed great courage and tenacity, but Private Brown was selected by the survivors for special recognition’. Unable to attend the ceremony with General Macready in Dublin on 12 July 1921, Brown received his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]). BROWN, William, Sapper, No. 2 Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raid’. BROWNLEE, Helen Jane, 2881 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BRUCE, Miss Maude, Forewoman LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The citation was reported in the Daily Mirror (Saturday, 25 August 1917, p.2) thus: ‘For admirable behaviour in charge of the women’s fire brigade at a fire at an explosive factory’ (see also the Weekly Irish Times, 1 September 1917, p.4). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/30. BRUNTON, J LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage in helping to remove large quantities of loaded fuses during a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, while explosions were taking place’. BRYANT, Edward James, Superintendent, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for Samuel Walter Stiff (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). BRYANT, William LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in preventing further serious explosion in a filling factory, at very great personal risk’. BUCHAN, James, D.A.4745 2nd Hand, RNR LG (17 March 1919, p.3590): ‘In recognition of their services in rescuing survivors from a torpedoed steamship’. The Medal was presented to Buchan through the SNO at Fraserburgh on 29 September 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). BUCKLEY, John LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and self -sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. BULL, George, Chief of Factory Fire Brigade LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage on several occasions involving risk to his life, and particularly in extinguishing fire arising out of an explosion’. BULLEN, Robert Bertie, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being 74 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 for rescue work at Ilderton Road, Rotherhithe New Road, London, SE, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. BULLIONS, Annie Dorothy Scott, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during aid raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, indexed as ‘Mrs A Cowan’ under reference DEC 6/61. The reverse of this picture notes the date of award as 14 June 1918 and states it was awarded: ‘For displaying great courage and devotion to duty as a telephonist at Greenwich Telephone Exchange during air raids and the explosion at Silvertown’. A small picture of the recipient (noted as ‘now Mrs Cowan’) appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). BULLOUGH, Samuel LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as Torr Vale House, New Mills, near Stockport (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). BUNYAN, Elspeth Lawson, 2726 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BURCH, Arthur LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For great courage in saving the life of a fellow-worker who was overcome by poisonous fumes’. BURDETTCOUTTS, Margaret Winifred LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in that, after losing a finger and badly lacerating her hand in a circular saw, she went away quietly to have it treated, in order not to unnerve her fellow-workers’. BURLAND, Dorothy Mary, 549 Act Asst Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/32. The reverse of the photograph notes Burland served in France 29 May 1917 to 9 October 1919 and was MID on 8 November 1918. PROVENANCE: Burland’s group, consisting of the BEM (unnamed), British War and Victory Medals with MID oak leaf, are in a private UK collection. BURLEY, George, Station Sergeant, St Peter’s Port Police Force LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous zeal and devotion to duty in carrying out special work arising out of war conditions’. BURN, Stanley J LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Charge Chemists employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth]. These men were repeatedly burnt and gassed. By their devotion to duty they set a fine example to their subordinates’; his address being given as Dunelm, Cheadle Hulme, Chester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). BURNETT, Elisabeth Saxton, 2534 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. 75 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BURRELL, Marion, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/33. BURT, Elsie May, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed exceptional courage and devotion to duty at a dangerous position during air raids and bombardment’. BURT, Richard, Superintendent, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous ability and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’. Burt is then specified as: ‘present at practically all the large air-raid fires in the centre of London, showing conspicuous ability in dealing with such fires, and was present at the fire in Pentonville Road when bombs were dropped from enemy aircraft in close proximity, one fireman actually being injured by a fragment of a bomb’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. BURTON, Frank, Sapper, 1st London Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raids’. BURTON, James LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For great courage in rescuing workers from burning explosives shops, at great personal risk’. BURTON, Robert Montague, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. PROVENANCE: Burton’s medal, together with his son’s medals, was in the Alan Seldon collection until 23 September 2010, when they were stolen in a burglary. BURWOOD, Warwick Courteney, Charge-Hand of Smiths’ Shop LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and exemplary conduct on the occasion of an air raid’. BURY, F W, 340307 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). BUSBY, Louisa LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in returning to work after an accident resulting in loss of right hand and other injuries’. BUSH, Nellie Dorothy, 6960 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Barry Dock (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 76 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BUSUTTIL, Emmanuele, Assistant Fitter, Malta Dockyard LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For meritorious service performed in one of HM ships while in action’. BUTLER, Edith LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage, resource, and high example. Has saved the lives of at least two workers, and has displayed exceptional skill and courage in several serious accidents’. BUTLER, Gertrude Elizabeth LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and high example in continuing at her work during a fire, under circumstances of great danger’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/34. The reverse of the photograph notes Butler’s address as 48 Bridge Terrace, Newtown Road, Hereford, and that the award was: ‘For remaining at triangle nearest to the scene of the fire on the night of 16 August at UFF 14, and continuing to sound the alarm until all workers were clear’. BUTLER, Gordon Ramsey LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’, his address being given as 146 Hither Green Lane, Lewisham, London, SE (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). BUTT, Florence Caroline, 284 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/36. BUTT, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. BYERS, Mary Jane, 2664 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. BYERS, Thomas W LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage, self-sacrifice, and high example to his fellow-workers in continuing at very hazardous work at an explosives factory in Canada’. 77 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Top Left: Forewoman Clerk Bertha Bentley, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps Top Right: Emily Brooke Bottom Left: Acting Assistant Forewoman Dorothy Mary Burland, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps 78 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Top Right: Telephone Supervisor Ada Elizabeth Carpenter Bottom Right: Senior Writer Edith Florence Coleman, Women’s Royal Naval Service Bottom Left: Lily Cope, Factory Nursing Staff 79 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE C CADDY, Metford James, 12881 Sgt (A/S-M), Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. CAIRNS, James LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of fires at an explosives factory in Canada’. CALROW, Grace LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage and devotion to duty at a fire at a filling factory, when she was on duty continuously for forty-eight hours in circumstances of very great danger’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory, at which Carlow was a factory motor-car driver. The recommendation states: ‘Grace Calrow, the driver of a factor motor car, who was continuously driving in and about the danger zone with various officials and bringing up food for firemen and others. She remained on duty three full days and two full nights; during the earlier stages of the fire she was in considerable danger, and throughout the whole time behaved with great courage, coolness and resolution’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). CAMERON, John Findlay LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. CAMERON, Peter LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. CAMILLERI, Carmelo, Assistant Fitter, Malta Dockyard LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For meritorious service performed in one of HM ships while in action’. CAMP, Arthur George LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. CAMPBELL, Duncan, Farmer and Coastwatcher LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘For courage in rescuing a man from a torpedoed vessel who had climbed into an extremely perilous position on the face of a cliff’. CAMPBELL, George Patrick, Carpenter, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft, in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. CAMPBELL, John Joseph, 60156 Pte (A/Sgt), South Lancashire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. CAMPBELL, John Richard LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on work for the Australian Comforts Fund in forward areas with the Army in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Mr Campbell has been, since May 1916, Divisional Representative of the Aust[ralian] Comforts Fund with the 5th Aust[ralian] Division. During the 80 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 whole time he has been attached to that Division he has rendered most valuable service in connection with the welfare of the troops. He has organised and controlled soup kitchens near the front line. His work during the last winter in this respect was specially meritorious. He has arranged for the free distribution of Tommy cookers, stoves, socks, etc, to the troops. He has also been most helpful in providing materials such as cinemas for the troops. He has been in charge of Comforts Fund huts and dugouts close to the front line during operations’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CAMPBELL, John Wilson LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. CAMPBELL, Joseph, Skilled Workman LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed great zeal and courage in carrying out telegraph work under dangerous conditions’. CAMPBELL, Neil, 2nd Mate, Mercantile Marine LG (1 January 1919, p.113): ‘For services in connection with the war’. Campbell was discharged dead on 21 February 1919 from HM Tug Sonia and the Medal was presented to his mother, Mrs McKay Campbell, Greenock, through the OC Irish Sea Area on 9 February 1920 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). Neil Campbell is buried in Kilbrandon Old Churchyard. CANNON, Arthur LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in rendering first aid to the injured during an air raid’. CANNON, Gertrude Annie, 22349 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Harrawby Camp at Grantham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). Two portrait photographs of this recipient are preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/38-9 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss G D Cannon’). CANTRILL, Herbert Roger, 4850180 Lance-Corporal, Leicestershire Regiment LG (18 February 1921, p.1361): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (Military Division). The general recommendation, from Brigadier-General T S Lambert, for this award is printed in Record of the Rebellion in Ireland 1920-21… (1922) as part of the report of an IRA ambush on a motor boat patrol near Lough Ree on Sunday 17 October 1920. A party of 16 officers and men from Athlone Barracks had been searching various islands in Lough Ree, on the River Shannon, for arms without success. On the return journey at about 4pm when they were in a motor boat opposite the Athlone Yacht Club Hut they were fired on by a party estimated at around 150 men who were hidden onshore some 150-200 yards away. Sustaining four casualties, the boat itself being hit about 40 times, the troops eventually managed to reach safety and it was noted that Cantrill: ‘…gave much help and kept his head well’ and ‘showed utter disregard for himself’. Missing the investiture in Dublin on 21 March 1921, Cantrill was informally presented with his medal on 8 April 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume I, p.60, and volume IV, pp.99-100 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]; DNW catalogue dated 23 September 2005, lot 375). PROVENANCE: Cantrill’s medal, privately engraved ‘4850180 L./Cpl. R. Cantrill, Leic. Rgt.’, was sold at DNW on 23 September 2005, lot 375, NEF, £500 (hammer price). CAPLE, Jane, 17124 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Cavalry Barracks at York (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/40. 81 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE CARDO, Richard LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and resource shown on several occasions under circumstances of great personal danger’. CAREY, William James, 37883 S/Sgt (T/S-M) Royal Garrison Artillery LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. The award was to be dated 3 June 1919. PROVENANCE: Carey’s group of seven medals, consisting of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, (unnamed as issued); 1914 Star (37883 SJT.W.J.CAREY. R.G.A.); British War Medal; Victory Medal with Oak Leaf (both as T.W.O.CL.1., R.A.); Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, GV 1st type (1408052 T.W.O.CL.1., R.G.A.); Meritorious Service Medal, GV (37883 T.S.MJR:A.C. W.J.CAREY. CLERKS’ SEC: R.A.); Medaille d’Honneur avec Glaives [en Argent] (France), (unnamed as issued), was in a private Australian collection 1993-94. (Carey had been twice MID, LG 9 April 1917 and 7 November 1917; his MSM was announced in the LG 17 June 1918; and his French Medaille d’Honneur was announced in the LG 15 December 1919). CAREY, Willie Frederick, Cable Hand, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For good work on cable ships and small craft in dangerous waters’. CARLISLE, Frederick George, Sergeant, L Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Sergeant Carlisle has at all times shown great courage and bravery. [On] September 3 1917 a bomb was dropped in Marcia Road during an air raid. He proceeded to the spot alone, and at the first house found a man quite dead on the doorstep. He proceeded to 18 Marcia Road and found a man badly injured in both legs and bleeding profusely. He rendered First Aid and then obtained a stretcher and conveyed the sufferer to the hospital. Previous to this bomb being dropped he was the means of finding shelter for 300 people in the basement of Dover Buildings. Sergeant Carlisle was first on the spot when the bomb dropped. During the whole of the time there was very heavy barrage but he did not hesitate for one moment to do his duty’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CARLTON, Louisa Margaret, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids and bombardment from the sea’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/41 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). CAROLAN, Annie Teresa, 2976 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Carolan enrolled in the QMAAC on 21 August 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while a shorthand typist, submitted while based at 689 Employment Company, City Road, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘An excellent worker, with several months overseas service, whose character and general conduct have made her universally respected. She has an exceedingly good influence on other workers’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). CARPENTER, Ada Elizabeth, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/43. CARR, C L LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. 82 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 CARR, Charles Henry, DM2/138510 Pte (A/Mech S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. CARR, Edith, 7922 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Carr enrolled in the QMAAC on 15 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at 14 Stratton Street, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘A most satisfactory and helpful member, who has done excellent work, and is strongly recommended by her CO’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/42. CARRUTHERS, John Dudley, Sergeant, RE (Inland Water Transport) LG (11 June 1918, p.6894): ‘As master of a deep sea tug displayed zeal, courage, and loyalty in the performance of duties of an arduous and dangerous nature’. He was subsequently recorded as a late Company Quarter-Master-Sergeant, Royal Engineers, in the LG (26 March 1920, p.3670), which noted that his award: ‘…which was gazetted on 3rd June, 1918 be cancelled and annulled, and his name erased from the Register, he having been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment with hard labour by Civil Power’. Despite the medal having been a civil division award and thus within the domain of the Home Office, the War Office sought the recovery of the medal itself. Considerable publicity was aroused by the case and the Home Office were of the view Carruthers should have been allowed to retain his medal. In reviewing the circumstances the Home Office summarised Carruthers’ case thus: ‘He is 38 and was first convicted in 1902 at the age of 21. From that date till 1909, when he got 3 years P[enal] S[ervitude], he was 7 times convicted of theft. He came out of PS in April 1911 and does not seem to have been convicted again till the present conviction. He joined the RE (IWT) early in 1915, became QMS, and served in charge of tugs until November 1918 when he deserted. In July 1919 he entered the employment of the Lawson Stream Tug Company as master of a tug. At this time there was scarcity of men, but in October 1919 there were Union men out of work and a delegate of the Union came to the Company and insisted on their employing Union men. Carruthers was then discharged. He was convicted on 13 January 1920 of obtaining £40 by false pretences. This particular offence was committed on 24 October after his discharge at the instance of the Union; and he also admitted 5 similar offences for sums varying from £20 to £62 between that date and 1 December. If this were all, it would support his pleas that he was driven by the action of the Union; but it appears from the police evidence that in 1917-18 while he was still serving in the RE (IWT) he committed 3 or 4 small offences – obtaining money improperly in connection with the RE tugs he was master of’. The Home Office, while not seeking to reverse the War Office’s action with which they disagreed, remained open to restoring the medal ‘if he retrieves himself after he comes out of prison’ (TNA ref: HO 144/1550/197156). CARSON, Andrew, 129251 Gunner, RGA LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the war’ (Military Division). CARSWELL, Frances Mabel, 7712 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Carswell enrolled in the QMAAC on 29 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, to Carswell, a ledger clerk, submitted while she was based at 14 Stratton Street. A more specific draft noted that: ‘This member is recommended for the exceptionally meritorious performance of her duties, which have been very varied and often arduous’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). CARTER, Miss Mavis, Chief Section Leader, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Carter by the officer in charge of recruiting at Birmingham on 12 November 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s 83 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/44 (where her name is recorded as ‘Mavis Heveningham Carter’). CARTER, Robert Gordon LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on YMCA work in forward areas with the Army in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For the period March 1918 to 31 August 1918 Mr Carter has been of the greatest assistance in adding to the comfort of units for the 6th Australian Infantry Brigade whilst in the forward area. During every tour of duty of the Brigade in the front line, he has set up, under shell fire, a stall and issued free drinks and food to the men. At Warneton in March 1918 he visited the outpost line several times and distributed cigarettes and matches to the garrisons. Again in the Millencourt Sector on 29 April he made two trips to the front line; on 6 June [he] visited the troops in the support line and distributed comforts to the troops in the vicinity; on 4 August [he] visited the support line near Villers Bretonneux with cigarettes and biscuits; and on 31 August near Clery went as far forward as Plevna Trench on Mont St Quentin and distributed comforts to the men. All these visits were made under fire and at Villers Bretonneux and Clery he continued his work under very heavy shell fire. His work has been most valuable and his self sacrifice and personal courage of a very high order’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CARTER, Samuel LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a chemist and three workers who were overcome by fumes in an explosives factory’. CARTWRIGHT, Walter LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For prompt and courageous action in helping to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory, at grave personal risk, thereby preventing very serious damage’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Devotion to duty and action during the fire on 2 October 1918 on the top of the still of P.S. [at Messrs Sneyd Bycars & Co, Ltd, Burslem]. Owing to their action a large Picric store was saved at great personal risk’; his address being given as 4 Leek Road, Buxton (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). CASS, Florence Marie, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty while in charge of a telephone exchange during a serious explosion at a neighbouring munition works’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Cass (who was noted as being from Lewisham) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/45. CASTLE, William Walter, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition dump’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171, which notes the recipient as ‘Castel’). CATES, Daisy Laundrymore, 1903 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. CATON, John, Boiler Attendant, Power House LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Remained on duty the whole time during a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory in spite of great danger’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory, during which Caton was one: ‘of the very few men who remained on duty the whole night. They stuck to their job of working down the steam pressure and of drawing the fires from the boilers. They did not leave the factory until after 8am’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). 84 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 CATT, Evelyn, 6785 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Catt enrolled in the QMAAC on 25 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, as a shorthand typist, submitted while based at 14 Stratton Street, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member’s conduct and work have always been most exemplary both at her work and in the Hostel’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/46. CATTERALL, Albert Stephen, Principal Foreman, Army Ordnance Department LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage in removing inflammable material from a burning shed on the occasion of a fire in a shell-filling factory’. CAUNCE, Margaret LG (15 January 1919, p.802): ‘For courage and high example. Although herself injured and burnt on the occasion of an explosion at a filling factory, she remained at her post and extinguished the burning clothing of another worker’. CAVELL, William Benjamin LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. CHAMBERLAIN, Alexander, Shift Engineer, Power House LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a very serious fire and explosion at a munition factory’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory. In the subsequent inquiry, Chamberlain gave the following statement: ‘Alexander Chamberlain, of 210 Lancaster Road, Morecambe, in charge of the Power Station states: On the night of October 1st my attention was first drawn to the fire whilst I was down at the Engineers Shop, at approximately 10.30[pm]. Then I immediately went up to the Power Station, warned my boiler fireman to stand by and ease down their steam, and gave them instructions about the shutting off of the coal feed supply in order to get the steam down quickly. Then I went over to the Fire Pump station to see that all the necessary arrangements were made, and when I got there one electric pump had already started to work, but on passing the fire station I asked a man there if he knew where the fire was, and I helped him to make the necessary arrangements in the Fire Pump Station so that the suction and delivery valves were open and a sufficient supply of petrol [was] in the tank for the petrol pump. I brought a man over with me and found two electricians there, so that there was pretty good staff. I went back to the turbine room to the telephone and tried to ring up the exchange but I got no response. This would be about 10.45[pm] approximately. It was my intention after that to give the fire alarm on my own, but just as I got there the first heavy explosion occurred which threw out the breakers and stopped the turbine. I immediately went there and tried to get the turbine started again on account of the electric pump in the Fire Station and the hydrant lights. I failed to get this started, could not start it again because the explosion had brought down a good deal of glass and this had probably dropped on delicate parts of the machine possibly putting them out of action. The power was not stopped by my order. I then took steps to shut off the coal feed. We shut off the feed and pumped up the boilers with water to reduce the pressure so that anything occurring we should have less escape, as, for instance, if a shell should hit the boiler. I had no reason to complain of anything wrong with the machinery. I ought, of course, to have been informed in the engine room that there was a fire, but I did not know until I found out for myself. I was not warned. As a result the hooter was not sounded according to order, though I was going there to sound the hooter when the first explosion threw out the breakers and flung us in darkness, and then my first thought was to get the turbines restarted. There was one man just outside the telephone box, who was under orders not to leave the place until he was relieved. The alarm comes by telephone, and we take the necessary steps. Had the telephone alarm been given, it would certainly have been heard. There are a number of men always 85 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE on duty in the power station and would have been certain to hear the telephone call had it been given’. The recommendation states: ‘A Chamberlain, G Hutchinson, W Heald, Chief Engineer, boiler attendant and feed pump attendant in the boiler house, who remained on duty the whole time. If these men had not stuck to their work the boilers would have burst. If a shell had hit the boilers, they would in all probability have been scalded to death. A roof over the building was destroyed’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). CHAMBERLAIN, Rosie, 15960 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the 2nd RFA School at Exeter (TNA ref: WO 162/65). CHAMBERS, Elizabeth, 14782 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Wrexham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). CHAMBERS, Sydney LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For great courage in rescuing workers from burning explosives shops at great personal risk’. CHANDLER, C LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. CHANDLER, William Edward, Skilled Labourer, HM Dockyard, Portsmouth LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while employed on one of H.M. ships overseas’. The award was noted on 12 May 1920 by the Home Office as a probable Military Division award and was as such to be considered by the Admiralty (TNA ref: HO 180/6). CHANNON, Percival Joseph LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although, repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as HM Factory, Pembrey (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). CHAPLIN, G LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. CHAPMAN, Gertrude LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage in helping to subdue a serious fire at a filling factory’. See Minnie Balkan for further details. PROVENANCE: A BEM (Civil Division), unnamed, in damaged case of issue, together with ‘original letters’ attributing the medal to Chapman, was sold by Glendining’s on 4 July 1996, lot 173 (with two unrelated OBEs). CHAPMAN, Joseph Steery LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. CHARLESWORTH, Albert LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on YMCA work in forward areas with the Army [attached to the 1st Australian Division] in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Throughout the whole year and especially during the recent heavy fighting Mr Charlesworth as YMCA Representative with this 86 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Division, has shown indefatigable energy with his preparations for the comforts of the troops. When the Division was in the line his stalls were always to be found well up in the forward area and in these he personally superintended the distribution of hot drinks, cigarettes, etc, to all who went in and out of the line. Out of the line his efforts in providing entertainments for the troops have earned the appreciation of all ranks’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PROVENANCE: What appears to have been this man’s medal, unnamed as issued, was sold on ebay in about July 2008, the WWI medals to ‘G.A. Charlesworth, 9774 J.R.A. R.N.’, a probable relative, also being auctioned by the same seller at this time (ref: http://1914-1918.invasionzone.com/forums). CHAYTOR, Herbert Stanley LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Chaytor receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). Chaytor has previously received the Order of St John Lifesaving Medal in bronze for his work with the Royal Irish Automobile Club’s Ambulance Service during the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin, under the general citation: ‘For great gallantry during the Sinn Fein rising from 25 April to 10 May 1916 in Dublin’ (see Willoughby, forthcoming, for further details). CHESTER, Eveline, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. CHESTER, Evelyn, 16418 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. CHETWYND, Rev. The Hon. Walter James Bosville LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. He was injured in the head by a serious explosion in a filling factory, but, without waiting to have his wound dressed, proceeded to organise the work of rescue, continuing at it all through the night’. CHILD, Harry Robert, Deputy Inspector, Y Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Rendered valuable assistance in recovering bodies buried in debris, the result of [a] bomb dropped at the corner of Weller’s Court, St Pancras, during the Air Raid on 7 July 1917 (Commended in Staff Order 347). [During the] Air raid of 28 January 1918 a bomb fell in Agincourt House, Ossulton Street, Phoenix Street. Child climbed a badly damaged stone staircase, which was expected to collapse at any moment, and administered First Aid to some women and children, getting them safely away. [In the] Air Raid of 17 February 1918 [at] St Pancras Station, [Child] with Dr Starkie gave invaluable assistance to the wounded, running great risks from falling glass, etc. (Commended by the Chief Staff Officer and Chief Commissioner, also by Coroner at Inquest)’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CHORLEY, William Frank LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Chorley (who was noted as being from Camberwell) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). CHUCKERBUTTY, Lotindra Nath LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. 87 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE CHURCHILL, Frederick, Schoolkeeper LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage, and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when he averted panic among a large number of persons who had taken refuge in the school’. CLAPTON, Frances, 7414 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). CLARK, Herbert Henry LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For devotion, to duty and courage in performing dangerous work in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CLARK, W S LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in an poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’, his address being given as 47 Winton Road, Customs House, London (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). CLARKE, Alec Bernard LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory. He remained in a badly damaged building, shutting off steam valves and drawing the fires’. CLARKE, Alexandria, 10457 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at ‘Kinmel Park, 49 OC , ASC’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). CLARKE, Alice Constance, 2050 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. CLARKE, Annie LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in keeping workers together under circumstances of great danger’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Clarke (who was noted as being from Stepney) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). CLARKE, Mabel Eleanor, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Clarke (who was noted as being from Poplar) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A possible portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/48 (where her name is recorded as ‘E Clarke’). CLARKE, W LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. CLELLAND, Alexander LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and resource under circumstances of great danger’. 88 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 CLEMENTS, Florence, 8997 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Command Depot, Shoreham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/49 (where her name is recorded as ‘F M Clement’). CLOUGH, Jesse LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For courage in carrying out very dangerous work in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On several instances these men, at considerable personal danger, carried out essential work in relieving H.S. run off pipes plugged with sulphur [at Messrs Levinstein Ltd, Blackley, Manchester]’; his address being given as 131 Slack Road, Blackley, Manchester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). CLOUGH, Joan Welcome LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage on the occasion of a serious explosion in a filling factory. Although injured herself, she worked in the Red Cross station until all the other cases had been dealt with’. CLUBB, William George LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage in helping to extinguish a fire at a munitions factory’. CLUTTERBUCK, P, 146474 Acting Lance-Corporal LG (7 July 1920, p.7303): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COATES, Harry Bellamy LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For great courage and resource in dealing with a very difficult situation, thereby preventing what might have been a very disastrous explosion’. The covering letter for the recommendation for the award states: ‘The first two recommendations [Coates, a Shift Chemist in the N/G Section at HM Factory at Gretna, and Alfred Wright] are made in respect of the behaviour of the two men at an occurrence in the Nitrating House, Hill 4, on 4 March last, a full account of which was transmitted to you in my letter 3a/175/E of 14 March 1918, marked for the attention of Mr Leighton, but I append to this letter a summary of the action upon which these recommendations are based’, though the enclosures referred to have not been located (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). COATES, William, Sergeant-Major, Expeditionary Force Canteens LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while carrying on canteen work under shell fire’. COCHRANE, David LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous service in performing highly dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COCKBURN, Margaret, 14867 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at No. 22 Camp at Ripon (TNA ref: WO 162/65). CODMAN, Sydney Bert, 3057 Trooper, 1st Life Guards LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage at a fire caused by an air raid. He picked up a burning incendiary bomb and placed it in a bucket of water’. The award was approved by the Home Office 89 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE on 22 April 1918 (TNA ref: HO 180/6). A small picture of Codman appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). He received the British War and Victory Medals for his World War One service. COE, Tom LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For conspicuous courage at a fire at an explosives factory. At great personal risk he succeeded, with another man, in rescuing a fellow-worker, although he was twice knocked down by the force of the explosion’. The DNW catalogue of 6 July 2004 notes that: ‘Tom Coe, of Brighouse, North Yorkshire, won his award on the occasion of the explosion at Messrs Sharp & Mallett’s Works at Copley on 22 December 1917. Coe immediately ordered the turning on of all the sprinklers, and there is no doubt that this action prevented large quantities of the high explosives blowing up. There was a woman working in one of the large drying stoves, and, at great personal risk to their own lives, Coe and a workman named William Derricut, entered the stove and with great difficulty managed to get the unfortunate woman away, but before doing so Coe was blown off his feet and when part of the roof of the stove fell in it was only by a miracle that he was not buried. Although the woman was in a state of collapse, having been badly burned, Coe and Derricut got her to the ambulance and she was at once conveyed to the Halifax Infirmary, but succumbed to her injuries three weeks afterwards. As soon as Coe had finished this exploit he ran for a hosepipe and was instrumental in saving large quantities of picric acid which would most certainly have exploded if it had been left in its dry state. Coe was badly bruised and his clothes torn and burnt, but he sustained no harm of a serious nature and was alright again in about a month’s time’. A small picture of the recipient appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). PROVENANCE: Coe’s medal, unnamed as issued in its John Pinches, London, presentation case, the lid embossed ‘O.B.E. Medal’, together with a letter of reference from The North East Chemical Co. Ltd, dated 23 May 1917, a letter of congratulations from the Ministry of Munitions of War, dated 2 February 1918, a letter from the Clerk of the Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding (The Earl of Harewood) concerning the presentation of the OBE Medal, dated 21 December 1918, and contemporary news cuttings with portraits and full details of the incident, were sold at DNW on 6 July 2004, lot 878, GVF, £390 (hammer price). COLE, Richard Horace, Cable Hand, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For good work on cable ships and small craft in dangerous waters’. COLEMAN, Miss Edith Florence, Senior Writer, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Coleman by the SNO at Grimsby on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/51. The reverse of the photograph notes the award as being: ‘for 2½ years service on Secret Branch of the Navy at Royal Naval Depot’. COLEMAN, Frederick Ambrose, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). COLEMAN, Kate Elizabeth, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. COLES, Mrs Gertrude LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in returning to work after her hand had been mutilated by an explosion’. The Daily Mirror published a small picture of her (1 May 1918, p.8). COLES, William LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For great courage and presence of mind in preventing a dangerous accident from a runaway truck’. 90 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 COLLARD, Emma Rose, 7607 Housemaid, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, quoting the recipient’s name as ‘Emma Rosa [sic] Collard’, submitted while based at the 4th Royal West [Kent] Regiment, Tunbridge Wells (TNA ref: WO 162/65). COLLEDGE, S, 130313 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COLLEY, Ellen, 34926 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Colley enrolled on 10 January 1918 serving in the Women’s Legion and then QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at No. 4, Netley (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/52 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). COLLINGS, William, Charge Man LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For meritorious performance of very responsible and trying duties’. COLLINS, Ernest William, S/26897 Sgt (T/S/QMS) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. COLLINS, John, Sub-Inspector, V Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘[Collins] did fine and brave service at an Air Raid at Battersea, in removing wounded persons from wrecked premises and taking same to Hospital; [he] attended every Air Raid on motor service and always displayed calm courage and resource. His services frequently were placed by me at the disposal of the Regular Police of the Division and were highly appreciated’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COMELEY, Maud Edwina, 1622 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/53 (where her name is recorded as ‘Maude Edwina Comley’). PROVENANCE: Comley’s medal, privately engraved ‘M. E. Comley for valuable services in France 1917-1918’, was sold by Blandford Auction Rooms, 2005. CONNAGHTON, Mrs Sarah LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage and devotion in rendering aid to wounded persons under fire’. CONRAD, Theodore, Quartermaster, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For good work on cable ships and small craft in dangerous waters’. CONROY, Charles F J, Section Leader, County of London Branch, British Red Cross Society LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work on the occasion of the Silvertown explosion and of an air raid’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the occasion of the Silvertown explosion January 1917, [he] was on several all night duties 91 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE rendering First Aid. The work was carried out under very dangerous conditions without shelter of any kind for the first three nights. There was also risk of further explosions. During the] Air Raid at Warrington Crescent, 7 March 1918, [he] was on duty from 2am to 6pm on subsequent days for 6, 7 and 9 hours’, while his address is noted as 134 Ravensbury Road, Southfields, SW. Further draft recommendations and discussion about the appropriateness of an award are retained in the files (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COOK, Alfred Nathan LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For high example and courage in connection with specially dangerous work at a National Filling Factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COOK, Dorothy Fricker, 41902 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. COOKSEY, T B LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. COOLE, Mabel Edith, 675 Act Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/54. COONEY, Mrs A LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage and resource shown while working in very dangerous circumstances’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Process Charge Hand. In charge of shell filling under very trying conditions until efficient plant was installed [at HM Factory at Middlewich]. On several occasions prevented panic by promptly dealing with leaking shells at considerable risk to themselves’; her address being given as Orchard Street, Willaston, Nantwich (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). COOPER, Edwin Charles, 5609857, Cpl, Devonshire Regiment LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The circumstances leading to Cooper’s award – which appears to have been for bravery in Ireland – were being investigated in July 1921 and Cooper was not to be presented with his medal until the enquiry was concluded. He thus missed the 12 July 1921 presentation in Dublin. He subsequently also missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922, having been posted to the Regimental Depot in Devon (TNA ref: WO 35/181). COOPER, Walter Thomas, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous, courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at 65 Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. COPE, Lily, Factory Nursing Staff LG (14 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Behaved with great courage on the occasion of a severe fire and explosion at a national [munitions] filling factory, performing her duties quietly and without regard to personal safety’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory (see TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference 92 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DEC 6/55. The reverse of the photograph notes that Cope was: ‘Night Charge Nurse of Ambulance Room in a filling factory, when [a] serious fire and explosion broke out, stayed with injured man for 6½ hours in factory grounds, and later got him removed to Lancaster Infirmary’. PROVENANCE: Cope’s Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Civil Division), unnamed, in John Pinches, London, case of issue, together with her testimonial scroll from The Society for the Protection of Life from Fire, dated 13 February 1919, to: ‘Nurse Lily Cope, of the Factory Nursing Staff, in recognition of her courageous and resourceful conduct in assisting to rescue William Topping on the occasion of the Fire and Explosion at the National Filling Factory, Morcambe, on the 1st October, 1917’, the latter awarded as SPLF case 15570, was part of the Colonel David Riddick collection and was sold at DNW on 6 December 2006, lot 109, EF, £780 (hammer price). COPLAND, Lawrence, Sergeant-Major, G L (IWT) LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘As master of a deep sea tug displayed zeal, courage, and loyalty in the performance of duties of an arduous and dangerous nature’. COPLIN, Frederick James, S/20039 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for services at the HQ, in North Russia, was to be dated 11 November 1919. The DNW catalogue of 9 December 1999 notes: ‘Frederick James Coplin was born on 21 October 1884, and served in the ranks for 13 years 75 days, and as a Warrant Officer for 13 years 155 days. He was commissioned Lieutenant & Quarter-Master on 9 July 1929, and became Captain on 9 July 1937, retired [sic]. He was recalled in 1939 with the rank of Major, RASC. Coplin served as General Rawlinson’s chief clerk and confidential secretary throughout the war, and afterwards in North Russia and India. He was awarded the only OBE Medal for North Russia and went to India in 1920 with General Rawlinson, Commander-in-Chief, as his personal assistant. The lot is sold with some original documentation, including the original recommendation for the French Medal of Honour, Statement of Services, and correspondence from Rawlinson (from North Russia and India) recommending Coplin to a Commission: ‘This NCO came with me to France in October 1914, and has been with me ever since. During the past seven years, in addition to my confidential work, he has discharged the following duties: General Staff Clerk, HQ IV Corps; Supt. Clerk, General Staff, HQ Fourth Army; Confidential Clerk, Supreme War Council; Supt. Clerk, General Staff, British Army on the Rhine; Supt. Clerk, GHQ North Russia; Supt. Clerk, AMS Office, Aldershot Command; Personal Assistant to HE C-in-C in India, (present). I have, previous to this, submitted to the War Office two applications for this NCO’s appointment to a Head Clerkship, with the rank of Lieutenant & Quartermaster, in view of his exceptionally good services during the war, (1) at the conclusion of the Armistice, and (2) on my return from North Russia in October 1919, but nothing further has been heard of these recommendations. I selected this NCO to accompany me to India, and he is now employed as my personal assistant, etc. etc.’…MBE LG 3 June 1925; OBE Medal LG 23 January 1920 (HQ, North Russia) - a unique award for North Russia; MSM LG 11 November 1916; MID LG 1 January 1916, 4 January 1917, and 25 May 1918; French Medaille d’Honneur, recommendation dated 3 September 1918: ‘For continuous good work in the General Staff office of the IV Corps and the Fourth Army since November 1914. This warrant officer has shown great powers of organisation and tact, and his zeal and energy have materially assisted to the success of the Staff work in the battles of LOOS, the SOMME 1917, and in front of AMIENS in 1918. His services throughout have fully merited special reward.’’ PROVENANCE: Coplin’s unique group of medals, consisting of the Order of the British Empire, MBE (Military Division) 1st type, Africa General Service 1902-56, 1 clasp, Somaliland 1908-10 (20039 2/Cpl., ASC), 1914 Star with clasp (S-20039 Sgt., ASC), British War and Victory Medals, with M.I.D. oak leaf (S-20039 T.W.O.Cl.1., ASC), India General Service 1908-35, 1 clasp, Waziristan 1921-24 (S-772 S-S-Maj., RASC), Jubilee 1935, Coronation 1937, Army L.S. & G.C., G.V.R., 1st issue (S-772 S. Sgt., RASC), Meritorious Service Medal, G.V.R., 1st issue (S-20039 S. Sgt., ASC), Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division), unnamed as issued, French Medaille d’Honneur, silver-gilt with swords, these twelve mounted as worn in the order listed, together with Defence and War Medals, generally GVF, were sold by DNW 9 December 1999, lot 837, £1650 (hammer price). 93 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE COPPERTHWAITE, William Charles, 3 Pte (A/WO, Cl 1) GHQ 3rd Ech, Australian Imperial Force LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. Also announced in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette (1 April 1920, p.546). COPSEY, Miss Emily LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For devotion to duty and courage in performing dangerous work in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CORBETT, James LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. CORDER, John LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in fighting a fire caused by an explosion, at very great personal risk’. CORDINGLY, Constance, 2226 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France (being recorded as ‘Cordingley’ on her MIC). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/56 (where her name is recorded as ‘Constance Cordingley’). CORKE, A LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For great courage in performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On occasions of serious leakage of C.G. at the joints of the C.G. tanks [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead] in order to assure the continuation of shell charging, these men in grave danger have performed most excellent actions. Their behavior on all occasions of danger has been most praiseworthy’; his address being given as 50 Ferndale Terrace, Appleton, Widnes (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). CORNELIUS, Alexander LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in having, on two occasions, saved a large amount of raw material in an explosives factory at the risk of his life’. CORNELL, Agnes May, 7603 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Cornell enrolled in the QMAAC on 29 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Holland Park, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for constant and persistent devotion to duty, most effectively carried out’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/57 (where her name is recorded as ‘Agness Mary Cornell’). CORNS, William, Plate Shop Worker LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For inventiveness and specially meritorious service’. CORPE, Harry, Fitter LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For meritorious service overseas in carrying out torpedo work in trying conditions’. 94 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 CORSE, Margaret, 20405 Forewoman-Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the RE Depot at Haynes Park (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/58. COSBY, Thomas, Fitter, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trials of a new submarine’. COSTA, Herbert Luigi LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in continuing to work under circumstances of great danger’. COTTERILL, Grace Marjorie, 5928 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/59 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). COTTIS, Ivy Mabel, 1103 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Cottis enrolled in the QMAAC on 12 June 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at 14 Stratton Street, a more specific draft noting she: ‘Has shewn exceptional merit and efficiency in the performance of her work, and is very highly recommended by her CO. She is always willing to help with extra work, or in duties out of her usual province, if necessary’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France. COULSON, Isabella, 22032 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at No. 34 Camp, Ripon (TNA ref: WO 162/65). COULTRIP, George, Skilled Labourer (Stoker and Traveller man) LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in continuing urgent casting operations throughout an air raid’. COURT, Jessie Gertrude, 257 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/60. COURTNEY, J, DCM, 49877 Pte, Worcestershire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. COUSINS, Oliver Charles, Sergeant, Y Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the occasion of an Air Raid on 29 September 1917, a bomb was dropped on the “Eaglet” Public House, Seven Sisters Road, Holloway, and Sergeant Cousins displayed great energy and devotion to duty in extricating injured persons from the wreckage, under extremely trying and dangerous conditions, viz: a man was found pinned against the wall by wreckage in back cellar, suffering from [a] severe scalp wound, 95 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE which was cleaned and dressed by the Sergeant and case dispatched to Hospital. He subsequently extricated, with considerable difficulty the mutilated body of the landlord’s wife, with the remains of her unborn child, and removed same on stretcher to Ambulance. He also attended to a man found in cellar suffering from shock, and sent him to Hospital for further treatment’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COVE, Isobel, 8798 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the 1st OC School at Netheravon (TNA ref: WO 162/65). COWELL, Elsie, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For great courage and devotion to duty under circumstances of grave personal danger’. COWINGS, Alfred, 205262 Dr, Royal Field Artillery LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. COX, Alice Rose, 14741 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Having enrolled in the Women’s Legion in March 1917, Cox transferred to the QMAAC in November that year. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the HAC at Lewisham, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for excellent performance of ordinary duties – a most steady, trustworthy member, who has shown great devotion and esprit de corps’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). COX, Edward, Captain, Wembley Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘2 February 1917 fire at the Purex Works, Greenford: These works adjoined the Greenford Filling Factory where a large quantity of high explosives were stored and high explosives shells filled. On arrival at the fire trouble was encountered with the hydrants, all except one being frozen. At considerable risk and danger the Brigade succeeded in placing the engine on an elevated bank of the canal breaking some 9 inches of ice in order that they could pump water into a drain to supply engines of other Brigades. Having successively accomplished this, they proceeded to the actual scene of the fire, and “here displayed conspicuous bravery and total disregard for personal safety by carrying on their duty within four or five yards of a large dump of high explosives”. It appears, however, that they worked with a long line of hose. The fire was not actually dangerous as things turned out but would have become so if it had not been kept in hand’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards were also granted to Ernest Cox, James Harris and James Richard Wiggins. COX, Ernest, Third Officer, Wembley Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward Cox (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). COX, Frederick John, S/7509 Lance-Corporal (A/Condr), RAOC LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘…in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’ (Military Division). Cox went on to gain the apparently unique distinction of being awarded a bar to his Medal of the Order of the British Empire (despite the bar being designed for the 2nd type BEM and thus not correctly fitting the narrower 1st type ribbon). He received this as an Inspector in the Plymouth Special Constabulary, the London Gazette (Third Supplement, 24 April 1942, p.1806) giving the citation thus: ‘During a severe air raid [on Plymouth on 20 March 1941] Inspector Cox was off duty in a district which was heavily bombed. 96 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Many fires were started by incendiary bombs and, appreciating the danger of the rapidly advancing flames in the congested area, the Inspector immediately organised fire parties. It was due to his efforts that the damage by fire was not more extensive. A store was demolished by a HE bomb, and three persons were trapped. Inspector Cox led a rescue party, which after many hours of hard and dangerous work, during which bombs were dropped nearby, succeeded in extricating alive two of the trapped persons. Inspector Cox showed courage and devotion to duty’ (further details of the Plymouth blitz rescue and photographs of Cox appear in The Western Morning News, 25 April 1942, p.5, and the Western Evening Herald, 30 April 1942, p.1). PROVENANCE: Cox’s medals, consisting of the BEM (unnamed) with bar (undated), 1914 Star and bar, BWM, VM (with MID), DM, MSM (GV – Immediate), and Special Constabulary Long Service Medal (GVI type, awarded as an Inspector with the Plymouth Constabulary) (and also entitled to the French Medaille d’Honneur des Affaires Etrangeres avec Glaives [en argent] and the Plymouth City Police Bravery Medal for this rescue), exist in a private UK collection (2012). COX, George Henry, Sgt, 1st London Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raids’. COX, Mabel Rosa, Chargewoman, Royal Naval Cordite Factory LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For devotion to duty and great presence of mind in averting an explosion when in charge of a guncotton press’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/62 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’), while an undated and unsourced newspaper cutting in their collection notes that Cox, described as being from ‘119 Wareham Road, Corfe Mullen’, was presented with her medal by the Earl of Shaftesbury (DEC 5/9). COX, Samuel James, Inspector, W Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the occasion of an Air Raid on Croydon on 13 October 1915 the first squad sent out was to a house in Beech House Road, which had been wrecked by two bombs, killing two boys who were sleeping upstairs. This squad was under the charge of S/C S J Cox and he, after placing the men outside to keep the public away, went upstairs, and assisted the Regular Police and Firemen in the task of extricating the bodies. Apart from the risk of another bomb falling, this work was attended with considerable danger by reason of the shattered condition of the house and the probability of walls and roof collapsing. I see that two of the firemen who were engaged on the same work have been selected for the same distinction in recognition of their conduct at that house on that night’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). COX, Thomas Edwin, 534212 Farrier Staff-Sergeant, 10th Hussars LG (28 September 1921, p.7637): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (to be dated 25 July 1921). The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘By his gallantry and fine example contributed largely to the successful rescue of horses on the occasion of the derailment, through rebel action, of a troop train containing a party of the 10th Hussars and horses at Adavoyle on 24 June 1921. He repeatedly entered trucks which had fallen to the bottom of an embankment and effected the release of the horses at great personal risk’ (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]; for further details see the entry for George Farrant). COX, William Odell, WR/272654 Sapper (T/R/S-M) Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. 97 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE CRAIG, Barbara, 18865 Forewoman , Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. CRAMPTON, Christopher LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Crampton receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). CREPIN, Frederick, Sergeant, N Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This Special Constable has rendered exceptional service as apart from his regular patrol duties; he has driven his own motor car under very trying circumstances. He has performed all kinds of transport work while the barrage was at its worst. He showed exceptional courage in arresting a criminal believed to be armed and who struggled desperately with Sgt Crepin before being secured and taken by him to Stoke Newington Station where he was found to be Paddy Walsh, a man wanted for a violent assault, and other burglaries. Crepin was called by a civilian and although off duty he at once proceeded to where the man Walsh had been seen and then found him. Walsh was sentenced to five years penal servitude and the Judge highly commended Sgt Crepin’s action which led to a pest of Society being put away’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CREW, Frederick Thomas LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. CRISP, Thomas Benjamin LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and resource in averting what would have been a very serious accident’. CROOKS, James, Auxiliary Lieutenant, Dundee Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Fire on board HM Steamship Moora belonging to the Indian Government lying at the Dundee Eastern Wharf. On 21 September 1918 at 6.25pm the above officer with others showed great bravery in boarding the ship knowing that explosives were on board and a serious fire raging at the point where the explosives were. The fire was caused by a seaplane falling on board the ship, three flying officers whereof were burned to death’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). The accident is briefly noted in the Dundee Advertiser (25 September 1918), while a small picture of Crooks and the news of his award are in the People’s Journal (10 July 1920). PROVENANCE: Crooks Medal, engraved ‘LIEUT. J. CROOKS. D.F.B. 8TH JULY 1920.’, together with his Volunteer Long Service Medal (QV type), engraved ‘498 SERGT. J. CROOKS. 1/FORFARS: V.A.’, swing mounted as worn, are in a private Scottish collection. CROSS, Charles, ex-Confidential Civilian Clerk to General Staff Officer (Naval) at Singapore LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For meritorious and prompt action, taken on his own initiative, which resulted in the avoidance of a situation of much danger’. CROSS, John Henry LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory. He remained in a badly damaged building, shutting off steam valves and drawing the fires’. 98 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 CROSS, William James, Additional Assistant Commander, S Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘An officer I single out as having done very valuable work during the whole of period 1914/19. He was in charge of a large station of over 200 men and never allowed anything to stand in the way of duty, having, as in the case of Add Asst Commander Ash, often to neglect his private profession in order to perform police duties. He has kept his men together by the self-sacrificing manner in which he has gone about his work and by the courage with which he met many an awkward situation. I have never known him fail to undertake a duty and whenever it has been a particularly difficult or trying one he has gone personally with his men and seen it through’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CROUCHER, May Victoria LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/63 (where her name is mis-recorded as ‘Miss Mary Victoria Croucher’; born in Faversham in 1897, her first name is confirmed as ‘May’ on FreeBMD). CROWE, Thomas Matthew, District Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918, while Farmery (1992, p.57) notes that Crowe was also gazetted (LG, 1 January 1919) with the KPM for gallantry at this fire. The citation for the latter (TNA ref: HO45/11066/354481) noted it as having been awarded for: ‘conspicuous gallantry … especially during [the] air raid on 29 January 1918. A bomb had demolished and set fire to the “John Bull” offices and the fire was especially violent in the basement where several people were reported to be. With entire disregard for his own safety, Station Officer Crowe rescued several people, assisted in the rescue of others, and helped to remove 17 bodies’. CROWTHER, Mabel, 47597 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. CRUTCHLEY, Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in entering a gas main and saving the lives of two workers who were gassed, at very great personal risk’. CULHANE, Patrick LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage. Although injured by a serious explosion at a filling factory, he continued his duties throughout the night’. CUMMINGS, Mrs Kathleen, Shorthand Typist, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Cummings by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). CUNNINGHAM, Sophia LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and high example in continuing her duties immediately after a severe explosion’. Apparently the same recipient was noted by The Times (4 April 1918, p.3) thus: ‘A brave Scotswoman: In the Edinburgh City Council chamber the Lord Provost, Sir J Lorne MacLeod, presented the British Empire Medal to Miss Euphemia [sic] Cunningham, Dunbar’s Close, Canongate, the daughter of a Gordon Highlander Indian Mutiny veteran, who had five sons in the 99 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Army, of whom three have died in service. Colonel Robertson, VC, and Dr Wallace Williamson, Dean of the Thistle, bore testimony to the gallantry of what they termed a typical Scottish family. The Lord Provost said that Miss Cunningham had shown notable courage and presence of mind whilst working in a munitions factory, where an explosion had taken place in extremely terrifying circumstances. She was in every way worthy of the family to which she belonged, and this was the second time the family had received special acknowledgement from the King’. CUNNINGHAM, William Frederick LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. CUNNINGTON, Mrs Mary Philomena, Assistant Mistress LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed conspicuous courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when the school in which she was teaching was struck by a bomb’. CURTIS, Miss Eva Grace LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion of a fire and explosion at an explosives factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). CURTIS, Raymond LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere in spite of injury to his health on several occasions’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘In charge of H.S. manufacture [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], several times gassed and burnt. The output of poison gas was only made possible by their untiring efforts’; his address being given as Highfield, Leek, Staffordshire (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). CURTIS, Winifred, 330 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/64. CUSKEARN, John LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in making a determined attempt to recover a valuable instrument from the cooling pond, in consequence of which he contracted blood poisoning and nearly died’. CUTHBERT, Ivy, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. CUTTING, May Elizabeth, 5814 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the ‘3rd Manchester [Regiment] at Cleethorpes’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 100 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 D DADGE, Penelope, 18735 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes that Dadge enrolled in the Women’s Legion in June 1917 and transferred to QMAAC on 10 December 1917, her recommendation being submitted from the Officers’ Command Depot at Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). DALMEDO, Antonio, Hired Leading Stoker, Yard Craft LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage in volunteering for service in victualling craft in a danger area’. The Medal, apparently for service aboard the Tank Vessel Blossom at Mudros, was presented to Dalmedo via the SNO at Gibraltar on 15 March 1920 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). DANBY, William Samuel, 6078040 Pte, The Queen’s Royal Regiment LG (28 September 1921, p.7637): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (to be dated 25 July 1921). The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘At Mitchelstown on 10 July 1921, this soldier showed great pluck and devotion to duty during an attack made by rebels on a watering party. Though wounded in three places by the first volley of rebel fire, he refused to have his wounds dressed and insisted on driving his mules back to barracks, being all the time under heavy fire’. Danby missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922, due to being still hospitalised in Aldershot (TNA ref: WO 35/181). PROVENANCE: Danby’s BEM, named, was sold at Glendining’s on 19 May 1965, lot 12. DANCE, Henry Albert, 6446524, L/Cpl, Royal Fusiliers LG (1 June 1921, p.4375): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how he: ‘Showed great bravery and a fine example when one of a party ambushed by rebels at Headford Junction on 21 March 1921. When his officer and sergeant were killed, this young NCO rallied the survivors of the party and ignoring the rebel calls to surrender, successfully kept them at bay until relief came. The action lasted two and a half hours and the party was greatly outnumbered’. Unable to attend the ceremony with General Macready in Dublin on 12 July 1921, Dance received his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]). DANE, John W, Chief Officer, Croydon Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for firemen belonging to the Croydon Fire Brigade detailed three fires, from which Dane and two fellow firemen [Botting and Powell] were selected for the award. The submission states: ‘Fire at Messrs Pains’ Firework Factory, Mitcham on 14 November 1916: This fire commenced with two explosions of a violent nature and during the time the Brigade were at work there was a risk of further explosion if other sheds had caught alight. (Dane and Botting selected). On the night of 13 October 1915 a house at 12 Beech House Road, Croydon was wrecked by a bomb.] One woman and a boy were rescued alive and the bodies of two boys recovered from the ruins. The work of rescue involved over an hour’s work and there was danger of the building collapsing the whole time. This is similar work to that in respect of which the London Fire Brigade have made recommendations. All the men recommended were working together in the ruins. (Dane and Powell selected). Rescue of a woman from a house [in Edridge Road, Croydon which was] wrecked by a bomb. (Powell and Botting selected)’, those firemen who served at two incidents being selected for recognition (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 101 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE DANIEL, Miss Netta LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Weekly Irish Times notes the award was ‘For presence of mind and courage in going to the scene of fire in an explosives factory and taking action to extinguish it’ (1 September 1917, p.4). A possible portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/66 (where her name is recorded as ‘Janet S Daniels’). DANIELS, Joseph LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For great courage and high example in connection with specially dangerous work at a Filling Factory, often causing ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DANIELS, Thomas Reed, Clerk of Works, HM Office of Works LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For very conspicuous courage and devotion while in charge of works at a Munition Factory. For a long period he carried out very dangerous duties with complete disregard of his personal safety’. The Office of Works recommendation list notes Daniels worked in factories at Knockalls and Banbury (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DARCH, Joseph LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage shown on the occasion of an Explosion at a filling factory’. D’ARCY, Miss Madeleine, Chief Section Leader (Clerk), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to D’Arcy by the C-in-C of the Coast of Ireland on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). The Weekly Irish Times (17 May 1919, p.6) announced the award and noted the recipient was Irish. DART, Miss Gertrude Olive, Chief Section Leader (Draughtswoman), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Dart by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). DARTNELL, Lucie Jane, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/67 (where her name is incorrectly indexed as ‘Lucie J Dartuell’). DAS, Rai Sahib, Prag LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. DAVIDSON, Colin, Fireman, Dundee Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. See also the entry for James Crooks (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). The accident is briefly noted in the Dundee Advertiser (25 September 1918), while a small picture of Davidson and the announcement of his award is in the People’s Journal (10 July 1920). DAVIDSON, James, Bricklayer’s Labourer LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in rescuing a fellow-workman who had been overcome by gas inside a gas apparatus’. DAVIES, Miss Alison Marie, Chief Section leader (Clerk), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Davies by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). 102 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DAVIES, Ben LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and high example in remaining at work for an hour after being painfully burnt on his hands, face and neck, and returning to duty for another five hours immediately after treatment’. DAVIES, Dan, Officer in Charge, Lambeth Emergency Air Raid Organisation LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage, zeal and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work in connection with air raids’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘He has organized the Lambeth Emergency Air Raid Organization [from October 1917 to November 1919], and accompanied his ambulances on all Air Raids. He shewed great zeal and devotion to duty in visiting shelters and tube stations during heavy barrage’, while his address is noted as 324 Coldharbour Lane, SW9 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DAVIES, Miss Eliza LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage and presence of mind in removing a burning fuse from a box of components, thus obviating what might have been a very serious explosion’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DAVIES, Gladys, 4986 Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Wareham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). DAVIES, James Henry, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘Showed habitual courage in carrying out repairs to submarine cables in difficult and dangerous waters’. DAVIES, John Richard, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award (as ‘Davis’) as being for rescue work at Southwark Street, London, SE, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. DAVIES, Lily LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an explosion at a chemical works’. DAVIES, Robert John, Electrical Fitter, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice on the occasion of an explosion on a submarine boat, on which he was at work’. DAVIES, Violet Annie LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in remaining at her post at the telephone during a severe explosion. Age 15’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/68. DAVIES, Walter Edward. See DAVIS, Walter Edward. DAVIES, William Rees Lewis, Staff Sub-Inspector, C Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the night of September 24–25 1917, when three houses had been demolished by a bomb at Edward Street, Soho, 103 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE he greatly assisted to search the demolished premises, the risk from falling debris and escaping gas was very great; at great risk from gun fire he kept in constant touch with the Police Station. Again on the night of October 19– 20 1917 when premises in Piccadilly and round Piccadilly Circus had been greatly damaged by a large bomb he entered various premises at great risk from falling debris and remained on duty in the vicinity all night. On all Air Raid occasions he showed great courage and many a panic was averted by the way he handled his men at the various Air Raid Shelters’; his address being noted as 56 Davies Street, W1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DAVIS, Abraham, Second Officer, Romford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Samuel Davis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). DAVIS, Hilda Louisa, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/69. DAVIS, Miss Mabel LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage and devotion to duty under very trying conditions in a Filling Factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DAVIS, Samuel, Captain, Romford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. The original recommendation for the award details two fires thus: ‘Fire at the Munition Factory at Rainham, 14 September 1916: The explosion had occurred before the arrival of the Brigade. Several sheds were however on fire, and there was a considerable amount of unexploded explosives lying about. The Brigade succeeded in extinguishing the sheds which were on fire. All the above men were present at the fire with the exception of Dowsing. Fire at the same factory 13 February 1918: The Romford men arrived some time after the actual explosion, but they rendered considerable assistance to the Barking Brigade in extinguishing the fire and during the whole time there was great risk of further explosion’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Medals went to Davis and the other firemen who had been at both fires: Abraham Davis, Edward Holby, George Holby, John Richard Holliday, Abner Payne, and Alfred Richardson. DAVIS, Sarah Jane, 30535 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). DAVIS, Thomas Albert, 6635 Sgt (T/S/S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. DAVIS, Walter Edward, DCM, MM, 4792518 Sgt, Lincolnshire Regiment LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how Davis (previously recorded as ‘Davies’, then corrected): ‘At Killenaule on 31 October 1921, accompanied his officer to reconnoitre the town. They were attacked by rebels and Sergt Davis was wounded in the shoulder. In spite of this he returned the fire, wounding a notorious rebel whom he afterwards succeeded in taking back a prisoner to barracks’. Unable to attend the ceremony with General Macready in Dublin on 12 July 1921, Davis was due to receive his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922. At the last moment he was granted leave to visit his wife who was seriously ill in England and also missed this investiture (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]). 104 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DAWKINS, Mary Rose (now Mrs Oakman), Night Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. DAY, E LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to ‘E A Day’ (who was noted as being from Lewisham), ‘for exceptional ability and devotion in carrying out repairs in one of his Majesty’s ships to enable her rapid return to service’, on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). DAY, Walter LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous services in performing highly dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DAY, W G LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For courage while working in a poisonous atmosphere which resulted in a serious breakdown of health’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Assiduous attention to duty in managing the C.G. Plant [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead]. Careless of personal risk, and untiring devotion to duty has resulted in a severe breakdown of health’, his address being given as 1 Essex Gardens, Gateshead-on-Tyne (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). DEACON, Stanley, Shipwright LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘On the occasion of an explosion on board the warship Baden, he assisted in life saving at great personal risk from poisonous fumes’. DEALEY, John Carol, Chargeman of Fitters LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For meritorious service overseas in carrying out torpedo work under trying conditions’. DEARING, Charles, Additional Assistant Commander, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘As Inspector in charge of this very important Station, he practically threw over all business and morning and night was constantly on duty there. He raised funds to purchase a Motor Ambulance for use by his Station unit of First Aid Special Constables and it rendered invaluable service during Air Raids including a serious bomb disaster at Packington Street, Islington, when five persons were killed and a number injured, the men turning out in a fierce barrage. His most conspicuous act of courage was on September 9, 1916 when in Essex Road he saw a Police Officer endeavouring to arrest a man and woman for felony and being badly treated by a hostile crowd. It turned out to be Det[ective] Sergeant Read of “Y” Division, and fighting his way through the crowd and using his umbrella as a truncheon, although several times assaulted Mr Dearing succeeded in completing the arrest of the man and woman after a desperate struggle, and the prisoners were dealt with at Clerkenwell Police Court, where the Magistrates highly commended Mr Dearing, who also received attached letter (copy) from the Commissioner of Police, as below. He has been a most devoted Officer. New Scotland Yard, SW 25 October 1916. Sir, The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis desires to convey to you the expression of his thanks for the very valuable assistance rendered by you on the 9th ultimo in connection with the case of a man and woman who are each under-going a term of imprisonment for horse stealing and obstructing Police, respectively. 105 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE By your timely aid to the Officer who was arresting these two dangerous prisoners, you saved him from further injury and your section is much appreciated by the Commissioner. He is also pleased to note that you were commended by the learned Magistrate before whom the prisoners appeared. I am, Sir Your obedient Servant (Signed) E M LaFone (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DE KAPPELLE, William Jean Charles (Corrected LG 13 October 1925, p.6613) LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For great courage at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada. He helped to save valuable records, and removed, at grave personal risk, a large quantity of loaded fuses, while explosions were taking place’. DEMPSEY, Charles John LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘Dempsey [a 42-year-old Charge Hand Pipe Fitter] rendered special services and excellent work during the construction of the ‘H.S.’ Plant, and especially his work doing repairs during construction. The class of work was new to everyone, and many men were incapacitated through coming in contact with ‘H’ when on repairs. Although Dempsey was badly injured on several occasions, he has stuck to the work like a Briton, always being the first to volunteer to take in hand work of a dangerous nature, thereby greatly assisting in the output, and setting an excellent example to all the workers’; his address being given as Slys Maddock, Barmouth, North Wales (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). DENNER, Frank, Headmaster LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed conspicuous courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when the school in which he was teaching was struck by a bomb’. DENNIS, Miss Annie Sophia, Clerk, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Weekly Irish Times (17 May 1919, p.6) announced the award and noted the recipient was Irish. The Medal was presented to Dennis by the Director of the WRNS on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/70 (where her name is incorrectly indexed as ‘Demmio’). The reverse of the photograph notes that the presentation was on 29 July 1919. DERRICK, William LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For prompt and courageous action in helping to extinguish a fire at an Explosives Factory, at grave personal risk, thereby preventing very serious damage’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Devotion to duty and action during the fire on 2 October 1918 on the top of the still of P.S. [at Messrs Sneyd Bycars & Co, Ltd, Burslem]. Owing to their action a large Picric store was saved at great personal risk’; his address being given as 66 High Lane, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). DERRICUT, William LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For conspicuous courage at a fire at an explosives factory. At great personal risk he succeeded, with another man, in rescuing a fellow-worker, although he was twice knocked down by the force of the explosion’. For further details see Tom Coe. DEVEREUX, William, Carpenter LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For meritorious service under shell fire at Dunkirk’. 106 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DIBLEY, Harry Torrens, 19997 Sgt (T/Sup Cl) Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for Italy, was to be dated 3 June 1919. DIPPIE, Janet Johnson, 10465 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the 16th Officers’ Cadet Battalion at Great Grobys (TNA ref: WO 162/65). PROVENANCE: Dippie’s medal, in its case of issue, together with related paperwork and two photographs, was in the Alan Seldon collection until 23 September 2010, when they were stolen in a burglary. DISBERRY, William, Pump Attendant LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Although 70 years of age, he remained at his fire pumps the whole night on the occasion of a severe explosion and fire at a national filling factory. The position was one of great danger throughout’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory. At the subsequent inquiry Disberry gave two statements, the first of which noted how: ‘On the night of the 1st inst[ant] I heard the electric bell ring in the Fire Station, adjoining the Pump House, and I went to the door naturally – as I frequently do – and one of the firemen came running out. He never spoke nor stopped. About 2 minutes after I saw a flame. I threw open my two doors, and having got them open, opened all my windows, and waited for some news. The news came to start the pumps. I started first the electric pump and by this time the shift engineer came in with three or four men. He asked me how my petrol was and I informed him I wanted some in. The petrol tank was filled while I was starting the petrol pump. The power pump was running by this time, and the petrol pump started and I opened my other valve. The shift engineer stood and watched me and gave me assistance, and then went away and left me. He said he had other business, and asked me if I was all right. I said “Yes” which of course I was for the time being. Then the lights went out; the power pump ceased. The power went off, the cables very likely being cut but I could not say. I only had the petrol pump to depend upon. The Captain came and said I was only getting short of 90ft on my gauge, which would be possibly about 40 pound pressure. I said I thought it was rather useless to run her as I could get no pressure. He said “It is working on the sprinklers. Let her run”. I said “Very good” and went to give my pumps more oil, and then returned to the door. There was a blaze coming through the roof, and I stood under the easing of the door. I went back and gave the pump some more oil and by this time it would be about one o’clock. I went back to the door again and stood there, but something struck me across the bowels and turned me over at once. I hurt my shoulders against the wall. I went back to see that the pump was getting water, and gave it some more oil. I felt faint and went to the window close to the petrol pump for air. Another shock came and the vibration lifted me clean away. I crept then on my hands and knees to safety as well as I could, as I couldn’t get up and walk. I did not go back to my pump; I was not fit. The electric pump was shut off at about 10.35[pm] and the lights all went off, but I do not know whether it was the first shock or the second. When I found that the power had ceased I asked a man to take the key from the Power Station and turn the 6” valve on for the Lancaster town’s water to overflow in the large tank to come down the reservoir. This is the 6” valve opposite the Power Station close by the telegraph post between there and the lavatory, to give power to the sanitary boilers and the cooling plant. The top tank is kept full by three pumps, and these pumps can be turned into the reservoir at any time, but when I found my power had gone, I asked this man – I do not know his name – and I very nearly got hit in trying to get the water into the tank. The electric pump is not self-starting. I started it myself directly I had orders. I put up the switch and my fingers through without stirring. It was only a matter of five seconds. I thought I could fill up the reservoir by the overflow from the gravity tank. The 6” main was opened. I saw the man open it. When the power pumps are running, the gate valves of the Lancaster main [are] shut because our pressure on the two pumps is much greater. I shut no valve’. 107 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Disberry’s subsequent statement described the second explosion as occurring at: ‘about 2.45am when I was blown through the window. I then groped my way to the Power Station and I believe shortly afterwards a fireman, whose name I do not know, stopped the petrol pump. It was the second explosion that stopped the electrical pump. I remained under the cover of a wall until about ten minutes past 6am when I left for home. I was seen on 4 October 1917 by Dr Oldham who certified that I was suffering from “contusion of the abdomen”’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). The Daily Mirror noted the award (14 June 1918, p.2). DIX, Elizabeth 35740 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the RPW Camp, at Northfall Meadow, Dover (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/71 (where her name is recorded as ‘Elizabeth A Dix’). DIXON, Henry, Engineer, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for Samuel Walter Stiff (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Dixon contacted the Home Office by letter on 11 June 1921 enquiring whether he was entitled to use post-nominal initials as a consequence of his award, the Home Office subsequently responding there was no such entitlement (TNA ref: HO 180/6). DIXON, Miss Isabella LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Daily Mirror published a picture of Dixon, noting that the award was ‘for bravery while working in a factory of explosives’ (6 May 1918, p.4). The Weekly Irish Times gave more details, stating the award was for ‘For presence of mind and courage in entering a burning a burning room in an explosives factory and playing a hose upon the flames’ (1 September 1917, p.4). DIXON, William LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage in rescuing a fellow-worker at great personal risk’. DOBBIE, James LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. DOBBIN, Robert William, Superintendent, London Salvage Corps LG (7 July 1920, p.7304): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘The [London County] Council desires also to recommend that the Medal be awarded to Superintendent R W Dobbin and 2nd Class Man G H Nicholls, of the London Salvage Corps, who rendered valuable services at a fire, caused by an aircraft attack at printing works in Long Acre. These men shared the grave risks to which the members of the London Fire Brigade were exposed on this occasion in extricating dead and injured persons from the ruins of the building’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). DODSWORTH, J, 48332 Sapper LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DOHERTY, Kitty, 9656 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based with the 4th Battalion, Black Watch, at Johnstone 108 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Terrace, Edinburgh (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/72 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). DONACHIE, Johanna Birrill, 3614 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Donachie enrolled in the QMAAC in September 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Windsor, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘A most satisfactory and excellent Forewoman, with great influence over all under her’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). DONKIN, Sidney, Additional Assistant Commander, V Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘[Donkin] commanded Wimbledon and New Malden combined Sections for several years; [he] showed special powers of command and organisation, [and] did unusual service in connection with the Observation Room, supplying over 50 men’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DONNACHIE, John LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For great courage and resource at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, thereby preventing loss of life and damage to plant’. DONOVAN, Eileen Annie, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. DORAN, Joseph LG (8 January 1918, p.473): ‘For courage and resource in preventing a fire in an explosives factory, under exceptionally dangerous circumstances’. DORMAN, William G LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For self-sacrifice and devotion to duty in continuing at his work in an explosives factory in Canada, although his health was seriously affected by poisonous fumes’. DOUGLAS, Jessie Armstrong, 37218 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/73. DOVE, Miss Agnes Evelyn, Motor Driver, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Dove by the Director of the WRNS on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/75. The reverse of the photograph notes Dove was presented with her medal on 10 May 1919. DOVE, Miss Doris, Chief Section Leader (Shorthand Typist), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Dove by the SNO at Grimsby on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A possible portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/74 (where her name is incorrectly indexed as ‘Doris Dool’). The reverse of the photograph notes that Dove served with HMS Pekin (the Auxiliary Patrol base at Grimsby) from 1915 to 1919 and received the award on 5 August 1919. 109 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE DOWDSWELL, Dora, 14081 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the RFA Officers’ Cadet School at Exeter (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/76 (where her name is recorded as ‘Dora Rebecca Dowdeswell’; according to FreeBMD the latter is the correct spelling – her birth is noted there as being registered in Thornbury in 1883). DOWNER, Charles Henry, S/21081 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. DOWNIE, James, Engine Fitter LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and prompt action in helping to extinguish fires which had broken out in the stokeholds of two patrol vessels fitting out’. DOWSE, Gladys, 17413 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Swanage (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/77. DOWSING, James, Sergeant, R Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For his action on the occasion of a fire at Abbey Wood Filling Factory, when at considerable risk he continued throwing pails of water over boxes of high explosives until the arrival of the Fire Brigade’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DOYLE, Rupert James Edward, Painter LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For meritorious service under shell fire at Dunkirk’. DREW, Albert Thomas, Sapper, No. 2 Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raids’. DRURY, Olive, 5401 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). DUCKETT, Alice Maud Kate, 1542 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/78. DUCKWORTH, John William, Fireman, Oswaldtwistle Fire Brigade. LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Edward Smalley (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 110 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DUCKWORTH, Miss Mabel, Shorthand Typist, Women’s Royal Navel Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Duckworth by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). DUFF, John LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in preventing a serious explosion under circumstances of great danger’. DUFFY, James LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in attempting to stop a fire in an explosives factory under exceptionally dangerous circumstances’. DUKE, Annie Maud, 4101 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Duke enrolled in the QMAAC on 8 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 689 Employment Company, City Road, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member has shewn marked efficiency and exceptional merit in the performance of her ordinary duties, and evinces splendid esprit de corps, with willingness to help at any time’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). DULIEU, H, Substitute Coachman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’, while against Dulieu’s name is the remark ‘ This man was a substitute coachman, has since left the brigade & we do not know his full name or his present address’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Lamb’s Conduit Passage, Holborn, London, WC, following the Zeppelin raid on 8 September 1915. DUMAS, Charles LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and resource under circumstances of great danger at an accident at a steel foundry in Canada’. DUNBABIN, Peter LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. DUNCAN, Miss Katherine, Senior Writer, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Duncan by the SNO at Leith on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/79. The reverse of the photograph is inscribed with a note that Duncan served as Senior Writer to the Escort patrol and Signal Department at Granton Naval Base. DUNCOMBE, Lucien LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Duncombe (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). DUNDERDALE, Charles Ernest, 4793249 L/Sgt, The Lincolnshire Regiment LG (21 April 1921, p.3175): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. This appears to have been an award for bravery in Ireland. Dunderdale was due to receive his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 but was prevented from attending. Demobilised by mid-January 1922, 111 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Dunderdale had gone on to join the Royal Irish Constabulary (register number 81787) and also missed the investiture that month at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham (TNA ref: WO 35/181). DUNELL, Hubert LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage in returning to a filling factory immediately after a serious explosion, in order to get part of the power-house fit for work again’. DUNLOP, John Boyd LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘During a period in which he acted as an Ambulance Driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. DUNN, Albun LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in saving the life of a fellow worker after an explosion, and giving the alarm, although himself injured by an explosion’. DUNN, James LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage and high example in continuing at his work under circumstances of grave danger’. DUNNING, Samuel Joseph, 1402818 L/Sgt, Royal Garrison Artillery LG (17 June 1921, p.4887): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘This NCO has, during his employment on special duty shown the greatest courage and resource. In spite of many warnings that he was in danger of assassination, he persisted in this dangerous work and in one instance in the guise of a delegate from the HQ Staff of the IRA called a special meeting of IRA officers and secured their arrest. On 19 April his murder was attempted but although wounded he succeeded in dispersing his attackers’. Dunning received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). DUNTON, George John, Special Constable, T Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 18 August 1915, when Herbert Coley, age 7, fell into the River Thames from Shepperton Lock Gates and sank in 12 feet of water, S/C George Dunton (who was not on duty at the time) dived into the river fully dressed, recovered the boy and after applying artificial respiration successfully, took him home. The Royal Humane Society awarded him the RHS Certificate and this was presented to him personally on parade at Sunbury by the Chief Staff Officer on 20 November 1915’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). DURELL, Sidney Leonard LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in working in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘As Assistant Engineer of H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], careless of danger, this man has shown great sacrifice and devotion to duty’; his address being given as Wychbery View, Corser Street, Stourbridge (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). DURHAM, Harold Edward Arthur LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. DUSTAN, Mary, 8949 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Royal Scots Depot, Glencorse (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 112 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 E EAMES, H, 106602 Acting Sergeant LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). EAST, Kate, 24801 Asst Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. East enrolled in the QMAAC on 26 February 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the RPW Camp, Victoria Park, Dover (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/81. EASTER, Bertha Annie Florence, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Easter (who was noted as being from Stepney) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). ECHLIN, Walter Charles LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in the maintenance of military railway traffic in India in connection with the War’. ECKERSLEY, Edith Ellen, 383 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. EDE, Miss Lilian M LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Weekly Irish Times notes ‘an Examiner in Inspection Department of the Ministry of Munitions – For valuable service in discovering a concealed defect in certain fuse caps’ (1 September 1917, p.4). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/82. The reverse of the photograph notes (as the Irish Times reported) that Ede was an examiner of the Inspection Department of the Ministry of Munitions and received her medal: ‘for valuable service in discovering a concealed defect in cordite fuse caps’. EDGHILL, Nicholas LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in helping to subdue fire at great personal risk’. The Kildare Observer (4 May 1918) records the events more fully: ‘On Wednesday last a very pleasant function took place at Moore Abbey, Monasterevan, when Mr Nicholas Edghill, of that town, in the presence of a large and distinguished assembly, including General Pelman-Burn, who has just returned from the front, was presented by the Earl of Drogheda, Lord Lieutenant for Co Kildare as representative of the King, with the Medal of the Order of the British Empire. Mr Edghill is a member of the staff at Mr Holmes’ Munitions Works, and the medal was awarded for gallantry in assisting to extinguish an extensive fire on 6 October 1917 at the adjoining premises, and thus saving the above works, which were for several hours in imminent danger of being destroyed, also for devotion to duty, perseverance..., and resource in carrying out the work entrusted to him.’ 113 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE EDWARDS, Elizabeth, 1918 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. EDWARDS, John Walter, Sergeant, E Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Joined as Constable in August 1914. Is now a Sub-Inspector, has performed 608 duties, still reports daily. He was present at most Air Raids as a member of my Ambulance Section, in which he had done excellent work at all times. But it is in connection with the Raid which took place on 28 January 1918 at Odham’s that I wish to specially bring his name forward. He was on the scene within a minute or so of the bomb dropping. He at once grasped the situation and with himself, Heffer, Macaulay and others [they] broke open a yard where hand-barrows are kept for hire, and with these were able to remove some seven or eight cases to hospital before the regular ambulance arrived. He was of the greatest assistance to Mr Wallis in extracting dead and dying from the building at very great personal risk, and I am glad to be able to put his services on record’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). EDWARDS, Mabel Ann LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. EDWARDS, Thomas, Superintendent, Willesden Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from a building wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 20 May 1918, during a heavy air raid, the Fire Brigade was called by fire alarm to the Carlton Hotel, Carlton Vale, Paddington. The building was found to be entirely demolished by a bomb, and the party walls in a dangerous condition. The house adjoining was also severely damaged. A gas main had broken in the ruins and there was a heavy discharge of gas. The superintendent of the Fire Brigade directed operations for the release of Mrs Stribling, the wife of the landlord of the Carlton Hotel, and sent her to St Mary’s Hospital. The work of rescue was carried out under most dangerous conditions by reason of ruins, topping walls and coal gas discharge. During the operations warning was given of a second air raid’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). EGAN, Nora LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For great courage shown at an outbreak of fire in an explosives factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/83 (where her name is indexed incorrectly as ‘Norah Egan’). EGGLESTONE, William LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage in fighting a fire at an explosives factory, at very grave personal risk’. EL ABADI, Khidr Ahmed, Sheikh, Egyptian Army LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for Egypt, was to be dated 3 June 1919. The BEM (Military Division) was forwarded to the Foreign Office in March 1920 for presentation. El Abadi, who was based in Khartoum, was due to receive his award from the Governor General of the Sudan, Lord Allenby having forwarded the medal to him for that purpose in July 1920 (TNA ref: FO 372/1503/ T3224 and FO 372/1517/T9619). ELLENDER, William, Fireman, Gillingham Volunteer Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Joseph Plewis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 114 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ELLIOTT, Ellen, 16075 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at No. 5, RFA, at Catterick (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/84. ELLIOTT, George Henry Berry LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For great courage and high example in connection with specially dangerous work at a Filling Factory often causing ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ELLIOTT, George Thomas, DCM, S/16775 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. ELLIOTT, William Charles, 22245 Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for Italy, was to be dated 3 June 1919. ELSDEN, Elizabeth, 15345 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Aged 63, Elsden had served two years in the Women’s Legion and one year in the QMAAC and was ‘strongly recommended for good service’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the Depot of the Warwickshire Regiment (TNA ref: WO 162/65). ELVINS, Dorothy, 5851 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. EMANUEL, Simeon, Special Constable, E Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Joined up in August 1914. Performed 202 duties and was afterwards from June 1916 on my staff as motor-man to myself and the Division. He supplied his own car, which has often carried as many a dozen men. I have no hesitation in saying that he was one of the most fearless and brave men I know. He would go out, and did not once but whenever a Raid was in progress, and take men to their different Tube Stations and would come back and take either myself or whoever was visiting Tubes and Shelters everywhere. He wanted to go with no heed to falling shrapnel, and on one occasion when St Pancras Station was struck a large piece of granite actually lodged in the car as he and I were proceeding from Russell Square Tube to Euston Road. This man also took Wellington Street Point for 8 hours during the Police Strike in 1918 and received a lot of rough handling (vide photographs in picture papers). He is a thoroughly reliable man in any emergency and is still serving’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). EMERY, Lilian Mary, 41490 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. ENEFER, Ellen Hilda, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. 115 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ENGLEFIELD, Richard Charles LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. PROVENANCE: Englefield’s medal, in its case of issue, is in the Alan Seldon collection (2011). ENGLISH, Thomas Bartlett, 38700 Sgt, Worcestershire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. ENTERLINE, Fairy Marshall LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion of a fire and explosion at an Explosives Factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). EPPS, Stephen, Fireman, Cotton Powder Company’s Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for Guy Tassell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ESPIE, Hugh Sim LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. ETHERIDGE, Henry, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. EVANS, David William, S/ 44354 Pte (A/Sgt), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. EVANS, Frank Cyril LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For self-sacrifice in continuing to work, though blind in one eye and the other affected, caused by an accident at work, and in spite of constant pain’. EVANS, Fred LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. EVANS, James LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. EVANS, May LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in assisting to stop a fire in an explosives factory at considerable danger to her life’. A probable portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/86. The reverse of the photograph records her name as ‘Miss F Mary Evans’ and quotes a date 9 March 1918: perhaps the date of the presentation. EVANS, Mrs May Florence, Chief Section Leader (Clerk), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The BEM was presented to Evans by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A probable portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/85 (where her name is incorrectly indexed as ‘Mrs M J Evans’). The reverse of the photograph notes her address as 10 Exeter Road, Southsea. 116 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 EVANS, William LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For great courage. He crawled through a flue and removed a blockage, at imminent risk of his life from acid and chemical fumes’. EVERARD, Ethel Roy, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. EVERETT, Ethel, 9964 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Preston Barracks at Brighton (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of the recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/85, which describes her as ‘Mrs Ethel Leverett’. The reverse of the photograph notes the bestowal was on 3 June 1919 and that ‘Leverett’ had joined the Women’s Legion in February 1917, then transferred to the Mobile Section, QMAAC on 19 October 1917, and was promoted to Forewoman Waitress and Senior NCO at Preston Barracks, Brighton. An address, St Clair, 316 Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, is also noted; presumably Everett’s residence. EVISON, John LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of an explosion at a filling factory, when at grave personal risk he extinguished a fire’. EXALL, John, Station Officer, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Abraham Robinson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Previously, Exall had received the SPLF bronze medal (1919) and he was subsequently awarded the KPM in 1927 (Willoughby & Wilson, 2012). EYERS, William James LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For great courage at an Explosives Factory. He made repeated efforts to enter a burning building to rescue a fellow worker in spite of personal injuries’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 117 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Assistant Forewoman Cook Kate East, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps Senior Writer Dorothy Evelyn French, Women’s Royal Naval Service Clerk Mattie Julia Christabel Fox, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps 118 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 F FAGAN, Francis, Special Constable LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For rescuing a drowning man from Holyhead Harbour in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. FAINT, Ada, 38855 Housemaid (Act Nursing Orderly), Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Faint enrolled in the QMAAC in May 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the 2nd Life Guards at Windsor, a more specific draft noting she: ‘Had entire charge of sick-bay during severe epidemic of influenza: has faithfully and devotedly carried out the duties of a Forewomen Nurse, and is a most conscientious and reliable member’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). FAIRER, Henry, Ambulance Driver, Ambulance Column, London District LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross Work in connection with Air Raids’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Attended all raids. Specially valuable services when Southampton Row was bombed’ to which ‘Exposed himself to great danger’ is added in pencil, his address being noted as Lancaster House, East Dulwich Grove, SE22 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). FAIRLEY, William, Superintendent, Glasgow Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. See also the entry for William Waddell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). FAIRWEATHER, William LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. FAIRWEATHER, William Murray LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. FAKELEY, Ethel Emily, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. FALCONER, David, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty entailing work of a very trying character’. FARMER, Emma, 9087 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at No. 3 Rest Camp, Folkestone (TNA ref: WO 162/65). FARR, Tess, 9233 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the School of Instruction, Hertford (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, indexed as ‘Far’, under reference DEC 6/87. 119 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE FARRANT, George, 534200 Sergeant-Major, 10th Hussars LG (28 September 1921, p.7637): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (to be dated 25 July 1921). The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘At Adavoyle on 24 June 1921, on the occasion of the derailing by rebels of a troop train conveying a party of the 10th Hussars with horses, [this Warrant Officer] showed the greatest disregard for personal safety whilst engaged in the rescue of horses from the broken trucks. This Warrant Officer repeatedly entered the trucks containing the kicking and maddened horses and effected their release’. Further details about Farrant are noted in the DNW catalogue of 25 September 2008 thus: ‘George Farrant served with the 10th Hussars in the Boer War as a Private and in the Great War as a Sergeant, becoming Squadron Sergeant-Major by the end of the war. He was wounded on 8 August 1918 during the attack and capture of the line of the Amiens outer defences which began that day. He was awarded the LS&GC Medal in Army Order 305 of October 1918. In 1920, the 10th Royal Hussars were stationed in Ireland, and at the end of the year they were at Hare Park, Curragh. He was awarded the Medal of the OBE for his gallantry in saving horses of his regiment from the broken trucks of a train derailed in June 1921 by Sinn Fein rebels who had removed a section of line and placed bombs in the gap. Three soldiers and the guard were killed and two soldiers wounded. Farrant received his award at an Investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922, together with Farrier SSM Cox, of the 10th Hussars, and seven others from different regiments’ (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]). PROVENANCE: Farrant’s medals, consisting of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division) unnamed as issued, Queen’s South Africa Medal 1899-1902, 5 clasps, Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Transvaal, South Africa 1901, South Africa 1902 (4551 Pte. G. Farrant, 10th Rl. Hussars), 1914 Star, with clasp (4551 Sgt. G. Farrant, 10/Hrs.), British War and Victory Medals (4551 W.O.Cl.2., 10-Hrs.), and Army LS&GC Medal, GVR, 1st issue (H-47024 Sq: S.Mjr: G. Farrant, 10/Hrs:) cleaned and mounted court style, were sold at DNW, 25 September 2008, lot 290, VF or better, £2,300 (hammer price). FAUTLEY, Alfred William James LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and resource in stopping a fire in highly inflammable material, at the risk of his life and at the cost of severe injuries’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Fautley (who was noted as being from Camberwell) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). FEENEY, James Patrick, 69545 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Feeney was born in Sligo on 22 July 1899 and was appointed to the RIC on 1 October 1918, being posted as a Constable to Clare. His rank is illegible on the service record: he may have been a Sergeant by 1922. He is noted as having received two 1st class Favourable Records, dated 19 July 1920 and 24 June 1921. He was discharged on 20 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/36). FELCHER, Solomon, ex-Sergeant, H Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘He joined at the institution of the Section on August 25 1914, was at once made Sergeant and I never had cause to regret the selection, though he had been little known to me previously. He remained doing duty until 2 days before he went in the Army, which was April 27 1917 remaining to October 13 1919. Between the two dates he never missed a single duty and, in addition, volunteered for several extra ones. The number performed by him was 832. For part of the period he carried out the duty of Acting Sub-Inspector. But the outstanding feature of his service was that of assistant drill instructor, thus enabling me to devote myself to more general supervision. This portion of Felcher’s work entailed 132 attendances on Saturday afternoons, (included in the figures of the preceding paragraph) and must 120 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 have entailed much self-sacrifice. At all times he conducted himself in a way that was an example and a lead to every man of the section’; Felcher’s address is noted as 22 Eric Street, Mile End, E1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). FELTON, Charles Francis, Chief Officer, Bury St Edmunds Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 7 May 1915 a Zeppelin visited Bury St Edmunds and dropped over 50 bombs causing serious fires in three parts of the town. It was due to Captain Felton’s daring and capability that the fires were prevented from spreading’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). FENTON, John William, Sergeant, W Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the occasion of the Air Raid at Streatham Station on the night of 23 September 1916, Sergeant John William Fenton was a passenger on the tram which was shattered by a bomb killing amongst others the Conductor who was standing next to him. Sergeant Fenton rendered most valuable aid to the upmost of his ability until the arrival of the Ambulance Section. Half an hour after the occurrence he reported at the Police Station for ordinary routine duty, midnight to 4am. I can personally vouch for Sergeant Fenton’s conduct on this occasion as I arrived on the scene within a couple of minutes of the bomb falling’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). FENWICK, Mrs Alice, VAD & Nursing Member, West Riding, Yorkshire Branch, British Red Cross Society LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and coolness when her hospital was set on fire by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Excellent service as VAD Nurse and conspicuous courage and steadiness when her hospital was set on fire by hostile aircraft. Went out whilst bombs were dropping to fetch surgical instruments for doctor’, while her address was noted as Acomb House, York, and her maiden name noted as Lindberg (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). FERGUSON, Agnes LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For high example and courage on the occasion of three explosions in a filling factory’. FERRIS, William Stanley, Shipwright LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For valuable service, frequently under conditions involving personal risk’. FIDDES, Margaret, 17122 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Cavalry Barracks, York (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/88 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). FIELD, Herbert, Lance-Corporal, 1st London Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raids’. FINBOW, Rosa Frances LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in returning to work after serious injury to her face through an explosion’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Finbow (who was noted as being from Hampstead) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the 121 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/89. The reverse of the photograph notes that the ‘accident occurred 26 April 1917’ and quotes her address as 82 Seven Sisters Road, Holloway. FINCH, William Charles, 6446112 Pte, 1st Battalion, Royal Fusiliers LG (28 September 1921, p.7637): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (to be dated 25 August 1921). The original recommendation in WO35, for services in Ireland, notes how he: ‘Displayed the greatest courage when one of a curfew patrol [which was] fired on by the rebels at Kenmare on 10 July 1921. Though wounded in the left arm and in acute pain, he continued to fire throughout the action, refusing to have his wound dressed until the situation was restored. This young soldier showed fine military spirit throughout the action’. A somewhat fuller recommendation, in WO141, describes how: ‘At Kenmare on 10 July 1921, Private Finch, when one of the curfew patrol fired upon at close range by the rebels, was wounded through his left arm which caused him to drop his rifle. Although suffering great pain, he picked up his rifle and shot the man who had wounded him. It was only with the greatest difficulty that Private Finch could be persuaded to return to barracks and have his wound dressed and even when this had been done, he assisted to man the parapet outside the barracks and continued to fire. Private Finch is only 18 years of age and set a fine example of pluck and determination’. Finch received his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922 (TNA ref: WO 35/181 and WO 141/54; see also J P Kelleher The 1st Battalion Royal Fusiliers Ireland 1920-1922, London: Fusiliers Museum, 2003, p.10). FINDLAY, George LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For great courage and resource at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, thereby preventing loss of life and damage to plant’. FINLAYSON, Mary Davis, 2955 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. FINLAYSON, William Thompson LG (15 January 1919, p.803): ‘For great courage and resource. He remained in a building filled with poisonous fumes to carry out a necessary operation at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, which notes him as ‘W F Findlayson’, states: ‘On the night of 9 August 1918, when an accident took place on the ‘H.S.’ Plant at this factory, Mr Finlayson [age 23], who was at the time suffering from the effects of ‘H’ and was not on duty on this part of the plant, on hearing of the difficulties encountered by Messrs Gordon and Wolstenholme, who were struggling to repair the damage caused by a spill of ‘H’ in the Bubbler House, volunteered to give them a hand. Owing to the presence of ‘H’ fumes and liquid, the work was dangerous and difficult. Mr Findlayson rendered very valuable assistance until he was exhausted, and had to be sent to the Factory Hospital. Mr Findlayson’s action was a striking example of devotion to duty to all concerned, as he had been previously incapacitated and had been an inmate of the Infirmary from the effects of ‘H’, [and he] was fully aware of the grave risk he was running’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also the entry here for Allan Armstrong Rosenblum). FISH, Ivy Grace, 967 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. FISHER, Jane LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in assisting to stop a fire in an explosives factory at considerable danger to her life’. 122 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 FISHER, John LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. FISHER, Maude LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For great courage shown at an outbreak of fire in an explosives factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/90 (where her name is recorded as ‘Maud Fisher’). FITZPATRICK, Michael LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in attempting to save part of an explosives factory at great risk of his life’. FLEMMING, Charles John, 7814052 Private, Machine Gun Corps LG (18 February 1921, p.1361): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (Military Division). Details of the incident leading to the award are given, albeit without Flemming being specifically named, in the Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21…(1922) thus: ‘At Bruree on 29 July 1920 during the ambush of a small party by about 50 armed rebels, a private soldier of the 1st Bn. Machine Gun Corps volunteered to replenish the ammunition which was running short. The actions lasted about one and a half hours and it was extremely dangerous for anyone to leave the building. The man dressed himself in civilian clothes and seized a bicycle, which was beside the building, and made off with it. He succeeded in making his escape and brought back help to the beleaguered force. It was entirely owing to his courage and initiative that the party escaped annihilation’. Of the three recipients of the BEM for Ireland who were members of the MGC, Flemming is the only one whose details fit the account. Missing the investiture in Dublin on 21 March 1921, Flemming (also noted as ‘Fleming’) was informally presented with his medal on 26 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.60 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]; The Machine Gunner, 1: 2: 41). PROVENANCE: A BEM (unnamed as issued), falsely purporting to be Flemming’s, together with a renamed BWM and Victory Medal pair (to which he was not entitled), are known (2012). FLETCHER, Elizabeth LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage shown on several occasions of fire in a munitions factory’. FLEURY, Arthur William LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. FLINTOFF, Bertha, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during an air-raid’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/91 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the photograph notes the recommendation was made by the Postmaster of Sheffield thus: ‘On the occasion (25-26 September 1916) when bombs were actually dropped in Sheffield, [she] reported for duty at the Attercliffe Telephone Exchange and maintained the service although bombs were dropping around her, and the Caretaker Operator had retired to the basement. The district being amongst the large munition works in the East End of the City, her services were specially valuable in summoning the Fire Brigade and Ambulances’. FLOOD, Archibald William, S/19308 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. FLOWER, May, 12574 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Flower enrolled in the QMAAC on 1 November 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 123 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 689 Employment Company at City Road, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for excellent work and unfailing willingness at all times’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). FLOYD, George LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. FOLEY, Herbert George, Fireman, Cotton Powder Company’s Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for Guy Tassell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). FORBES, Florence May, 2995 Forewoman Nurse, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the Receiving Depot for Overseas at Folkestone (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/92. FORBES, Margaret, 209 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23: these do not appear however to have been issued to her. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/93. FORDYCE, Margaret Ingram, 14148 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Having enrolled in the Women’s Legion in November 1917, Fordyce transferred to the QMAAC in May 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the OCD at Eastbourne, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member has set a splendid example of loyal, conscientious work, and great devotion to duty’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/94. FORREST, Albert Edward LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on YMCA work in forward areas with the Army [3rd Australian Division, AIF] in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For continuous good services. Mr Forrest has done excellent work in the interests of fighting troops. He has perfected his organisation in the field to such an extent that he has been able to continuously supply fighting troops with a free distribution of hot coffee and biscuits during operations, and in the trench system while holding the line. He has paid particular attention to comforts for wounded at Advanced Dressing Stations and forward posts, and throughout whole periods of attachments has not spared any effort to be of the greatest use to the Division’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). FORROW, Thomas, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Hughes Fields, Deptford, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. FOSTER, Albert Edward, T/471 S/Sgt (T/Arm S-M) Royal Army Ordnance Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. 124 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 FOSTER, Charles LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Foster (who was noted as being from Woolwich), ‘for descending a manhole to rescue a man after another man had failed to effect a rescue’, on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). FOSTER, Charles William, S/RSR/04371 Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. FOSTER, James Harold LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in helping to extinguish a fire at cost of serious injuries to himself’. FOSTER, Robert Baldwin LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For great courage and presence of mind in assisting to extinguish a fire in a filling factory’. FOSTER, Stanley John, Chargeman of Labourers LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘On the occasion of an explosion on board the warship Baden, he assisted in lifesaving at great personal risk from poisonous fumes’. FOSTER, Thorpe LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage on the occasion of an explosion at a munitions works. He was three times overwhelmed by falling debris while successive explosions were occurring, but went on with the work of safeguarding the plant’. FOUNTAIN, Daniel, Fireman, Watford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Henry Morris Pratchett (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). FOX, Gladys Mary, 2581 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. FOX, Horace Mays LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. FOX, Hubert LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. FOX, Mattie Julia Christabel, 2545 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/95. FOXEN, William James LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For great courage and devotion to duty at a filling factory, particularly on the occasion of an explosion and during air raids’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 125 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE FRAIL, Nelly, 3594 Asst Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Receiving Depot, Edinburgh (TNA ref: WO 162/65). FRANCE, Harold, Fireman, Bradford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for James Scott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). FRANCE, Thornton LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For courage and resource shown while working in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘As General overseer of the C.G. Plant [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead], this man has shown great devotion to duty, combined with courage in handling dangerous leakages of gas’, his address being given as c/o the United Alkali Co, Gateshead and later as 14 Ripon Street, Gateshead (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). FRANCIS, Bernard John LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a fellow-worker’. FRANCIS, George, 6837149 CSM, The Kings Royal Rifle Corps LG (15 March 1921, p.2171): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. FRANCIS, John Henry Sidney, DCM, MM, 6837103 Company Sergeant-Major, King’s Royal Rifle Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) list this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. FRANCKEISS, Frederick John, 22606 S/Sgt (A/Supt Clerk) Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. Franckeiss had previously been awarded the Meritorious Service Medal as an Eng. Clk. Sergeant ‘in recognition of valuable service rendered with the Armies in the Field during the present war’ (LG, 1 January 1918, p.69), while in WWII he was awarded a MID for services in Italy (LG, 23 May 1946; see also TNA ref: WO 373/90). PROVENANCE: The Medal of the Order (unnamed) to Franckeiss, together with his 1914 Star trio (22606 L/Cpl and WOI, RE), 1935 Jubilee Medal, 1937 Coronation Medal, Army LS&GC Medal (GV, uncrowned head), MSM (GV, immediate award), French Medal of Honour, and an MID for WWII (though without his WWII campaign medals), are in a private US collection (2012). FRASER, Elspeth Isabella, 16079 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at No. 5, RFA, at Catterick (TNA ref: WO 162/65). FRASER, Robert LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. FRAZER, Frank Charles LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in preventing an explosion in a filling factory at great personal risk, though partly blinded and suffering considerable pain from explosion’. FREDERICO, Arthur Oscar, Hired Chief Engineer, Yard Craft LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage in volunteering for service in victualling craft in a danger area’. The Medal, apparently for service aboard the Tank Vessel Blossom at Mudros, was presented to Frederico via the SNO at Gibraltar on 10 September 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). 126 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 FREEMAN, Charles, M/16760 Private (Acting Lance-Corporal), Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) list this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. FREEMAN, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For courage and high example, working in a poisonous atmosphere although severely injured several times’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). FRENCH, Miss Dorothy Evelyn, Senior Writer, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Weekly Irish Times (17 May 1919, p.6) announced the award and noted the recipient was Irish. The Medal was presented to French by the SNO at Malta on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). French was based in Malta for a time during the war, thus gaining entitlement to the British War Medal. PROVENANCE: French’s medals, consisting of the BEM and BWM (WRNS), are in the RN Museum Portsmouth. FRENCH, William, Station Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at South Vale, Blackheath, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. FROST, Albert LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For great courage and resource shown on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory, at grave personal risk’. FRUDE, Kate, 2734 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/96. FUGGLE, John Henry LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory. Although injured, he remained in a badly damaged building, shutting off steam valves and drawing the fires’. FULLER, Edith, 9001 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Central Siege School at Lydd (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/97. FULLER, Kate, 3218 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Fuller served with both the Women’s Legion and the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Hostel, Bristol (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/98. The reverse of the photograph indicates she was presented with her medal on 31 May 1920. 127 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE FYTCHE, Gertrude, 8541 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Fytche enrolled in the QMAAC in October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 689 Employment Company, at City Road, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘An enthusiastic, loyal and devoted worker, whose courage and splendid example averted a panic during an air-raid, on several occasions. She has always risen to the occasion in times of stress and difficulty, and has cheerfully undertaken heavy and arduous work’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 128 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 G GADD, Charles Sidney LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. GAFFORD, Mrs Emily, Caretaker-Operator, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. GAFOOR, Abdul LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. GALLACHER, Francis LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. GALLOWAY, Arthur Henry, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Hughes Fields, Deptford, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. GARDINER, George Broughton, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GARDINER, William, Station Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Gardiner was also gazetted (LG, 1 January 1917) with the KPM for gallantry following an air raid in September 1916. The recommendation for the latter (TNA ref: HO 45/10954/306338) describes how: ‘On the night of 23/24 September 1916 there was an attack by enemy airships on London, and bombs were dropped within 150 yards of the fire station where Station Officer Gardiner was on duty. In spite of the interruption of the fire alarm currents, he was able by intelligent manipulation of the switchboard to find out which alarms were being pulled. He then supervised the extrication of injured persons trapped in dangerous ruins, and then showed promptitude in dealing with a fire before it could spread’. GARDNER, James, Ex-Air Mechanic I, RNAS LG (11 June 1918, p.6895): ‘For courage and presence of mind in extinguishing, at great personal risk and with difficulty, a fire on a loaded ammunition lorry’. 129 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE GARFIELD, Elijah LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For courage and presence of mind in running his train, two of the wagons of which were ablaze, away from proximity to an explosives factory’. The covering letter for the recommendation for the award states Garfield worked as an Engine Driver (clock no. 3001) at HM Factory at Gretna, though the original recommendation has not been located (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). GARNER, Harry Owen, Turncock, Metropolitan Water Board LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire caused by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘As a result of an Air Raid on 8 September 1915, a fire occurred in Lamb’s Court Passage, Theobald’s Road, Holborn. Turncock Garner with other Turncocks was called to the fire, when it was found that the only exit from the burning building was cut off as a means of escape owing to the fire. Turncock Garner at great danger to himself fixed a hydrant and connected a hose thereto, although the heat was so intense that it was necessary for a soldier to hold his overcoat over Garner’s head to shield him from the heat. This action enabled the Fire Brigade to act more expeditiously and eighteen persons were eventually saved from the burning building. Turncock Garner was awarded a Certificate of Commendation by the London Fire Brigade as a recognition of his gallantry’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GARRIOCK, Andrew Gilbert, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. GARSIDE, W LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For great courage in performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On occasions of serious leakage of C.G. at the joints of the C.G. tanks [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead] in order to assure the continuation of shell charging, these men in grave danger have performed most excellent actions. Their behavior on all occasions of danger has been most praiseworthy’; his address being given as c/o G H Coop, Egrett Mill, Old Street, Ashton-under-Lyne (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). GARTH, Richard, Sergeant, Lancaster Fire Brigade LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Behaved with, great gallantry on the occasion of a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory (see TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). GASCOYNE, Kate, 4535 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/100 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Kate Gascoigne’). GASKIN, C C, 220313 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). GATENBY, Arthur LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and resource in helping to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory at grave personal risk’. 130 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 GEDDIE, Mary, 3889 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Depot Hostel, Edinburgh (TNA ref: WO 162/65). GEMSON, Florence Elizabeth LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage in continuing at her work in a telephone exchange, although an ammunition dump was on fire close at hand and shells were bursting all round, some even entering the building’. GEORGE, Alfred, S/15341 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. GIBBONS, Robert William, Labourer LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and presence of mind during an air raid’. GIBSON, Clarissa, 4427 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at No. 4 Depot, RFA, Woolwich (TNA ref: WO 162/65). GIBSON, Innes E LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Gibson receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). GIBSON, James John LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. GIBSON, Mary, Munition Worker LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. Although severely burned by the explosion of a fuse, she carried it outside the magazine away from contact with other explosive matter’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/102. GIBSON, W G, 288931 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). GIBSON, Violet Dorethea Francis, 20958 Quarters, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the MT Depot at Sydenham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/101 (where her name is recorded as ‘F Violet D Gibson’). GILBERT, Victor George William LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous service in performing highly dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 131 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE GILCHRIST, William LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For self-sacrifice and high example in persisting in work which is often dangerous, though suffering from an incurable disease and often suffering great pain’. GILLEN, Robert, Skilled Workman LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great zeal and courage in carrying out telegraph work under dangerous conditions’. GILLETT, Albert LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For courage and high example in performing dangerous duties although several times severely injured’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). GILLIGAN, Maud, 3963 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Gilligan enrolled in the QMAAC in May 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Oreghorn, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for conscientious work and great devotion to duty. This member has shown great esprit de corps and is an excellent Forewoman’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). GILLINGS, John, Inspector, K Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Inspector Gillings was the officer who took principal charge of the High Point at Hainault. This Point was first stationed at Cranbook Castle (the Military took it over but never occupied it). Inspector Gillings had to man Hainault for twenty-four hours and was on duty many days for most of the time when a Raid was on. THE information ‘phoned from the Station was of exceptional service in helping the defence against Enemy Aircraft for which he was very highly commended. Hainault was exposed to falling shrapnel as well as bombs. Nearly always when Enemy Aircraft attacked London they passed over this Point. Inspector Gillings took his share of the duties required of the Division by the Police at the Silvertown Explosion, when he was posted for duty where he was in considerable danger of being blown up, as so much TNT was lying about. Number of duties done by Inspector Gillings was over a thousand’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). GILLON, Helen, 13605 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Receiving Depot, Edinburgh (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/103. GINDER, Edward Francis, 39855 Sgt, Worcestershire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. GIRVAN, Thomas, Fireman, Glasgow Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘or conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. Girvan was elected for this award by his comrades. See also the entry for William Waddell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 132 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 GITTINGS, Elsie Priscilla, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. GITTINGS, Phyllis, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. GLADWIN, Marie Winifred, 11484 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘…in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. The DNW catalogue of 19 September 2003 notes that: ‘Marie Winifred Gladwin was a Hostel Forewoman serving with Queen Mary’s Auxiliary Army Corps at Camp III at Abbeville, and also at St Pol, in France. She died intestate in a nursing home in London on 31 March 1932, after many years of illness’. PROVENANCE: Gladwin’s medals, consisting of the BEM (unnamed), BWM and VM (11484 Fwn. M. W. Gladwin, QMAAC), formed part of the John Tamplin collection and were sold by DNW on 19 September 2003, lot 117, EF, £350 (hammer price); they were resold there on 17 September 2009, lot 288, VF, £580 (hammer price); and now exist in a private UK collection (2011). GLEESON, Michael LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Gleeson receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). GLUYAS, E, Senior Engine Driver, Metropolitan Water Board LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when his pumping station was injured by bombs’. The original recommendation for the award is contained in a letter from H F Hutter of the Engineers Office at the Metropolitan Water Board to Charles Perrin at the Ministry of Health, dated 2 January 1920, which states: ‘Air Raid, 29 and 30 January 1918: I understand from Mr Goodman that you desire to be furnished with some particulars of the conduct of Mr E Gluyas, at present Foreman of the Kew Bridge Pumping Station, at the time of the raid Senior Engine Driver on duty. I therefore have pleasure in sending you the following brief account of his conduct, which was most praiseworthy. Mr E Gluyas, Senior Engine Driver, was on duty driving a large Cornish Pumping Engine. About 11.45pm two explosive bombs were dropped by enemy aircraft close to the engine house. Most of the window glass was shattered and fell inside the house in showers. The gas supply failed and the pressure in the mains fell at once to a very low level. It was impossible to ascertain the actual level from the gauges owing to the darkness and to the necessity for hand working the engines. The private telephone wires had been blown away and nothing had been heard from Mr Finch, Foreman of the Station. It was ascertained subsequently that Mr Finch together with another Foreman was killed. Eventually Mr Gluyas stopped his engine, and after examining all the plant in the boiler house and stokehold to ascertain that steam and feed pipes were intact, he sent another man to restart his engine. Lamps had by this time been procured and lighted. After this, Mr Gluyas examined the standpipe, as the doorway to the tower had been blown open by the explosion. No damage was indicated. He then found that a 5” water main had been broken and this was shut down. By this time Mr Gluyas had received information that a 30” water main and also a 24” main were broken. These two mains were immediately shut off. It should be noted that Mr Gluyas remained at his post and continued to work the engine with two trunk mains broken and without lights in the house at great danger. The conduct of Mr Gluyas is particularly worthy of note. His intimate acquaintance with the works and the mains and readiness of resource in directing the other men were of the greatest possible value. Mr Gluyas on the strong recommendation of the District Engineer was subsequently appointed Foreman of the Pumping Station in succession of the late Foreman who was killed at his post on the night of the raid’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 133 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE GODFREY, C, 128446 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). GODFREY, Margaret Annie Louise, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during an air-raid’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/104. GODFREY, Robert William, Diver, Admiralty Salvage Section LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in Gallipoli, diving on many occasions when the beaches were being shelled’. GODIN, Louis LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage in assisting to subdue fires at an explosives Factory in Canada, and in long-continued working in a very dangerous atmosphere’. GODWIN, Florence, 11464 Asst Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Greengate West, Hartlepool (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/105 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). PROVENANCE: Godwin’s medal, in case of issue, with related documentation, was sold by Locke & England, Leamington Spa, 2001. GOKAL, Tehmurasp Nosherwanji LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in India in connection with the War’. GOLDING, Annie, 9909 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Glen Parva Barracks, Leicester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). GOLDING, Miss Violet Gladys LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The original unpublished citation for the award states: ‘For devotion to duty in resuming work after losing a finger and thumb through an accident in the making of detonators’ and notes she lived at 11 Cross Street, West Dunstable (TNA ref: HO 45/13340; see also the Weekly Irish Times, 1 September 1917, p.4). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/106. The reverse of the photograph records that: ‘On 27 July 1916 she lost a finger and thumb through an explosion of detonators. After recovering from her wound, she resumed work in the same department thus courageously setting an example to the other girls’. GOLDNEY, Ralph LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The citation was reported in the Daily Mirror (Saturday, 25 August 1917, p.2) thus: ‘For devotion to duty. Remained at his work at a filling-factory when suffering from mercurial poisoning due to dealing with fulminate of mercury, and although advised by the doctor that he would not recover while in contact with it, he continued to carry out his duties until other people could be trained to replace him’. Goldney (who was from Willesden) received his medal from the Duke of Bedford at Middlesex Guildhall on Monday 29 April 1918 (The Times, 30 April 1918, p.3). 134 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 GOLDSMITH, Henry William, Fireman, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Abraham Robinson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GOMMERSALL, William LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For several acts of great courage and self sacrifice’. GOODBOURN, Frank Richard, Motorman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GOODE, James, Chief Officer, Norwich Fire Brigade Faversham LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for Guy Tassell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GOODENOUGH, Edna LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For continuing to work after suffering serious injuries through an explosion, resulting in loss of right eye’. Goodenough (who was from Ealing) received her medal from the Duke of Bedford at Middlesex Guildhall on Monday 29 April 1918 (The Times, 30 April 1918, p.3). GOODWIN, Arthur William Edward, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board of a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition dump’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GORDON, Harry LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage and resource. He remained in a building, filled with poisonous fumes, to carry out a necessary operation at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘On the night of 9 August 1918, a spill of ‘H’ took place in the Bubbler House at this factory, Mr Gordon [age 25, a chemist] showed courage and resource in dealing with the difficult situation arising out of this accident. The house where the spill occurred was full of ‘H’ fumes, and the Reaction Vessel was dripping the ‘H’; notwithstanding this dangerous condition Mr Gordon, with the assistance of a fellow Chemist, and Process Worker Tritton, proceeded to draw off the completed Charge and start another. He remained on duty till 1am when he collapsed, and had to be removed to the Factory Hospital; his injuries were so severe that he had subsequently to be removed to the Bristol Infirmary, of which he is still an inmate. Mr Gordon although fully aware of the dangers to which he was exposed set an example of a high standard of duty to his colleagues and workmen’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also the entry here for Allan Armstrong Rosenblum). GORMAN, Harry LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage. At grave personal risk he twice descended a shaft and attempted to rescue two workmen who were overcome by sewer-gas. On his second descent he was himself overcome and was with difficulty extricated’. GORMAN, William James, Fireman, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7305): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Abraham Robinson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). For details of Gorman’s SPLF bronze medal (for services in 1919) see Willoughby & Wilson (2012). PROVENANCE: A BEM purporting to be Gorman’s, named on the edge ‘W. J. Gorman’, was sold at DNW, 6 May 1992, lot 400, GVF, £110 (hammer price); then, a more substantial group to Gorman, consisting of the George Medal, EIIR issue (named William James Gorman, OBE, BEM), Medal of the Order of the British Empire, first type (named William James Gorman), Queen’s Medal for Distinguished Fire Service, EIIR first type (named Ch. Off. William J Gorman, BEM, Hong Kong 135 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Fire Brigade), SPLF bronze medal (named Fireman William J Gorman, Canning Town, 1918), and 1953 Coronation Medal, were sold at Stacey’s Auctioneers, Rayleigh, Essex, 19 April 2010, lot 712, with lot 713 being Gorman’s miniatures – these also including his OBE, War and Defence Medals, and Association of Professional Fire Brigade Officers Long Service Medal in silver, but excluding his SPLF medal. More recently, a further enlarged group, with an OBE (Civil Division, 2nd type), Defence and War Medals added, were sold at DNW on 16 September 2010, lot 1558, £8000 (hammer price). GOSLING, James LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Gosling (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). GOTT, Ernest, 4380564 L/Cpl, The Green Howards LG (17 June 1921, p.4887): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘This NCO displayed the greatest coolness and gallantry on the occasion of an ambush by superior forces of rebels [on 2 May 1921 near Lackelly]. Lance-Corporal Gott was the only NCO present with the small party of 11 other ranks and a five and a half hour fight ensued before the ambushers were beaten off’. Gott received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181 see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]). GOWLER, Willie, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at 65 Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. GRACE, Olive Emily, 22626 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. GRAINGER, James LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in having, on two occasions, continued at his work in an explosives factory under circumstances of great danger, thereby stopping further damage’. GRANSON, Annie, 24532 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. In Granson’s case these were issued to her as ‘Gramson’ (WO 372/23). GRANT, Miss Annie LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For courage and devotion to duty although severely injured’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PROVENANCE: Grant’s medal, named ‘Annie M Grant 1914-1918 War’ on the rim, with its case of issue, is in in a private South African collection (2011). GRASHAM, Lilian Florence, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a serious explosion’. 136 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 GRAVENER, J H, Chief Officer, Ealing Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘The principal fire attended by this Brigade was that on 2 February 1917 at the Purex Works, Greenford, where a quantity of high explosives were stored. Great difficulty was experienced in getting the steamers to work as all the hydrants with the exception of one were frozen. The Ealing Brigade assisted the Wembley Brigade in placing their steamer on an elevated bank of the canal so that they could pump water in a dam to supply other engines. The work of fighting the fire was carried out within a few yards of a large dump of high explosives. They also assisted in removing some Railway trucks containing explosives’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Award also to Second Officer S Oliver. GRAY, Miss Alice LG (20 January 1922, p.549): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct’. Gray received her award under the King’s special authority of August 1920, which extended the Medal to the RIC and DMP for cases of gallant conduct in Ireland. The recommendation for the award, dated 21 November 1921, stated: ‘I am directed by the Lord Lieutenant to state for the information of the Secretary of State that His Excellency desires to recommend for the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, Civil Division, Miss Alice Grey [sic], at present employed under the Chief of Police in Ireland. This lady, who is an experienced nurse aged about 55 years, was employed during the recent troubles in this country as a searcher of women suspected of acting as agents of the so called Irish Republican Army. On the 4th March 1921, she accompanied a party of military and RIC under Lt Wilson of the 1st Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Regiment upon a lorry patrol in Co Leitrim. On the homeward journey as the patrol was passing Sheemore Hill, Ballinwing, near Leitrim, fire was opened on them from a wall surrounding a wood some 200 feet above and 200 yards from the road. The patrol took cover. While Lt Wilson and seven other of his men were attempting an out-flanking movement, he and three of the men were severely wounded. In spite of the intense hostile fire at the time, Miss Grey, without a moment’s hesitation and with a total disregard of her own safety, went to their assistance. To do this it was necessary for her to crawl about 200 yards along a wall which was less than 3 feet high. When she reached Lt Wilson she found him writhing in pain and had to hold him down whilst she bandaged his wound. She then attended to the wounds of the three men, who had been hit, going into the open under fire to do so. After this she collected the rifles and ammunition from the wounded and re-distributed them to the men armed only with revolvers. Finally she helped to place the four wounded in the lorry at terrible danger to herself. Miss Grey’s coolness, courage and promptitude elicited the greatest praise and admiration from all who were present at the time, and His Excellency’s attention has been drawn to her gallantry both by the Police and by the Military, with the request in each case that her action should be suitably recognised’. Gray was presented with the Medal of the Order by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on 30 January 1922 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). GRAY, Mrs Grace Lizzie, Sub-Postmistress LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/107. The reverse of the photograph notes the date of bestowal as 28 May 1919. GREEN, Albert John, Chief Inspector, P Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Rendered excellent service during raids from hostile aircraft, frequently exposing himself to personal risk. Organised a “break down gang” which, under his direction, was the means of saving life after air-raids. Was specially commended by the Commissioner of Police and Chief Staff Officer, MSC, for his work. He did duties of a trying nature during the Anti-German riots’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 137 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE GREEN, Arthur LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and devotion to duty, often working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere, though suffering seriously from the effects of gas poisoning’. The original recommendation for the award, from the Castner-Kellner Alkali Co Ltd at Runcorn, notes how Green: ‘Was employed as Pipefitter on ‘H.S. Plant’ from the commencement through the experimental stage to the manufacturing stage. In the working of the process repairs were carried out by Green under very dangerous conditions. He always volunteered to do any repairs however dangerous in order to keep the process working. This often necessitated working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere. As a result of this he suffered from severe conjunctivitis and pharyngitis. He was under treatment from 2 to 6 May for bad throat and complete loss of voice. He returned to work before he was really cured and continued to work on the plant until 11 July when he had to report to the doctor for severe conjunctivitis and loss of voice. He was away from work until 27 July when he again volunteered for work on the plant but the doctor refused to sanction his return’; his address is noted as 7 Rose Street, Moore Lane, Widnes (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). GREEN, Frank Wallis LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and resource in subduing a fire at imminent personal risk’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Green (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). GREEN, Gordon LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on YMCA work in forward areas with the Army [attached to the 8th Australian Infantry Brigade] in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘From May to December 1918 Mr Green controlled the Brigade Soup Kitchen and YMCA under very trying conditions and although frequently under heavy shell fire he never failed to administer comforts to the troops. During the various tours in the line and the advance from Villers Bretonneux he established his YMCA well forward and always kept same well stocked with hot cocoa, cigarettes and comforts for all. This entailed frequent long journeys and a great amount of hard work. When out of the line he worked ceaselessly for the comfort and amusement of the troops. His untiring energy and cheerfulness won for him the admiration of all ranks’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). GREEN, Hetty, 5257 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the 24th Tank Corps, Officers Cadet Battalion, at Winchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). GREEN, John LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in dealing with acid and poisonous fumes’. GREEN, May LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage in continuing at her work in a telephone exchange, although an ammunition dump was on fire close at hand and shells were bursting all round, some even entering the building’. GREENAWAY, Percy Albert, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Sumner Street, Southwark, London, SE, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. 138 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 GREENBERG, Lion(el) Joseph, YMCA LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on YMCA work in forward areas with the Army [attached to the 5th Australian Division] in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Mr Greenberg has been YMCA Representative with the Fifth Australian Division for over 12 months, and has rendered most valuable service in assisting in the welfare of the troops. He has arranged for the free distribution of hot foods, biscuits, cigarettes, etc. During operations he organised and controlled the distribution of comforts to the troops in the forward areas. He has been most helpful in providing materials for the entertainment of the troops at all times’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PROVENANCE: Greenberg’s medals, consisting of the OBE (Civil Division) (1946, NZ), BEM, BWM & Victory (Hon. Capt. YMCA), and 1937 Coronation Medal, exist in a private Australian collection (2011). GREENGRASS, Edward John, Sergeant, 24th London Regiment LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty while on special service in Russia and Roumania’. For his services Greengrass also received the MSM for gallantry in Russia and the Russian Medal of St George (4th class); for further details on this recipient see Abbott & Tamplin (1981, p.239). GREENLAND, Joseph Frederick, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GREETHAM, John, Sergeant, Grimsby Volunteer Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. See also the entry for Zacry Woods (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GREIG, Alexander, Fireman, Glasgow Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. Greig was elected for the award by his comrades. See also the entry for William Waddell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GRIFFITHS, Thomas Edwin Ernest LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Griffiths (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). GRIGSBY, Frederick Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and high example in continuing at his duty during a series of severe explosions’. GROSER, Francis Stewart LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. GROSS, Maitland G LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage in assisting to subdue fires at an explosives factory in Canada, and in long continued working in a very dangerous atmosphere’. GRUBB, Georina [sic], 11134 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award (to ‘Georina Crubb’ [sic]) as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the 3rd Seaforths, at Cromarty (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 139 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE GRUNDY, Walter Herbert, M.6702 (Dev), ERA (3rd Cl), RN LG (4 February 1921, p.939): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered whilst prisoners at Baku in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The Medal was presented to Grundy by the C-in-C of Devonport Area on 11 July 1921 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914-15 Star trio and Navy LS&GC Medal, the latter in 1929 aboard HMS Ormonde (TNA ref: ADM 171/103 and 149). GUNN, Private Francis George, Expeditionary Force Canteens LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while carrying on canteen work under shell fire’. GURDEN, Frederick, Fireman, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at a chemical works and a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 19 January 1917, Fireman Frederick Gurden together with Superintendent Atkinson, Fireman E Roberts and Motorman E Hampshire attended a serious explosion at Messrs Brunner Mond’s Works, Silvertown. On arriving at the Works, they found that some West Ham fireman were seriously injured and at once rendered first-aid assistance to them, afterwards conveying three of the fireman and 8 other persons to the Seamen’s Hospital, Connaught Road. On returning, they assisted in extinguishing the flames and were working in dangerous positions. On 13 July 1918, Fireman Frederick Gurden together with Superintendent E Atkinson, Fireman R Holt and Motorman E Hampshire, attended a fire at Messrs Crowe’s Chemical Works, Barking, and were working in dangerous positions while extinguishing the fire’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). GWYTHERJONES, Crystobel, 28502 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at 2 Hyde Park Street. (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 140 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 H HACQUOIL, John Walter, Acting Regimental Sergeant-Major, RE (IWT) LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Whilst in command of a War Department tug, on passage with and considerably hampered by a tow of barges, gallantly went to the assistance of a vessel steaming in company with him which had been sunk by enemy action, and by promptness and good seamanship succeeded in rescuing nearly all the crew’. HADARWALA, Luxman LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. HADD, Juliette LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada. She received severe burns in helping to save another worker and returned to the same work as soon as possible after the accident’. HADGRAFT, Robert James, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award (spelled as ‘Hadcraft’) as being for rescue work at Ilderton Road, Rotherhithe New Road, London, SE, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. HAIGH, Joseph LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice on the occasion of an accident at a filling factory’. HALL, Frederick Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in carrying out very dangerous experiments in a highlypoisonous atmosphere’. HALL, Hilda Marjorie, 4472 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/108 (where her name is recorded as ‘Marjorie Hall’). HALL, James Alec LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. HALL, James William, SS/5251 S/Sgt (T/S/SM), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. HALL, William Joseph, Quartermaster LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage in connection with submarine cable work in dangerous waters’. 141 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HAMILTON, James LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage and resource in preventing a fire in an explosives factory under exceptionally dangerous circumstances’. HAMLET, G F LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. HAMMON, Charles George Henry, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HAMPSHIRE, Edward, Fireman, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at a chemical works and a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 13 July 1918 Motorman Edward Hampshire, together with Supt E Atkinson, Fireman F Gurden and R Holt, attended a fire at Messrs Crowe’s Chemical Works, Barking and worked in dangerous positions while extinguishing the fire. On 19 January [1917], Motorman Edward Hampshire, together with Supt E Atkinson, Firemen F Gurden and E Roberts attending a serious explosion at Messrs Brunner Mond’s Works, Silvertown. On arriving at the Works, they found that some West Ham fireman were seriously injured and at once rendered first-aid assistance to them, afterwards conveying three of the fireman and 8 other persons to the Seamen’s Hospital, Connaught Road. On returning, they assisted in extinguishing the flames, and were working in dangerous positions. On 18 October 1915, Motorman Edward Hampshire, together with Supt E Atkinson, Firemen E Roberts and R Holt, attended after an explosion in the Benzol Department of Beckton Chemical Works (Gas Light & Coke Co) and worked in close proximity to highly inflammable spirit and explosives whilst dealing with the outbreak of fire following the explosion. On 20 May 1918, Motorman Edward Hampshire, together with Supt Atkinson, Firemen E Roberts and C Price, attended houses in Seventh Avenue, Manor Park, on which bombs had been dropped, the raid still being in progress when they arrived. First-aid was rendered to four persons badly injured, the ambulance being sent for and those conveyed to the Hospital by Motorman W Brockes of the East Ham Fire Brigade. Owing to the collapse of the buildings and to the fact that persons were reported missing, the above named Firemen had to continue throughout the night working on the debris’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HANCE, Frank, Assistant Sub-Officer, Kodak Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘No special recommendation is made. The brigade turned out on 54 occasions and rendered valuable assistance to the London Fire Brigade to which they were attached. Eight members of the brigade went right through from 1915 to the end of the war, but Chief Officer considers it impossible to single out any one of them as they all performed splendid service. Strongly supported by London County Council, also by Harrow UDC. The Brigade were asked to select two names. In reply the Chief Officer states that three men [Hance, Vane and Sumner] have rendered special services, and it is impossible to distinguish between them’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49; 1992b: 45; see also Coates, 1991) notes this award as being probably for rescue work at Lamb’s Conduit Passage, Holborn, WC, following the Zeppelin raid on 8 September 1915. HANCOCK, William Upton, Assistant Electrical Overseer LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For devotion to duty on the occasion of an accident to a submarine’. HANDLEY, W, 128196 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 142 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 HANLIN, Frank Yeldham LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on YMCA work in forward areas with the Army [attached to the HQ, 10th Australian Infantry Brigade, AIF] in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Mr Hanlin (now Chaplain in AIF) was the Australian YMCA Representative working with 10th A[ustralian] I[nfantry] Brigade for four months. His work has won him the admiration of all ranks. His untiring efforts for the welfare of the troops in the front line, and his utter disregard for personal danger especially in the erection of Coffee Stalls in the forward area very greatly aided the morale of the troops’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HANNAFORD, James Frederick, Shipwright LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For valuable service, frequently under conditions involving personal risk’. HANSELL, Ernest Alban LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion at a filling factory’. HANSON, Alice LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For great courage shown at an outbreak of fire in an explosives factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/109. HARCUP, Edward, Chargeman of Labourers LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage, skill and high example in the discharge of his duties’. HARDING, William Denbury, Inspector, Engineering Department, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty, entailing work of a dangerous and trying character’. HARLEY, James, Assistant Foreman Ironworker LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘For courage in entering a confined space in a vessel, which was full of noxious fumes, and plugging holes in the structure’. HARLEY, Robert Richard LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and presence of mind in helping to subdue a fire under circumstances of great danger’. HARMAN, Elsie Lilian, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.474): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. HARPER, Edward, Fireman, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7306): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for Samuel Walter Stiff (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HARPER, Thomas LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The citation was reported in the Daily Mirror (Saturday, 25 August 1917, p.2) thus: ‘For great devotion to duty. Aged seventyfour years. Having retired owing to old age and gone to Australia, when the war started he wrote and offered his services to his firm in order to assist. He came over at his own expense, and for over two years has put in an average of fifty-four hours per week, and has actually done the work of two men. Sometimes he has fainted at his work and has then refused to go home’. See also Thorpe (1921, p.11). 143 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HARRINGTON, A LG (24 August 1917, p.8798) ‘For services in connection with the war’. HARRINGTON, George Hayward LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage and resource on several occasions when, at very grave personal risk, he prevented serious accidents at an explosives factory’. HARRIS, Charles Caleb, 48451 Pte, Bedfordshire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. HARRIS, Harold Baker, Stoker LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage in connection with submarine cable work in dangerous waters’. HARRIS, James, Superintendent, Wembley Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward Cox (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ‘A J Harris’, as he later appears, began to employ the post-nominal letters ‘OBE’ after his name on his business letterheads for his garage in Wembley. This prompted a local doctor (who also happened to be an OBE) to complain to the Lord Chamberlain’s Office. In due course a police inspector was sent to raise the matter with the unfortunate Harris, who agreed to cease their use when his current supply was exhausted (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HARRIS, John David LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in fighting a fire caused by an explosion, at very great personal risk’. HARRISON, Fred, 46031 Corporal, Royal Air Force LG (10 October 1919, p.12527): ‘For gallant conduct in France’ (Military Division). The award was noted in The Times (11 October 1919, p.14). HARRISON, Mrs Rosa Eleanor, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/110. HARROLD, Alice Emily, 12984 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the No. 1 Reserve MT Depot, Grove Park (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/111 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). PROVENANCE: Harrold’s medal, in its case of issue, forms part of the Seldon collection (2011). HART, William, Station Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HARTLEY, Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and high example: in remaining at her engine and controlling it after having been badly wounded by breakage, of the governor and returning to her work a week later’. 144 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 HARTLEY, R LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For great courage in performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On occasions of serious leakage of C.G. at the joints of the C.G. tanks [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead] in order to assure the continuation of shell charging, these men in grave danger have performed most excellent actions. Their behaviour on all occasions of danger has been most praiseworthy’, his address being given as c/o G H Coop, Egrett Mill, Old Street, Ashton-under-Lyne (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). HARVEY, Charles Edward, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (30 July 1920, p.7969): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. Harvey’s name was omitted from the original list of recommendations from Barking due to a clerical error. The late recommendation for the award states: ‘The services that he rendered in connection with the two fires are as follows: The Brigade received a call by telephone at 4.59pm on 13 February 1928 to a fire at HM Munition Factory at Rainham. On arrival it was found that a range of iron and brick buildings about 800 ft by 400 ft, used as a factory for the manufacture of TNT, had been blown up by explosion, the buildings wrecked and fired in several places. It was found that a derrick was blazing furiously and information was given to the Chief Officer that trays of TNT were on the derrick and were liable to explode, rendering possible a big extension of the fire. Chief Officer Abbott climbed on to the derrick, seized the trays of blazing TNT and threw them on to the foreshore of the River Thames, near which the works were situate. The following firemen attended with the Chief Officer: Fireman Arnold, Greenland, Harvey, Newhouse, Pemberton, Shalders, Wade, Wilson, and Worricker, and rendered excellent service in extinguishing the fire. There was all the time great risk of further explosion from the blazing TNT. The Ministry of Munitions by letters of 22 and 27 February wrote thanking the Brigade for their very excellent services accomplished under very trying and dangerous conditions, and acknowledging the very special services of the Chief Officer rendered at great personal risk. On 13 July, 1918 the Brigade were called to a fire at the Tar and Chemical Works of Messrs T Crow & Sons, Harts Lane, Barking. On arrival it was found that the oil tanks and a bed of pitch were ablaze and threatening the TNT plant of the same firm. After strenuous exertions the fire was subdued and the TNT plant saved. The members of the Fire Brigade attending the fire, which threatened to become very serious, owing to the proximity of the TNT plant, were Chief Officer Abbott, Firemen Arnold, Greenland, Harvey, Newhouse, Pemberton, Shalders, Wade, Wilson and Worricker. The Council will be glad if the Home Secretary can recommend the granting of the Medal to Fireman Harvey in recognition of his services at the fire at Rainham on 13 February 1918, in respect of which the Medal of the Order of the British Empire has been awarded to all the other members of the Brigade attending the fire’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171; see also HO 180/6).). HARVEY, Sarah, 43095 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Harvey joined the QMAAC in April 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Regent’s Park, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Strongly recommended for her excellent work in the cookhouse. She has maintained during her entire time in this unit the highest standard of efficiency, discipline and order in her kitchen’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/112 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). HARVEY, Thomas Alexander LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’, his address being 145 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE given as Heath House, 187 Highfield Road, Washwood Heath, Birmingham (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). HARVEY, William George, Chief Officer, Southend-on-Sea Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Attendance at fires caused by hostile aircraft, and rendered conspicuous service in assisting wounded and removing dead during progress of raid’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HASLAM, Harry Eustace, Chief Inspector, J Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This man was responsible for the “Take Cover” notices to be given in this country district. This necessitated riding his motor bicycle through the barrage on each occasion of a raid. The distance covered on the round being 10 to 15 miles. Hostile aircraft invariably passed over this district, and the anti-aircraft gun centred their fire towards the incoming aircraft. On one occasion he was blown off his machine through the bursting of a 2cwt bomb which fell about 20 to 30 yards from him. Luckily he escaped with only a severe shaking and he continued his round and reported back to his Station for further duty; this was in April 1916. He took on this dangerous duty as he was unwilling for his men to expose themselves. I have no hesitation in recommending him for special distinguished service’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HASAN, Masud, Munshi LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with recruiting for the Indian Army’. HASSAN, Sayad, Munshi LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with recruiting for the Indian Army’. HASTIE, Alexander Dallas, Commandant, Ambulance Column, London District LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work in connection with air raids’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Was knocked down in Fenchurch Street by bomb while on duty during daylight raid’ and notes his address as Duffield Lodge, 132 Lancaster Road, W11 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HATTON, Maud, 7003 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Camberley (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HAUPT, Oscar LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. HAUXWELL, Marshall LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory in very dangerous circumstances’. HAVERY, Thomas, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy, Petrograd LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Courageous conduct in the discharge of his duties during the revolutionary disturbances in March, 1917’. The medal was to be presented to Havery by the Chargé d’Affaires at Petrograd. However, with the withdrawal of the staff shortly afterwards, Havery returned to 146 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 England, working initially as a valet to H J Bruce, CMG, MVO, during May 1918 and then in June that year as an Office Keeper, in the Foreign Trade Department of the Foreign Office. His home address was noted as 47 Park Road, Wandsworth (TNA ref: HO 180/6, FO 372/1187/19788 and 29732). HAWES, Miss Josephine, Driver. 615 MT Co RASC, Women’s Legion LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. HAWES, Wheeler Andrew Francis. 40555, Royal Field Artillery LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. HAWKES, Albert Edward, DSM, PO.9202 Sergeant, Royal Marine Depot, Deal LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and presence of mind during bomb practice, when a live bomb fell into a trench full of men: he ran to the bomb, picked it up, and threw it out of the trench’. The slightly fuller recommendation describes the award as: ‘For courage, self-sacrifice and presence of mind during bomb practice, when a live bomb fell into a trench full of men. He ran to the bomb, picked it up, and threw it out of the trench, the bomb exploding when just clear of the parapet’. Subsequently Hawkes was convicted by a Court Martial on 12 December 1919 of ‘the fraudulent misapplication of regimental monies and sentenced to reduction to the rank of Corporal’. As a consequence of the conviction the unfortunate Hawkes also forfeited his military decorations. The King by a warrant dated 11 May 1920 cancelled his award, ordered his name erased from the register and the medal returned (TNA ref: HO 45/10962/361340). Hawkes received the 1914/15 Star trio and was entitled to the Navy LS&GC Medal, though the latter was returned to the Royal Mint in February 1922 (TNA ref: ADM 171/169 and 171/140; HO 180/6).). HAWKINS, Agnes, 3645 Forewoman Laundress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Bedford (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/113 (where she is recorded as ‘Mrs’). HAWKINS, E James LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in preventing an explosion and fire at great personal risk’. HAYDEN, Alfred, Commander, P Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Rendered excellent service during air raids. When necessary exposing himself to personal risk while carrying out his duties, including rescue work after the raid in Peckham’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HAYDEN, William Henry LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For great courage at very great personal risk on the occasion of several fires in a filling factory’. HAYES, Miss Kathleen LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage shown by her exemplary behaviour after she had been injured at a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HAYLOCK, Florence Mary, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. 147 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HAYNES, Mrs Edith Mary, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. HAYTER, Miss Rose, Chief Section Leader (Steward), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Hayter by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). PROVENANCE: Hayter’s medal (privately named ‘R. Hayter C.S.L. W.R.N.S. 21.7.1919.’) exists in a private UK collection (2011). HAYWOOD, Olive, 8008 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Haywood served in both the Women’s Legion and then the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at No. 20 Larkhill (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HAZELL, Harold Arthur, 38731 Sgt, RGA LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the war’ (Military Division). HEAD, Ethel LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and high example in rescuing fellow workers after an explosion’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/114 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). HEALD, William, Feed Pump Attendant, Power House LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Remained on duty the whole time during a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory, in spite of great danger’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory. The recommendation states: ‘A Chamberlain, G Hutchinson, W Heald, Chief Engineer, boiler attendant and feed pump attendant in the boiler house, who remained on duty the whole time. If these men had not stuck to their work the boilers would have burst. If a shell had hit the boilers, they would in all probability have been scalded to death. A roof over the building was destroyed’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). HEALEY, Alice Ann, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. HEALEY, Francis, Chargeman of Electrical Fitters LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage in performing meritorious service on one of H.M. ships in action’. HEARL, Ernest John, Laboratory Manager (acting) LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For inventiveness and devotion to duty’. HEARN, Alfred Edward, Shipwright LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘On the occasion of an explosion on board the warship Baden, he assisted in lifesaving at great personal risk from poisonous fumes’. HEATH, Miss Ada May LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage and devotion to duty under very trying conditions in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HEATH, William LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and self-sacrifice in going to the assistance of a fellow worker at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award was contained in a letter from the Captain Controller at the Trench Warfare Depot, Hanley, dated 29 July 1918 and 148 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 states: ‘With reference to your letter of 11 [July], Circular No. 224, respecting the recommendation of officials for the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, in connection with which I wish to bring to your notice, the courageous and valuable services of Mr William Heath, General Foreman at this factory. The act for which I specially wish to bring him to your notice and [that of] higher authorities, was performed in March of this year, and at this time was also brought to the notice of the Director of the Chemical Section, TWSD. The circumstances were as follows: The chief fitter employed at these Works was engaged in making connections to cylinders containing poison gas, when suddenly one of the connections broke and his clothes became saturated with the poisonous and deadly liquid. Although previously wearing a gas mask, he unfortunately, at the moment, had not got it on correctly adjusted. The fumes emanating from his clothes, prevented other workers from going to his assistance. William Health, displaying the greatest personal courage, and although fully conscious of the serious risks he ran, promptly went to his assistance and removed his saturated garments; in spite of being unmasked himself. Unfortunately, the man in question, died from the effects of Gas Poisoning the following day, and Heath himself was laid up for a considerable period. It was an act, on the part of Heath, which, in my judgement, formed after considerable experience in the handling of poison gases, was one which required courage and endurance of the highest order. This man, on numerous previous occasions, has also displayed bravery and promptitude in dealing with serious escapes of poison gas, and I trust that his services will receive the recognition which they undoubtedly deserve’. This recommendation was later abbreviated to read: ‘At great personal risk he attempted to rescue a man who had been saturated with K.J. [at HM Cylinder Depot, Hanley, Staffs] in spite of the fact that he was not at the time wearing a mask, thereby displaying great personal courage’, his address being given as Sneyd Cottage, Silverdale, Staffs (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). HEATHCOTE, Joshua Stanley, S/ 29365 Cpl (T/S/S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. HEATHER, William, Cable Foreman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. HEATON, Albert Frederick Thomas, M/24657 S/Sgt (T/M/S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. HEDDLE, James LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and devotion in assisting helpless patients and injured persons on the occasion of an air raid’. HEFFER, Harry Edward, Sergeant, Ambulance Section, E Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Joined at commencement of 1915. Has done 1344 duties. Is Leader and Instructor of my Ambulance Section and has coached and passed some 40 men. He is an indefatigable and fearless worker. Has been present in every Air Raid and done exceptional rescue work, being the first to enter the public house in Wellington Street in October 1915 at great personal risk. He helped to remove the bodies and injured. He went to the Silvertown explosion with two other ambulance men and worked for 24 hours on end. We found him there when sending a party on duty the next day. He was in the thick of Odham’s fire in January 1918, and with Wallis, Edwards and others did excellent work and eventually extricated 149 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Wallis, who was blocked in. He has always been the first to volunteer for any duty and has been of the greatest assistance to me at all times’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HEHNER, May Elsie, 15350 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Summerdown Camp at Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/115. HEMMINGSLEY, William LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a fellow worker’. HENBREY, Emily Mary, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. HENDERSON, Charles LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. HENDERSON, Miss Helen Fairlie, Telephone Operator, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Weekly Irish Times (17 May 1919, p.6) announced the award and noted the recipient was Irish. The Medal was presented to Henderson by the SNO at the Clyde on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). HENDERSON, Walter LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘This man [age 38] is employed at this factory as Chief Plumber, and has taken an onerous part in the construction of the ‘H.S.’ Plant. During the construction when it was necessary to work very long hours, he was untiring in his efforts to promote its progress. Now that production has commenced repairs have to be carried out under very difficult conditions, Mr Henderson fully realizing the dangers of the plant, has personally shown determination and resource, and was always willing to offer his services when dangerous work arose. He has been severely burned on several occasions, and has had to be sent away for a rest’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). HENLEY, Edward, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Bostal Hill, Plumstead, London, SE, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. HEPWORTH, Harry LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For great courage shown at an outbreak of fire in an explosion [sic] factory’. PROVENANCE: Hepworth’s medal, privately engraved ‘Harry Hepworth, April 24th 1918’, fitted with ornate replacement suspension, accompanied by a postcard photograph of the recipient, was sold by DNW 17 September 2009, lot 1357, NVF, £120 (hammer price). It is now in the Alan Seldon collection (2011). HERBINSON, Austin LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage and devotion to duty shown while performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘As Chemist, 150 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 this man was continually in charge of the C.G. Plant [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead], and ran great risks on occasions of leakage and breakdown of plant generally. His work has been consistently excellent’, his address being given as 83 Albert Road, Widnes (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). HERMANS, Edward, Boiler Cleaner LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and presence of mind in extinguishing a dangerous fire’. HERRINGTON, Gladys Elizabeth LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in volunteering to undertake dangerous work after a fatal accident’. Pictured in the Daily Mirror in bandages, the caption noted that her ‘disfigured face has been restored to its former smoothness by means of skin grafting. She has won the medal of the Order of the British Empire for a very courageous act’ (11 February 1918, p.8). HERRINGTON, Jane, 14310 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 5th KRRC at Sheerness (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HESMAN, Amos Freke LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in preventing an explosion and fire, at great personal risk’. HETWORTH, Mary, 15523 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the School of Musketry at Strensall (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HEWITT, Herbert Victor, 14766 S/Sgt, Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. HEWITT, Thomas LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’, his address being given as 6 Severn Street, Hull, Yorkshire (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). HEWITT, William LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in saving the life of a fellow worker, who was overcome by poisonous fumes, at great personal risk’. HEYS, Alice, 42548 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. HIBBARD, Mrs Harriet Matilda, Night Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/116. HICKEY, Ethel Nora Elizabeth, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids and on the occasion of a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Hickey (who was noted as being from Lambeth) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, 151 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/117 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Ethel N Hickey’). HICKEY, Thomas, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Has displayed great courage while carrying out telegraph work under dangerous conditions’. Hickey, from 51 Lower Clanbrassil Street, Dublin, received his medal from the Earl of Meath, who presented this and other medals on behalf of George V, at a ceremony at the Armoury Hall, Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, Dublin, on Saturday 6 April 1918 (Weekly Irish Times, Saturday 13 April 1918, p.3). PROVENANCE: Hickey’s medal is in the House of Commons collection, having been donated to it by Sir William Brass, MP (1886-1945). HICKS, Richard Barrett, S/19765 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. HICKS, William Charles, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Has rendered valuable service since the beginning of the war. Has remained at his post absolutely alone day and night, in spite of danger from submarine or other attacks’. HIGBEE, William George, 70723 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Higbee was born in London on 13 July 1886 and lived for a time in South Africa. He was appointed to the RIC on 13 March 1920 and was posted as a Constable to Tipperary (NR). Higbee was granted a 3rd class Favourable Record, dated 28 April 1921. He was discharged on 27 March 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/36). HIGGINS, Bernard, L.Z/7,858 Chief Writer, RNVR LG (1 January 1919, p.113): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal was presented to Higgins through the Secretary of the Allied Naval Council on 4 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). HIGGINS, Dennis, Able Seaman, RNVR LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For cool and courageous conduct on the occasion of a fire in the neighbourhood of a ship’s magazine’. The Medal was presented to Higgins via the Clerk of Lieutenancy at 7 Gilmour Street, Paisley, on 9 January 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). HIGGINS, William LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For prompt and courageous action in helping to extinguish a fire at a filling factory at great personal risk, thereby preventing very serious damage’. HIGGS, Alfred LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and resource in saving the lives of two of his fellow workers, at great personal risk’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Higgs (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). HIGHAM, Frederick, Special Constable LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Swam to an airship which had fallen into a river and assisted two of the crew to reach the bank’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). HIGHAM, J, 129477 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 152 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 HILL, Charles LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘On seeing an aeroplane come to the ground and burst into flames, Hill went into the fire and brought out the aviator, who was unconscious, and went back a second time, in the belief that there was another man in the machine’. The case was successfully brought to the attention of the Air Ministry by the rescuer’s son, R M Hill, who wrote on 10 November 1919 thus: ‘I am writing on behalf of my father Mr Charles Hill, to draw your attention to the fact that, although twice recommended, he has received no decoration, while others, less deserving have been awarded various decorations. The facts of the case are as follows: On 6 January 1917, at the Aerodrome, Race Course, Doncaster, an aeroplane occupied by Lieutenant Stewart Gill came to earth and burst into flames. My Father went into the midst of the flames, and bought out the officer, who was unconscious, then went back again, believing there was another airman in the machine. Mr Chatterton of Green House, Thorne Road, Doncaster, was an eye-witness of this, and various other members of the RFC also witnessed it, Lieutenant Colonel Grant-Dalton, DSO, who is in command at Doncaster at the time, reported it to the War Office, and sometime later, Mr Hill received a letter from your Department, dated 8 March 1917, reference number HF CR 11256A, signed by Major General H R Sargent, which said “I am commanded by the Army Council to convey their thanks and keen appreciation of your very brave action in saving the life of Lieutenant Gill by rescuing him from his burning machine before other assistance was available. The Army Council fully realise that you must have incurred considerable personal danger in dragging the pilot from the flames of his burning aeroplane, and they trust you have not suffered any serious injury as a result of your courageous action”. Several officers, and other ranks, of HM Forces who have seen this letter expressed surprise that it was not followed by a reward of some kind. On 4 May 1917 another fatal accident occurred, when Lieutenant Caldwell, RFC, and Lieutenant C H Trollope (London Regiment and RFC) son of Mr and Mrs J B Trollope of 8 Oaklands Road, Bromley, Kent, was killed. On this occasion also, my father was first to the spot, but being too late to save the airman, he did what he could by removing the bodies…’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HILL, Charles Richard, l3355 S/Sgt (T/Supt Clk), Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. HILL, Edward, Steel Smelter LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and endurance on many occasions’. HILLIER, William Thomas, L.2/1303 Petty Officer, RNVR LG (17 October 1919, p.12779): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal, awarded for services whilst a prisoner-of-war, was issued to Hillier on 4 January 1921 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914 Star and bar trio (TNA ref: ADM 171/126). HILLS, Arthur, Labourer LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For meritorious service under shell fire at Dunkirk’. HILTON, Charles LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Hilton receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). HINDMARSH, A B LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For great courage and resource at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada. He helped to save valuable records and removed, at grave personal risk, a large quantity of loaded fuses, while explosions were taking place’. 153 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HINDS, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8798) ‘For services in connection with the war’. HINTON, Herbert, S/4/240768 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. HIRST, Doris, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Remained at her post until relieved, on the occasion of a very serious explosion at munition works, notwithstanding the fact that the explosions were almost continuous, and that the police advised the officers on duty to leave the building’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/118 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). HOBBS, George William, Boatswain, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Employed on cable ships in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. HOBBS, Thomas William, Chargeman of Engine Fitters, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trials of a new submarine’. HOBDAY, Miss Elizabeth Mary LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage and devotion to duty, although severely injured’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HODGE, Ellen Harriett, 15562 Head Patrol, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, where she is named ‘H Hodge’, this being submitted while she was based at Calais; a longer and more specific draft of the recommendation reads: ‘…I have the honour to suggest that Head-Patrol Hodge, H, 15562, be recommended for mention in the Peace Gazette, as worthy of decoration, please. Hodge entered the Corps on the 3rd of December 1917 and when the Patrol Section was formed she was among the first to be trained. She was the first Head-Patrol and was put in charge of all the trainees at Bristol. In October she was transferred to France, in charge of the first draft of Patrols for the BEF, and has organized their work there ever since. Hodge has proved herself reliable and resourceful, and has carried out her duties at all times with enthusiasm, loyalty, and devotion…’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/119 (where her name is recorded as ‘Harriott E Hodge’). HODGE, G W, 119098 Acting Bombardier LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munition’s recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HODGKINSON, Frank LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire in an explosives factory, at great personal risk’. HODGSON, Tom Alfred, Fitter, Messrs Earle’s Shipbuilding and Engineering Co, Hull LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in saving the life of a drowning man in circumstances of great danger’. 154 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 HOG, A C, 192548 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HOGAN, George LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and resource in subduing a fire, at imminent personal risk’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Hogan (who was noted as being from Poplar) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). HOLBROOK, Horace George, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HOLBY, Edward, Driver, Romford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Samuel Davis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HOLBY, George, Fireman, Romford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Samuel Davis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HOLDSWORTH, Victoria Irene LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and resource in preventing serious injuries to a fellow worker’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/120 (where her name is recorded as ‘Eileen V Holdsworth’). HOLLAMBY, Rosetta Elizabeth, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/121 (where her name is recorded as ‘Rosetta E Hallamby’). The reverse of the photograph notes Hollamby worked as a Telephonist at the Folkestone Exchange. HOLLETT, George LG (15 January 1919, p.804): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of fires at an explosives factory in Canada’. HOLLIDAY, John Richard, Engineer, Romford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Samuel Davis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HOLLINGSWORTH, David, Assistant Superintendent, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 9 August 1917, Assistant Superintendent D Hollingsworth together with Fireman C Price, attended a fire at the Ajax Chemical Works, Barking, at which smoke bombs were being manufactured. After the water was turned on to the fire, they were informed that some women were missing and were probably on the first floor. Another line of hose was got to work in order that they might fight their way through the smoke, etc, and at this time (9 minutes after the East Ham Brigade arrived at the fire) the Barking Brigade arrived, when together with them, the above named men worked their way to the first floor and found 11 bodies lying in a heap. Assistant Supt Hollingsworth and Fireman Price removed 9 of the bodies, which were then removed to Barking Mortuary’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 155 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HOLLINGTON, William, District Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odham’s Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. HOLLY, Annie LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in continuing at work, though suffering from severe injuries to eye, caused by an explosion’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Holly (who was noted as being from Hammersmith) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). HOLLYWOOD, Patrick Lawrence, 59092 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Hollywood was born in Co Down in about 1879 and was appointed to the RIC on 15 August 1899. Serving in Cork (ER) from 1 March 1912, he was promoted to Sergeant on 1 August 1920. No distinctions are noted on his service record. He was discharged on 25 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/31). HOLMAN, Arthur LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. HOLMES, Edward Bethell, Special Constable, N Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This man showed great courage in dealing with two men who were breaking into enclosed premises having a van with them to cart away the booty. He obtained the assistance of PC 631N and as the men ran away, Holmes, who had a cycle, chased and successively caught both men who were safely lodged in Stoke Newington Police Station and subsequently sentenced to twelve months hard labour and recommended for deportation. The occurrence took place at 6.20am on 24 March 1917’ (TNA ref: HO45/11071/380323). HOLMES, George, 7870859 Private, Tank Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. HOLMES, Janet LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of an explosion in a filling factory. HOLMES, Louie, 4100 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Receiving Depot for Overseas, Folkestone (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HOLT, Robert, Fireman, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at chemical works’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 18 October 1915, Fireman Robert Holt, together with Supt E Atkinson, Fireman E Roberts, and Motorman Edward Hampshire, attended after an explosion in the Benzol Department of Beckton Chemical Works (Gas Light & Coke Co) and worked in close proximity to highly inflammable spirit and explosives whilst dealing with the outbreak of fire following the explosion. 156 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 On 13 July 1918 Fireman Robert Holt, together with Supt E Atkinson, Firemen F Gurden, R Golt and Motorman Hampshire, attended a fire at Messrs Crowe’s Chemical Works, Barking, and worked in dangerous positions while extinguishing the fire’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HOLTTUM, Annie Helena, 43560 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France, being noted on the roll at ‘Holttum’ (TNA ref: WO372/72). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, where her name is recorded as either ‘Anne Helena Holttum’ or ‘Holtturn’ on the reverse, under reference DEC 6/122. ‘Holttum’ appears the correct spelling. HOLTTUM, Mrs [Ethyle] LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in assisting to save the lives of fellow workers during a fire which resulted in a serious explosion, though sustaining severe injuries herself’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, where her name is recorded as ‘Mrs Ethyle Holtturn’ or ‘Holtturn’ on the reverse, under reference DEC 6/123. The latter also notes on the reverse that Holttum was the Welfare Superintendent at the Hooley Hill Rubber & Chemical Company, Ashton-under-Lyme, and the award was for services at a fire and explosion on 13 June 1917. HOLYCAKE, Arthur LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For great courage and resource at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, thereby preventing loss of life and damage to plant’. HONEY, Jesse Rose, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a serious explosion’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/124. The latter also notes on the reverse that the medal was presented by the Marquis of Camden on 28 May 1919 for devotion to duty at the Faversham Telephone Exchange through air raids and also a serious explosion. HONNOR, George John LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. HONNOR, Herbert Thomas LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and high example in rescuing, at great personal risk, two fellow-workers on the occasion of a fire in a filling factory’. HOOD, Horace James, Telegraphist LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. HOOD, James Chalmers LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For great courage shown on the occasion of an explosion, when he stopped a serious fire, although at the time suffering from injuries incurred in previous services of a similar nature’. The original recommendation for the award from HM Factory at Sutton Oak states: ‘22 October 1918: On starting to pump the so-called “first wash” from a reaction vessel to a filter, the liquor on reaching the pump caused an explosion. Sodium, benzene and poisonous liquors were set on fire and were naturally scattered about. The base and the supports of the pump were hurled right across the reaction house. Mr Hood, who entered the house as the explosion occurred and who was nearly hit by one of the pieces of iron from the pump, in order to try to prevent the fire from spreading any further, immediately rushed to turn off the cock under the reaction vessel, which was then of course 157 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE enveloped in flames. The cock unfortunately was broken and the contents of the vessel ran out on to the floor. The whole floor was then ablaze, but luckily the fire was got under control without much more damage being done. We may just add that at the time that this explosion occurred, Mr Hood had both his hands in bandages owing to their having been burnt in extinguishing previous plant fires. Mr Hood is one of the process chemists. He is a very conscientious and keen worker’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). HOOPER, Celia Kate, Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For devotion to duty and high example in a position of great responsibility during air raids’. HOOPER, May Gertrude, 4587 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the 21st Officers’ Cadet Battalion at Fleet (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HOOPER, Peter, Warehouseman (Senior Orderly), County of London Branch British Red Cross Society LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work in connection with Air Raids’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Not only did admirably at Headquarters and in the Tubes, but on July 17 did some very fine work of rescue at the wrecked warehouse in Golden Lane, EC. He helped with over 40 cases. Many were serious, and during his work of rescue he was badly gassed by gas bombs, which were dropped on this occasion, and had scarcely recovered when recommended for recognition on 9 January 1919’; while his address is noted as 55 East Dulwich Grove, SE22 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HOPKINS, Miss Agnes May LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage and devotion to duty, although severely injured’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HOPKINSON, William Arthur LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice on the occasion of an explosion and fire at an explosives factory, entering the burning building and extricating the workers at grave personal risk’. Hopkinson was recommended twice for the Medal, the second recommendation apparently being the successful one. Coming from H S Denny at HM Factory at Langwith, near Mansfield, this states: ‘Some time ago I gave you a list of the men who had behaved very well at the fire on 20 November 1917. Among these was W Hopkinson, No. 498, and he again behaved splendidly on 20 March [1918 at the explosion], entering the burning building about the same time as the others. I think he is entitled to similar recognition’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323 and the entry here of Inspector J T Brady). HORGON, John, 194,216 (Po) PO, RN LG (4 February 1921, p.939): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered whilst prisoners at Baku in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The Medal was issued to Horgon on 17 March 1922 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914-15 Star trio (TNA ref: ADM 171/106). HORNBY, Frederick LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory at great personal risk’. HORRELL, Thomas John, S/31663 Cpl (T/S/QMS), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. 158 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 HORRIGAN, John, Boiler Cleaner LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage in extinguishing a dangerous fire on a ship in port’. HORSLEY, Carl LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of fires at an explosives factory in Canada’. HOSKIN, William Thomas, S/29649 Cpl (T/S/QMS), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. HOSMER, Florence Ethel, 4324 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Hosmer enrolled in the QMAAC in October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Wally Barracks, a more specific joint draft noting that: ‘These three Forewomen are recommended for the exceptionally meritorious performance of ordinary duties, often under very trying conditions. They have filled responsible and arduous posts with zeal, and have always shown the greatest devotion to duty, working extremely long hours with great cheerfulness’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HOWE, Isabel Louisa, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. HOWE, William James, DA.17677 Deck Hand, RNR LG (17 March 1919, p.3590): ‘In recognition of their services in rescuing survivors from a torpedoed steamship’. The Medal was presented to Howe via the SNO at Harwich on 29 September 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). HOWELL, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For great courage and presence of mind in extinguishing a fire at a filling factory at grave personal risk’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HOWELLS, Mary Pratten, 717 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. HOYLE, W H LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’, his address being given as The Lodge, Stokyn Hall, Holyweel, North Wales (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). HUBERT, A LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage in helping to remove large quantities of loaded fuses during a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, while explosions were taking place’. HUGHES, Hubert LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage while employed at work of a very dangerous character’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Employed in drawing off the H. from tanks into tank cars [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], in this dangerous capacity he has shown splendid devotion greatly encouraging his assistants’, his address being given as 31a St John’s Road, Clifton, Bristol (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). 159 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HUGHES, Owen, Lightship Mate LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For unflinching devotion to duty when in imminent danger from enemy submarines and mines’. HUGHES, Thomas, Fireman, Barry Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. See also the entry for William Matthews (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). HULLEY, G LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire, which resulted in a very serious explosion’. HULME, William LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire in an explosives factory, at great personal risk’. HUMPHREYS, Norman Burns Campbell, M/15478, Pte, Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The award appears to have been for services in Ireland. Humprheys was unable to attend the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, by the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, on 12 July 1921, and his BEM was instead forwarded to his home address in Camden Town, London, receipt of which he acknowledged on 16 October that year (TNA ref: WO 35/181). HUMPHRYS, William Wilson, Inspector (Observation Posts), P Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Took charge under me of all Observation Post duties in this Division, driving his car at considerable personal risk during raids from hostile aircraft, remaining on posts when necessary during whole nights. Accompanied me during Anti German riots to Deptford and other scenes of disturbance and rendered good service’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HUNNEX, William Henry, Stretcher Bearer, Ambulance Column, London District LG (7 July 1920, p.7307): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work in connection with Air Raids’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Specially valuable services at Paddington Station when train unloaded during air raid’, to which ‘’Dec 18, was specially exposed’ was added in pencil, his address being noted as Prudential Assurance Company, Holborn Bars, EC1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). HUNNINGS, Miss Daisy Maud, 145 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/126 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). HUNT, Jessie LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For continuous courage and devotion to duty in a filling factory under circumstances of grave personal danger, in spite of several serious explosions and severe injuries’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/127 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that the medal was conferred on 27 March 1919 and that Hunt’s injuries included the loss of a finger and the use of her right hand. 160 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 HUNT, Mabel, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during an air raid’. HUNT, Richard James LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘This man [a 38-year-old foreman plumber] has shown himself a keen and untiring worker, ready at all times to assist the men under his charge, by undertaking the dangerous work himself, and has worked right through the construction of the ‘H.S.’ Plant. He rendered a great service during the plumbers’ strike from 12 to 18 July, by working long spells, though at the time he was in a bad state through the effects of ‘H’, and materially helped to make it possible to keep the Plant working; at the same time realizing the danger to which he was exposed’; his address being given as 49 Regent Road, Harbourne, Birmingham (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). HUNT, Walter William LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in saving the life of a fellow worker’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Hunt (who was noted as being from Lambeth) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). HUNT, William LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and resource on two occasions in preventing serious fires. Age 66’. HUNTER, Agnes Kerr, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids, and especially when in a position of responsibility and grave danger on the occasion of a serious explosion’. A small picture of the recipient appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). HUNTER, Annie, 17737 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Kelham Hall, Newark (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/128 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). HUNTER, Margaret, 18008 Forewoman Nurse, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the Royal Engineers Officers’ Cadet Battalion at Nottingham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). HURST, Sidney LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory. Although himself injured, he succeeded in rescuing other workers from the wreckage’. HUTCHINGS, William Alfred, J.22516 (Po) Ldg Sig, RN LG (4 February 1921, p.939): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered whilst prisoners at Baku in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The Medal was presented to Hutchings by the Captain of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla on 10 May 1922 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914-15 Star trio (TNA ref: ADM 171/106). HUTCHINSON, Miss Elsie Elizabeth LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For courage and devotion to duty under very trying conditions in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 161 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HUTCHINSON, George, Boiler Fireman, Power House LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Remained on duty the whole time during a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory in spite of great danger’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory. The recommendation states: ‘A Chamberlain, G Hutchinson, W Heald, Chief Engineer, boiler attendant and feed pump attendant in the boiler house, who remained on duty the whole time. If these men had not stuck to their work the boilers would have burst. If a shell had hit the boilers, they would in all probability have been scalded to death. A roof over the building was destroyed’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). HUTCHINSON, Leonard, YMCA Hut Worker LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For great courage in attending to wounded soldiers under fire; has lost a leg through shell fire’ (Civil Division). Leonard Hutchinson entered France in June 1916. He was also awarded the British War Medal and Silver War Badge. The latter was sent to his address at ‘6 South Parade, Waterford, Ireland’. PROVENANCE: Hutchinson’s medal, engraved ‘Leonard Hutchinson, Y.M.C.A.’, in its John Pinches, London, case of issue, formed part of the Strong Collection, sold at DNW, 18 May 2011, lot 803, EF, £340 (hammer price). HUTT, Florence Gladys, Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. HUTTON, Sergeant-Major Harry, Expeditionary Force Canteens LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while carrying on canteen work under shell fire’. 162 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 The stationary that got Superintendant James Harris, Wembley Fire Service, into trouble with the Lord Chamberlain’s Office Telephonist Rosetta Elizabeth Hollamby Sir Christopher Ingold 163 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE I ILLMAN, Sidney Edward, 3rd Writer LG (1 January 1919, p.113): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal was presented to Illman on 25 April 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). INDERS, Henry Samuel, 689 Sapper LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For great courage and resource shown in extinguishing a serious fire and several smaller fires under circumstances of very great danger’. The original recommendation for the award from HM Factory at Sutton Oak states: ‘On Saturday morning 19 October, we had a rather serious fire in the Sodium Cutting House. It was only due to the prompt and courageous action of several of the Process men and women that the fire did not spread. Sapper Inders played a leading part in getting the fire under control. He rushed up to one lot of sodium, which was on fire and hence exploding, and succeeded in smothering it with sand. Later he, together with several other men climbed the roof, which was also on fire, and succeeded in putting out the fire there as well. As water cannot be used for extinguishing sodium fires, the men had to use sand and small hand pyrene extinguishers, and this of course necessitated the men’s going right up to the fires. Sapper Inders has taken a leading part in the extinguishing of several of the smaller fires which have occurred. He is a very good worker and is always willing to do any kind of work, however unpleasant it may be, that he is asked to do’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). INGOLD, Christopher Kelk LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For great courage in carrying out work in a poisonous atmosphere, and risking his life on several occasions in preventing serious accidents’. The original recommendation for the award, from the Cassel Cyanide Co Ltd, Maryhill, Glasgow, states that Ingold was: ‘In charge of S.K. plant and showed conspicuous devotion to duty and on several occasions at great personal risk he performed gallant actions. In one case he saved 3000 gallons of S.K. by prompt action with considerable risk, thereby saving a catastrophe in the district. This action resulted in a severe illness’; his address being given as 3 Kelbourne Street, Maryhill, Glasgow (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). According to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Sir Christopher Ingold, FRS (1893-1970) ‘ran an industrial plant [in Glasgow] to manufacture SK lachrymator (a mixture of ethyl iodacetate and alcohol), the tear gas extensively used by the British in shells throughout the war. For this work he was subsequently awarded the British Empire Medal’ (2004: see online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/34102). See also K T Leffek Sir Christopher Ingold: A Major Prophet of Organic Chemistry, Victoria, BC: Nova Lion Press, 1996; C W Shoppee ‘Christopher Kelk Ingold 1893-1970’, in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 18 (Nov 1972), pp.348-411; and F P Miller, A F Vandome & J McBrewster Christopher Kelk Ingold, Alphascript, 2010. INIONS, Charles, M/18728 Private (Acting Sergeant), Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) list this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. INNES, Frederick LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For high courage and resource in closing the outlet valve of a collapsed gas-holder, in which the gas was alight’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Innes (who was noted as being from Lewisham) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). INNES, Jean Cooper, 788 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA 164 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/130. The latter also notes on the reverse that her address was 33 Park Drive South, Victoria Park, Glasgow. INNES, Mary, 238 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. IRVING, W, 106085 Acting Sergeant LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ISLES, Miss Florence Mabel LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For courage and devotion to duty under very trying conditions in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). IVENS, Beryl, 571 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France (TNA ref: WO372/23, which lists her as ‘Beryl E. Ivens’). IVIN, Horace, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘Has done valuable service under dangerous conditions, repairing submarine cables carrying naval and military wires’. The Daily Mirror (14 May 1918, p.1) published a small picture of him, possibly taken when the Duke of Wellington was presenting BEMs at Portsmouth Town Hall in May 1918. 165 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE J JACK, John Fisher LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. JACKSON, Alice LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage in continuing work of a dangerous nature in a filling factory. Two accidents occurred in which workers were killed, but she continued at her work and encouraged those under her to do the same’. JACKSON, Fanny, 16671 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Having enrolled in the Women’s Legion in June 1917, Jackson transferred to the QMAAC in December that year. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award to ‘Fanny M Jackson’ as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Employment Company at City Road, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for exceptionally meritorious performance of her ordinary duties, and for willingness to do any work asked of her’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). JACKSON, Florence LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage displayed during a time of great danger in a filling factory’. JACKSON, Florence Annie, 2265 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. JACKSON, Thomas LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Endeavoured, at great personal risk, to rescue injured persons from a demolished building on the occasion of an air raid’. JACKSON, William LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a fellow worker at very great risk to himself’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Jackson (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). JACOBS, May Haylock LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For saving the lives of patients at great personal risk when a field hospital was bombed by enemy aircraft’. JAMES, Doris Adelaide, 386 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. JAMES, William Emmett, Chief Inspector, K Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chief Inspector 166 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 James was the Officer responsible for the manning of the High Point on the Palace Theatre at High Street, East Ham, where very important information was obtained during Raids and for which he was highly commended; the duties were carried out night and day. Many very useful reports were ‘phoned of the movements of Enemy Aircraft. Chief Inspector James took his share of the duties required at the Silvertown Explosions and was posted for duty where TNT was lying about in quantity, he always carried on in spite of great danger. Chief Inspector James had over a hundred S/Cs at East Ham Police Station, squads of which were doing duty every night on points required by the Police to be guarded. The number of duties done by Chief Inspector James was over a thousand’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). JAMISON, Mary Jane, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. JANES, Herbert LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage in returning to work immediately after his hand had been dressed on account of his losing three fingers in a shearing machine’. Janes, who lived at 63 North Street, Leighton Buzzard, was due to receive his medal from the Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire in Dunstable and successfully claimed 15s for the cost of travelling to the ceremony on a Sunday by car, the usual third class train travel being impossible as trains were not running (TNA ref: HO 45/13340). JARMAN, Albert Steven, Fireman, Broadstairs Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Benjamin Austin (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). JARVIS, Florence Mabel, 6507 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at ’15 Lines, Clipstone’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). JEE ,William Robert, Chief Inspector, K Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This officer rendered exceptional service at North Woolwich where he was in charge of the S/Cs on the high point (Western Electric Works) from the first manning of the Post till the Armistice. Many times during the Raids he was in positions of great danger not only from Bombs but from shells falling. One shell fell on the roof where he was and at considerable risk before it could explode he got it placed in a bucket of water. Inspector Jee for many months did night and day duty; he handled his men splendidly, and the work they did was highly commended by Lieut Commander Paget. Chief Inspector Jee took a good share of the duties during the time that K Division was called to relieve the Police at Silvertown after the Explosion. Number of Duties down by Chief Inspector Jee was over twelve hundred’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). JEET, Rugbeer LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. JEFFERY, Jack Lane LG (8 January 1918, p.475): ‘For courage connected with production and testing of exceptionally dangerous materials’. 167 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE JEFFRIES, Miss Nellie Elizabeth LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For courage and devotion to duty under very trying conditions in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). JENKINS, Thomas, 6076430 Cpl, The Queen’s Royal Regiment LG (28 September 1921, p.7637): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (to be dated 3 August 1921). This appears to have been an award for gallantry in Ireland, as were other BEMs in this gazette. Jenkins missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922, having been discharged; his address was noted as 115 Upper North Street, Poplar (TNA ref: WO 35/181). JENKINSON, Charles Pierre, Superintendent Marine Engineer LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For promptitude and resource in dealing with a serious fire on a vessel containing a large quantity of oil’. JENKINSON, John Hayes LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage and resource in extinguishing a fire in a tank car of benzol at a chemical factory in Canada, at grave personal risk’. JENNER, Miss Amy Helen, Motor Driver, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Jenner by the Director of the WRNS on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). JERRETT, Mrs Maria Lilian, 4271 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Receiving Depot for Overseas, Folkestone (TNA ref: WO 162/65). JOHNS, Gertrude Maud Mary, Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For devotion to duty and high example in a position of great responsibility during air raids’. JOHNSON, Mrs LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For courage and resource shown while working in very dangerous circumstances’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Process Charge Hand. In charge of shell filling under very trying conditions until efficient plant was installed [at HM Factory at Middlewich]. On several occasions prevented panic by promptly dealing with leaking shells at considerable risk to themselves’, her address being given as 168 Market Street, Crewe (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). JOHNSON, Alice Naomi, Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/132 (where her name is recorded as ‘Mrs A V Johnson’). The latter, however, also includes a newspaper account on the reverse which reports: ‘Miss A V Johnson displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids – in charge of the Lee Green telephone exchange, on no occasion when she was on duty was the … room left [unstaffed]. Medal bestowed by the Marquis of Crewe on Saturday 5 April 1919’ (Kentish Mercury, 18 April 1919). JOHNSON, Arthur LG (11 June 1918, p.6896): ‘For courage and presence of mind in subduing a fire in a magazine at an explosives factory, and in removing a number of grenades’. 168 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 JOHNSON, Charles Percy LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage and presence of mind in extinguishing a fire in a munitions factory and removing explosive material’. JOHNSON, Charles William LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and resource shown on several occasions under circumstances of great personal danger’. JOHNSON, Charles William James LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in carrying out repairs to plant in explosives factory in the presence of dangerous gases’. JOHNSON, Ellen, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. JOHNSON, Ernest Walter, Youth, Engineering Dept LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For great courage and devotion to duty in carrying out telegraph work in a dangerous area’. JOHNSON, Frederick Albert, 7245641 Staff Sergeant, Royal Army Medical Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) list this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. JOHNSON, Harold Edwin, Second. Officer, Southend-on-Sea Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft, and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for William George Harvey (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). JOHNSON, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. JOHNSON, Jilbert, Works Constable LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Behaved with coolness and resource on the occasion of a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory, Johnson being considered (ultimately unsuccessfully) as a candidate for the Edward Medal or King’s Police Medal. At the subsequent inquiry Johnson gave the following witness statement: ‘I was on duty on the runway on the night of 1st October along by the Discharge Houses between 6A Unit and Explosive Houses. At 10.15pm I saw a large flame coming through the roof of 6C. I immediately gave the alarm to the fireman and proceeded to Change Houses 6, 5 and 4, when I found the work girls getting clothes etc. I warned the attendant and No. 5 Change Hand. I turned the sprinklers on, on my way there. I came back to the fire and assisted Firemen Taylor and Webster with hoses until they played on the flames. With Fireman Hackett and another I then proceeded to a hydrant against the Bonus Offices and found it at work. I then went to the hydrant behind No. 6 Transit Shed which was working. I proceeded to the fire in 6 Unit, when the first explosion took place, which set the roof of 6A Transit Shed on fire. I went inside, got an extinguisher and played on it inside. I seized another from No. 12 Change House and put it out from the outside. Another fire broke out on the roof of 6B Transit Shed, which I extinguished with the aid of a soldier. I then went into No. 13 Change House and found no one there. I then was forced to take shelter behind empty boxes outside 7B Transit Shed. I remained there until 11.55pm. I then took shelter behind the Ejector House opposite Bond Store 13, until 3.30am then proceeded to Lune Road Gate, which was left unguarded except by sentries. I took up duty there until 6.10am and left the Gate in charge of the Military Guard, and came to the main gates and reported myself to Constables Rogers and Brown’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). 169 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE JOHNSON, Lilian, 21030 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Wrexham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). JOHNSON, Patricia Edith Annie, 19547 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, under her married name ‘Mrs T Jobson’, under reference DEC 6/131. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23: in this case the BWM/VM were issued to her as ‘E. A. Johnson’. JOHNSTON, Agnes Grieve, 8963 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. JOHNSTONE, Mary Dott, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. JOHNSTONE, Robert Murray LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Charge Chemists employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth]. These men were repeatedly burnt and gassed. By their devotion to duty they set a fine example to their subordinates’; his address being given as 10 Randolph Place, Mount Florida, Glasgow (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). According to the family, Johnstone received his medal for work relating to the disposal of mustard gas. PROVENANCE: Johnstone’s medal, privately engraved, with its case of issue (this with his name in gold block on the lid: ‘ROBERT M JOHNSTONE’), together with his 1914-15 Star trio, this named to him as 106518 Sapper, RE, are still in family possession (2011). JOLLY, Ellen Caroline, 45190 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Having first enlisted in the Women’s Legion, Jolly transferred to the QMAAC in June 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the No. 1 Dispersal Camp at Wimbledon, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member did excellent work in the Women’s Legion while in charge of a small unit. She is capable, tactful, and untiring in her work for the Corps’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/133 (where she is recorded as ‘Mrs’). The latter also notes on the reverse that she served for two years and 10 months in the Women’s Legion and the QMAAC. JONES, Alfred Frank LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For great courage and high example shown on the occasion of a severe explosion in an explosives factory’. JONES, Anita Myfanwy, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A small picture of the recipient appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/134 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that the medal was presented to her on 9 November 1918. 170 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 JONES, Anne Elizabeth, 12359 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Having enlisted in the Women’s Legion in May 1917, Jones transferred to the QMAAC on 27 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at St John’s Wood, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member has worked most conscientiously, both in the Women’s Legion and QMAAC, and has an excellent influence with the other workers’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). JONES, Doris Grace, 2274 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, as a shorthand typist, submitted while based at the Receiving Depot for Overseas, Folkestone (TNA ref: WO 162/65). JONES, H LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For great courage and resource in dealing with fires at an explosives factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). JONES, Harry Edward, Private, 5241057, The Worcestershire Regiment LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) list this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. JONES, H O, Chief Officer, Folkestone Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states that Jones and other firemen were involved on: ’25 May 1917 [in the] rescue of several injured persons from a wrecked shop in close proximity to the flames from a burst gas-main, which had set fire to a portion of the debris …The Chief Officer … stated that although the greater number of the men had rendered excellent service it was not possible to make any recommendations under the conditions set out in the circular. Air raid victims were rescued from wrecked buildings, and bodies were recovered under risks of building collapse, but he could not claim that the risks were greater than at ordinary fires…’. The Folkestone Council asked for a collective award, an idea which was declined and a Home Office civil servant opined that: ‘It is a typical case for a collective medal, but if this is ruled out, perhaps the Chief Officer might be given the Medal’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). See also the entry for Arthur Woods. JONES, James LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of picric acid, at very great personal risk, during a fire’. JONES, Jane Annie, 4938 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, as a ledger clerk, submitted while based at the MPRO at Aldershot (TNA ref: WO 162/65). JONES, Jennie, 21329 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the V Lines at Catterick (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/135 (where her name is recorded as ‘Mrs Jennie E Jones’). 171 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE JONES, John, Fireman, Wigan Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for John S Percival (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). JONES, John Richard LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and resource in assisting to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory at great personal risk’. JONES, Kate Elizabeth, 22133 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/135-001. JONES, Maurice, Inspector, Engineering Dept, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Has carried out two very dangerous missions, successfully passing through hostile lines at great personal risk’. Jones, from 28 Melrose Avenue, Fairview, Dublin, received his medal from the Earl of Meath, who presented this and other medals on behalf of George V, at a ceremony at the Armoury Hall, Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, Dublin, on Saturday 6 April 1918 (Weekly Irish Times, Saturday 13 April 1918, p.3). JONES, Robert LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and resource in assisting to extinguish a fire at a filling factory, at imminent risk of serious explosion’. JONES, Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and high example in doing hard work for long hours in spite of his age (79 years)’. JONES, William, Master of Harbour Craft LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For self-sacrifice and meritorious performance of arduous and important work’. JORDAN, George Henry LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in fighting a fire caused by an explosion, at very great personal risk’. JOSEPH, Samuel LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. JOWETT, Thomas Henry, Assistant Motor Engineer, Bradford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for James Scott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). JOYCE, Mary LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an air raid’. JUDD, John Charles LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. JULIAN, Nellie, 5 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. 172 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 K KACKAMALLAH, Othanatty Thatha LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. KALLEND, Edith Charlotte, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/136 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that the medal was for duty in the East Ham Telephone Exchange and she was presented with it on 17 May 1919. KANE, John LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in saving the lives of several fellow-workers who were buried in the lining of a furnace which they were repairing’. KAPPELLE, William Jean Charles de. See under: de KAPPELLE. KARAL, Sarat Chandra LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. KARAR, Ashu LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. KASAMALLI, Mahomed Alli LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. KAY, Alexander McNair, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. KEAM, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. KEAY, Edith, 1635 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. KEELING, W A LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in remaining at his work during a fire which resulted in a very serious explosion’. KEENAN, Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and high example on the work after sustaining severe injury to face and eyes, on account of an explosion’. 173 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE KEENEY, Charles Joseph, 62685 Sergeant, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Keeney was born in Longford on 30 September 1888 and was appointed to the RIC on 17 June 1907. He subsequently enlisted in the Irish Guards at Dublin in January 1915 and was advanced to LanceCorporal that April, in which month he entered the French theatre of war. According to regimental records he was taken POW at Bourlon Wood on 27 November 1917, by which date he had been advanced to Sergeant. Repatriated in December 1918, he rejoined the RIC in March 1919, being posted to Belfast on 7 June 1919 and to Galway on 5 February 1920. Promoted to Sergeant on 1 February 1921, he received a 3rd class Favourable Record, dated 28 April of what appears to be 1921 (the year being indistinct in the service register). He was discharged on 11 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/32). PROVENANCE: Kenney’s medals, Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Civil Division), unnamed as issued, 1914-15 Star (6472 Pte, I. Gds.), British War and Victory Medals (6472 Sgt., Ir. Gds.), Visit to Ireland 1911, unnamed as issued, was sold at DNW on 5 April 2006, lot 1246, VF, £1,900 (hammer price). KELLOCK, Archibald, 05212 Pte (T/Sub-Condr), Royal Army Ordnance Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. KEMPSON, William, Works Manager LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For devotion to duty and courage in carrying out rescue work during a fire and explosion’. KENDALL, Sydney Frank LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and presence of mind in helping to subdue a fire under circumstances of great danger’. KENDALL, William LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage and resource in helping to extinguish a fire at a munitions factory at great personal risk’. KENNEDY, Elizabeth Thompson, 3588 Asst Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Chester Headquarters (TNA ref: WO 162/65). KENNY, Patrick Michael LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘On several occasions, at risk of his life, conveyed food and messages to a party of troops who were cut off and isolated by hostile forces’. The award was approved by the Home Office on 22 April 1918, the recipient’s name being apparently misquoted as ‘Kennedy’ (TNA ref: HO 180/6). KENT, Miss Agnes, VAD Nursing Member, Dorsetshire Branch, British Bed Cross Society LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. She went into a burning marquee to rescue a patient who was thought to be still there’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the night of June 24-25 1918 at Newton VAD Hospital, Wimborne, a marquee containing 15 patients was destroyed by fire; Miss Kent with great courage and considerable personal risk, rushed into the burning tent, to rescue a patient who was thought to be still there’; while her address is noted as The Red House, Sturminster Marshall, Wimborne, Dorset (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). The Daily Mirror noted the award (8 July 1918, p.2). Kent (who was from Sturminster Marshall) was presented with her medal by the Lord Lieutenant of Dorset, Lord Shaftesbury, on 25 October 1920 (The Times, 26 October 1920, p.7). 174 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 KERRIDGE, Harold LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and resource in subduing a fire at great personal risk. Age 16’. The Daily Mirror noted the award and published a photograph of Kerridge (14 June 1918, p.1 and 2). KERSHAW, Cyril, 1570 Pte /T/QMS), Royal Army Medical Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. KEWLEY, James, Lightship Master LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For unflinching devotion to duty when in imminent danger from enemy submarines and mines’. KHAN, Ali Akbar, Sub-Inspector Indian Police, attached General Staff, Straits Settlement LG (7 July 1920, p.7301): ‘For excellent work of a special nature performed with high intelligence’. This repeats the surviving recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). KHARRASH, Mohammad Ahmed, 663 Onbashi, No. 3 Co., Egyptian Camel Corps, (Frontier Districts Administration, Egyptian Army) (unit details amended in LG, 31 March 1920, p.4000) LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for Egypt, was to be dated 3 June 1919. The BEM (Military Division) was forwarded to the Foreign Office in March 1920 for presentation. Kharrash received his award from Lord Allenby at 5.30pm on 29 July 1920 at The Residency, Ramleh (TNA ref: FO 372/1503/T3224 and FO 372/1517/T9619). KIAER, Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of a fire at a filling factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/137 (where she is recorded as ‘Mrs’). KIDD, Alexander, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty entailing work of a dangerous and trying character’. KIDMAN, Phillip W LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous service in performing highly dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). KILKELLY, Mary, 10939 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Kilkelly enrolled in the QMAAC on 13 November 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Connaught Club, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘recommended for great devotion to and most conspicuous success in very special and important duties. This member is extremely conscientious, and has shown remarkable tact, sympathy and understanding in dealing with difficult cases, over whom she has the best possible influence. It is impossible to speak too highly of the excellent work she has done for the Corps’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). KILLICK, Richard Rothwell, YMCA Hut Worker LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘Has displayed zeal and courage in carrying out YMCA work’. 175 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE KIMBELL, Harold Richard LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of picric acid at very great personal risk during a fire’. PROVENANCE: A medal, engraved ‘Harold Richard Kimbell’, in its case of issue, was offered by Wellington Auctions, December2011-January 2012 sale, lot 649. KING, H, 120649 Corporal LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). KING, Herbert John LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in extinguishing a fire in an explosives factory at very great risk to his life’. KING, Kenneth LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, King receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). KING, Lilian, 9953 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Preston Barracks at Brighton (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/138 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss L F King’), the picture being taken by a Brighton photographer. KIPLING, Rosa Kate LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in returning to her work after seven and a half months’ serious illness and several operations caused by an explosion’. KIRBY, James, Ship Fitter, Portsmouth Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For self-sacrifice in helping to extricate an injured fellow-workman from a place of danger, though he himself was dangerously injured’. The Daily Mirror (14 May 1918, p.1) published a picture of him, taken when the Duke of Wellington was presenting BEMs at Portsmouth Town Hall in May 1918. KIRK, Evelyn LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage on the occasion of an imminent explosion at an explosives factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient (taken by a Wrexham photographer) is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/139. The latter also notes on the reverse that the medal was for devotion to duty in a munitions factory at Queensferry. KIRK, James Goodyear, Foreman of the Evaporator Plant LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice on the occasion of an explosion and fire at an explosives factory, entering the burning building and extricating the workers at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Langwith, near Mansfield, states: ‘…behaved very gallantly at the explosion on 20 March 1918 and entered the burning building at about the same time as Inspector [J T] Brady. It is stated that Mr Kirk went in first, but it is a little bit difficult to reconcile the statements on these points. There is no question that the three officials above mentioned took a serious risk and their heroism deserves recognition’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). 176 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 KIRKBY, Eliza, 22406 Asst Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Harrawby Camp at Grantham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). KIRKHAM, Herbert LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and high example in continuing at very dangerous work, although seriously injured on two separate occasions’. KIRKHAM, John William LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. KNIGHT, Henry James, S/20850 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. KNIGHT, May LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an air raid’. KNIGHT, Walter Reginald LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire in an explosives factory and removing explosives from the burning building’. KNOTT, Nelly LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For great courage in stopping a machine and thus saving the life of a fellow-worker at grave risk to her own life’. KNOTT, Rose, Checker LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For conspicuous courage and high example at an Army Ordnance Depot on the occasion of an air raid’. Two portrait photographs of this recipient are preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under references DEC 6/140 and DEC6/141 (where her name is recorded as ‘Rose E Knott’). The latter also notes on the reverse that Knott’s address was 6 Gladstone Road, Crowborough, Sussex, and that the medal was presented to her on 28 May 1919 in Maidstone, Kent, for courage and high example ‘during repeated air raids’. KNOX, John LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in saving the lives of several fellow-workers who were buried in the lining of a furnace which they were repairing’. KNUBLEY, Arthur James, 791,114 Fireman, MMR LG (1 January 1919, p.113): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal was presented to Knubley on 15 September 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). KUNDOO, Charoo LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. KURICSHI, Nabi Bakksh, Khan Sahib LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. 177 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE L LAKE, Robert, Fitter and Outside Erector LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage on board a submarine in dangerous circumstances’. LAMBE, Patrick, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Rendered very valuable service in picking up and repairing wires which had been shot down’. LAMBERT, Charles Henry, Master Mariner, Examination Service and Rescue Tugs, Dover Dockyard. LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and skill displayed in towing cargo and other ships out of a minefield after they had been mined’. Noting his death shortly afterwards, The Times (5 September 1918, p.3) stated that: ‘Captain Charles Lambert, senior tugmaster under the Dover Harbour Board, who has just died, was one of the best known tug captains on the south-east coast. He had carried out some very daring and successful salvage work from the Goodwins, and was awarded the British Empire Medal this year for towing ships out of minefields. He was one of the first men to take a ship through the Zeebrugge Ship Canal’. LAMBERT, William, Telegraphist LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. LAMEY, Edwin, Shipwright LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For valuable service, frequently under conditions of personal risk’. LAMEY, Thomas John, Shipwright LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For valuable service, frequently under conditions of personal risk’. LANCASTER, Amelia LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and high example in time of grave danger. Her example of returning to work at the earliest opportunity after a severe shock caused by an explosion at a filling factory had an excellent influence on other workers’. LANDREGAN, Harry Humphrey, Sapper No. 2, Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raids’. LANE, Albert Frederick LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. LANE, Gordon Joseph, MD, Inspector, C Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the night of October 19–20 1917 when a large bomb was dropped in Piccadilly Circus and a number of people were killed and injured, Inspector Dr Lane was most zealous in attending to the injured at great personal risk: he went through a number of damaged premises at great risk from falling glass and escaping gas to search for injured persons. Inspector Dr Lane in going to the various Air Raid Shelters when called upon to attend to persons taken ill during the period of Air Raids, he by his personality, courage and example allayed 178 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 panic and anxiety on many occasions’; Lane’s address is noted as 90a Harley Street, W1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). LANGER, Kameshwar Nath LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in India in connection with the War’. LANGHORNE, 34486 Sgt, Bedfordshire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. LANGRIDGE, Philip C, Inspector, Engineering Dept, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. LANGSTONE, Henry Thomas, S/24926 Sgt (T/S/QMS), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. LAPOINTE, G H LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For courage in helping to remove large quantities of loaded fuses during a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, while explosions were taking place’. LARKINS, Charles, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). LAST, Stanley George, Skilled Workman LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and high example in continuing work in a gas-laden atmosphere at great personal risk’. LAVELLE, Michael LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. LAVER, Eleanor, 9342’ Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the Military Convalescent Hospital, Woodcote Park, Epsom (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient, together with her husband, is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, indexed under her married name ‘Mrs E W Payne’, under reference DEC 6/240. LAVIE, Miss Gladys Lucy LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For devotion to duty and courage in performing specially dangerous work in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). LAW, Frank LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For self-sacrifice and devotion to duty. Twice, after suffering from very severe burns, he resumed dangerous work in an acid factory’. LAWRENCE, George LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of an explosion at a filling factory’. 179 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE LAWS, Ada Mary, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Laws (who was noted as being from Bermondsey) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). PROVENANCE: Laws’ medal (privately named) exists in a private UK collection (2011) LEDGER, Fountain Benjamin, Sub-Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Bostal Hill, Plumstead, London, SE, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. LEE Archibald Henry, 344665 Sapper (A/Cpl), Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. LEEDS, Ethel Mary, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/142. The latter also notes on the reverse that Leeds worked as a telephonist at the Gravesend Post Office, that she had first joined the PO on 1 May 1901, and is dated Gravesend 25 February 1918, perhaps indicating the date of the bestowal. LEES, L W, 176560 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). LEGG, Fred, Acting Chief Officer, Reigate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on a train containing explosives’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 22 September 1917 a goods train proceeding from London, when near Earlswood, three of the trucks – one of which contained fuses and the other two shells – were discovered to be on fire. The Brigade notwithstanding the danger were able to extinguish the fire on the truck containing the fuses. The driver of the train was able to uncouple the trucks and remove those containing the shells out of danger. On 15 January 1918 Captain Legg was in charge of the Brigade at a large fire in the goods yard of the Reigate Station of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. In close proximity to the fire a number of trucks containing a large quantity of cordite was standing. There was no hope from the first of saving the building and the efforts of the Brigade were wholly concentrated on preventing the fire spreading to the trucks. In this the Brigade was successful, but the risk attending the operation was considerable’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Charles John Carne, a goods inspector with the London, Brighton & South Coast Railway, received the Albert Medal (in bronze) for his services at the incident on 22 September 1917 (see Henderson, 1988, p.22). LEIGH, W S, 349592 Pioneer, RE LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’ (Civil Division). This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PROVENANCE: Leigh’s medal (unnamed), with an original letter inviting him to the investiture, exists in a private UK collection (2011) 180 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 LEITCH, Colin M, 169507 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details. By 1921 Leitch was in Cuba, his address being then noted as c/o Oil Trust Ltd, Minas de Asfalto, San Juan Bautista, Pinar Del Rio, Cuba. His medal was sent to the British Legation in Havana and on 11 March 1921 William Erskine, the British representative, presented it to him (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323 and FO 372/1769/T747 and T3882). LESSON, Rose M, 14370 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). LESTER, Horace S LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For courage and high example, working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere in spite of being several times injured’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). LETHBRIDGE, Lilian Jane, 22112 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Lethbridge enrolled in the Women’s Legion on 15 December 1917 and later transferred to the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at ‘C’ Signal Depot, RE, Bedford (TNA ref: WO 162/65). LETHBRIDGE, Mabel Florence LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of an accident in a filling factory, causing loss of one leg and severe injuries to the other’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/143. The latter also notes on the reverse that the medal was ‘for courage and high example shown on the occasion of an explosion in National Filling Factory No. 7, causing loss of one leg and serious injuries to the other’ and cites her address as 42 Fordhook Avenue, Ealing Common, W5. LEVY, Lewis Lipman, Sergeant, Y Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘During the course of business, [Levy] saw volumes of smoke issuing from the windows of the “Horse and Groom” Public House, 14 Holloway Road. He ran across the road, and was told that there were children on top floor. He ran upstairs (the smoke was very thick) followed by two coalmen. Between them they got down the landlady, Mrs Black, her two children and charwoman. The latter was somewhat burnt about the face, neck and hands. After seeing the people safe, he assisted in partly putting out the fire before the Fire Brigade arrived. The fire occurred at 10.05am on 29 November 1917’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). Levy was originally noted as a Special Constable, his correct rank (Sergeant) being confirmed by the Home Office in a letter dated 27 October 1920 (TNA ref: HO 180/6). LEWES, John James, Skilled Labourer, Works Department, Portsmouth Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For great skill and daring in the performance of difficult and dangerous work in connection with certain works at Portsmouth’. LEWIS, Frederick John, Leading Man (Diver), Chatham Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage, skill and resource exhibited in a marked degree’. 181 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE LEYH, Stanley George Hoare, M.6121 A/Chief Writer, RN LG (1 January 1919, p.113): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal was presented to Leyh through the Secretary of the Allied Naval Council on 4 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). Leyh was also awarded the 1914-15 Star trio and a duplicate set of these was issued ‘to man’s bank 30.9.48 under name of Stevens’ (TNA ref: ADM 171/108). LEYLAND, Alfred LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. LEYLAND, Thomas LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For great courage, conspicuous devotion to duty and resource shown on several occasions in extinguishing serious fires caused by explosions, by which his health was severely impaired by contact with poisonous fumes’. The original recommendation for the award from HM [Poison Gas] Factory at Sutton Oak states: ‘6 May 1918: During the feeding of sodium through manhole of reaction vessel, fire suddenly broke out completely enveloping Leyland who was standing over the manhole; the result was that his rubber gloves which were saturated with benzene owing to the handling of the sodium, ignited and burned furiously. He however, managed to shake these off and returned to give assistance in extinguishing the fire. His hands and face were rather badly singed, and after treatment was sent home suffering from shock but returned and resumed duty the next day reporting himself as “quite fit”. 19 May 1918: When using coal gas for blowing purposes a vacuum was being applied when an explosion occurred which was followed by fire. Leyland acted immediately and thereby minimising the danger which might have ensued had he not acted promptly. The position was a very uncertain one and Leyland acted in disregard to any danger to himself. 19 July 1918: An explosion in large reaction vessel house occurred, when a large reaction vessel cracked, and was partly destroyed. On this occasion Leyland played a leading part in getting the fire under control. He has never offered the slightest complaint, but always acts promptly in case of necessity, and is a reliable workman. Leyland has been in a number of smaller fires which constantly occur on the plant. This man is still severely suffering from poisoning through contact with Poison Gas (D.A.)’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). LICKESS, Albert LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For great courage and high example shown in dealing with a fire at an explosives factory under circumstances of very exceptional danger’. LIDWELL, Patrick LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For zeal and devotion to duty in difficult and dangerous circumstances’. LIGHTBODY, Jessie, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A small picture of the recipient appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/145 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). LILLINGTON, Albert James, 20790 Mech S/Sgt, Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. LINCH, Frank William LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For courage in carrying out research work in a poisonous atmosphere although several times badly injured’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chief Chemist in connection with H.S. manufacture [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], several times badly burnt. He carried out very considerable research work in connection with the gas’, his address being given as Ash Grove, Hawarden, near Chester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). 182 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 LINDER, Edward Albert, Station Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. LINDSAY, Janet LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of an explosion in a detonator magazine at a filling factory’. LINEKER, Bright Ernest George, 6453369 Pte, Royal Army Service Corps LG (29 July 1921, p.6009): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. This appears to have been an award for services in Ireland, where Lineker was severely injured, losing a leg. Transferred from Ireland to the Roehampton Military Hospital and then the South African Military Hospital, Richmond, London, where he was due to be fitted with an artificial leg, Lineker’s medal was sent to the CO there on 30 January 1922 for him to make the presentation (TNA ref: WO 35/181). LINEY, Jessie, 5305 Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 24th Tank Corps at Winchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). LIPSCOMBE, Arthur LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in stopping a fire in a powder factory under circumstances of exceptional danger to his life’. LIVITT, Alexander P, Station Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from, buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 7 July 1917. LLOYD, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8798) ‘For services in connection with the war’. LLOYD, Thomas John, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 7 July 1917. LOCK, Blanche Alice, 8048 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at 274 Company, ASC, at Plumstead (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/146 (where she is recorded as ‘Mrs’). PROVENANCE: Lock’s medal, privately engraved ‘B. A. Lock 12th Oct 1920’, in GVF condition, with an accompanying miniature medal, was sold by Warwick & Warwick, 2005. 183 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE LOCKWOOD, Robert Andrew, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Has done exceptional service during rough weather in effecting repairs to submarine cables carrying naval and military wires’. LODDER, Tom Oliver, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘Showed great courage and devotion while in charge of a telegraph station, carrying out his duties under fire’. LOFTUS, Bertie, M/16453 Pte (A/Sgt), Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘This NCO showed great gallantry and initiative in leading men during an ambush [at Cross Barry] on 19 March 1921. He also made repeated attempts, under heavy fire, to rescue a wounded officer lying in an exposed position’. Loftus received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]). LOMAX, Percy George, S/18235 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. LONDON, Edward, Staff-Sergeant, Expeditionary Force Canteens LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while carrying on canteen work under shell fire’. LONDON, Gertrude Emma, 17246 Forewoman-Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. LONG, Charles LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For great courage and resource shown on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory in Canada’. LONG, Miss Ethel Kate LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For devotion to duty and courage in performing specially dangerous work in a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). LOUGHREY, John, 71177 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. The probable recipient was Constable John Loughery [sic], born in Longford on 17 February 1895, who worked as a farmer and served for a time in the army before enlisting in the RIC on 22 April 1920. He was posted to the Reserve on 16 June 1920, then Monaghan (no date being recorded for this), and then Antrim on 1 February 1922. With the disbandment of the RIC, Loughery was pensioned on 31 May 1922 (TNA ref: HO 184/37; one ‘John Loughrey’ did serve briefly in the RIC [register number 64303], being appointed on 10 August 1908, though he was discharged on being declared unfit by the surgeon, see TNA ref: HO 184/33). LOWE, Albert James LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Lowe (who was noted as being from Southwark) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). 184 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 LOWE, Euphemia, 20003 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 10th Officer Cadet Battalion at Tillicoultry (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/147 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’; the reverse noting her address as being in Stirlingshire). LOWNES, John LG (15 January 1919, p.805): ‘For great courage and resource shown on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory in Canada’. LOXTON, Norman Gatley LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as Shipton Thorpe, Market Weighton, East Yorkshire (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). LUCKES, Walter John Durant, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7308): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Bostal Hill, Plumstead, London, SE, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. LUDLOW, Alice LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an explosion and prompt return to work’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/148 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that her address was 6 Lincolnshire Terrace, Lanes End, near Dartford, Kent. LUSH, Ada Rosalind, 3987 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, as a shorthand typist, submitted while based at the Connaught Club (TNA ref: WO 162/65). LYNCH, Alfred Joseph, Christian, late 61591 Sergeant-Major, RGA LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the war’ (Military Division). The recipient’s name was later amended in the LG (31 March 1920, p.4000). 185 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Agnes McCann Telephone Supervisor Alice Naomi Johnson Clerk Bessie Mould, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps 186 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Fireman John Thomas Moore, Grimsby Volunteer Fire Brigade, with this daughter Below: His BEM group of medals For full details of medals, see entry for Moore, p.203) 187 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE M MCADIE, Donald, late Fireman in the Upper District of Renfrewshire Fire Brigade LG (11 November 1921, p.8928): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works in 1918’. This award was in late recognition of McAdie’s services at the fire at the National Tar Factory at Barrhead, the initial two awards – to Charles Angus and William Smith – having been granted after McAdie had left the brigade. See also the entry for Frederick MacWilliams and TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323 and HO 45/11016/377171. MCALPINE, William LG (8 January 1918, p.476): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in returning to work after losing three fingers of right hand owing to an accident, and before the wounds were properly healed’. MCCANN, Agnes LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a fellow-worker entangled in dangerously running machinery, at great risk to her life’. McCann, from 51 Dolphin’s Barn, South Circular Road, Dublin, received her medal from the Earl of Meath, who presented this and other medals on behalf of George V, at a ceremony at the Armoury Hall, Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, Dublin, on Saturday 6 April 1918 (Weekly Irish Times, Saturday 13 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/206 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that McCann was a munitions worker at a shell factory in Dublin and the award was ‘for signal bravery and courage on 8 October 1917 when at great personal risk she rescued a fellow worker who had become entangled in revolving machinery’ and gives a date ’26 March 1918’, perhaps the date of the bestowal. MCCANN, Francis James, M/14459 Corporal (Acting Sergeant), Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) list this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. MCCARTHY, John Patrick, S/22252 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. MCCOMB, Rose, 3660 Domestic, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Salisbury (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MCCOY, Nicholas LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, McCoy receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). MCDANIEL, Edward LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. 188 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MCDONAGH, Patrick, 57336 Sergeant, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. McDonagh was born in Galway in 1873 and was appointed to the RIC on 2 December 1895. Posted as a Constable to Kerry on 13 May 1904, he was promoted to Sergeant on 1 November 1914 and transferred to Kildare on 14 August 1920. McDonagh was awarded a 3rd class Favourable Record on 15 March 1916, a 1st class Favourable Record and one guinea on 11 March 1920 and also received the Constabulary Medal. He was discharged on 1 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/30). PROVENANCE: McDonagh’s medals, consisting of the BEM, Constabulary Medal (named ‘Sgt./ Patrick McDonagh/57336/1920’), 1903 Visit to Ireland Medal (named ‘C.P. McDonagh RIC’), 1911 Coronation Medal (RIC issue), unnamed, were sold at Christie’s 24 July 1984, lot 156, £850 and were again sold by Spink, 12 March 1996. MACDONALD, D M LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although, repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as 45 St James’ Square, Bath (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MCDONALD, James LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in attempting to save the life of a fellow-worker, who was gassed in a gas main, by entering it at very great personal risk’. MCDONALD, James, Ironwork Erector LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in the rescue of fellow workmen who were overcome by gas’. MCDONNELL, James, Skilled Workman LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great zeal and courage in carrying out telegraph work under dangerous conditions’. MCDOUGALL, Alexander LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. MCDOUGALL, Andrew LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. MCDOUGALL, George LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in saving the lives of several fellow-workers who were buried in the lining of a furnace which they were repairing’. MCDOWELL, John Benjamin LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. Has carried on his work as official photographer in circumstances of great difficulty and danger’. According to the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Film biographies’ guide to The Battle of the Somme [DVD], McDowell (1878-1954): ‘…In 1915…signed for B&C the formal agreement between the War Office and the Topical Committee (the association of British newsreel producers) leading to the creation of the British Topical Committee for War Films, on whose behalf the first two Official Kinematographers, Geoffrey Malins and Edward Tong, were sent to France in November. In June 1916, McDowell volunteered to go to the Front to replace Tong, who had been invalided home. He arrived in time to act as one of the two cameramen whose work constitutes The Battle of the Somme. McDowell continued filming at the Front with few interruptions until the end of the war – his name is listed in the credits of 56 titles in the Imperial War Museum film catalogue, and he is likely to have been the uncredited 189 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE cameraman for several more. From April 1918 he supervised the deployment of all the cameraman on the Western Front, and in June 1918 he was awarded both the Military Medal and the Medal of the Order of the British Empire…’ (www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/100/Somme%20DVD/ documents/Film%20Biographies.pdf). MCELHINNEY, Robert Alexander, Works Manager LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courageous conduct and devotion to duty’. MCFALL, Robert, Sergeant, L Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘[On] September 30 1917 Corporal Hepworth 534182 jumped in front of a train at North Lambeth Tube and had his arm severed, McFall unable to obtain an LCC. Ambulance procured the assistance of PC L333 and conveyed the Corporal on a hand ambulance to St Thomas’s Hospital during very heavy fire. The Corporal died the next morning. Sergeant McFall is worthy of special mention as he picked up the man and the severed arm from the lines and conveyed him through the streets during heavy barrage’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MCFARLANE, Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in saving the lives of two of his fellow-workers by entering an ash receiver full of mono-oxide gas’. MACFARLANE, William S, Labourer, Army Ordnance Department LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For conspicuous courage and self-sacrifice in detaching a burning railway truck to save the fire from setting alight ammunition trucks which were next to it’. The DNW catalogue of 26 March 2009 noted that: ‘William S MacFarlane served in the Volunteer and Territorial Force for many years. He served in the 2nd Battalion Highland Light Infantry whose HQ was in Yorkhill Street, Glasgow. As a Corporal, he was awarded the Volunteer Force Long Service Medal by Army Order 6 of 1 January 1909. On the formation of the Territorial Force he continued to serve in the 6th TF Battalion HLI. With the outbreak of war, he was mobilized with the battalion as RQMS. He served in this capacity until 1916 when he transferred to the Army Ordnance Department for the remainder of the war. In 1919 he was awarded the Medal of the Order of the British Empire for bravery as a Labourer in the Ordnance Department. MacFarlane was awarded the Territorial Force Efficiency Medal in A.O. 48 of February 1918’. PROVENANCE: Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Civil Division), (Ord. Officer W. MacFarlane, May 1919); Volunteer Force Long Service, E.VII.R. (9814 Cpl. W. S. McFarlane, 2/V.B. H.L.I.) impressed naming, scratch marks to second initial; Territorial Force Efficiency Medal, G.V.R. (TF-10 A.Q.M. Sgt. W. S. McFarlane, 6/High. L.I.) scratch marks to initials, mounted for wear, were sold at DNW on 26 March 2009, lot 46, VF, £620 (hammer price). MCGEORGE, Jean Smith, 989 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. MCGHIE, James, Under Foreman Joiner LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For bravery at the cost of serious personal injury in saving a half-blind labourer from being run over by a locomotive’. MCGRATH, Daniel, 60448 Sergeant, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. McGrath was born in Waterford in 1876 and was appointed to the RIC on 16 October 1901. Posted as a Constable to Limerick, he was promoted Sergeant on 1 August 1920 and received six Favourable Records 190 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 during his career, the last two being 3rd class awards dated 12 February 1920 and 3 September 1920. He was discharged on 20 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/31). MCGRATH, Michael LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in ascending a furnace under conditions so dangerous that all others had refused to do so’. MCINTYRE, May Louise LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an accident at a filling factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/207 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that McIntyre was an Overlooker at the Melt Section at the Scottish Filling Factory (4), at Georgetown, and gives a date 16 February 1918, perhaps the date of the conferral. MACINNES, Mary LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory. Although suffering from shock, she remained at her post, attending to the injured throughout the night’. MCKAY, J, 128797 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MCKAY, William, Ply 10,803 (RFR, Ply/B334) Private, RMLI LG (17 October 1919, p.12779): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal, awarded for services whilst a prisoner-of-war, was issued to McKay by the CO of the Irish Sea Area on 27 May 1920 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). MACKAY, William George LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. MACKENSIE, Jeane, 14548 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the Command Depot at Alnwick (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MCKENZIE, Alison Evelyn LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory. Although suffering from shock, she helped in the work of rescue throughout the night’. MACKENZIE, Francis, 1st Class Examiner LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For very valuable work and conspicuous self-sacrifice. Though suffering from consumption, he continued to work until his health completely broke down’. MACKENZIE, John, 7176 Sgt (T/Supt Clk), Seaforth Highlanders LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. MACKERN, Joan LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage in carrying out her duties under circumstances of grave personal danger’. A small picture of the recipient appeared in the Daily Mirror (14 June 1918, p.1). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/208 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the 191 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE reverse that MacKern had served as a Mechanic Driver in the Women’s Legion (which she joined on 30 April 1917), attached to 606 Company, Motor Transport, RASC at Woolwich Arsenal. MACLENNAN, Helen Lilian, 19051 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Royal Scots Depot, Glencorse (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MCLAREN, J LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, McLaren receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). MCLEAN, Thomas LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as 44 Cromarty Avenue, Newlands, Glasgow (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MCMADDOCKS, John LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For great courage on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory. He brought the drenchers into action, and used his own body to prevent draught fanning the flames in stoves’. MCQUOID, Emery M LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion of a fire and explosion at an explosives factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MACWILLIAMS, Frederick S, late Deputy Firemaster of the Upper District of Renfrewshire LG (11 November 1921, p.8928): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works in 1918’. This award was in late recognition of MacWilliams’ services at the fire at the National Tar Factory at Barrhead, the initial two awards – to Charles Angus and William Smith – having been granted after MacWilliams had left the brigade. MacWilliams unsuccessfully brought his claim for recognition to the attention of the Fire Brigade Committee and then wrote a four-page letter directly to the Home Secretary on 25 September 1920, which (following corroboration) resulted in the award. In this MacWilliams stated that: ‘In May of 1918 there was a big fire at the National Tar Factory, Barrhead, Scotland. I, as Deputy Firemaster of the Upper District of Renfrewshire Fire Brigade, took the call to this fire, turned out the firemen, drove fire engine and men to the fire, and in the absence of the Firemaster (Mr Angus) took command of the brigade until his arrival at the fire. Previous to the arrival of Mr Angus at the fire, I had set men to work to ensure a good supply of water by linking up a burn. I then proceeded down past huge tanks of naphthalene (this factory was making munitions of war), which were ablaze and exploding intermittently, to find out what fire appliances were available at the seat of the fire. On the arrival of the Firemaster I became subject to his orders. I worked hard at the extinguishing of the fire along with Mr Angus and Fireman Wm Smith (when not with one, was with the other) until all the danger was past. I then received orders from the Firemaster to go home, wash, change and return to the fire. I did this, the others including Mr Angus returned home to the fire station and I was left on duty at the fire all night, being as nearly as possible 20 hours on duty at the fire. The others were in bed all night. Now sir, Firemaster Mr Angus and Fireman Smith have this year been awarded Medals of the OBE for their services at this fire, whilst I, I presume on account of having left the fire brigade before the recommendations went forward, have been neglected…’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 192 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MACE, George LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. MAHADEOSING, Ramchandra LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. MAHER, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘...for services in connection with the war’. MAHON, Denis, 54499 Sergeant, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Mahon was born in Leitrim in 1869 and was appointed to the RIC on 15 August 1890. Posted as a Constable to Roscommon on 11 June 1897 and Westmeath on 1 March 1922, he received two 3rd class Favourable Records, dated 7 July of perhaps 1919 (the date is indistinct in the register) and 11 April 1922. He was discharged on 4 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/28). MALE, Albert Herbert LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. MALINS, Geoffrey Herbert LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. Has carried on his work as official photographer in circumstances of great difficulty and danger’. According to the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Film biographies’ guide to The Battle of the Somme [DVD], Malins (1886-1940): ‘…In 1914… left Clarendon [Studios] to become a freelance war cameraman, working for the Gaumont Graphic newsreel, initially getting round British and French bans on frontline filming by working with the Belgian Army, then, having obtained permission from the French, filming Brilliant French Victory in the Vosges (released March 1915). In 1915, Malins was nominated as one of the first two Official Kinematographers sent by the Topical Committee for War Films to film on the Western Front after the British ban was relaxed; while waiting for permission to depart, he produces a series of ‘Orpheus Song Pictures’. Malins and Edward Tong finally left for France in October, producing material released in 1916 as six series of Official Pictures of the British Army in France. In 1916, Malins, together with J B McDowell, filmed the material that constitutes The Battle of the Somme. Malins came back to London to assist Charles Urban in editing the material for release, then returned to France to film The King Visits His Armies in the Great Advance and the conclusion of the Somme campaign in The Battle of the Ancre and the Advance of the Tanks. Malins’s name is listed in the credits of 30 titles in the Imperial War Museum film catalogue, and he may have been the uncredited cameraman for several more. During this period, Malins wrote the manuscript of his memoir How I Filmed the War, but was not allowed to publish it until after the War had ended. By 1917, Malins’s health had begun to suffer, and he was unable to work for long periods. He was appointed by Beaverbrook to the Canadian War Records Office, and returned to the Front in early 1918, but was discharged “owing to prolonged ill-health” in June 1918. His service was recognised by the award of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire’ (www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/100/ Somme%20DVD/documents/Film%20Biographies.pdf). MALLARD, G LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. MALLION, Violet, 20974 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the MT Depot at Sydenham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/209 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). 193 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MALLOCH, Francis John LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Charge Chemists employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth]. These men were repeatedly burnt and gassed. By their devotion to duty they set a fine example to their subordinates’; his address being given as c/o Malloch Bros, William Street, Perth, Western Australia (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323: the recipeint’s surname is given as ‘Molloch’ in the Ministry of Munitions recommendations. MALPAS, David, Sub-Engineer, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for Samuel Walter Stiff (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). MANCLARK, James, Factory Engineer LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘At great risk to his life displayed conspicuous courage on the occasion of an explosion, another explosion being imminent’. MANDAL, Lalit LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. MANN, Ernest William, Store Porter LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice in unremitting attention to duty under circumstances of danger’. MANN, Ivy, 17501 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Recommended for service as a waitress with the 7th Officers’ Cadet Battalion, Kilworth, Ireland, from September 1916 until at least 31 December 1918, originally with the Women’s Legion and then the QMAAC, the recommendation simply saying she ‘worked well’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/210 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that Mann had joined the Women’s Legion on 27 September 1916 and went with the first draft to Ireland, where she remained in camp. Transferring to the WAAC on 14 November 1917, Mann continued to serve in Ireland until sent to Dublin to be demobilized on 15 March 1919 – the last of the original draft. Her home address was noted as 5 Dunstan Street, Netherfield, Notts. MANN, Maud, 11866 Asst Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Mann enrolled in the QMAAC in October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Porton, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member has shown the greatest devotion and loyalty – an excellent worker’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/211 (where she is recorded as ‘’Miss). MANNING, William John, Boiler Cleaner LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage and presence of mind in extinguishing a dangerous fire’. MANNION, Valentine, 69421 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Mannion was born in Galway on 17 May 1894 and was appointed to the RIC on 1 May 1918, being posted as a Constable to King’s County (now Offaly). No distinctions were noted on his service record. He was discharged on 6 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/36). 194 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MANSFIELD, Samuel LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. MANSLEY, William, Skilled Workman LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great courage in maintaining telephone service during a series of explosions’. MARCHANT, Kitty LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage in helping to subdue a serious fire at a filling factory’. See Minnie Balkan for further details. MARLOW, Ethel Violet, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/212 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse what is presumably Marlow’s home address: 1 Halidon Street, Hackney. MARSH, Daisy LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and resource in utilising emergency fire appliances on the occasion of an explosion at an explosives factory’. MARSH, Joseph John, 7808071 Sgt, Machine Gun Corps LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. This appears to have been an award for bravery in Ireland. Marsh went on to join the Royal Irish Constabulary on 21 February 1921 (register number 78990), being posted to Kilkenny and serving there until disbanded on 10 February 1922. He missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham on 12 July 1921 and that in January 1922 (TNA ref: HO 184/40; WO 35/181). MARSHALL, Ruth, Forewoman LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courageous conduct and high example’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/273 (where she is recorded under her married name: ‘Mrs Ruth Snowden’, she having married Lancelot Snowden in Middlesborough in 1920). On the reverse of the latter photograph, her address is noted as 4 Ellerburne Street, Thornaby-on-Tees, and it states she received her medal on 5 April 1919 ‘for courageous conduct and high devotion to duty as forewoman in a munitions factory’. MARTIN, Arthur George, Chief Officer, Gravesend Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft, and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Attended many fires caused by hostile aircraft. Removed incendiary bomb from roof of General Hospital. Rescued injured person from debris of fallen houses. Also recovered a lighted bomb from a house when it had imbedded itself in a flock bed on the first floor’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Award also to Harry Alfred Waters for these incidents. MARTIN, Elizabeth, 16714 Head Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF, with a second recommendation submitted while she was based at Bostall Heath (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/213 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss’). 195 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MARTIN, Miss Kate LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For courage and highly meritorious service in an explosives factory in dangerous and trying circumstances’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MARTIN, Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage displayed on two occasions in dealing with an explosion and a fire at works producing highly inflammable liquids under circumstances of exceptional danger’. MARTIN, William, ex-Special Constable, R Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For special courage in carrying out his duty as leader of one of the Crews on Shooters Hill Observation Tower, which on many occasions necessitated the working of his instrument without any cover in the face of heavy bomb attacks and danger of pieces of falling shell, the Observation Post being struck several times’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MASON, F LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. MASON, Mollie Josephine, Munition Worker, Chatham Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and presence of mind in averting panic among women workers who were occupants of an overturned railway carriage’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/214 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse an address: 38 South Eastern Road, Strand of Queenstown, Ireland. MASSEY, Frances, 9313 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Massey enrolled on 12 October 1917 in the Women’s Legion and later joined the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Barton-on-Sea (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/215 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that Massey had worked as a waitress for three years at Barton-on-Sea, Hants. MASSEY, John Tolson LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on YMCA work in forward areas with the Army [attached to the 4th Australian Division] in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For great devotion to duty and consistent good work as Chief Representative of the YMCA in the Fourth Australian Division whereby the troops have at all times been catered for, more particularly by the personal efforts of Mr Massey in the forward area often under heavy shell fire’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MASSEY, Robert LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. MASSHEDER, Harry, Fireman, Bradford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for James Scott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). MASTER, John LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in preventing an explosion and fire at great personal risk’. MASUD, Hasan. See: HASAN, Masud 196 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MATTHEW, Mary, Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the 4th Royal Scots Fusiliers at the Maryhill Barracks, Glasgow (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MATTHEWS, Esther, 6279 Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 3rd Officer Cadet Battalion at Parkhurst (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MATTHEWS, Geraldine LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For courage and devotion in rendering aid to wounded persons under fire’. MATTHEWS, William, Captain, Barry Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. The original recommendation for the award, which notes further incidents Matthews and his brigade were involved with, states: ‘…20 July 1917 SS Zermatt: Bulkhead a fire between engine room and stokehold: Captain Matthews got down through the engine room accompanied by Fireman Thomas Hughes, who played on him with a small jet, and by this means was able to get at the seat of the fire. The ship was loaded with war material and had also 800 tons of explosives in the main hatch, which was adjoining the stokehold. There was not a soul on board when the Brigade attended with the fire appliance…’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). MAUDESLEY, Fanny, 18011 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at ‘N Lines, Brocton’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/216 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss F Maudsley’). The latter also notes on the reverse an address: Bank Cottage, Skipton, Yorks. MAUNDER, Doris, 11454 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, serving as a shorthand typist, submitted while based at the Hostel, Aldershot (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MAUNSELL, Miss Marie Elizabeth Sophia Edith, Chief Section Leader (Electrician), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Maunsell by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). MAURICE, N B, 225064 Acting Lance-Corporal LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MAW, Edith Blanche, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. MAXFIELD, Herbert Lightfoot LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist 197 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MAXTON, Alice Richmond, 800 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/217 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that Maxton worked as a ‘Forewoman Shorthand Typist at Headquarters L of C Area’. MAY, F W, 98193 Gunner LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MAYALL, William Alfred LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. MAYCOCK, Charles Edward, 4792729 Sgt, The Lincolnshire Regiment LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘On 31 July 1920 a bomb was thrown into a lorry containing an escort of six men in [the] charge of this NCO, wounding the driver and four of the escort. For two hours Serg[ean]t Maycock and his two remaining men kept the enemy at bay. He was seriously wounded during the engagement but continued fighting. By his gallant action the lorry and all arms were saved’. Maycock received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). PROVENANCE: Maycock’s BEM, 1914-15 trio and Regimental Medal for Bravery for ‘gallant conduct in Ireland 31 July 1920’ are in the regimental museum. MAYNARD, Emily, 14493 Housemaid, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes that Maynard enrolled in the Women’s Legion on 21 July 1917 and transferred to QMAAC on 23 October 1917, her recommendation being submitted from the Officers’ Command Depot at Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MAYNARD, Rev W H LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For consistent courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. The Daily Mirror noted the award (8 July 1918, p.2). MEDINE, Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in saving the lives of several fellow workers who were buried in the lining of a furnace which they were repairing’. MEE, Walter LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and resource in dealing with a fire at the cost of bodily injury’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Mee (who was noted as being from Poplar) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). 198 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MEERZA, Nawabzada Syud Ullee, Assistant Commander, C Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the night of September 24–25 1917, when a bomb had demolished three houses in Edward Street, Soho, he searched the demolished premises at great personal risk from falling debris and escaping gas; during this time the raid was still in progress and there was heavy gun fire. He again on the night of October 19-20 1917, when a large bomb was dropped at Piccadilly Circus, showed great zeal in assisting to search the premises of Messrs Swan & Edgar which had been greatly damaged by the explosion, the risk from falling glass was very great. Asst Commander Prince Meerza at all times during Air Raids continually visited the different Air Raid Shelters and by his courage and example and disregard to personal danger was greatly instrumental in adverting panic’; his address being noted as 35 Haymarket, SW1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MELLOR, Arthur LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage in risking his life to rescue his Chief under circumstances of a particularly dangerous character’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Laboratory Assistant. A bottle containing Benzene and other chemicals under pressure burst [at Messrs West Riding Chemical Co], Captain [H J Llewellyn] Parker the chief chemist being deluged with the contents which burst into flames. Arthur Mellor showed great presence of mind. He went to the rescue at great personal risk, conveyed Captain Parker out of the laboratory and extinguished the flames’, his address being given as 77 Denby Dale Road, Wakefield (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MENEZES, Pascoal LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the War at the Royal Indian Marine Dockyard, Bombay’. MENZIES, James LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of a serious explosion’. MEPHAM, Arthur George, M/20088 Cpl (A/Sgt), Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘During an ambush on a convoy of several lorries, the Crown Forces sustained heavy casualties and were forced to leave their lorries and retire on a small farm. Sergeant Mepham seeing the officer in charge of the convoy and several others lying wounded in exposed positions, made his way back to the lorries and drove off one in which he took all the wounded to a place of safety’. Mepham received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). MEREDITH, William LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in saving the life of a fellow workman who had been rendered unconscious by foul gas’. MERRALLS, Annie Dyer, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/218 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that Merralls worked at Dover and is dated 14 February 1918, perhaps the date of the presentation. MERRIFIELD, Christopher, 59,572 Pensioner Writer, RN LG (16 September 1919, p.11579): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was to be issued to Merrifield by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 30 April 1920, but was returned on 18 May 1920 and subsequently reissued through the C-in-C at Plymouth on 20 July 1920 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). See also ADM 188/37. 199 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MESSITER, Florence Ethel LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For self-sacrifice and high example in continuing at her work in a filling factory after her health was seriously impaired by her work there’. METCALFE, E F, 225003 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MEYN, Ernest Leopold, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Hughes Fields, Deptford, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. MIDDLETON, Mrs Gertrude, Assistant Mistress (Infants’ Department) LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed very conspicuous courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when a bomb burst in the classroom in which she was teaching’. The Daily Mirror noted the award and published a small photograph of Middleton (14 June 1918, p.1 and 2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/219 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that on 13 June 1917 there was an air-raid and a bomb struck the Upper North Street School, in Poplar E, bursting in Mrs Middleton’s classroom, killing 18 children. ‘Although hurt herself, she rescued many children from the debris, continuing until a doctor forbade her from going in. He said she deserves the VC. Soon after the raid her health began to fail’. Her address is noted as: 106 Essendine Mansions, Maida Vale, W9. MILDREN, G LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage in performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On occasions of serious leakage of C.G. at the joints of the C.G. tanks [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead] in order to assure the continuation of shell charging, these men in grave danger have performed most excellent actions. Their behavior on all occasions of danger has been most praiseworthy’, his address being given as Regent Road, Widnes (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MILLER, Jean Mitchell, 77 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/220 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that she served in France from 12 April 1917 to 23 April 1919 and that the medal was bestowed on 3 June 1919. MILLER, Robert LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in saving the life of a fellow worker who was overcome by poisonous fumes, at great personal risk’. MILLS, Emily, 9323 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at H Brigade Officer Cadet battalion at Bushy (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 200 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MILLS, Ethel, 8311 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.967): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France (TNA ref: WO372/23). PROVENANCE: A medal, very lightly inscribed in block capitals ‘F.W. E.MILLS. 8311. QMAAC’, is known to exist in a private collection. MILLS, Myra Edith Annie, 2128 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/221. MILLS, Rose LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage displayed on the occasion of an explosion, at great personal risk’. MILNE, John Donaldson, Inspector, Engineering Dept LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage, devotion to duty, and high example under circumstances of danger’. MILTON, Ethel, 16837 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Milton enrolled in the QMAAC in December 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Oswestry, a more specific draft noting she: ‘Has done excellent work, exercised a very good influence on the women working under her, and has carried on most satisfactorily under very difficult conditions’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/223 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Ethel Mitton’). MIRANDA, Isaac, L 2/2631 Able Seaman, RNVR LG (17 October 1919, p.12779): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal, awarded for services whilst a prisoner-of-war, was issued to Miranda by the CO of the Irish Sea Area on 19 May 1920 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914-15 Star trio (TNA ref: ADM 171/127). MITCHELL, G LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire which resulted in a very serious explosion’. MITCHELL, George Edgar LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and high example on several occasions of explosion and fire in a shell filling factory’. MITCHELL, Ivy LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of an accident at an iron works’. MITCHELL, Lilian, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/222 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The latter also notes on the reverse that Mitchell worked at Middlesborough Post Office. 201 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MOGHE, Narayan Balwant, Sub-Asst. Surgeon, Gwalior State Medical Service, attached to the Hospital Ship Loyalty, Gwalior State Forces LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in India, in connection with the War’. This award was to be dated 3 June 1919. MOLLOCH, Francis John. See Francis John MALLOCH. MONCRIEFF, Reginald LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion of a fire and explosion at an explosives factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MONKS, John Joseph Christopher, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘On many occasions continued his work under fire, displaying great zeal and courage’. Monks, from 36 Lower Clanbrassil Street, Dublin, received his medal from the Earl of Meath, who presented this and other medals on behalf of George V, at a ceremony at the Armoury Hall, Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, Dublin, on Saturday 6 April 1918 (Weekly Irish Times, Saturday 13 April 1918, p.3). MOODY, Margaret, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. MOORE, Mrs Agnes, 43596 Head Patrol, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Moore enrolled in the QMAAC on 3 August 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Connaught Club, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for excellent performance of arduous, responsible and varied duties. A most reliable, steady and devoted member, who has done extremely valuable work’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MOORE, Athol Raymond, Dr LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion in rescue work on the occasion of a Zeppelin raid’. The award was for gallant rescue work following the raid on 19 October 1917, with other BEMs being granted to Dr Ernest James Berkley and Richard White, and an Albert Medal being awarded to Frederick Wright for the same events (TNA ref: HO 180/6). MOORE, Herbert Edward, Labourer, Army Ordnance Department LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage in working on a blazing bomb stack on the occasion of a fire at an Army Ordnance Depot’. Moore received his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, Lord Leconfield, at Brighton on 8 May 1919. Nellie Payne received her medal at the same ceremony for her involvement with this incident (The Times, 9 May 1919, p.10). MOORE, James Crispen, 141,188 Petty Officer (now Chief Officer), HM Coastguard (New Force) LG (23 November 1920, p.11338): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in Ireland’. In the same gazette Divisional Chief Officer Andrew Bishop Reynolds (1870-), HM Coastguard, was awarded the MBE. The latter was based at Castletown Berehaven as ‘Asst KHM & Coaling Offr’ from 7 June 1917 (ADM 188/186). Both awards relate to services in Ireland, probably for actions during the Irish War of Independence when many coastguard stations were attacked, arms stolen and the buildings burned: Castletownbere Coastguard Station was one of those attacked on 25 July 1920, though was successfully defended, four IRA men being wounded. Moore (1871-) was based at Brow Head from 24 August 1919, then moving to Castletown on 6 January 1920 and moved from there to Lyme Regis on 19 August 1920 when promoted to CO. His BEM was awarded: ‘in connection with a raid on Castletown CG Station appreciated by Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty NL 14415 of 20 Aug 1920’ (TNA ref: ADM 175/83B). The BEM was issued to Moore by the Coastguard Captain of Portsmouth Area on 4 July 1921 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the British War Medal (TNA ref: ADM 171/110). 202 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MOORE, John Thomas, Fireman, Grimsby Volunteer Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. See also the entry for Zacry Woods (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Moore, who lived at 11 Willow Cottages, Grimsby, was unable to be present at the award ceremony. In his stead, his wife attended the event held on 23 December 1920 at Yarborough Hotel, Grimsby, and received the medal from Lord Yarborough. PROVENANCE: Moore’s medals, consisting of his BEM, BWM and Victory Medal (221391 Spr. J T Moore. RE), Bronze Fire Brigade Service medal (engraved Fireman J T Moore GFB November 1919, the rim marked 6199), with two bars - 5 years and 10 years, Fire Brigade medal in silver (cased) (named ‘3899 John T Moore’) with three bars - 20 years, 5 years and 5 years, and a selection of original documentation, were sold by Mark Austick on ebay on 28 September 2010 for £567.37. MORGAN, Bessie, 12986 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 5th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment, at Chatham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MORGAN, David George LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and high example in picking up and drowning a shell which had become accidentally ignited’. MORGAN, Gwendoline, 506 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/224 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Morgan crossed to France in May 1917 and worked as a clerk in the supply office of No. 3, BSD, at Boulogne, remaining in the same office until discharged in March 1919. MORGAN, Mahmud, 345 Nafar, No.3 Co., Egyptian Camel Corps. (Frontier Districts Administration, Egyptian Army) (unit details amended LG, 31 March 1920, p.4000) LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for Egypt, was to be dated 3 June 1919. The BEM (Military Division) was forwarded to the Foreign Office in March 1920 for presentation. Morgan received his award from Lord Allenby at 5.30pm on 29 July 1920 at The Residency, Ramleh (TNA ref: FO 372/1503/T3224 and FO 372/1517/T9619). MORGAN, William LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and resource in assisting to extinguish a fire at a filling factory, at imminent risk of serious explosion’. MORLEY, Rose Esther, 2685 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. MORPHET, Nora LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and high example in continuously working long hours in a poisonous atmosphere which habitually affected her health’. The Daily Mirror published a picture of Morphet receiving her award from the Earl of Lonsdale on 1 May 1918 at Carlisle, under the headline ‘Gretna girl heroines’ (3 May 1918, p.1; see also The Times, 2 May 1918, p.3). 203 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MORRIS, Florence Jessie, 5441 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the RE Depot at Chatham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MORRIS, Frederick Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. MORRIS, Thomas C LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although suffering from severe injuries’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Works Manager. Owing to this man’s energy and cool judgement [at Messrs Sneyd Bycars & Co, Ltd, Burslem], the supply of P.S. was effected at an early date. In spite of the severe injuries he carried on’; his address being given as Woodland Avenue, High Lane, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MORRIS, Wilfred E LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous service in performing highly dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MORRIS, William, Chief Inspector, B Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘These two men went out in a car owned and driven by Sergeant Blanch on the occasion of every air raid that took place in London during the War. The car after the first three raids were lighted with a “Take cover” notice and afterwards this was changed to “All Clear”. The car was hit 3 or 4 times by shrapnel and on one occasion C.I. Morris had his cap blown off. The car was on two other occasions blown off the road by concussion of a shell. The car was also twice repaired under fire, and was also struck by a fall of coping stones. I would strongly urge the claims of these two special constables as their conduct was most sacrificing and praiseworthy; in fact the advent of the car was looked to by the inhabitants of this large division as a timely warning of danger and an omen of relief when the danger was past’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MORRISH, Charles LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For great courage and resource. His prompt action prevented a very serious explosion at an explosives factory in Canada’. MORRISON, J S, Corporal LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion and serious fire in which, although severely injured, he continued to carry on his duties and save important experimental plant’. The original recommendation for the award from HM Factory at Sutton Oak states: ‘Corp[ora]l Morrison entered on his duties on the Experimental D.A. Poison Gas Plant at 4pm [on 14 September 1916]. An explosion and fire took place a few hours later which severely injured Morrison and he was subsequently removed in an ambulance to the local Hospital. While in this injured state he did all he could to extinguish the fire and his presence of mind undoubtedly saved the Experimental Plant from further damage by fire. He reported for fresh duty before he was cleared by the Doctor’s Certificate and on other occasions materially helped by similar acts to protect the large plant at considerable personal danger’; while his address is noted as ‘Clevelands’, Higher Crumpsall, Manchester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). PROVENANCE: A BEM, engraved ‘J.S. Morrison’, together with Home Office letter of notification dated 5 July 1920, was part of the R J Scarlett collection sold at Spink, 27 April 1999, lot 658, GVF. 204 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MORRISON, Maggie, 15443 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the School of Musketry at Strensall (TNA ref: WO 162/65). MORRISON, Robert, Farmer and Coastwatcher LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘For courage in rescuing a man who had been cast ashore from a torpedoed vessel and who had crawled into a dangerous position on the rocks’. MORRISROE, Catherine, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6897): ‘Remained at her post until relieved on the occasion of a very serious explosion at munition works, although the explosions were almost continuous and the police advised the officers on duty to leave the building’. The Daily Mirror noted the award (14 June 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/225 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Morrisroe was based at the Low Moor Exchange and notes the date 21 August 1916, the date of the Low Moor explosion (see also Blackwell [1986] and www. bradfordhistorical.org.uk/antiquary/third/vol03/lowmoor.html). MORTON, P LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage in performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On occasions of serious leakage of C.G. at the joints of the C.G. tanks [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead] in order to assure the continuation of shell charging, these men in grave danger have performed most excellent actions. Their behaviour on all occasions of danger has been most praiseworthy’, his address being given as 36 Cross Street, Widnes (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MOSCROP, Thomas, Foreman LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage and promptitude in extinguishing a serious fire, and thereby preventing a disastrous explosion in a shell-filling factory’. MOSS, Harry LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For courage while employed on specially dangerous work’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chief Shunter. This man did excellent work in the handling of H.S. [at HM Factory at Avonmouth] and on several occasions he had to contend with considerable leakage of H.S.’; his address being given as 2 Brunswick Street, Redfield, Bristol (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MOULD, Bessie, 12245 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Bristol (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/226 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Betty Mould’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Mould served at the QMAAC Bristol Depot Hostel from 22 November 1917 to 23 January 1919, moving then to the HQ Southern Command at Salisbury on 24 January 1919, where she remained until 12 December 1919. MOULTON, Matthews Henry LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. MOUNTSTEPHEN, Mabelle, 4481 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s 205 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/227 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Mabelle Mounstephen’, the spelling – with only one ‘t’ – being emphasised as correct by the recipient in an annotation on the reverse of the photograph). MOXON, George LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For great courage and resource on the occasion of fire in an explosives factory’. MOYES, Margaret, 12666 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. MUHAMMAD, Nasir. See: NAZIR, Muhammad. MUHAMMAD, Zair Husain Bin, Dubash, RIMS Lawrence, Baghdad LG (24 January 1922, p.627): ‘For services in Mesopotamia’. Award to be dated 1 January 1921. The original recommendation noted that: ‘Zair Hussain Bin Mohammed [sic] has worked faithfully and well as dubash of RIMS Lawrence for more than twenty years and has been highly recommended by commander of the vessel’ (IOR ref: L/PS/15/56, file H28/1922). MULHOLLAND, Maggie LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and very high example in her behaviour when in charge of a canteen adjoining a store of explosives which was on fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Mulholland (who was noted as being from Lewisham) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). MULHOLLAND, William, 65160 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Mulholland was born in Limerick on 20 May 1891 and was appointed to the RIC on 17 January 1910. He was posted as a Constable to Galway (WR) on 15 May 1912, Meath on 8 April 1921, the Deport on 1 March 1922 and Dublin Castle on 1 April 1922. Mulholland was discharged on 28 July 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/34). MULLEY, Ernest, Fitter and Turner LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For devotion to duty and resourceful conduct’. MUNDAY, Gideon Rock, ON L.2/1068 CPO, RNVR LG (15 February 1919, p.2357): ‘For valuable services whilst prisoners of war in Germany in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The BEM was presented to Munday on 17 April 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). Also granted the 1914 Star and bar trio and the Royal Naval Reserve LS&GC Medal (GV) (TNA ref: ADM 171/128 and ADM 171/71). MUNDAY, Harriet, 4497 Asst Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Joining the Women’s Legion in June 1917, Munday transferred to the QMAAC in September that year. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at St John’s Wood, a more specific draft noting she: ‘Has always done most conscientious work: it has never been found possible to promote her but she has performed her superordinate duties, for a long time, in a most praiseworthy way (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/228 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). 206 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MUNNOCH, P, 321748 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MURDOCH, A LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. MURDOCH, James, Chief Engineer LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For great courage and self-sacrifice on the occasion of an explosion, and fire at an explosives factory, entering the burning building and extricating the workers at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Langwith, near Mansfield, states: ‘…behaved very gallantly at the explosion on 20 March 1918 and entered the burning building at about the same time as Inspector [J T] Brady. It is stated that Mr [J G] Kirk went in first, but it is a little bit difficult to reconcile the statements on these points. There is no question that the three officials above mentioned took a serious risk and their heroism deserves recognition’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). MURDOCH, Peter, 4380038 Pte, The Green Howards LG (17 June 1921, p.4887): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. Awarded for services in Ireland. Murdoch was unable to attend the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, by the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, on 12 July 1921, and was instead informally presented with his medal on 28 September that year (TNA ref: WO 35/181). MURRAY, Gilbert LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion, of a fire and explosion at an explosives factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). MURRISON, Charles, M/20099 L/Cpl, Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. Awarded for services in Ireland. Murrison missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921. He also missed the subsequent one there on 14 January 1922, having been discharged; his permanent address at the time was noted as c/o D R Neal, 10 Antigua Street, Edinburgh (TNA ref: WO 35/181). MUSKETT, Miss Kathleen LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in returning to her work after losing the sight of her right eye and her right arm in an explosion at a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). The Daily Mirror noted the award (8 July 1918, p.2). MYATT, Fred, S/20020 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. MYERS, George LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. 207 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE N NAAR, Abraham, Sorter LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘Devotion to duty under specially difficult and dangerous circumstances’. NADIN, Thomas, Engineer of Yard Craft, Sheerness Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage, self-sacrifice and exceptional skill in the salvage of a merchant ship in a minefield’. NAIRNE, Albert Frederick, Coachman, Barnsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). NATH, Manik Chandra LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. NAZIR, Muhammad, Munshi LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with recruiting for the Indian Army’. NEAL, Arthur John LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in a serious accident due to bursting of crucible of melted metal. Though, severely injured, he kept the others calm and had them attended to first, though they were in less danger’. NELMS, Thomas William, Stoker LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage in connection with submarine cable work in dangerous waters’. NELSON, Joan LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in continuing to work in an explosives factory, under circumstances of grave danger’. Nelson received her award from the Earl of Lonsdale on 1 May 1918 at Carlisle, the Daily Mirror publishing a picture of the ceremony under the headline ‘Gretna girl heroines’ and noting that the award was for ‘continuing to work in an explosives factory after an explosion had occurred without regard for the danger of her situation’ (3 May 1918, p.1; see also The Times, 2 May 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/230 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes the award was ‘…for courage during an explosion at a munitions factory where she was engaged as presswoman, when she turned off some of the presses left by other girls, thus avoiding a further explosion and loss of life’ and quotes the date 16 April 1918, perhaps the date of the presentation. NERRINCK Cyrille LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and presence of mind in helping to subdue a fire under circumstances of great danger’. NETHERCOAT, James Lewis, Fireman, Sheerness Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7309): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft, and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Tom Askew (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 208 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 NEVILLE, Arthur John, Chief Inspector, K Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This officer was in charge of the S/Cs on the High Point at Bow (Bryant & Mays). The duty he did there was of very great service; the point was manned day and night. Chief Inspector Neville took a heavy share of the duties and could nearly always be found at his post. He handled his men most tactfully and with them was of great help in reporting the movements of Enemy Aircraft. He was highly commended for the way he carried through all the duties, many times at great personal risk. Chief Inspector Neville with his men took his share of the duties required of the Division by the Police during the Silvertown Explosion and was in positions of danger more than once with so much TNT lying about where he was posted. Chief Inspector Neville has put in over twelve hundred duties’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). NEWCOMEN, George A LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Newcomen receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). NEWELL, Kathleen, 37927 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Bristol (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/231 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). NEWHOUSE, William Edward, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). NEWMAN, F LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Daily Mirror (14 May 1918, p.1) published a small picture of him (described as ‘A E Newman’), possibly taken when the Duke of Wellington was presenting BEMs at Portsmouth Town Hall in May 1918. The caption noted his award was ‘for devotion in executing repairs in the Grand Fleet during action’. NEWMAN, Reginald Arthur, M/20508 Private (Acting Lance-Corporal), Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) lists this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. NEWSON, George William LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in fighting a fire caused by an explosion, at very great personal risk’. NEWTON, Olive LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and resource in attempting to rescue a fellow-worker on the occasion of an explosion at a filling factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/232 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Newton was aged 19 when presented with the medal on 18 October 1918 and that the award was ‘for rescue work in an 209 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE explosive factory in March of last year, having been employed in the Roskear Filling Factory for nearly 3 years. My work in the factory was to load delay cups with powder, pressing the powder into pellets in a press on which I worked. I have been in three explosions and I got severely burnt myself in one of them. After each of the explosions I went back to work again on the same press’. NEWTON, Violet LG (8 January 1918, p.477): ‘For courage in returning to work after a serious accident in which two workers were killed, and she was severely injured’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/233 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Violet A F Newton’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Newton was presented with her Medal on 29 April 1918 and notes her address as 85 Waterloo Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex. NEWTON, William Morley, Chargeman of Engine Fitters LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For devotion to duty and presence of mind in trying circumstances’. NICHOLLS, Dorothy LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on two occasions when explosions occurred at a filling factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/234 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes the award was ‘for courage and devotion to duty on two occasions when explosions occurred in a shell filling factory 15 July and 26 July 1918’ and notes her home address as 4 Queens Road, Guernsey. NICHOLLS, Miss Ethel Mabel LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For courage and devotion to duty under very trying conditions in a Filling Factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). NICHOLLS, George Henry, 2nd Class Man, London Salvage Corps LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Robert William Dobbin (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). NIGHTINGALE, W, 196020 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). NIHAL LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. NIMMO, Robina Weir, 18547 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the 3rd HLI, at Haddington (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/235 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). NISBET, Muriel Elsie, 1197 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. 210 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 NOLANFERRALL, John Cecil LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘During a period in which he acted as ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Nolan-Ferrall receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). NORRIS, G R LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in remaining at his work during a fire which resulted in a very serious explosion, from which he suffered bodily injuries’. NORRIS, Harold LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on work for the Australian Comforts Fund in forward areas with the Army, in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For long and continuous good service with the Australian Comforts Fund. In 1916 Mr Norris was Assistant to the Comforts Fund Commissioner in Cairo, Egypt. At Menin Road on 20 September 1917, when the Comforts Fund shed was destroyed by an Aerial bomb he, at great personal risk, succeeded in carrying off all the wounded to an RAP and under continuous artillery fire succeeded with assistance in re-building the Comforts Shed. From November 1917 to March 1918 at Armentieres, La Bizet, Hyde Park Corner, Racine Dump and Ploegsteert Wood, Mr Norris rendered continuous good service in supplying of comforts to the troops. He was present at Bailleul at the time of the enemy advance and showed considerable initiative and resource, in face of great personal danger. He succeeded in destroying the comforts stores in Bailleul to prevent them falling into the hands of the enemy who had taken possession of the outskirts of the town. From January 1917 to January 1919, Mr Norris has controlled the distribution of comforts from the forward depots to five Australian Divisions, in addition to the supervision of Comforts to 2nd Australian Division. His untiring energy and self-sacrifice have been the means of maintaining a continuous supply of comforts to the troops’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). NORTH, Alfred Herbert, Caretaker of Urban District Council and Education Offices LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Displayed great courage in attending to persons wounded on the occasion of an attack by enemy aircraft. He rendered first aid in the midst of gas escaping from a burning main, and worked continuously for 72 hours’. NUTT, George, Boiler Attendant, Power House LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Remained on duty the whole time during a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory, in spite of great danger’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory, during which Nutt was one: ‘of the very few men who remained on duty the whole night. They stuck to their job of working down the steam pressure and of drawing the fires from the boilers. They did not leave the factory until after 8am’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). NUTTING, Alfred James, 550014 Sergeant (Acting CSM), London Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. The DNW catalogue of 26 March 2009 further notes the following: ‘Alfred James Nutting was from Merstham, Surrey, and by profession a director of an old family business, the seed merchants Nutting and Sons Ltd. But he was also a keen Volunteer and Territorial, originally having joined the 13th (Queen’s) Middlesex Rifle Volunteers at Buckingham Gate in London several years before the Great War. Awarded the Territorial Force Efficiency Medal shortly before the outbreak of hostilities (AO 216 of July 1914 refers), he went out to France as a Sergeant with the 16th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Queen’s Westminster Rifles) in November of that year, where, no doubt, he witnessed events of the famous Christmas Truce - gifts were exchanged in No Man’s Land and one of the German officers encountered by the Battalion was originally from Catford. Remaining actively employed on the Western Front, Nutting was to be decorated on three occasions, namely with the Army Meritorious Service Medal ‘...in 211 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE recognition of valuable services rendered during the present War’ (London Gazette 18 October 1916 refers), the Royal Victorian Medal in silver, on the occasion of George V’s visit to the Army in the Field in July 1917, and the Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division)… Returning to his family firm after the War, of which he rose to be Chairman of the Board, Nutting was appointed as the Horticultural Trade Association’s representative to the Ministry of Agriculture on the renewal of hostilities, but following the complete destruction of his business premises in Southwark Street, London in 1942, his health declined. He died in Redhill, Surrey in July 1946’. PROVENANCE: Nutting’s medals, consisting of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division), unnamed as issued, 1914 Star (161 Sgt. A. J. Nutting, 1/16 Lond. R.), British War and Victory Medals (161 A.W.O. Cl. 2 A. J. Nutting, 16-Lond. R.), Army Meritorious Service Medal, GVR (161 Sgt. A. J. Nutting, 1/16 Lond. R.), Territorial Force Efficiency Medal, GVR, named to another recipient ‘562118 Spr.-A.S. Sgt. E. Paine, R.E.’; Royal Victorian Medal, GVR, silver, mounted court-style with new ribands but on original wearing bar, together with related Queen’s Westminster Rifles prize medals 1909-12 (4), two in gold and two in bronze, all named, dated and in fitted cases of issue, and a silver prize award from the Metropolitan Territorial School of Arms Association, 1912, this also in fitted case, were sold at DNW 26 March 2009, lot 225, GVF, £980 (hammer price). 212 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 O OAKEY, Arthur William, T/21063 Sgt (T/S/S-M), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. PROVENANCE: Oakey’s medal, the private engraving apparently reading: ‘T/924 S.S.M. A. W. Oakley R.A.S.C.’, was sold by Gorringes, 2004. O’BRIEN, Denis LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage and resource in helping to extinguish a fire at a munitions factory at great personal risk’. O’BRIEN, Edward LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, O’Brien receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). O’CALLAGHAN, James Joseph LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in extinguishing a fire on the wooden roof of part of a filling factory, under exceptionally dangerous circumstances’. O’CALLAGHAN, Nellie, 9097 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Command Depot at Shoreham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, under her married name ‘’Mrs N McAlister’, under reference DEC 6/205. O’CONNELL FITZSIMON, Henry, Commandant, VAD LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in circumstances of serious danger’. According to the Irish Times the award was ‘for conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in circumstances of serious danger’ (presumably during the 1916 Rising) and O’Connell Fitzsimon received it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (7 April 1919, p.4). ODDY, John Samuel, Turncock, Metropolitan Water Board LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘During an Air Raid on 25 August 1916, bombs were dropped by enemy aircraft on certain premises in Plumstead and Woolwich areas, and Oddy, who accompanied the firemen on the fire engine to the scene of the occurrence, worked equally with them in the work of rescue, notwithstanding the danger involved, he being instrumental in rescuing six persons from Nos 1, 3 and 5 Bostal Hill, Plumstead. Turncock Oddy was presented with a Certificate of Commendation by the London Fire Brigade as a recognition of the service rendered by him’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). O’DONNELL, Albert James Etherington, Telegraphist LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. 213 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ODY, Robert LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and resource in preventing an explosion and fire at grave personal risk’. OFFORD, Robert Samuel, Station Officer, Edmonton Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Serious fire at the Edmonton Munition Company, Edmonton on 11 October 1918: Two men of the Southgate Fire Brigade were killed. Superintendent Croasdell has been awarded the King’s Police Medal in connection with this fire. This explosion was also attended by the Southgate, Tottenham, Wood Green and Hornsey Brigades. There is some controversy between the Southgate and Wood Green Brigades as to the services actually rendered by the latter Brigade. In his report Superintendent Croasdell states that Wood Green were unable to get their pump to work. I have seen Superintendent Croasdell of Edmonton who was in charge of the operations at this fire and he tells me that Wood Green could not get their pump to work and although they assisted the other Brigades present they did not incur any risk. The fire was chiefly fought by the Edmonton and Southgate Brigades’, a further recommendation adding that: ‘the behaviour of the firemen present was very brave considering the great danger there was of a mine exploding at any moment’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Award also to Fireman Alfred Theophilus Sheppard. OGILVIE, C LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Ogilvie (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). O’HANDON, F, 69049 Sergeant LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). O’KEEFE, Percy LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire in an explosives factory, and removing explosives from the burning building’. OLIVER, James Beattie, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at South Vale, Blackheath, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. OLIVER, S, Second Officer, Ealing Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for J H Gravener (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ORCHARD, Caroline Florence, 35057 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Orchard enrolled in the QMAAC in March 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Regent’s Park, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member’s work has been consistently good and her loyal cooperation unfailing. By her courage and cheerfulness, she averted a panic among other workers during an exceptionally bad air-raid’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/236. The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Orchard was awarded her medal on 6 February 1920. 214 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ORMEROD, John, S4/144598 S/Sgt (A/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. ORRELL, W W, 288918 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). OSMOND, F LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. O’SULLIVAN, Cornelius, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Three men of this name served in the RIC during the period of this award: warrant numbers 60609, 62209, and 62301 (TNA refs: HO 184/31-2). PROVENANCE: O’Sullivan’s medal (unnamed), in its case of issue, is known to exist in a private UK collection (2011). OUGHAM, Mrs Eliza Jane, Caretaker Operator, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/237. The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Ougham was presented with her medal on 28 May 1919. OWEN, Edward Henry Lewis, Cable Hand, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. OWEN, Kate, 5412 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Residential Quarters, Nottingham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). OWENS, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For services rendered to the cause of the Allies’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied Belgium during 1916 and 1917’ and notes he was part of the Military Intelligence Service attached to the British Army. His address is recorded as 530 Alexandra Park Road, Wood Green, London, N22. Owens also received the British War Medal for his services (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323 and WO 106/6192). OXLEY, Horace Finningley LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although his health had been affected’. The original recommendation, which was for the OBE, described Oxley as the Head of H.S. Research Laboratory, Crumpsall Vale Chemical Works, Blackley, Manchester, and states: ‘All these men were engaged on work of urgent national importance, but eagerly volunteered for work on H.S. when the opportunity was afforded them by our firm, solely out of patriotic motives. They have received no additional financial remuneration…Oxley, acting under the direction of Professor [Arthur George] Green, has shown considerable initiative and extraordinary devotion to duty. Mr Oxley was largely responsible for the equipment of the H.S. laboratory. The apparatus used both for the production of ethylene and H.S. on the small scale being largely suggested by him. This apparatus proved the basis for the large scale plants. Mr Oxley suffered severely from the effects of Mustard Gas before its action was understood. He returned to duty at the earliest possible moment and has consistently shown remarkable courage and sang-froid in handling this dangerous 215 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE substance’, while a further abbreviated recommendation stated: ‘Mr Oxley showed great devotion to duty during the experimental stage of H.S. and although suffering from the effects of this gas, he returned to duty as soon as possible. Has consistently shown remarkable courage in his work’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). 216 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 P PACKER, C, 183555 Acting Regimental Sergeant-Major LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PAINE, Roland Basset LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage displayed on the occasion of a severe accident resulting in serious mutilation of his hand. He insisted on returning to his dangerous occupation as soon as bandages were removed’. Payne (who was from Hayes) received his medal from the Duke of Bedford at Middlesex Guildhall on Monday 29 April 1918 (The Times, 30 April 1918, p.3). PALMER, Albert Victor, 26775 Farr/QMS (India) Indian Veterinary Corps LG (20 October 1920, p.10166): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations of the Waziristan Force on the North West Frontier, India’. PALMER, John Edward, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PALMER, Nellie Ena Ann, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/238 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). PARK, Charles, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty entailing work of a trying character’. PARK, E, 458291 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PARKER, Charles, Skilled Labourer, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For self-sacrifice and distinguished conduct whilst engaged on salvage operations’. PARKER, Frederick Ives, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. PARKER, William LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage (1) in helping to extinguish a fire in a tar works contiguous to filling factory at great personal risk; (2) in attempting to rescue a surveyor and workman gassed in a sewer, at great risk to his life’. 217 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE PARKES, William, Foreman Shipwright and Dock Master LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For self-sacrifice in continuing to perform his duties under trying circumstances, and despite his age (71)’. PARKINSON, George LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and resource in preventing a serious explosion at an explosives factory’. PARNELL, Edward, Fitter LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For meritorious service overseas in carrying out torpedo work under trying conditions’. PARRIS, Norman Alfred Thomas LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage and presence of mind in voluntarily remaining in a burning laboratory in order to help three women to escape’. PARROTT, Edith Isabella, 1035 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Parrott enrolled on 28 April 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at The Hall at Bushy, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member did excellent work in connection with the opening of the Depot Hostel (L.D.). She has risen to every emergency, and has set a splendid example of loyal and devoted service’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). PARTRIDGE, Arthur William, 6908998 Pte, The Rifle Brigade LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘On 15 April 1921 a bomb was thrown into a lorry containing a party of which Rifleman Partridge was a member. He at once seized the bomb and threw it out of the lorry where it immediately exploded’. Partridge was unable to attend the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, by the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, on 12 July 1921, and was instead informally presented with his medal on 21 July that year (TNA ref: WO 35/181). PARTRIDGE, George Henry LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For great courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory’. PASCOE, Gladys Ellen, 5414 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). PASHLEY, George, Founder LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For distinguished service in the skilful performance of important work, despite his age (sixty-seven)’. PASSFIELD, Mrs Kathleen Hamilton LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For great courage in continuously exposing herself to serious personal risk in the course of manufacture of munitions of a peculiarly dangerous character’. PATERSON, George LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion of a fire and explosion at an Explosives Factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 218 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 PATERSON, John William, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PATES, Ella Florence, 6518 Asst. Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at Bostall Heath Camp (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/239. PATTERSON, Angus McKay LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and high example at a fire in a filling factory. Though suffering from burns, he rendered important assistance to several women who were in great danger’. PATTERSON, Frederick, M/23283 Pte, Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘On 8 October 1920 Private Patterson was the driver of a lorry attacked by armed men. Dismounting from his lorry, he made his way through a hostile crowd for assistance and subsequently carried two wounded men to safety. He then returned to the lorry and assisted in its defence’. Pattison received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921. He applied for and was subsequently issued with a duplicate BEM, BWM and VM in 1926 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; Medal Index Card). PAWAR, Madho Rao LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. PAYNE, Abner, Fireman, Romford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Samuel Davis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PAYNE, Frederick LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in dealing with a fire caused by an explosion, under exceptionally dangerous circumstances’. PAYNE, Nellie, Female Worker (Army Ordnance Department) LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘Displayed great courage in helping to extinguish a burning bomb stack in an Army Ordnance Depot’. Payne (who was from Newhaven) received her award from the Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, Lord Leconfield, at Brighton on 8 May 1919. Herbert Edward Moore received his medal at the same ceremony for his involvement with this incident (The Times, 9 May 1919, p.10). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/241 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Payne worked at the RAO Depot at South Keighton, Newhaven; that she had ‘displayed great courage in helping to extinguish a burning [illegible] in an Army Ordnance Depot’ and that she received the award following having been ‘selected by lot’. PEARSON, Agnes, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘On the occasion of a very serious explosion at munition works she remained at her post until relieved, notwithstanding the fact that the explosions were almost continuous and that the police advised the officers on duty to leave the building’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial 219 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/242 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph notes the date of the explosion as 21 August 1916, which was the date of the Low Moor explosion (see also Blackwell [1986]). PEARSON, Alfred, ex-Inspector, H Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘During the air raids of 4 and 24 September 1917 and 7 March 1918 whilst in command of a small squad of Special Constables at the air raid shelter under the Midland and Tilbury Railway Depot in Commercial Road, E, estimated to accommodate 20,000 persons, ex-Inspector Pearson by coolness and prompt actions averted serious panics which might have been attended with disastrous consequences particularly on 4 September 1917; during the above periods there were 2 deaths and several maternity cases at the shelter. Enrolled in August 1914 and was automatically released from his engagement on 1 November 1919. Warrant Card No. 004256’; his address being noted as 12 Morrison Buildings, Commercial Road, E1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PECK, W LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Peck receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). PEEL, L LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For great courage in performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On occasions of serious leakage of C.G. at the joints of the C.G. tanks [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead] in order to assure the continuation of shell charging, these men in grave danger have performed most excellent actions. Their behaviour on all occasions of danger has been most praiseworthy’, his address being given as 10 Wood Street, Widnes (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). PEEL, Mary Elizabeth, 7863 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Moor Lane Camp (TNA ref: WO 162/65). PEETERS, Georgina LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a fellow-worker by stopping a machine at great risk to herself’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Peeters (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/244 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Georgine Peters’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Peeters was born in Liege, Belgium, on 27 January 1899 and worked as an Operator in Messrs Vickers Ltd factory at Crayford, where she ‘averted a most serious accident by her pluck and presence of mind on September 13th 1917’. PEMBERTON, John Charles, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 220 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 PENDRAY, Wilfred Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in recovering the plug of a cock under circumstances of grave danger’. PENDREIGH, Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an accident at a filling factory’. PEPPER, Frederick William LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For great courage in rescuing workers from burning explosives shops at great personal risk’. PERCIVAL, John S, Chief Constable and Superintendent, Wigan Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Fire at the High Explosive Mixing and Filling Sheds of the Robwrite Explosives Company, near Wigan, [on] 15 May 1916: The Police Brigade was the only one in attendance at the fire. On arriving at the scene they found No.1 Mixing Shed well alight. It was found impossible to get the motor pump on the works side of the canal and the machine was taken to the other side, and set to work a distance of 150 yards from the fire. Jones and Ainscough were within 40 yards of the shed running out a length of hose which had been thrown across the canal to them, when a terrific explosion occurred completely demolishing that shed, killing 6 men (1 soldier and 5 civilians) and wounding 50 others. Jones and Ainscough were covered with debris and Ainscough was slightly injured in the back. The explosion of this shed set fire to No.2 Mixing Shed and “Z” Filling Shed about 75 yards away. In close proximity to these sheds was a shed containing a number of loaded bombs as well as a large quantity of explosives. The work of extinguishing these fires was consequently attended with considerable risk’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards were also made to Ralph Ainscough, John Jones and Willie Rylance. PERCY, Robert Charles, Acting Inspector of Shipwrights (formerly Chargeman), Northern Base LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For devotion to duty in effecting repairs under dangerous conditions’. PERRETT, Miss Evelyn Olive, Section Leader (Steward), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Perrett by the C-in-C at Portsmouth on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/243. PERRING, Alfred Eli, 172,734 Petty Officer, RN LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For brave conduct in rescuing a seaman from a burning ship at great personal risk’. The Medal was presented to Perring aboard HMS Eclipse on 7 February 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). PERRITT, Blanche Flora, Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. PERRITT, Grace Priscilla, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. PETERS, Agnes Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For great courage and high example in continuing to do work of an exceptionally dangerous nature, which finally resulted in an accident, by which she was totally blinded and otherwise injured’. The award to Peters was noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2) and she was subsequently pictured being presented with the medal by the Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, Lord Leconfield, in May 1918 (Daily Mirror, 18 May 1918, p.1). A portrait photograph of this 221 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/245 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that the munition factory explosion in which she was injured occurred on 22 September 1917. PETTIT, George, Fireman, Chester Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Allan Price (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PETRIE, William, Inspector, Engineering Dept LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage, devotion to duty, and high example, under circumstances of danger’. PHILBRICK, Beatrice Sarah, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For devotion to duty and high example in a position of great responsibility’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/246 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Philbrick was based at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, and that she was also a member of the St John’s Ambulance Brigade. PHILLIPS, Kathleen, 13988 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Phillips enrolled in the QMAAC on 19 November 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the RGA, Portsmouth (TNA ref: WO 162/65). PHILLPOTT, Thomas Henry, Cable Hand LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage-in connection with submarine cable-work in dangerous waters’. PICKERING, John William LG (15 January 1919, p.806): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘This man [a 36-year-old Charge Hand Plumber] is highly recommended for the strenuous and untiring manner in which he worked during the construction of the ‘H.S.’ Gas Plant, and for the readiness with which he undertook the dangerous work when the production of gas took place. He showed a great loyalty by working hard, and exceptionally long hours at a time, during the plumber’s strike from 12 to 18 July. It was due to his efforts, with the help of three others, that the plant was kept working through this trying time. During this particular period he got badly burnt’; his address being given as 72 Freemantle Road, Eastville, Bristol (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). PICTON, A LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. PIGGOTT, Stanley Freeman, J.15784 (Po) Ldg Seaman, RN LG (4 February 1921, p.939): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered whilst Prisoners at Baku in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The Medal was presented to Piggott by the C-in-C of Portsmouth Area on 11 July 1921 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the 1914-15 Star trio and Navy LS&GC Medal, the latter in 1929 aboard HMS Vernon (TNA ref: ADM 171/112 and 149). PIKE, Agnes, 17142 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Having enrolled in the Women’s Legion on 26 May 1916, Pike transferred to the QMAAC on 16 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Weymouth (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/247 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). 222 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 PILGRIM, Walter Francis, Sergeant, N Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 7 July Pilgrim while engaged in his ordinary commercial pursuits was in the vicinity of Golden Lane, when it became evident that a serious daylight Air Raid on London was imminent. With the public flying in all directions for cover he at once put his armlet on and almost simultaneously a bomb fell. Recovering from a fall of glass and debris, he found a water main and gas main had been blown up and he inhaled a large quantity of gas which made him very sick. He next noticed a man lying prostrate and on fire and after examining him found him to be dead. He then went to another much mutilated man and worked on him till his hands were smothered in blood, wrist deep, meantime blowing his whistle for help as he was alone with dead and injured persons and horses. Help arrived, also ambulances and he assisted to remove bodies and casualties for an hour although very ill from the effects of gas and shock. On reaching home he collapsed and was placed under the care of the Divisional Surgeon. His nerves have never been right since’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PINKHAM, Mark Lewis, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PIPER, S J, 130122 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PLEMMONS, Frank LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of fires at an Explosives Factory in Canada’. PLEWIS, Joseph, Chief Officer, Gillingham Volunteer Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Devotion to duty during 71 hostile air raids and at times running great risks both from bombs and falling shrapnel. Present at the fire at the Royal Engineers Barracks on 15 December 1916; fire on 14 November 1917 caused by hostile aircraft when one man was killed; at the Naval Barracks on 3 September 1917; and at another fire on 24 June 1919 at a place where a large quantity of petrol was stored’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards also went to Bines and Ellender for these incidents. PLIMSTON, Charles, YMCA Worker LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion in carrying out his work under shell fire and during air raids’. PLOWMAN, James, ex-Inspector, Hull Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Conspicuous gallantry when attending a ship fire in Hull Docks in directing and assisting in the removal of live shells from the ship’s magazine when it was in grave danger of blowing up’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PLUME, Daniel LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage shown on the occasion of an explosion and at several minor fires, at great personal risk’. PLUMMER, Mrs Alice Elizabeth, Night Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. 223 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE PLUMMER, Walter, Skilled Labourer, Portsmouth Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and perseverance in the performance of his duties during an explosion’. PROVENANCE: Plummer’s medal, engraved ‘W. Plummer’ on the reverse, was sold at DNW, 28 July 1993, as part of lot 123, VF, 130; more recently, it was again sold at DNW on 17 September 2009, lot 946, minor edge bruising, NEF, £90 (hammer price). It currently forms part of the Alan Seldon collection (2011). POLL, Walter LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and high example in dealing with a serious fire at a gas works’. POOLE, Arthur, Postman LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For devotion to duty under especially difficult and dangerous circumstances’. POOLE, Frank, MM, 5998840 Sgt, Essex Regiment LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For perseverance and conspicuous skill under conditions of extreme difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘Sergeant Poole displayed great gallantry in leading a party of young soldiers in an action on 19 March 1921. He also made repeated attempts to bring in a wounded officer lying in an exposed position, under heavy fire’. His missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921, but subsequently received his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at an investiture there on 14 January 1922 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). POOLE, John Thomas, Master of Yard Craft, Chatham Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For perseverance and conspicuous skill under conditions of extreme difficulty and danger’. POOLE, Thomas Leonard LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For great courage on the occasion of an explosion at a Munition Works. He drew the fires and safeguarded the plant at imminent risk from falling debris’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). POOLE, William Roberts LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as c/o Mrs R M Poole, Near Gambier, South Australia (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). PORTER, Arthur, 217507 Pte (A/Sgt), Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. PORTER, Henry William John, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘Showed courage and devotion to duty during repeated air-raids. On one occasion he set to work on the restoration of naval circuits while explosions were taking place fifty yards away’. POTTER, Ellen Lenora LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and resource in extinguishing a fire, at great personal risk’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Potter (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/248 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Ellen Potter’). 224 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 POUND, James LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For self-sacrifice in working long hours in a highly poisonous atmosphere, where he was several times burnt by acid, and at times almost overcome by fumes’. POWELL, Arthur J, Fireman, Croydon Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. Powell is noted as serving as a fireman at the fire station at Thornton Heath. See also the entry for John W Dane (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PROVENANCE: Powell’s medal, privately engraved ‘Arthur J. Powell, 7.7.1920’, with his Association of Professional Fire Brigade Officers Long Service Medal, in silver, named ‘Fireman A. Powell, 1932’, was sold at DNW, 4 July 2001, lot 738, VF, £160. POWELL, Miss Emily LG (7 July 1920, p.7310): ‘For courage, high example and devotion to duty under very trying circumstances at an explosives factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). POWELL, Ernest LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. POWER, Thomas, 82474 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Power was born in Tipperary on 25 March 1890 and after serving in the army and working as a motor driver he was appointed to the RIC on 7 July 1921. He was posted as a Constable to Clare. No distinctions are noted on his record. He was discharged on 12 April 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/42). PRASADA, Jwala, Babu LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. PRATCHETT, Henry Morris, Superintendent, Watford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Attendance at a serious fire which occurred [on] 13 February 1917 at the High Explosive Factory Watford: on arrival at the fire they found a building used as a powder mixing room on fire. Superintendent Pratchett was informed that he must stop the fire from extending to the adjoining buildings at all costs. Superintendent Pratchett and his men, with Mr [Arthur Henry] Brace [Captain of the Watford Manufacturing Company Fire Brigade], acted with the utmost coolness and promptitude and they soon had the fire completely under control and extinguished, although the roof required considerable amount of cutting away. If the fire had extended it would have been most disastrous to the whole town. Superintendent Pratchett himself carried out the first case of TNT from the burning building and all the men got to work removing it assisted by the Munitions Works Brigade. The Committee report that there is no doubt that all the men faced an appalling disaster which was only averted by their own courage and devotion and the skill of Superintendent Pratchett’, while another version notes: ‘Attendance at a serious fire which occurred at the High Explosives Factory [at] Watford on 13 February 1917. Superintendent Pratchett with George Robinson, Daniel Fountain and Richard Wise were first on the scene. They were followed shortly afterwards by the other men. Superintendent Pratchett, assisted by Robinson, Fountain and Wise, carried the branch into the powder mixing room which was on fire and succeeded in sufficiently damping the material inside to prevent explosion’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards were also granted to George Robinson, Daniel Fountain and Richard Wise. 225 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE PRATER, William Francis, Engineer of Dredger, Portsmouth LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in descending to his engines and shutting off steam when his ship was in danger of capsizing as a result of enemy action’. PRATT, W E, 424102 Sapper LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). PRATTEN, Ethel, 7750 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Conway (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/249 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). PRECIOUS, G LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. PRENDERGAST, William Thomas (Assistant Principal Foreman, A.O.D., Woolwich) LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘Has shown exceptional devotion to duty, and rendered very valuable service on the occasion of a fire at Woolwich Arsenal’. PRESTON, Miss Eva, 615 Driver, MT Co, RASC, Women’s Legion LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. PRESTON, Ellen, 10199 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. PRETTEJOHNS, Lilla, 1079 Forewoman-Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/250 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss L Prettyjohns’). PRICE, Ada, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. PROVENANCE: A BEM (Civil Division), unnamed, together with Imperial Service Medal (EIIR) and BRCS War Service Medal 1914–1918, these with ribbon buckles, together with a GPO badge presented to telephonists who volunteered to stay at their posts during air raids, all EF or better, with research including a copied photograph, was in the Major A F Flatow collection and was sold by Spink, 25 November 1998, lot 1236. PRICE, Allan, Fireman, Chester Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the occasion of a fire on 13 June 1918, at the premises of the Naphthaline Product Co Ltd, Saltney, Nr Chester: in the absence of the Superintendent of the Fire Brigade and his Assistant, who were engaged on other work, Fireman Allan Price accompanied by Fireman George Pettit, turned out with the motor fire engine, no other fireman having put in an appearance, and proceeded to the scene of the fire where they found that it had broken out in the naphthaline producing plant and in a portion of the premises which was only divided from adjoining premises utilised as HM Stores by a dividing wall. Immediately on the other 226 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 side of the wall was stored a large quantity of highly inflammable liquid of exceptional value to HM Government. Fireman George Pettit, who was acting as Engineer, with the assistance of Fireman Allan Price, negotiated a very difficult embankment of the River Dee with the motor fire engine, so as to place it in a position where an adequate supply of water could be obtained. The position is one which at high tides is under water. The two men, with the assistance of such inexperienced help as could be obtained from the men employed at the works, then got the engine to work and got the fire under control. Both men showed admirable tact and initiative in the manipulation of the engine and the management of the inexperienced men, and by their action prevented a very serious disaster’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PRICE, Arthur Harold, S/Sgt (A/Sub Condr), Ind Misc List LG (9 September 1921, p.7195): ‘In recognition of valuable service rendered in connection with Military Operations in Mesopotamia’. PRICE, Charles John, Fireman, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works, and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 9 August 1917 Fireman Charles John Price, together with Assistant Supt D Hollingsworth, attended a fire at the Ajax Chemical Works, Barking, at which smoke bombs were being manufactured. After the water was turned on to the fire, they were informed that some women were missing and were probably on the first floor. Another line of hose was got to work in order that they might fight their way through the smoke, etc, and at this time (9 minutes after the East Ham Brigade arrived at the fire), the Barking Brigade arrived, when together with them, the above named men worked their way up to the first floor and found 11 bodies lying in a heap. Assistant Supt Hollingsworth and Fireman Price removed 9 of the bodies, which were then removed to Barking Mortuary. On 20 May 1918 Fireman Charles John Price together with Supt. E Atkinson and Motorman E Hampshire attended houses in Seventh Avenue, Manor Park, on which bombs had been dropped, the raids still being in progress when they arrived. First-aid was rendered to four persons badly injured, the ambulance being sent for, and these persons conveyed to the hospital by Motorman W Brockes of the East Ham Fire Brigade. Owing to the collapse of the buildings and to the fact that persons were reporting missing, the above named Firemen had to continue throughout the night working on the debris’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). PRICE, Harry LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. PRICE, William Henry LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in attempting to stop a fire in an explosives factory under exceptionally dangerous circumstances. He lost four fingers and practically the use of both hands, while his face was permanently disfigured’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). PRINCE, Herbert Mark, 1305 S/Sgt (T/S-M), Royal Army Medical Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. PRIOR, Albert Frederick LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. PRITCHARD, George, S/4837 S/Sgt (A/Condr), Royal Army Ordnance Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. PROUT, Alfred R, 81710 Sergeant, Machine Gun Corps LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty while on special service in Russia and Roumania’. 227 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE PUCKRIDGE, Montague LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. PUGH, Ernest LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. PUGH, Ivor LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The citation was reported in the Daily Mirror (Saturday, 25 August 1917, p.2) thus: ‘For presence of mind and courage in carrying into the open at an explosives factory a bucket containing an explosive mixture which had taken fire and threatened loss of life and damage to property. When it exploded he suffered very severe personal injuries’. PUGH, William Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. PULLEN, Florence LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in continuing to work in spite of serious suffering from an accident caused by an explosion’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Pullen (who was noted as being from St Pancras) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/251 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). PULLINGER, Ethel Mary, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air-raids’. PUNTON, William LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For prompt and courageous action in helping to extinguish a fire in a filling factory at great personal risk, thereby preventing very serious damage’. PURSER, Richard Hayward LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in working long hours in spite of severe physical disabilities brought about by hardships incurred in the retreat from Mons’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Purser (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). PURSEY, Alice Mary, 3256 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Pursey served for 17 months in the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at No. 2 Officer Cadet Battalion at Romford (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/252 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph notes her address as North Perrott Manor, Crewkerne, Somerset. PYM, Alice Muriel, 33 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/253 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Pym served from 23 September 1915 to 8 January 1920. 228 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Q QUIGLEY, Richard T LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as Sidney Tech College, Sydney, Australia (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). QUINN, William Ridgway LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and high example in subduing a fire in a filling factory. He assisted in saving life and plant in spite of being badly gassed’. 229 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE R RAE, Robert, Coastwatcher, Machrihanish, Kintyre LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For rendering valuable assistance to one of HM Ships under conditions of great difficulty’. Rae was to be presented with his medal in Glasgow and successfully petitioned the Home Office for a subsistence allowance for two nights, at a rate of 10s per night, to cover his expenses (TNA ref: HO 45/13340). RAHMAN, Shaik Fuzloo LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. RAMASWAMI, Subramanya Iyer LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. RANDALL, Gertrude (now Mrs Simpson), Supervising Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during bombardment from the sea’. RAS, Mirza Baquir. See: BAQIR, Mirza. RATCLIFFE, E, 42096 Corporal LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). RATE, Annie LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an air raid’. RATHBONE, Willy Fox, Inspector, Engineering Department, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty entailing work of a trying character’. RATTENBURY, Sidney John, ex-Special Constable, H Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The recipient was incorrectly gazetted as ‘Rattenburg’, the correct spelling of his surname (Rattenbury) being subsequently noted by the Home Office (TNA ref: HO 180/6). The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Whilst off duty in Commercial Road on 19 December 1917, [Rattenbury] was requested by a Regular Constable to give him assistance inasmuch as he had six men under observation; they had a pony and van in the New Road. The Constable arrested one man and the Special Constable another as suspected persons. The men were taken to Leman Street Police Station and charged, the result being the men were convicted and sentenced to two months and three months imprisonment respectively with hard labour. This was regarded by the Police to be an excellent capture. Enrolled 4 September 1917, Warrant Card No. 0068735, and released from his engagement on 1 November 1919’; a modification in pencil to the recommendation renders Rattenburg’s surname as ‘Rattenbury’; his address is noted as 15 Dempsey Street, Stepney, E1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 230 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 RAWLIN, William H LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage and high example in saving workers and maintaining order on the occasion of an explosion in a filling factory’. RAYMOND, Henry Charles LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and devotion to duty. Has carried on his work as official photographer in circumstances of great difficulty and danger’. REARDON, William Dennis, Sorter LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘Devotion to duty under specially difficult and dangerous circumstances’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Reardon (who was noted as being from Wandsworth) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). RECORD, James Reuben, Fireman, Sheerness Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Tom Askew (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). REDDIN, Timothy , 59014 Sergeant, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Reddin was born in Tipperary in 1878 and was appointed to the RIC on 15 July 1899. Serving in Cork from 7 August 1907, he was promoted to Sergeant on 1 May 1918 and is noted as having received a 3rd class Favourable Record, dated 2 November of perhaps 1915 (the year however is indistinct on his service record). He was discharged on 8 May 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/31). REDMOND, Martin LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Redmond receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). REED, John Curtis, Staff Sergeant, Expeditionary Force Canteens LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while carrying on canteen work under shell fire’. REEKIE, W D, 146252 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). REEVES, Albert Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage in recovering the plug of a cock under circumstances of grave danger’. REGAN, John, DCM, 62214 Constable, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Regan was born in Sligo on 10 June 1885 and was appointed to the RIC on 1 November 1906. Having served in the 1st Bn., Irish Guards (6301 Private and later Sergeant) during World War One, receiving the Distinguished Conduct Medal and bar (LG 16 November 1915 and 10 January 1920), he rejoined the RIC on 16 February 1919. Posted to the Reserve on 1 March 1919, he was promoted to Sergeant on 1 December 1920 and was posted to Dublin Castle on 1 April 1922. He received two 1st class Favourable Records (dates of these are illegible in the service register). He was discharged on 31 May 1922 on the disbandment of the force (TNA ref: HO 184/32). 231 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE REID, Mrs Annie Anderson, Senior Writer, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Reid by the SNO at Malta on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). REID, John LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. RENACRE, Edith Maud, 415 Acting Asst Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/255 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph notes the award was ‘for exceptional good work and devotion to duty as stenographer to the Director of Ordnance Services – Sir Charles Matthew’. RENFREW, Donald, Chief Draughtsman, Kelvin, Bottomley & Baird, Ltd. LG (8 January 1918, p.478): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trials of a submarine’. RENSHAW, Sarah Beatrice, 9451 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. REYNOLDS, George LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and resource in preventing an explosion and fire at grave personal risk’. REYNOLDS, Louisa, 8846 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Reynolds served in both the Women’s Legion and the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at No. 20 Larkhill (TNA ref: WO 162/65). RICHARDSON, Alfred, Fireman, Romford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Samuel Davis (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). RICHARDSON, J, 308542 Sergeant LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). RICHARDSON, Maud, 29542 Housemaid, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/256 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). RICHARDSON, William, Metropolitan Police Constable LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Displayed coolness and courage on the occasion of an air raid’. RICKARD, Thomas Steven, S/26711 Cpl. (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. 232 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 RIDDEN, James William, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Hughes Fields, Deptford, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. PROVENANCE: Ridden’s Medal, together with his LCC London Fire Brigade Long Service Medal, is pictured and discussed in Street (1992a: 47-8). RIDDLE, Mary, 15194 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 5th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment, at Chatham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). RIDGWAY, William Charles Albert, Fireman, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Abraham Robinson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). RILEY, Eli Hudson, Sergeant, Church (Lancs.) Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Richard Thomas Walker (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). RILEY, George Lester LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as King Edward’s Avenue, Sunshine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). RINDLER, L, 184618 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ROBERTS, Edwin Louis, Fireman, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at a chemical works and a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 19 January 1917, Fireman Edwin Louis Roberts together with Supt Atkinson, and Fireman F Gurden, and Motorman E Hampshire attending a serious explosion at Messrs Brunner Mond’s Works, Silvertown. On arriving at the Works, they found that some West Ham fireman were seriously injured and at once rendered first-aid assistance to them, afterwards conveying three of the fireman and 8 other persons to the Seamen’s Hospital, Connaught Road. On returning, they assisted in extinguishing the flames, and were working in dangerous positions. On 20 May 1918, Fireman Edwin Louis Roberts together with Supt Atkinson, and Fireman C Price, and Motorman E Hampshire, attended houses in Seventh Avenue, Manor Park, on which bombs had been dropped, the raid being still in progress when they arrived. First-aid was rendered to four persons badly injured, the ambulance being sent for, and these persons conveyed to the hospital by Motorman W Brockes of the East Ham Fire Brigade. Owing to the collapse of the buildings and to the fact that persons were reported missing, the above named Firemen had to continue throughout the night working on the debris. On 18 October 1915, Fireman Edwin Louis Roberts, together with Supt Atkinson, Fireman R Holt, and Motorman E Hampshire, attended after an explosion in the Benzol Department of Beckton 233 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Chemical Works, (Gas Light & Coke Co) and worked in close proximity to highly inflammable spirit and explosives whilst dealing with the outbreak of fire following the explosion’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ROBERTS, Ellen, 10493 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 16th Officer Cadet Battalion at Kinmel Park (TNA ref: WO 162/65). ROBERTS, James, Third Officer, Accrington Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Samuel Edward Ware (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ROBERTS, Leonard Riley LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as c/o Mrs H Fewson, Bethel House, Heddon, near Hull (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). ROBERTS, Robert LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in saving the life of a fellow worker at a fire in an explosives factory, under exceptionally dangerous circumstances’. ROBERTSON, A, 316647 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ROBERTSON, Clare, 6699 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Bostall Heath Camp (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/257 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Clara Robertson’). ROBERTSON, Jean, 12700 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/258. The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Robertson served at the QMAAC HQ in France and was presented with her medal at Edinburgh Castle on 13 May 1920. ROBERTSON, Victor Grant Suttie, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty entailing work of a trying character’. ROBILLARD, E LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage in helping to remove large quantities of loaded fuses during a fire at an Explosives Factory in Canada, while explosions were taking place’. ROBINSON, Abraham, Superintendent, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. Twenty-eight West Ham firemen were originally nominated for recognition of their 234 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 services at six fires. Of these, eight men were selected for their actions at the Silvertown explosion. The recommendation for the award lists the fires thus: ‘This Brigade had very many calls made upon them in connection with fires and explosions caused by hostile aircraft but in particular at the following extensive fires the officers and men were placed at great personal risk: (a) 24 September 1916 Judd’s Match Factory, Stratford (caused by a bomb): during the progress of this fire zeppelins were hovering above and all ranks were subject to risk of injury from anti-aircraft gun fire. (b) January, 1917, Silvertown Explosion: this Brigade was the first to arrive on the scene. The first motor pump and motor escape upon arrival were put out of action by the explosion, two firemen being killed and the remainder of the crew injured. One of the duties performed by this Brigade was to closely guard a tank containing many tons of TNT. Should this have exploded it would have caused far more destruction than the original explosion. Superintendent Robinson personally supervised the isolation of the tank, arranging for water to be played on it so that the intense heat surrounding [it] should have no effect. These efforts were fortunately successful. (c) 11 August 1917: fire at premises at Burt Bolton and Haywood, North Woolwich Road, Silvertown. This outbreak originated in a still containing many tons of explosive material. This particular still was one of four and it was only at great personal risk that the Brigade prevented the adjoining stills from becoming involved. The still immediately next to the one on fire contained liquid TNT. (d) 20 September 1917: Air Service Factory, Canning Road, West Ham: this comprised [of] extensive property in West Ham whereby over 100 houses were damaged by the explosion. It was necessary to extinguish a serious fire which consisted of two or three sheds which were well alight and were eventually burnt down. These sheds contained explosives of all kinds. The greatest difficulty was to isolate over 1000 shells of large type, which were fully charged and entailed great personal risk to all ranks. (e) 28 May 1919: Hunts Chemical Works, Stratford: the particular feature of the outbreak is that it commenced at the same time as an air raid was in progress and there is a doubt as to whether it was caused by hostile aircraft. The fire was of an extensive nature and lasted about seven hours. During the whole of this period hostile aircraft were in the vicinity dropping bombs and all ranks were subjected to risk from anti-aircraft gun fire’, while a further recommendation adds a sixth undated incident: ‘Rescue of two boys from a house wrecked by a bomb in Ladysmith Road’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ROBINSON, Arthur LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For great courage and resource at an explosion at a chemical works in extinguishing several fires, at imminent peril to his life’. ROBINSON, E LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘Has rendered valuable service to the Allied cause’. ROBINSON, Florence Annie Gwendoline LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and devotion in rendering first aid to one injured on the occasion of an air raid’. ROBINSON, George LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out dangerous experiments’. ROBINSON, George, Motor Driver, Watford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Henry Morris Pratchett (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). ROBINSON, J W, 218 QMS, Bermuda Volunteer Rifles LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. ROBINSON, Lily, 6915 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the 3rd Reserve Cavalry at Aldershot (TNA ref: WO 162/65). 235 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ROBINSON, Miss Lizzie LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Weekly Irish Times notes the award was ‘For devotion to duty in a national projectile factory. She has not lost any time in a whole year’s service at the factory, although the factory has recently been working at very high pressure’ (1 September 1917, p.4). In reporting the King’s visit to the Clyde and an award ceremony at Ibrox Park on 18 September 1917, The Times (19 September 1917, p.7) described the presentation of the medal to Robinson thus: ‘…and in all cases the applause was splendid. Loud as it was, however, it was soon shown that it could be louder still, when a munition girl – Lizzie Robinson – dressed in overalls and trousers and wearing a picturesque net cap stepped up the gangway and halted smiling before the King. Her fellow workwomen stood up and waved energetically, and all the soldiers and civilian men cheered for three or four minutes. She was decorated with the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, and the King congratulated her heartily’. Two portrait photographs of this recipient are preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under references DEC 6/259 and DEC 6/260. The reverse of the former photograph also notes her address as 4 Alma Street, Govan, Glasgow, and confirms details of the presentation. ROBINSON, Major LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, ‘Air-Mechanic K Robinson’ (as his name was cited at the time) receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). ROBINSON, R LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. ROCHE, William Chevers LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Roche receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). ROCK, Maggie LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an accident at a filling factory’. ROGERS, Frederick H LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of fires at an Explosives Factory in Canada’. ROGERS, John, Fireman, East Ham Fire Brigade LG (11 November 1921, p.8928): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at a chemical works and a munitions factory in 1915 and 1916’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 18 October 1915, Fireman John Rogers, together with the Superintendent and other Members of the East Ham Fire Brigade attended an explosion at Beckton Gas Works, and worked in close proximity to highly inflammable spirit and explosives whilst dealing with the outbreak of fire following the explosion. On 19 January 1917, Fireman John Rogers, together with the Superintendent and other Members of the East Ham Fire Brigade, attended a serious explosion at Messrs Brunner Mond’s Works, Silvertown. On arriving at the Works, they found that some West Ham Fireman were seriously injured, and at once rendered first-aid assistance to them, afterwards conveying these fireman and 8 other persons to the Seaman’s Hospital, Connaught Road. On returning, they assisted in extinguishing the flames, and were working in dangerous positions’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). His address is noted as 65 St Albans Avenue, East Ham, E6 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 236 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ROLL, Charles William Beaver LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in attempting to rescue his foreman, by entering an ash receiver full of carbon mono-oxide gas’. ROSE, Miss Annie LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Weekly Irish Times notes the award was ‘For devotion to duty. [She] received injuries at the factory which resulted in the loss of two fingers of her left hand. She returned, and at her own request was employed again on similar work’ (1 September 1917, p.4). Rose (who was from Ealing) received her medal from the Duke of Bedford at Middlesex Guildhall on Monday 29 April 1918 (The Times, 30 April 1918, p.3). ROSE, Harry, ex-Sergeant, H Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘In the evening of 3 September 1917, he heard cries for help from the River Thames at Pelican Stairs, and on proceeding to the spot found that Joseph Baxter, aged 6, had fallen into the river and was struggling in the water. Special Constable Sub-Inspector Tugwood of the K Division, attached to the Limehouse station, had dived to the assistance of the boy, but owing to the strong current then running, became in danger of being drowned. Sergeant Rose plunged into the river, and succeeded in bringing them both ashore. Warrant Card No. 0023862, enrolled in August 1914 and released from his engagement on 1 November 1919’; Rose’s address being noted as 47 High Street, Shadwell, E1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ROSE, Horace LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For great courage and resource on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material at very grave personal risk’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). ROSE, John LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For devotion to duty and great skill and resource in examining and shoring up factory buildings partly collapsed as the result of an explosion’. ROSE, Margaret Christina Grant, 6788 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/261. ROSEBLADE, Amy, 7666 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Roseblade enrolled in the Women’s Legion and then transferred to the QMAAC in November 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at H Brigade Officer Cadet Battalion at Bushy and a second while based at The Hall at Bushey, a slightly more specific draft noting she was: ‘A loyal and excellent member of the Corps, who has worked hard under very great difficulties’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). ROSEKILLY, Albert Edward, Inspector of Founders LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in continuing urgent casting operations throughout an air raid’. ROSENBLUM, Allan Armstrong LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although, repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Charge Chemists employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth]. These men were repeatedly burnt 237 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE and gassed. By their devotion to duty they set a fine example to their subordinates’, his address being given as c/o High Commission for Australia, Australia House, Strand, London (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). Rosenblum’s own report of the accident on 9 August 1918, when he was in charge of the shift at the factory, reads: ‘Report of accident through ‘H’ spill: on arriving on duty on the night of 9 August 1918, we were informed that a spill of ‘H’ had just taken place in the Bubbler House, chemists coming on shift being Messrs Wolsterholme, Gordon, Finlayson, Tomlins and Rosenblum. Mr Gordon being on duty in the Reaction House, proceeded there, accompanied by Mr Wolstenholme as Chemist in Charge. Process worker J Trytton, a highly satisfactory worker, proceeded there also. Charge No. 14, the one which had come over, was practically completed at the time of the accident. Although the house was full of H fume[s] and the RV [was] dripping with H, these three proceeded to draw off the completed charge and start another. Meanwhile, Mr Finlayson, who had called in in order to collect the records, volunteered to remain and give a hand. This he did, staying until 1am when the new charge was got under way. Process worker P Linch was brought across about midnight in order to relieve Trytton in attempting to clear up the mess. He remained on duty in and around the RV house long after the others had left. Shortly after 1am Messrs Wolstenholme, Gordon, Finlayson and Trytton became casualties and retired to hospital. I then instructed Linch to keep clear of the house and fumes and asked him to have just an occasional look at the temperatures, etc. I had difficulty in persuading him and in restraining his keenness to carry on with cleaning operations. In fact, I largely ascribe the severe dose he got of ‘H’ to his excessive zeal. He repeatedly informed me that he was all right and would like to carry on. At 4.30am I found him showing signs of distress and complained of grittiness of the eyeballs. I immediately sent him to hospital and gave instructions that no one was to go near the RV house, which I visited occasionally myself. By the end of the shift the house, although smelling strongly of H, had become cleared of the deadly liquid and we were in a position to carry on with the charges uninterruptedly’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). ROSS, Helen, 1009 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. ROSS, James Gordon, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘Displayed courage and resource in maintaining telephonic communication during, an air-raid’. ROSS, Johanna, 4767 Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Hostel, at Aldershot, with another submitted from the 21st Officer Cadet Battalion at Aldershot (TNA ref: WO 162/65). ROTHWELL, Lilian Ethel, 40047 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Having joined the Women’s Legion in 1915, Rothwell transferred to the QMAAC in April 1918 (immobile) and in August 1918 (mobile). The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Battersea, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for keen, conscientious work, and great devotion to duty. Has shown wonderful esprit de corps, and has an excellent influence on the other members’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). ROUND, Charles LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For great courage and high example in connection with specially dangerous work at a filling factory, often causing ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 238 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ROUSE, Elsie, 1081 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. ROWAN, Mary, 6894 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Hostel, Aldershot (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/262 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). RUCK, Alfred Henry, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. RUDGE, Alfred LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in extinguishing a fire in an explosives factory at very great risk to his life’. RUDGE, Thomas William, Millwright LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and coolness whilst engaged on dangerous work’. RUNCIMAN, Philip, Commandant, Ambulance Column, London District LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on Red Cross work in connection with air raids’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Had his ambulance smashed under him while going to Warrington Crescent when bombed’ and notes his address as 39 Woburn Square, WC1 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). RUNGASWAMY REDDIAR, Narasinga Patai Thas LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. RUSHTON, Mrs Lily, VAD & Nursing Member, Durham Branch, British Red Cross Society LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘Showed conspicuous courage and presence of mind on the occasion of the bombardment of West Hartlepool, when her hospital was struck by a shell’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On the occasion of [the] bombardment of West Hartlepool, [on] 16 December 1914, [Rushton was the] night nurse in charge of VA Hospital, West Hartlepool. During [the] bombardment [she] with great presence of mind collected patients together in [the] safest place in building. [There was] no panic although a shell hit the Hospital’; while her address is noted as 47 Wansbeck Gardens, West Hartlepool, Durham (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). The Daily Mirror noted the award (8 July 1918, p.2). RUSHTON, W LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. RUST, George LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For very conspicuous courage and devotion to duty. When two trucks of a train loaded with explosives caught fire, he unfastened the side of one of them in order to enable the hose to play more effectively on the contents’. 239 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE RUTHERFORD, James, Fitter LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For meritorious service overseas in carrying out torpedo work under trying conditions’. RYAN, John, Mate of Yard Draft, Haulbowline Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For his splendid example of pluck and discipline during, salvage operations’. Ryan received his medal from the Earl of Bandon, KP, the presentation ceremony being pictured in the Daily Mirror (10 June 1918, p.8), which noted that Ryan was from Cloyne, Co Cork and his award was ‘for salvage work at sea’. RYAN, Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Ryan (who was noted as being from Finsbury) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). RYAN, Thomas, 3514034 L/Cpl, The Manchester Regiment LG (21 April 1921, p.3175): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. Awarded for services in Ireland. Ryan missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921. Demobilised by mid-January 1922, he also missed the subsequent investiture there, his permanent address being noted as 15 Hamilton Street, Oldham (TNA ref: WO 35/181). RYLANCE, Willie, Sergeant, Wigan Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for John S Percival (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 240 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Top Left: Section Leader (Steward) Evelyn Olive Perrett, Women’s Royal Naval Service Top Right: Hannah Spash Bottom Right: Forewoman Aida Stevenson, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps 241 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE S SABIN, Albert LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘During the construction of the ‘H.S.’ Gas Plant, Sabin [age 40, a foreman plumber] worked strenuously and well. At a later stage when production began, and dangerous work had to be carried out, he was an example to the men under his charge, by the readiness with which he undertook to do the dangerous jobs himself, and has been severely burned during the progress of the plant. While the plumbers were out on strike from 12 to 18 July, Sabin, although injured, and realizing the danger to which he was exposed, managed with the assistance of three other plumbers to help keep the ‘H.S’ Plant working’; his address being given as 61 Boskum Street, Rustholme, Manchester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). SADIQ, Ali. See: ALI, Sadiq SALENGER, Alfred LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in volunteering for work on dangerous experiments, in the course of which he lost four fingers’. SAMMUT, C, late S/Sgt, Royal Army Medical Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. SAMS, John Frederick LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and high example in remaining at his post on a tram, and thus preventing severe casualties to fellow-workers. In doing so he was severely injured’. SAMUEL, William David Bowen, Telegraphist LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. SANDERS, Eva Elizabeth, 1846 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/50, where she is listed under her married name ‘Eva Elizabeth Clements (née Sanders)’ . SANDERS, Richard, Engine Fitter, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trials of a new submarine’. SANDERSON, Melville May, 4698 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/263 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). SANDFORD, Alfred E LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For great courage and resource on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material at very grave personal risk’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 242 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 SANDHAM, James, SA.231 2nd Hand, RNR LG (17 March 1919, p.3590): ‘In recognition of their services in rescuing survivors from a torpedoed steamship’. The Medal was presented to Sandham via the SNO at Fleetwood on 2 September 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). SATCHWELL, Dorothy, 426 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/264 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). SAUNDERS, William LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in attempting to save the lives of workers who were gassed in a gas main, at very great personal risk’. Saunders is commemorated on the Middlesborough War Memorial. The son of Mr and Mrs William Saunders of 35 Valley Road in Middlesbrough. William Saunders served with the 5th Provisional Company of the Durham Light Infantry. He died of pneumonia at the age of 26 on October 28th 1919 and is buried in Linthorpe Cemetery (ref: R Coulson ‘The Middlesborough Roll of Honour of the Great War’, available at www.ww1-yorkshires. org.uk). SAUVE, Clare M LG (7 July 1920, p.7311): ‘For conspicuous bravery and courage on the occasion of a fire and explosion at an explosives factory in Canada’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). SAVAGE, Henry, Night Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. SAVILLE, Rosina LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage in helping to subdue a serious fire at a filling factory’. See Minnie Balkan for further details. SAYAD, Hassan. See: HASSAN, Sayad. SAYEWELL, Stephen Vidgeon, Fireman, Cotton Powder Company’s Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for Guy Tassell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SCHOFIELD, Walter Philip, Fireman, Church (Lancs) Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Richard Thomas Walker (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SCHOLEFIELD, Arthur Percival LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’, his address being given as Glen Ard, Drighlington, near Leeds (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). SCOTT, Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in averting a serious accident in a mill, at grave risk to his own life. His arm was badly crushed, and has since had to be amputated’. 243 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE SCOTT, James, Chief Officer, Bradford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 21 August 1915 at 2.33pm an alarm of fire at the works of the Low Moor Munitions Co Ltd, was received at the Bradford City Central Fire Station. The call was immediately answered by two motor fire engines from the Central Station in charge of Chief Officer Scott and Superintendent Forbes respectively, and by an engine from the Odsal District Fire Station. Before the Brigade arrived at the Munitions Works one or more heavy explosions of picric acid (large quantities of which were in store or undergoing manufacture on the premises) had already occurred. On arrival at the Munitions Works, despite the fact that more than one heavy explosion had already occurred, Chief Officer Scott and Superintendent Forbes together with the firemen who accompanied them, utterly regardless of the very serious danger which they were encountering, entered the yard and prepared to combat the fire which was making rapid progress. There were two magazines at the Munitions Works each of them containing many boxes of picric acid, and the dangerous nature of the work was well-known to every member of the Brigade. Before such headway had been made, however, in laying the fire hose, a series of heavy explosions occurred and ultimately every one of the 18 men attending including the above-named was rendered hors de combat. Of the 18 men, 6 were killed outright, along with a police constable who had entered to render assistance, and the remaining 12 were more or less seriously injured, the injuries to Chief Officer Scott in particular being of a serious nature. One of the explosions which occurred blew the Chief Officer’s engine up into the air and so damaged it that it could not be moved, and it was in a short space of time completely destroyed by the sea of flames which passed over the area. The whole of the premises were destroyed by the fire and explosions, and there were hardly an unbroken pane of glass left in any building within a mile radius of the Munitions Works’. A further brief discussion noted that: ‘The Council originally submitted the names of all the eighteen men who were present including the names of the six men who were killed. It has, however, been decided that posthumous awards of the British Empire Medal cannot be made, and as Superintendent Forbes received the KPM [sic] in connection with this explosion the Council strongly recommend the names of the six men [Stelling, Blakey, Whitaker, France, Massheder, and Jowett] in addition to Chief Officer Scott who now remain in the Brigade’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Superintendent Robert John Forbes was awarded the Albert Medal (in bronze) for his services at the Low Moor fire (see Henderson, 1995, p.28). SCOTT, John, 465305 CSM, Royal Engineers LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. SCOTT, Margaret, 6673 Housemaid, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the 636 Company, Bulford (TNA ref: WO 162/65). SCOTT, Robert, 32068 Sergeant, Scottish Rifles LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the war’ (Military Division). PROVENANCE: Scott’s medal (unnamed), with letter of award addressed to Mr R Scott, OBE, 10 Windemere Street, Everton, Liverpool, exists in a private UK collection (2011). SEAMER, Doris Emily, Supervisor, Telephones LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For devotion to duty and high example in a position of great responsibility’. SEARS, Percy LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and his high example in preventing a fire in an explosives factory, at grave risk to his life’. 244 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 SECCOMBE, Ernest Frank, 5998798, A/Cpl, The Essex Regiment LG (29 July 1921, p.6009): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘During an attack by rebels on a number of un-armed Crown Forces witnessing a football match at Bandon on 14 May 1921, Corporal Seccombe was in charge of the only small armed force on the field and he handled his party with skill and courage. The action of this NCO undoubtedly saved the unarmed soldiers and police from severe casualties’. Seccombe received his award from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922 (TNA ref: WO 35/181) SEDGMOND, William Henry George, M/20178 Private, Royal Army Service Corps LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) lists this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. SEERY, William, Works Constable LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Displayed courage and resource on the occasion of a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory. He was thrown down and injured by an explosion’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory, Seery being considered (ultimately unsuccessfully) as a candidate for the Edward Medal or King’s Police Medal. At the subsequent inquiry Seery gave the following witness statement: ‘I was on duty on the night of the 1st inst[ant], and was stationed on the Runways between No. 8 and No. 15 Change Houses. About 9.55pm, the workpeople went to their supper, some to the Change Houses, and others to the Factory Canteen. At about 10.20pm I was patrolling the Runway between the Main Runway at the end of Stemming Houses, and No. 12 Change House, when I saw a flash of light, which came from the direction of No. 6 Stemming House. I looked round and saw flames issuing from the roof of No 6 Stemming House. I immediately went to several extinguishers on the Runways, and turned the water on, and then commenced to blow my whistle. At this time I saw some of the Factory Firemen running the hose from the Hydrants. I then ran to Nos. 12-13-14 and 15 Change Houses, and instructed the attendants to open the Change House doors and get all the girls and men out and clear away from the Factory. A night nurse, who was on duty at the “Rest Room” near No. 12 Change House accompanied me to the most of the Change Houses. I then told her to clear out for her own safety. I then went to the door of No. 12 Change House, to see if everything was clear there, where I saw the searcher standing in the doorway, evidently unnerved. He said to me, “Come on, clear out”. The first explosion then occurred, and the whole of the Change House collapsed, and I was thrown to the floor and pinned down by some wreckage. The searcher shouted for me to come on, and put his hand out to assist me, and eventually I got clear. The Nurse, whom I found outside the Change House, bandaged my hand up, but my injury was not serious. I then met a number of soldiers coming from the Camp, and I assisted them to try and couple up some hose, with a view of playing on the fire, but owing to the frequent explosions, this was found to be impossible. I then accompanied them to the Magazines, where we were compelled to take cover under the Railway Trucks, and subsequently got through the Boundary Fence, which had been broken down. We had again to take cover under a sentry box, and subsequently succeeded in reaching a farmhouse in the Heysham Road, where I took shelter under a haystack, and I remained there until about 5am the 2nd inst[ant]. An Officer and several soldiers from the Military Camp also took shelter at the same place. About 5.30am I made my way [to] the main entrance of the Factory, where I saw Sergeant Coppard. I reported to him what I had done, and were I had been, and he then instructed me to proceed to my lodgings’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). SELLEY, Frank Leopold, Acting Inspector of Fitters LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trial of a new submarine’. SELMAN, William Henry, Foreman Carpenter LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For meritorious service under shell fire at Dunkirk’. SEMARK, Charles Henry, Chief Officer, Kent (Insurance Company) Fire Brigade, Faversham LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. See also the entry for Guy Tassell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 245 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE SEWELL, Martha, 15049 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Residential Quarters, Nottingham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/265 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes her address as 96 Brook Street, Carlisle. SHAIK, Ahmed. See: AHMED, Shaik. SHAIKH, Rahman LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. SHALDERS, George Henry, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SHARKEY, H, 129964 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). SHARP, James LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘...for services in connection with the war’. SHARPIN, Annie, 4081 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. SHAW, Charlie LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and resource in dealing with a fire at an explosives factory, at great personal risk’. SHEIKH, Ali Bux LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. SHELL, Margaret Louisa, Telegraphist LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. SHEPHERD, Harry LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. SHEPHERD, Kitty LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage in helping to subdue a serious fire at a filling factory’. See Minnie Balkan for further details. SHEPHERD, Maisie J, Nurse, Factory Nursing Staff LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Behaved with great courage on the occasion of a severe fire and explosion at a national filling factory, performing her duties quietly and without regard to personal safety’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory, White Lund (see TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). A portrait photograph of this 246 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/266 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss M J Sheperd’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes the date 1 October 1917, when the explosion at the National Filling Factory at White Lund occurred, and quotes the date of the presentation as 2 December 1918. PROVENANCE: Shepherd’s medal, unnamed and in its case of issue, together with Home Office letter to her announcing the award and her Certified Midwife’s Badge (this named and numbered), are in a private UK collection. SHEPHERD, William James, Quartermaster LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage in connection with submarine cable work in dangerous waters’. SHEPPARD, Alfred Theophilus, Fireman, Edmonton Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Robert Samuel Offord (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SHERWOOD, Guy LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in carrying on work for the Australian Comforts Fund in forward areas with the Army [attached to the 5th Australian Division] in circumstances of difficulty and danger’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Mr Sherwood has been Representative of the Australian Comforts Fund with 5th Australian Division since March 1918, to the present day. During the whole of the period he has been attached to the Division he has rendered most valuable service in connection with the welfare of the troops. He has arranged for the free distribution of tobacco, cigarettes, cocoa and milk etc, to the troops in the forward areas, often under the most trying and difficult circumstances. During the operations from 8 August to 5 October 1918, he was continuously in the forward areas, and his untiring energy for the comfort and welfare of the troops was of the greatest benefit. Mr Sherwood has also been most helpful in providing materials such as cinemas, indoor games, etc, for the troops when in the rest areas’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). SHINGLER, Miss B LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For courage and resource shown while working in very dangerous circumstances’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Process Charge Hand. In charge of shell filling under very trying conditions until efficient plant was installed [at HM Factory at Middlewich]. On several occasions prevented panic by promptly dealing with leaking shells at considerable risk to themselves’; her address being given as 14 Havelock Street, Crewe (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). SHIPMAN, Sydney Ernest LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For great courage and high example in connection with specially dangerous work at a filling factory, often causing ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). SHIRKEY, Mellville K LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and high example at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, when he prevented the fire from spreading and thus saved valuable stores’. SHORNEY, A B, 279208 Sergeant LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). SHORT, Leonard, Engine Fitter, Portsmouth Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice during salvage operations’. 247 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE SIBBALD, Elizabeth, 15196 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 435th Company, RASC, at Chatham (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/267 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss E K Sibbald’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Sibbald served with the QMAAC from 30 April 1917 to 29 November 1919. SIBBALD, Francis Victor, MM, S/18321 S/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. SILBURN, Ernest LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For great courage and presence of mind in assisting to extinguish a fire in a filling factory’. SIMINSON, Thomas H LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For great courage in fighting a fire at an explosives factory in Canada. He returned to his post and continued to man the fire hose after being twice overcome by fumes’. SIMONS, Katherine, 6180 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Simons enrolled in the QMAAC on 4 October 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at 28 Warwick Square, SW, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member has always shown exceptional devotion and esprit de corps – an invaluable and excellent worker’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). SIMPSON, Lawrence LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in extinguishing a fire on two occasions, at very great personal risk’. SIMPSON, Sydney, Skilled Workman, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘Showed great courage as well as resource on the occasion of a very severe explosion at adjoining munition works. He sent away to a safe place the women operators, and himself maintained uninterrupted telephonic communication’. SIMS, Edith LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage in returning to work at a filling factory after being severely injured by the explosion of a detonator’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/268 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss F E Sims’). The reverse of the latter photograph also notes Sims received her medal on 20 June 1919. SIMS, Gordon, Electrical Fitter LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage in saving at great personal risk the life of a workman who had come in contact with a live electric wire’. SIMS, Robert Walter, DSM, 179585 (Po) Petty Officer, RN LG (17 October 1919, p.12779): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Medal, awarded for services whilst a prisoner-of-war, was issued to Sims by the C-in-C of the Coast of Scotland on 20 May 1920 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). He also received the DSM for services on the submarine E7 in the Dardanelles on 4 September 1915, the QSA Medal with bar Natal (AB, HMS Forte), a duplicate of the latter being issued, and the 1914-15 Star trio (TNA ref: ADM 171/53, 61, and 115). 248 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 SINCLAIR, Mrs Mary, Forewoman LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courageous conduct and high example’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/269. The reverse of the latter photograph also notes that Sinclair was a Munition Supervisor; that she was granted the Medal ‘for courageous conduct, high example and devotion to duty’; that she was presented with it on 16 April 1919 by the Earl of Durham; and her address is noted as 56 Parliament Street, Stockton-on-Tees. SINCLAIR, William LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in rescuing a driver who was underneath a railway engine which had begun to move’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Sinclair (who was noted as being from Greenwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). SINGH, Atma LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. SINGH, Sardar Sahib, Ganda LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. SINGH, Sardar Sahib, Nand LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with recruiting for the Indian Army’. SINGLETON, Henry Percival LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as Oorooloo, Chelmer, via Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). SKELTON, Henry, Third Officer, Grimsby Volunteer Fire Brigade. LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. See also the entry for Zacry Woods (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SKINNER, Harry LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and resource (1) in extinguishing a fire in a filling factory at imminent risk of serious explosion, (2) in rescuing two fellow-workers gassed in a sewer, at very great personal risk’. SKINNER, Joseph, Night Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. SKINNER, Lawrence LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in attempting to stop a fire in an explosives factory under exceptionally dangerous circumstances’ (Civil Division). PROVENANCE: Skinner’s medal, engraved ‘L. Skinner, 17-4-18’, was sold at DNW, 18 September 1998, lot 226, GVF, £70; it was again sold there on 4 April 2001, lot 636, VF, £130; it then formed part of the Strong Collection, sold at DNW, 18 May 2011, lot 802, minor edge bruising, NEF, £240 (hammer price). 249 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE SLADE, Catherine, 8016 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the 615 Employment Company, Salisbury (TNA ref: WO 162/65). SLATER, Frank LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For great courage shown during a fire in an explosives factory’. SLATTERY, Margaret, 13063 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the MT Depot at Isleworth (TNA ref: WO 162/65). SLEEFORD, Minnie, Assistant Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. SLOAN, Annie Isabelle, 26227 Act Asst Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/270 (where she is noted as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, Sloan interestingly notes: ‘I am afraid I can’t explain exactly what I received this for, but those who have charge of such matters will know’. SMALL, John Ogilvie, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Ilderton Road, Rotherhithe New Road, London, SE, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. SMALLEY, Edward, late Superintendent, Oswaldtwistle Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 27 April 1917 the Brigade attended the premises of Blythe & Co. Cote Holme Chemical Works, Church, where an explosion had occurred. The company were manufacturers of trinitrotoluene and trinitrophenol and there was considerable danger of other explosions occurring. In fact several minor explosions did actually occur whilst the Brigade were engaged. The Superintendent states that every member of the Brigade performed his duty unflinchingly, and he cannot mention any one individual for special merit’. A further consideration of this notes: ‘Serious explosion of picric acid at the Cote Holme Chemical Works, 27 April 1917: This Brigade were asked to select the names of three men. In reply the Council stated that there were five men all equally entitled to recognition and they asked whether it would be possible to extend the number of medals. They were informed in reply that it would not be possible for the Secretary of State to recommend more than three names, and the Brigade therefore submitted the names of Edward Smalley, John Booth and John W Duckworth, but asked that the medals should not be engraved as it was the intention to have the medals placed in a frame and hung on the walls of the Station. In reply to a subsequent letter from the Home Office, asking whether the five men mentioned in their first letter had performed specially distinguished service, the Council stated that the desire for the further medals had been abandoned both by the Council and the members of the Brigade’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SMETHURST, James, Corporal LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For great initiative and courage displayed on the occasion of a fire’. 250 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 SMITH, Albert Edward, 7870666 Pte, Tank Corps LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘During an engagement on 5 March 1921 Private Smith was gunner on an armoured car and though badly wounded in the leg at the commencement of the action continued to fire his gun for nearly an hour after and rendered very material help towards defeating the rebels’. Smith received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). SMITH, Beatrice Evelyn LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in returning to her post at the risk of her life in order to avert danger to the works’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/271 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, it notes Smith’s address as 38 Hartington Street, Loughborough, and that she worked as a crane driver for Herbert Morris Ltd, Loughborough, with a date 20 October 1917 also being noted (perhaps the date of the act). SMITH, Caroline LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an air raid’. SMITH, Charlotte Elizabeth Frances, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘Displayed exceptional courage and devotion to duty at a dangerous position during air raids and bombardments’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/272 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, Smith is noted as being a telegraphist at the Vice Admiral’s office at Dover. SMITH, Clara, 15 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. The Central Chancery sent the medal to the Foreign Office on 23 December 1920 for them to arrange its presentation by the British Ambassador in Washington. Since the announcement of the award, Smith had married and was now styled ‘Mrs J A MacKenzie’, her address at the time being noted as 626 Montgomery Street, Syracuse, New York. Enquiries there however failed to locate her and the medal was returned to the Central Chancery in April 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1536/T14682 and FO 372/1776/T3765 and T4028). SMITH, Cyril Henry, 2923117 Pte Cameron Highlanders LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘The driver of a lorry ambushed [at Churchtown, Co Cork] on 27 August 1920 being killed, Private Smith, under very heavy fire, climbed over the partition and took the wheel [from a wounded officer], bringing the lorry to safety’. Smith received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]) SMITH, Francis Emily Esther, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. SMITH, George Henry, Storehouse Assistant LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and presence of mind in the discharge of a dangerous duty’. 251 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE SMITH, Henry James, Coachman, West Ham Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at munitions factories’. See also the entry for Abraham Robinson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SMITH, Herbert, Works Chemist LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courageous conduct on the occasion of a serious explosion at a chemical works’. SMITH, Herbert Alfred, 34771 Sgt Bedfordshire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. SMITH, Miss Janet, Chief Section Leader, Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Smith by the Director of the WRNS on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). SMITH, John LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in assisting to extinguish a fire in an explosives factory at great personal risk’. SMITH, Lilian LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage in attempting to stop a machine at great danger to herself, whereby she was seriously injured’. SMITH, Lily, 8113 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Smith enrolled in the Women’s Legion on 16 October 1917 and later transferred to the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Gosforth (TNA ref: WO 162/65). SMITH, Miss Lily LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The Weekly Irish Times notes the award was ‘For devotion to duty. She received injuries at a filling factory which resulted in the loss of her left hand’ (1 September 1917, p.4). SMITH, Thomas William Fletcher, Tug Master, Dover Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage, initiative and perseverance on salvage operations’. SMITH, William, Fireman, Glasgow Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. Smith was elected for this award by his comrades. See also the entry for William Waddell (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SMITH, William, First Class Fireman, Upper District of Renfrewshire Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. See also the entry for Charles Angus (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SMITHERS, Charles Henry LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. SNAPE, James LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and high example in quelling fires during an explosion at great personal risk’. 252 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 SNAWDEN, Edmund Michell LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For great courage on the occasion of a serious fire at a filling factory’. SNEAD, William LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage in entering a gas main and saving the lives of two workers who were gassed, at very great personal risk’. SOLEY, Sidney Charles LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and resource in dealing with a hand grenade about to explode, whereby he saved several lives’. SOLLY, John, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). SOLOMON, George, Sapper 1st London Emergency Section, RE LG (11 June 1918, p.6898): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the rescue of persons injured by air raids’. SOMMERS, Don LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and high example shown on the occasion of fires at an explosives factory in Canada’. SOUTHBY, C W LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For courage and devotion to duty shown while performing dangerous duties in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Lead Burner. Carried out very difficult and dangerous repair work [at HM Factory at Middlewich] on a number of occasions in order to prevent plant stopping’; his address being given as 20 Poplar Grove, Hammersmith, London (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). SOUTHCOTT, Edward, 4380349 Pte The Green Howards LG (17 June 1921, p.4887): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘On 2 May 1921, although wounded by the first burst of fire from a rebel ambush, Private Southcott refused to be attended to and continued to fight until he collapsed exhausted from loss of blood. His courage and endurance set an excellent example to all ranks engaged’. Southcott received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). SPASH, Hannah LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and high example in continuing her work in a filling factory, after having been on three separate occasions injured by explosions’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/274 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). An unattributed newspaper cutting, pasted on the reverse of this photograph (with the date ‘15/12/17’ pencilled in), reads: ‘3 TIMES BLOWN-UP: MUNITION GIRL’S ADVENTURES. Hannah Spash, a happy-faced girl of 20, is one of the girl workers to whom the King and Queen spoke during a visit to a munitions factory in the London area yesterday. “The King asked me whether I liked the dangerous work better than any other”, she said later, “and I replied, to the King’s amusement ‘Well, I have been blown up three times your Majesty, so I have got used to it’. And so I have. The first time I was very lucky. A pot of a certain chemical dropped in my shed and the explosion blew an arm off the girl standing next to me, but I escaped almost unhurt. The second time the explosion blew up the table at which I was working, and it was wonderful that I did not have both legs blown off instead of having only a knee and foot dislocated and my face badly scarred. You can see the scars now. The third time was when I was working in a gunpowder shed. The explosion blew the shed to pieces and killed two girls. I was flung out on to 253 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE a field, and only recovered consciousness while being taken home. All the accidents happened in a year, and I had to be away three months after two of them, but I was always longing to get back to the work. I am still on explosives. Why do I like it? Well, I am very fond of my brother who is fighting in France, and I like it because it helps him and the others who are there”’. SPENCE, Lizzie, Bookkeeper and Typist LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courageous conduct on the occasion of a fire’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/275 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, it records that: ‘During a serious fire which occurred in one of the departments of Messrs David Bone & John McNicol, 61 Bishop Street, Anderston, Glasgow, Miss Lizzie Spence displayed exceptional courage and presence of mind when assisting the male members of the staff to procure valuable books and documents, entering and re-entering the burning building until prohibited by the fire master, owing to the extreme personal danger’ and quotes the date of the bestowal as 29 March 1919. SPENCE, Thomas, Forge Master LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For great devotion to duty in spite of his age (81), and high example’. SPENCER, Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and high example in continuing at work in an explosives factory under circumstances of grave danger’. SPENCER, Reginald, S/21660 Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. SPENCER, William LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. SPINK, Ethel, Matron LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and devotion to duty during repeated air raids and bombardments’. SPINK, Matilda, 13919 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Spink enrolled on 10 October 1917 in the Women’s Legion and later transferred to the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at No. 17 Larkhill (TNA ref: WO 162/65). SPOONER, Dorothy, 12103 Asst Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/276 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Dorothy J M Spooner’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, Spooner’s dates of service are recorded as December 1917 to October 1919. SPRACKLEY, William George, Carpenter LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For meritorious service under shell fire at Dunkirk’. SPRATT, Edith, 15047 Pantry Maid, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at Victoria Barracks at Beverley (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A 254 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/277 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, the bestowal date is noted as 3 June 1919. SPREADBURY, William James LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘For courage and resource. Although suffering from shock, he continued his duties as telephone operator on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory’. SPRIGGS, J R, 128199 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). SPURGEON, James William, Sub-Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at 65 Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. Subsequently, Spurgeon was awarded the KPM for gallantry following an ammunition explosion on a barge in the Thames on 16 December 1919 (see LG 1 January 1921). STAMMERS, Sidney Arthur, Cable Hand, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Stammers (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). STANYON, Lily LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and resource in saving the life of a crane driver at considerable risk to herself’. STEAD, Constance Hilda Alice (now Mrs Smith), Telephonist LG (15 January 1919, p.807): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. STEED, Edith LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘For courage and high example in volunteering immediately after a fatal accident to undertake the more dangerous work in the department concerned’. Steed (who was from Edmonton) received her medal from the Duke of Bedford at Middlesex Guildhall on Monday 29 April 1918 (The Times, 30 April 1918, p.3). STEEL Robert LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and resource in extinguishing a fire at a filling factory, and so preventing serious damage’. STEGGEL, Florence Eliza, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.479): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/278 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, Steggel’s address is noted as 44 Gurney Road, Stratford. STELLING, Walter, Fireman, Bradford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for James Scott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 255 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE STEPHENS, Frank Charles LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For great courage and resource on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material at very grave personal risk’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). STEPHENS, John Edward, Chargeman of Fitters LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For meritorious service overseas in carrying out torpedo work under trying conditions’. STEPHENSON, James, Founder LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in continuing urgent casting operations throughout an air raid’. PROVENANCE: Stephenson’s medals, consisting of the BEM (unnamed) and ISM (engraved ‘James Stephenson’, awarded in the LG 14 November 1922 as a Founder, HM Dockyard, Sheerness), exist in a private South American collection (2011). STEVENS, Thomas LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and resource in helping to subdue a fire in an explosives factory at great personal risk; and for high example in the performance of work of an exceptionally dangerous character’. STEVENSON, Aida, 3188 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/279 (where her name is recorded as ‘Aida Stephenson’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, it records that: ‘On the night of the 21st May 1918 the WAAC Camp, Abbeville, France, was heavily bombed by enemy planes, and totally destroyed, but owing to the coolness and courage displayed by members of the Corps, no lives were lost’, and goes on to note that ‘Stephenson’ was decorated on 7 May 1921 at Government House, Perth, Western Australia. STEWARD, Edward, M/24108 Acting Sergeant, RASC LG (18 February 1921, p.1361): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (Military Division). This award is probably for bravery in Ireland. Missing the investiture in Dublin on 21 March 1921, Steward was informally presented with his medal on 9 May 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). STEWARD, Fanny Eleanor, Assistant Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/280. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Steward is noted as having been based in Folkestone. STEWART, James Albert, Fitter LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For self-sacrifice in remaining at duty during an accident in which he was injured until he had made his engine safe’. STEWART, John LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in remaining at work and seeing his job through after being severely shaken by an explosion at an explosives factory’. STEWART, Mary, 6391 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Kelham Hall, Newark (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait 256 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/281. STEWART, Robert Turner, Inspector, Engineering Department, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. STIFF, Samuel Walter, First Officer, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Margate and district was exposed on a number of occasions to enemy bombardment both from air and from the sea on all of which occasions the Fire Brigade were not only on duty, but in numerous instances proceeded to and dealt with fires, and rendered other services including assistance as a Salvage Corps whilst the bombardment or raids were in progress. The Brigade also attended a fire at the Ammunition Stores in Ramsgate Harbour, at which there was a constant risk of explosion. The recommendation on behalf of Mr Hammond is strongly supported by the South Eastern District Committee of the NFBU. Mr Hammond the Chief Officer has recently received the King’s Police Medal. The Brigade were asked to select the names of two members of the Brigade. The Brigade have however expressed a wish that one medal be granted to the Brigade as a whole. The chief risk incurred by this Brigade was the fire at the Ammunition Dump at Ramsgate harbour. This was a strong case (see under Ramsgate) and if the medal is granted to all the Ramsgate and Broadstairs men who were present at this fire I suppose the 9 Margate men who were present should have it also...’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards also went to Bryant, Dixon, Harper, Malpas, Testa, Watson and Yeomans for these events, Hammond being omitted due to his receipt of the KPM. STILL, Alfred James, Chief Officer, Southgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Fire at the Edmonton Munition Works, 11 October 1918, at which two members of the Southgate Brigade lost their lives (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). See also the entry for Robert Samuel Offord. STOCKS, George William, Leading Cable Hand LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘Employed on cable ships and small craft in connection with war work in dangerous waters’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Stocks (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). STOKES, Emily Kate, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. STOKES, Eric Westley, 45450 Sgt Worcestershire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. STOKES, Frederick Valentine LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. STOKES, Michael LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. The award was presumably for services during the 1916 Rising, Stokes receiving it from Lord Powerscourt in the Armoury Hall of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on Saturday 5 April 1919 (Irish Times, 7 April 1919, p.4). 257 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE STOKES, Walter LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in attempting to save the lives of two workers who were gassed in a gas main by entering it at very great personal risk’. STOKES, William Leverington LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in volunteering to extinguish a fire at cost of serious injuries’. STONE, Dorothy Rush, 1656 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. STONE, George Robert, Master of Yard Craft Sheerness Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage, self-sacrifice and exceptional skill in the salvage of a merchant ship in a minefield’. STONE, Harry Edmund, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Lamb’s Conduit Passage, Holborn, London, WC, following the Zeppelin raid on 8 September 1915. STOREY, Lilian, Telephonist LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/282 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Lilian Ada Stoney’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, ‘Stoney’ is recorded as receiving her medal: ‘for devotion to duty during air raid on the North East Coast August 1916’ and notes that she was presented with it on 26 October 1918 by the Duke of Northumberland. STOREY, Maggie LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage and high example in extinguishing a dangerous fire at an explosives factory under exceptionally risky circumstances’. STREADER, Richard LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage in helping to subdue a big fire at a sawmill, at great personal risk’. STRICKLAND, Mabel, 7650 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the 3rd Battalion Essex regiment at Felixstowe (TNA ref: WO 162/65). STUART, Peter Joseph LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in the maintenance of military railway traffic in India in connection with the War’. STUBLEY, Ernest LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in remaining at his post in circumstances of considerable danger in order to safeguard the works’. 258 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 STUDHOLME, Robert LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage and resource in preventing a serious explosion at an explosives factory’. SUMNER, Albert Henry, Fireman, Kodak Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Frank Hance (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49; 1992b: 45; see also Coates, 1991) notes this award as probably being for rescue work at Lamb’s Conduit Passage, Holborn, WC, following the Zeppelin raid on 8 September 1915. SUR, Brigendra Nath LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. SUTCLIFFE, Ellen, 11015 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the RGA Cadet School at Uckfield (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/283 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, it records Sutcliffe received her medal: ‘for good services rendered October 1916 to demobilisation of Corps’. SUTCLIFFE, Gilbert George, Inspector, Engineering Dept, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘Rendered valuable service in the construction and maintenance of telephones under fire’. Sutcliffe, from 25 Mount Shannon Road, Kilmainham, Dublin, received his medal from the Earl of Meath, who presented this and other medals on behalf of George V, at a ceremony at the Armoury Hall, Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, Dublin, on Saturday 6 April 1918 (Weekly Irish Times, Saturday 13 April 1918, p.3). SUTCLIFFE, John George LG (7 July 1920, p.7312): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as 30 Halifax Road, Todmorden, Yorks (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). SUTCLIFFE, Robert, 1081 S/Sgt, Army Pay Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. SUTHERLAND, John Alexander, Inspector, Engineering Department, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty, entailing work of a most trying character’. SUTTON, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For courage and high example in performing dangerous duties although several times severely injured’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). SUTTON, Stanley George, 6446360 A/Sgt, Royal Fusiliers LG (15 March 1921, p.2171): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. Sutton’s award was for bravery during an ambush at Grange, near Bruff, Co Limerick, Ireland, on 8 November 1920. Sutton was later wounded at the Millstreet train ambush on 11 February 1921. Missing the investiture in Dublin on 21 March 1921, Sutton was informally presented with his 259 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE medal on 14 October 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; J P Kelleher The 1st Battalion Royal Fusiliers Ireland 1920-1922, London: Fusiliers Museum, 2003, p.10). SWABRIDGE, Cissie LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and presence of mind shown at an outbreak of fire in a munitions factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/284 (where her name is recorded as ‘Cecily Marion Swabridge’). SWAFFIELD, Philip John LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a fire at a munitions works. His prompt action in entering a burning building in spite of acid fumes undoubtedly saved large quantities of valuable stores’. SWAN, Kate, 10952 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). SWANSTON, Kate Menzies, 4682 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/285. SWIFT, Richard LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. SWINYARD, Annie, 15396 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the RGA Cadet School at Uckfield (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/286 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph notes the medal was for ‘services rendered’ between 27 August 1915 until discharged on 19 December 1919. SWITHENBANK, John William, YMCA Worker LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion in carrying out his work at great personal risk’. Curiously, Swithenbank had been previously awarded the MBE as a YMCA Leader with XVIII Corps ‘…for services in connection with the War in France, Egypt and Salonika’, dated from 1 January 1918 (LG, 15 March 1918, p.3290). Generally, the possession of the MBE (or higher grade of the Order) would have precluded the award of the Medal, this instance being perhaps the result of an oversight which produced a probably unique combination of medals. PROVENANCE: Swithenbank’s medals, consisting of the MBE (Britannia type), BEM and BWM (‘J. W. Swithenbank YMCA’), were sold by Warwick & Warwick, 14 December 2011, lot 142. SYKES, Herbert LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in testing aircraft in spite of severe accidents’. Sykes is pictured in Flight (17 January 1918, p.83) and in the Daily Mirror (12 January 1918, p.6), which noted that: ‘Testing new planes is the supreme touchstone of nerve in aviation. Here you see Mr William [sic] Sykes, who has a British Empire Medal for so doing. He is a Yorkshire man, as you may tell by his name, and has had a varied career. Once he was a printer, and then tried portrait painting – not the usual avenues to distinction as an aviator’. Sykes received his medal from Lord Ashcombe on Monday 29 April 1918 at the works of the Whitehead Aircraft Company, at which time it was noted that he had 3000-4000 flights and only one accident (The Times, 30 April 1918, p.3). 260 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 SYME, Lizzie Dundas, 820 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/287 (where her name is recorded as ‘Elizabeth Dundas Syme’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, the date 3 June 1919 is recorded. SYMONS, Walter William James, Shipwright Apprentice LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage and presence of mind in the rescue of a fellow-workman from drowning’. 261 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE T TABB, Samuel William, Acting Mate of Yard Craft, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage and skill in handling his tug in assisting to rescue a torpedoed merchant ship from a dangerous position in heavy weather’. TAIT, David Frederick, 39488 S/Sgt, Worcestershire Regiment LG (23 January 1920, p.966): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. TALBOT, Daisy, 18233 Asst Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Talbot enrolled in the QMAAC in December 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 1st Reserve HAC, Tower of London, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘An excellent and most invaluable worker, who has shown unselfish devotion to the Corps’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). TALBOT, Frank LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and high example in continuing at very dangerous work, although seriously injured on several occasions’. TALBOT, Joseph Edward LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere, even though suffering seriously from effects’. TALLIS, Benjamin, Skilled Workman, General Post Office LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty, entailing work of a dangerous and trying character’ (Civil Division ). Among the letters of congratulation Tallis received following the award announcement, one makes a possible reference to his service: ‘It is some little compensation for the wet feet and gas fumes on the briny’ (J S Brown of the Post Office Engineering Department, Docks Post Office, Southampton, dated 18 January 1919, to Tallis). Tallis was presented with his medal by the Lord Lieutenant of Southampton at the Town Hall, Portsmouth, at the BEM award ceremony there at 3.30pm on Saturday 31 May 1919. The Mayor and his wife entertained Mr and Mrs Tallis afterwards to tea in the Banqueting Room along with the other medal recipients. PROVENANCE: Tallis’s medals, consisting of the BEM and Africa General Service Medal with clasp Somaliland 1902-04 (6862 Sapr B. Tallis R.E.), and original award, congratulatory and other documentation, exist in a private UK collection (2011). Tallis, having served in the RE from 15 October 1900 to 14 October 1912 (which time included a spell in the Reserve), re-enlisted on 8 October 1914, only to be discharged on 22 November 1914 without WWI medal entitlement apart from the SWB. TANSOM, Alfred, Chargeman of Riggers, Portsmouth Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage and coolness in urgent salvage operations’. TAPP, George Raikes, Sergeant, R Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘The King has been graciously pleased to confer the Medal of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (Civil Division) upon the undermentioned members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘For courage and self-sacrifice in carrying out his duty as Sergeant in charge of the special crews manning the Observation Tower on Shooters Hill in which 262 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 capacity he never missed a duty and was on many occasions in considerable danger, the tower being frequently hit by pieces of Shell’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). The DNW catalogue of 20 September 2002 describes Tapp thus: ‘George Raikes Tapp was born in London in about 1873. In 1895 he was serving as a Sergeant in the Mashonaland Mounted Police, and rode with “C” Troop in the column that left Pitsani in the Bechuanaland Protectorate on 29th December of that year, and entered the Boer Transvaal Republic. The column, comprising 372 officers and men mainly drawn from the M.M.P., joined up with 122 members of the Bechuanaland Border Police on the following day. The force was commanded by Doctor Leander Starr Jameson and future history books would refer to the incident as the Jameson Raid. The invading force met with increasing Boer resistance until, after a running fight over 10 miles, they became effectively trapped by the Boers near Klipkopje and were forced to surrender on the 2nd January, having lost 25 killed, 37 wounded and a further 35 missing. Jameson and his senior officers were all sent for trial to London aboard the HMT Victoria, whilst the remaining 425 raiders were embarked aboard the SS Harlech Castle. When the Harlech Castle called at Medeira it was boarded by Detective Inspector Frank Froest, of Scotland Yard…, who formally arrested the 26 officers and 399 rank and file in what became the largest mass arrest in the history of British law enforcement. Jameson and his senior officers were subsequently tried in London but the remaining ‘raiders’ never faced trial. When the Matabeles rose in revolt in March 1896, followed by the Mashonas three months later, Tapp returned to Africa with the Matabeleland Relief Force and served in Rhodesia throughout the campaign of 1896 as a Trooper in “E” Squadron. Little else is known of George Tapp’s career until after the Great War when his name appears in the London Gazette as the recipient of the OBE Medal in 1920. He was then serving in “R” Division, which included Blackheath where Tapp lived and did duty. The Division contained a number of legitimate targets such as the Royal Dockyard, Woolwich Arsenal, the Artillery Barracks and the Royal Military Academy, and accordingly was subjected to a number of air raids by Zeppelins and Gotha bombers. Hence it is possible that Tapp’s award arose out of some act of gallantry during this time but this cannot be proved. The medals were presented to these 46 deserving Special Constables by the Prince of Wales at Olympia on Tuesday 1st February 1921 in front of a parade of 1200 Specials. Sold with further research, including correspondence with the National Archives of Rhodesia from the early 1970s’. PROVENANCE: Tapp’s Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Civil Division), unnamed as issued, together with his British South Africa Company Medal 1890-97, for Rhodesia 1896 (Sergt., Matabeleland R.F.) a later replacement medal, bruising over rank, and a Special Constabulary Medal, GVR, clasp, The Great War 1914-18 (Sergt. George R. Tapp), was sold at DNW on 20 September 2002, lot 48, GVF, £520 (hammer price). An unattributed group of miniatures (that may have been Tapp’s), consisting of a BSA Co. Medal for Rhodesia 1896, QSA, 1 clasp, Special Constabulary LS, and Medal of the Order of the British Empire, were sold at DNW on 7 April 1994 as part of lot 345, £240 (hammer price). TASSELL, Guy, Acting Captain, Faversham Volunteer Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Fire accompanied by many explosions at the works of the Explosives Loading Co, Faversham, 2 April 1916: I have seen the Mayor of Faversham and he strongly supports these recommendations. Mr Tassell with his Brigade worked all day in the danger zone, many explosions occurring near him. Mr Semark was also present with his Brigade. Mr Semark rolled filled shells already hot into the dyke; [he] removed cases of TNT from threatened buildings and stood close to a magazine filled with explosives and with sparks flying around it, handing up buckets of water to a man on the roof. Chief Officer Goode also worked untiringly in the danger zone and was specially distinguished by his successful efforts to prevent the fire spreading to a full magazine of TNT. He also rolled hot shells into a dyke. Mr Semark also assisted in removing injured persons from a house which was bombed early in 1918. The Cotton Powder Company have also submitted the names of three members of their Brigade [Foley, Epps and Sayewell]. Three Edward Medals were awarded at the time to the members of this Brigade, the three men who received the Medal being chosen by lot’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards were also made to Epps, Foley, Goode, Sayewell and Semark for this incident. 263 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE TAYLOR, A F, 301726 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). TAYLOR, Charles, Foreman LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Displayed great coolness and courage in carrying out vitally important repairs on the occasion of a fire at a national filling factory whilst a large number of shells were exploding in the immediate neighbourhood’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory (see TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). TAYLOR, Edith Grace, 919 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/289. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Taylor is noted as having been attached to the 1st Advanced MT Depot at Abbeville, being MID in November 1918 and conferred with her medal in June 1919. TAYLOR, Ethel LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and presence of mind in retaining her hold on a tray of detonators when one had exploded and blown off her thumb’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/290. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Taylor notes that the: ‘Accident happened on 2 July 1918 by carrying a tray of detonators. One exploded taking part of my thumb, in spite of which I still held the tray’ and records the date of the presentation as being 8 April 1919. TAYLOR, Eva, 20542 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. TAYLOR, Frederick Francis LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in fighting a fire at great personal risk while many bags of explosives were being removed’. TAYLOR, James Percy, 7813889 Pte, Machine Gun Corps LG (21 April 1921, p.3175): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘On 19 January 1921 a car containing an officer, Private Taylor and the driver, was ambushed and ran into a ditch. The party were [sic] attacked by the rebels and this man showed the greatest coolness in covering his officer who is lame, whilst the driver obtained assistance. He then assisted the officer to make a difficult and arduous journey back to camp’. Taylor received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). TAYLOR, Joseph, Schoolkeeper LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when he averted panic among a large number of persons who had taken refuge in the school’. TAYLOR, Richard, Fireman, Factory Fire Brigade LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Displayed great courage and resource on the occasion of a severe explosion at a national filling factory’. The award was for bravery on 1 October 1917 following the explosion at the Morecambe National Shell Filling Factory. In the subsequent inquiry Taylor 264 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 gave the following statement: ‘I was fireman on duty at the Magazines last evening, Monday 1st October. I went on duty at 5.30pm and as far as I could see nothing happened until about 10.27[pm]. A fireman named Ingleson came to relieve me for supper time. He went down to the runway but hurried back and said there was a fire. I looked out and saw the No. 6C Unit was on fire. I told him to go to 15 Change House and telephone down to the Fire Station. I jumped the runway and ran out three lengths of hose and played on the building. Before Ingleson came back I got another fireman to help me. I left him in charge and got the hydrant out between No. 5 and No. 6 Unit and when I got there some men were running the lengths out and they handed the branch to me. I left them and got through the second stemming house and then got to 6B and was playing on the melting house when the first explosion took place. This seemed to be about 10.45[pm]. In the first explosion I received a knock on the head from some flying glass I think it was. I received the full force of the explosion and the fire began to spread very rapidly. I agree with witness, Wheeler, that the flying charred wood was the cause of other fires. The later explosions became more violent and the second explosion appeared to me to come from downstairs from the stemming room. I took cover under the safety wall of No. 5 Unit. After that I got on the middle runway and came across a man named Topping who was helpless. I found him at the top end of No 6B. Topping looks after the special exit for mechanics etc, but not the work people. I carried him down to No. 12 Change House where I left him outside in charge of others. I went to 15 Change House and ran out two further lengths of hydrant. I saturated the runway and tried to play on No. 7C. It was too hot and I had to withdraw. After taking cover I opened another hydrant and played on No. 3 Exploder House and Box Room. That became too hot and I played on the Magazine with another hydrant. From there I opened the drenchers on the Magazines. Another Fireman, Stott, told me that there was an injured man named Dole, since died, near No. 1 Magazine and I went with Stott and carried him until we got assistance, and taking shelter at intervals, got to the main gates. I tried to get a nurse for Dole who was bleeding badly but could not find one at the Hospital, and an explosion at the moment blew in the hospital. Having got out I went back to Dole and ultimately put him in Major Sharpe’s car to be taken to a hospital. After this I took shelter but I did not know at what time until after waiting some time I was sent home by the Captain of the Fire Brigade’. The recommendation, which notes him as ‘Herbert’, states: ‘Herbert Taylor: fireman in the Factory Fire Brigade. On the fire breaking out he ran out hose and played on the fire; was blown over by the first explosion; assisted to remove the wounded; ran out more hose and played on one of the exploding houses, etc etc’ (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). TAYLOR, Samuel LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. TAYLOR, William, Assistant Inspector of Postmen LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. TEBBEY, David William, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at 65 Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. TEBBUTT, H LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Charge Chemists employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth]. These men were repeatedly burnt and gassed. By their devotion to duty they set a fine example to their subordinates’, his address being given asWellfield, Derby Road, Farmworth, Widnes (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). 265 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE TEMPLE, Albert Edward, Fireman, Broadstairs Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Benjamin Austin (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). TERRAR, Jacob Elias, Shell Filler LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and promptitude in extinguishing a serious fire and thereby preventing a disastrous explosion in a shell filling factory’. NOTES: Jacob Terrar (1887-1963), was the son of David and Ann Elias Terrar. They were a Welsh mining family and Jacob was employed as such for a time during his youth. He married Elizabeth Mears in Carmarthen in 1908 and together they had three children: David John (1908-1984), Esther Ann (1911-), and Edward Luther (1914-1998). Terrar served with the Carmarthen RGA Militia from March 1905 and joined the Army Reserve as a Gunner with the Royal Field Artillery in May 1908. Mobilised in August 1914, he served during World War One until discharged in May 1916 (being later awarded the 1914 Star trio for his services) and during this period while Terrar was at the Front his wife abandoned the family, leaving the children in the care of their paternal grandparents. Following his army service, Terrar then went to work in a shell filling factory (perhaps in Newport) and later as a dockworker. He married Eunice Mary Lewis in Cardiff in 1919 and together they had a further seven children: Victor Norman (1920-), Anita May Jane (1921-), Alban Hugh (1922-), Aeron Lewis (1924-), George Granog (1926-), Hilda Marion (1929-), and Gillian Robert (1938-). For further biographical details see: www.angelfire.com/un/familyhistory/te-html/dave-terrar.html TERRY, George LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in working continuously under circumstances of very great danger’. TESTA, Edwardo, Fireman, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for Samuel Walter Stiff (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). THACKER, Ellen, 9364 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Military Convalescent Hospital, Woocote Park, Epsom (TNA ref: WO 162/65). THADANI, Thakurdas Santdas LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. THOMAS, Miss F LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For courage and resource shown in preventing a serious accident in a filling factory, by which her health was affected’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Process Hand. Chosen for filling experimental shells or cylinders because of her reliability [at HM Factory at Middlewich]. On occasion prevented serious accident by turning off valve of chlorine main which had burst at grave risk to herself and health affected thereby’, her address being given as 10 Nantwich Road, Middlewich (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). She was presented with her medal by the Lord Lieutenant of Chester at a ceremony at Chester Castle on 20 October 1920. PROVENANCE: Thomas’s medal, named on the edge ‘Miss F. Thomas’, contained in its John Pinches case of issue, together with original letters from the Home Office and the County Palatine of Chester concerning the award, were sold at DNW on 9 December 1999, lot 894, NEF, £160 (hammer price). 266 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 THOMAS, George LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as Ravenshore, Holmeshore, Manchester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). THOMAS, Richard LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and devotion to duty in connection with the manufacture of poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from the Castner-Kellner Alkali Co Ltd at Runcorn, notes how Thomas: ‘Has been engaged as Assistant Chemist continuously for six months on the development of the process for manufacturing ‘H.S.’ from Sulphur Chloride. During most of that time he has suffered severely from conjunctivitis, at times being unable to see in bright light. Also he has suffered severely from blisters on all parts of the body. In spite of this he has never been off duty, has worked long hours day and night seven days a week and [has] taken serious risks to carry on the process successfully. He was continuously engaged on the process for six months and only gave up when the process stopped. His courage and devotion to duty were worthy of great praise’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). THOMAS, Robert James LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. THOMPSETT, May Esther, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Displayed exceptional courage and devotion to duty at a dangerous position during air raids and bombardments’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/291 (where her name is recorded as ‘E M Thompsett’). On the reverse of the latter photograph records Thompsett as based at the GPO at Dover. THOMPSON, Annie Elizabeth, 12710 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. THOMPSON, Dorothy Mary, 2940 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/292. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Thompson records that she was presented with the medal on 3 June 1919 and that it was: ‘for keen and conscientious work and devotion to duty as a clerk in No. 2 Base Supply Depot offices, Rouen, France’. THOMPSON, F B, 288193 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. The recipient is noted as ‘F P Thompson’ on the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). THOMPSON, George Frank, Charge Engineer LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For self-sacrifice and devotion to duty after an accident at an important electrical station, when he was badly burnt and almost blinded’. 267 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE THOMPSON, Harriet Katherine Louise, Lady Superintendent, St Clement’s House LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an air raid’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/294. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Thompson records her medal was awarded: ‘for courage and devotion to duty during an air raid when St Clement’s House Club, 20 Bolsover Street, was bombed and smashed up on the 19th May 1918. There were 80 women in the building, but there were no deaths and only one young girl badly hurt’; the date of bestowal is noted as 5 April 1918. THOMPSON, Harry, Inspector, Engineering Department, GPO LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For highly meritorious performance of duty, entailing work of a trying and dangerous character’. THOMPSON, Lucy Millicent, 343 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/293. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Thompson notes that she was MID on 8 November 1918, received her BEM on 3 June 1919, and that: ‘both the above in connection with services rendered (clerical and disciplinary) at the Advanced Mechanical Transport Depot, BEF, France’. THORLEY, Kate Evelyn, 376 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France (as 27639 Worker Kate E Thorley, see TNA ref: WO372/23). THORNE, Charles William, Engineer LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For perseverance and devotion to duty in trying circumstances, often attended by considerable danger’. THORNEYCROFT, Samuel George LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. THORNTON, Gertrude Bezzel, 7203 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the (TNA ref: WO 162/65). The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Fenham Barracks, Newcastle (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/295 (where her name is recorded as ‘Ophelia Gertrude Rozzell Thornton’ – which appears the correct rendering of her name according to data from www.ancestry.co.uk). THORPE, Samuel Veary, Charge Engineer LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage on the occasion of a steam pipe explosion in an electric power-station, when, at great personal risk, he prevented the damage from spreading’. THRELKELD, Reginald LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and self-sacrifice on the occasion of an accident at a filling factory’. 268 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 THRESHER, Constance Burnaby, 43609 Act Asst Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Thresher enrolled in the QMAAC on 27 June 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Connaught Club, a more specific draft noting she was: ‘Recommended for very conscientious and good work: this member has accepted great responsibilities in undertaking work of a very confidential nature for the Medical Controller, which normally falls to the lot of an Administrator. She has thoroughly earned promotion, but is so indispensible that it has not been possible to spare her in order to secure this’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). THWAITE, Emma Isabella, 19895 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. TICKNER, Thomas LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage and resource in dealing with an outbreak of fire at a filling factory’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Tickner (who was noted as being from Lewisham) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). TIDEY, William John LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in fighting a fire, caused by an explosion, at very great personal risk’. TIDMAN, Cecil Francis LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory’. TIDMAN, Miss Ida Gertrude, Chief Section Leader (Shorthand Typist), Women’s Royal Naval Service LG (9 MAY 1919, p.5776): ‘For services in connection with the War’. The Medal was presented to Tidman by the SNO at Grimsby on 16 July 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/296. TILLEY, Clara, 36446 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/297 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). TILLEY, Harry, Leading Mechanic, RNAS. LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and presence of mind in preventing an explosion at great personal risk’. Tilley was originally recommended for the Edward Medal by the Admiralty, though the Home Office argued that he did not appear to fall within the terms of that decoration’s warrant and they would instead put him forward for the Medal of the OBE (TNA ref: HO 180/6). TINGAY, Alfred, Second Officer, Ilford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at a munitions factory and a chemical works’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This Brigade were present at the following Air Raid fires and factory fires: 1 Wrecked Mission Hall, Chadwell Heath, 25 April 1916 2 Chemical Works, Bow Bridge, 19 May 1918 269 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 3 Burning enemy “Gotha”, East Ham, 20 May 1918 4 Chemical Works, Crows, Barking 5 Silvertown Explosion 22-27 January 1917 6 Chemical Works, Crows, Barking No. 1 was caused by Zeppelin bomb, attempts being also made by the same to bomb three railway stations in the Ilford district. Attended during a heavy bombardment. Fortunately there were no casualties with the wreckage. No. 2 commenced immediately after the raid, and Ilford Brigade was ordered to the scene under DORA 55b, travelling six miles under a heavy anti-aircraft barrage. No. 3 was attended by Ilford Fire Brigade from West Ham Fire Station, when “standing by” there under DORA 55b, the whole of the journey being made under a terrific anti-aircraft barrage, and enemy bombardment; the work of extinguishing the fiercely blazing machine being carried out under the same most trying conditions. One bomb dropped in the immediate vicinity at the time, and one live bomb found afterwards under the wreckage. No. 4 [involved] a large building thoroughly alight in close proximity to highly inflammable and dangerous liquids and material. No. 5 [the] Ilford Brigade [was] engaged day and night on various fires from and to dates given inclusive. No. 6 [involved] 14 tanks of Creosote oil, and a large quantity of pitch on fire, adjacent to inflammable and dangerous material. The Chief Officer was present at the first five and Engineer Harris at all six. Firemen W Tingay and R Morris at the last five. All the firemen with the exception of one man were present at Silvertown. The Brigade were asked to select the names of two men and have submitted those of Second Officer Tingay and Fireman W Tingay’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). TINGAY, William, Fireman, Ilford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires at a munitions factory and a chemical works’. See also the entry for Alfred Tingay (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). TITMAS, William James, S/18189 S/QMS (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for Egypt, was to be dated 3 June 1919. TOLSON, William Ernest LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and resource in helping to extinguish a fire at a munitions factory at great personal risk’. TOMLINS, Leonard LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as 24 St Bees Street, Moss Side, Manchester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323 and the entry here for Allan Armstrong Rosenblum). TOOKE, Cecil Edward, L 2/3321 AB, RNVR LG (15 February 1919, p.2357): ‘For valuable services whilst prisoners of war in Germany in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The Medal was presented to Took on 2 May 1919 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). Also awarded a 1914 Star and bar trio and Reserve LS&GC Medal as ‘Cecil A Tooke’ (TNA ref: ADM 171/129 and 71). TORVIK, Alford LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of a fire at an explosives factory in Canada, when he succeeded in fighting his way into a burning building in spite of dangerous fumes, in order to get at the fire’. 270 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 TOUGH, James Kemp, 1287 Flight Sergeant, Royal Air Force LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Tough served with the RFC in France from 26 September 1914 as an Air Mechanic (2nd class) and was awarded the 1914 Star trio for his services. TOVELL, Herbert, S/22454 B/Sgt (T/S/S-M) Royal Army Service Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. TOWNS, A, 155091 Sapper LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous services in connection with very dangerous experimental work, as a consequence of which his health has been affected’. The surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation reads: ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). TOWNSEND, Mary, 11083 Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at RGA Cadet School at Uckfield (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/298. TRASK, Joseph Henry, Special Constable LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in rescuing injured men from a burning and collapsed building at great personal risk’. TREBBLE, Walter, Skilled Labourer, Works Dept, Portsmouth Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For great skill and daring in the performance of difficult and dangerous work in connection with certain works at Portsmouth’. PROVENANCE: The Medal of the Order of the British Empire, named ‘W Trebble 1918’ on the rim, together with Trebble’s Egypt Medal 1882 with bar Tel-el-Kebir (PO 1832 Pte W Trebble, RMLI) and Khedives Egypt Star 1882, are known in a private South African collection (2011). TRICKER, Ellen Christine, 3499 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Moor Lane Camp (TNA ref: WO 162/65). TRIMMER, Alfred John, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at 65 Fenchurch Street, City, EC, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. TRINDER, Alfred Henry, Sub-Postmaster LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of a fire which broke out in a military camp shed in which were stored live bombs’. TRITTON, John LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For great courage and resource. He remained in a building filled with poisonous fumes to carry out a necessary operation at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘This man [age 46] is employed on the ‘H.S.’ Plant as a Process Worker at this factory, and has proved, under normal 271 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE conditions, to be a very willing and capable worker. On the night of 9 August 1918, when a spill of ‘H’ took place in the Reaction House he showed exceptional courage and determination in the face of danger. Owing to the spill of ‘H’ the Reaction House was full of ‘H’ fumes, and the Reaction Vessel dripping with ‘H’, but notwithstanding these dangerous conditions, Tritton remained to draw off the completed Charge, and start a fresh one. While thus engaged he was injured so badly that he has been, and still is, an inmate of the Bristol Infirmary. Previous to Tritton’s transfer to this factory, he was in the service of the Ministry at HM Factory, Litherland for a period of 18 months’; his address being given as 24 Spring Grove, Bootle, Liverpool (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also the entry here for Allan Armstrong Rosenblum). TRIVETT, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For great courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere although repeatedly burned and gassed’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Chemist employed on H.S. Plant [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], gassed and burnt on several occasions, but returned to carry out duties under most trying circumstances’; his address being given as c/o C.S.R. Co Ltd, 6 Connell Street, Sydney, Australia (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). TROTMAN, William, Engine Fitter, Devonport Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage on the occasion of the trials of a new submarine’. TROUT, Ella LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘While fishing, accompanied only by a boy of ten, she saw that a steamer [SS Newholm] had been torpedoed and was sinking. Though fully realising the danger she ran from enemy submarines, she pulled rapidly to the wreck, and succeeded in rescuing a drowning sailor’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/299. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Trout’s address is noted as Hallsands, near Kingsbridge, south Devon. See also R Milton & F Milton Sisters Against the Sea, Wellington: Halsgrove, 2005, and http://newtonabbot24.co.uk/the-story-of-hallsands-c589.html. TROWBRIDGE, Arthur, Clerk of Works, HM Office of Works LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For very conspicuous courage and devotion while in charge of works at a munition factory. For a long period he carried out very dangerous duties with complete disregard of his personal safety’. The Office of Works recommendation list notes Trowbridge worked in factories at Morecombe and Hereford (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). TUBBS, Arthur Harbert LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. TUPLING, Rebecca, 10501 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at ‘Kinmel Park, 49 OC, ASC’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). TURNER, Edward Beadon, FRCS, Inspector, F Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This officer rendered especially distinguished service on the occasion of an air raid upon London. He was once of the earliest persons to arrive at a spot, in Warrington Crescent, W, where a bomb was dropped at 11.50pm on 7 March 1918, and he gave medical aid to a number of persons who were injured by the explosion. This service was performed under conditions of great difficulty and danger, owing to the ruinous state of the houses, which Mr Turner entered in order to search for and attend the injured, some of whom were found to be imprisoned in the debris; to the fact that portions were falling from time to time, while other portions were on fire; and to the extreme cold and darkness, Mr Turner 272 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 who was then about sixty three years of age, continued his work and completed it at about 5am on 8 March 1918, though repeatedly warned of the danger, and shewed a fine example of courage and conscientious discharge of duties under exceptionally trying conditions. Attested 17 August 1914, and is still serving as Medical Office to the Division. Performed routine duties with great regularity, including duty as Sub-Inspector 6am relief. In addition, [he] gave courses of First Aid lectures to Officers and men of the Division; the value of which is shewn by the fact that about 96 per cent of his pupils passed the examinations of the Saint John Ambulance Association, and did good work under his leadership at air raids etc during the War’; Turner’s address is noted as 21 Westbourne Terrace, W2 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). TURNER, Henry, Fireman, Broadstairs Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Benjamin Austin (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). TURNER, Joseph LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For great courage and resource on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material at very grave personal risk’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 273 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE U UFF, Percy William LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and resource in helping to extinguish a fire at an explosives factory at grave personal risk’. UMPLEBY, Edith Annie, 2868 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. 274 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 V VALENTINE, Alfred Clifford George LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage and resource in dealing with a shell in which the top ring of the fuse had fired’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Valentine (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). VANE, James, Fireman, Kodak Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Frank Hance (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49; 1992b: 45; see also Coates, 1991) notes this award as being probably for rescue work at Lamb’s Conduit Passage, Holborn, WC, following the Zeppelin raid on 8 September 1915. VARLEY, Winifred, 41187 Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. VASEY, Daisy, 612 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. VASS, E LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in stopping a fire in an explosives factory at grave risk to his life’. VAUTIER, Clarence George, 5486823 Pte, The Hampshire Regiment LG (21 April 1921, p.3175): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘During an action on 20 February 1921 Private Vautier held a one man sniper’s post, in a very exposed position for over three hours being all the time under intermittent fire at a range of 20 to 30 yards, and succeeded in silencing the enemy fire and prevented them from forcing an entrance into the house which the Crown Forces were holding’. Vautier received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). VEALE, L L LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous service in performing highly dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). VENES, James Thomas, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Hughes Fields, Deptford, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. VENUS, Edith Emily, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Venus (who was noted 275 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE as being from Hackney) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). VERNEY, Mrs Grace Dorothy, Night Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/300. VICARY, Robert George LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage displayed on the occasion of an explosion. He continued to work, though permanently injured by the accident’. VICKERS, Miss Dolly Gladys LG (24 August 1917, p.8799): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The citation was reported in the Daily Mirror (Saturday, 25 August 1917, p.2) thus: ‘A fuse on which she was working exploded, burning her hand badly. She picked it up while it was still burning, carried it several yards and threw it outside the building, thereby preventing any danger of the other loaded fuses in the hut becoming ignited’. Two portrait photographs of this recipient are preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/301-2. An unattributed newspaper cutting, pasted on the reverse of the first photograph, reads: ‘FUSE HEROINE. A notable deed rewarded is that of Miss Dolly Gladys Vickers, who has had her hand burned by the explosion of a fuse on which she was working. She picked it up while still burning, carried it several yards, and threw it outside the building’, while the following text is written alongside this: ‘Sept 3, 1917. Dolly Gladys Vickers, MOBE, of 3 Carlton Place, Aberdeen Street, Birmingham, awarded the Medal of the British Empire, she saved many lives by picking up a shell which exploded near a pile of fuses filled with powder’. VIDLER, Thomas, J.18419 (Po) Leading Seaman, RN LG (4 February 1921, p.939): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered whilst Prisoners at Baku in promoting the welfare of their comrades’. The Medal was presented to Vidler by the C-in-C of Portsmouth Area on 10 August 1922 (TNA ref: ADM 171/61). See also TNA ref: ADM 188/683. VINCENT, Elise Primrose LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and resource in putting out a fire at a filling factory, although alone and in circumstances of grave personal danger’. VINING, Daisy Olive, Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For special services of a high degree of merit’. VITOO, Karoo LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. 276 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Top Left: Benjamin Tallis, General Post Office Top Right: Jacob Elias Terrar, Shell Filler, with his children, Esther, David, and Edward Bottom Right: Forewoman Cook Nellie Walcroft, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps 277 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE W WADDELL, Catherine, Nurse LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a fire at Oaklands Hospital, Clevedon’. WADDELL, William, Firemaster, Glasgow Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This Brigade was engaged at several fires of a specially dangerous nature due to war conditions. These occurred principally in ships containing explosives; the following are particulars of two of these fires: 1 Fire on board the SS Hazel [on] 10 June 1915: The fire was in a store adjoining the ammunition magazine, and when the Brigade arrived the ship’s crew were leaving the vessel as it seemed impossible to save the ship on account of the risk of the fire reaching the ammunition magazine. The Brigade however boarded the vessel, continued to fight the fire, and after about two hours extinguished it. About 60 members of the Brigade under Firemaster Waddell were engaged in this fire. 2 Fire on board the SS Ortega [on] 18 March 1918: In the hold of this ship there were about 1550 tons of Nitrate of Soda. On account of the serious risk the ammunition was carried ashore and removed from the vicinity. While the Brigade were fighting the fire there were several explosions among the cargo, one of them so serious that the manholes were blown clean off the deck. In addition, the fumes emitted were almost unbearable but the Brigade fought on and after about 8 hours’ strenuous and dangerous work they extinguished the fire. About 90 members of the Brigade under Firemaster Waddell were engaged at this fire. The Corporation state that they have great difficulty in singling out individual members of the Brigade for recognition. Every fireman in attendance displayed courage of the very highest order. They realize that it is not possible to grant awards to all these men, but they are anxious that their devotion to duty should be recognized. In the event of awards being granted the Corporation would arrange to ballot them amongst the ordinary members of the Brigade. The Corporation were informed that three names might be selected and the following names have been selected by ballot: Thomas Girvan, Alexander Greig and William Smith’ [these being in addition to the three officers: Waddell, Ritchie and Fairley] (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Waddell had been awarded the KPM in December 1915 for 32 years’ service and gallant conduct on various occasions (see Farmery, 1995, p.38). WADE, William John, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WADEKAR, Trimbak Narhar LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in the maintenance of military railway traffic in India in connection with the War’. WADY, Charles Henry, Company Sergeant-Major, GL (IWT) LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘As master of a deep sea tug displayed zeal, courage and loyalty in the performance of duties of an arduous and dangerous nature’. WAIN, Mabel, 6183 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA 278 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/304. WAKE, Charles Albert, 25583 Acting Experimental Quartermaster-Sergeant, RHA LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For great courage and resource in dealing with accidents at a munitions experimental station’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WAKEFIELD, Eliza Florence, 8066 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Bostall Heath Camp (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WAKEFORD, James, Foreman, AOD, Woolwich LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘Rendered very valuable service on the occasion of a fire at Woolwich Arsenal, in the course of which his right hand was severely burned’. WALCROFT, Nellie, 3158 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at The Hall at Bushy, a more specific draft noting she: ‘Showed invaluable powers of organization and discipline when the Depot Hostel was first opened, and has always instilled loyalty and obedience in those under her’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). Walcroft received her medal from the Consul General in New York on 1 November 1920. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/305. On the reverse of the latter photograph, it records that Walcroft: ‘organised and trained the kitchen staff of Connaught Club HQ from June 1917 to May 1919’. NOTES: Ellen ‘Nellie’ Walcroft was born on 9 December 1875, the daughter of John and Rebecca Walcroft, and lived in Maidenhead, Berkshire. As a young adult Nellie was in service and in 1912 decided to emigrate to the USA, where her sister (Mrs Lucy Land) lived at Ruddington Farm, Mamaroneck, New York. Travelling out from Southampton on the ill-fated Titanic, Nellie was fortunate to survive and recounted her experiences in the Maidenhead Advertiser (Monday, 29 April 1912) thus: ‘Sir, I am sending the account of my journey on the Titanic thinking that it will interest those at Maidenhead whom I know. I left Maidenhead on April 9th., stayed in London and caught the special train to Southampton at 8.30 on the morning of April 10th. My sister and a friend saw me off. After a splendid quick run we arrived at Southampton Dock Station at 10.15. Looking through the window I saw the largest ship I had ever seen, the sun was shining on it and it was magnificent, everyone was going over the ship and it was greatly admired. The bell rang and all the visitors left the ship. Then we started to the hand waving of thousands of people. We left the docks. We did not know about the near collision we had until we arrived this side. We arrived at Cherbourg at 5 o’clock and at Queenstown on Thursday morning; we had a perfect trip. On the Sunday night we went to our stateroom about 10.30. We had not been asleep long when suddenly a crash came and I was nearly thrown out of my berth. I woke my friend, Miss Clear Cameron, who did not hear anything unusual and then I heard the noise of footsteps along the corridor. I waited very anxiously to hear what was the matter because the engines had stopped. Immediately the Steward came down and said: “Go back to your beds. No danger!” But I heard whispering of icebergs and then suddenly we heard very loud hammering as if they were closing heavy iron doors. Five minutes after the steward came down and said: “Go back to your beds! No danger!” Oh what a relief, but a few minutes later he came in and said: “Will you dress and go on deck with your lifebelts on as quickly 279 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE as possible, it’s only a precaution” My friend and I dressed. There were full instructions how to put the lifebelts on in the stateroom, but we were too nervous to stop to read them. People were going up on deck so we both went, carrying our belts from E deck. A man took the lifebelts from us and put them over our heads and tied them on. The order was for women and children to go on the lower deck but there was such a lot he told some to go up on the boat deck, so we went. We walked round, thinking there was no hurry when suddenly rockets went up! We then began to realise the danger we were in. Boats were lowered, there was room for two more in boat 14 which I think was the last but three to leave the ship. Immediately the order was given to lower the boats we began to descend. There were 58 women and children but only about three to row when going down. There was no man in charge and 5th Officer Harold Lowe jumped on our boat and gave the orders. Some men in the Steerage were going to spring in and he threatened them with his revolver to shoot the first, knowing that another one would buckle up the lifeboat. He shot twice, but only at the side, so that the men, who were panic-stricken in the steerage should know it was loaded and that he meant what he said. When from below the shouting “Stop lowering No. 14” was heard, we were being dropped onto a lifeboat, they could not get away from the side of the ship. At last they did so the men lowered our boat. One side worked better than the other and the ropes on one side did not act so the officer gave the order to cut the ropes and the boat fell some distance and then we got safely away from the ship’s side. It was a lovely starlight night, but not light enough for us to see who were in the boats. The officer told the men to lay on their oars, so as to be handy later on. We did not seem to be long on the water. We could see the ship gradually going down, but all the lights were on, when suddenly two terrible explosions took place. The ship seemed to go forward and then split in the middle and then there were two more explosions that seemed from underneath the water. No more could be seen of that grand ship; all was silent for a moment and then the cries of 1600 men. All were crying for help; it was terrible. I should think the cries must have lasted two hours, or even more and then the day dawned and we could see about six large icebergs. Each looked as large as a house and all the time the cries of the drowning were getting fainter. Then Officer Lowe wanted to go back to the rescue, but the women begged him not to go. He got about four boats together and distributed his passengers amongst them as many as he possibly could and then went back to the rescue. I believe they rescued six alive from that raft; the others had all died from exposure, as it was intensely cold. The boat I got in was No. 10. There had been six picked up but one man was mad. He shook the boat and we were afraid it would capsize. Two men revived but they were terribly frozen and two were dead and fell into the water at the bottom of the boat. Several times we thought we saw the lights of a ship, but no. Then we saw the lights of the Carpathia. We tried to shout for joy but it was a poor noise. My friend, Miss Clear Cameron, took an oar and the sea was getting much rougher and several of the passengers were very sick. By this time the cries of the drowning had ceased and the men rowed as quickly as possible. We wondered if ever we should get to it; our boat had about two feet of water in it, although we baled out all the time. Every wave we thought would swamp us and the wreckage was sailing down right in our course. We got safely over that but when the boat was so deep in the water we were pulled back to lie at the end of the boat. Oh, that last hour’s row with hope in sight! When we got to the Carpathia we were helped up with ropes. The kindness of the Officers and crew we shall never forget. They took us all along to the saloon and gave us neat brandy. The women were brought in screaming on account of children they had lost. Some of the children got separated from their parents and others looked after them. Those we had said good-night to on the Titanic on the Sunday evening we shook hands with on the Monday at a quarter to seven, that was the time we were picked up by the Carpathia, thanking God for our safety. All the boats were not in, so we went up on deck and watched the others coming up. Quite near the Carpathia were quite large icebergs and ice about 12 miles long, broken ice, it was a most imposing sight. I went to the wireless operator, who was very kind and 280 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 promised if possible, to get a wireless through to tell Mother I was saved, but he was unable to do so, having so much to do. The men on the Carpathia had the message from the Titanic to say it was sinking and the Captain had every member of the crew up at one o’clock to prepare for all the survivors of the Titanic. No one could have been kinder. We tried to sleep that night on the tables in the saloon but it thundered and lightened all night. How thankful we were that it was not the previous night! We were so glad when the news came that the Captain was going to New York! We had fog and rain nearly all the way until we got to Sandy Hook, when the Pilot and several more steamers came out to meet us. When we arrived at New York it was about 8 o’clock and the steamers all round were making flash-light photographs of the Carpathia and passengers and the reporters kept shouting at us for news. When we arrived at the pier we did not know that we should be allowed off the ship, but the gangway was put up, and having no customs to go through, having lost everything, we were allowed ashore. There were gentlemen from the Stock Exchange, Sisters-of-Mercy and ladies to meet us. We felt very dazed and strange. They took us and gave us necessary clothes and then I met my brother, and very glad I was. They took us to a cab and we were ‘Flash-lighted’ going along; 70,000 people were waiting, roped off, to see us. How glad we were to get to my sister and have a wash and go to bed again. Everyone is very kind to us. There were 36 women saved whose husbands were left on the Titanic. It was fearfully sad when they knew their husbands had gone. They had hoped to meet them in New York. When they were told that no more had been picked up they were in a terrible state. How much more fortunate were my friend and I than so many other poor things! Yours faithfully, Nellie Walcroft Mamaroneck, New York. April 23rd. 1912’. Nellie Walcroft returned to Britain around the beginning of World War One and served with Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps from 14 July 1917 as a forewoman cook. Her younger sister, Kitty Walcroft (born in 1894), also served as a Worker (no. 39494) in the QMAAC and died on 14 February 1919: her bronze Memorial Plaque is in a private UK collection. Nellie Walcroft went back to the USA after the war aboard the SS Adriatic in October 1919. The Foreign Office sent the medal to the British Ambassador in Washington on 2 September 1920 for him to present to Walcroft, her address at that point being noted as Stonyhurst, Great Barrington, Mass. Walcroft received the medal from the British Consul General in New York on 1 November 1920. Walcroft died in the USA sometime after World War II (TNA ref: FO 372/1532/T10078 and T14267; see also www. encyclopedia-titanica.org). WALKER, Annie, 6648 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. WALKER, Eva Minnie, 16307 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the MT Depot at Shortlands (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/306. WALKER, John LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. 281 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE WALKER, Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in continuing to work in an explosives factory under circumstances of grave danger’. WALKER, Richard Thomas, Superintendent, Church (Lancs) Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On 27 April 1917 at 4.37am an explosion occurred at the Cote Holme Chemical Works where picric acid was being made on a Government contract for military purposes. The Church Fire Brigade received the call at 4.50am and were at the works at 5am and were continuously engaged until 11am and at intervals through the day. Although there was not a further explosion, the first explosion had loosened the roofs of the 17 adjoining magazines containing some tons of picric acid and there was considerable risk of the picric acid being fired by sparks and burning fragments from the fire’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards also to Schofield and Riley for this incident. WALL, Ernest LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For two acts: of courage and self-sacrifice in clearing a choked acid main, and on the occasion of a fire in an explosives factory’. WALLACE, John M, Electrical Fitter LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage, initiative and devotion to duty in trying circumstances’. WALLACE, Lilian Blanche LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage displayed during a time of great danger in a filling factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/307 (where her name is recorded as ‘Lillian Wallace’). WALLACE, Mary Jane, 4958 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the RE Officer Cadet Battalion at Kelham Hall, Newark (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WALLER, Arthur James, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at South Vale, Blackheath, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. WALLER, George, Fireman, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for George Henry Watson (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WALLER, Margaret LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage in helping the injured on the occasion of a serious explosion in a filling factory. She was severely cut by falling glass, but remained at work until she had to be taken to hospital’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/308 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). WALLIS, Ernest John, Assistant Commander, E Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘…members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘Joined as Constable 282 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 in August 1914 and passed the various grades, attaining his present rank of Additional Assistant Commander in November 1918. Has performed in all 1117 duties and was and is most popular with all ranks. He has also done good work on the social side and is still a daily worker in the Division. He was present without exception at all Air Raids, and at Theobald’s Road on 8 September 1915 was prominent in his endeavours to recue a Fireman who lost his life. At the Raid which occurred on 13 October 1915 he helped to remove the bodies and injured people from the devastated public house in Wellington Street. He further did most useful work in taking a squad to the market, getting two long ladders and placing them at each end of the street, thereby forming an efficient barrier, and at the same time releasing many men for other duties. But it was at the Raid which destroyed Messrs Odham’s printing works on 28 January 1918 that this officer did much excellent work at great personal risk. He entered the burning building several times when three other men, who are made the subject of further report, and removed the dead and dying. He was eventually caught himself and extricated by Serg[ean]t Heffer. I have great pleasure in recommending this officer, and do so knowing he is thoroughly deserving of recognition’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WALLIS, Walter Sidney, 1853394 Sergeant (Acting Company Sergeant-Major), Postal Section, Royal Engineers LG (1 January 1923, p.8): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Cassell (1986) lists this award as being possibly for bravery in Ireland. PROVENANCE: The Medal of the Order to Wallis, together with his 1914-15 Star trio (30742 Spr/ Sgt, RE) and Imperial Service Medal (GVR, ‘Ind. Imp’ type), are in a private UK collection (2011). WALMSLEY, Johnston, 63801 Sergeant, Royal Irish Constabulary LG (1 January 1923, p.10): no citation published. Award to be dated 28 December 1922. Walmsley was born in Fermanagh on 1 November 1888 and was appointed to the RIC on 18 May 1908. Posted as a Constable to Belfast on 1 April 1910, Walmsley was promoted to Sergeant on 1 March 1918 and gained a 3rd class Favourable Record and one guinea on 29 May 1920. He was discharged on 31 May 1922 on the disbandment of the force. Walmsley received the KPM in the same gazette as his BEM (TNA ref: HO 184/33; LG, 1 January 1923, p.13). WALTON, Emily, 4300 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Norwood (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/309. WARBURTON, Julian LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘... in recognition of meritorious services whilst in command of Police details employed on the line of communication during the Marri Expedition, 1918’. WARD, Amelia Jane, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids and bombardments from the sea’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/310. On the reverse of the latter photograph records Ward as being based at the GPO at ‘Gt Yth’ (presumably Great Yarmouth). WARD, Daniel Vincent, Inspector, Engineering Dept, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘Displayed courage and resource while Controlling Officer in a neighbourhood exposed to many bombardments by sea-craft and aeroplanes’. WARD, George Frederick LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘For courage in shutting off outlet master valve of a gasholder, during a fire caused by explosion, at serious personal risk’. The Daily Mirror (14 May 1918, p.1 and again on 283 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 16 May 1918, p.8) published a small picture of him, possibly taken when the Duke of Wellington was presenting BEMs at Portsmouth Town Hall in May 1918. WARD, Nellie, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.480): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Ward (who was noted as being from Lambeth) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). WARDEN, Elizabeth, 9721 Asst Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Beaumaris (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WARE, Edward Samuel, Superintendent, Accrington Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7313): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a chemical works’. Two original recommendations for the award survive, the first stating: ‘Serious explosion of Picric Acid at Messrs Blyth’s Works at Cote Holme Church in April 1917: Superintendent Ware was fully conscious of the explosives being on the site and although the doors of the magazines had been destroyed by the explosion, he fearlessly worked among them and accompanied his firemen so as to effectually prevent the spread of the fire. Large quantities of the explosives were stored on the site but this owing to the efforts of the Brigade were saved’; while the second notes: ‘Serious explosion of picric acid at the Cote Holme Chemical Works – 27 April 1917: Although there were no further explosion after the arrival of the Brigade, considerable danger was involved as the first explosion had loosened the roofs of the adjoining magazines containing picric acid and there was danger of further explosion from the sparks which were flying about.’ The Brigade Authority was asked to select the names of two men, in addition to the Chief Officer. They suggested in reply that in addition to the medal for the Chief Officer a second medal might be awarded to the Brigade collectively. On being informed that it was not possible to carry out this suggestion the names of Second Officer Frank Barnes and Third Officer James Roberts were selected by ballot, but all the men appear to have rendered services of equal merit’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WARNER, Dorothy Emma, 6168 Quarters Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 67th Division Train, RASC, at Colchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/311. WARREN, George Salt Marshall LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For great courage and presence of mind at an Ordnance Store. He broke down a stack of ammunition to get at an ignited bomb and carried it to a place of safety’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WATERMAN, William George LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For great courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory’. WATERS, Harry Alfred, Second Officer, Gravesend Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty at fires caused by hostile aircraft and in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. See also the entry for Arthur George Martin (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). 284 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 WATKINS, Emma Wenceslia, Assistant Mistress (Infants’ Department) LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Displayed very conspicuous courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when a bomb burst in the classroom in which she was teaching’. The Daily Mirror noted the award (14 June 1918, p.2). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/312 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). On the reverse of the latter photograph it records the award was: ‘For very conspicuous bravery and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid when a bomb burst in the classroom in which she was teaching’ and notes it was a daylight raid on 13 June 1917, the bomb(s) striking Upper North Street LCC School (Infants), in Poplar E. PROVENANCE: A BEM (Civil Division), in case of issue, unnamed but with original documents, was sold at Spink, 22 April 2010. lot 38, FDC, £1,150. WATSHAM, Albert Victor, S/7161 L./Cpl (T/Sub-Condr) Royal Army Ordnance Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.964): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. WATSON, Edward William LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. WATSON, Frances Mary LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage on the occasion of a serious explosion and assisting a fellowworker to escape at great personal danger’. Two portrait photographs of this recipient are preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under references DEC 6/313-314 (where her name is recorded as ‘Miss Frances Watson’ and ‘Miss F M Watson’ respectively). On the reverse of the former photograph Watson’s address is recorded as 16 Keswick Street, Laisterdyke, Bradford, Yorkshire, while the latter notes that Watson: ‘lost use of right hand in an accident at Chemical Works, Wyke’. WATSON, Frank LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage in removing a large quantity of high explosives during a fire’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Watson (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). WATSON, Frederick, Fireman, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for Samuel Walter Stiff (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WATSON, George Henry, Second Officer, Ramsgate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an explosion on board a torpedo boat, and at a fire at an ammunition store’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This Brigade rendered distinguished service on three particular occasions. 1: Explosion on a Torpedo Boat in the inner harbour. The Brigade got to work on the flames, explosions of small arms ammunition taking place all the time. The Superintendent had been warned by the Commander of the danger of a further explosion at anytime in the forward magazine as the oil tanks of the vessel had burst and the contents were flowing over the top of that magazine. The Superintendent and a number of his men went on to the deck of the ship and after between thirty and forty minutes continuous work succeeded in sinking the bows and thus removing the danger. The following members of the Brigade were present at the above explosion: 2nd Officer Watson; Motorman Goodbourn; Firemen Holbrook, Goodwin, Waller, Hammon, Attwell, Palmer, Brewer. The circumstances of this fire were most trying, and the Chief Officer says there was nothing to choose between the men; the motorman in charge of engine escaped the terrible job the fireman had on the boat but he ran practically equal risk with those on board, for the pump was right 285 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 2: 3: alongside the destroyer and would have been blown to pieces if a further explosion had occurred. Explosion of an Ammunition Dump in Ramsgate Harbour by hostile aircraft. Whilst the Brigade were at work there were continuous explosions as shells, mines, depth charges, etc, burst. Debris and splinters of iron were being hurled in every direction. The Superintendent was hurled a considerable distance by one explosion and sustained a number of cuts and bruises. The following members were present at the above fire: 2nd Officer Watson; Motorman Goodbourn; Firemen Andrews, Coleman, Holbrook, Hammon, C Larkins, Palmer, Brewer, Pinkham, Waller, Attwell, Solly, Castel, and Coachman Nairne. This also was a very strong case. The men were working behind the low remnants of the walls of the building left standing and piles of debris, while shells, etc, were exploding all the time just the other side of this precarious shelter. Fire at the Ramsgate Gas Works caused by a bomb dropped by hostile aircraft on the gas holder: Work was concentrated on the upright girders of the holder to prevent them warping so as to allow the holder to sink gradually into its water bed. Had the holder become fixed there was a danger of a vacuum being created and a violent explosion ensuing. During the whole time the Brigade were at work enemy machines were hovering over head, and the danger was further increased by the falling shrapnel. The following men were present at the above fire: Third Officer Attwell; Firemen Palmer, Goodwin, Pinkham, Hammon, Hollands, and Motorman Goodbourn…’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). The Captain of the Brigade, Alfred Johnson, received the KPM for his services (see Farmery, 1995, p.59). WATSON, John LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage in attempting to rescue his foreman by entering an ash receiver full of carbon monoxide gas’. WATSON, Juliet Beatrice LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a serious explosion at a filling factory’. WATSON, Marion Francis [sic] 5193 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while she was based at the Receiving Depot at Gateshead (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WATSON, Percy G LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous service in performing highly dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WATSON, Thomas LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage in dealing with a fire at an explosives factory under circumstances of great danger’. WATT, Miss Ada LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage in continuing to work in an explosives factory under circumstances of grave danger’. The Daily Mirror published a picture of Watt receiving her award from the Earl of Lonsdale on 1 May 1918 at Carlisle, under the headline ‘Gretna girl heroines’ (3 May 1918, p.1; see also The Times, 2 May 1918, p.3). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/315 (where her name is recorded as ‘Ada Watts’). On the reverse of the latter photograph, Watt’s address is noted as Police Station, Port Carlisle, Kirkbride, Carlisle. 286 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 WATTS, Madonna, 36278 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Watts enrolled on 11 July 1917 in the Women’s Legion and later joined the QMAAC. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at the Winchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/316 (where her name is recorded as ‘Madonna A Watts’). WATTS, Minnie, 9978 Hostel Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Winchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/317. WEAVER, Edward A LG (15 January 1919, p.808): ‘For self-sacrifice and devotion to duty in continuing at his work in an explosives factory in Canada, although his health was seriously affected by poisonous fumes’. WEAVER, John Amos, Schoolkeeper LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of an air raid, when he averted panic among a large number of persons who had taken refuge in the school’. WEBB, Ethel Gwendoline, 7063 Acting Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/318. WEBBER, Albert, Detective Police Constable LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘On the occasion of an explosion on board the warship Baden he assisted in lifesaving at great personal risk from poisonous fumes’. Also awarded a KPM for the same act (see Farmery, 1995, p.67 for further details). WEBBER, Arthur LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage and resource in giving valuable assistance on the occasion of an explosion at an explosives factory’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Webber (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). WEBBER, Bessie, 35068 Asst Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Webber enrolled in the QMAAC in September 1918. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Windsor, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member has done very steady, conscientious work, has had a very good influence on the other girls, and has been most satisfactory’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, under her married name ‘Mrs B Dall’, under reference DEC 6/65. WEBSTER, Jean Ogilvie, 20436 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Haynes Park (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/319. On the reverse of the latter photograph Webster quotes her address as Ogilvie Cottage, Earlsferry, Fifeshire and the date of her presentation as 31 May 1920. 287 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE WEEKES, Florence Mary, 10737 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based with the AEF (TNA ref: WO 162/65). This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/320. On the reverse of the latter photograph, Weeks notes she received the medal at Kingston Barracks on 17 June 1920 and that she also received a citation on 26 July 1920 ‘signed by General Pershing for services rendered while at the American Central Record Office, Bourges, France’. WELLER, Alfred Albert, Sub-Officer, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Odhams Ltd, 93 Long Acre, WC, following the air raid on 29 January 1918. WELLER, Elizabeth, 22223 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. Weller enrolled in the QMAAC in December 1917. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Regent’s Park, a more specific draft noting that: ‘This member has given splendid service ever since she enrolled’ (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WELLS, Sarah Anne, 15374 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Summerdown Camp, Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, indexed as ‘Mrs L A Wells’, under reference DEC 6/322. The reverse of the photograph notes her as ‘Mrs S A Wells’ and gives the date 23 January 1920. WEST, Dorothy Kate, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. WESTBROOKE, A LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. WESTON, Alice, 607 Sorter, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. WESTROPE, Gladys, Nurse LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For courage and presence of mind on the occasion of a fire at Oaklands Hospital, Clevedon’. WESTWOOD, Percy James LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For great courage on the occasion of a serious fire at a filling factory’. WETHERELL, Arthur, Trooper, Canadian Army Veterinary Corps. LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Swam out to sea and diverted a floating mine that otherwise would have struck a stone groyne’. The award was approved by the Home Office on 22 April 1918 (TNA ref: HO 180/6). 288 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 WHALLEY, Joseph, 3847341 L/Cpl, 2nd Battalion, The Loyal Regiment LG (28 September 1921, p.7637): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (to be dated 25 August 1921). The original recommendation describes how: ‘At Castleisland on the night of 10 July 1921, when one of a party proceeding in relief of a curfew patrol which had been ambushed by rebels, Lance-Corporal Whalley behaved with courage and coolness. Receiving orders to attack a party of about thirty rebels holding a position in a churchyard, this NCO showed much skill and initiative in handling his party of seven men, routing the rebels and inflicting severe casualties on them. The complete success of the whole operation was largely due to the action of this NCO’. Whalley missed the investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 14 January 1922, having been discharged; his permanent address was noted as 35 School Lane, Upper Holland, near Wigan (TNA ref: WO 35/181 and WO 141/54). WHATTON, George LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage and resource in subduing a fire at imminent personal risk’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Whatton (who was noted as being from Lewisham) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). WHEATLEY, Charles Edward, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Hughes Fields, Deptford, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. WHEELER, Harold W, Lance-Corporal, London Volunteer Rifles LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For courage and devotion to duty during an air raid’. WHEELER, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. WHEELER, Minnie LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For courage and high example on the occasion of an air raid’. WHIBLEY, Dorothy Florence, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during an air raid’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/323. WHITAKER, Ernest, Fireman, Bradford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for James Scott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WHITE, Elsie Ellen LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage on the occasion of a fatal accident at a munitions factory’. WHITE, Ernest Frank LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage at an explosion at a filling factory when at great personal risk he saved an unconscious fellow-worker, and also gave the women warning to get into safety’. WHITE, Frances, 5299 Forewoman Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the 24th Tank Corps Officer Cadet Battalion at Winchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the 289 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/324 (where her name is recorded as ‘Frances E White’). WHITE, J LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘During a period in which he acted as an ambulance driver he incurred much personal danger, and was unflinching in carrying out his arduous duties’. WHITE, Jack LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For courage in performing dangerous duties at a filling factory’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WHITE, Mabel, 5294 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based with the 24th Tank Corps Officer Cadet Battalion at Winchester (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WHITE, Richard LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion in rescue work on the occasion of a Zeppelin raid’. The award was for gallant rescue work following the raid on 19 October 1917, with other Medals being granted to Drs Ernest James Berkley and Athol Raymond Moore, an Albert Medal being awarded to Frederick Wright for the same events (TNA ref: HO 180/6). WHITE, Robert Leonard LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage in remaining at his work after being very seriously injured’. WHITEHURST, Squire LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. WHITFIELD, Thomas Jefferson, 5764311 Cpl (A/Sgt), The Norfolk Regiment LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘On 4 April 1921, two bombs were thrown into a yard [of the Ulster Club, in Belfast] in which a guard in charge of this NCO was quartered. Serg[ean]t Whitfield picked up one of the bombs and threw it out of the yard when it immediately exploded. He then picked up the other bomb and threw it away but it failed to explode. His gallant action saved heavy casualties to the guard’. Whitfield received his award from the Cin-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93], which notes the incident as occurring on 14 April). PROVENANCE: Whitfield’s BEM and 1914-15 trio was sold at Glendining’s on 26 June 1951, lot 216. WHITNALL, Frank LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For courage and devotion to duty while working on poison gas under circumstances of grave personal danger’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, states: ‘This man [age 40] is employed at this factory as a Foreman Plumber, and has taken an onerous part in the construction of the ‘H’ Plant. In the initial stages when it was necessary to work abnormally long hours, he was unwearying in his efforts to accelerate the progress of construction. Now that production has begun, repairs have to be carried out under very trying conditions, and Mr Whitnall knowing full well the dangers of the plant, has personally shown determination and resource, and stimulated, by his example, the workmen under his charge to a like fortitude. In the course of his work he has suffered considerably from the effects of ‘H’, and 290 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 as a consequence of his efforts is still in a bad state of health’; his address being given as 9 Primrose Street, Bellevue, Manchester (TNA ref: MUN 7/553). WHYMARK, William Henry, 5485381 L/Cpl, The Hampshire Regiment LG (1 June 1921, p.4376): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. Awarded for services in Ireland. Whymark was due to receive his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921, but missed this and would not have been able to attend the subsequent investiture on 14 January 1922, due to his having been attached to No. 9 Fire Command, RGA, Portsmouth. He was instead informally presented with the medal on 17 December 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181). WICKERSON, Walter, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at South Vale, Blackheath, following the air raid on 25 August 1916. WIGGINS, James Richard, ex-Captain, Wembley Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward Cox (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WILDING, Emma Ann, Supervisor, Telephones LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For courage and devotion to duty during an air raid’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/325 (where she is recorded as ‘Miss’). WILKES, C S, 220294 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WILKINSON, Frank LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For courage in carrying out very dangerous work in a poisonous atmosphere’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On several instances these men, at considerable personal danger, carried out essential work in relieving H.S. run off pipes plugged with sulphur [at Messrs Levinstein Ltd, Blackley, Manchester]’, his address being given as 1 Norfolk Street, Rishton (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). WILKINSON, Mary Agnes, Telephonist LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘Rendered invaluable service at a telephone exchange on the occasion of a fire and serious explosion at a munition works close by, proceeding to her post through the danger zone at grave personal risk’. Noted in the Daily Mirror (9 January 1918, p.2). Wilkinson (later Mrs Cook) was recommended by the postal authorities at Lancaster, following the Morecambe National Filling Factory explosion at White Lund on 1 October 1917 (TNA ref: HO 45/10887/350619). The Lancaster Guardian (26 September 2007) reports she: ‘was blown off her bike twice as she was called to duty at the exchange in Cable Street. She stayed at her post for 24 hours…’ (www. lancasterguardian.co.uk). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/326. On the reverse of the latter photograph notes her address as 15 Cavendish Street, Lancaster. WILLIAMS, G R, 321695 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 291 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE WILLIAMS, J LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. WILLIAMS, John LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere in spite of injury to his health on several occasions’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘In charge of H.S. manufacture [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], several times gassed and burnt. The output of poison gas was only made possible by their untiring efforts’, his address being given as Gwynfa, Pontardulais, South Wales (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). WILLIAMS, John Elias, Sorting Clerk and Telegraphist LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For courage and resource on the occasion of a fire which broke out in a military camp shed in which live bombs were stored’. WILLIAMS, John Frederick, Doctor LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of an air raid in rescuing persons who had been buried in the cellar of a burning building’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘During a Zeppelin Raid in October 1917, he carried 4 people to a place of safety, who had been buried in a cellar. The premises were on fire at the time and debris was falling. He then worked from 11.30pm to 2.30am attending the wounded, placing them in the ambulance and searching for people buried in the ruins. He attended many air-raids and rendered excellent service’; his address is noted as 56 Camberwell Road, SE (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). The award is noted in the British Medical Journal (17 July 1920, p.97). WILLIAMS, Mrs Lucy, 12899 Forewoman Cook , Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the Receiving Depot for Overseas, Folkestone (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WILLIAMS, Miss Mary LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. The citation was reported in the Daily Mirror (Saturday, 25 August 1917, p.2) thus: ‘For intelligence and courage in securing the arrest of a man who had obtained entrance to a filling factory under suspicious circumstances’. WILLIAMS, R, 225089 Pioneer LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WILLIAMS, William LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For courage and devotion to duty despite breakdowns in health caused by working in a poisonous atmosphere’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WILLIAMS, William LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage and resource in extinguishing a fire under circumstances of exceptional danger’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Williams (who was noted as being from Woolwich) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). WILLIAMSON, G LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. 292 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 WILLIS, Joseph William, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 49) notes this award as being for rescue work at Southwark Street, London, SE, following the air raid on 13 June 1917. WILLOTT, Joseph, Sergeant, S Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This officer was attached to the Albany Street Station (Divisional Headquarters) from the beginning and has performed very special services. Living close to the Police Station, in addition to his regular duties as a Sergeant, he was constantly called by me at any hour of the day or night to perform important duties which often necessitated his riding many miles on his bicycle. He never failed and I cannot write too highly of the services rendered by him. As in the two previous cases [Ash and Cross], Sergeant Willott had his own business to keep going but never let it stand in the way of his police work’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WILLS, Lucy, 13001 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file, which gives her surname as ‘Wilis’, notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, while based at Aldershot Command (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’, indexed under as ‘Mrs L E Wells’, under reference DEC 6/321. The reverse of the photograph notes her address as 126 Desboro Road, Eastleigh; the date of the bestowal of the decoration as 3 June 1919 [sic]; that she was Supervisor Cook for two years at Chatham, eight months at Pirbright, 18 months at 19 OCB, and three months at Aldershot; and the award was ‘for doing my duty for King and Country’. WILLSON, Francis G LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For courage in continuing to work in a poisonous atmosphere in spite of injury to his health on several occasions’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘In charge of H.S. manufacture [at HM Factory at Avonmouth], several times gassed and burnt. The output of poison gas was only made possible by their untiring efforts’, his address being given as c/o C G Willson, 41 Craven Street, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323 which notes the recipient’s surname as ‘Wilson’). WILSON, Francis Charles, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WILSON, Lily Mary, 5859 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. WINTER, James, Inspector, Engineering Dept, GPO LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘Rendered special services in repairing wires under very dangerous conditions and was frequently under fire’. WISE, Joseph Thomas, Omnibus Driver LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during an air raid’. 293 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE WISE, Richard, Fireman, Watford Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Henry Morris Pratchett (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WISEMAN, Peter J LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For great courage in helping to remove a large quantity of explosive material during a fire at grave personal risk’. WITHALL, Thomas, Fireman, London Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty in the rescue of persons from buildings wrecked by hostile aircraft’. The LCC recommendation for the London Fire Brigade members lists the majority of candidates under this general citation, though a civil servant had added: ‘This list, I understand, is framed on the basis of including only persons who have risked their life in saving life’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Street (1992a: 48) notes this award as being for rescue work at Ilderton Road, Rotherhithe New Road, London, SE, following the Zeppelin raid on 7 September 1915. WOLFE, Julia Mary, 8453 Worker, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/327. On the reverse of the latter photograph Wolfe notes the award was: ‘for services in the QMAAC 1917-1919’. WOLSTENHOLME, Harry Bertram LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For great courage and resource. He remained in a building filled with poisonous fumes to carry out a necessary operation at grave personal risk’. The original recommendation for the award, from HM Factory at Avonmouth, which notes him as ‘H M Wolstenholme’, states: ‘Mr Wolstenholme [age 31], Chemist at this factory, distinguished himself on the night of 9 August 1918 by the pluck and determination he showed in dealing with the dangerous situation brought about by a spill of ‘H’. Working under great difficulty in a house full of ‘H’ Fumes, and on ground where ‘H’ was present, he succeeded with the assistance of Mr Gordon and Process Worker Tritton, to draw off the completed Charge and start a fresh one. He remained at his post until 1am when he was overcome by the effects of ‘H’ fumes and fluid, and had to retire to the Factory Hospital. It was due to the zeal and courage of Mr Wolstenholme, Mr Gordon and Mr Findlayson, and Process Workers Lynch and Tritton, that the damage caused by this accident was so promptly remedied, and working conditions restored. Mr Wolstenholme had been incapacitated owing to ‘H’ on two previous occasions, and the circumstances in this case makes his devotion to duty the more admirable’ (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also the entry here for Allan Armstrong Rosenblum). WOOD, Gertrude, Supervisor, Telephones LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘Displayed great courage and devotion to duty during air raids’. Lord Crewe, the Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, presented the medal to Wood (who was noted as being from Wandsworth) on Saturday 27 April 1918 at Green Park, London (The Times, 29 April 1918, p.3). WOOD, Herbert Henry Wright, Chief Inspector, J Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘This man was on the top of the Non-Conformist Church Tower, Palmerstone Road, Buckhurst Hill, on Observation Duty at every raid. The position was an exposed and quite unprotected one. He was on duty on the tower from November 1915 to the Armistice in November 1918. The post had to be manned continuously day and night, and he was the responsible office in charge. His total number of duties on the Tower being 580. His total duties as Special Constable being 1119’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). 294 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 WOODING, Annie Laurie, 4686 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at Camier (TNA ref: WO 162/65). WOODS, Arthur, Sub-Engineer, Folkestone Fire Brigade LG (11 November 1921, p.8928): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a transport in Folkestone Harbour in September 1918’. The Chief Officer of the Folkestone Fire Brigade initially wrote to the Home Office on 20 September 1919 that while his men deserve strong commendation, he was unable to single one out as having made a substantially more significant contribution than the others and thus made no recommendation. The Folkestone Town Clerk then wrote to the Home Office on 6 February 1920 suggesting the brigade receive a collective award, to be held by the Chief Officer, a suggestion that was declined, though the Home Office did then grant a BEM to the Chief Officer. The following year, the local Hythe MP, Sir Philip Sassoon, contacted the Home Secretary on 9 February 1921 recommending Arthur Woods for the Medal. The formal recommendation sent by Sassoon for the award states: ‘On the night of 24/25 September 1918, a fire broke out in the Transport Onward in Folkestone Harbour. On this occasion (the outbreak having probably been caused by a thermit or other type of incendiary bomb placed on board), owing to the insufficient supply of water through the mains on the Folkestone Harbour Pier to deal with such a furnace as existed on board, and the tide being too low to allow of pumping from the sea, the vessel had to be scuttled along side the quay. As she sank, however, she turned on her side away from the quay, this leaving several feet of one-side out of water, and in this the fire was still burning furiously. Sub-Engineer (now Engineer) Arthur Woods took a line of hose from the quay in a boat, and clambering on the hot side of the vessel in a dangerous position, played water through the port-holes, so keeping the fire in check until the tide rose sufficiently to completely extinguish it. This was witnessed by Admiral Yelverton Senior Naval Officer at Folkestone Harbour and by Mr W Romney, SE&CR Harbour Superintendent. As a result of the measures taken to deal with this fire, the damage to the SS Onward was sufficiently restricted to allow her to be eventually raised and salved. It is understood moreover, that she was subsequently sold by the Admiralty to the Isle of Man Packet Service. Engineer Woods was one of those recommended for the award of the Medal for rescue work after the Air Raid on 25 May 1917’. The latter rescue was noted in a report by the Chief Officer, dated 8 May 1920, thus: ‘On 25 May 1917… Engineer W H Woods, Sub-Engineer A Woods and Fireman S Chittenden rescued 2 women (one injured) from a wrecked house in St John’s Street; the house was in the occupation of Fireman Chittenden, who was on duty at the Headquarters Fire Station close by, when the bomb fell on his house. The rescues were effected within a few minutes after the bombs fell, and owing to the damaged condition of the buildings, were of course, at some risk to those engaged, and it was not known whether the hostile aeroplanes would return as they were at the time over the sea’. The Home Office noted that ‘it is not a very strong case’ but on seeking the Chief Officer’s opinion agreed to the award (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). See also the entry here for H O Jones and TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323. WOODS, T A LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For great courage at a fire at an explosives factory in Canada. He helped to save valuable records, and removed, at great personal risk, a large quantity of loaded fuses, while explosions were taking place’. WOODS, Zacry, Superintendent, Grimsby Volunteer Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire on board a vessel loaded with explosives’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On Sunday 13 June 1915, a fire broke out in the hold of HMS 87 where there was a large quantity of shells and explosives, and there was imminent danger of an explosion taking place. Several of the firemen were lowered with ropes with a view of locating the fire and breaking through the bulkheads with axes, so that water could be pumped direct on the fire. The men when doing this work had to be hung on ropes and were up to the waist in water. Owing to the special energy and courage shown by the members of this brigade the hold of the ship was flooded and a 295 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE very serious catastrophe averted’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). Awards also went to Greetham, Moore and Skelton for this incident. WOODWARD, Walter LG (24 August 1917, p.8798): ‘For services in connection with the war’. WOOTTEN, Aubrey Francis, Assistant Commander, V Division, Metropolitan Special Constabulary LG (12 October 1920, p.9886): ‘...members of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary for service in that Force during the War which has been distinguished by conspicuous courage or by exceptional zeal and devotion to duty’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘[He] commanded Epsom Section for virtually the whole period of the War. [He] organised [the] Observation Post and Tower on Epsom Downs; this was a very important link in the outer ring of defences and was worked night and day. Commander Paget was greatly pleased with it. Brought his Section to a high state of efficiency in drill; the Inspector-General of Divisions will, I believe, concur. [He] did most valuable work in connection with the countless ambulance parties from the Special Constables under his control’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). WOOTTON, Lawrence, 5999543 Private, Essex Regiment LG (18 February 1921, p.1361): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’ (Military Division). According to the DNW Auction Catalogue of 15 December 2011, lot 592: ‘On 10 October 1920 men from the Cork No. 3 Brigade IRA, commanded by Sean Hales, OC Bandon Battalion, ambushed Major Percival along with two officers and twelve men of the 1st Battalion Essex Regiment who were travelling in two Crossley lorries near Newcestown Cross, Co Cork. The patrol had completed a search of the local public house - a suspected IRA haunt and had just set off towards Castletown where other searches were planned. The lorries had travelled no more than 400 yards when they came under attack. Three men were wounded by a bomb thrown into the leading vehicle but the remainder sprang out into the road and drove off the IRA, the action being fought in pitch darkness. Two officers (Lieut R D F Robertson and Lieut Richardson) were killed and four other ranks were wounded in the action. For their services Major Percival was awarded the OBE, CSM Benton the MBE, and Private Wootton was awarded the Medal of the Order of the British Empire. These were amongst the first awards to be gazetted for the Anglo-Irish War of 1919-22. In pressing for the recognition of bravery in the war, Secretary of State Winston Churchill stated: “Why because they are shot down by Irish rebels and not by Mesopotamian rebels, should they be excluded from consideration”’. WORRICKER, Joseph Thomas, Fireman, Barking Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at a munitions factory’. See also the entry for Edward James Abbott (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). WORSDALL, Annie (Agnes) May, 681 Forewoman Clerk, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. This recipient also received the British War and Victory Medals for service in France. WRIGHT, Alfred LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For great courage shown on the occasion of what might have been a very serious explosion’. The covering letter for the recommendation for the award states: ‘The first two recommendations [Wright, a N/G Operative (clock no. 25090) at HM Factory at Gretna, and H B Coates] are made in respect of the behaviour of the two men at an occurrence in the Nitrating House, Hill 4, on 4 March last, a full account of which was transmitted to you in my letter 3a/175/E of 14 March 1918, marked for the attention of Mr Leighton, but I append to this letter a summary of the action upon which these recommendations are based’, though the enclosures referred to have not been located (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). 296 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 WRIGHT, Alice, 14472 Forewoman Cook, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes that Wright enrolled in the Women’s Legion on 4 May 1917 and transferred to QMAAC on 23 October 1917, her recommendation being submitted from the Officers’ Command Depot at Eastbourne (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/328. WRIGHT, Daisy Elizabeth, 1609 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. WRIGHT, Edward, Dr, Divisional Surgeon (Metropolitan Police) LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and devotion in attending to the injured on the occasion of an air raid’. WRIGHT, Elsie, 412 Forewoman, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders’. For the recipient’s WWI medal entitlement see TNA ref: WO 372/23. WRIGHT, George, Corporal, Expeditionary Force Canteens LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For devotion to duty in carrying on his work under difficult conditions, and frequently under shell fire’. WRIGHT, T E, 690650 Gunner LG (7 July 1920, p.7314): ‘For conspicuous courage in connection with very dangerous experimental work in a poisonous atmosphere, often causing great physical discomfort and ill-health’. This repeats the surviving Ministry of Munitions recommendation details. The Central Chancery sent the medal to the Foreign Office on 14 December 1920 for them to arrange its presentation through the British Ambassador in Washington. Wright’s address at the time was noted as Box 131, Sherman, Texas. Wright was presented with the medal at the British Consulate in Galveston in February 1921 (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323, FO 372/1536/T14330 and FO 372/1775/3142). WYATT, William James, Skilled Labourer (Stoker), Sheerness Dockyard LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For his self-sacrifice and devotion to duty in a time of danger’. Wyatt died suddenly two years later from heart failure, aged 64. Noting his death, The Times, stated his award had been: ‘for conspicuous bravery at his duty in Sheerness Dockyard during a German air raid’ (5 January 1920, p.9). WYNNE, Charles Alfred, 4380685 Pte, The Green Howards LG (17 June 1921, p.4887): ‘In recognition of gallant conduct in the performance of military duties’. The original recommendation, for services in Ireland, notes how: ‘Private Wynne on 2 May 1921 displayed the greatest gallantry and devotion to duty during an engagement [near Lackelly] lasting five and a half hours. His courage and disregard for personal safety materially assisted the success of the Crown Forces in beating off their attackers’. Loftus received his award from the C-in-C Ireland, General Sir C F N Macready, at an investiture at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, on 12 July 1921 (TNA ref: WO 35/181; see also Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1, p.61 [TNA ref: WO 141/93]). 297 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Y YARDLEY, Charles, Company Sergeant-Major, G L (IWT) LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘As master of a deep sea tug displayed zeal, courage and loyalty in the performance of duties of an arduous and dangerous nature’. YARROW, John Robert, 14818 S/Sgt (T/SM) Royal Artillery LG (23 January 1920, p.965): ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in the Field’. This award, for Italy, was to be dated 3 June 1919. YATES, Alice LG (11 June 1918, p.6899): ‘For courage and presence of mind at a fire at a munitions factory. Her prompt action prevented the fire from spreading’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/329 (where she is recorded as ‘Mrs’). On the reverse of the latter photograph Yates writes: ‘I was chargehand in a [illegible] filling factory 3 years in the [illegible] of loaded rings [illegible] had the experience of seeing quite a number of fires in my room which I shall never forget’. YEAKOOB, Ahmed LG (2 March 1920, p.2453): ‘...in recognition of meritorious services in connection with the production of Munitions and Materials of War in India’. YEOMANS, Walter, Fireman, Margate Fire Brigade LG (7 July 1920, p.7315): ‘For conspicuous courage and devotion to duty on the occasion of a fire at an ammunition store’. See also the entry for Samuel Walter Stiff (and TNA ref: HO 45/11016/377171). YERBURY, Ernest Allen, Clerk of Works, Office of Works, Greenford Gas Factory LG (7 July 1920, p.7315): ‘For very conspicuous courage and devotion while in charge of works at a munition factory. For a long period he carried out very dangerous duties with complete disregard of his personal safety’. The Office of Works recommendation list notes Yerbury worked in Greenford Gas Factory (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). YORKE, Agnes Maude, 6297 Waitress, Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps LG (23 January 1920, p.968): ‘...in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War’. The QMAAC recommendations file notes the award as being for ‘length of service and devotion to duty’, submitted while based at the 3rd Officer Cadet battalion at Parkhurst (TNA ref: WO 162/65). A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/330 (where her name is recorded as ‘Agnes M York’). YOULL, James LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For courage in saving the life of a fellow workman who had been rendered unconscious by foul gas’. YOUNG, Alfred Charles Wright LG (8 January 1918, p.481): ‘For great courage in rescuing workers from burning explosives shops at great personal risk’. YOUNG, Arthur LG (7 July 1920, p.7315): ‘For conspicuous courage and presence of mind. A box of signal cartridges caught fire in an occupied explosives shed. Young carried the burning box to a place of safety, and came back and removed another box which was also on fire’ (Civil Division). Young was employed 298 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 at the time as a civilian labourer with the Army Ordnance Services at the Ammunition Depot at Chittening. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘A box containing signal cartridges while being stacked in one of the occupied Explosive Sheds, was accidently dropped and took fire. Labourer Young seized the burning box, removed it from within the shed to a place of safety, and then returned and similarly removed a second box which had become ignited. The courage and initiative displayed by this man in thus removing the burning packages from the midst of the large number of similar boxes with which the shed was nearly filled, in all probability averted a most serious fire and danger to life’, while his address is noted as 2 Bland’s Cottages, New Passage, Pilning, near Bristol. The file is annotated by a civil servant at the War Office thus: ‘I have discussed the case of Young with Col Thomas, who says that Young ran very serious risks and undoubtedly displayed great courage. This seems to be a case for the Medal’ (TNA ref: HO 45/11071/380323). YOUNG, Mary Lennox LG (15 January 1919, p.809): ‘For great courage and resource on the occasion of a fire at a filling” factory’. A portrait photograph of this recipient is preserved in the Imperial War Museum’s ‘Women’s Work Collection’ under reference DEC 6/331. YOUNG, R I LG (7 July 1920, p.7315): ‘For great courage while employed on work of a dangerous nature and in a poisonous atmosphere, and for preventing a serious accident at the risk of his life’. The original recommendation for the award states: ‘On two occasions owing to the breakage of a glass tube on the C.G. Store Tanks [at the United Alkali Co, Gateshead], this man at great personal risk, shut off the valves in spite of the large escape of gas. At all times he has shown great devotion to duty’, his address being given as 86 Fitzgerald Road, Stoneycroft, Liverpool (TNA ref: MUN 7/553; see also HO 45/11071/380323). 299 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 300 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 RECIPIENTS FOREIGN NATIONALS 301 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Above: Memorial at Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège Left: Tir National Memorial, Brussels 302 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 A ABRAHAM, Paul, French Agent A French civilian, Abraham was Inspecteur Principal, Chemin de Fer du Nord: his award of the BEM (Civil Division) was dated 15 March 1920; this was cancelled when it was realised he had already received the MBE. His name however remains on the Central Chancery register (TNA ref: FO 372/1502/T2901; CC, 15.3.1920). AERTS, Alphonse, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by Captain Robertson, RTO at Brussels, noted he was: ‘Deputy Station Master, Gare du Nord, Brussels’, this being again brought to notice by Sir Francis Villiers, British Ambassador at Brussels, on 9 August 1920. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648 and FO 372/1517/T9337). AFCHAIN, Ferdinand, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Afchain’s address was noted as 27 rue de la Reine Blanche, Paris (13), France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from December 1914 to May 1916, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. Afchain was due to be presented with his medal in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/158240 and 166504, and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 17.10.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.14-21). AHMED, Abdel Mageed, 100 Nafar Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the Director of the Zoological Gardens and supported Lord Allenby for services in Egypt, thus: ‘This man acted as an NCO with the original hired Camel Transport Corps at Zagazig, Abu Sueir, Nefisha, Ismalia, Kanara and in the advance to Bir el Dueida. He volunteered for active service, and has received no pay, gratuity or other award whatever from the army’. The medal was presented to him at the Residency, Cairo, by the British High Commissioner on 28 March 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1507/T5006, FO 372/1515/T8762, FO 372/1517/T9588, FO 372/1518/T9902 and FO 372/1778/T5093; CC, 26.8.1920). AKBER, Ali, Mirakhor, Chief Gholam, HM Legation at Tehran A Persian subject, Akber was awarded the BEM (Civil Division) in August 1921 in recognition of his long and faithful service of approximately 50 years service in the legation at Tehran (TNA ref: FO 372/1763/T9205 and FO 372/1764/T10274; CC, 12.8.1921). ALAIME, Gustave, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Alaime was noted as being a teacher and as living in Pondrome-Beauraing, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘he fulfilled the role of observer [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] in the Beauraing region for five months, starting in June 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). AL AMERI, Saeed, 15 Ombashi, 3rd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). 303 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE AL DAOUD, Salih, 1 Sowar, 3rd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). ALEXOPOULOS, Georgios, 303 Interpreter (Grage A) The original recommendation for the BEM, from Lieut-Colonel E I B Grogan on the General Staff (Intelligence), British Salonika Force, dated 14 March 1918, noted Alexopoulos had been in post since February 1916 on ‘special duties, latterly as interpretor also’ and: ‘Employed in the area of active operations he has proved himself reliable and has done continuous good work very often at grave personal risk’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1188/79879). ALI, Mohamed, Head Kavass in the Chancery, British Embassy at Cairo The original recommendation noted that: ‘This excellent Chancery servant, now Head Kavass at the Residency, has rendered the most loyal and devoted services to the successive Heads of His Majesty’s Mission in Cairo, from 1 March 1899, the date on which he entered the service of His Majesty’s Government; he has displayed quite exceptional qualities of reliability and thoroughness in the performance of his duties, and he has never failed to maintain a high standard of discipline amongst the Chancery servants, junior to himself, as well as to set a good example under difficult and trying circumstances, such as frequently occurred throughout the period of the war. I, therefore, confidently recommend him for the proposed award’. The BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King in May 1921 and presented to Ali in Cairo in June of the King’s birthday (TNA ref: FO 372/1760/T4828, FO 372/1761/T5656, FO 372/1762/T7560 and FO 372/1762/T7560, the latter referring to the recipient as ‘Mohamed Ali Nuby’; CC, 5.5.1921). ALI, Said Effendi, an Egyptian subject Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by Lord Allenby for courageous conduct in connection with riots in Egypt in 1919, Ali was described as a Government Clerk at Alexandria. The medal was sent to Allenby by the Foreign Office on 12 January 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1300/162615 and 163391, and FO 372/1301/168952; CC, 1.1.1920). ALI, Saiyid, Effendi, Yuzbashi, District Police (Erbil) The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). AL RAKHAYIS, Attiyah, 12 Sowar, 3rd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). AL SALMAN, Husan, 46 Ombashi, 3rd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). ALVAREZ, Clemente, Chancery Servant at the British Legation at Havana The original recommendation notes how Alvarez, a 53-year-old Cuban, was: ‘…appointed messenger to the Consulate General in 1900 by the late Sir Lionel Carden, then His Majesty’s Consul General, and has continued in the employment of this office since that date. During the war Alvarez rendered most faithful and unremitting service, and at the suggestion of His Majesty’s Minister consented to forego assistance in order to save expense for His Majesty’s Government. I consequently consider that he is distinctly entitled to some recognition for his services from His Majesty’s Government’. The BEM (Civil Division), awarded in recognition of long and efficient service and service during the war, was approved in May 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5489 and T5966; CC, 19.5.1921). AMIABLEDETIER, Madame Louise, French Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Amiable-Detier was noted as working as a saleswoman and as living at Place de la Concorde, Trélon, France. The original recommendation 304 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that ‘Mme Amiable has directed the transmittal section of the Horson platoon [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais], a very delicate task in the Etappengebiet. She has seconded her husband in his task of platoon leader and has, by her sang-froid, saved the post at different occasions during German searches’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1300/166342; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). ANCION, Victor Joseph Désiré, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Ancion was noted as living at 55 rue aux Lainse, Verviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). ANDRE, Vital, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), André was noted as living in Faubourg de Mons, Ath, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). † ANDRE-DUQUESNOY, Madame Vve Alphonsine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as from 20 October 1918, Madame AndréDuquesnoy was noted as last having lived in Faubourg de Mons, Ath, Belgium and as having served as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 20.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). ANDRIEU, Adolph Joseph Xavier, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Andrieu was noted as a public teacher and village clerk. The original recommendation described how the recipient: ‘Freed from Military Service after the Battle of the Marne, as unfit, [he] has resumed his duties with the utmost devotion and zeal for the welfare of British troops billeted in his commune’; his address was noted as Instituteur, Affringues, Pas-deCalais (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). ANGHELKOFF, Zahary, Chancery Servant at the British Legation at Sofia The original recommendation notes how: ‘Zahary Anghelkoff entered the service of this Legation (then Agency) in 1888, and has served continuously as Second and subsequently First Chancery Servant, practically without absence from duty, for more than thirty years, under twelve Agents, Ministers, or Chargés d’Affaires. He has always given entire satisfaction, and has shown himself a faithful and reliable servant. On the entry of Bulgaria into the war in October 1915 he rendered particularly good service, and on one occasion his initiative and his devotion to duty were largely instrumental in preventing the arrest by the Bulgarian authorities of Mr Vice Consul Hurst [on 1 January 1916] after the departure of the Diplomatic staff. He remained at the Legation throughout the war, and worked very hard to prevent any damage of government property by the successive occupants of the building. In many other ways he rendered most valuable service to British interests during the war. As Zahary Anghelkoff is approaching the age when his retirement from the service of His Majesty’s Government must be contemplated, I feel that the present would be an admirable opportunity to recognise by the grant of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire his long and specially meritorious service. I consider that this Chancery Servant would be in all respects a worthy recipient of the decoration in question…’. The BEM (Civil Division), awarded in recognition of long and efficient service and devotion to duty, was approved in April 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/ T3292, T3456 and T4075; CC, 15.4.1921). ARCOULIN, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Arcoulin was noted as living at 439 rue van der Kindere, Uccle, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Arcoulin, a carpenter and businessman: ‘Has recruited the couriers from Brussels to Ghent in 1918 and directed this section [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais] until the cease-fire’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). 305 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ARGYRIOU, George, 3422 Interpreter (Grage A) The original recommendation for the BEM, from Lieut-Colonel E I B Grogan on the General Staff (Intelligence), British Salonika Force, dated 14 March 1918, noted Argyriou had been in post 2¼ years on ‘special duties, latterly as interpretor also’ and performed: ‘Willing and faithful service carried out on more than one occasion at considerable personal risk’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1188/79879). ARNOULD, Monsieur l’Abbé Prosper, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), l’Abbé Arnould, having served with the Dame Blanche network, was captured by the Germans and condemned to death, his sentence being commuted to hard labour for life. His address was noted as St Vincent, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.147-150). 306 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 B BAGE, Gustave, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Bage was noted as living at 54 rue Americaine, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BAILLET, Fidèle Amand, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Baillet received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). BAKKER, Rudolf Ferdinand, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Bakker was noted as living in Eecloo, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC.21.11.1919). † BALTHAZAR, Felix Alfred, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), to be dated from 27 February 1916, Balthazar was an electromechanic working for the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs. He was also a courier in the CarlotLouis network. Arrested by the Germans, he was tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and executed on 3 March at the Camp de Casteau. His home address was noted as 51 Chaussee de Nivelles, Hal, Belgium. A street in Halle, Balthazarstraat, was subsequently named after him (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). BALTHASAR, Mademoiselle Rosalie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Balthasar was noted as living at 303 Avenue de Tervueren, Woluwe-St Pierre, Belgium (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † BALTHASART, Céleste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 12 December 1916, Balthasart was executed by the Germans at Hasselt on 16 December 1916. He was noted as being a gun stock maker and his last address was recorded as rue Gravier Devaux, Vaux-sous-Chevremont, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC,4.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † BARBARE, Albert, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 24 December 1916, Barbaré’s address was noted as Marcoing, Nord, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Barbaré had been executed during the war. His widow was presented with his medal by MajorGeneral Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920. Barbaré was also awarded the British War Medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1497/T801, FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1300/166342; CC, 17.10.1919; Marcoing War Memorial; Van der Fraenen, 2009). BARBIEUX, Ghislain, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Barbieux was noted as living in Baugnies-Lignette, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Barbieux, a carpenter and Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais: ‘Ensured the transmission of reports across the Etappengebiet-border from Tournay to Barry from June 1918 until the ceasefire’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). 307 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BARIGANDS, Léon, French Agent Living in Condé-sur-Escaut, France, Barigands was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1299/145598, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/ T801; CC, 21.11.1919). BARNICH, Mademoiselle Julie, Luxemburg Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘…in December 1917 she has ensured the observation on the Luxemburg-Arlon line [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] in very difficult circumstances’. Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Mademoiselle Barnich was noted as living at Esch sur Alzette, Grand Duchy (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BARON, Henry Marcel, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Baron was noted as having addresses at 10 rue d’Erlanger, Paris and 29 rue de Paris, Valenciennes. He also received the Allied Subjects Medal in bronze for assisting British POWs (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1756/T198 and FO 372/1296/105269, CC, 21.11.1919). † BARTHELEMY, François Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 26 February 1915. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’. Barthelemy was executed by the Germans in Liège on 7 June 1915 and is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. He was noted as having worked as a plumber and his last address was 16 rue Van den Hoff, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Van der Fraenen, 2009; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org). BATAILLE, Raoul, French citizen Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by Lord Hardinge, British Ambassador in Paris (letter dated 25 December 1920), Bataille was put forward as: ‘Inspecteur au Camp Retranche Service de Contre Espionnage Préfecture de Police’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1527/T14844 and FO 372/1756/T768; CC, 9.2.1921). BATAILLEJOLY, Madame Marie, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Madame Bataille-Joly’s address was noted as 6-8 rue des Wagnaux, Quievrain, Belgium. Madame Bataille-Joly was listed as due to attend the presentation ceremony in Brussels on 30 January 1920 where she was to receive both the BEM and the MBE. She does not appear on the Central Chancery BEM register and the award may thus have been cancelled (TNA ref: FO 372/1301/167455; Brussels award ceremony programme; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC). BAUDMONT, Edmond, French Agent Living at 101 rue de Cartigny, Roubaix, France, Baudmont was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919). BAURY, Alfred, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Baury’s address was noted as 30 rue Morinval, Liège, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 308 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † BAX, Petrus Josephus, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Bax reportedly ‘died on the wire’ (the electrified wire fence between Belgium and the Netherlands, erected by the Germans to prevent anyone crossing the border. Bax’s last known address was recorded as 33 Stockt, Turnhout, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). BEAUJOT, Jules, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Beaujot was noted as living at 6 rue de la Gare, Lustin, Belgium. The British Military Intelligence Commission at Brussels confirmed that the recipient: ‘worked for one of the British espionage services and has been recommended for a decoration’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1297/128306; CC, 21.11.1919). PROVENANCE: The BWM (only) to Beaujot exists in a private UK collection (2012). BECK, Maurice, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Beck received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). BEDDELEEN, Mademoiselle Rachel, Manageress, Officers’ Club, St Omer, and formerly Directress of the 55th Divisional Laundry at Poperinghe Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’. The original supporting recommendation from Captain E Van Cutsem, dated 22 December 1918, noted: ‘During the period of two years and four months when I was Town Major of Poperinghe, M’dlle Rachel Beddeleen behaved very bravely whilst in charge of the 55th and other Divisional Laundries, and also when she took charge of the female staff at the Officers’ Club. All the time the town was constantly shelled, but the laundries never ceased working owing to her courage, and the example she set. Whilst at the Officers’ Club, one woman was killed and several wounded, but none of the women left the Club and [they] carried on their work as usual’. The medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858 and FO 372/1297/128306; CC, 14.10.1919). BEDORET, Armand, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Bedoret was noted as living at 25 Chaussée de Waterloo, Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BEECHER, Mademoiselle Henriette Elsie, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Beecher was noted as a Principal Forewoman with the AOD at Calais. The original recommendation, dated 16 December 1917, described the recipient as having: ‘performed invaluable work in the recruiting and management of French female labour, which resulted in considerable easing of the labour position’ and noted she was in charge of 2000 female workers. Efforts were still being made to locate her in November 1920 to facilitate the French government vetting her (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1534/T12134; CC, 20.8.1919, which also notes her surname as ‘Coates’, presumably following her marriage). BEERENS, Virgille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Beerens was noted as living in Deux-Acren, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BELJEAN, Madame Diane Adrienne, French Agent A French civilian, Madame Beljean was living at Caserne Pelissier, Rouen, Seine Inferieure, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that she had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185; CC, 27.2.1920). 309 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BELLAY, Guillaume, 9922 Adjutant, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.1.1919). BENNINCK, Julien, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Benninck’s address was noted as Bruges, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from January 1916 to May 1918, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). BENTHEIN, Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Benthein was noted as living in Place de la Gare, Ingelmunster, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269‘; CC, 21.11.1919; see also Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011). BERANGER, Madame Alice Augustine Clementine, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Beranger was noted as a Forewoman with the AOD Depot, Pereire, Paris. The original recommendation, dated 16 December 1917, described the recipient as being a: ‘very efficient and intelligent worker. Has been most successful in organising and carrying out work at this Depot’; her address was noted as 17 Sente de la Belle Feuille, Boulogne-sur-Mer. Efforts were still being made to locate her in November 1920 to facilitate the French government vetting her (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1534/T12134; CC, 20.8.1919). † BERNARD, Alphonse Désiré, French Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 20 March 1918, Bernard’s last address was noted as 20 rue de la Lumiére, Wattrelos France. He had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 23 March 1918. Bernard’s next of kin was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 20.3.1918; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com/archives/2011/05/07). BEZERIE, Alphonse, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Bézerie’s address was noted as Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient was an: ‘Adjutant of the Belgian Army, lent to the GHQ Intelligence Service and employed by them in Folkestone from December 1914 till May 1918 and after that at GHQ until the date of the Armistice. An excellent draughtsman and transcriber of reports who, owing to the nature of his work, was employed for long hours during the night-time. He is a hard worker and rendered valuable services’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). BEZERIE, Louis, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Brussels Put forward for recognition of his long service and particularly distinguished service during the war, the British Ambassador at Brussels suggested he should receive the Royal Victorian Medal, writing that: ‘Bézerie, a Belgian subject, First Chancery Servant at the Embassy, has been at the Embassy for 37 years. He was left throughout the war in sole charge of the Legation, and on one occasion prevented German soldiers from coming in by barring the entry and saying that they would only come in over his body. The Legation was found in perfect order on the return of Sir Francis Villiers 310 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 and every one feels that it was largely owing to Louis Bézerie’s vigilance and untiring care. His remuneration is considerably below what he might expect to obtain now-a-days. He is really an old man and a most faithful and devoted servant of His Majesty’s Government’. The Foreign Office, however, decided the BEM (Civil Division) was the more appropriate award and this was presented to Bézerie by the Duke of York in February 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1757/1713 and T1998 and FO 372/1759/T3090; CC, 16.2.1921). BEZOTTE, Maurice, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Bezotte was noted as a Chief Foreman, Roulers Compagnie, Boulogne. The original recommendation, dated 15 December 1917, noted how: ‘Since the commencement of the war, M Bezotte has been in charge of the unloading and loading of all the British Army Mails inwards and homewards through the Port of Boulogne and he has performed this responsible duty with praiseworthy zeal and efficiency. He has co-operated loyally with the Army Postal Service at all times in securing the most expeditious transfer of the Army Mails’; his address was noted as 276 rue du Baron Bucaille, Boulogne-sur-Mer. Efforts were still being made to locate him in November 1920 to facilitate the French government vetting him (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1534/T12134; CC, 15.3.1920). BIDLOTMALEVE, Madame Vve Mathilde, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Bidlot-Maleve had assisted French POWs to escape in 1915 and had gone on to act as a courier with the Dame Blanche network. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘she has fulfilled the function of courier of line II during three months in 1917. Arrested in January 1918, she preserved a correct attitude notwithstanding deprivations and bad treatment’. She was noted as living at 18 rue Publémont, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Landau, 1935, p.166). BINAME, Léon Joseph, 9841 Marechal des Logis-Chef, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.1919). BINARD, Georges, Adjutant (Warrant Officer), L.J.M.G. The recommendation for the BEM noted that Binard, with others: ‘As Secretaries to the Head of the Belgian [Military] Mission [in Britain] have assisted him in his relations with the War Office, Admiralty, Home Office, Local Government Board, and various civilian and military British authorities’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1293). BINDERS, John, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Binders’ address was noted as Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). BLAIN, Eli Gustave Charles, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Blain was noted as a Chef de Gare, Steenwerck. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Has been Station Master 311 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE at Steenwerck since 23 Nov[ember] 1914 and been at all times since then of the greatest help and assistance to the BEF. The station has been under shell fire’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.11.1919). BLANDE, Mademoiselle Alida, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Blande was noted as living in rue du Gorboy, Jurbise, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BLANJEAN, Léopold, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Blanjean was noted as living at 177 rue Louis Happ, Etterbeek, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Blanjean, a telegraph official: ‘Has fulfilled the duties of courier [with the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from Brussels to Liège from June until October 1917. From then until the cease-fire he has reorganized, directed and considerably developed the company at Brussels; notably he has established the post at Manage and recruited the chief of the Dendermonde post’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BLAUDE, Oswald, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Blaude’s address was noted as rue du Corboy, Jurbise, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). BLOCK, Maurice, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Block’s address was noted as Gand, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). † BLONDIAUX, Achille, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 24 December 1916, Blondiaux’s last address was noted as Noyelles sur Escaut, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Blondiaux had been arrested and executed by the Germans at St Quentin on 27 December 1916 (Walincourt-Selvigny memorial). No representative attended the medal presentation by MajorGeneral Thwaites in Lille on 28 January 1920. However, his daughter was due to subsequently receive his medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 17.10.1919; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog. com). BODDAERT, Victor, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Boddaert was noted as a Cabinet Maker, Workshops, Hazebrouck. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described the recipient as having: ‘…shown much loyalty and devotion to duty and has a very good influence an all the workers in the workshop Hazebrouck’. His address is noted as 12 rue de Morbecque, Hazebrouck. Efforts were still being made to locate him in November 1920 to facilitate the French government vetting him (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1534/T12134; 20.8.1919; CC, 20.8.1919). 312 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BOEL, Arthur, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Boel was living at 125 rue des Aulnes, Antwerp, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’. The medal was sent to the recipient and his brother, Denis Boel, signed the receipt for it (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). † BOITEUX, Léon Joseph, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Boiteux’s last known address was Rue Frognart, Boussu-lez-Walcourt, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’. Boiteux had been arrested by the Germans and was executed in Brussels on 25 June 1917. His widow, Marie Boiteux, signed for his medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009). BOLAND, Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Boland’s address was noted as 20 rue de la Station, Seraing, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). BOMHALS, François, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Bomhals was noted as living at 48 rue Haute, Gand, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BONNEFENT, Denis Jean Marie, French Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Bonnefent (also noted as ‘Bonnefont’) was noted as living in Wonck, Belgium and was due to receive his medal in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1299/145598, FO 372/1300/163199 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). BOOTSMA, Monsieur le Chanoine Tharcisius, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Bootsma’s address was noted as Eveche de Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). BORGHYS, Emile, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Borghys’ address was noted as rue de l’Eglise, Doel, Waes, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from end of 1916 to 1918, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). BORRY, Octave, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Borry was noted as a Chief Foreman of Work at Armentieres. The original recommendation, dated 10 December 1917, noted the recipient: ‘Was and is still employed by the Army as foreman. Afforded valuable assistance in salving machinery in Armentierses whilst the town was being bombarded’; his address being noted as Locre. Efforts were still being made to locate him in November 1920 to facilitate the French government vetting him (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1534/T12134; CC, 20.8.1919). 313 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BOSMANS, Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Bosman’s address was noted as Digue de la Meuse, Maeseyck, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). BOSSELAERS, Jean François, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Bosselaers was noted as living at 201 Chausée de Bruxelles, Malines, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Bosselaers, a government mechanic: ‘Observed the Mechelen-Dendermonde railway at Mechelen [as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from March until the cease-fire, delivering very complete reports’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BOSSUYTDANEL, Madame Georgina, French Agent A French civilian, Bossuyt-Danel was living at Nomain pres Orchies, Nord, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that she had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239, FO 372/1506/T4566, FO 372/1511/T6945 and FO 372/1512/T7197; CC, 27.2.1920). BOSVIEL, Charles, Inspector of Special Police at Marseilles A French citizen, Bosviel was awarded the BEM (Civil Division) in March 1920. In July 1921 the British Consulate General in Marseilles informed the Foreign Office that Bosveil had been recently convicted of stealing gold coins that he had seized while on duty and had received a two year custodial sentence and a fine, other instances of embezzlement having also come to light during his trial. The award was to be withdrawn as from 28 July 1921 and the medal recovered and returned to the Central Chancery if possible. This matter was still being followed up in April 1922 and the following year the French government confirmed Bosviel could not be located and thus the medal was deemed irrecoverable. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1947/3651 and FO 372/1782/T8057, T8338and T8895). BOUDRINGHIEN, Mademoiselle Clementine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Boudringhien was noted as living at 35 rue de la Gare, Deerlyck, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BOULANGER, Arnold, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Boulanger’s address was noted as 17 rue Bolza, Beyne-Heusay, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). BOULU, Mademoiselle Rosa, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Boulu was noted as living at 36 rue du Parnasse, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BOULVAIN, Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Boulvain was noted as living at 9 rue Africaine, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Boulvain, who was employed as a Head of Bureau for the Belgian Railways: ‘From March until September 1917, has directed the Brussels service [as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais], including two railway observation posts at Brussels and two at Charleroi’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). 314 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BOURDON, Rev Père Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Rev Bourdon was noted as living at 11 rue des Récollets, Louvain, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BOURLARD, Victor, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Bourlard was noted as living in Irchonwelz-Ath, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Boulard, a chairmaker: ‘Organised the [Corps d’Observation Anglais] observation post at Ath on the Ath-Tournay railway from March 1918 until the cease-fire. His reports were very good’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BOURLET, Edmond Noted as ‘Chef visiteur à la gare de Béthune (Nord)’, Bourlet had been awarded the BEM (Civil Division) on 24 June 1920. In December that year he enquired through the French Embassy in London whether a brevet or diploma was to accompany the medal, the Foreign Office replying in the negative on 24 December (TNA ref: FO 372/1526/T14558; CC, 15.3.1920). † BOURSEAUX, Jean Victor, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 4 June 1915, Bourseaux had worked with the Lenders network until captured. He was arrested and executed by the Germans in Liège on 7 June 1915. He was noted as a weapons manufacturer, travelling salesman and specialised carrier pigeon keeper; his last address being recorded as 10 rue Henri Maus, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). BOUTET, Moise, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Boutet appears to have worked with the M250/Dieu network. He was noted as living at 6 Place de la Gare, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BOUVYTIMMERMANS, Madame Angeline, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Bouvy-Timmermans was noted as living at 31 rue St Gilles, Liège, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘she has served as a guard at the Association of Engineers [where she was employed as a concierge], where the meetings took place of the commanding council of the [Corps d’Observation Anglais]. She has given proof of an extraordinary care, courage and capability in delicate tasks’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † BRAECKMAN, Gustave, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, dated as from 7 September 1917, Braeckman had been arrested and executed by the Germans at Ghent on 10 September 1917. He was noted as a road builder and his last home address was Baarle Tronchiennes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 7.9.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). BRAEKERS, Charles Marie Corneille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Braekers was noted as living at 42 Vinave, Engis, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). BRAM, Auguste, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Bram’s address was noted as c/o Dr Rischard, 20 Boulevard Royal, Luxemburg (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see also Morgan, 2004). 315 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE BRANDERHORST, Dirk Albertus, Wachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Branderhorst’s address was noted as Eindhoven, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). BRASSEUR, Brigadier Forestier Théophane, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Brasseur was noted as a Brigadier des Eaux et Forêts, Forêt de Nieppe. The original recommendation, dated 9 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Has been largely responsible for the excellent results obtained in this Forest from civilian labour which he has organised and assisted with his local and technical knowledge. His loyal assistance for three years has been invaluable’; his address was noted as Route de Hazebrouck, La Motte au Bois, Nord (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). BRASSEURBERLIER, Madame Suzanne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Brasseur-Berlier was noted as living in rue de l’Eglise, Solre sur Sambre, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BRAULT, Alfred, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Brault received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). † BRIL, Louis Léopold Auguste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, Bril had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Brussels on 11 February 1916. His last address was noted as 6 Avenue Albert Elisabeth, Woluwe St Lambert, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; http://civils19141918. canalblog.com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). BRISON, Gustave Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Brison was noted as living at 56 rue de Chatellet, Lodelinsart, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Brison was Chief of the bureau for traction of the railway company and that he: ‘Organised observation of the Charleroy junction and created the Ecausinnes post [as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. In October he surveyed the defence line the Germans established from Halle to Charleroi and succeeded in procuring an official map of this line. He has directed the “chevauchement” platoon of Charleroi from June until the cease-fire’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). BRISSET, Paul, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Brisset received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). BRISSOM, Henri Jean, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Brissom was noted as a Inspecteur de Traction, Instructor in Nord Railway: Signalling System to British Engine Drivers. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described the recipient as having: ‘Started the instruction to British Engine Drivers of the method of signalling on the Nord Railway. His services have been invaluable to the ROD’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919, where his surname is noted as ‘Brisson’). 316 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 BROEKX, Emile, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Broekx’s address was noted as Meerhout, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). BROWN, Alexander, Chancery Servant at the British Legation and Consulate-General at Panama The original recommendation noted that Brown: ‘…for the past twenty years has served at the Panama Legation and Consulate-General. Brown is a British-born subject, a native of Jamaica and is 53 years of age. He commenced service with my predecessor, Sir Claude Mallet, in May 1901, and I understand from the very first gave every satisfaction. My own experience of Brown only dates from July 1919, but he has given me during this time ample proof of his loyalty, fidelity and strict integrity. My recommendation, which I feel sure would be endorsed by Sir Claude Mallet, is based on Brown’s length of service, and on the zeal and devotion which he has always displayed in the discharge of his duties which during the war were, I understand, of a specially onerous nature’. The BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King in May 1921. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5748). BROWNE, Charles Fleurence Meline, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Washington The original recommendation noted that the award was to: ‘Browne, a coloured American employee of this Embassy on account of his long and faithful service…[of] thirty three years’. The BEM (Civil Division) was not initially approved by the King as it was existing policy to not confer awards on US civilians for war services; however, on further consideration and given Browne’s record and his employment within the embassy, the King approved the award in May 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/ T5488, FO 372/1762/T6247 and FO 372/1763/T8645; CC, 24.5.1921). News coverage remarked that Browne had served nine ministers and ambassadors during 35 years service. ‘He is the only colored man in the United States to wear the order’ (The Crisis, August 1921, p.182). Browne was presented with the medal on the embassy lawn on 22 June 1921 by Sir Auckland Geddes (The New York Times, 23 June 1921; The Times, 8 July 1921, p.9). BRUINS, Tieme, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Bruins’ address was noted as Appeldoorn, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919, which notes his first name as ‘Tiema’). BRULARD, George Marie François, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Brulard received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 14 March 1920 (CC, 14.3.1920). BRUYER, Maurice Gustave, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Bruyer received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). BURLEON, Jean Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Burleon was noted as living at 33 Avenue de la Houssiére, Braine-le-Comte, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). PROVENANCE: Burleon’s medals, consisting of the BEM, BWM, Knight of the Order of Leopold 317 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE I, Belgian Victory Medal, Belgian Commemorative Medal 1914-18, and Belgian Civil Medal were noted as being in a private Belgian collection (January 2008). BUSSCHAERT, Léonce, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Busschaert’s address was noted as 45 rue Menin, Mouscron, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † BUZIN, Célestin, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 16 December 1916. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. Buzin had died by 1920 (having probably been killed during the war). He was also awarded the British War Medal in recognition of his services. Buzin’s last home address was recorded as Rue de Moulin, Villers-Pol, Belgium. Efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his medal to his mother. On 29 September 1920 the Foreign Office sent the medal to the British Embassy in Paris for distribution (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1499/T1588 and FO 372/1502/T2901 and FO 372/1520/T10899; CC, 17.10.1919). † BYN, Alphonse, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, dated as from 8 September 1917, Byn was part of the Xavier network and was arrested and executed by the Germans at Ghent on 10 September 1917. He was noted as a carpenter and pub owner, his last home address being 202 Village, Tronchiennes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011, p.236; CC, 8.9.1917). † BYN, Macharius, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 4 September 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation [Xavier network] in occupied territory during 1917’. Byn had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 10 September 1917. He had worked as a supervisor with a cleaning service and his last home address was 25 rue d’Anvers, Gand, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011, p.236; CC, 17.10.1919). 318 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 C CABOUCHE, Mademoiselle Jeanne, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Mademoiselle Cabouche received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). CAENEN, Achille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Caenen was noted as living at 54 Dalstraat, Veldwezelt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). CAENEN, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Canen was noted as living at 129 Kerkweld, Weldwezelt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). CAENEN, Maurice, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Caenen was noted as living at 58 Bieselbaan, Veldwezelt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). CAERS, Eugène, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by Captain Robertson, RTO at Brussels, noted he was: ‘Head Guard’, this being again brought to notice by Sir Francis Villiers, British Ambassador at Brussels, on 9 August 1920. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648 and FO 372/1517/T9337). CAGNART, Adolphe, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Cagnart was noted as a Sous Chef Principal, Hazebrouck-Ypres line. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Was put to work at Hazebrouck when ROD commenced running the Hazebrouck-Ypres line. His services have been of the greatest help’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). † CAIGNET, Henri Joseph, French Agent Arrested by the Germans, Caignet was executed in Tournai on 31 July 1917. Having lived at one time in Nomain, Nord, France, efforts were being made in 1920 to trace his widow to present her with his BEM (Military Division) (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1301/167455 and FO 372/1502/T2901; CC, 21.11.1919; Van der Fraenen, 2009). CALLEWAERT, Georges, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Callewaert was living at Marche au Detail, Courtrai, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). CAMBIER, Mademoiselle Jeanne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Cambier was noted as living at 50 Avenue Rogier, Schaerbeek, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). CAMBIER, Mademoiselle Marguerite, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Cambier was noted as living at 50 Avenue Rogier, Schaerbeek, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). 319 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE CAMBIER, Mademoiselle Valentine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Cambier was noted as living at 50 Avenue Rogier, Schaerbeek, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). CANIVEZ, Jean Baptiste, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by the Foreign Office, dated 5 January 1920, noted the award was: ‘For valuable service at great personal risk, to the Canadians when Mons was recaptured in giving information respecting machine gun emplacements and mines’, this being again brought to notice by Sir Francis Villiers, British Ambassador at Brussels, on 9 August 1920. Finally, on 8 July 1922 the Foreign Office included Canivez in the final batch of Belgian cases to be put forward in recognition of war services. The recommendation was duly approved by the King on 13 July and the medal was dispatched by the Foreign Office on 4 September to the British Ambassador in Brussels who was to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648, FO 372/1517/T9337 and FO 372/1944/T7138 and T8806; CC, 21.7.1921). CANTILLON, Charles, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Cantillon’s address was noted as 29 Plaine de Hesse, Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from beginning 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). CANTILLONBAUWENS, Madame Josephine Dorothée, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Madame Cantillon-Bauwens’ address was noted as 29 Plaine de Hesse, Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). CAPELLE, Monsieur de Baron, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Monsieur de Baron Capelle’s address was noted as Avenue de la Renaissance, Bruxelles, Belgium; he served as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). CARDINAELS, Renier, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Cardinaels’ address was noted as Hamont Loo, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). CARLIER, Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Carlier was noted as living at 25 Chemin Vert, Ath, Belgium. An Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, he was arrested by the Germans, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and imprisoned for a time. He received his BEM at the presentation in Brussels on 30 January 1920. The Central Chancery notes his surname as ‘Cambier’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). 320 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 CARLIER, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Carlier was noted as living at 53 rue des Ecoles, Boussu, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; 21.11.1919; CC, 21.11.1919). CARLIER, Omer, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Carlier appears to have worked for the Negro network. He was noted as living at 95 rue du Marais, Montignies sur Sambre, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). CARMICELLI, Antonio, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Rome The BEM (Civil Division), awarded in recognition of 35 years efficient service and devotion to duty, was approved in April 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3292, T3459 and T4075; CC, 5.4.1921). CATTOEN, Mademoiselle Alice, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Cattoen was noted as ‘Daughter of Secretaire to Mairie’. The original recommendation, dated 10 December 1917, described how the recipient (along with Albert Makereel and Cécile Smagghe): ‘Have had the entire direction on behalf of the municipality of all billeting and all matters connected with British troops since beginning of war. Have gone out of their way to render help on all occasions to British Military Authorities and have checked abuses’. Her address is noted as Ecole des Garçons, Godewaersvelde (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). CAU, Georges, French Agent Living at 26 avenue des Villas, Roubaix, France, Cau was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919). CAUFOURIER, Madame Blanche, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Madame Caufourier received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). CAVROIS, Georges Pierre Marie Charles, Sergent d’Infanterie Awarded the BEM (Military Division), with four other recipients: ‘…in recognition of the assistance they have given to the British Espionage Services in England and Holland during the war and in Belgium since the Armistice’; on 14 October 1919 the British Embassy in Paris requested further information on the recipient’s unit to assist them in tracing him to organise the presentation. The BEM was among the military exchange awards to France, list 49, 1 December 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/133806 and WO 388/2; CC, 20.8.1919, which notes him as ‘Maurice’ rather than ‘Marie’). CAYASSE, Jean, French Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Mr Cayasse [who was a student] has with absolute dedication fulfilled the counter-espionage task in Avesnes [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] for which role he had to gain access to the Kommandantur. He didn’t hesitate to follow that Kommandantur to Belgium under orders of his chief, notwithstanding the vivid reproaches of his uninformed compatriots. He constituted a valuable field agent’. Living at 2 route de Landrecies, Avesnes sur Helpe, Nord, France, Cayasse was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). CHANTRELLE, Auguste, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Chantrelle was noted as being in charge of inspection of loco[motive] repairs for Belgian Government. The original recommendation, dated 12 December 1917, described the award as being: ‘For his attention to the work in hand and whilst most particular 321 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE in applying accurately and precisely all the specified tests on behalf of his Gov[ernmen]t, he has endeavoured to meet the special conditions strictly incidental to the commencement of a new Workshop, and to the difficulties experienced owing to want of drawings, patterns or labour specially used to these Engines’; his address was noted as Chef de Section, 2 rue St Michel, Le Havre. His insignia was returned by the post office as he was not known at the address (2 rue St Michel, Le Havre) on file and further efforts were to be made to trace him in 1920. These efforts were subsequently reported as having been unsuccessful ‘owing to the breaking up of the military formation which supplied the original information’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998, FO 372/1497/ T744 and FO 372/1499/T1356; CC, 20.8.1919). CHARLOIS, François, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Charlois received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). CHAUVINJANNE, Madame Emile, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Madame Chauvin-Janne’s address was noted as 56 rue Wazon, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; probably related to Professor Herman Chauvin, co-chief of the Dame Blanche network, see Landau, 1935, p.26 et sec). CHAVALE, Amédée, French citizen The original recommendation for the BEM (Civil Division) noted that the recipient was a: ‘Chef de Chantier, Civil labour company. On 7 Nov[ember] last at Hersin Station at great personal risk during bombardment helped to isolate a burning truck of ammunition’. The award was approved by the King on 5 July 1918 and on 25 July the Foreign Office despatched the medal to the French government which was to arrange the presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/84151 and FO 372/1190/126977; CC, 19.7.1918). CHERBOUT, Eugène, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Cherbout received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). CHEVALIER, Jules, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Chevalier’s address was noted as 39 rue de Chenée, Angleur, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). CHOLLET, Maurice, French citizen Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by Lord Hardinge, British Ambassador in Paris (letter dated 25 December 1920), Chollet was put forward as: ‘Inspecteur au Camp Retranche Service de Contre Espionnage Préfecture de Police’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1756/T768, FO 372/1527/T14844 and FO 372/1756/T768; CC, 9.2.1921). CHOURAQUI, Alphonse, French citizen Awarded the BEM (Civil Division) as from 15 March 1920, the proposal to grant the award to Chouraqui was subsequently objected to by the French government. Chouraqui had already been presented with the medal by the time the French veto was received and his name remains on the Central Chancery register (TNA refs: FO 372/1525/T13911 and FO 372/1526/T14294; CC, 15.3.1920). CLAES, Raphael Victor Louis, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by the British Ambassador at Brussels, noted he was: ‘Stationmaster, Gare du Luxembourg at Brussels’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648). 322 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 CLAEYS, Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Claeys’ (noted as ‘Cloet’ in the Belgian records) address was noted as Heyst sur Mer, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1915 to November 1917, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). CLEEMPUT, Pierre Camille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Cleemput was noted as living at 108 rue St Pierre, Jette-St Pierre, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). CLOES, Jean Michel, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Cloes was noted as living at 54 rue Biolley, Verviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). CLOES, Nicholas, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Cloes was noted as living at 54 rue Biolley, Jette-St Pierre, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). CLYNCKEMAILLIE, Mademoiselle Marguerite, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM, Clynckemaillie was noted as a Forewoman superintending 60 female labourers in a carpenter’s shop. The original recommendation, dated 11 December 1917, described how: ‘Her example, skill and perseverance add greatly to the output of the Shops. She has shown great coolness and courage and carried on work when the Park has been shelled by enemy Artillery; her address was noted as Scherpenburg, Reninghelst, Belgium (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). COCHART, Monsieur l’Abbé Maurice, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), L’Abbé Cochart was noted as living at Place de la Collégiale, Dinant, Belgium and as being the vicar of the town. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has occupied different posts in the direction of Namur since October 1917 [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He has directed the Dinant platoon and created multiple posts there’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). COCK, Marcel, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Cock’s address was noted as Lokeren, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from May 1916 to September 1918, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). COEKELBERGHS, François, 12214 Marechal des Logis-Chef, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with 323 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.1919). † COIGNE, Achille Léon, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 9 August 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’. Coigne had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 13 August 1917. He was noted as having been a tailor and his last home address was 26 rue du Canon, Courtrai, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). COLARD, Maurice Georges Edmond, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Colard was noted as living at 15 rue de Liège, Verviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). COLENTIER, Henri Pierre Joseph, French Agent A French civilian, Colentier was living at 58 Boulevarde Faidherbe, Cambrai, Nord, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/ T3185; 27.2.1920). COLET, Ambroise Ghislain, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Colet was noted as a Foreman involved with the construction of aerial line, telegraphs and telephones. The original recommendation, dated 13 December 1917, described how the recipient has: ‘…given valuable assistance to the 2nd British Army in building, maintaining and repairing army lines in Poperinghe and neighbourhood since the arrival of the British Army in this area, often under shell fire’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). COLINET, Eugène François Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Colinet was noted as living at 96 rue des Confédérés, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; 21.11.1919). COLLARD, Léon, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Collard was living in Tintigny, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; probable relatives Antony and Louis Collard were executed by the Germans on 18 July 1918 and are commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège [both were subsequently posthumously awarded the OBE]: www.bel-memorial.org and www.1914-1918. be/civil_fusilles.php). COMHAIRECOLLIN, Madame Rosa, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Comhaire-Collin was noted as being a maidservant and as living at 3 rue Neuvice, Liège, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘In 1918 she served as a guard for the general direction of the service in Liège [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). COMIANOPOULOS, Sava A Greek civilian subject, Comianopoulos was attached to the Intelligence section of the General Staff with the British Salonika Force, its C-in-C General Sir G F Milne recommending him for the BEM (Civil Division) on 9 March 1919 for: ‘Valuable work and assistance in connection with 324 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 the breaking up of several enemy spy organisations, often at considerable personal risk’. The King approved the award on 20 August 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/103501 and FO 372/1297/120359; CC, 20.8.1919). † COOL, Casimir, French Agent Granted the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 12 February 1917, Cool had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Charleroi on 11 May 1917. Cool’s last address was noted as 37 rue Haute,Hameau Thiers, Bruay, France. His medal was due to be presented to his widow (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1299/145598, FO 372/1300/158240, 166342 and 166504, and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 4.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918. canalblog.com). COOLEN, Jean, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Coolen’s address was noted as Opsinnich, Teuven, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † CORBISIER, Jean Baptiste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Corbisier had been arrested by the Germans and was executed in Brussels on 4 September 1916. His last address was noted as 20 rue de Boulet, Bruxelles, Belgium (TNA ref: FO 372/1301/167455 and WO 106/6192, the latter having his surname modified from ‘Corvisier’ to ‘Corbisier’, the ‘b’ being pencilled in above the ‘v’; CC, 21.11.1919; Van der Fraenen, 2009). CORNELIS, Adhémar, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Cornelis‘ address was noted as rue de l’Etalage, Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). CORNELIS, Mademoiselle Maria Gabrielle Sylvie, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Mademoiselle Cornelis’ address was noted as 9 rue du Pont, Sottegem, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Mademoiselle Cornelis had served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, being arrested by the Germans, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and imprisoned for a time (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). CORNEZ, Virgile Henri Joseph Cornez, a Belgian subject, from Paturages, Hainaut, was recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the British Commander-in-Chief in France on 8 July 1919: ‘in recognition of services which he rendered to the British forces by putting out of action certain German mines during the British advance at the commencement of November 1918’. The King approved the award on 24 July 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/102582 and 109270; CC, 24.7.1919; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 325 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE CORVISIER, Jean Baptiste: See: CORBISIER, Jean Baptiste. † COSSE, Auguste Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 10 December 1916, Cosse had been a chief supervisor with the railway company. Arrested by the Germans, he was executed at Hasselt on 16 December 1916. His last address was noted as 117 rue de Salzinnesles Moulins, Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009). CRAHAY, Mademoiselle Marie, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘…she has fulfilled the duties of dactylographer for the Luxemburg company [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from its start in January 1918 until September. In November she courageously took position in the house at the place Rouveroy, regardless of the problems caused by the Germans who had requisitioned it’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Crahay was noted as a shop assistant and as living at 43 rue des Eglantiers, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). CREUSEN, Franz, Dutch Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Creusen was noted as living at 31 rue du Pery, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). CREUZEN, Franz, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Creuzen was a prominent saboteur and intelligence agent. Captured in Holland by the German Secret Police and imprisoned in St Léonard Prison in Liège in 1916, he made a successful escape in 1918 with the aid of members of the Dame Blanche network. Recaptured, he was held in Hasselt Prison until the end of the war. He was living in Munster-Bilsen, Limbourg, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185, the latter noting him as ‘Creuxen’; CC, 27.2.1920, where he is noted as ‘François Marie Joseph Creusen’; Landau, 1934, pp.132, 181-183; Landau, 1935, pp.30, 101-110, 146, 152-164, which includes two photographs of ‘Creusen’). CROIXDEBETHUNE, Madame Marie Thérèse de la, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Madame Croix-de-Bethune was living at 36 rue Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that she had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). 326 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Charles Fleurence Meline Browne, Servant, British Embassy, Washington Achille Léon Coigne, Belgian Agent Jean Baptiste De Belva, Belgian Agent Achille Auguste DeBacker, Belgian Agent Achille Hanselaer, Belgian Agent Honoré David, Belgian Agent August Jean Hofman, Belgian Agent 327 Maurice Achille Hofman, Belgian Agent FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE D DABIN, Léon, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Dabin was noted as living at 37 Quai de l’Ourthe, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DANDOIS, Louis, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He fulfilled the duties of observer [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] on the Namur-Brussels line from 15 April 1917 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Dandois was noted as a locksmith and as living at Place d’Hastedont, Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DANGREAU, Emile, French civilian Recommended for the BEM, Dangréau was noted as a Chef de Gare et Traffic Superintendent at Gare Regulatrice. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Is responsible for all traffic working at Romescamps. During the heavy pressure of traffic in difficult circumstances during the latter part of 1916, [he] displayed most admirable comradeship with us and rendered services of inestimable value. His readiness to help us in difficulties, his untiring efforts to meet our requirements have always been outstanding features of his keen desire to co-operate with us. A man of admirable character, he is deeply respected by us all and by the French Military and Technique at Romescamps. Prior to his appointment at Romescamps, Monsieur Dangréau was Chef de Gare at Hazebrouck from the early days of the war’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998). DANIEL, Mademoiselle Camille, French Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Daniel was noted as living in St Hubert, France (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1299/145598 and FO 372/1300/163199; CC, 21.11.1919). DANNEAU, Oscar Jules Jean Baptiste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Danneau was noted as living at 61 Bois d’Haine, Manage, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Danneau, who worked as an Agent at the railway company: ‘has fulfilled, together with his wife, the functions of observer on the Manage-Mons line from May 1917 until the cease-fire [with the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He has been congratulated by the military authorities for the perfection of his work’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DANNEAUGOSSART, Madame Lucille Augustine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Danneau-Gossart was noted as living at 61 rue Bois d’Haine, Manage, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Madame Danneau-Gossart: ‘has fulfilled, in cooperation with her husband, the functions of observer on the Manage-Mons line from May 1917 until the cease-fire [with the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. She has been congratulated by the military authorities for the perfection of her work’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DAOUT, Albert, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by General Rawlinson, GOC Fourth Army, on 30 December 1918 thus: ‘Throughout the occupation of Namur, Monsieur Daout has supplied information regarding movements of troops and other matters. He was imprisoned by the Germans, 328 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 but made his escape and carried on the dangerous work of an Agent right up to the occupation of Namur by our troops’. Daout was noted as being a tailor, living at 10 rue Rogier, Namur. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1297/128306). † DAUBECHIES, Jérôme, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 10 October 1916, Daubechies had been arrested and executed by the Germans at Bergen on 18 October 1916. He had worked as a supervisor and his last home address was noted as 2 rue du Bas Chemin, Jemappes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DAUBY, Edouard, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Dauby was noted as living at 11 rue du Vélodrome, Marcinelles, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DAUD, Shakir Ibn, Mulazimawal, 2nd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). † DAVID, Honoré, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), David had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 12 August 1918. He had been a field-labourer and his home address was noted as Kruisstraat, Hoerbeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DAVIDESCO, Yussef, 4th Class Agent, Intelligence Corps Employed between September 1918 and January 1919, Davidesco was a Palestinian Jew, his original recommendation for the BEM (Civil Division) noting how he: ‘Made two trips as a civilian across the enemy’s lines in the interests of Intelligence and at great personal risk. Had he been captured by the Turks, he would have been hanged. He volunteered to go a third time. He has done most useful contre-espionage work within the British lines in Arab disguise, and rendered valuable service as a guide at the outset of operations of September 1918 in Palestine’. His address was noted as c/o Zionist Commission, Jaffa, Palestine (TNA refs: FO 372/1293/53519 and FO 372/1294/68115; CC, 30.4.1919). † DEBACKER, Achille Auguste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 15 March 1918. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’. Debacker was arrested and executed by the Germans at Ghent on 19 March 1918. He had worked as a chief supervisor with the railway company and his home address was noted as 74 rue des Péres, Mouscron, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; see also Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011). DE BACKER, Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Backer’s address was noted as 47 rue Pierre Coecke, Alost, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from July 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, 329 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). DE BAEREMAECKER, Mademoiselle Julia, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Mademoiselle De Baeremaecker’s address was noted as 33 rue Haute, Gand, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567). † DE BAVAY, Henri, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, De Bavay was living in St Leger, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Henri De Bavay died in prison on 7 July 1918. The medal was sent to and signed for by his widow, ‘P Debavay’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011). † DE BELVA, Jean Baptiste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 7 April 1917, De Belva had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 19 March 1918. He had been a dockworker and his home address was noted as 74 Ochttermuide, Gand, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DE BERSAQUES, Florent, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Bersaques’ address was noted as 20 Route Nationale, Bille Montignies-lez-Lens, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DE BEUKLAER, Alphonse, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Beuklaer was noted as living at rue de la Digue, Malines, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that De Beuklaer, who was a public works contractor: ‘after having been courier across the Etappengebiet-border, at the beginning of 1918 after the execution of the Collard brothers has reorganised the sections of Virton, Jamoigne, Ettalle and Athus in cooperation with Mademoiselles Collard and Bastin. He has recruited numerous agents [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DE BOCK, Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Bock’s address was noted as 84 rue St Willebroeck, Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from February 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). 330 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DE BOODE, Jules, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Boode was noted as living at 37 Boulevard Victor Hugo, Lille, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘in July 1918 he put a regional observation group – which he himself had recruited and organized at Lille – at the disposal of the commanding officer of the 6th company [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DE BOUCQ, Madame Léon, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame De Boucq was noted as living at 12 rue de la Chapelle Beausart, Mont-sur-Marchiennes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see Landau, 1935, for details of her husband). DE BOUCQ, Mademoiselle Marie Thérèse, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Mademoiselle De Boucq’s address was noted as 12 rue de la Chapelle Beausart, Montsur-Marchiennes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). DE BRUYN, Philippe Jacques, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Bruyn was noted as living at 2 rue St Anne, Ganshoren, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DECKX, Jan, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He created a series of border-courier services which functioned without interruption for close to two years, serving a series of important services, notably M69, M82, M9, M105 or R192, M375 etc [for Zone IV of Transmissions de SA, which operated in the northern part of Brabant province]. He has shown courage and audacity. Although after the numerous missions he was involved in he was known to the enemy spies as working for an allied service and was being traced by them, he didn’t hesitate to enter onto Belgian soil in broad daylight two or three times per week, armed with a revolver, to rendez-vous with another courier on the other side of the electrical wire, 800 to 1,000 meters from the border. He has shown a lot of discernment in selecting his couriers, from which he always dismissed suspect or doubtful elements. His help has been very valuable in running couriers in the Putte sector’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis simply noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’. Entitled also to the British War Medal, this latter award was noted as being undelivered as of 20 April 1922 and as being retained by the British Embassy in Brussels in case it may be claimed in the future. Deckx was a farm labourer and his address was noted as 48 Kleine Malenweg, Staebroeck, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1947/T4927; CC, 21.11.1919, where he is termed ‘Jean Baptiste Deckx’; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 & P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DECLERCK, Hendrick, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Declerck’s address was noted as 111 rue Erlwardt, Putte Cappelle, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DE CROMBRUGGE DE LOORINGHE, Baron Edouard, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Baron De Crombrugge de Looringhe was noted as living at 65 rue du Prince Royal, Ixelles, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 331 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE DE DOBBELEER, Arthur, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Dobbeleer’s address was noted as 2 rue Volpe, Hal, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DE DOBBELEER, Léopold Ghislain, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Dobbeleer was noted as living at 27 rue des Patates, Saintes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). PROVENANCE: The single BWM to De Dobbeleer is known in a private Belgian collection (August 2008). DEFRAINE, Aimé Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Defraine was noted as living in Braine-le-Comte, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DE GEYTER, Evariste, Belgian Agent According to Van der Fraenen (2012): ‘At the outbreak of the war in August 1914, Evarist [sic] De Geyter (born in Eke, 1865) saw his eldest son being mobilised by the Belgian Army. A couple of months later he witnessed the Germans brutally occupying his hometown, Kortrijk. His youngest son decided to join his brother at the front and left home in April 1915. De Geyter, a self-made man, a railway worker who only learned how to read and write in his late thirties, wanted to aid his sons at the front, but had no idea what he could do. By the end of 1915 however, a colleague recruited him as an agent for the British intelligence services, led by Major Cameron in Folkestone. De Geyter and the members of his group started spying on the Germans. Since his house was built next to the railroad, close to the Kortrijk train station, his work primarily consisted of railroad espionage, for most of the German army’s troop transportation was carried out by railroad. Night and day De Geyter carefully noted all the details of the German trains that passed his house. The tiny papers containing his reports were sent to the Netherlands, from where they are quickly shipped on to Folkestone. He soon needed the help of his wife and daughter, who were both very keen to assist. In March 1917 things went awfully wrong. The group was infiltrated by the Germans and its members were arrested. De Geyter and some of his companions are sentenced to death by a German court martial. They were thus scheduled to be shot by firing squad. However, in February 1918 his daughter Clementine was killed during a British air raid over Kortrijk. Immediately, his family and friends sent in a new request for clemency, which after a long period was granted. In the meantime De Geyter’s six companions were shot in Ghent. After his penalty was commutated to one of life imprisonment with forced labour, he was held in a camp in Germany, close to the border with Poland. With the news of the Armistice in November 1918, the political prisoners were released. In December 1918 he finally arrived home and found his two sons had safely returned from the front. After the war De Geyter took an active part in the regular commemorative activities organised by the Ligue Patriotique des Anciens Prisonniers Politique de la Flandre Orientale / Vaderlandsch Verbond der Gewezen Politieke Gevangenen van Oost-Vlaanderen (National League of Former Political Prisoners of Eastern Flanders). He became a standard-bearer and so helped commemorate his friends who had perished during the Great War. The highly decorated De Geyter died in 1939’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Geyter was noted as living at 21 rue Pycke, Courtrai, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011; Van der Fraenen to the author, 23 March 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DE GEYTER, Georges, French Agent In 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his BEM. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1498/T1311). 332 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DEGEYTERCARNOY, Madame Elise, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Madame Degeyter-Carnoy’s address was noted as Mouscron, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). DEGEZELLE, Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Degezelle appears to have worked for the DP network. He was noted as living at 77 rue Haute, Deerlyck, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PROVENANCE: Degezelle’s medals, consisting of the Knight of the Order of Leopold II, the Medal for Political Prisoners, the Commemorative War Medal with crown, the Victory Medal, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire, and the British War Medal, appear to remain in family hands (ref: http://hendrik.atspace.com/hall/Hal-Degezelle.html, where he is referred to as ‘Joannes’ Degezelle). DEGHOY, Julien, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Deghoy was noted as living at Grand Route de St Amand, Hollain, Belgium. Deghoy joined the Dame Blanche network on 19 May 1918 and served with distinction as an observer, being released from service on 1 December 1918. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Deghoy, who worked as an electrician: ‘Has fulfilled his duties as a regional observer in the Tournai region. On different occasions he has penetrated into France at Orchies. On 19 October he crossed the enemy lines and gave the reports to a person in Rongy who then delivered them to the commander of the British troops on 21 October 1918’. Deghoy also received the British War Medal and an MID from the British government for his services (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; BMF Showcase: Casper’s Collection, 2012). PROVENANCE: Deghoy’s group, consisting of the Medal of the Order British Empire, Cross of Léopold 1 (1831–1865), Silver Medal of the Société Royale des Sauveteurs de Belgique (named Deghoy J), Victory Medal (Belgian issue) with MID, and the British War Medal (named J. Deghoy), are in a UK private collection (2012). DE GRAEVE, Mademoiselle Marguerite, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Graeve was noted as living at 27 Quai St Jean, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DEGRENDELE, Joseph, Belgian civilian Described as the gatekeeper on the railway crossing of the Rue-de-Messines near Poperinghe, Degrendele was awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). DE HERDT, Camille Ferdinand François, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He enthusiastically accepted the role of letterbox for the Sencier Service (M105 or R192) [part of Zone IV of Transmissions de SA, which operated in the northern part of Brabant province]. He fulfilled this role from June 1917 until February 1918 in absolutely perfect fashion, giving proof of a lot of initiative and decisiveness. Judging it being advantageous, he created a territorial observation service in the Antwerp region and delivered interesting information. Arrested for this service on 1 February 1918, he energetically refused to talk and after stoically having endured cruel torture by the hands of the German policemen, he was sentenced to death but was then pardoned. His wife succumbed to this torture’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis merely noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 333 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 1917 and 1918’. De Herdt’s address was noted as 45 rue de l’Abattoir, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 & P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). DE HEUSCH, Emile, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Heusch’s address was noted as 16 rue du Sable, Borgerhout, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from end of 1917 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). DE JAEGER, Léon, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Jaeger was noted as living in Hansbeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DE KEERSMAECKER, Jacques Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Keersmaecker was apparently arrested and imprisoned by the Germans for espionage from 1916 to 1918. He was noted as living at 3 Grand Quai, Tamise, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). PROVENANCE: The Belgian Croix de Guerre with palm, Military Medal (unnamed as issued), BWM with MID (named ‘J. L. de Keersmaeker’), Belgian Victory Medal and Civic Medal 191418, 1st Class, with swords, gilt, with clasp, 1914-1918, to De Keersmaecker, together with a British MID Certificate, named to ‘Monsieur J. L. de Keersmaeker. Tamise’, mentioned in Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig’s despatches of 8 November 1918; a letter to De Keersmaeker from the British Military Commission, War Office, London, dated 18 September 1919, confirming the award of the British War Medal ‘for valuable services rendered to the British Army during the Great War 19141918’; and a slip from British Military Intelligence Commission, 40 Rue Souveraine, Brussels, dated 10.4.1919, partly handwritten, partly printed, which reads, ‘Le porteur M. Louis De Keersmaeker est attaché au Service de Renseignements du Grand Quartier Général des Armées britanniques. Il est emprisonné du 17 Novembre 1916 au 17 Novembre 1918 [signed] I. A. Kirkpatrick. Captain for Major G.S.’, and a BWM (named L.M. Oeters’) were sold by DNW, 27 June 2007, lot 858, £2000 (hammer price). DE KEYSER, Julien, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Keyser was noted as living at Nukerke, par Elichove, près Audenarde, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DE KLERK, Lein, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Klerk’s address was noted as Maastricht, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † DELACROIX, Louis, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 21 December 1916. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Delacroix had been arrested by the Germans and was executed in St Quentin 27 December 1916. Efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his 334 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 medal to his widow, her permanent address having been recorded as 7 rue de Bouloirs, St Quentin, France (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1504/T3704, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1506/T4497 and FO 372/1507/T5017; CC, 17.10.1919; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DE LA DERRIERE, Soeur Marie, French Agent Living in Vervine, Aisne, France, Derrière was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). DELAITRE, Fernand, Marechal des Logis, Gendarmerie, attached to DAPM, Mons Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). DELATTRE, Paul Henry, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Delattre received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). DELAVIGNE, Gaston, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Delavigne received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). DE L’EPINE, Mademoiselle Clémé, French Agent Mademoiselle de l’Epine acted as an Agent with the Dame Blanche network, particularly in assisting setting up the Conneux Flying Squad; her own account of some of her activities being reproduced by Henry Landau (1935). In 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of her medal. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1498/ T1311 and FO 372/1499/T1588, the latter source noting her first name as ‘Clénié’; Landau, 1935, pp.133-140). DELFORGE, Marc, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Delforge was noted as living at 57 rue Godion, Sclayn, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, p.38). † DELFOSSE, François, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 8 May 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Delfosse was arrested and executed by the Germans at Charleroi on 11 May 1917. He had worked as a blacksmith with the Belgian national railway company and his home address was noted as 41 rue de la Verrerie, Louvain, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DELHAISE, Maurice Joseph Ghislain, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Delhaise was noted as living at 17 rue de la Madeleine, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; also awarded the BWM and MID: for details see: http://66.241.252.164/digital-archive). DELHAIZE, Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has fulfilled the duties of regional agent, and courier to Liège, Charleroy, Chima, Ciney and Brussels, for two years with an absolute dedication [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Delhaize is noted by Landau (1935) as being arrested in September 335 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 1917 and deported to Germany. He was recorded as a business agent and as living at 221 Chaussée de Waterloo, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Landau, 1935, p.56). DELHALLE, Louis A Belgian citizen, awarded the BEM (Civil Division) for ‘endeavouring to rescue a Canadian soldier from the River Meuse, near Seraing, on 7 January 1919’, a fuller version of the recommendation noting how: ‘On 7 Jany 1919, near Seraing a horse ridden by a Sergeant of the Canadian Forces, took fright at the approaching tram-car and with its rider plunged into the River Meuse, which was in flood. M Louis Delhalle immediately plunged into the river and swam towards the sergeant who unfortunately disappeared when M Delhalle was within four yards of him. He afterwards dived in lower down the river in effort to recover the sergeant’s body’. His address was noted as 52 rue de la Cite, Tilleur (TNA ref: FO 372/1293/43657 and FO 372/1294/61137; CC, 21.3.1919). See also Emile Vanderheyden. DELHAYE, Georges, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Delhaye was noted as living at 40 Chaussée de Louvain, Cortembergh, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DELHEID, Mademoiselle Marie Thérèse Françoise Gabrielle, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Delheid was noted as living in Bourcy, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DELMOTTE, Léon, Maréchal des Logis, Nationale Gendarmerie The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to Belgium, list 72, 8 May 1922 (WO 388/1 and FO 372/1764/T12765; CC, 22.11.1919). DELPHINE, Reverend Sister, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM, Sister Delphine was noted as a member of the Order of St Vincent de Paul and as attached to the Ecole de Hoogegraaf (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 21.11.1919). DELPLACE, Bartélémy Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He directed the post of Bertrix since its creation and was associated to the direction of the Namur battalion [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He served as courier between Namur and Brussels and between Namur and Liège. Has attempted to create multiple posts among which were those of Sedan and Mézières. He recruited others and acted as territorial observer’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Delplace was noted as an industrialist and as living at 6 rue du Parc, La Plante, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DELPORTE, Rev Père Lucien, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Rev Père Delporte was noted as living at 16 rue de Rome, Verviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DELRUELLE, Mademoiselle Julia, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Mademoiselle Delruelle: ‘fulfilled in 1918 the duties of liaison-agent between the [Corps d’Observation Anglais] direction and the female prisoners in the St-Léonard prison. She has completed her dangerous and extremely important tasks with an extraordinary audacity and capability’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Delruelle was noted as living at 2 rue du Nord, Liège, Belgium. Landau (1935) notes her as ‘Juliette Delrualle’, the daughter of the Belgian director in charge of the civil section of St Léonard Prison, Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012 Landau, 1935, p.62, 110, 161; CC, 21.11.1919). 336 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † DELSAULT, Joseph Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 1 November 1915, Delsault was an alderman and director of a shoe factory. He also served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network. He was arrested by the Germans in July 1915, following earlier arrests of other members of the network. Sentenced to death in Brussels on 2 November 1915, he was executed at the Tir National at Brussels on 6 November that year. His home address was noted as 110-112 rue de Ciply, Cuesmes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DELVAUX, Augustin, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by General Asser, GOC British Troops in France and Flanders, dated 12 January 1920, noted he was: ‘Premier Sous Chef de Station Namur. [He gave the] greatest assistance to British troops in connection with transport arrangements’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648). DELVIGNE, Ernest, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Delvigne was noted as living in Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MADRE, Mademoiselle Hermance, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘…she functioned as head of the safe-house at Péry with a praiseworthy endurance and bravery’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle De Madre was noted as living at 31 rue du Péry, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). PROVENANCE: The single BWM to De Madre is known to exist in a private Belgian collection (January 2011). DE MAEYER, Frans, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Frans De Maeyer was part of the Lux network and assisted his father, Charles Auguste De Maeyer, who was the Stationmaster at Hombeek-heike and ran an observation post from the family home. Frans De Maeyer transported observation reports written on cigarette paper (so they could be easily swallowed) to his school and delivered them to his superiors. He was noted as living at 169 rue de la Banque, Hombeek, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Clerbout, 2009; CC, 21.11.1919). DEMAGT, Paul, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Demagt was noted as a Sous Chef Principal, Hazebrouck-Ypres line. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Was put to work at Hazebrouck for the ROD when taking over the Hazebrouck-Ypres line. His devotion to duty has been most marked’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). DE MARTELAERE, Julien François, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘In April 1918 he created the post at Glons [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais], which observed the Tongeren-K[?]ix line. He directed this post and ensured the transport of reports to Liège until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Martelaere was noted as being Station Chief for the national railway company and lived at 48 Chaussée de Tongres, Glons, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MAYER, Charles Auguste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Mayer appears to have worked with the Lux network. He was noted as living at 169 rue de la Banque, Hombeek, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). 337 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE DE METS, Docteur, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Dr De Mets’ address was noted as 92 Avenue de France, Anvers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MEYER, Monsieur l’Abbé Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Meyer was noted as living at 40 Boulevard Conscience, Brughes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MOFFARTS, Monsieur le Baron Paolo, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Moffarts was noted as living at Chateau de Nieuwen Hoven, St Trond, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Landau, 1935, p.133; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MOL, Désiré, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), De Mol appears to have served with the Lux service. His address was noted as 89 rue des Grands Pres, Mons, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MOL, Franz, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Ensured an important courier service for the [Services de Transmission SA:] Services des Flandres for nine months, and an territorial observation post at Ghent. At the arrest of the agents of this Service, being betrayed, he fled to Holland. Nevertheless, he did not hesitate to return to Belgium a while later to reconstitute part of the service. He created a carrier pigeon transmission service to the Netherlands. He passed the electrical wire numerous times himself to get the carrier-pigeons from the Netherlands to Belgium’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), De Mol was described as a car dealer, his address being 34 Kerkstraat, Exaerde, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MOL-FIEVEZ, Madame Désiré, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Madame De Mol-Fievez appears to have worked for the Lux service. Her address was noted as 89 rue des Grands Pres, Mons, Belgium (TNA ref: FO 372/1301/167455 and WO 106/6192; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MOOR, Monsieur l’Abbé Vincent, Belgian Agent L’Abbé de Moor worked as an Agent of Major Cameron in Holland. Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), de Moor’s address was noted as 72 Avenue Leon Mahillon, Brussels, Belgium. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Landau, 1935, p.34 and 37; CC, 21.11.1919). DE MOURE, Gastâo, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Rio de Janeiro The original recommendation noted that: ‘De Moure has been for some nine years in the employ of His Majesty’s Government, and during this period his work and devotion to duty have given entire satisfaction, and I am told that he has proved himself throughout to be a most reliable, competent, and hard-working servant. This I see every reason to believe. I would moreover draw Your Lordship’s attention more especially to his record during the late war. During that period his normal work was naturally much increased, while as a result of the convoy system, a considerable amount of night work was thrown upon him, owing to the fact that His Majesty’s Ships usually left this port after sundown. His ability and tact in dealing with minor local officials, e.g. Customs and port authorities, have always been of the utmost value, while his loyalty to this Embassy and to all that affects it – both officially and privately – has been most constant. The performance during the 338 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 late war of his multifarious duties has frequently entailed on him personal inconveniences and on some occasions actual hardship, but he has invariably carried out the work entrusted to him with alacrity and generally with conspicuous success. He is most reliable and inspired with a strict sense of duty and honesty… ‘. The award of the BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King in June 1921 and was presented in Rio in August that year (TNA ref: FO 372/1762/T7273 and T8320 and FO 372/1764/T10877; CC, 27.6.1921). † DEMUER, Théodore, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, dated as from 5 April 1917, Demuer had been arrested and exectuted by the Germans in Ghent on 10 April 1917. His last home address was noted as 311 rue St Lievin, Grand Sud, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † DEMUNCK, Arnold Joseph Jacques, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, dated as from 10 December 1916, Demunck had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 16 December 1916. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. He had worked as a chief supervisor with the Belgian railways and his last home address was noted as rue du Val-Benoit, Angleur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 10.12.1918; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DENGIS, Nicholas Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Dengis was noted as living at 104 rue du Chemin de Fer, Ans, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DEPAGE, Madame Vve Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Madame Depage’s address was noted as 7 Avenue de la Toison d’Or, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † DE PAUN, Camille, Belgian Agent The original recommendation for the BEM, forwarded by the War Office on 28 October 1918, noted that the award was: ‘For valuable services rendered in connection with intelligence’, De Paun having worked for two years with his service. Apparently entitled to the British War Medal (under the name ‘Camille De Pauw’), his Medal Index Card notes him as ‘Died’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1192/180701; Medal Index Card, WO 372). DE POMEREU, Guy, Brigadier Interprete, Attaché au King’s Messenger Service, Britannique The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to France, list 60, 22 March 1920 (TNA ref: WO 388/2; CC, 11.2.1920). DEPUYDT, Emerie, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Depuydt was noted as a General Worker at Bailleul Workshops. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, stated that: ‘At Bailleul Workshop [he] has since 1915 done much good work in holding workers together on many occasions’; his address is noted as rue Nationale, Meteren. Efforts were still being made to locate him in November 1920 to facilitate the French government vetting him (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1534/ T12134; CC, 20.8.1919). DE RADIGUES, Mademoiselle Marguerite, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Radigues was noted as living at Chateau de Conneux, Leignon, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192; CC, 21.11.1919). 339 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE † DE RIDDER, Théophile François, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, dated as from 25 February 1916, De Ridder was a paperhanger and courier in the Carlot-Louis network. Arrested by the Germans, he was tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and executed on 3 March at the Camp de Casteau. His last home address was noted as 39 rue de la Verdure, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DERLET, Baptiste, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by Captain Robertson, RTO at Brussels, noted he was: ‘Deputy Station Master, Gare du Midi at Brussels’, this being again brought to notice by Sir Francis Villiers, British Ambassador at Brussels, on 9 August 1920. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648 and FO 372/1517/T9337). DEROUX, Maurice, Police Agent, Mons Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). DE RUYSSCHER, Isaac, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Ruysscher’s address was noted as Areen, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DE SAINT-ANDRE, Louis Gabriel Pietevin, French citizen The Central Chancery notes De Saint-André received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). † DESCAMPS, Jules, Belgian Agent Arrested and executed by the Germans in Brussels on 25 June 1917 as a result of his espionage activities, Descamps was awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. His last address was noted as 31 Avenue Fousny, Brussels, Belgium. The medal was sent to and signed for by his widow (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; http://civils19141918. canalblog.com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † DESCAMPS, Lucien, Belgian Agent Arrested and executed by the Germans in Brussels on 25 June 1917 as a result of his espionage activities, Descamps was awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. His last address was noted as 44 Chaussee de Louvain, St Josse-ten-Noode, Belgium. The medal was sent to and signed for by his widow (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; http:// civils19141918.canalblog.com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † DESCHEUTTER, Jules, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, dated as from 3 June 1916, Descheutter’s house in Couillet was set on fire during the German invasion. Along with wife and child, he moved in with his parents who lived at Liers next to a railway. Soon he became the head of a railway observation post. He was arrested and executed by the Germans in Liège on 7 June 1915. His last address was noted as Route Provinciale, Liers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 340 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † DESMOTTES, Léon Ghislain, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Desmottes had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 16 December 1916 and is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège. He had worked as an accountant and his home address was noted as 69 rue du Canal, Herstal, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.belmemorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 21.11.1919). † DESMOULINS, Clotaire, French Agent The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. According to Debruyne and Van der Fraynen (2012), Desmoulins was a courier of the Marié service. Arrested in May 1916, he was condemned to 15 years’ imprisonment and died during deportation. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 24 December 1916. He was noted as having been a workman and as having lived on Rue d’Avesnes-le-Sec, Villers-en-Cauchies, France. None of his representatives attended the general presentation by Major-General Thwaites in Lille on 28 January 1920. His mother was due to subsequently receive his medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342, FO 372/1504/T3704, FO 372/1498/ T1311 and possibly FO 372/1502/T2901; CC, 17.10.1919; Emmanuel Debruyne and Jan Van der Fraenen, personal communication, February 2012). † DESMOULINS, Edouard, French Agent The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 24 December 1916. Having lived on Rue d’Avesnes-le-Sec, Villers-enCauchies, France, Desmoulins had died by 1920 (having very possibly been killed during the war). None of his representatives attended the general presentation by Major-General Thwaites in Lille on 28 January 1920. His widow was due to subsequently receive his medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1301/167455, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1502/ T2901 and FO 372/1506/T4497; CC, 17.10.1919). † DESMOULINS, Voltaire, French Agent Arrested and executed by the Germans in St Quentin on 27 December 1916, Desmoulins (also noted as ‘Demoulin’) was posthumously awarded the BEM (Military Division). Efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his medal to his next of kin, his mother, who in 1920 was living in Villers-en-Cauchies. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1507/T5017 and possibly FO 372/1502/T2901; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DESOER, Armand, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Desoer’s address was noted as 15 Quai Vouva, Ougree, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). DESQUENNES, Marcel, French Agent Living at 101 rue de Tourcoing, Roubaix, Nord, France, efforts were made in 1920 to trace him to present him with his BEM (Military Division) (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1498/T1311 and FO 372/1502/T2901; CC, 21.11.1919). DESTOMBE, Narcise, French Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Destombe was noted as living at 79 rue Royale, Lille, France. He was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919). 341 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE DE STOOP, Joseph, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, De Stoop was living at 11 rue de Gand, Courtrai, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916, 1917 and 1918’. He appears also to have received the Allied Subjects Medal in bronze, while his wife, son and daughter-in-law received letters of thanks for assisting British POWs (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1756/T198; CC, 27.2.1920). DE SUTTER, Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Sutter’s address was noted as 13 rue du Moulin, Eecloo, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from September 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). DE TREMERIE, Henri Théophile, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM, De Tremerie was noted as a Schoolmaster; ‘Faisant fonctions de Secretaire Communal’. The original recommendation noted that De Tremerie (and René Therry): ‘’Remained at their posts not withstanding the heavy and continual shelling to which the commune of Ploegsteert was submitted; have by their thorough knowledge of regulations been a great help in the billeting of the troops cantoned on the village, and have by their presence made the relations very easy between the British Authorities and the civilian population. They only left Ploegsteert when the population was evacuated by order of the British Authorities’; while his address was noted as rue du Sac, Ploegsteert (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). DE VALERIOLA, Mademoiselle Alice Fernande, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Mademoiselle De Valeriola’s address was noted as 128 rue Dodonee, Uccle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.223-232 for discussion of a relative). DE VESTEL, André, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Vestel was noted as living in rue de la Ronche, Mont sur Marchiennes, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DEVIS, Jean François Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Devis was noted as living at 118 Chaussée de Malines, ErpsQuerbs, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919, which notes the recipient was French). DE VRIES, Albert, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Vries’ address was noted as Maastricht, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’. De Vries later wrote to the British Ambassador at The Hague on 3 February 1921, noting that he was Brigade Commandant of the Royal Maréchaussée at Lichtmis, Province of Overijsel, and that as he had received diplomas (‘Grants of Dignity’) with his French and Belgian 342 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 decorations he would appreciate receiving the equivalent document from the British government. The Foreign Office replied on 24 February that no such documents were issued with the Medal of the Order (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1774/T2028; CC, 17.10.1919). DE VUYST, Florent, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Vuyst’s address was noted as 12 rue Van Caneghem, Gand, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DE WERGIFOSSE, Guilleaume, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), De Wergifosse’s address was noted as 76 rue du Jardon, Herve, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DEWESALMON, Madame Dieudonnée, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Madame Dewe-Salmon’s address was noted as 16 rue Coupee, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). DE WEVER, Mademoiselle Zulma, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle De Wever was noted as living at 59 Langelede, Wachtebeke, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “SousChef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DE WILDE, Désiré, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He created single-handedly a territorial observation service [Services de Transmission SA: Services des Flandres] in the Wachtebeke region, which functioned from October 1916 until the ceasefire. He was a precious source of information that permitted regular and precise identification of all enemy troops coming to rest in the Waas-region’. The British synopsis for the BEM (Military Division), by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), noted merely that the he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’. De Wilde was a postman and his address was noted as Wachtebeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DE WILDE, Laurent, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Wilde was noted as living at 115 rue de la Station, Baesrode, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that De Wilde, who worked as an electrician: ‘created the Dendermonde group [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais], including a railway observation post on the Puurs-Dendermonde line, a river-way observation post and an observation post of the Schelde river. These posts were operating from the beginning of 1918 until the cease-fire. He entered Ghent on several occasions to create a post on the Ghent-Kortrijk line there’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). 343 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE DE WILDE, Oscar, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), De Wilde was noted as living at 112 Chaussée de Bruxelles, Gentbrugge, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † DEWISPELAERE, Prudent Richard, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated 14 September 1915, Dewispelaere had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Brugge on 17 September 1915. He had worked as a bricklayer and his home address was noted as 23 Zevensterre-straat, Bruges, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). D’HAENVAN DEN BROECK, Madame Célestine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame D’Haen-Van den Broeck was noted as living in rue de la Station, Baesrode, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She has fulfilled the duties of special courier from Dendermond to Brussels [with the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from February 1918 until the cease-fire’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DIDERICH, Auguste, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Diderich’s address was noted as c/o Dr Rischard, 20 Boulevard Royal, Luxemburg (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see also Morgan, 2004). DIEPENHORST, Jeanne, Mejuffrouw, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Diepenhorst’s address was noted as 13 rue Ernest Allad, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in enemy territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DIEU, Robert Ulysse, Belgian Agent Approved for the award of the BEM (Military Division), Dieu was noted as living at 41 rue de Boussen, Dour, Belgium. He attended the presentation ceremony in the Town Hall in Brussels on 30 January 1920 and, in the words of the official report: ‘when called upon to receive the Medal of the Order, refused with considerable heat to accept it from me and stated in front of the assembled audience that he should have had a higher decoration. I returned the medal to the officer handing me the decorations and waved the person away. I would say in connection with this that every award had been previously considered on its merits for military services rendered, by a Commission of British officers connected with the Intelligence Service and these awards were endorsed and passed by the Belgian heads of Organisations. We were therefore on very strong ground. Moreover, each individual knew exactly what class of the Order he was to receive before the ceremony and consequently I regarded the attitude of this particular person as one of more than gross discourtesy. I suggest that his name be deleted from the list of awards, and have given provisional instructions to this effect’. His name was removed from the roll. Dieu subsequently unsuccessfully petitioned the authorities for his medal in May 1920. Landau (1935) noted that Dieu: ‘having served a long prison sentence after being condemned to death and reprieved, he thought he should have received the maximum award, even though he was arrested before he could even send us a single report’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1511/T6858, FO 372/1498/T1320, FO 372/1501/T2617, FO 372/1509/ T5766 and FO 372/1511/T6858; Landau, 1934, p.216). DIJON, Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Dijon was noted as living in rue Vankerberghen, Huy, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 344 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DINGLE, Alfred, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Lisbon The recommendation for Dingle and another man for the BEM (Civil Division) stated that they: invariably discharged [their duty] with zeal and devotion under circumstances of difficulty and no inconsiderable personal danger. Alfred Dingle, age 42, engaged 15 February 1914, British subject… During the revolutions of 1915 and 1917 both these men continued without demur their usual duties of going to the Post Office and to other places on official business in the centre of the town where severe fighting was proceeding in the streets. During these journeys they had constantly to take shelter and were exposed to much risk as there was frequently incessant firing in the streets through which they had to pass. On other occasions when there have been serious disturbances in the town and lives have been lost through bombs and shooting both these men have carried on their duties as messengers as usual. During the revolution of 1915 an English family telephoned to me that they were in great danger as the house in which they lodged was being besieged and they begged for assistance. Dingle volunteered to go in my motorcar displaying the British flag to rescue them. He reached the house but found that the family had managed to get away. He returned to the Legation in safety but brisk firing was going on in that quarter of the town…’. The award to Dingle (only) was approved by the King in April 1921. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3768 and T3832). DONCKERWOLKE, Hector, Belgian Agent With an address noted as rue du Marais, Boussu, Donckerwolke was awarded the BEM (Military Division) for secret service work. He was also awarded the Allied Subjects Medal in bronze for assisting British POWs (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1756/T198; CC, 21.11.1919). DONNAY, Oscar, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935) Donnay assisted in organising train-watching posts in Liège, Namur and Jemelle, reporting German troop movements. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Donnay was noted as living at 137 Thier à Liège, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, p.14 and 27). DONNER, Mademoiselle Jeanne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Donner was noted as living in Martelange, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DONNER, Mademoiselle Marguerite, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Together with her sisters Marie, Jeanne and Yvonne Donner, she functioned as a cross-border mailbox for the double transmissision Athus-Arlon-Martelange and Luxemburg-Martelange. With the same dedication she functioned as a courier between Arlon and Martelange and recruited the two agents who had to ensure the further transmittal [of information] to the centre of the Corps [d’Observation Anglais]. She completed these different tasks in an admirable fashion from 20 January 1918 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Donner was noted as living in Martelange, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DONNER, Mademoiselle Marie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Donner was noted as living in Martelange, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DONNER, Mademoiselle Yvonne, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Together with her sisters Marie, Jeanne and Marguerite Donner, she functioned as a cross-border mailbox for the double transmissision Athus-Arlon-Martelange and Luxemburg-Martelange. With the same dedication she functioned as a courier between Arlon and Martelange and recruited the two agents who had to ensure the further transmittal [of information] to the centre of the Corps [d’Observation Anglais]. She completed these different tasks in an admirable fashion from 20 345 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE January 1918 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Donner was noted as living in Martelange, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DORIGNEAUX, Monsieur l’Abbé Edouard, Curé of Sart d’Avril, Nouville-les Bois, Belgium Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). DORIVAL, Jules, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Dorival received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). DOUBLET, Oscar, French Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Mr Doublet has, from September 1917 until May 1918, ensured the transport of files of the Hirson platoon [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from Trélon to Momignies (Chimay) across the border, doing so with an extreme capability and braveness. The presence of the Kaiser at Trélon has not impeded him in accomplishing his task. Mr Doublet, whom the [Corps] had to take into hiding in May 1918, gave proof of a great sang-froid, which saved him when crossing the electrical wire on the Belgian-Dutch border’. A textile worker living at Trélon, Nord, France, Doublet was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; and Landau, 1935, p.62 for a photograph). PROVENANCE: Doublet’s single British War Medal was sold on Speedbid in 2006 for £115; it was then auctioned, together with two further medals (details unknown), by Neate Auctions in 2008. DOUEZ, Emile, French Agent With an address at Palais de Justice, Lille, France, Douez was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919). DOUTRELIGNE, Mademoiselle Jeanne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Doutreligne was noted as living at 24 rue d’Eyne, Audenarde, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see also Landau, 1935, p.294 who notes that a ‘Mademoiselle Doutreligne’ was the fiancée of Joseph Backelman and set up an espionage service that ran for over a year after his execution – which of the Doutrelignes this was is unclear). DOUTRELIGNE, Mademoiselle Marie-Thérèse, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Masdemoiselle Doutreligne appears to have worked for the Franck network. She was noted as living at 24 rue d’Eyne, Audenarde, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; see also above). DOUTRELIGNE, Mademoiselle Marthe, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Doutreligne was noted as living at 24 rue d’Eyne, Audenarde, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see also above). DREESEN, Julien Lucien, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Dreesen’s address was noted as 50 rue Vandermaelen, Molenbeek St Jean, Belgium. 346 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). DUBOIS, Alexandre, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Dubois received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). DUBOIS, Désiré, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘he held the observation post of the Liège-Visé line from August 1917 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He has received congratulations from the military authorities a number of times for the quality of his observations’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Dubois was noted as an electrician working for the Telegraph Administration and as living at 22 rue Mouland, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). DUBOIS, René, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Dubois was noted as living at 4 rue Jules Bours, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DUBOIS, Urbain, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Dubois received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). DUBOISDELHAXHE, Madame Marguerite, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Madame Dubois-Delhaxhe was an: ‘elite-courier of the Corps [d’Observation Anglais]. Attached to the line II she completed her tasks with an absolute braveness, dedication and self-sacrifice’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Dubois-Delhaxhe was noted as being a housewife and as living at 22 rue Mouland, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). † DUCHAMPS, Michel Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Duchamps had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 16 December 1916. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. Duchamps had been a piano player and mucic teacher; his home address was noted as 27 rue Leon Mignon, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; www.1914-1918. be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DUCRUET, August Alphonse, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Ducruet received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). † DUERLOO, Henri François, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 4 June 1916. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916.’ Duerloo had served with the Transmission SA (M4007) network as courier. Wanted by the Germans with a price on his head, he was caught by two Belgian brothers on Netherlands soil and dragged across the border back to Belgium where he was abused by the Germans and put in Antwerpen prison. Dutch authorities didn’t take this lightly and demanded his release and return back to the Netherlands. When negotiations with a Dutch officer on the border turned in favour of Duerloo, the Germans put him back into a car and drove off. Between some 347 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE trees on the roadside near Essen he was shot to death on 27 June 1918 under the pretext that he had tried to escape. Duerloo had been a bricklayer and his home address was noted as Eikant, Esschen, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). DUFAILLY, Madame Julia, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Madame Dufailly was noted as a Worker in AOD Receipts Depot, Graville, Havre. The original recommendation, dated 16 December 1917, described the recipient as having: ‘…done good work while employed at the Ordnance Receipts Depot at Graville. She has been dealing with salvage for two and a half years’; her address was noted as 18 rue du Chateau Graville, Le Havre (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). DUFOUR, Mademoiselle Josephine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Dufour was noted as living at 8 rue Etienne Soubre, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DUKERS, Mademoiselle Gabrielle Catherine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Dukers was noted as living at 71 Ecluse de Devant le Pont, Visé, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). DUPIN, Jean Pierre Guilaume, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Dupin received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). DUPLAT, Charles Emile Achille, Sergent d’Infanterie Awarded the BEM (Military Division), with four other recipients: ‘…in recognition of the assistance they have given to the British Espionage Services in England and Holland during the war and in Belgium since the Armistice’; on 14 October 1919 the British Embassy in Paris requested further information on the recipient’s unit to assist them in tracing him to organise the presentation. The BEM was among the military exchange awards to France, list 49, 1 December 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/133806 and WO 388/2; CC, 20.8.1919). DUPONT, Monsieur le Rev Père Arthur, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘…he actively cooperated in creating the Corps [d’Observation Anglais] and served as spiritual and moral counselor to its directing members until the cease-fire’. According to Landau (1935), Rev Dupont was a Jesuit priest who assisted in establishing train-watching services in Liège, Namur and Jemelle, reporting on German troop movements. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Rev Dupont was noted as living at 151 rue de Bommel, Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Landau, 1935, p.14). DUPUICH, Mademoiselle Henriette Elisabeth, Belgian Agent With an address noted as 64 rue Ten Bosch, Ixelles, Mademoiselle Dupuich was awarded the BEM (Military Division) for work as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais. She was also awarded the Allied Subjects Medal in bronze for assisting British POWs (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1756/T198; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DUPUIS, Walter Joseph-Victor, 8154 Adjutant, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.1919). 348 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 DURVIN, Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Durvin was noted as living in Macquenoise, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). DUTILLIEUL, Mademoiselle Marie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Dutillieul appears to have worked for the Lux network. She was noted as living at 16 Chemin des Prés, Lessines, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PROVENANCE: A partial group, consisting of the Knight of the Order of the Crown, BWM, Belgian Victory Medal and a Belgian Commemorative Medal, to Mademoiselle Dutillieul are known in a private UK collection (November 2010). DUTILLIEULMARIAULE, Madame Charlotte Hortense, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Dutillieul-Mariaule appears to have worked for the Lux network. She was noted as living at 16 Chemin des Prés, Lessines, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). 349 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Above Left: Franz Creuzen, Belgian Agent Above Right: Julia Delruelle, Belgian Agent Below: Evariste De Geyter, Belgian Agent 350 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 E † EGGERMONT, Renier, Belgian Agent The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated 23 June 1918, Eggermont’s last address was noted as Worteghem, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). EGO, Alexandre Auguste, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Ego: ‘…has enthusiastically accepted to the role of letterbox for the M105 service [related to Zone IV of Transmissions de SA, which operated in the northern part of Brabant province]. He has acquitted himself in his role in a perfect manner from May until October 1918, giving proof to a lot of initiative and a fanatical devotion. The courier to the border, at a certain time, having abandoned his task, Ego, although not familiar with the border region didn’t hesitate to go himself to the rendez-vous at the electrical wire on two occasions. Arrested on the way back from his second meeting, he refused to talk, and escaped a certain conviction only due to the approach of the cease-fire’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis merely noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’. Ego worked for the Belgian national railway company and his address was noted as 4 Canal au Sucre, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 & P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). EMOND, Arthur, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He functioned as observer [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] of the Ciney artillery camp from mid-December 1917 and furnished exceptionally precise information concerning the movement of troops who came there for courses. His reports have been extremely appreciated by the British military authorities who sent their repeated congratulations’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Emond was noted as a student and as living at 6 Place St Roch, Ciney, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 12.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). ENAUX, Mademoiselle Adrienne Germaine, French Agent Living at 10 rue de l’Entrepot, Fourmies, Nord, France, Enaux was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 but did not attend on the day (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). ENAUX, Mademoiselle Marcelle Marguerite, French Agent Living at 10 rue de l’Entrepot, Fourmies, Nord, France, Enaux was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 but did not attend on the day (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). ESKOK, Wardon, 690 Lance-Corporal, 2nd Assyrian Battalion, Iraq Levies The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 13.4.1922). 351 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE EYDT, Mademoiselle Anna, Luxemburg Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Mademoiselle Eydt: ‘…ensured the surveillance post on the Pepinster-Spa line [for the Siquet network] from 16 February until 15 March 1918. Arrested on 26 April, she behave heroically in front of her judges and was condemned to 12 years’ forced labour’. Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Mademoiselle Eydt was noted as being a coatmaker and as living at 146 rue Neuve, Pepinster, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). EYDT, Mademoiselle Lucie, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Eydt was noted as living at 146 rue Neuve, Pepinster, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Belgium during 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). EYKHOLT, Johannes, De Heer, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Eykholt’s address was noted as 27 Kerkstraat, Lommel, Holland. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Belgium during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 352 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 F FALAYFIL, Hasoon Ibn, Yuzbashi, 2nd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). FARENC, Jean, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Farenc received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). FAVIER, Dr Pierre Dr Favier was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920, his address being noted as 22 rue Ste Barbe, Tourcoing, France (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1301/167455, FO 372/1497/T801 and FO 372/1502/T2901; CC, 21.11.1919). FAYEN, Arnold, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Fayen was noted as living at 14 rue de la Reine, Schaerbeek, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Landau, 1935, p.40. 43 and 58; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). FEDRIANI, Jules, Italian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Fedriani was noted as an Assistant Engineer with Egyptian State Railways. The original recommendation, dated 14 January 1919, described how the recipient rendered: ‘Excellent service on railway work for defence of Suez Canal New Lines, East of Canal, as well as very rapid doubling of the railway from Ismailia to Zagazig (70 kilometres in 30 days) with heavy materials; and work done without stopping traffic. Erecting of all new stations and construction of sidings, etc, for them in the Canal Defence Zone’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). FERBER, Frédéric, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Ferber was noted as living in Macon, Belgium, where he was the Director of the local federation of clogmakers. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Mr Ferber has performed with dedication and zeal the duties of secretary of 4th company (Chimay) [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais] for about one year’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). FERRER, Gabriel, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Madrid The Foreign Office file on this case notes that: ‘In 1919 Sir Arthur Hardinge urged very strongly that some recognition should be given to Ferrer for his loyalty, devotion and hard work, which he regarded as worthy of the highest praise. Ferrer was paid rather a poor salary, and there were plenty of German espionage agents, well supplied with funds and thoroughly unscrupulous, to whom Ferrer could have betrayed official information, to his own considerable pecuniary profit, had he been so disposed. Nor would people in his own class have thought much the worse of him if he had done so. The work which fell upon him during the war was very severe and had the Medal of the Order of the British Empire been available in 1919 for recognising the services of Chancery servants there is no doubt that a recommendation in favour of its bestowal upon Ferrer would have been most favourably entertained here’, while the recommendation itself drew attention to a despatch by Sir Arthur Hardinge of 24 June 1919, this being endorsed: ‘very strongly. Since I have been here I have had many occasions to praise this Chancery Servant’s zeal and efficiency and from what I have heard, the appreciation of his work set forth in Sir Arthur Hardinge’s despatch referred to above 353 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE is in no way excessive…’. The BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King in April 1921 and presented to Ferrer by the Ambassador at Madrid on 30 April 1921. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3819 and FO 372/1760/T5165 and T5165). FINCK, Joseph Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Finck was noted as living at 12 Halconreux, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). FLORENCE, Reverend Mother, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM, Rev Mother Florence was noted as a Nun of the Order of St Vincent de Paul and Head of the School of Hoogegraaf (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). FONTAINE, Albert, Boiler Inspector, Belgian State Railways (Condekerque) Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). FONTAINE, Louis Joseph, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Fontaine was noted as a Public Teacher and Village Clerk at Tatinghem, Pas-de-Calais. The original recommendation noted that the recipient: ‘Is practically the acting Mayor, as the Mayor is with the Colours and the Deputy-Mayor is very old. Extremely valuable co-operation with the Area Commandant as regards billeting’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). FORERO, Pedro, Chancery Messenger at the British Legation at Bogota Proposed for the BEM (Civil Division) by Lord H A R Hervey, the British representative at Bogata, on 23 August 1920, the recommendation noted that Forero, a Columbian national, was the: ‘Legation messenger. Rendered valuable services in connection with distribution of propaganda, receiving no extra recognition’. The award was approved by the King in September and forwarded to Lord Hervey (TNA ref: FO 372/1517/T9716 and FO 372/1519/T10490; CC, 13.9.1919) FOUCART, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Foucart was noted as living at 1 rue de la Gendarmerie, Ath, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). FOURNIER, Arthur, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Forunier was noted as a Secretaire de la Marie de Long, Somme. The original recommendation, dated 9 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘from Aug[ust] to Oct[ober] 1916 gave the most valuable assistance to the X co[mpan]y staff in order to accommodate the troops billeted at Long and to promote their welfare’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). FOVEL, Mademoiselle Augusta, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Fovel was noted as living at 79 rue de l’Ecole, Mont St Amand-les-Grand, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). FRAIKIN, Jean F, 12284 Adjutant, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with 354 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.1919). FRAIKIN, Nicolas, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Fraikin’s address was noted as 27 Place Sauvy, Verviers, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from May 1917 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). FRANCK, Charles, French Agent A French civilian, Franck was living at 51 rue de Beaufort, Hautmont, Nord, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185; CC, 27.2.1920). FRANCK, Mathias, Luxemburg Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Franck: ‘has surveyed the Luxembourg-Arlon line [for the M300 network] from 1 November 1917 until 30 May 1918. Arrested on 30 May 1918 and condemned to 15 years forced labour, he did not waver in front of his judges’. The English general recommendation noted that Franck had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Luxemburg during 1917 and 1918’. Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Franck was noted as being Station Sub-Chief for the national railways and as living at Noerdange, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). FRANCOIS, Jules, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), François’ address was noted as 29 Place Saintelette, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † FRANCOIS, Léon Jean Baptiste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), François had been arrested and executed by the Germans at Liège on 28 October 1915. He had worked as a trolley controller and his last home address was noted as 52 rue Molinvaux, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † FRANCOIS, Lucien, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 24 December 1916. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Having lived at 6 rue d’Arras, Cambrai, France, François had worked as a radio operator reporting train movements for British Military Intelligence as part of ‘Group Victor’. He was captured following the capture of the group’s leader, Victor Marie, and his defection to the Germans. Imprisoned in St Quentin Prison, Lucien François was shot at dawn on 27 December 1916. In 1920 his body was reinterred at Crevecoeur-sur-Escaut. His widow was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1300/166342 and 355 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 17.10.1919; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). PROVENANCE: François’ medals, though excluding his BEM, are in a private UK collection and consist of the Legion d’Honneur (Chevalier), Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre (1914-16 type), French War Medal, French Victory Medal, British War Medal with MID, and Belgian Yser Medal. FRANCOU, Fernand, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Francou was noted as living at 89 rue Gambetta, Hautmont, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). FRANCOUAL, Arthur, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Francoual received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). FREDERIX, Louis Guillaume Hubert, De Heer, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Frederix’s address was noted as 66 Papenweg, Sint Pierre-lez-Maastricht, Holland. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Belgium during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). FRENAYDERACHE, Madame Louise, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 3 July 1915. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’. Madame Frenay-Derache’s address was noted as 77 Quai de Longdoz, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). FRERE, Monsieur l’Abbé Nestor, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Frère was noted as living in Froyennes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). FRISSON, Vital, French Agent Living in Hanappe, Ardennes, France, Frisson (or ‘Frison’; he appears referenced with both spellings) was due to be presented with his BEM (Military Division) in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919, where he is noted as French). FRISQUE, Albert, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Frisque’s address was noted as 5 Avenue de la Gare, Gembloux, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 356 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 G GABRIDIN, François, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Gabridin was noted as a Commissary of Police, Hazebrouck. The original recommendation described how the recipient: ‘As Chief of the police of Hazebrouck has always done his duty manfully under the bombardments and given his heartiest support to the British Authorities’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). GALLOY, Jules, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘From 15 February 1918 until the cease-fire he served as cross-Etappengebiet courier between Martelange and Bastogne [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. It was a task he completed without hesitation, although it had become very dangerous after the drop-point at Martelange was searched’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Galloy was noted as living in Bastogne, Belgium (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). GAROT, Pierre, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that he: ‘…has completed the duties of courier [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] for line 7 from its creation in August 1918 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Garot was noted as working as a travelling sales agent and as living at 106 rue St Séverin, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). GAROT, Pierre Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Garot’s address was noted as 15 rue de la Siréne, Liège, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). GASCHY, Charles Augustin, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Gaschy received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). GAUDY, Auguste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Gaudy was noted as living at 13 rue Bois Robert, Manage, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). GEERINCK, Franz, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Geerinck: ‘Created, together with his sons, a railway observation post for the Dendermonde knot [Services de Transmission SA: Services des Flandres], and delivered comprehensive and very exact reports. He was arrested on 16 December 1917, together with other members of the Service he belonged to. He kept a courageous attitude and succeeding in saving his life, only being condemned to 10 years of forced labour’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Geerinck was described as being a waiting-room supervisor with the Belgian national railway company and his address was noted as 17 Dyksken, Lokeren, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 357 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE GEERINCKX, Joseph Petrus, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Geerinckx was living at 23 rue du Musee, Antwerp, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185; CC, 27.2.1920). GELDHOF, Raymond, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Geldhof was noted as living at 31 rue de la Gare, Wachtebeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). GELLENS, Jean, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘for two years he served as counter-intelligence agent and courier for the direction, attached to the Corps [d’Observation Anglais] Headquarters’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Gellens was noted as working as a State Security Agent and as living at 82 rue du Coq, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). GENOT, Alfred, French Agent The original recommendation for the BEM (Military Division) (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Mr Genot has successfully occupied the post of chief of the Hirson section [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He served for a long time as courier between the St-Michel post, which he had founded, and Belgium. He gave proof of sang-froid and bravery in his dangerous functions’. Living at 11 rue de la Terre des Roses, St Michel, Aisne, France, Genot (who was a metalworker) was due to be presented with his medal in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). GENOTHURIEZ, Madame Suzanne, French Agent Living at 11 rue de la Terre des Roses, à St Michel, Aisne, France, Madame Genot-Huriez was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). GENTY, Robert Alban, Caporal, 20th Section SEM et R Paris The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to France, list 58, 9 February 1920 (TNA ref: WO 388/2 and FO 372/1498/T968; CC, 6.12.1919). GERARD, Maurice, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Gerard was noted as living at Avenue Glessener, Luxemburg (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). GEURTS, Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Geurts was noted as living at 108 rue du Village, Veldwezelt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † GHISLAIN, Alfred, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 26 February 1916. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. Ghislain worked as a travelling salesman (commercial agent) and was prominent in the Carlot-Louis network. His chef de service was taken by the Germans and betrayed Ghislain to save his own life. Arrested by the Germans, Ghislain was tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and executed there on 3 March at the Camp de Casteau. His home address was noted as 229 rue Grande, Hornu, Belgium. Ghislain was also awarded the British War Medal, his MIC noting him as having ‘died’. The rue Alfred Ghislain in Boussu was 358 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 named after him. The chef de service who gave up Ghislain’s identity was imprisoned by the Belgian government after the war (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and Medal Index Card; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 17.10.1919). † GHISLAIN, Arthur, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 25 February 1916, Ghislain served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network. His address was noted as 229 rue Grande, Hornu, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 4.6.1917). GILLIARD, Lucien Marcel, French Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘although only active since 1 September 1918, Mr Gilliard [an office employee] succeeded in completing the observation of the Hirson-La Capelle line during the night [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. Moreover, he installed a regional service in the Hirson region’. Living on rue d’En Bas, Neuve-Maison, Aisne, France, Gilliard was due to be presented with his BEM (Military Division) in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). GILLIES, Charles The original recommendation for the BEM (Civil Division) from the FM C-in-C, dated 18 April 1918, was jointly for the recipient and Paul Laurent: ‘On 22 March 1918 these two men (civilians) stuck to their posts at Achiet-le-Grand when it was being heavily shelled, and very greatly assisted in the successful evacuation of material from Bapaume Line’. Supported by the Army Council and submitted by the War Office on 10 May 1918, the recipient was noted as an employee of the Chemin de Fer du Nord and was based at Candas Station. The award was approved by the King on 5 July 1918 and on 25 July the Foreign Office despatched the medal to the French government who were to arrange the presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/84151, FO 372/1190/126977 and FO 372/1778/ T5096; CC, 19.7.1918). GILTAIX, Désiré, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Giltaix’s address was noted as 15 rue Léopold, Liège, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). GLASSER, Jules Pierre, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Glasser received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). GLASSMAN, Louis, French Agent A French civilian, Glassman’s address was Industriel, Barembach pres Schirmeck, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/ T3185; CC, 27.2.1920). GODIN, Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Godin was noted as living in Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). GOEDERT, Mademoiselle Jeanne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Goedert was noted as living at rue de la Station, Arlon, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 359 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE GOOSSENS, Henri, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Goossens was noted as living at 30 rue Mean, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192; CC, 21.11.1919). GOOSSENS, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Goossens was noted as living at 28 rue Joseph Plateau, Gand, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). GOOSSENSMARTENS, Madame Marie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Goossens-Martens was noted as living at 30 rue Mean, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). GOSSE, Henri, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Gosse was an electrical technician, living at 17 rue Frinoise, Tournay, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has ensured the territorial observation of the Tournay region from May 1918 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. On 19 October at 10pm he crossed the enemy lines and delivered the reports to the commander of the British troops at Taintegnies’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). GOSSE, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Gosse was noted as living at 17 rue Frinoise, Tournai, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, described Gosse as an electrical technician, and noted that: ‘He has fulfilled the duties of observer [with the Corps d’Observation Anglais] in the Tournay region from May 1918 until the cease-fire, particularly observing the airfields’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). GOVAERT, Rodolphe, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Govaert’s address was noted as 25 rue de l’Eglise, Hamme, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from October 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; CC, 17.10.1919). GOVAERTS, Raymond, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Govaerts was noted as living at 7 rue Chapon, Antoing, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘during 1918 he recruited the Tournay regional agents [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] and attempted to reach Valenciennes’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † GRANDPREZ, Constant, Belgian Agent Having worked with his sister Elise (see below for details) and other siblings as an Agent, François Grandprez was arrested with them, tried on 29 March 1917 and executed on 8 May that year. Initially overlooked amid the first batch of recommendations, Grandprez was put forward on 2 June 1921 for the BEM (Military Division) by the British Ambassador in Brussels Sir G Graham, being supported in this by his Military Attaché Colonel Lyon, the Director of Military Intelligence Major General Sir William Thwaites, Monsieur Dewe, and finally on 22 June the Army Council. On 2 July 360 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 the Foreign Office confirmed to the War Office that the King had approved the award and on 27 July they sent the medal to the British Ambassador in Brussels for him to make the presentation to Constant Grandprez’ next of kin. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège and Avenue Constant Grandprez in Stavelot is named after him (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1780/T6555, T7433 and T8785; CC, 5.7.1921; Landau, 1935, p.253, 255-256; www.1914-1918. be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009) † GRANDPREZ, Mademoiselle Elise Françoise Cornélie, Belgian Agent Landau (1935) notes Grandprez fed and sheltered troops stranded behind the German lines in the Ardennes, acted as a ‘letter-box’, helped organise a train-watching serice and acted as a courier, all in association with her siblings and the Lambrecht service. In March 1916 the latter service was compromised following Lambrecht’s arrest and the Grandprez family ceased their operations. Lured back into active intelligence operations in 1917 by an undercover German agent, the Grandprez family were arrested. Imprisoned in St Léonard Prison, in Liège, Elise Grandprez was tried on 29 March 1917 and executed on 8 May. Popular folklore has her making little Belgian flags in prison (under disguise of making bookmarks) for herself and her brother and fellow inmate Gregoire, which they wore on their execution. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Mademoiselle Grandprez’s last address was noted as Stavelot, Belgium. She is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège and two streets and a square have been named after her: Place Elise Grandprez in her hometown Stavelot, the rue Elise Grandprez in Liège and the Elise Grandprezstraat in Oostakker (Ghent) (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; Landau, 1935, p.252-256 and 279; Morton, 2010, p.152; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 21.11.1919). GRANDPREZ, François, Belgian Agent Having worked with his sister Elise (see above for details) and other siblings as an Agent, François Grandprez was sentenced to 15 years’ hard labour by the Germans. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Grandprez was noted as living in Stavelot, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Landau, 1935, p.253, 255-256; CC, 21.11.1919). GRATIA, Victor, Luxemburg Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘…from December 1917 until June 1918 he ensured the transport of documents for the M300 service from Wiltz (Grand-Duchy) to Benonchamps (Belgium). Arrested on 29 May 1918 he was sentenced to death and pardoned. His behaviour in front of his judges was that of a brave man’. Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Gratia was noted as a railway employee and as living in Nieder-Wiltz, Grand Duchy (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). GRAVE, Alexandre Severin, Brigadier Forestier Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Gravé was noted as a Garde des Eaux et Forêts, Forêt d’Eawy. The original recommendation, dated 9 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘With 30 years’ service in the Eawy Forest District, has rendered invaluable assistance in placing his local and expert knowledge at the disposal of the British Army’; his address was noted as Les Grandes Ventes, near Dieppe (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998, CC, 20.8.1919). GREBET, Jules, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Grebet was noted as living at 22 rue Barre St Brice, Tournai, Belgium. Grebet had served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, being arrested by the Germans, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and imprisoned for a time (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † GREGOIRE, André, Belgian Agent An associate of the Grandprez family (see above), according to Landau (1935) Grégoire and his wife assisted them in train-watching, ‘letter-box’ and other espionage activities. Arrested by the 361 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Germans, he was executed by the Germans in Liège on 8 May 1917, his wife being sentenced to 15 years’ hard labour. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Grégoire was a postman and his last address was noted as Stavelot, Belgium. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; Landau, 1935, p.253, 255-256; Morton, 2010, p.152; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 21.11.1919). GRESILLON, Fernand, French Agent Living at 648 rue de la Miniére, Glageon, France, Gresillon was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920. Gresillon later wrote to the British Ambassador in Paris about the non-arrival of the British War Medals for himself (and other members of his family) and also enquired if he was to receive a certificate with his BEM. He was informed that no such certificates accompanied the award of the BEM at this time (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342, FO 372/1497/T801 and FO 372/1787/T15817; CC, 21.11.1919). † GRESSIER, Emile Joseph, French Agent Arrested and executed by the Germans in Brussels on 19 April 1916 for his espionage activities, Gressier was awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. His last address is noted as 79 Avenue du Clos, St Amand-les-Eaux, Nord, France (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com). GROUT, Madame Catherine Caroline, French Agent Originally recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) in June 1919, she wrote to the British Consulate at Brest in June 1920 asking that her thanks be passed on to the King for the OBE. This gave rise to the Foreign Office seeking clarification whether she had in fact received the incorrect award (TNA ref: FO 372/1512/T7515; CC, 15.3.1920). GRUSLIN, Fernand, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘from 4 August 1916 until the cease-fire he held the function of observer for the Jemelle post [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Gruslin was noted as being an electricity installer for the telegraph company and as living in Jemelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). GUILLAUME, Mademoiselle Bernadette, French citizen Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), following a recommendation submitted to the Foreign Office in June 1919. Mademoiselle Guillaume, now using the forename ‘Vantrepotte’, wrote enquiring as to the correct name of the medal she had received and asking for the diploma relating to its bestowal: the Foreign Office responded, noting with regard to the latter point that no diplomas were issued with respect to the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1520/T10891; CC, 15.3.1920). GUILLAUME, Emile Joseph, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Guillaume received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). GUILLAUME, Victor-Joseph, 11747 Marechal des Logis-Chef, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 21.11.1919). 362 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 H HANIQUE, Constantine Désiré, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Hanique received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). HANNEDOUCHE, Alphonse, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Hannedouche received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). HANOTIER, Philippe, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Hanotier, an industrialist, was noted as living in Chimay, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that ‘Mr Philippe Hanotier was the head of the territorial observation section of Beaumont [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] for over a year, which he directed with quality’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † HANSELAER, Achille, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He created a territorial observation post in the Zele region, which furnished important military intelligence. He ensured the courier service with another post of the [Services de Transmission SA]: Service des Flandres. Arrested on 24 November 1917, together with other agents of his service, and sentenced to death on 12 March 1918, he kept a courageous attitude and died bravely under enemy bullets on 18 May [in Ghent]’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 10 May 1918. The British synopsis noted merely that Hanselaer had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation [Transmission SA (Service des Flandres)] in occupied territory during 1917’. Hanselaer had been a farmer and flax trader, living in Wesepoel, Zéle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009‘; Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011, p.181 et seq). HASSAN, Mohammed Gad, Effendi, Foreman, Egyptian State Railways An Egyptian citizen, Hassan was recommended by General Allenby and awarded the BEM (Civil Division) for: ‘Good work on repairs and manufacture of Army wheels, wagons, pontoons, flying machines, and wood work generally: fitting of hospital trains. This necessitated long hours and was in addition to his ordinary railway work’, his address being noted as c/o Chief Mechanical Engineer, ESR, Cairo. The medal was presented by Sir M Cheetham in Egypt (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998, FO 372/1292/26084 and FO 372/1293/32456; CC, 26.2.1919). HAUBEN, Jean, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Hauben’s address was noted as 95 rue de Bois-le-Duc, Maeseyck, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from September 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 363 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE HAYART, Albert, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Hayart was noted as a Public Teacher and Village Clerk at Instituteur, Zudausques, Pas-de-Calais. The original recommendation described how the recipient: ‘Has always exerted his great moral influence in his commune, where he has resided for 23 years, in favour of the British Army; contributed much in securing an abundant supply of drinkable water for the troops billeted in Zudausques and in the four adjoining villages’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). HEGGEN, Jean, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Heggen’s address was noted as Eysdon, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). HELSMOORTEL, John, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Helsmoortel was noted as living at 102 Chaussée de Malines, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). HENDRICK, Alfred, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Hendrick’s address was noted as 26 rue Mauzin, Nimy, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’. (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). HENNE, Mademoiselle Jeanne, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She served as courier between Namur and Liège and between Namur and Charleroy [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. At the same time she helped the Namur secretary in a very efficient manner’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Henne was noted as living at 134 Chaussée de Waterloo, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). Henne according to a Morton & Eden catalogue: ‘was a Belgian citizen who worked as an agent for British Military Intelligence in the Great War during the German Occupation. For her services she was awarded the Medal of the Order of the British Empire...During the Second World War Mademoiselle Henne joined the network of Count Albert Guérisse, an officer in the Belgian Lancers who escaped to Britain and joined the Royal Navy under the nom-de-guerre Patrick O’Leary. She operated in the region of Annemasse, helping British airmen to escape to Switzerland, for which she was awarded the BEM and the King’s Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom.’ PROVENANCE: Henne’s twelve medal group, consisting of: Belgium (4), Medal for the Resistance Army, 1940-45; Victory and War Medal, 1914-18; War Medal, Great Britain (3), Medal of the Order of the British Empire (Civil Division); British Empire Medal (Military Division) (this named); King’s Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom; France (5), Croix de Guerre 1939, with palm leaf; Free French Forces Medal; Medal of Liberated France; War Medal, 1939-45, with clasp, Liberation; Cross for Combatant Volunteers of the Resistance, all but the sixth unnamed as issued, mounted court style, good very fine or better, formed part of the Dr Arthur B King collection, being sold by Morton & Eden, 3 October 2003, lot 603. HENNON, Camille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Hennon was noted as living at 79 Their de la Fontaine, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † HENROT, Camille, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Henrot and others worked for a train-watching service, reporting German troop movements. Arrested on 10 April 1917, Henrot was executed by the Germans in 364 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Liège on 4 September that year. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 30 August 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’. Henrot had been a coppersmith, living at 10 Quai du Canal, Herstal, Belgium. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Landau, 1935, p.195-6, 202 and 204; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). HENROTIN, Ferdinand-Auguste, 9433 Adjutant, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.1919). HENRY, Victor, Belgian Agent Described as ‘en religion R P Richard’, Henry was awarded the BEM (Military Division) and was noted as living at 126 rue des Tannours, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). HERBERT, Edouard Pierre Victor, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Herbert received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). HERBOSCHNAELAERTS, Madame Marie-Elisabeth, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Herbosch-Naelaerts was noted as living at 95 Avenue Plantin, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). HERMANS, Albert, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Hermans’ address was noted as 25 Avenue Plaeys, Schaerbeek, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). HERMANS, Edward Hermans, of 37 Verbond Street, Antwerp, was awarded the BEM ‘for courage and presence of mind in extinguishing a dangerous fire’, the award being forwarded to the Foreign Office on 10 April 1919 for them to organise its presentation by the British Ambassador at Brussels. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1303/56204). HEUSY, Alfred, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Heusy’s address was noted as 35 rue Ferdinand Nicolay, Ougrée, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). HINNEKENS, Gaston, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Hinnekens appears to have worked for the Laporte network. He was noted as living at 62 rue Haute, Thielt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). HODO, François, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Hodo’s address was initially noted as 1 Chaussée St Pierre, Amiens, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent 365 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’. Hodo was not initially traceable and in December 1919 he was thought to be living at Raynecourt, Framerville, Somme. During 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his medal, the French government giving permission on 29 February that year for the award to be made (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1500/T2089 and FO 372/1507/T5017; CC, 17.10.1919). † HOFMAN, Auguste Jean, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 8 May 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Hofman was arrested and executed by the Germans in Charleroi on 11 May 1917. He had been a pub owner and his home address was noted as 6 Quai Godefroid, Antwerp, Belgium. Hofman was also awarded the British War Medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 17.10.1919). † HOFMAN, Dominique, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Hofman’s address was noted as 35 rue de l’Eglise, Blauwput, Louvain, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from beginning of 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The award was presented to his next of kin in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). † HOFMAN, Maurice Achille, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 9 August 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’. Hofman was arrested and executed by the Germans at Ghent on 13 August 1917. He had worked as a goldsmith and his home address was noted as rue du Canal, Courtrai, Belgium. Hofman was also awarded the British War Medal, his MIC noting him as having ‘died’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567 and Medal Index Card; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). HOLSTERS, Mademoiselle Maria Eugénie, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She followed in her mother’s footsteps in filling the role of reception post for Services M105 and M82 [parts of the Services de Transmission SA: Trans Escaut] from 19 October 1917 until the cease-fire. She has given proof of much initiative and dedication and continued the service in as courageous a fashion as her mother had, notwithstanding the very real dangers’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Mademoiselle Holsters’ British summary recommendation noted merely that she had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Her address was given as 2 rue Palingbrug, Antwerp, Belgium. (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). HOLSTERS, Pierre Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He, together with his daughter, ensured an important reception post operated in Antwerp from 366 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 October 1917 until the cease-fire [as part of the Services de Transmission SA: Trans Escaut]. It is owing to his intelligent and efficient collaboration that his daughter could escape the very real dangers that threatened her in the exercise of her functions’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Holsters was noted as being a mechanic and as living at 2 Palingbrug, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † HOLSTERS-VERSCHUEREN, Madame Maria Léonie, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘From April 1917 until her death on 19 October 1917 she fulfilled the task of reception post for multiple services, notably M135, M105 and M82 [parts of the Services de Transmission SA: Trans Escaut], in an exemplary way. She clearly demonstrated her awareness and resolve in dealing with with the problems that arose from services that had collapsed. On her deathbed, she still wanted to learn the last instructions of the directors and she took the necessary steps so the service could continue after her demise’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 8 October 1917. The summary British recommendation noted merely that Madame Holsters-Verschueren had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Her home address was noted as 2 rue Palingbrug, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). † HONORE, Edmond Alexis, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Honoré had been arrested and executed by the Germans at Hasselt on 16 December 1916. He had worked as a chief supervisor with the Belgian national railway company and his home address was noted as 55 rue de la Villette, Marcinelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 21.11.1919). HONORE, Mademoiselle Sylvia, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Honoré was noted as living in rue Eudore Pirmez, Marcinelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † HOSTE, Camille, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 4 September 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Hoste was arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 10 September 1917. He had worked as a labourer and servant, his home address being noted as 42 Oosthoek, Oost Eecloo, Belgium. Hoste was also awarded the British War Medal and is noted on his MIC as having ‘died’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and Medal Index Card; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). HOUGARDY, Louis, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has ensured the observation on the Namur-Brussels line from February 1917 until the ceasefire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. His reports were very good’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Hougardy was noted as a railway foreman and living at 153 Chaussée de Waterloo, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). HOUTAIN, Ernest-Joseph-Eugène, 9483 Adjutant, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with 367 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Belgian refugees and with deserters.’ The medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.919). HOUYET, Monsieur l’Abbé Alfred, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Houyet was noted as living on College St Quirin, Huy, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). HOYAUX, Léon, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Hoyaux was living at 132 Avenue Kersbeek, Brussels, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). HUART, Henri, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Huart received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). HUBAUT, Arthur, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Hubert was noted as living at 6 rue de la Loupe, Dottignies, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192; CC, 21.11.1919). HUBERT, Gérard, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Hubert was noted as living at 68 Avenue Royale St-Marie, Schaerbeek, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). HUBLART, Oscar, French Agent A French civilian, Hublart was living at 3 rue Coquette, Hautmont, Nord, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185; CC, 27.2.1920). HUPPERTS, Mademoiselle Julie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Hupperts was noted as living at 114 Place Antoine Ernest, Aubel, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). HUSSAIN, Yunis Ibn, Mulazimthani, 2nd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). HUYDTS, George, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Huydts’ address was noted as Tongres, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient: ‘In his capacity of Belgian Consul at Maesricht, gave valuable assistance to British Intelligence Services in Holland during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 368 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Jules Legay, Belgian Agent Oscar Doublet, French Agent Charles Joseph Simonet, Belgian Agent Jean B Stakenborghs, Belgian Agent 369 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE I ISMAIL, Daniel, Mulazimawal, 2nd Assyrian Battalion, Iraq Levies The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 23.10.1922). ISTAS, Paul, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He assumed the functions of dactylographer and liaison between the commanding members [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] in 1917. In 1918 he had to seek refuge in the “Villa des Hirondelles” and fulfilled the role of dactylopgraher for the first company. Arrested on 8 March 1918, he was released a while later due to a lack of evidence’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Istas was noted as being a student and as living at 29 rue Wazon, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). 370 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 J JACOBJANSSENS, Madame Jeanne Catherine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Jacob-Janssens was noted as living at 10 Grand Rue Pierre au Pot, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † JACQMIN, Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 25 February 1916, Jacqmin was an engineer working for the national railway company and prominent in the Carlot-Louis network. Arrested by the Germans, he was tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and executed on 3 March at the Camp de Casteau. His home address was noted as 26 rue Longue Chaussée, Calloo, Belgium. There is a Jean Jacqmin Street in his memory in Halle (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † JACQUET, Léon, Belgian Agent Arrested and executed by the Germans in Brussels on 4 September 1916 as a result of his espionage activities, Jacquet was awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’. His file address was noted as c/o Commandant L Vertommen, 11 Section, Ministere de la Guerre, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918. canalblog.com). JANSSENS, Charles Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Janssens was noted as living at 40 Digue de la Chapelle, Calloo, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). JASSIM, Hussain Ibn, 6 Bash Chaoush, 3rd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). † JAVAUX, Auguste, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Javaux was one of the chiefs of the Frankignoul Service, an espionage organisation attached to the War Office Service, which ran over 20 train-watching posts. Eventually discovered by the Germans, Javaux was arrested and executed at Hasselt on 16 December 1916. His last letter from prison is reproduced by Landau. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Javaux had worked as an architect and decorator and lived at 30 rue Ste Marie, Liège, Belgium. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; Landau, 1935, p.291-3; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; Van der Fraenen, 2009; www.belmemorial.org; CC, 21.11.1919). JENNERETMARLET, Madame Adèle, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘she occupied the railway observation post on the Namur-Dinant line [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from 1 January 1918 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Jenneret-Marlet was noted as being a housewife living at Parc d’Amee, Velaine-Jambes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). 371 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE † JESPERS, Joseph Henri, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 10 March 1918, Jespers had been an agent with the Transmission SA (M82) network. He was arrested and executed by the Germans in Antwerp on 16 March 1918. He had been a pub owner and lived at 38 Place St Jean, Antwerp, Belgium. He is commemorated by a street named after him: Jozef Jespersstraat in Edegem (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 10.3.1918; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). JOASSIN, Michel, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Joassin was noted as living at 94 rue en Bois, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). JONGEN, Antoine Hubert, De Heer, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Jongen’s address was noted as 140 rue de Bruxelles, Maastricht, Holland. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Belgium during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † JOPPART, Joseph, Belgian Agent Working primarily as cross-border courier for a Belgian intelligence-service (VDB), Joppart (also noted as ‘Joppard’) also managed to get people across the border. Having become involved in a relationship with a woman who was working for the Germans, she informed on him and he was arrested. Acquitted of espionage at his trial, he was deported to Germany as an unwanted person, where he was put on trial for a second time at the request of the Etappen-Kommandantur in Belgium. This time he was found guilty and sentenced to the death penalty. He was executed at Köln, Germany, on 22 October 1915. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Joppart was described as having been a chauffeur and wagon maker, his home address being 46 rue Gray, Bruxelles, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 372 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 K KARNAGHERIAN, Ohan, Armenian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Karnagherian was noted as a Bridge Engineer with Egyptian State Railways. The original recommendation, dated 14 January 1919, described how the recipient: ‘Erected [a] larger new bridge on Palestine Military Railways, Wadi El Arish, Guzzee and similar work in the forward area quite outside his regular work on the State Railways’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). KERSMAKERS, Sylvain Seraphin, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Kersmakers was noted as living in rue des Boers, Etterbeek, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). KESSELER, Mademoiselle Germaine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Kesseler, a businesswoman, was noted as living at 56 rue Longue Vie, Ixelles, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She directed the principal dactylography secretariat of the III Bn at Brussels [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from April 1918 until the cease-fire’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). KESSELER, Mademoiselle Julienne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Kesseler was noted as living at 36 rue Longue Vie, Ixelles, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). KESSELERKUBORN, Madame Vve Anna, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Kesseler-Kuborn was noted as living at 36 rue Longue Vie, Ixelles, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). KHALAJ, Salih Ibn, 99 Ombashi, Dulaim Gendarmerie The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). KHAN, Hassan, 16 Lance-Head-Constable, Mesopotamian Civil Police Force The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). KHAN, Umar, 101 Chaoush, 2nd Euphrates Levy Khan was an Inspecting Officer’s Orderly. The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). KHOMERAD, 133 Ombashi, Iraq Levies The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). KLEIN, Georges Robert, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Klein received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). 373 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE KNEIP, Jean, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Kneip’s address was noted as c/o Dr Rischard, 20 Boulevard Royal, Luxemburg (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see also Morgan, 2004). KONNEN, Jules, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Konnen, a chief at the railway company, was noted as living in Jumet-Brulotte, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘from the beginning of 1917 until the cease-fire he ensured the transmission of documents from the Dinant post to Jemelle [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). KRAUS, Ernest, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Kraus’ address was noted as c/o Dr Rischard, 20 Boulevard Royal, Luxemburg (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see also Morgan, 2004). † KRICKE, Prosper Auguste Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 12 May 1916, Krické (also noted as Krickc) was a telegraphist with the Belgian Telegraph Association (although another source notes him as an insurance broker) and head Agent at Ghent with the Lefebvre-Parente network. He was captured, tried and subsequently executed by the Germans on 15 May 1916 at the Tir National, in Brussels. His home address was noted as 8 rue des Dominicaines, Gand, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Landau, 1935, p.230 and 232; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog. com). KUBORN, Mademoiselle Thérèse, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘she created, together with her brother Mr Jules Kuborn, multiple railway posts at Luxemburg in October 1918 and served as a cross-border courier herself transporting documents between this region and Bastogne [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Kuborn was noted as living in Bastogne, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † KUGE, Georges, Belgian Agent Arrested and executed in Brussels on 25 June 1917 by the Germans for his espionage activities, Kugé’s last address was noted as 18 rue Georges Kugé, Lessines, Belgium. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, the citation noted that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. The medal was sent to and acknowledged by Kugé’s widow, Justine Santon (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; http://civils19141918.canalblog. com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). KUIPER, Gerardus Johannes, Brigadier, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Kuiper’s address was noted as Putte-Stabroeck, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567). KURKINEN, Martta, Nursing Sister, Swedish White Legions Originally put forward by the OC North Russia Detachment, Tank Corps, and supported by the GOC, Allied Military Mission at Reval, for the DCM (or failing eligibility for that, the GOC suggested 374 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 either the MM or ARRC), the recommendation dated 13 November 1919 noted that: ‘This nurse is attached with her unit to the Russian North West Army. She accompanies on foot her unit in the field carrying field dressings. On several occasions the Swedish Legion have worked with the Tanks and she invariably went forward with the front line infantry. At the operations beyond Gatchina when the front line was being pressed and looked like falling back I offered her a place in a Tank, but she refused to leave her unit. Her devotion and courage deserves the highest praise’. Kurkinen was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920. The insignia was sent to the British Military Mission in Riga in early 1920 for presentation and on 26 April that year Kurkinen received the medal from Colville Barclay at the British Legation in Stockholm (TNA ref: FO 372/1300/158809, FO 372/1301/171208, FO 372/1500/T1733 and FO 372/1507/T4869; CC, 11.2.1920, where the recipient is listed as ‘Martta Arenanda’, presumably her married name). 375 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE L LABENS, Alidore Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Labens was noted as living in Aerseele, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). LACROIX, Guillaume, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Lacroix was living at 19 Impasse du Presbytere, Montegnee, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1501/T2612; CC, 20.8.1919). LA CROIX, Jean, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), La Croix was noted as a Sous Chef Principal at Boulogne. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Handles the traffic at Boulogne and has been of the greatest assistance at that Station’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). LACROIX, Paul Jean Baptiste Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Lacroix’s address was noted as 721 Chaussée de Waterloo, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’. He had served as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). LAFONTAINE, Gaston, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Lafontaine and his wife sheltered a number of French troops stranded behind German lines from 1914 onwards and assisted them in getting to safety. During the occupation, Lafontaine and his farm were subject to regular visits from the German Secret Police. Despite this, he sheltered the French Agents Pierre Aubijoux and Valtier and subsequently guided then to Hirson where they were to establish a train-watching network. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lafontaine was noted as a farmer living in Bourlers, near Chimay, Belgium. He had served as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Landau, 1935, p.113-4). PROVENANCE: The BWM (only, together with an unrelated medal) to Lafontaine was sold at DNW, lot 418, 28 March 2012. LAFRANCELACROIX, Madame Flore, French Agent A French civilian, Madame Lafrance-Lacroix was living at Nomain-pres-Orchies, Nord, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that she had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239, FO 372/1506/T4566, FO 372/1512/T7197 and FO 372/1511/ T6945, the latter referring to her as ‘Lafranc-Lacroix’; CC, 27.2.1920). LAGAERT, Octave Liévin, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 20 July 1916. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’. Lagaert’s address was noted as Camp de Bourg-Léopold, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 376 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 LAGOUBIE, Augustin, Sergent, Passport Department, Ambassade de France en Spain The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to France, list 60, 22 March 1920, granted ‘…for valuable services rendered to the Allied cause in Spain’ (TNA ref: WO 388/2, FO 372/1301/171208 and FO 372/1502/T3005; CC, 11.2.1920). LAHAYE, Mademoiselle Ghislaine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lahaye was noted as living in Chimay, Belgium and as serving as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). LAMBELIN, Alphonse, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lambelin was noted as a bicyclemaker and as living at 98 Avenue de Jemappes, Mons, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He directed the territorial section of Mons [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from August 1918 until the cease-fire. In October he ensured the transport of documents of the Mons platoon to Tubize’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). LAMBILLON, René, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lambillon was noted as living at 47 rue St Charles, Chatelineau, Belgium. He appears to have worked as the Sub-Chief of Ransart Train Station (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). LAMBRECHT, Henri, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He fulfilled the duties of courier from Liège to March from November 1917 until September 1918 [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He recruited several units in the regions of Hasselt and Maaseik during this period’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lambrecht was noted as being an entrepreneur and as living at 110 rue Ferdinand Nicolay, Seraing, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). LAMPENS, Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lampens was noted as living at 43 rue Snellaert, Gand, Belgium. Lampens appears to have been a member of the local city council. He secretly served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, being arrested by the Germans, was tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and imprisoned for a time (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). LAOUREUX, Jules, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘In February 1918 he accepted the job of creating the service in the Verviers region [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He succeeded in creating a railway observation post on the Aix to Liège line and the regional observation service and directed this organization until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Laoureux was noted as being an industrialist and as living in HeusyVerviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). LARDEUR, Joseph Louis Henri Marie Dieudonne, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Lardeur received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). LATOUCHEENAUX, Madame Hélène Madeleine, French Agent Living at 10 rue de l’Entrepot, Fourmies, Nord, France, Madame Latouche-Enaux was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 377 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE January 1920 but did not attend the ceremony, further efforts being then made to trace her (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/ T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). LAURENT, Clément, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Laurent’s address was noted as 209 rue Joncrelle, Roisin, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). LAURENT, Paul The original recommendation from the FM C-in-C, dated 18 April 1918, was jointly for the recipient and Charles Gillies: ‘On 22 March 1918 these two men (civilians) stuck to their posts at Achiet-leGrand when it was being heavily shelled, and very greatly assisted in the successful evacuation of material from Bapaume Line’. Supported by the Army Council and submitted by the War Office on 10 May 1918, the recipient was noted as an employee of the Chemin de Fer du Nord and was based at Montieres Station. The BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King on 5 July 1918 and on 25 July the Foreign Office despatched the medal to the French government which was to arrange the presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/84151, FO 372/1190/126977, and FO 372/1778/T5096; CC, 19.7.1919). LAWOUREUX, Jean, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Lawoureux’s address was noted as 58 rue des Hospices, Verviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). LEBER, Auguste, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Leber received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). LE BRUN, Mademoiselle Rose (Religion Soeur Marie Melanie) In 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of her BEM (Military Division), her address being noted as l’Hopital, Chimay, Belgium. On 29 September 1920 the Foreign Office sent the medal to the British Embassy in Paris for distribution (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1499/T1588, FO 372/1502/T2901 and FO 372/1520/ T10899; CC, 21.11.1919, where the recipient is noted as being French). LECHAT, Victor, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Lechat operated the Michelin ‘letter-box’ service in Liège and was arrested in June 1917. At his trial he denied all knowledge of espionage services and received a comparatively light sentence in a prison camp in Germany. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lechat was noted as living at 13 Place de Bronkart, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, p.39-43 and 56). † LECLERCQ, François, French Agent According to Landau (1935), Leclercq ran a small cigar shop in Liège from which he acted as the ‘letter-box’ for Lambrecht’s espionage ring. He was arrested and questioned by the Germans. He was executed in St Quentin on 27 December 1916. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 24 December 1916. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his medal to his mother who was residing in St Quentin in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1504/ T3704, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1502/T2901, FO 372/1507/T5017, FO 372/1512/T7468, FO 372/1513/T7877 and T8028, and FO 372/1515/T8865; CC, 17.10.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.18-21; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 378 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 LECOCHE, Léon French citizen The Central Chancery notes Lecoche received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). † LECOCQ, Clément, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Lecocq had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Liège on 11 September 1917 and is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. He had worked as a miner and lived on rue Pied Boeuf, Jupille, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; see Landau, 1935, for a possible discussion of this man; www.1914-1918.be/civil_ fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). LECOCQ, Léon, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He successively and with the same zeal occupied the posts of observer on the Namur-Brussels line, regional observer in the Namur region, and courier [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He was attached to the Namur direction [i.e. section] and was actively recruiting several agents’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lecocq was noted as living at 24 Boulevard du Nord, Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; see Landau, 1935, for a possible discussion of this man). LEFEBVRE, Ernest, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lefebvre was noted as living at Chaussée de Mons, Quenast, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † LEFEBVRE, Louis, French Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated as from 1 December 1918, Lefebvre’s address was noted as Wattrelos, France and later as Baillerie, Cour Dal 1, Wattrelos (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1299/145598; CC, 1.12.1918; Landau, 1935, p.47). † LEFEBVRE, Louis Alfred Omer, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Lefebvre ran train-watching services, gathering details of Germans movements, in association with Charles Parenté (the Lefebvre-Parenté network). Arrested in late 1915, he kept silent about any espionage involvement at his trial, though was sentenced to death in view of the substantial evidence brought forward against him. Lefebvre was shot by the Germans on 15 May 1916 at the Tir National in Brussels. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, this was dated as from 12 May 1916. He had worked in the telegraph service of the Belgian national railway company and his home address was noted as 20 Avenue Reve d’Or, La Louviere, Belgium. His next of kin was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 4.6.1917; Landau, 1935, pp.223-232; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com). LEFEIRE, Lucine, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Lefeire received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). † LEGAY, Jules, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 3 November 1915, Legay worked as a roadbuilder and secretly served as a railway observer at Mons with the Carlot-Louis network. He was arrested by the Germans on 25 June 1915, along with Arthur Legay, while on duty and documents were seized. Sentenced to death in Brussels on 2 November 1915, he was executed at the Tir National at Brussels on 6 November that year (Arthur being sentenced to 12 years’ forced labour). His home address was noted as Ruelle Madeleine, Cuesmes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; 379 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). PROVENANCE: Some of the medals to Legay, consisting of the Knight of the Order of Leopold II, with central golden stripe in the ribbon, BWM, Belgian Victory Medal, and Belgian Commemorative Medal with silver crown on the ribbon, together with the medals of his son-in-law, are known in a private UK collection (November 2010). LEGROS, Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Legros was noted as living at 9 rue du Verger, Hasselt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). LEJUNE, Charles, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Lejune’s address was noted as 1 rue Mauzin, Nimy, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). LEJEUNE, Pierre, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He occupied the post of head of supply of the Liège company in 1917 and 1918 [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lejeune was noted as head of manufacturing for Engleberts and as living at 47 rue des Houblonniéres, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). LEJOSNE, Benoît Joseph, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Lejosne was noted as a Public Teacher and Village Clerk at Acquin, Pas-de-Calais. The original recommendation described how the recipient rendered: ‘Extremely valuable co-operation with the Area Commandant as regard billeting. [He] Contributed much, [during] June last, to the saving from a flood, of materiel and horses belonging to the British Army’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). † LELARGE, Jacques Marie Joseph, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Lelarge and others worked for a train-watching service, reporting German troop movements (as part of the Wathelet network). Arrested on 10 April 1917, Lelarge was executed by the Germans in Liège on 4 September that year. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 1 September 1917, Lelarge’s last address was noted as 1 rue du Chateau, Renory-Ougrée, Belgium, his occupation being noted as a steelmill foreman. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009; Landau, 1935, p.204, where the date of Lelarge’s execution is quoted as 11 September; CC, 1.9.1917). † LELARGE, Oscar Noël Nicolas, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 3 June 1915, Lelarge had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Liège on 7 June 1915. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. Lelarge had worked as a trolley-supervisor for Belgian national railways and his last address was noted as 29 rue de la Sucrerie, Wanze, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 4.6.1917). LELEU, Louis, Garde Forestier Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Leleu was noted as a Garde des Eaux et Forêts, Forêt de Nieppe. The original recommendation, dated 9 December 1917, described how the recipient has rendered: ‘Conspicuous services to the British Army during the past 30 months in organising and assisting 380 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 with expert knowledge, the civilian labour employed on forestry work’; his address was noted as Le Parcq, par Morbecque, Nord, France (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1917). LEMAIRE, Léon, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has accomplished his functions of counter-intelligence and intelligence agent with a remarkable preciseness and capability for two years [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lemaire was noted as being a government employee at the population office of Liège and as living in Anthisnes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). † LEMMENS, Emile, Belgian Agent According to Debruyne and Van der Fraynen (2012), Lemmens was a commercial dealer from Liège, married, with one son (aged 7 in 1916). A ‘Passeur’ of the ‘Bordeaux’ network, he died in service during the war in June 1916. His wife, Mathilde Polus, was arrested and deported. She wrote her memoires (34 pages). Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 17 June 1916, Lemmens’ last address was noted as 20 St Marguerite, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Emmanuel Debruyne and Jan Van der Fraenen, personal communication, February 2012). LEMOINE, George, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lemoine was noted as living at 107 rue Belliard, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † LENOIR, Ferdinand, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Lenoir’s last address was noted as 220 Chaussee de Wemmel, Jette St Pierre, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’. Lenoir had been arrested by the Germans and was executed in Ghent on 14 April 1915. The medal was sent to and signed for by his widow, Jeanne Lenoir (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009). LEPOINTERMEL, Madame Vve Louise, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Lepoint-Ermel was noted as living at 40 rue de la Cathédrale, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). LEPRETRE, Julius A French citizen, Leprêtre was awarded the BEM (Civil Division) for services to the British Army. The British Embassy in Paris reported in September 1920 that he had been presented with the medal by the Mayor of Dunkirk (TNA ref: FO 372/1511/T6733, FO 372/1513/T7911 and FO 372/1518/ T9943 and T10208; CC, 15.3.1920). LEROY, Joseph Hubert Sebastien Hadelin, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Leroy was noted as living at 70 rue des Récollets, Vise, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). LEROY, Prosper, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Leroy was noted as a Foreman superintending 35 civilian sawyers. The original recommendation noted that: ‘His example during the construction of the mill and his present reliable supervision add to the efficiency of the yard. He has worked continuously for the British Army since 26 July 1915’. His insignia was returned by the post office as he was not known at the address (Volksvriend à Reninghelst) on file and further efforts were to be made to trace him in 1920. These efforts were subsequently reported as having been unsuccessful ‘owing to the breaking up of the military formation which supplied the original information’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998, FO 372/1497/T744 and FO 372/1499/T1356; CC, 20.8.1919). 381 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE LESPAGNARD, Léon Alois, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lespagnard was noted as living at Chaussée, Deux-Acren, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). LETIERCE, Zelia, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 24 June 1919), Letierce was presented with the medal on 14 July 1920 by Lieutenant Colonel Gross at Duisans. Letierce wrote directly to the King on 18 July 1920 thanking him for conferring the decoration on her (TNA ref: FO 372/1514/T8557; CC, 15.3.1920). LEUNISFRANCK, Madame, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Madame Leunis-Franck’s address was noted as 22 rue Louise, Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). LEVEQUE, Théodore, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Leveque was noted as living in Froyennes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). LEVESQUELANCIAUX, Baptiste Constant, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Levesque-Lanciaux received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). LEVIQUE, Felix Jules, 23rd Regiment d’Infanterie Coloniale (Classe 1901) The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to France, list 60, 22 March 1920 (TNA ref: WO 388/2, FO 372/1301/171208 and FO 372/1502/T3006; CC, 11.2.1920, where the recipient’s surname is noted as ‘Leveque’). LEYSSEN, Pierre Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Leyssen was noted as living in Tongerloo-lez-Bree, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 11.2.1920). LIAGRE, Victor, French Agent Living at 14 rue de Menin, Turcoing, France, Liagre was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 11.2.1920). LIENHARD, Paul, Garde Forestier Awarded the BEM, Lienhard was noted as a Garde Forestier at Bois d’Amont. The original recommendation, dated 9 December 1917, described how the recipient has rendered: ‘Conspicuous services to the British Army in organising skilled civilian labour during the last 30 months’; his address was noted as Morbecque, par Hazebrouck, Nord, France (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1920). LIMBREE, Maurice, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He fulfilled the duties of sergeant in the pivoting of transmittals for the couriers inside the country, specifically for the couriers from Namur and Brussels to Liège [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Limbree was noted as being an accountant in the Englebert factory and as living at 72 rue des Courteaux, Chenée, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 11.2.1920; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). 382 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 LIMOZIN, Alfred Edouard Henri, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Limozin was noted as the Mayor of Nielle-les-Blequin. The original recommendation described how the recipient: ‘Has always shown the utmost courtesy and zeal in securing billets for British troops in his commune. Effectively co-operated with the Area Sanitary Officer, August last, in preventing the epidem[ic] of typhoid fever from spreading among British troops’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). LINET, Auguste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Linet was noted as working as a train conductor-instructor at Lodelinsart and as living in Charleroi, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He worked together with his chief, Mr Brison, to organise the Charleroy service in May 1917. He fulfilled the role of instructor of railway observation for the 8th company [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 11.2.1920; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). LOGEN, François, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Logen’s address was noted as 32 Place d’Armes, Jemeppe sur Meuse, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † LONCKE, Joseph Camille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 27 June 1917, Loncke had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Antwerp on 14 July 1917. He had worked as a shoemaker and travelling salesman, his home address being noted as 21 rue de l’Ancre, St Nicholas Waes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 27.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). LOOS, Louis, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Loos was living on Rue de la Station, Neerpelt, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). LOUWET, Mademoiselle Josephine Marie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Louwet was noted as living at 6 Tournant St Paul, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). LURKIN, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Lurkin was noted as living in Jemelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 383 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE M MACHIELS, Jean, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Machiels’ address was noted as 56 Ginderover, Diepenbeek, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). MACHIELS, Pierre, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Machiels’ address was noted as 73 rue St Antoine, Esschen, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. Entitled also to the British War Medal, this latter award was noted as being undelivered as of 20 April 1922 and as being retained by the British Embassy in Brussels in case it may be claimed in the future (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1947/T4927; CC, 17.10.1919). MAELFAIT, Adolphe, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Maelfait was living at 148 rue de Sweveghem, Courtrai, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). MAES, Antoine, Belgian Agent Proposed for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the summary recommendation noted that Maes had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Maes’ address was noted as 38 rue du Beffroi, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). MAES, Madame Clémentine, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Madame Maes was noted as a Belgian worker in AOD Receipts Depot at Havre. The original recommendation, dated 16 December 1917, described how: ‘This worker has done good work while employed at the Ordnance Receipts Depot at Granville. She has been dealing with salvage for two and a half years’. Her insignia was returned by the post office as she was not known at the address (54 rue du Général Hoche, Le Havre) on file and further efforts were to be made to trace her in 1920. These efforts were subsequently reported as having been unsuccessful ‘owing to the breaking up of the military formation which supplied the original information’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998, FO 372/1497/T744 and FO 372/1499/T1356; CC, 20.8.1919). MAESEN, Victor, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Maesen’s address was Restaurant du Chapon-Fin, Rue Getry, Brussels, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. He was also awarded the Allied Subjects Medal in bronze for assisting British POWs (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1756/T198 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). 384 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MAGHRABY, Abdel Gawad, 12 Shawish Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the Director of the Zoological Gardens and supported by Lord Allenby for services in Egypt, thus: ‘For invaluable services in connection with the first formation of the Camel Transport Corps at Zagazig in 1915. His example in steadying the camel drivers when they first heard the sound of artillery in action was of the utmost value. This man volunteered for active service but was paid throughout only the ordinary civil pay of a Zoological Gardens keeper. He has received no pay, gratuity or other award whatever from the army’. The medal was presented to him at the Residency, Cairo, by the British High Commissioner on 28 March 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1507/T5006, FO 372/1515/T8762, FO 372/1517/T9588, FO 372/1518/T9902 and FO 372/1778/T5093; CC, 26.8.1920). MAGNIES, Jules, French Agent Living at 18 rue d’Aulnoye, Avesnes sur Helpe, France, Magnies was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919; CC, 21.11.1919). MAHAUX, Alfred, Bourgmestre, Marchin, Belgium Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). MAHIEU, Camille, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He perfectly observed the Tamines region from 31 January until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He recruited three agents, created several observation posts and [also functioned as a] reception post’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mahieu was noted as a snad moulder at a steelmill and as living at Route de Philippeville, Fraire, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MALAISE, Mademoiselle Anna, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Malaise’s address was noted as 60 rue Delaunoy, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Entitled also to the British War Medal, this latter award was noted as being undelivered as of 20 April 1922 and as being retained by the British Embassy in Brussels in case it may be claimed in the future (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and FO 372/1947/T4927; CC, 17.10.1919). MAMBRE, Jules, French Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He held the post of Nimy on the Manage-Mons line in particularly difficult circumstances from August 1918 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. In 1917 he served in the Biscops-Service under the command of British GHQ’. In 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his BEM, Mambre being noted as a lorry driver and as living at 50 Grand Rue, Nimy, Mons. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1498/T1311; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). MANIER, Gustave Hippolyte Nicolas, French Agent Living at 27 rue du Marie, André, Lille, France, efforts were made in 1920 to trace him to present him with his BEM (Military Division) (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1301/167455, FO 372/1498/ T1311 and FO 372/1502/T2901; CC, 21.11.1919). 385 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MARCOURT, Albert, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Marcourt was noted as a Public Teacher and Village Clerk at Quelmes, Pas-deCalais. The original recommendation described the recipient as having shown the: ‘Utmost courtesy in his relations with the British Army, and zeal in his co-operation with the Area Commandant. By skilful and tactful management [he] has notably increased the billeting capacity of his commune’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). † MARIEN, Edmond, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Marien’s last home address was 48 rue Notre Dame, Malines, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Marien had been arrested by the Germans and was executed in Antwerp on 3 September 1917. The medal was sent to and signed for by his widow, Marie Marien (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009). MARINE, Jean Baptiste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Marine was noted as living at chez Legrand Fréres, Andenne Sceilles, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MARLIERE, Mademoiselle Hélène, French Agent Living at Place de la Concorde, Trélon, France, Marlière was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 but did not attend, further efforts then being made to trace her (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). MARQUANT, Victor, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Marquant received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). † MARQUENIE, Gustave, Belgian Agent Working as a milkman and milk transporter, Marquenie became a courier for the Moreau network. He used to hide the intelligence in a false bottom inside his milk cans, but when the Germans erected the electrical fence on the Belgian-Dutch border he switched to shooting the information across the fence with a bow and arrow, with the help of a German border-guard. One of the arrows went astray and this caused his downfall. Arrested by the Germans, Marquenie was executed in Ghent on 11 October 1917. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 10 October 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. His home address was noted as 70 Ramonshoek, Wachtebeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). MARQUIS, Robert, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Marquis’ address was noted as 250 Avenue de la Reine, Laeken, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). MARSAUD, Pierre Emile, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Marsaud received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). MARSILLE, Georges Henri, French Agent A French civilian, Marsille was living at Rue Hezel, Lomme, Nord, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied 386 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 territory during the war’. Entitled also to the British War Medal, this latter award was noted as being undelivered as of 20 April 1922 and as being retained by the British Embassy in case it may be claimed in the future (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239, FO 372/1502/T3185 and FO 372/1947/T4927; CC, 27.2.1920). MARTEL, Serephin, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Martel received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). MARTENS, Jean, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Martens’ address was noted as 19 rue Jacob, Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from July 1917 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). MARTIN, Alphonse, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Martin was awarded the BEM (Civil Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service during the war and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in the handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). MASSAER, Felix, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Massaer was noted as an Overseer, involved in the construction of aerial lines, telegraphs and telephones. The original recommendation, dated 13 December 1917, described how the recipient has: ‘…given valuable assistance to the 2nd British Army in building, maintaining and repairing army lines in Poperinghe and neighbourhood since the arrival of the British Army in this area, often under shell fire’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). MASSANT, Paul, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Massant was noted as living at 23 rue de la Station, Peruwelz, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MASSART, François, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has held the function of observer on the Namur-Charleroy line from February 1917 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. His repots were very good; his very complete observations have resulted in him receiving the military authorities expression of their satisfaction’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Massart was noted as being a labourer and as living at 61 rue Rivière, Floreffe, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † MASSART, Jean, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘he has fulfilled his duties as observer on the Namur-Charleroi line from February 1917 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. His observations were very complete and have rendered him the expression of satisfaction by the military authorities’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 18 January 1919, Massart had been a student and died 387 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE on 22 January 1919; his address was noted as 61 rue Rivière, Floreffe, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 18.1.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). † MASSART, Jean François Clément, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Massart’s last home address had been 28 rue de la Montagne, Namur, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Massart was arrested by the Germans and executed in Hasselt on 4 November 1916. He had been a civil servant working with the administration of fortresses and roads. The medal was sent to and signed for by his widow, Climencé Sauwers (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † MASSE, Philippe, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 24 December 1916, Masse’s address was noted as Bois Couillet, Marcoing, Nord, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. Masse had been arrested and executed by the Germans at St Quentin on 27 December 1916. His widow was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 17.10.1919; Marcoing War Memorial; http:// civils19141918.canalblog.com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). MASSILLON, Maurice, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Massillon was noted as living at 29 rue des Charbonnages, Montegnée, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MASSIN, Julien, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Massin’s address was noted as Nivelles-Lixhe, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). MASSON, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Masson was noted as living in Jemelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MATERNE, Ernest, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Materne’s address was noted as 37 rue Henri Maus, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). MATHIEU, Joseph The original recommendation noted that the recipient was a: ‘French railwayman employed at La Praz. By his presence of mind and prompt action was instrumental in saving from disaster a British troop train travelling between Modane and St Jean de Maurienne in December last’. The award was approved by the King on 5 July 1918 and on 25 July the Foreign Office despatched the BEM (Civil Division) to the French government which was to arrange the presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/84151, FO 372/1190/126977, FO 372/1191/167807 and FO 372/1778/T5096; CC, 19.7.1919). 388 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † MATON, Alphonse, Belgian Agent The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’. He served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, being arrested by the Germans in January 1916, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment. Maton died during deportation. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Maton was a workman, his recorded home address being noted as 1 Chaussée St Ghislain, Boussu, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Emmanuel Debruyne and Jan Van der Fraenen, personal communication, February 2012). MATON, Mademoiselle Juliette, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Maton’s address was noted as 1 Chaussée St Ghislain, Boussu, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. She served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, being arrested by the Germans, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and imprisoned for a time (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). MAUROIS, Charles, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Maurois appeard to have been part of the Lux service. He was noted as living at 43 Chemin du Chapelain, Ath, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MAUROIS, Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Maurois appeared to have been part of the Lux service. He was noted as living at 43 Chemin du Chapelain, Ath, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MAUROISMARIAULE, Madame Charles, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Maurois-Mariaule appeared to have been part of the Lux network. She was noted as living at 43 Chemin du Chapelain, Ath, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MEES, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mees was noted as living at 39 rue du Chemin de Fer, Hasselt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MEISSONIER, Henri, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Meissonier received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). MELSENS, Guilleaume, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Melsens was noted as living in Engis, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MERCKX, François Léopold, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Merckx was noted as living at 37 rue de la Victoire, Malines, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MEREAU, Eugène, French Agent Also recorded as ‘Merau’, in 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his BEM (Military Division), his address being noted as 24 Avenue Huart, Hamoir, Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium. On 29 September 1920 the Foreign Office sent the medal to the British Embassy in Paris 389 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE for distribution (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1499/ T1588, FO 372/1502/T2901 and FO 372/1520/T10899; CC, 21.11.1919). MERJAY, Franz (fils), Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Merjay was noted as living at 183 rue Berkendael, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192; CC, 21.11.1919). MERJAY, Ghislaine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Merjay was noted as living at 183 rue Berkendael, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MERJAY, José, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Merjay was noted as living at 183 rue Berkendael, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MERJAY, Mademoiselle Madeleine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Merjay was noted as living at 183 rue Berkendael, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MERJAY, Mademoiselle Marie-Jeanne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Merjay was noted as living at 183 rue Berkendael, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MERJAY, Mademoiselle Yvonne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Merjay was noted as living at 183 rue Berkendael, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † MERTENS, Dominique Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 28 November 1916, Mertens had been arrested and was executed by the Germans in Brussels on 2 December 1916. His home address was noted as 12 rue Viaduc Parc, Heverlé, Belgium and he had worked as a train chief with the Belgian national railway company (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). MESNIER, Mademoiselle Jeanne Marie Edinée, French Agent Living at Trélon, Nord, France, Mesnier was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 but did not attend, further efforts then being made to trace her (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1299/145598, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). MEUNIER, Emile, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘From August 1916 until the cease-fire he functioned as observer for the Jemelle observation post [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Meunier was noted as being a train driver and as living in Jemelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). MEUNIER, Mademoiselle Estelle, French Agent Living at 17 Grand Rue, Avesnes sur Helpe, France, Meunier was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1294/T121; CC, 21.11.1919). 390 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MEUNIER, Victor, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Meunier, a retired teacher, was noted as living in Virelles, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Mr Meunier has for one year ensured the transmittal [of information for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from Chimay to Charleroy with perfect dedication. His whole family has been engaged in the Chimay transmittal service’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MEURICE, Joseph Léonard Ghislain Marie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Meurice was noted as living at 27/29 rue de la Fontaine, Visé, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MEURISSE, Emile, French Agent In 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of his BEM (Military Division), his address being noted as 4 rue Sondeville, Peruwelz, Belgium. On 29 September 1920 the Foreign Office sent the medal to the British Embassy in Paris for distribution (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1499/T1588, FO 372/1502/T2901 and FO 372/1520/ T10899; CC, 21.11.1919). MEUVILLE, Louis, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by General Sir J J Asser, GOC British Troops in France and Flanders, dated 12 January 1920, noted he was a: ‘Clerk in Stationmaster’s Office, Charleroi. For great assistance to British soldiers in minimising discomfort in every way possible. He was always ready to be of service day or night’, this being again brought to notice by Sir Francis Villiers, British Ambassador at Brussels, on 9 August 1920. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648 and FO 372/1517/T9337). MEYHUI, Valérie, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Meyhui was living at 40 rue de la Lys, Courtrai, Belgium, when she was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). MEYWAARD, Julianus, Dutch Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Meywaard worked with the Corps d’Observation Anglais and was noted as living at Zwyndrecht, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MIGRENNEDANDOIS, Madame Jeanne, French Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She has for two years rendered very auspicious services in counter-espionage and clandestine correspondence with the political prisoners [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. [She ran a] courier service on numerous occasions’. In 1920 efforts were being made to organise the presentation of her BEM (Military Division), Madame Migrenne-Dandois, who was a businesswoman, being noted as living at 52 rue de Fer, Namur, Belgium. On 29 September 1920 it was reported by the Foreign Office that the medal had been forward directly to her (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1498/T1311, FO 372/1502/T2901, FO 372/1520/T10899 and FO 372/1499/T1588, the latter source referring to her surname as ‘Migrenne-D’Andois’; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). † MIGUET, Armand Jean Herman, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 12 December 1916, Miguet was arrested and executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 16 December 1916. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. He had worked with the tram company, his last address being noted as rue de Liège, Fexhe-le-Haut-Clocher, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 391 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MINET, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Minet was noted as living in Macon, Belgium and as having served as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). MISSELYN, Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Misselyn appears to have served with the Lux network. He was noted as living at Courte rue Ruysbroek, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MOHAMMED, Abdel Farrag, 14 Bash Shawish Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the Director of the Zoological Gardens and supported Lord Allenby for services in Egypt, thus: ‘This man volunteered for active service and served as an NCO with the Camel Transport Corps in the Canal Zone during the latter part of 1915 and did very good work at the Suez Canal Depot in February 1916. This man was paid by the army’. The medal was presented to him at the Residency, Cairo, by the British High Commissioner on 28 March 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1507/T5006, FO 372/1515/T8762, FO 372/1517/T9588, FO 372/1518/ T9902 and FO 372/1778/T5093; CC, 26.8.1920). MOHANNA, Sha’Alan Ibn, 21 Bash Chaoush, 2nd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). † MOHR, Jules, French Agent A French civilian, Mohr was living at 7 Place d’Armes, Valenciennes, Nord, France, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Mohr was executed by the Germans on 19 April 1916 at the Tir National de Schaerbeek, Brussels (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185; CC, 27.2.1920; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † MONIER, Henri, French Agent The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. According to Debruyne and Van der Fraynen (2012), Monier was day worker from Bermerain, France (département du Nord). A courier from the Service Marié, he was arrested by the Germans, tried and condemned to death, being executed in Saint-Quentin on 27 December 1916. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 24 December 1916, Monier’s award was presented to his son Charles by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 17.10.1919; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; Emmanuel Debruyne and Jan Van der Fraenen, personal communication, February 2012). † MONTFORT, Cassian Henri Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated 15 March 1917, Montfort had been arrested by the Germans and executed on 8 March 1917 in Liège. He had worked as a weapons engraver; his last address was noted as 118 Boulevard de la Sauveniére, Liège, Belgium. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269, his first name being also noted as ‘Cassien’; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial. org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). MONTFORT, Philippe, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Montfort was noted as living at 54 rue Edouard Wacken, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 392 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 MONTORT, Alice: See: MOUTORT, Madame Alice. MONTQUIN, Henri, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Montquin was noted as living at 63 rue de Nimy, Mons, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MOONEN, Jean Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Moonen’s address was noted as Neerpelt, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from April 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). MOREAU, Henri, French Agent According to Landau (1935), Moreau acted as a guide helping other agents cross the Franco-Belgian frontier as well as carrying messages himself. Living in Baives, Namur, Belgium, Moreau was due to be presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 but did not attend the ceremony, further efforts then being made to trace him (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1299/145598, FO 372/1300/163199, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.71-75). MOREAU, Raoul, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Moreau’s address was noted as 147 rue de la Station, Berchem, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from 1916 to 1918, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). MOREAUX, Henri, Brigadier Forestier Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Moreaux was noted as a Brigadier Forestier des Eaux et Forêts, Bois l’Abbe près de Prelon; now at Forêt de Nieppe. The original recommendation described how the recipient: ‘Has rendered valuable services in organising civilian labour in Bois d’Aval during the past 2½ years, and in assisting exploitation of woods during the Somme offensive’; his address was noted as La Motte au Bois, route Hazebrouck, France (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). MORELLE, Monsieur l’Abbé Alfred Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Morelle was noted as living at 11 rue du Cure du Chateau, Tournai, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). MORRE, Madame Areriera, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; her address was noted as Hullos, Legelsem, Belgium. The medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). 393 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE MORTEHAN, Mademoiselle Jeanne, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She has observed the Athus-Longwy and Athus-Virton railway-lines from 7 November until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais], with exception of a brief interruption necessitated by a serious threat. She accomplished this double mission in tragic and difficult circumstances with remarkable courage’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mortehan was noted as living at 42 rue Haute, Athus, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MOSMANS, Raoul, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that he: ‘…has made a series of very compromising attempts for our Corps [d’Observation Anglais] from the beginning of 1916 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mosmans was noted as being a Principal Engineer for the telegraph company and as living at 9 rue Nysten, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). MOUCHERONGAUDFRIN, Madame Suzanne, French Agent Living at 1 route de Buire, Buire, Aisne, France, Madame Moucheron-Gaudfrin was due to be presented with her BEM (Military Division) in 1920 but did not attend the ceremony, further efforts then being made to trace her (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). MOUTORT, Madame Alice, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Madame Moutort was noted as a Forewoman at the Smoke Helmet repair Depot, Abbeville. The original recommendation, dated 16 December 1917, described the recipient as being: ‘Forewoman for last six months. Has done very good work’. Efforts were still being made to locate her in November 1920 to facilitate the French government vetting her (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1534/T12134, where she is named ‘Montort’; CC, 20.8.1919). MUS, Pierre Jacques, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Mus was living at 3 rue de la Automne, Ixelles, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). 394 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 N NEAGU, Gheorghe, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Bucharest The original recommendation for the BEM (Civil Division) noted how Neagu: ‘has been in the service of His Majesty’s Government as one of the Chancery servants and Legation porter since 1909, and has been, as the late Sir George Barclay once told me, of the utmost service to His Majesty’s Ministers in Bucharest. As a matter of fact he came to this Legation in the service of the Minister of the day at the age of 16, served three years in the Roumanian army and returned to the Legation to re-enter the private service of the Minister immediately afterwards. He has been here ever since, being transferred to the Government service at the date specified above. His official character therefore dates from twelve years ago. During the war he accompanied Sir George to Jassy to serve the Chancery. Before that time, besides his ordinary duties he was charged by Lady Barclay with the distribution of clothing and food sent to her from England for the Roumanian army. While at Jassy, Georghe Neagu was detailed during part of the Legation exile to assist Mr Baker, the wellknown British merchant of Constantinople, who acted as the head of the British Red Cross Mission in Roumania, as interpreter and to distribute medical comforts. He travelled everywhere, even to Belgrade, in this capacity with Mr Baker and the British Red Cross Organisation, and discharged his duties…’: the award was approved by the King in April 1921. On 3 May 1921 Neagu was presented with the medal at the Legation in Bucharest and in response: ‘stated he would rather possess this recognition of his services to His Majesty’s Government than anything that could be named, and begged me to transmit his humble and grateful thanks for the distinction conferred upon him’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3766 and T3832 and FO 372/1761/T5428; CC, 11.4.1921). NEILSEN, Emil, Chancery Servant at the British Legation at Copenhagen The original recommendation noted that Neilsen was: ‘…specially deserving of recognition on account of good services rendered not only during the late war but also throughout the long period of his employment in this Legation. Neilsen, who is of Danish nationality, is fifty years of age and will next month have completed seventeen years service as Chancery Messenger. He is intelligent, capable and reliable, is acquainted with the German, French and Swedish languages and has passed the difficult examination for a sworn translator from English into Danish and vice versa. At the beginning of the war he responded whole-heartedly to the greatly increased demands made upon him owing to the shorthandedness of the messenger staff and through the whole period of the war continued to do excellent work under great strain…‘. The BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King in April 1921 and presented to Neilsen in Copenhagen the following month (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3817 and T3832 and FO 372/1762/T6355; CC, 11.4.1921). NEUJEAN, Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He functioned as a reception post for the Namur company in 1917 and during the beginning of 1918 [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. His house served as a meeting place for the executive committee for four months. From March 1918 until the cease-fire he has served as liaison-agent of the Liège regional service’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Neujean was noted as being a travelling salesman and as living at 91 rue Hocheport, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). NEUJEAN, Mademoiselle Lucie, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She has recruited the heads of the Mons company in July 1918 and fulfilled the duties of courier from Liège to Huy from August 1918 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Neujean was noted as being a teacher and as 395 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE living at 91 Thier de la Fontaine, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). NEVEN, Nicolas, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Neven was noted as living at 44 rue Lagasse, Nivelles, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). NICOLAS, Mademoiselle Rosalie Céline Louise, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Nicolas’ address was noted as Marbehan, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). NOEL, Désiré Jules, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Noel was noted as the Deputy Mayor at Henneveux, Pas-deCalais. The original recommendation described how the recipient: ‘As acting Mayor, has always given the heartiest co-operation to the British authorities, in particular to the Area Command, as regards the billeting of troops’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). NONET, Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has fulfilled in a perfect manner the duties of the observation post on the railway line from Liège to Aix at Verviers, from March 1918 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Nonet was noted as an electrician for the Belgian national phone company and as living at 20 rue des Carrières, Verviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). NOTERMANS, Mademoiselle Adèle, Dutch Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Mademoiselle Notermans has – together with Madame Notermans – fulfilled the duties of Liège reception post [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from Namur and Brussels with dedication from 25 June 1917 until September of that same year. Mamdeoiselle Notermans has – together with Madame Notermans – served as reserve reception post from Holland from the end of 1917 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Mademoiselle Notermans was noted as living at 81 rue Cathedrale, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). NUBY, Mohamed Ali. See: ALI, Mohamed. NYSSEN, Rev Père Léon, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Rev Nyssen’s address was noted as 8 Vandael-Straat, Borgerhout, Belgium. Entitled also to the British War Medal, this latter award was noted as being undelivered as of 20 April 1922 and as being retained by the British Embassy in Brussels in case it may be claimed in the future (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1301/167455 and FO 372/1947/T4927; CC, 21.11.1919). 396 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 O OMER, Sacré, Police Agent, attached to DAPM, Charleroi The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to Belgium, list 72, 8 May 1922 (TNA ref: WO 388/1 and FO 372/1764/T12765; CC, 22.11.1921). OOMS, Mademoiselle Lucie Célestine, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Ooms‘ address was noted as 7 Chaussée d’Olman, Oostham, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). ORENDI, Eugene, Conductor, Compagnie International des Wagon-Lits, Bucharest section Details of the events leading to the award were reported by Orendi himself thus: ‘I left Bucharest on 26 September 1919 in a special sleeping-car No. 2453, in which were travelling General Greenly and Colonel Gooden, both belonging to the British Mission bound for Belgrade. On 28 September, before the arrival of the train at the station of India (in Serbia), the car took fire owing to the explosion of a petroleum stove (Primus), which the General’s servant had neglected to watch. Seeing that the car was burning, I ran to save the luggage belonging to the Mission, which I placed in a place of safety from the fire. I was burnt on the face and hands in doing so, and as a result of the accident, I remained for two months at the British hospitalin Belgrade, which I left with my right hand rendered useless…’. Supported by Major-General Greenly (who noted that Orendi: ‘made brave efforts to throw the burning mass out of the window, as a result of which he incurred severe burns’), the Army Council recommended Orendi – a Romanian national – for the BEM (Civil Division) on 30 October 1920. The award was approved by the King and on 23 November the medal was sent to the British Legation in Bucharest for presentation to the recipient (TNA ref: FO 372/1534/T12473 and T12826 and T13599; CC, 9.10.1920). OSSELAER, Charles Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Osselaer was noted as living at 23 rue Gaucheret, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 397 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE P PANAIOTI, Kristofo, Captain, Tug Theodor A Greek subject, Panaioti received the BEM (Civil Division) among the military exchange awards for his actions in connection with a fire aboard the SS War Pike. His recommendation, by Colonel R W Fox and the GOC of the British Military Mission in South Russia, Major-General H C Holman, and dated 23 December 1919, notes it as being: ‘For gallantry and devotion to duty. At Novorossisk on 14 October 1919 Capt Panaiote was in command of the tug Theodor that stood by the SS War Pike after she had grounded at sea, and when she was on fire and the ammunition on board exploding. He remained standing by until the efforts of the workers had succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to the after part of the vessel. His behaviour throughout was admirable’. The medal was sent in February 1920 to the British Military Mission in South Russia for presentation, but Panaioti could not be located and the medal was then forwarded to the Greek government for them to try to locate him and make the presentation (TNA refs: WO 388/4: book 21, FO 372/1294/T217, FO 372/1499/T1638 and FO 372/1516/T9175; CC, 17.2.1920). PAPAZIAN, Mihran An Armenian civilian subject, Papazian was attached to the General Staff as an Interpreter with the British Salonika Force, its C-in-C General Sir G F Milne recommending him for the BEM (Civil Division) on 9 March 1919 for: ‘Continuous good work and devotion to duty, frequently carried out at considerable personal risk and danger’. The King approved the award on 20 August 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/103501 and FO 372/1297/120359; CC, 20.8.1919). PAPEGNIES, Hector, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Papegnies’s address was noted as 22 Grande Place, Flobecq, Hainault, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). PAQUET, Rev Père Jean Baptiste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Rev Paquet’s address was noted as 165 rue Royale, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). PAQUET, Raymond Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘From the beginning of 1917 until the cease-fire he ensured the transmittal of documents from the Dinant post to Jemelle [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Paquet was noted as being a businessman and as living in Jemelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). PROVENANCE: The BWM (only) to Paquet (noted at ‘Pacquet’ on the MIC) exists in a private UK collection (2012). PAQUET, Rémy, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Paquet’s address was noted as Gemmenich, Haften, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an 398 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1914, 1915, 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919, where his surname is given as ‘Paquot’). † PARENT, Léon, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, during 1914 and 1915 Parent (who was only a student) helped to guide nearly 350 French and Belgian soldiers stranded behind German lines from the Ardennes area to safety in Liège. He was captured on 19 August 1915, tried and subsequently executed by the Germans on 8 December that year in Antwerp. His home address was noted as Wépion-Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.242-251; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † PARENTE, Charles Gustave, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Parenté was a foreman in the Belgian Telegraph Association and as an agent organised some 50 others in gathering intelligence as part of the Lefebvre-Parenté network. He was captured, tried and subsequently executed by the Germans on 15 May 1916 at the Tir National, in Brussels. He had worked as a mechanical labourer with the telegraph company, his home address being noted as 35 rue Eloi, Cureghem, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.223-233; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918. canalblog.com). PARMENTIER, Joseph Gilles, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Parmentier was noted as living at 63 rue de Tilf, Angleur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192; CC, 21.11.1919). PROVENANCE: The BWM (only, together with an unrelated medal) to Parmentier was sold at DNW, lot 418, 28 March 2012. PARMENTIER, Mademoiselle Juliette, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Parmentier was noted as living at 108 rue St Donnat, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † PARSY, Louis, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 24 December 1916, Parsy’s address was noted as Marcoing, Nord, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Parsy had been arrested by the Germans and executed on 27 December 1916 in St Quentin. His widow was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/ T801, the latter source recording him as ‘Passy’; CC, 17.10.1919; Marcoing War Memorial; Van der Fraenen, 2009, who notes him as ‘Parzy’). PAULUS, Jean, Dutch Agent A Dutch civilian, Paulus was living at 27 Place Coronmeuse, Herstal, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Civil Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied Belgium during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). PAULUSSEN, Jean, De Heer, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Paulussen’s address was noted as 13 rue des Mineurs, Liège, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Belgium during 1915, 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 399 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE PECHEUX, Fernand, French Agent Living on rue de l’Hôpital, Fourmies, France, Pecbeux was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919). † PEIFFER, Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 4 June 1915, Peiffer was arrested and executed by the Germans in Liège on 7 June 1915. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège. His last address was noted as 3 rue des Eburons, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles. php; www.bel-memorial.org). PERALDI, Raoul, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Peraldi received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). PERPETE, Rev Père Auguste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Rev Perpete was noted as living at Abbaye de Scourmont, Scourmont, Belgium and as having served as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PERWEZ, Dieudonné, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Perwez was living at 5 rue du Fort, Liers, Belgium, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1501/T2612; CC, 3.3.1920). PEVENASSE, Mademoiselle Madeleine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Pevenasse was noted as living at 56 rue Habart, Marcinelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). PEVENASSE, Mademoiselle Rachel, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Pevenasse was noted as living at 56 rue Habart, Marcinelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). PHILIPPART, Rev Père Henri, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Rev Philippart’s address was noted as 30 rue des Augustins, Tournai, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation [the Biscops network] in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PHILIPPOTBOSSEAUX, Madame Christine, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘From 1917 until the cease-fire she watched as guard over the meeting of the Namur unit [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais] which were held at her place’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Philippot-Bosseaux was noted as being a housewife and as living at 19 rue de Gembloux, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PHILIPS, Wilhem, Dutch Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Philips worked with the M65 network and was noted as living at Boomdyk, Hansweert, Holland (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 400 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 PHOLIEN, Camille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Pholien, the Assistant-Attorney-General, was noted as living at 203 Avenue Brugmann, Ixelles, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Pholien: ‘has obtained very important information for the COA at different times, especially at the beginning of July 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PHYLPO, Madame Irma, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Madame Phylpo was noted as a Forewoman superintending 85 female labourers in carpenters shop. The original recommendation described how: ‘Her organising capabilities and example have greatly increased the quantity of work capable of being carried out in the Shops. She also displayed great courage under shell-fire’; her address was noted as Het Heet, Reninghelst, Belgium (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). PICARD, Monsieur l’Abbé Louis, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He was head of the railway observation post at Bastogne from 15 March 1918 until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. He also fulfilled the role of transmitting-agent’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Picard was noted as living at Le Petit Séminaire, Bastogne, Belgium, where he was a priest and teacher (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PICKMAN, Maurice, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He accomplished with remarkable preciseness and capability his functions as a counter-espionage and intelligence agent for two years [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Pickman was noted as working as a State Security Agent and as living at 3 rue Hennet, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PICQUE, Aujusin Aujuste Joseph French citizen The Central Chancery notes Picque received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). PIERSON, Mademoiselle Marie, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She has fulfilled the role of regional observer in the Bouillon area for 6 months until the cease-fire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. She succeeded in creating a post at Sedan, the staff of which were deported shortly afterwards’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Pierson was noted as living in Corbion-Bouillon, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PINET, Gerome, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Pinet was noted as living at 472 Breudenweg, Aubel, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). PIOT, Louis, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Piot received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). PIRGHAYE, Jean, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He ensured, both in our service [the Corps d’Observation Anglais] as in the service of D Lambrecht, the surveillance of the Liège-Vivegnie-Liers line from 1915 until the cease-fire, with the exception of a few months’ interruption from March until June 1916 caused by the arrest of Mr Lambrecht. 401 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE His reports were very meticulous’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Pirghaye was noted as working as a ‘braker’ with the Belgian national railway company and as living at 439 rue Vivegnis, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PIRMEZ, Adelin, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Pirmez, a railway worker, was noted as living at 11 rue des Champs, Couillet, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘Mr Pirmez, together with his wife, has fulfilled the duties of observer of the Charleroy-Namur line [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] in an impeccable manner for 18 months’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PISSIAS, Jean, a Greek citizen Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by Lord Allenby for courageous conduct in connection with riots in Egypt in 1919, Pissias was described as ‘of Café Rue Premier Khédive, Alexandria’. The medal was sent to Allenby by the Foreign Office on 12 January 1920 for his to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1300/162615 and 163391, and FO 372/1301/168952; CC, 1.1.1920, where he is listed as Belgian). PITTOORS, Georges, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Pittoors’ address was noted as 15 rue des Plantes, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). PLATEAU, Hubert, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Plateau was noted as a civilian employed by the British Army; timber measurer Forêt Nieppe and Bois d’Allonville, etc. The original recommendation, dated 9 December 1917, described how: ‘By his effort and energetic example whilst in charge of large civilian working parties in First Army and on the Somme he has materially assisted Army operations’; while his address as noted as Gussy par Boves. Efforts to trace Plateau by the French government in order to present him with his medal were unsuccessful and on 29 December 1920 the British Ambassador in Paris returned his medal to the Foreign Office. The Foreign Office replied on 7 January 1921 noting Plateau’s address in 1917 had been Gussy par Boves and hoped this information might enable the recipient to be located. These efforts proved unsuccessful and the medal was returned to the Central Chancery in March 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998, FO 372/1527/T14932 and FO 372/1774/T2354; CC, 20.8.1919). PLISNIER, Maurice, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Plisnier was noted as working as a Station Sub-Chief for the railway company and as living at 27 rue Alfred Cluysenaer, St Gilles, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He directed a territorial observation group in the Brussels region [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from April 1918 until the cease-fire. He surveyed the Dender defence-line, established by the Germans to cover their withdrawal’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). 402 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 PLUS, Adolphe, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Plus’ address was noted as 15 rue de la Prairie, Gand, Belgium. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). POISSONNIER, Monsieur, French citizen Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) in December 1919 and again one year later by Lord Hardinge, British Ambassador in Paris (letter dated 25 December 1920), Poissonier (or Poissonnier as he also appears) was put forward as: ‘Chef d’Ateliers, Boulogne-sur-Mer’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1527/ T14844, FO 372/1500/T2087, FO 372/1756/T768 and FO 372/1756/T768; CC, 9.2.1921). † POLLET, Arthur Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 26 February 1916, Pollet was a policeman (having previously been a mechanic). He was also an observer in the Carlot-Louis network. Arrested by the Germans, he was tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and executed on 3 March at the Camp de Casteau. His wife was sentenced to 10 years’ forced labour. Pollet’s home address was noted as 61 Grand Rue, Manage, Belgium. Rue Arthur Pollet in Manage was named after him (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). POMEREU, Guy de, Brigadier, Interpreter attached King’s Messenger Service The BEM (Military Division) was approved for award to Pomereu, a French national, in March 1920 (TNA ref: FO 372/1301/171208 and FO 372/1502/T3006; CC, 11.2.1920). PONDANTLEJEUNE, Madame Jeanne, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Pondant-Lejeune was noted as living at 31 rue des Bayards, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). POULAIN, Ernest Eugène Edouard, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Poulain was noted as a Sous Chef Principal associated with the working of the Bassin, Loubet, Boulogne. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described the recipient as having been: ‘Associated with the working of the Basin Loubet [at] Boulogne and has at all times rendered the most valuable assistance’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). POYER, Raymond, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Poyer received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). PREUD’HOMME, Jules, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Preud’Homme’s address was noted as Huy, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). PRINSIR, Jérôme, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Prinsir was noted as a saw sharpener and expert saw-man in workshops at Abeele. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described the recipient as having: ‘…rendered very good and faithful service at Abeele workshops. Has always shown the greatest desire to assist’; his address was noted as 68 Cassel St, Poperinghe (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). PROUVOSTMASUREL, Madame Louise Marie, French Agent Living on rue Mirabeau, Mouveaux, France, Prouvost-Masurel was presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919). 403 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Q QUEWET, Alfred-Adelin-Joseph, 12284 Adjutant, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 21.11.1919). 404 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 R RADHA, Obaid Ibn, 50 Chaoush, 2nd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). RAEMDONCK, Fernand, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Raemdonck’s address was noted as 40 Boulevard Zoologique, Gand, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from December 1917 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). RAEPSAET, Maurice, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Raepsaet was noted as being the Director of the electrical plant of Antoing and as living at 120 Boulevard du Hainaut, Tournay, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Raepsaet: ‘Joined the service in April 1918, and immediately created and organized the whole territorial service of the Tournay region [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais], ensuring the transmittal of the documents to Brussels. His reports have been extremely appreciated by the military authorities. In July he succeeded in establishing an observation group at Lille’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). RAES, Ernest Charles, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Raes was noted as living at 36 rue du Gazomètre, St Nicholas Waes, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). RAGHES, Ibrahim, Effendi, Agent on Quays, Egyptian State Railways An Egyptian citizen, Raghes’ recommendation by General Allenby for the BEM noted how he: ‘Had to look after receipt, checking, sorting, storing and forwarding of all Army railway material arriving at Alexandria for Egypt, Salonika or elsewhere: this was in addition to work for State Railways, necessitating long hours and a good deal of night work’, his address being noted as c/o Superintendent of Stores, ESR, Cairo. The medal was presented by Sir M Cheetham in Egypt. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1292/26084, FO 372/1293/32456 and FO 372/1296/105998, the latter source citing him as ‘Ragheb’). † RAMELOO, Mademoiselle Léonie Pauline, Belgian Agent She started working as courier for Service DP in September 1915, her back garden actually being on the Belgian-Dutch frontier. Rameloo took turns with her sister going to the village two or three times a week to collect the intelligence reports. Sometimes the little papers were sewn into the clothes of the 4-year-old son of one of them, to avoid detection by the Germans. At home they tied the files into a piece of cloth and on to a stone and simply threw them across the border. Instructions came back the same way. In April 1917 she was hauled out of her bed in the middle of the night and arrested together with a few other agents. She was sentenced to death on 3 July 1917 and executed 405 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE in Ghent on 12 September that year. According to a witness, at the moment of execution the girls (Emilie Schatteman and Léonie Rameloo) ran screaming from their execution spot and had to be dragged back. One of them fell down and was executed that way. Not being quite dead, she was given a coup-de-grace by an officer with a pistol. According to Morton (2010), Rameloo lived in Bouchaute, on the Belgian-Dutch border and assisted in passing both people and messages across it until she was caught. Her posthumous BEM (Military Division) was to be dated from 15 September 1917. She is commemorated by Leonie Rameloostraat in Oostakker (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 15.9.1917; Landau, 1935, pp.252-257; Morton, 2010, p.100; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). RASUL, Diwan Ibn, 114, Inland Water Transport The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). RATAILLE, Raoul A French subject, Rataille was recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) and noted as an Inspecteur au Camp Retranche Service de Contre Espionnage Préfecture de Police. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1756/T768). REGARDIER, Michel Marie, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Regardier received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). REGNIER, Emile, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘he contributed to the creation of the regional service at Arlon [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from 15 August 1917. On 7 November 1917 he created the railway observation post, which controlled the Athus-Longwy and Athus-Virton lines. He fulfilled, together with Rev Father Bégasse, the role of head of the Arlon post until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Regnier was noted as being a teacher in the Athénée Royale in Arlon, where he lived at 77 rue de Mersch (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). REMACLE, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Remacle was noted as living at 6 Place Verte, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † REMY, Georges Thimoté, French Agent A French civilian, Remy was arrested and executed by the Germans in Tournai on 31 October 1917. His last home address was noted as at Nomain-pres-Orchies, Nord, France. When awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noted that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239, FO 372/1506/T4566, FO 372/1511/T6945 and FO 372/1512/T7197; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009). RENCY, Albert, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Rency was noted as living in Neufchateau, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). RENE, Schmidt, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), René was noted as a Chief Foreman of Work at Armentières. The original recommendation, dated 10 December 1917, noted the recipient: ‘Was employed for [a] long period by the Army as foreman. Afforded valuable [service] in salving machinery in Armentières whilst the town was being bombarded; while his address was noted as Reninghelst (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). 406 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 RENETTE, Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He created the objects necessary to disguise the pieces to be transported and in general those needed for the functioning of the Service [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Renette was noted as being a Conservator at the Montéfière Institute and as living at 56 rue Bois Lèvêque, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). REUL, Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Reul was noted as living at 20 rue de Lombardie, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). REVILLON, Adrienne, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Revillon received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). REYMEN, Ernest, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He procured the Villa des Hirondelles at Wandre for the Corps [d’Observation Anglais] at the end of 1917, to serve as a refuge for seriously compromised units. The same night when our people were arrested, he entered the villa and succeeded in retrieving that week’s reports from the Liège group and a number of other pieces’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Reymen was noted as being a tobacco merchant and as living at 6 rue Werihet, Wandre, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). † RICHTER, Adrien, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Richter and others worked for a train-watching service, reporting German troop movements. Arrested on 10 April 1917, Richter was executed by the Germans in Liège on 11 September that year. His final letter from prison is reproduced by Landau (1935). Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 1 September 1917, Richter had been a pub owner and factory worker; his last address was noted as 36 rue Ferdinand Nicolay, Ougree, Belgium. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 1.9.1917; Landau, 1935, p.204 and 293; www.1914-1918. be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). RIDOUX, Alfred, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Ridoux received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). RIKER, Fernand Nicholas, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Riker was noted as living at 32 Quai de la Batte, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919, where his surname is listed as ‘Rikir’). ROBBE, Thomas Emile Alexandre, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by the British Ambassador at Brussels, noted he was: ‘Stationmaster, Gare du Midi, Brussels, during 1918 and up to June 1919’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648). RODELET, François, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘In 1918 he delivered precious information to the COA preserving its security, thus contributing in its safety’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Rodelet was described as being Adjunct-Chief of Police and as living at 10 rue Naimette, Liège, Belgium. The British synopsis of the recommendation vaguely noted that Rodelet 407 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PROVENANCE: The single BWM to Rodelet is known in a private UK collection (May 2011). RODRIGUEZ, Dominique Jean, Spanish Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Rodriguez’s address was noted as 108 rue Verboeckhaven, Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in Belgium during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † ROELS, Léonce, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 25 February 1916, Roels was prominent in the Carlot-Louis network. On 27 October 1915, a search of his premises at Zottegem (where he was a notary) revealed papers of the service, resulting in his arrest the same day, followed during the ensuing months by all of his agents and later by those of other groups. He was executed by the Germans on 3 March 1916 at Camp de Casteau. His home address was noted as 9 rue du Pont, ‘Sotteghem’ [sic], Belgium. He is commemorated by Léonce Roelsstraat in Zottegem (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). ROISIN, Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He directed the observation section of the Namur railway area for nearly one year until the ceasefire [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Roisin was noted as working as a Chief Postman and as living at 2 rue des Trois Piliers, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919, where his surname is given as ‘Roislin’; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). ROISIN, Louis, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He helped the chief of the Namur group [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from its debut in March 1917. He anchored the regional posts of Tamines, Philippeville, Gembloux, Eghezée, Gesves and Andenne. He was called upon to lead the Namur platoon in 1918 and held this role until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Roisin was noted as being a student and as living at 2 rue des Trois Piliers, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). ROLEN, Walerand, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has fulfilled the duties of head of the transmittal section of the Namur group [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from 1 May 1917 until the cease-fire’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Rolen was noted as being a telegraph employee and as living at 114 rue de Gembloux, St Servais, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). ROMBOUTSLODEWEICKX, Madame Jeanne, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She ensured the courier service across the electrical wire for multiple important services, notably M82-M93 and M105 [within Zone IV of Transmissions de SA, which operated in the northern part of Brabant province]. She fulfilled this task giving proof of her audacity and courage, not hesitating despite the body search each time she crossed the electrical wire fence, although she had up to 22 files at a time on her. She was arrested for this service and sentenced to death but her punishment was commuted’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable 408 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’. Madame Rombouts-Lodeweickx’s address was noted as Binnenpad, Staebroeck, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 & P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012). ROOSEBEKE, August, Belgian civilian Described as a permanent way ganger on the railway between Poperinghe and Vlamertinghe, Roosebeke was awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). 409 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE S SAGARY, André Jules Cornil, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Sagary was noted as a Secretaire de la Mairie de St-Jans-Cappel (Nord) since 1 January 1901. The original recommendation, dated 9 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘From the beginning of the war (and specially from Nov[ember] 1914 to March 1915) proved most anxious to oblige in every way the troops quartered in St Jans Cappel’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). SALEM, Mohammed, 3 Nafar Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the Director of the Zoological Gardens and supported Lord Allenby for services in Egypt, thus: ‘This man volunteered for active service and served with conspicuous ability as principal orderly to the Director of Camel Transport Corps from 1915 onwards. He has received no pay from the army’. The medal was presented to him at the Residency, Cairo, by the British High Commissioner on 28 March 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1507/ T5006, FO 372/1515/T8762, FO 372/1517/T9588, FO 372/1518/T9902 and FO 372/1778/T5093; CC, 26.8.1920). SALIH, Muzaffar Beg Ibn, Effendi, Assistant Levy Officer, 2nd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 3.12.1920). SALON, Auguste The original recommendation for the BEM (Civil Division) from the FM C-in-C, dated 18 April 1918, noted that: ‘On 23 and 24 March 1918 this man, who is a signalman at Tachincourt, remained at his post during two nights of bombing and enabled us to go on moving engines and trains. His example may have been the cause of our having no trouble with any of the Nord staff at Tachincourt’. Supported by the Army Council and submitted by the War Office on 10 May 1918, the recipient was noted as an employee of the Chemin de Fer du Nord and was based at Nord Railway, Rue d’Arras, St Pol. The award was approved by the King on 5 July 1918 and on 25 July the Foreign Office despatched the medal to the French government which was to arrange the presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/84151, FO 372/1190/126977 and FO 372/1778/T5096; CC, 19.7.1918). SANTI, Giovanni di, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Constantinople The original recommendation noted that: ‘Giovanni di Santi, who is 46-year-old, has been employed as Chancery servant here for the past 22 years. Originally an Italian subject he obtained last year British naturalisation. He is a zealous servant and has always given complete satisfaction. During the war he was interned by the Turks. I would submit to Your Lordship that his is a case deserving of recognition in the manner suggested’. The BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King in April 1921 and presented by the High Commissioner the following month (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3832 and FO 372/1761/5799; CC, 11.4.1921, where he is listed as Turkish). SARGIS, Daniel, 680 Private, 2nd Assyrian Battalion, Iraq Levies The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.127; CC, 13.4.1922). SCHALTIN, Mademoiselle Hélène, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Schaltin was noted as living at 64 rue Mandeville, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 410 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † SCHATTERMAN, Mademoiselle Emilie, Belgian Agent According to Morton (2010), Mademoiselle Schatterman lived in Bouchaute, on the Belgian-Dutch border and assisted in passing people and messages across it (as part of the DP network) until she was caught and shot by the Germans in Ghent on 12 September 1917 (see the entry of Léonie Rameloo for details of this). Her posthumous BEM (Military Division) was to be dated from 10 September 1917. Her home address was noted as 83 rue de l’Ouest, Heydinghe, Belgium. She is commemorated through a street: Emilie Schattemanstraat, in Oostakker (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 10.9.1917; Landau, 1935, pp.252-257; Morton, 2010, p.100; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). SCHEIDWAUTHIER, Madame Isabelle, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Scheid-Wauthier was noted as living at 94 rue Augustin Delporte, Ixelles, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Madame Scheid-Wauthier: ‘…helped in the escape of our agent Mr St-Lambert in June 1917. In September 1918 she made numerous attempts to create a service [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] at Mons, although she was actively sought after by the German police. She accepted the duties of head of the evacuation section of the corps and succeeded in getting Mr Surlémont, who was seriously compromised, out of the country in October 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). SCHEPKENS, Jean Adrien François, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Schepkens’ address was noted as 2 rue du Canal, Lommel-Kerkhoven, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 21.11.1919). SCHEURETTESTILMANT, Madame Vve Amelie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Scheurette-Stilmant was noted as living in Gouvy, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). SCHIEPERS, Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Schiepers’ address was noted as Canne, Limbourg, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from August 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). SCHMIDT, René. See: RENE, Schmidt. SCHMIT, Mattias, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Professeur Schmit was noted as living at rue Auguste Charles, Bonnevoie, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Luxemburg during 1917 and 1918’. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; see also Morgan, 2004). SCHNERSON, Lova, 4th Class Agent, Intelligence Corps Employed between December 1917 and September 1918, Schnerson was a Palestinian Jew, his original recommendation for the BEM (Civil Division) noting how he: ‘Volunteered to cross the 411 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Turkish lines with a view to carrying out important secret service work. He succeeded in passing through the lines and remained there several days. He volunteered to go a second time but had to return, narrowly escaping capture by the Turks in the neighbourhood of Jiljulieh. He would have been hanged had he been caught’. His address was noted as the Anglo-Palestine Bank, Jaffa, Palestine (TNA refs: FO 372/1293/53519 and FO 372/1294/68115; CC, 30.4.1919). SCHRAUWEN, Louis, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Schrauwen’s address was noted as Ossendrecht, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from May 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). SCHURGERS, Paul Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Schurgers’ address was noted as Genck, Limbourg, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). SCHUTZ, Jean, 11451 Marechal des Logis-Chef, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.1919). SCLEP, Aloys-Pierre-Toussaint, 10275 Adjutant, Belgian Gendarmerie Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other members of the Belgian Gendarmerie, for services in Britain, they having: ‘…rendered most useful services to the police of this country in dealing with Belgian refugees and with deserters’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 13 February 1920 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1299/155531; CC, 2.12.1919). SEAUX, Mademoiselle Cécile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Seaux was noted as working as a saleswoman and as living at 29 rue Deneck, Brussels, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘for a number of months she has completed the dangerous task of soliciting information from German soldiers coming to purchase at the store where she was working. She founded a small observation post at Grammene for which she ensured the transmittal [of information for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). SEAUX, Léon, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Seaux was noted as living at 107 rue de Limbourg, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). SEAUXBUISSON, Madame Fernande, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Seaux-Buisson was noted as living at 107 rue de Limbourg, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 412 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † SEGERS, Jean Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 12 December 1916, Segers had been arrested and was executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 16 December 1916. He had worked for the Belgian national trolley company and his last address was noted as Reckheim, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009). SENCIER, Victor, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Sencier was noted as living at 22 rue Warchais, VillersPerwin, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). SERVAIS, Désiré Joseph, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Servais was living at rue des Deux Ponts, Ixelles, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). SERVAIS, Jean Hubert Léopold, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Servais’ address was noted as 19 rue Neuve, Welkenraedt, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). SERVAIS, Monsieur l’Abbé Léopold, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Servais’ address was noted as Habay-la-Neuve, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). SEVRIN, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Sevrin was noted as living at rue Wierz, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). SEVRINDUPONT, Madame Clara, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Sevrin-Dupont was noted as living at 18 rue Wiertz, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). SHAWAISH, Abbas Ibn, 185 Chaoush, Dulaim Gendarmerie The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to France, list 58, 9 February 1920 (TNA ref: WO 388/ book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). SIELBO, Gustave Léopold, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Sielbo’s address was noted as 93 rue de la Station, Berchem, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). SILVA, Francisco da, Wharfmaster at Lisbon Silva, a Portuguese citizen, was granted the BEM (Civil Division) in 1920 for ‘assistance to Admiralty Transport Service’. The original recommendation, for the medal and a gratuity of £20, noted that the recipient was: ‘Wharf Master in charge of hawsers and mooring and unmooring of all transports. [He] has carried out his duties in a most satisfactory manner and on more than one occasion has saved a Transport from accident through hawsers parting during heavy freshets in winter months’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1300/158322 and FO 372/1499/T1637; CC, 9.3.1920, where he is listed as ‘de Silva’). 413 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE † SIMON, Charles Adam, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 4 June 1915, Simon was arrested and executed by the Germans in Liège on 7 June 1915. Possibly a British citizen, he had worked as technical draughtsman; his last address was noted as 47 rue Lucien Nameche, Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; www.1914-1918.be/civil_ fusilles.php; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † SIMONET, Charles Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 3 March 1915, Simonet was a farm labourer and newspaper seller. Despite being 73-year-old, he also served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network. Shortly after the arrest of Jules Legay on 25 June 1915, Simonet was arrested in the town hall, searched and found to be carrying documents. Sentenced to death in Brussels on 2 November 1915, he was executed at the Tir National at Brussels on 6 November that year. His home address was noted as 16 rue des Tolliers, Mons, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). SIMONET, Oscar, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He assumed the duties of railway observer at Gouvy from mid-September 1917 until the ceasefire. His reports were very meticulous [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Simonet was noted as a post office worker and as living in Gouvy, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). SION, Etienne, French Agent Living at 246 rue du Général Droucot, France, Sion (also noted as ‘Syon’ in WO 106) was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919, where the recipient’s surname is given as ‘Syon’). SISTERMAN, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Sisterman’s address was noted as Zundert, Holland (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). SIVILLE, Max, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Siville was noted as living in Bastogne, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † SLOCK, Ferdinand Liborus, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 14 September 1915, Slock had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Brugge on 17 September 1915. Slock had been a merchant; his home address was noted as Peleghem lez Deinze, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). SMAGGHE, Mademoiselle Cécile, French civilian Awarded the BEM, Smagghe was noted as a ‘Daughter of Secretaire to Marie’. The original recommendation, dated 10 December 1917, described how the recipient (along with Albert Makereel and Alice Cattoen): ‘Have had the entire direction on behalf of municipality of all billeting and all matters connected with British troops since beginning of war. Have gone out of their way to render help on all occasions to British Military Authorities and have checked abuses’. Her address is noted as Contour de l’Eglise, Méteren (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998 and FO 372/1297/127329; CC, 20.8.1919). 414 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † SMEESTERS, Augustin, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Smeesters (père) was awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Augustin Smeesters (62) was executed, along with his 18-year-old son, by the Germans in Liège on 2 June 1916 and is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. Smeesters worked as a hairdresser; his last address was Chaussee de Hanut, Landen, Belgium. The medal was sent to and signed for by his widow (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org). † SMEESTERS, Augustin François, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Smeesters (fils) was awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Augustin Smeesters (18) was executed, along with his father, by the Germans in Liège on 2 June 1916 and is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. Smeesters worked as a mechanic; his last address was Chaussee de Hanut, Landen, Belgium. The medal was sent to and signed for by ‘Madame Vve A Smeesters’, presumably his widowed mother (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; www.19141918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). SMETS, Joseph, Belgian Agent Smets was put forward for the MBE in May 1921 by Baron de Brogueville for service as: ‘Sergeant Interpreter with the Chief Engineer British Second Army, for excellent work during the enemy offensive in 1918’, though the recommendation was cancelled in view of his previously receiving the BEM for secret service work. Smets however does not appear on the Central Chancery BEM register (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648; CC). SMITZ, Mademoiselle Berthe, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Smitz was noted as living at 22 Brugschestraat, Eecloo, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). SOLHEID, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Solheid was noted as living at 29 rue de State, Huy, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). SOLVEL, Madame Georgette, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Solvel appears to have worked with the Negros and Dubois networks. She was noted as living at 97 rue de l’Escaut, Molembeek St Jean, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † SOMERS, Louis Joseph, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Somers was a member of the ‘French’ [sic] Secret Service. Betrayed by a traitor, he was caught, imprisoned and executed by the Germans on 29 June 1916. His last letter to his daughter Micheline, dated 28 July 1916, in reproduced by Landau. A Belgian civilian, Somers address was chez Mme Clerckx-Bollen, Hasselt, Limbourg, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/T3185; CC, 27.2.1920; Landau, 1935, pp.285-286; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). SPAEPEN, Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Spaepen was noted as living at 2 Prinsenstraat, Tournhout, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 415 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE SPELIERSAINT HUBERT, Madame Vve Marie Sidonie, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Madame Spelier-Saint Hubert’s address was noted as rue de l’Eglise, Cappellen, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). SPETH, Maurice Jacques, Adjutant, Armee Belge Awarded the BEM (Military Division), with four other recipients: ‘…in recognition of the assistance they have given to the British Espionage Services in England and Holland during the war and in Belgium since the Armistice’; on 14 October 1919 the British Embassy in Paris requested further information on the recipient’s unit to assist them in tracing him to organise the presentation. The BEM was among the military exchange awards to Belgium, list 48, 28 October 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/133806 and WO 388/1; CC, 20.8.1919). SPODENHEMPER, Madame Virgine, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She served as courier between the Luxemburg border and Beurey [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]. She crossed the border numerous times with remarkable courage and recruited an agent in the Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg. She has worked as an agent from 5 November 1917’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Spoden-Hemper was noted being a housewife and as living at Moinet, Commune de Longvilly, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). STAKENBORGHS, Jean B, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Monsieur Stakenborghs appears to have served in both Belgian and British secret service networks. He was arrested by the Germans and was convicted on 24 August 1917 to life imprisonment. He was noted as living at 96 Courte rue de l’Hopital, Tournhout, Belgium. On 14 March 1920 Stakenborghs unsuccessfully petitioned the British authorities for a further award for assisting British prisoners-of-war, including helping them cross the border into Holland. He did, however, also receive the British War Medal and a MID (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1504/T3486; Roel Struyve, personal information, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). STEENACKERS, Camille, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Steenackers’ address was noted as Ossendrecht, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service during 1917, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; CC, 17.10.1919). STEENMANS, Rev Père Edwinus, Dutch Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Rev Steenmans was noted as living at Pastorie, Maldegem, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1301/167455, the latter listing him as a Belgian subject; CC, 21.11.1919). STEVENS, Norbert, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Stevens appears to have worked for the Lux network. He was noted as living at 3 rue du Chemin de Fer, Muysen, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Clerbout, 2009; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Clerbout, 2009). 416 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † STEVIGNY, Emile Joseph, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Stévigny was a Belgian Customs Inspector at Maeseyck on the BelgianDutch border and a member of the Wallinger service. As well as acting as an Agent, he recruited for the Belgian army, on one occasion managing to smuggle a party of 70 recruits through the electric wire. Eventually captured by the German Secret Police, he was imprisoned and executed in Brussels on 13 December 1917. His final letter to his mother, dated 12 December 1917, is reproduced by Landau. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 10 December 1917, Stevigny’s last address was noted as 70 rue Leopold II, St Trond, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 10.12.1917; Landau, 1935, pp.290-291; http://civils19141918.canalblog. com; Van der Fraenen, 2009). STRANDBERG, Axel Theodor, Chancery Servant at the British Legation at Stockholm The original recommendation noted that Strandberg was a 43-year-old Swedish subject who had been 16 years employed at the Legation and went on to specify: ‘Having been asked by HM Minister at Stockholm whether I would recommend Strandberg, Head Chancery Servant there for the medal which it is proposed to confer on deserving Chancery servants, I have much pleasure in recommending Strandberg for the distinction. Not only had he served for a considerable number of years at the Legation before the war and given I believe complete satisfaction, but I can hardly speak too highly of his industry, zeal, activity and intelligence and honesty during the period of the war when I was at Stockholm. I therefore sincerely hope that it may be possible to give him the medal as a recognition of his services during that time‘. The BEM (Civil Division) was approved by the King in May 1921 and presented to him in Stockholm the following month (TNA ref: FO 372/1760/T5051 and FO 372/1761/T5855 and T6997; CC, 10.5.1921). STRANG, Monsieur l’Abbé Adrien, Dutch Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that l’Abbé Strang: ‘…has created a railway observation network in Liège in June 1917, which functioned until November 1917 [as part of the M250 network]. The network comprised three observation posts. He was arrested on 26 November 1917, sentenced to death but pardoned. His behaviour in front of his judges was admirable’. Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), l’Abbé Strang was noted as living at 39 rue de la Glaciere, Seraing, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). SURDEAU, André, French Agent Living in Trélon, Nord, France, Surdeau was presented with his BEM (Military Division) by MajorGeneral Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1299/145598, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801). SYON, Etienne. See: SION, Etienne. 417 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE T TAEYMANS, Mademoiselle Dorothee, Dutch Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Taeymans was noted as living at 60 rue St Gilles, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). TAEYMANSSCHRAM, Madame Vve Jeanne, Dutch Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Madame Taeymans-Schram was noted as living at 60 rue St Gilles, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). TAQUET, Jean Eugène, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Taquet appears to have worked for the Lux network. He was noted as living at rue du Chemin de Fer, Boussu-Haine, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). TAQUET, Madame Marthe, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Taquet appears to have worked for the Lux network. She was noted as living at rue du Chemin de Fer, Boussu-Haine, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). TAQUETHELLIN, Madame Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Taquet-Hellin appears to have worked for the Lux network. She was noted as living at rue du Chemin de Fer, Boussu-Haine, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † TASSET, Jacques, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated 10 July 1916, Tasset had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 12 August 1916. He was a farmer; his last address was noted as Zonhoek, Neerpelt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 14.6.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009). TELLIER, Félix Louis, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Tellier’s address was noted as 39 Avenue Jules Ferry, Cambrai, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’. Tellier was due to be presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920. He did not attend the ceremony and further efforts were made to trace him to confer the medal (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 17.10.1919). TERNONZ, Maurice André Leon, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Ternonz received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). THERRY, René, Belgian civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Therry was noted as a Bourgmestre. For the original recommendation see the entry for Henri Theophile de Trèmerie. Therry’s address was noted as rue du Sac, Ploegsteert (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). 418 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 THESIN, Edouard, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Thesin’s address was noted as Montrouel sur Haine, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). THESIN, Syrin Alfred Athanase Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Thesin was noted as living at Grand Place, Erbault, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 21.11.1919). THEUNEN, Pierre, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Theunen was noted as living at 32 rue du Croissant, Forest, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). THILL, Jean Pierre, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Thill was noted as being a railway company Station Chief and as living at 8 rue de la Liberte, Petange, Grand Duchy. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has ensured the observation of the railway lines in the Grand-Duchy from November 1917 until June 1918 [for the M300 network]. Arrested 29 May 1918, he was sentenced to death but pardoned. He had a heroic attitude in front of his judges’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). THILL, Nicolas, Luxemburg Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that Thill: ‘…has exercised the duties of cross-border courier [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] in the Grand-Duchy with dedication and courage from 15 November 1917 until his arrest. Arrested due to a cause not connected to the service, he kept firm in front of his judges’. Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Nicolas Thill was noted as a local policeman and as living at Haut Bellain, Grand Duchy (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). THILLTHOMAS, Madame Marie, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Madame Thill-Thomas was noted as living at rue de la Liberte, Petange, Grand Duchy. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘She has ensured the observation of the railway lines in the Grand-Duchy from November 1917 until May 1918 [for the M300 network]. Arrested 29 May 1918, she was sentenced to 10 years’ forced labour. She had an admirable attitude in front of her judges’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). THIRY, Alexis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Thiry was noted as living in St Ghislain, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). THIRY, Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He ensured, both in our service [the Corps d’Observation Anglais] as in the service of D Lambrecht, the surveillance of the Liège-Vivegnis-Liers line from 1915 until the cease-fire, with the exception of a few months’ interruption from March until June 1916 caused by the arrest of Mr Lambrecht. His reports were very meticulous’. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Thiry was noted as an employee of the Belgian national railway company and as living at 29 rue du Chemin de Fer, Vottem, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). THOMAS, Camille, Luxemburg Agent Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Thomas was railway station Sub-Chief and was noted as living in Petange, Grand Duchy. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the 419 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He observed the Esch to Athus railway-line in the Grand-Duchy from 4 January 1918 until 30 May 1918 [for the M300 network]. Arrested on 30 May 1918, he was sentenced to death but pardoned. He kept a dignified attitude in front of his judges’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). THOMAS, Edmond The original recommendation for the BEM (Civil Division) noted that the recipient was a: ‘Maitre Ouvrier 5e Section des Chemins de Fer de Campagne. Services as in the preceding case of M Chavala [On 7 Nov last at Hersin Station at great personal risk during bombardment helped to isolate a burning truck of ammunition]’. The King approved the award on 5 July 1918 and on 25 July the Foreign Office despatched the medal to the French government who were to arrange the presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1189/84151 and FO 372/1190/126977; CC, 19.7.1918). THOMAS, Lucien, French Agent A French civilian, Thomas was noted as the Proprietaire des Eaux des Soultzhatt, Haut Rhin, when awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during the war’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1500/T2239 and FO 372/1502/ T3185; CC, 27.2.1920). THOREZ, Emile François Auguste, French citizen Thorez, from Les Attaques, Pas-de-Calais, applied to the ‘Queen of England’ on 13 March 1919 for recognition for ‘rescuing a British soldier from the canal at Isbergues’ and following investigation of his claim he was awarded the BEM (Civil Division) (TNA ref: FO 372/1294/68434; CC, 7.8.1919). THUYSBAERT, Hubert, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Thuysbaert’s address was noted as 58 rue d’Egmont, Antwerp, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from May 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the BelgoDutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). THUYSBAERT, Werner, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Thuysbaert’s address was noted as 12 Kingsmead Road, Tulse Hill, London, SW2. The original recommendation noted that the recipient was a: ‘Belgian subject employed in the GHQ Intelligence Office in London from March 1916 until after the Armistice, and since then in the London Office of the British Military Intelligence Commission. He has been employed as an interrogator of refugees and in the recruiting and handling of Agents. His tact in handling Agents and in general dealings with them has proved very valuable’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and 128306; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; CC, 17.10.1919). THYS VAN DEN AUDENAERDE, Guilleaume, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Thys van den Audenaerde was noted as living at 226 Chaussée de Bruxelles, Malines, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). TILLOY, Paul, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Tilloy was noted as a Chef de Service d’Expedition des Mines de Marles. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: 420 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 ‘By personal intervention, has frequently overcome the threatened interruption of coal supply to the British Armies in France’; his address was noted as Fouquereuil, Pas-de-Calais (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). TILMANT, Adolphe Joseph Leandre Constant, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Tilmant initially ran a group of 50 Agents gathering economic information for the Belgian government at Havre largely through his association with the Belgian Posts & Telegraph service and then expanded this network to gather aviation intelligence for the British. He continued in this role until a leak compromised him and delegating the network to Parenté, Tilmant then served in the espionage service of Count de Lesdain in Holland. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Tilmant was noted as living at 92 Avenue du Parc, St Gilles, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.220-226). TIMMERMAN, Mademoiselle Helena, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Timmerman was noted as living in Stroobrugge, Maldegem, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). TIXHON, Herman, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Thixon was noted as living at 31 rue du Péry, Liège, Belgium. Born in Liège on 6 April 1842, Tixhon (and his younger brother Henri) served as part of the Corps D’Observation Anglais from 15 April 1918, during which time he was working as a bank cashier. The original recommendation in the Belgian archives noted that: ‘Nous proposons pour cette unite, la médaille de l’Empire Britannique, parce que – Il a abrité pendant l’année 1918 des personnes touchant notre organisation, recherchées par police allemande. Sa maison servait en outré de lieu de réunion du conseil du Corps’ [which translates as: We propose for this individual, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire as – during the year 1918 he has harboured people belonging to our organisation, sought by the German police. His house was used, amongst other things, as a meeting place for the Corps’ council] (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Chelsea Military Antiques, Summer 2011 catalogue; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). PROVENANCE: A single British War Medal, named ‘H. Tixhon’, together with research including the above recommendation, was offered for sale by Chelsea Military Antiques, Summer 2011, list 49, item 487, EF, £175. Whether this medal was that to Herman or Henri Tixhon is unknown, both brothers having been awarded the British War Medal. TOELEN, Léopold, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Toelen was a ‘border agent’, he and his assistants traversing the frontier passage at Luiksgestel and passing messages using the train network among other means. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Toelen’s address was noted as 35 Dorp, Oostham, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.84-85). † TOUCHART, Henri Victor, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 24 December 1916, Touchart was noted as being a chauffeur and his address was rue de l’Eglise, Neuville St Remy, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Touchart had been arrested by the Germans and was executed in St Quentin, France, on 27 December 1916. His widow was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 17.10.1919; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 421 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE TRANCHANT, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Tranchant was noted as living in Pommeroeul, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † TREDEZ, Paul Charles, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 6 July 1917, Tredez’s last address was noted as 63 rue Rombert, Carvin, Pas-de-Calais, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Tredez’ next of kin was to be presented with his medal in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/158240 and 166504, and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 17.10.1919; http:// civils19141918.canalblog.com). TRIBBOULLET, Joseph, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Tribboullet (also noted as Triboullet) was noted as a Sous Chef Principal, Hazebrouck-Ypres line. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Was put to work at Hazebrouck when ROD commenced working the HazebrouckYpres line. He has been of the greatest possible assistance (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). TROUILLET, Anatole, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Trouillet’s address was noted as 5 rue de la Ligne, Roisin, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Trouillet had apparently died by 1920, whether as a result of his services is unclear (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 17.10.1919). TROWBRIDGE, Gabriel, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Paris The BEM (Civil Division), awarded in recognition of long and efficient service and devotion to duty, was approved in April 1921. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3292 and T4075). 422 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 U † UYTEBROUCK, Isidore, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 1 December 1916, Uytebrouck was arrested and executed by the Germans in Brussels on 2 December 1916. An engineer by trade, his home address was noted as 147 Boulevard Erasme Beulens, Heverlé, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com). UYTTER HAEGHE, Charles, Belgian subject The original recommendation for the BEM by Captain Robertson, RTO at Brussels, noted he was: ‘Officer de Police Principal, de 1ere Classe’, this being again brought to notice by Sir Francis Villiers, British Ambassador at Brussels, on 9 August 1920. The recipient is not listed on the Central Chancery register of the BEM (TNA ref: FO 372/1761/T5648 and FO 372/1517/T9337). 423 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Camille Hoste, Belgian Agent Pierre François Bruno Van Quikelborne, Belgian Agent Alphonse Van der Coilden, Belgian Agent Isidore Van Vlanderen, Belgian Agent Albert Julien Vermoere, Belgian Agent Charles Louis Waegenaer, Belgian Agent Alphonse François Verschuere, Belgian Agent 424 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 V VALET, Rev Père Emanuel, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Rev Valet’s address was noted as Abbaye de Mardesous, Namur, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). VALET, Monsieur l’Abbé Prosper, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Valet was noted as living in Torgny, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN ACKERE, Fernand, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Ackere was noted as being an engineer and as living in Waerschoot, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that he: ‘has founded the territorial service [of the Corps d’Observation Anglais] in the Eeklo region and directed it from June 1918 until the cease-fire’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). VAN AERDE-VISSERS, Madame Maria, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Madame Van Aerde-Vissers’s address was noted as Cappellen, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † VANANDRUEL, Fernand, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), to be dated from 28 October 1918, Vanandruel’s last address was noted as 22 rue du Vallon, Brussel, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from May 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The award was presented to his next of kin in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN ASSEL, Madame Alphonsine, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Van Assel was noted as living at 72 Groenstraat, Selzaete, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN BAREL, Egide, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He organised a little territorial observation service [Services de Transmission SA: Trans Escaut] in the north of Antwerp in April 1917, and directed it until the cease-fire. Beginning on 29 October 1917, he took on the role of reception post in Antwerp for line IV of the COA. He has fulfilled both these tasks in an impeccable manner’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis of the recommendation recorded that Van Barel had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’. Van Barel’s address was noted as 1 Canal des Brasseurs, Antwerp, 425 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). † VAN BOYNDER, Camille Frédéric, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 10 July 1917, Van Boynder (also noted as ‘Van Buynder’) had been arrested by the Germans and executed in Antwerp on 14 July 1917. He had been a village policeman; his last address was noted as 32 Nilstraat, Tamise, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 10.7.1917; Van der Fraenen, 2009). VAN BROOGENBROEK, Jean Baptiste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van Broogenbroek’s address was noted as 62 rue Ferdinand Lenoir, Jette St Pierre, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † VAN CANEGHEM, Alphonse, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, Van Caneghem had been arrested by the Germans and was executed at Ghent on 19 March 1918. He was noted having been a baker and as previously living at Groote, Herwegstraat, Ruyen, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009, who notes his name as ‘’Van Caeneghem’). VAN DAMME, Georges R, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van Damme’s address was noted as ‘Villa Triphon’, 82 Chaussée de Ghistelle, St André-lezBruges, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient: ‘Did very useful work from January 1917 to November 1918 as a recruiter of Agents and interrogator of newly-arrived refugees from occupied territory at Folkestone and in London’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). VAN DAMME, Joseph, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Van Damme was living at 64 rue St Georges, Ghent, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). VAN DENBERGHE, Henri, Belgian civilian Described as a railway ganger in the Ypres salient, Van Denberghe was awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation. Efforts were being made in March 1920 to trace Van Denberghe to present him with the medal (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858 and FO 372/1501/T2416; CC, 14.10.1919). † VAN DEN BOSSCHE, Désiré, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, the award being dated from 26 February 1916, Van den Bossche was described as a cigarette trader. Having served as an observer in the CarlotLouis network, he was arrested by the Germans, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and executed on 3 March at the Camp de Casteau. His last home address was noted as rue Basse, Sotteghem, Belgium. He is commemorated by the street: Désiré van den Bosschestraat, in Zottegem (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 426 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 VAN DEN EYNDE, Auguste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van den Eynde served with the Van Bergen network. Arrested on 12 November 1917, he was sentenced to death, but was subsequently reprieved. He was noted as living at 18 rue de la Forge, Malines, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Clerbout, 2009). VAN DEN EYNDEN, Madame Marie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Van den Eynden was noted as living at 37 rue du Maelbeek, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN DEN VOORT, Léopold, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van den Voort appears to have worked for the Lux network. He was noted as living at 59 rue des Drapiers, Malines, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Clerbout, 2009). VAN DE PLASSCHE, Michel, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Van De Plassche was living at 35 rue Lambrecht, Cambrai, France, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). VANDERBEKE, François Gustave, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Vanderbeke was noted as living at 78 Chaussée de Mons, Lembecq, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † VAN DER COILDEN, Alphonse, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 20 March 1918, Van der Coilden was arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 23 March 1918. An egg and butter salesman, his home address was noted as 31 Broche de Fer, Herseaux, Belgium. He is commemorated by a street: Rue Van der Coilden in Herseaux (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 20.3.1918, where he is noted as ‘Van de Coilden’; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; see also Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011). VANDERHEYDEN, Emile A Belgian citizen, awarded the BEM (Civil Division) for: ‘endeavouring to rescue a Canadian soldier from the River Meuse, near Seraing, on 7 January 1919’, a fuller version of the recommendation noting how: ‘On Jany 7th 1919, near Seraing a horse ridden by a Sergeant of the Canadian Forces, took fright at the approaching tram-car and with its rider plunged into the River Meuse, which was in flood. M Vanderheyden, with a British soldier and another Belgian civilian [Louis Delhalle], immediately went to the sergeant’s aid, but he unfortunately disappeared before the rescue could be effected. M Vanderheyden rendered valuable assistance in attempting to recover the body’. His address was noted as Rue Vinave, Tilleur (TNA ref: FO 372/1293/43657 and FO 372/1294/61137; CC, 31.3.1919). VANDERNOTTE, Paul, French Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Vandernotte’s address was noted as Anzin, France. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from November 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow 427 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE of valuable information’. Vandernotte was presented with his medal by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN DER VELDE, Robert, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van der Velde was noted as living in Statiestraat, Wachtebeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN DER VOORT, Gustave Henri, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van der Voort was noted as living at 59 rue des Drapiers, Malines, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † VAN DE VOORDE, Jacobus, Belgian Agent According to Debruyne and Van der Fraynen (2012), Van de Voorde was a workman from Waterland-Oudeman, Belgium. A ‘Passeur’ of the ‘Xavier’ service, he was arrested by the Germans in November 1916. Condemned to 10 years’ imprisonment and deported in France, he died during his imprisonment. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, this was to be dated from 25 April 1918 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Emmanuel Debruyne and Jan Van der Fraenen, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 25.4.1918). VAN DE WAEL, Jean Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van de Wael’s address was then unknown to the British authorities. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from December 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † VAN DE WOESTYNE, Edmond, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated as from 4 October 1918. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation [the Roze network] in occupied territory during 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918’. Van de Woestyne was arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 8 October 1918; this was the last execution in occupied Belgium, one month before the end of the war. Van de Woestyne had been the secretary of the wood workers union and his home address was noted as 106 Lindmoerstraat, Eecloo, Belgium. A square was named after Edmond Van de Woestyne and his brother Edgard-Joseph (who had been executed at Ghent on 7 April 1916): Gebroeders Van De Woestyneplein in Eeklo (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN DIJK, Gerrit, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van Dijk’s address was noted as Maastricht, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN DOREN, Henri Rudolph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Doren was noted as living in Maeseyck, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 428 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 † VAN EECKE, Louis François, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 12 September 1915, Van Eecke (26) had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Bruges on 17 September 1915. A merchant, his home address was noted as Bruges, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † VAN EECKE, René Aimé, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 12 September 1915, Van Eecke (22) had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Bruges on 17 September 1915. A merchant, his home address was noted as Bruges, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). VAN HAEREN, Monsieur l’Abbé Thedore Oscar, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Haeren was noted as living at 92 rue St Gilles, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN HAREN, Marie Joseph, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Haren was noted as living at 4 rue Floris, Schaerbeek, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † VAN HECKE, Adolphe, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated from 8 May 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Van Hecke (41) was arrested and executed by the Germans in Charleroi on 11 May 1917. Described as a skipper of the Franklin, his home address was noted as 36 Folstraat, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN HEDDEGEM, Cyrille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Heddegem’s address was noted as Secretaire Communal, Schellebelle, Belgium. Van Heddegem appears to have worked as the local city secretary (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN HENTENRYCK, Gustave Henri François, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van Hentenryck’s address was noted as 2 Chaussée de Zepperen, St Trond, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN HERCK, Franz, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van Herck’s address was noted as 17 rue de Cappellen, Cappellen, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN HOECKE, Mademoiselle Bertha, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that this: ‘Young girl, aged 15, being the assistant of Anna De Vos in the observation service [Services de Transmission SA: Services des Flandres] created by the latter in the Wachtebeke region, constituted a very important source of military intelligence. She audaciously ensured the regular passage of reports across the electrical wire. Arrested with her friend, she held a very courageous attitude and was only condemned to a light punishment and deportation’. Put forward for the BEM (Military 429 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis of her recommendation noted that she had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’. Van Hoecke’s address was noted as 70 Ramonshoek, Wachtebeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 17.10.1919). † VAN HOFFELEN, Liévin Constantin, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 12 December 1916, Van Hoffelen had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 16 December 1916 and is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. A glassmaker, his last address was noted as 23 rue de Chestret, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). VAN HOOREBEECK, Alphonse Joseph Marie, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van Hoorebeeck’s address was noted as 48 Veerstraat, Termonde, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN HOUDENHUYSE, Emile, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Van Houdenhuyse was arrested on 18 July 1918 while carrying coded messages between Brussels and Ghent and was sentenced to 10 years’ hard labour by the Germans. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Houdenhuyse was noted as living at 71 Doodstraat, Huyssinghen, Belgium and as having served as an Agent with the Corps d’Observation Anglais (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; Landau, 1935, p.167; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN HOUTTE, Mademoiselle Léonie, French Agent According to Landau (1935; who notes her as ‘Van Hutte’), Mademoiselle Van Houtte was for a time one of only two agents operating for Major Cameron in the Lille area. She was caught and imprisoned in Siegburg women’s prison, where she helped nurse other prisoners. She contracted typhoid during this period and nearly died. Living at 3 (or 5) Boulevard de Metz, Roubaix, France, Van Houtte was presented with her BEM (Military Division) by Major-General Thwaites in Lille at 11am on 28 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1294/T121, FO 372/1300/166342 and FO 372/1497/T801; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.257 and 262). VAN LOO, Maurice, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Van Loo’s address was noted as 7 rue de l’Eveque, Brussels, Belgium. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). VAN LOVEREN, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Loveren was noted as being a teacher and as living at rue de la Station, Antoing, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has fulfilled the duties of secretary of the Tournay group from May until October 1918, when he had to be evacuated to the Netherlands. He has recruited agents for the transmittal [of information for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] to Leuze’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012). VAN MEIR, Auguste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Van Meir’s address was noted as Ossendrecht, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence 430 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Service from February 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). VAN MUYLDER, Henri, Sergeant, attached to the DAPM at Namur The BEM (Military Division) was among the military exchange awards to Belgium, list 72, 8 May 1922 (TNA ref: WO 388/1 and FO 372/1764/T12765; CC, 22.11.1921). VAN NISPEN, Christian, De Heer, Dutch Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has been been the intermediary used to find Van Houke (M14) and to convince her to start a service. To achieve this he had to illegally enter the Etappengebiet. Later, he sustained a regular courier service between Antwerp and Rotterdam for the M14 Service [part of the Services de Transmission SA: Trans Escaut], doing so for over one year’. Put forward for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British recommendation merely noted that Van Nispen had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in Belgium during 1917 and 1918’. Described as working as a skipper, his address was given as 10 Noesestraat, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 17.10.1919). VANNITSEM, Isidore, Adjutant, Armee Belge Awarded the BEM (Military Division), with four other recipients: ‘…in recognition of the assistance they have given to the British Espionage Services in England and Holland during the war and in Belgium since the Armistice’; on 14 October 1919 the British Embassy in Paris requested further information on the recipient’s unit to assist them in tracing him to organise the presentation. The BEM was among the military exchange awards to Belgium, list 48, 28 October 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/133806 and WO 388/1; CC, 20.8.1919). VAN OVERBEKE-TOELEN, Madame Marie, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Madame Van Overbeke-Toelen’s address was noted as 61 rue Piedeboeuf, Bressoux, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN POUCKE, Mademoiselle Blanche, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Van Poucke appears to have worked with the Lux network. She was noted as living at 63a rue de Flandre, Vilvorde, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). VAN POUCKE, Mademoiselle Jeanne Bibiane Valérie, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Van Poucke was noted as living at 63a rue de Flandre, Vilvorde, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † VAN QUIKELBORNE, Pierre François Bruno, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 10 Septmeber 1917, Van Quikelborne had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 15 September 1917. A labourer with the Belgian national railway company, his last home address was noted as 22 rue d’Argile, Gentbrugge, Nord, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 10.9.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 431 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE VAN SPAENDONCK, Mathieu Joseph, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He created a letterbox at his home for the Colleaux Service (M69), which functioned from April until September 1917 [as part of Zone IV of Transmissions de SA, which operated in the northern part of Brabant province]. He fulfilled his role in an exemplary way and he would have continued to do so had he not been arrested by the confession of an agent belonging to another service to which he had been attached by his chiefs for an occasional mission. Arrested by the head of the counterintelligence on 22 September 1917, he energetically refused to denounce any persons belonging to the organisation and with whom he was in contact. Condemned to death, he was pardoned’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the British synopsis merely noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’. Van Spaendonck was a pub and store owner and his address was noted as 26 rue de l’Escrimeur, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 & P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 17.10.1919). VAN THIELT-TOELEN, Madame Céline, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Madame Van Thielt-Toelen’s address was noted as Chaussée d’Anvers, BourgLéopold, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). VANUXEM, Henri, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Vanuxem was noted as a doctor and the Mayor of Nieppe. The original recommendation described the award as: ‘For utmost devotion to his duty while supervising the administration of his commune, [which was] frequently subjected to violent bombardments’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). VAN VAECK, Constant, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Vaeck was noted as being a teacher at the St-Lambert Technical School at Mechelen and as living at 24 rue Moulin des Bierres, Malines, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘during 1918 he recruited and directed the agents for the Mechelen post and the territorial observation posts of Mechelen and Sint-Niklaas [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais]’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † VAN VEIRDEGHEM, Emile, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 10 September 1915, Van Veirdeghem (65) had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Brugge on 17 September 1915. A farmer and the owner of a pub named the ‘Schoon Zicht’, his last home address was noted as 168 rue de la Station, Aeltre, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.6.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). † VAN VLANDEREN, Isidore, Belgian Agent According to Morton (2010: who notes his name as Van Vlaaderen), Van Vlanderen lived in Bouchaute, on the Belgian-Dutch border and assisted in passing people and messages across it (as part of the DP network) until he was caught and shot by the Germans in Ghent on 12 September 1917. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 7 September 1917, Van Vlanderen was described as a hunting guard who lived in Meuleken Bouchante, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 4.9.1917; Landau, 1935, pp.256-257; Morton, 2010, p.100; Van der Fraenen, 2009). 432 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 VAN WEDDINGEN, Vital, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Van Weddingen worked as an Agent with the Dame Blanche network in the Hasselt area and was arrested in mid 1918 and imprisoned, the Armistice intervening before he was brought to trial. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Van Weddingen was noted as living at 19 Chaussée de Liège, Hasselt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.167-168). VARENNE, Aristide, French Agent Living in Momignies, Hainaut, Belgium, Varenne was due to receive his BEM (Military Division) in 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1296/105269, FO 372/1299/145598, FO 372/1300/163199 and FO 372/1498/T1311; CC, 21.11.1919). VEILLE, Monsieur, French citizen Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) in December 1919 and again one year later by Lord Hardinge, British Ambassador in Paris (letter dated 25 December 1920), Veille was put forward as: ‘Chef Surveillant des Lignes, Rouen’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1527/T14844, FO 372/1500/T2087, FO 372/1756/T768 and FO 372/1756/T768; CC, 9.2.1921). VERBEKE, Joseph, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Verbeke’s address was noted as 38 Chaussée de Steenbrugge, Bruges, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient: ‘Did very useful work from November 1915 to November 1918 as a recruiter of Agents and interrogator of newly-arrived refugees from occupied territory at Folkestone and in London’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; CC, 17.10.1919). VERCAUTEREN, François, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Vercauteren’s address was noted as Bruges, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from December 1916 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; CC, 17.10.1919). VERGAUWE, François. See: VERGAUWEN, François Albert. † VERGAUWEN, François Albert, Belgian Agent The original British recommendation noted that Vergauwen (incorrectly recorded there as ‘Vergauwe’) had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. Vergauwen had been arrested by the Germans and was executed in Brussels on 25 June 1917. Posthumously awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, Vergauwen’s last home address was given as 46 rue Bien-être, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920; Van der Fraenen, 2009; http://civils19141918.canalblog.com). VERGEOT, François, French citizen The Central Chancery notes Vergeot received the BEM (Civil Division), with authority dated 15 March 1920 (CC, 15.3.1920). VERGOS, George, a Greek national General Sir G F Milne, GOC-in-C of the Army of the Black Sea, initially recommended Vergos on 14 January 1920 for the Sea Gallantry Medal (Foreign Services), submitting a report which noted 433 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE that: ‘…on the 11 [November 1919] at 14.00 hours, a 3-ton lorry (empty) manoeuvring on the quay outside this office [Base Headquarters at Constantinople], pulled too close to the edge and fell into the sea. I must bring to your notice, for recognition, the courageous act of George Vergos, skipper of drifter Fred Salmon who dived from his vessel and saved the driver bringing him safely to the shore. In consequence, Vergos’ watch was ruined…’. The watch was replaced at public expense. The Foreign Office recommended the award of the BEM (Civil Division) instead, this being approved by the King in February 1920. The Foreign Office sent the medal to Vice Admiral Sir John de Robeck for him to present to Mr Vergos, who was noted as living in Ayos Stratis, near Lemnos (TNA ref: FO 372/1528/T1197 and T1649; CC, 17.2.1920). VERMANDEL, Edmond, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Vermandel appears to have worked for the Lux network. His address was noted as 48 rue Van de Wurve, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). VERMEEREN, Mademoiselle Irma, Belgian Agent The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘For one year, being a single isolated girl aged 24, she single-handedly made up a territorial observation service [part of the Services de Transmission SA: Services des Flandres] in the Wachtebeke region which functioned with absolute regularity for more than one year, and which permitted to identify with remarkable speed and precision, enemy military movements in the whole Waes-region. She ensured herself the passage of reports across the electrical wires’. Put forward for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Mademoiselle Vermeeren’s British synopsis of the recommendation merely said she had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916, 1917 and 1918’. Her address was noted as Wachtebeke, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 22 and P 159; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 17.10.1919). VERMEERSCH, Gérard, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Vermeersch’s address was noted as Bruges, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient was a: ‘Soldier of the Belgian Army, lent to the GHQ Intelligence Service and employed in the Folkestone Office from October 1915 until May 1918, where he did excellent work in interrogating refugees and transcribing reports, etc, etc. A hard-working man, who rendered valuable service’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; CC, 17.10.1919). VERMEERSCH, Oscar, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Vermeersch appears to have worked for the Laporte network. He was noted as living at 103 rue de Courtrai, Thielt, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † VERMOERE, Albert Julien, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Vermoere had been arrested and executed by the Germans at Ghent on 12 August 1918. His last address was noted as 13 Kerselaer, Caprycke, Belgium and his widow recorded as his next of kin (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; Van der Fraenen, 2009; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). VERN, Monsieur, French citizen Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) in December 1919 and then again a year later by Lord Hardinge, British Ambassador in Paris (letter dated 25 December 1920), Vern (or Verne as he also appears) was put forward as: ‘Chef Surveillent des Lignes, Le Harve’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1527/T14844, FO 372/1500/T2087, FO 372/1756/T768 and FO 372/1756/T768; CC, 9.2.1921). 434 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 VERNALD, Georges, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Vernald was noted as a Chef Mechanicien; Instructor to British Engine Drivers in Nord Railway method of signalling. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Instructed British Engine Drivers as to method of signalling on Nord Railway. Has been of the greatest assistance to the ROD’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). VERSCHAFFEL, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Verschaffel was noted as living at 298 Chaussée de Haecht, Schaerbeek, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VERSCHEURE, Oscar, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Verscheure was living in Waereghem, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). VERSCHOORE, Alphonse Auguste, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Verschoore was noted as living at 109 rue du Mail, Brussels, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VERSCHOORE, Victor Léonard, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Verschoore’s address was noted as 40 rue du Canal, Courtrai, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915, 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). † VERSCHUERE, Alphonse François, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 1 July 1917, Verschuere (or ‘Verschueren’ as he also appears) had worked as part of the DP network. He was arrested and executed by the Germans in Ghent on 15 September 1917. A teacher by profession, his home address was noted as rue Haute Deerlyck, St Amand, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 1.7.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009). VERSCHUEREN, Jacques Henri, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Verschueren was an Agent with the Biscops service. Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Verschueren was noted as living at 16 Quai Jordaens, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, p.271). VERSTRAETEN, Auguste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Verstraeten’s address was noted as Gand, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from June 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219; CC, 17.10.1919). VERSTRAETEN, Franz, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Verstraeten’s address was noted as Gand, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service 435 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE from June 1915 to Armistice, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’. The medal was presented to him in Ghent on 27 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). VERVAECK, Willem Mauritz, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Vervaeck was living at Rue de l’Arme, Etterbeek, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915 and 1916 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). VILLETTE, Victor, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Villette was noted as a Chef Cantonnier Mines de Bethune. The original recommendation, dated December 1917, described how the recipient gave: ‘Consistent and willing assistance to British platelayers at all times in vicinity of Bully, in repairing track – often under shellfire – so that traffic could be maintained. The ballast supply from the mines, under difficult conditions, has been greatly facilitated by the efforts of this man, under the direction of the Engineer, M Delauroy’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). VINKEN, Lambert François, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Vinken was noted as living in Kessenich, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917 and 1918’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VOSS, Ernest, Chancery Servant at the British Embassy at Paris The BEM (Civil Division), awarded in recognition of long and efficient service and devotion to duty, was approved in April 1921 (TNA ref: FO 372/1759/T3292 and T4075; CC, 5.4.1921). VRANCKEN, Henri Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Vrancken was noted as living at 77 rue du Village, Mopertingen, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). VRYENS, Martin, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Vryens’s address was noted as 6 rue des Lilas, Ougrée, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Worked as “Sous-Chef de Service” in Holland in the British Intelligence Service from May 1915 to June 1916, and was responsible for the functioning of Services in Belgium by arranging courier systems and devices for getting the reports across the Belgo-Dutch Frontier, and sending money and instructions into Belgium by the same means. Throughout this period rendered good and clever service and showed great initiative. Also proved very tactful in handling of couriers and Agents and showed judgment in recruiting new Agents, thereby ensuring a regular flow of valuable information’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). VYNCKIER, Julien, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Vynckier was noted as living in Dadizeele, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). 436 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 W † WAEGENAER, Charles Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, as dated from 6 September 1917, Waegenaer was arrested by the Germans. During interrogations he was led to believe that his brother-in-law had already confessed and threatened that if he didn’t follow suit his wife would be arrested as well, after which Waegenaer himself confessed in his turn. He was executed by the Germans in Ghent on 10 September 1917. A customs official by profession, his last home address was noted as 86 Oostragel, Selzaete, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 6.9.1917; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; Van der Fraenen, 2009; see also Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011). WAEREBEKE, Achille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Waerebeke was noted as living at 5 rue des Vieux Remparts, Thourout, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919; see also Van der Fraenen & Lachaert, 2011). WAFFELAERT, Gustave, Adjutant, Armee Belge Awarded the BEM (Military Division), with four other recipients: ‘…in recognition of the assistance they have given to the British Espionage Services in England and Holland during the war and in Belgium since the Armistice’; on 14 October 1919 the British Embassy in Paris requested further information on the recipient’s unit to assist them in tracing him to organise the presentation. The BEM was among the military exchange awards to Belgium, list 48, 28 October 1919 (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/133806 and WO 388/1; CC, 20.8.1919). WAGNER, Mademoiselle Emma, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Mademoiselle Wagner was noted as living at 59 Avenue des Voyageurs, Arlon, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). WAGNER, Oscar, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Wagner’s address was noted as 22 rue Ste Ganguepehe, Liège, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919). WALLYN, August, Belgian civilian Described as a permanent way inspector on railway lines in the Ypres salient, Wallyn was awarded the BEM (Civil Division), with ten other recipients: ‘…in recognition of special services to the British Armies on the Western Front’; the medal was sent to the British Ambassador in Brussels on 20 November 1919 for him to arrange its presentation (TNA ref: FO 372/1298/135858; CC, 14.10.1919). WANEUKEN, Arille, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Waneuken had served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, being arrested by the Germans, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and imprisoned for a time. He was noted as living at 104 rue de Marchiennes, Marcinelle, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). WANEUKEN, Mademoiselle Hermine, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Mademoiselle Waneuken had served as an Agent with the Carlot-Louis network, being arrested by the Germans, tried at Mons on 2 March 1916 and imprisoned for a time. Her 437 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE address was noted as 150 rue Potagere, St Josse-ten-Noode, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; ARA ref: FASP/P 43 & 177; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). † WANTY, Jérôme, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously, to be dated from 1 February 1917, Wanty was arrested by the Germans and died in prison. His home address was noted as 58 Avenue des Eperons d’Or, Tournhout, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 4.6.1917). WAROQUIER, Benoît, French civilian Awarded the BEM (Civil Division), Waroquier was noted as a Chef de Gare 1ere Classe, Bailleul. The original recommendation, dated 14 December 1917, described how the recipient: ‘Has rendered excellent service to the BEF and shown a fine example of devotion to duty since Oct[ober] 1914 as Station Master at the Railhead Station of Bailleul, which has been under constant shell fire’ (TNA ref: FO 372/1296/105998; CC, 20.8.1919). † WATHELET, Henry Joseph, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Wathelet and others worked for a train-watching service, reporting German troop movements (the Wathelet network). Arrested on 10 April 1917, Wathelet was executed by the Germans in Liège on 4 September that year. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Wathelet was a labourer by trade and his address was noted as Nandrin, Belgium. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; Landau, 1935, p.204, who notes his execution as having been on 11 September 1917; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009). WATTIEZ, Albert, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Wattiez was noted as living in Grandglise, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). † WAUTERS, Célestin Ernest, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Wauters was executed by the Germans on 20 November 1916. Awarded the BEM (Military Division) posthumously in 1920, the citation noted that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services to the British Intelligence Department as Agent of an Allied Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916’. He had been arrested and was executed by the Germans in Hasselt on 20 November 1916. His home address was noted as 36 rue Renardy, Liège, Belgium. Wauters is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse memorial in Liège (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.bel-memorial.org; Van der Fraenen, 2009; CC, 27.2.1920). † WAUTHY, Jacques Mathieu, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) posthumously by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), the award was to be dated 3 March 1917. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’. Wauthy had been arrested and executed by the Germans in Liège on 8 March 1917. He is commemorated on the Bastion de la Chartreuse, Liège. A factory worker, Wauthy’s address was noted as 160 rue Basse, Wez, Belgium. Also granted the British War Medal, the MIC notes him as ‘died’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192, FO 372/1297/122567 and Medal Index Card; CC, 17.10.1919; Van der Fraenen, 2009; www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php; www.belmemorial.org). WENES, Dieudonné Louis, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Wenes was living at 158 rue de la Plume, Courtrai, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services 438 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1916 and 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.2.1920). WERISSE, Arnold, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Werisse was noted as living at 10 rue du Pont Neuf, Verviers, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). WHARTON, Baynard, Volunteer, 1st Section, American Red Cross Society The original recommendation noted that: ‘On 24 May 1918 an aeroplane piloted by Lieut H J Watts, RAF, fell into the River Brenta [in north-eastern Italy]. At very great risk to his own life, Mr Wharton succeeded in saving him. Two Italian soldiers were drowned while assisting in the rescue’. Wharton was put forward for the Albert Medal by the GOC-in-C in Italy. Considered by the Army Council, Lord Cavan proposed that – as foreign nationals were not eligible for the AM – Wharton be put forward for the BEM (Civil Division) instead and the case was accordingly forwarded to the Foreign Office on 31 August. The award was approved by the King on 4 September 1918 and sent to the War Office on 16 September (TNA ref: FO 372/1191/150868, 156219 and 160713; CC, 12.9.1918, which lists Wharton as French). WIARD, Victor, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Wiard appears to have worked for the Lux network. He was noted as living at 15 rue de la Place, Hyon, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). WIARDDUFFEIGNIES, Madame, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Madame Wiard-Duffeignies appears to have worked for the Lux network. She was noted as living at 15 rue de la Place, Hyon, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). WILLAERT, Benjamin, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Willaert was noted as living at 21 Ooostvaartdyk, Klein Willebroeck, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). WILLEKENS, Charles, Belgian Agent According to Landau (1935), Willekens was one of the most trusted frontier guides helping others cross between Belgium and Holland: ‘we owed [him] a debt we could never repay – a spy to be taken into Belgium through the high-voltage electric wire, or a compromised agent to be brought out, it was he who never failed us’. Recommended for the BEM (Military Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Willekens’ address was noted as 25 Usine Fabrique, Baelen, Belgium. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1917’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919; Landau, 1935, pp.66, 68, 79 and 84). WILLEMS, Adolf, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Willems was noted as living at 20 Brieldreve, Maldegem, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; CC, 21.11.1919). WILLEMS, Louis, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Willems appears to have worked with the Lux network. He was noted as living at 80 Klapdorp, Antwerp, Belgium (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; Roel Struyve, personal communication, January 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). WITTOCK, Auguste, Belgian Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 1 January 1920), Wittock’s address was noted as Brussels, Belgium. The medal was presented to him in Brussels on 30 January 1920 (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1301/167455; CC, 21.11.1919; ARA ref: FASP/P 218-219). 439 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE WUILBERT, Alfred, Belgian Agent A Belgian civilian, Wuilbert was living at Rue des Herbieres, Boussu, Belgium, when he was awarded the BEM (Military Division) in 1920, the citation noting that he had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent of an Espionage Organisation in occupied territory during 1915’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1500/T2239; CC, 27.10.1920). WYSMAN, Jean, Belgian Agent Awarded the BEM (Military Division), Wysman was noted as living at 14 Place Communale, Uccle, Belgium. The original recommendation (in French and here translated), in the Belgian archives, noted that: ‘He has fulfilled the duties of observer on the Brussels-Halle line [for the Corps d’Observation Anglais] from March 1917 until the ceasefire’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1296/105269; ARA ref: FASP/P 207-225; Roel Struyve, personal communication, February 2012; CC, 21.11.1919). 440 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Y YUNIS, Yuzbashi, 3rd Euphrates Levy The BEM (Military Division) was an immediate award for Iraq (TNA ref: WO 388/5, book 28, p.126; CC, 3.12.1920). 441 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE Z ZINZEN, Hubert, De Heer, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Zinzen’s address was noted as 421 Dornchen, Moresnet Neutre, Holland. The original recommendation noted that the recipient had: ‘Rendered very valuable services as Agent in an Espionage Organisation in enemy territory during 1916’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). ZUURVELD, Ferdinand, Opperwachtmeester, Dutch Agent Recommended for the BEM (Civil Division) by the General Staff (War Office letter dated 27 August 1919), Zuurveld’s address was noted as Breda, Holland. The original recommendation described the recipient as a: ‘Member of the Royal Dutch Police. Throughout the war in a very tactful manner he gave protection in Holland and help to the British Intelligence Services operating in occupied France and Belgium’ (TNA ref: WO 106/6192 and FO 372/1297/122567; CC, 17.10.1919). 442 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 References Unpublished Files at The National Archives, Kew ADM 1/8423/153: Institution of the OBE 1915 ADM 1/8423/154: OBE recommendations 1918-9 ADM 1/8998: OBE recommendations 1917-1933 ADM 171/61: Medal rolls including BEM roll to RN 1918 to 1937 CAB 21/94: Proposed Order 1917 EF 1/43: His Majesty’s Inspectors of Explosives, Annual Reports for 1914-1919, which include summary details of accidents, fires, explosions, etc FO 141/668/7: Duke of Connaught to visit Egypt and Sudan to give out medals 1917-21 FO 371/5103/E3925: Distribution of decorations [OBE and BEMs] among local population in Mesopotamia FO 371/6354/E102: Conferment of Order of British Empire on Mesopotamians FO 372/1186-1193, 1201, 1292-1305, 1496-1536, 1756-1787, 1944-1950, and 2063-2069: Numerous sub-files within this series, covering the period 1918-1923, chiefly relating to awards of the Medal to Belgian, French and other nationals for service as secret agents, with a few to Chancery servants and miscellaneous others FO 383/357: Prisoners 1917 FO 383/482: Regarding possible British medals for Spanish embassy staff in Berne FO 383/498: Germany, prisoners 1919 FO 383/513: Recommendations for awards of recognition for special services to British POWs, 1919 FO 383/537: POWs, including recommendations of some Belgian subjects with description of their services HO 45/10887/350619: Morecambe Shell Factory HO 45/10894/360545: BEM to Joseph Ashton 1918 HO 45/10962/361340: Cancellation of the medal to A E Hawkes 1920 HO 45/11016/377171: Firemen recommended for the BEM 1919-21 HO 45/11027/415724 Honours: Expenses which fall on Lieutenants of Counties in connection with the holding of investitures HO 45/11071/380323: BEM General file 1919-22 HO 45/11086/434634: Medal of the Order of the British Empire: awards for services to state involving conspicuous courage 1922 HO 45/13340: Medal of the Order: payment of travelling expenses incurred in attending investiture 1917-24 HO 144/1550/197156: John Dudley Carruthers: forfeit of medal on conviction for fraud 1910-1920 HO 180/6: OBE Out-Letter Books, volume 1, 1918-21 HO 267/692: OBE awards to members of RIC 1911-19 MINT 20/773: Medal of the Order of the British Empire 1922-30 MT 6/2491/3: Ministry of Transport BEM list of recommendations 1917-18. MUN 4/5387: Canada recommendations MUN 4/6647: BEM Aircraft production MUN 7/400: Munitions Watford explosion, award of the Edward Medal MUN 7/553: 1918-9 Poison gas & explosives BEM recommendations PREM 2/13: OBE: proposals for the order 1915-18 443 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE T 343/33: Questions relating to honorary awards of OBE 1920-37 T 343/36: OBE Warrant Officers eligibility for appointment 1922-33 T 343/43: OBEs and Royal Visits 1921-55 WO 32/5397: OBE: procedure regarding recommendations 1917-20 WO 32/5432: OBE: conditions governing awards WO 32/5433: Reports of meeting re institution of Military Division 1918-20 WO 35/181: Rebel Outrages and consequent activities [in Ireland]: Appreciations and medal awards WO 106/6189: History of the British Secret Service in Holland 1914-1917, written by Lieut M R K Burge WO 106/6190: History of British Intelligence in the Great War (concerning British missions in various countries and areas), written by Lieut M R K Burge WO 106/6192: Honours and awards to named French, Belgian and Dutch Secret Service Agents WO 141/42: Recognition of the services of certain officers under the Commander-in-Chief, Ireland WO 141/54: Recommendations for awards for gallant services rendered in Ireland WO 141/93: Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume 1 WO 162/65: QMAAC Recommendations for honours and awards 1918-1919 WO 387/1-2: War Office: Military Secretary’s Honours and Awards Branch: Order of the British Empire Register (including BEMs) 1922-1949 WO 388/5 (book 28): Exchange decorations and medals {including list of BEMs for Arabia] Unpublished Files at the India Office Library & Records, British Library, London IOR/L/PS/15/38, File H158(1)/1917 (9 Feb 1917-11 Feb 1925): Order of the British Empire; Establishment of the Order statutes; power of the Viceroy to invest; appointment of the Viceroy as a GBE; Military and Civil Divisions of the Order IOR/L/PS/15/39, File H158(2 &3)/1917 (4 Dec 1917-22 Dec 1919): Honours: Order of the British Empire; appointments, investitures, etc, 1919 IOR/L/PS/15/40, File H33/1918 (5 Mar 1918-8 Mar 1918): Inquiry regarding Indian Awards of the Order of the British Empire IOR/L/PS/15/46, File H75/1920 (24 Feb 1920-2 Mar 1920): List of the recipients of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire IOR/L/PS/15/48, File H217/1920 (28 Mar 1919-3 Jun 1920): Clarification as to whether military officers should wear the ‘military’ ribbon as distinguished from the ‘civil’ ribbon of the Order of the British Empire IOR/L/PS/15/55, File H5/1922 (15 Dec 1921-28 Nov 1922): Order of the British Empire: 1922 Correspondence IOR/L/PS/15/56, File H21/1922 (13 Jan 1922-18 Nov 1929): Order of the British Empire; correspondence regarding lists of members (the latter lists not included in the file) IOR/L/PS/15/56, File H28/1922 (3 Oct 1918-20 Sep 1922): Awards to the Order of the British Empire (Military Division) of Military personnel Unpublished Files at Algemeen Rijksarchief (ARA), Brussels FONDS Vaderlandse Diensten – Fonds Archives Services Patriotiques (FASP), Portefeuille (P): FASP/P 22 and P 159: Services de Transmission SA: Trans Escaut Network FASP/P 43 & 177: Carlot-Louis Network FASP/P 207-225: the Corps d’Observation Anglais 444 THE BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL 1917–1922 Websites www.1914-1918.be/civil_fusilles.php www.ancestry.co.uk www.bel-memorial.org http://civils19141918.canalblog.com www.encyclopedia-titanica.org www.iwm.org.uk www.lancasterguardian.co.uk www.ww1-yorkshires.org.uk Published Works Abbott, PE & Tamplin, JMA (1981). British Gallantry Awards. London: Nimrod Dix & Co. Beddington, R (1917). ‘F’ Division Metropolitan Special Constabulary: A Record of Three Years Work, August 1914 to August 1917, London: Electric Law Press. Bernard, H (1971). Un Géant de la Résistance – Walthère Dewé, Bruxelles: La renaissance du Livre. Blackwell, R (1986). The Low Moor Explosion, August 21st 1916: a Mystery Explained?, Coventry: Coventry Lanchester Polytechnic Press. Cannadine, D (2001). Ornamentalism: How the British saw their Empire, London: Allen Lane. Cassell, MD (1986). ‘Awards of the Medal of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry in Ireland, 1920 to 1922’, OMRS Journal, Winter 1986, 25 (4): 208-215. Clerbout, G (2009). ‘Spioneren voor Vorst en Vaderland: Mechelse Spionnen in Dienst van de Verenigde Legers Tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog’, ‘t Ridderke, 1; also available at: http:// erfgoeddag.faronet.be/sites/default/files/spionage_wo_i_mechelen.pdf Coates, J (1991). ‘London County Council Silver Medal for Extraordinary Bravery at Fires: Fireman J S Green’, OMRS Journal, Summer 1991, 30 (2): 98-99. Decock, P (2011). La Dame Blanche: Un Réseau de Renseignements de la Grande Guerre, Raleigh: Lulu. Farmery, JP (1992). ‘Medals of the Order of the British Empire Awarded to the Fire Brigades of London for the 1914-18 War’, OMRS Journal, 31 (4): 278-9. Farmery, JP (1995). Police Gallantry: the King’s Police Medal, the King’s Police and Fire Service Medal and the Queen’s Police Medal for Gallantry, North Manly, NSW: Periter and Associates. Farmery, JP (2012). ‘Home Front Heroes’, Journal of the OMRS, 51: 1: 25-29. Galloway, P (1996). The Order of the British Empire. London: Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood. Graham, H & Bloch, H (2003). The Silvertown Explosion: London 1917, London: History Press. Henderson, DV (1988). Heroic Endeavour. Polstead: J B Hayward & Son. Landau, H (1934). All’s Fair: the Story of the British Secret Service Behind the German Lines, New York: G P Putnam’s Sons Landau, H (1935). Secrets of the White Lady, New York: G P Putnam’s Sons. Landau, H (1938). Spreading the Spy Net: the Story of a British Spy Director, London: Jarrolds. Morgan, J (2004). The Secrets of Rue St Roch: Intelligence Operations Behind Enemy Lines in the First World War, London: Allen Lane. Morton, J (2010). Spies of the First World War: Under Cover for King and Kaiser, Kew, Richmond: The National Archives. Occleshaw, M (1989). Armour Against Fate: British Military Intelligence in the First World War and the Secret Rescue from Russia of the Grand Duchess Tatania, London: Virgin Books. Reay, WT (1920). The Specials, How they Served London: the Story of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary, London: W Heinemann. Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920-21 and the Part Played by the Army in Dealing with it, volume I-IV, London: War Office, 1922 [TNA ref: WO 141/93] Seth, R (1961). The Specials: The Story of the Special Constabulary in England, Wales and Scotland, London: Victor Gollancz. 445 FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE 446