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The Camel and the Wheel (Morningside Books) Paperback – June 10, 1990
Purchase options and add-ons
- Print length327 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherColumbia University Press
- Publication dateJune 10, 1990
- Dimensions9.01 x 5.57 x 0.89 inches
- ISBN-10023107235X
- ISBN-13978-0231072359
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"A truly excellent book which will not be superseded for a long time to come." -- "International Journal of Middle East Studies"
"A truly excellent book which will not be superseded for a long time to come." -- International Journal of Middle East Studies
"A truly excellent book which will not be superseded for a long time to come." -- "International Journal of Middle East Studies"
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Columbia University Press; Edition Unstated (June 10, 1990)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 327 pages
- ISBN-10 : 023107235X
- ISBN-13 : 978-0231072359
- Item Weight : 15.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 9.01 x 5.57 x 0.89 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,449,713 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,302 in Animal Husbandry (Books)
- #2,086 in General Anthropology
- #28,859 in Engineering (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author
I retired from the History Department of Columbia University in 2015 after 39 years of service. Before that I taught at Harvard for six years and at UC Berkeley for two. All that redeems me from being identified as a pure academic is the enjoyment I derive from writing fiction. My first novel, Kicked to Death by a Camel, was nominated for an Edgar in the category of Best First Mystery. Some readers have maintained that the best thing about it was the title. Neither Kicked to Death nor any of my subsequent novels, most recently Chakra and The One-Donkey Solution, met much commercial success, but they enabled me to make stories out of my personal experiences, mostly during travels to the Middle East.
My academic writings deal either with Islam, human-animal relations, or the history of technology. In all three cases, my greatest satisfaction comes from asking unusual or previously unasked questions and exploring innovative methods in trying to answer them. When I came to Columbia, a colleague who was opposed to my appointment predicted that I would never write "real" history. Maybe I haven't. That's for others to judge. All I can say is that I don't think I have written any history that could have been written by someone else.
Personally, I come from Rockford, Illinois and consider myself a lapsed Methodist. That is to say, I recognize that the conduct of my life has been strongly influenced by the social expectations of Methodism, but I have long departed from the theology and rituals of any church. I have no personal or family roots in the Middle East or in Islam--or on a farm, for that matter. Though my early research and writing concentrated on the social and economic aspects of medieval Islam, and of Iran in particular, after the Iranian Revolution I became more actively involved in contemporary affairs. In particular, I pay close attention to religious political currents in the Muslim world and to the ups and downs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which I feel constitutes one of the major political and social experiments of our time.
After 50 years as a Middle East/Islam specialist, I'm pretty tired of reading about that subject. Thus my most recent book, The Wheel: Inventions and Reinventions, was a joy to research and write since it dealt with the entire world from 4000 BCE onward.
My non-academic reading preferences lean to speculative fiction, most recently Neal Stephenson, Steven Erikson, Ian Isslemont, and China Miéville Richard Morgan), along with graphic novels by the likes of Neil Gaiman and Alan Moore, and older experimental writers like John Barth, Donald Barthelme, Thomas Pynchon, William Gaddis.
I have made 40+ classroom lectures on World History available for free on YouTube and similar courses on Modern Middle East History and Iranian History Down to the Safavid Period on iTunes University/Columbia.
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Evidence, or lack thereof, can tell much in the way of the accuracy of historical events. Bulliet offers two categories of evidence that give insight into the lack of wheeled transportation in the Middle East and North Africa. The first of piece evidence is the presence of ancient paintings. While most paintings show depictions of wheeled transportation, evidence shows that the artists responsible for these paintings have likely never actually laid eyes on anything resembling wheeled transportation. The conclusion to be drawn from this is that the artists had no frame of reference for their art (p. 10).
Lastly, Bulliet points out that there is only one word before the fourteenth century that identifies wheeled transportation (p. 10). This does not necessarily mean that it did not exist. More likely, wheeled transportation was simply not as common in that time. These two examples show a lack of understanding in regards to the wheeled transportation.
When questioning the origin of the domestication of camels, the book of Genesis provides us with some insight. Bulliet reminds readers that in ancient biblical text, around the time of Abraham, camels were used as bribery and a means to trade (p. 35). The story of Sarah and Abraham is used as an example. The Pharaoh of Egypt was recorded using animals, including the camel, to trade with Abraham in exchange for his wife, Sarah. Later in the Biblical text, camels are also shown to provide transportation. Bulliet also mentions that evidence of camel domestication is prevalent (p. 35). But, this evidence has been shot down by a one W. F. Albright, a scholar of biblical history, who claims that the biblical text is inaccurate and is “a product of later priests tampering with early texts in order to bring them more in line with altered social conditions. (p. 36)”. Bulliet later explains that no domestication, from beginning to end, of an animal has ever fully been observed (p. 37). Albright’s argument brings into question the validity of the Biblical text, and encourages readers to dig into their own research.
In a later chapter, Bulliet gives five pieces of evidence of the camel’s domestication that may have in fact proven Albright’s theory to be wrong. These pieces of evidence include bronze figurines, a variety of pottery, cords that contain camel hair, and textual writings. While some evidence such as the camel hair is convincing, it is hard to point the pottery and figurines in that specific direction. A lot of the art is unclear and could depict a number of animals such as sheep, donkeys, horses, or dogs. (p. 65). This evidence is hard to decipher because there is so much uncertainty and many different ways to interpret the wide variety of findings.
In chapter 8, Bulliet finally addresses the importance of the wheel in context to the book. While the use of the wheel for the purpose of traveling may have been obsolete, its use for other practical purposes such as pottery, milling, irrigation, and a variety of other things were pertinent to the time. This shows that the wheel, while it may have not been used in a use for transportation, had many other uses that actually were technologically advanced. (p. 217)
The book concludes with a witty statement: “the wheeled vehicles have at last won their long contest with pack animals, won it despite the grave disadvantages—smog, superhighways, congestion, traffic deaths—that they entail.(p. 259)” These are things that we all have become accustomed to, so this begs the question, what would have happened if the wheel/camel relationship had ended the opposite? Bulliet asks, “Would the European carriage and wagon have replaced the pack camel if the motor car had not? (p. 260)”. The answer to that, Bulliet believes, is yes for two reasons. First, the wheel plays a huge part in Europe’s culture being exported in the age of imperialism. Second, because dessert roads may not have been useable by camel drawn carts (p. 260).
The author’s passion for the Middle East shows through in his extensive investigation into the speculations and facts of this book. Bulliet’s ability to communicate his ideas and findings, and his overall desire to educate individuals of this underrepresented part of history stands to tell of his love for what he does. If you are interested in learning about the history of camels and their use in ancient Afghanistan, this book is for you. I would recommend this book only to those who enjoy learning about unique concepts and historical events. The contents are fascinating, yes, but can be difficult to follow if one is not does not have an interest in the journey of the camel. The author did a great job of formatting the book in such a way that each chapter transitions smoothly one to another. The depths of knowledge and the research that were put into understanding the history of the camel and wheeled transportation make for a good read.